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path: root/qpid/cpp/src/tests/ha_tests.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#

import os, signal, sys, time, imp, re, subprocess, glob, random, logging, shutil, math
from qpid.messaging import Message, NotFound, ConnectionError, Connection
from qpid.datatypes import uuid4
from brokertest import *
from threading import Thread, Lock, Condition
from logging import getLogger, WARN, ERROR, DEBUG
from qpidtoollibs import BrokerAgent

log = getLogger("qpid.ha-tests")

class HaBroker(Broker):
    def __init__(self, test, args=[], broker_url=None, ha_cluster=True, **kwargs):
        assert BrokerTest.ha_lib, "Cannot locate HA plug-in"
        args = copy(args)
        args.extend(["--load-module", BrokerTest.ha_lib,
                     # FIXME aconway 2012-02-13: workaround slow link failover.
                     "--link-maintenace-interval=0.1",
                     "--ha-cluster=%s"%ha_cluster])
        if broker_url: args.extend([ "--ha-brokers", broker_url ])
        Broker.__init__(self, test, args, **kwargs)
        self.commands=os.getenv("PYTHON_COMMANDS")
        assert os.path.isdir(self.commands)

    def promote(self):
        assert os.system("%s/qpid-ha promote -b %s"%(self.commands, self.host_port())) == 0

    def set_client_url(self, url):
        assert os.system(
            "%s/qpid-ha set --public-brokers=%s -b %s"%(self.commands, url,self.host_port())) == 0

    def set_broker_url(self, url):
        assert os.system(
            "%s/qpid-ha set --brokers=%s -b %s"%(self.commands, url, self.host_port())) == 0

    def replicate(self, from_broker, queue):
        assert os.system(
            "%s/qpid-ha replicate -b %s %s %s"%(self.commands, self.host_port(), from_broker, queue)) == 0

    def config_replicate(self, from_broker, queue):
        assert os.system(
            "%s/qpid-config --broker=%s add queue --replicate-from %s %s"%(self.commands, self.host_port(), from_broker, queue)) == 0

    def config_declare(self, queue, replication):
        assert os.system(
            "%s/qpid-config --broker=%s add queue %s --replication %s"%(self.commands, self.host_port(), queue, replication)) == 0

class HaCluster(object):
    _cluster_count = 0

    def __init__(self, test, n, **kwargs):
        """Start a cluster of n brokers"""
        self.test = test
        self._brokers = [ HaBroker(test, name="broker%s-%s"%(HaCluster._cluster_count, i), **kwargs) for i in xrange(n)]
        HaCluster._cluster_count += 1
        self[0].promote()
        self.url = ",".join([b.host_port() for b in self])
        for b in self: b.set_broker_url(self.url)

    def connect(self, i):
        """Connect with reconnect_urls"""
        return self[i].connect(reconnect=True, reconnect_urls=self.url.split(","))

    def kill(self, i):
        """Kill broker i, promote broker i+1"""
        self[i].kill()
        self[i].expect = EXPECT_EXIT_FAIL
        self[(i+1) % len(self)].promote()

    def bounce(self, i):
        """Stop and restart a broker in a cluster."""
        self.kill(i)
        b = self[i]
        self._brokers[i] = HaBroker(self.test, name=b.name, port=b.port(), broker_url=self.url)

    # Behave like a list of brokers.
    def __len__(self): return len(self._brokers)
    def __getitem__(self,index): return self._brokers[index]
    def __iter__(self): return self._brokers.__iter__()


def qr_node(value="messages"): return "node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.replicate':%s}}}" % value

class ShortTests(BrokerTest):
    """Short HA functionality tests."""

    # Wait for an address to become valid.
    def wait(self, session, address):
        def check():
            try:
                session.sender(address)
                return True
            except NotFound: return False
        assert retry(check), "Timed out waiting for address %s"%(address)

    # Wait for address to become valid on a backup broker.
    def wait_backup(self, backup, address):
        bs = self.connect_admin(backup).session()
        self.wait(bs, address)
        bs.connection.close()

    # Combines wait_backup and assert_browse_retry
    def assert_browse_backup(self, backup, queue, expected, **kwargs):
        bs = self.connect_admin(backup).session()
        self.wait(bs, queue)
        self.assert_browse_retry(bs, queue, expected, **kwargs)
        bs.connection.close()

    def assert_missing(self, session, address):
        try:
            session.receiver(address)
            self.fail("Should not have been replicated: %s"%(address))
        except NotFound: pass

    def connect_admin(self, backup, **kwargs):
        """Connect to a backup broker as an admin connection"""
        return backup.connect(client_properties={"qpid.ha-admin":1}, **kwargs)

    def test_replication(self):
        """Test basic replication of configuration and messages before and
        after backup has connected"""

        getLogger().setLevel(ERROR) # Hide expected WARNING log messages from failover.

        def queue(name, replicate):
            return "%s;{create:always,node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.replicate':%s}}}}"%(name, replicate)

        def exchange(name, replicate, bindq):
            return"%s;{create:always,node:{type:topic,x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.replicate':%s}, type:'fanout'},x-bindings:[{exchange:'%s',queue:'%s'}]}}"%(name, replicate, name, bindq)
        def setup(p, prefix, primary):
            """Create config, send messages on the primary p"""
            s = p.sender(queue(prefix+"q1", "messages"))
            for m in ["a", "b", "1"]: s.send(Message(m))
            # Test replication of dequeue
            self.assertEqual(p.receiver(prefix+"q1").fetch(timeout=0).content, "a")
            p.acknowledge()
            p.sender(queue(prefix+"q2", "configuration")).send(Message("2"))
            p.sender(queue(prefix+"q3", "none")).send(Message("3"))
            p.sender(exchange(prefix+"e1", "messages", prefix+"q1")).send(Message("4"))
            p.sender(exchange(prefix+"e2", "messages", prefix+"q2")).send(Message("5"))
            # Test  unbind
            p.sender(queue(prefix+"q4", "messages")).send(Message("6"))
            s3 = p.sender(exchange(prefix+"e4", "messages", prefix+"q4"))
            s3.send(Message("7"))
            # Use old connection to unbind
            us = primary.connect_old().session(str(uuid4()))
            us.exchange_unbind(exchange=prefix+"e4", binding_key="", queue=prefix+"q4")
            p.sender(prefix+"e4").send(Message("drop1")) # Should be dropped
            # Need a marker so we can wait till sync is done.
            p.sender(queue(prefix+"x", "configuration"))

        def verify(b, prefix, p):
            """Verify setup was replicated to backup b"""

            # Wait for configuration to replicate.
            self.wait(b, prefix+"x");
            self.assert_browse_retry(b, prefix+"q1", ["b", "1", "4"])

            self.assertEqual(p.receiver(prefix+"q1").fetch(timeout=0).content, "b")
            p.acknowledge()
            self.assert_browse_retry(b, prefix+"q1", ["1", "4"])

            self.assert_browse_retry(b, prefix+"q2", []) # configuration only
            self.assert_missing(b, prefix+"q3")
            b.sender(prefix+"e1").send(Message(prefix+"e1")) # Verify binds with replicate=all
            self.assert_browse_retry(b, prefix+"q1", ["1", "4", prefix+"e1"])
            b.sender(prefix+"e2").send(Message(prefix+"e2")) # Verify binds with replicate=configuration
            self.assert_browse_retry(b, prefix+"q2", [prefix+"e2"])

            b.sender(prefix+"e4").send(Message("drop2")) # Verify unbind.
            self.assert_browse_retry(b, prefix+"q4", ["6","7"])

        primary = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        p = primary.connect().session()

        # Create config, send messages before starting the backup, to test catch-up replication.
        setup(p, "1", primary)
        backup  = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        # Create config, send messages after starting the backup, to test steady-state replication.
        setup(p, "2", primary)

        # Verify the data on the backup
        b = self.connect_admin(backup).session()
        verify(b, "1", p)
        verify(b, "2", p)
        # Test a series of messages, enqueue all then dequeue all.
        s = p.sender(queue("foo","messages"))
        self.wait(b, "foo")
        msgs = [str(i) for i in range(10)]
        for m in msgs: s.send(Message(m))
        self.assert_browse_retry(p, "foo", msgs)
        self.assert_browse_retry(b, "foo", msgs)
        r = p.receiver("foo")
        for m in msgs: self.assertEqual(m, r.fetch(timeout=0).content)
        p.acknowledge()
        self.assert_browse_retry(p, "foo", [])
        self.assert_browse_retry(b, "foo", [])

        # Another series, this time verify each dequeue individually.
        for m in msgs: s.send(Message(m))
        self.assert_browse_retry(p, "foo", msgs)
        self.assert_browse_retry(b, "foo", msgs)
        for i in range(len(msgs)):
            self.assertEqual(msgs[i], r.fetch(timeout=0).content)
            p.acknowledge()
            self.assert_browse_retry(p, "foo", msgs[i+1:])
            self.assert_browse_retry(b, "foo", msgs[i+1:])

    def test_sync(self):
        def queue(name, replicate):
            return "%s;{create:always,%s}"%(name, qr_node(replicate))
        primary = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        p = primary.connect().session()
        s = p.sender(queue("q","messages"))
        for m in [str(i) for i in range(0,10)]: s.send(m)
        s.sync()
        backup1 = HaBroker(self, name="backup1", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        for m in [str(i) for i in range(10,20)]: s.send(m)
        s.sync()
        backup2 = HaBroker(self, name="backup2", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        for m in [str(i) for i in range(20,30)]: s.send(m)
        s.sync()

        msgs = [str(i) for i in range(30)]
        b1 = self.connect_admin(backup1).session()
        self.wait(b1, "q");
        self.assert_browse_retry(b1, "q", msgs)
        b2 = self.connect_admin(backup2).session()
        self.wait(b2, "q");
        self.assert_browse_retry(b2, "q", msgs)

    def test_send_receive(self):
        """Verify sequence numbers of messages sent by qpid-send"""
        getLogger().setLevel(ERROR) # Hide expected WARNING log messages from failover.
        primary = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        backup1 = HaBroker(self, name="backup1", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        backup2 = HaBroker(self, name="backup2", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        sender = self.popen(
            ["qpid-send",
             "--broker", primary.host_port(),
             "--address", "q;{create:always,%s}"%(qr_node("messages")),
             "--messages=1000",
             "--content-string=x"
             ])
        receiver = self.popen(
            ["qpid-receive",
             "--broker", primary.host_port(),
             "--address", "q;{create:always,%s}"%(qr_node("messages")),
             "--messages=990",
             "--timeout=10"
             ])
        try:
            self.assertEqual(sender.wait(), 0)
            self.assertEqual(receiver.wait(), 0)
            expect = [long(i) for i in range(991, 1001)]
            sn = lambda m: m.properties["sn"]
            self.assert_browse_retry(self.connect_admin(backup1).session(), "q", expect, transform=sn)
            self.assert_browse_retry(self.connect_admin(backup2).session(), "q", expect, transform=sn)
        except:
            print self.browse(primary.connect().session(), "q", transform=sn)
            print self.browse(self.connect_admin(backup1).session(), "q", transform=sn)
            print self.browse(self.connect_admin(backup2).session(), "q", transform=sn)
            raise

    def test_failover_python(self):
        """Verify that backups rejects connections and that fail-over works in python client"""
        getLogger().setLevel(ERROR) # Hide expected WARNING log messages from failover.
        primary = HaBroker(self, name="primary", expect=EXPECT_EXIT_FAIL)
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        # Check that backup rejects normal connections
        try:
            backup.connect().session()
            self.fail("Expected connection to backup to fail")
        except ConnectionError: pass
        # Check that admin connections are allowed to backup.
        self.connect_admin(backup).close()

        # Test discovery: should connect to primary after reject by backup
        c = backup.connect(reconnect_urls=[primary.host_port(), backup.host_port()], reconnect=True)
        s = c.session()
        sender = s.sender("q;{create:always,%s}"%(qr_node()))
        self.wait_backup(backup, "q")
        sender.send("foo")
        primary.kill()
        assert retry(lambda: not is_running(primary.pid))
        backup.promote()
        self.assert_browse_retry(s, "q", ["foo"])
        c.close()

    def test_failover_cpp(self):
        """Verify that failover works in the C++ client."""
        primary = HaBroker(self, name="primary", expect=EXPECT_EXIT_FAIL)
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        url="%s,%s"%(primary.host_port(), backup.host_port())
        primary.connect().session().sender("q;{create:always,%s}"%(qr_node()))
        self.wait_backup(backup, "q")

        sender = NumberedSender(primary, url=url, queue="q", failover_updates = False)
        receiver = NumberedReceiver(primary, url=url, queue="q", failover_updates = False)
        receiver.start()
        sender.start()
        self.wait_backup(backup, "q")
        assert retry(lambda: receiver.received > 10) # Wait for some messages to get thru

        primary.kill()
        assert retry(lambda: not is_running(primary.pid)) # Wait for primary to die
        backup.promote()
        n = receiver.received       # Make sure we are still running
        assert retry(lambda: receiver.received > n + 10)
        sender.stop()
        receiver.stop()

    def test_backup_failover(self):
        """Verify that a backup broker fails over and recovers queue state"""
        brokers = HaCluster(self, 3)
        brokers[0].connect().session().sender(
            "q;{create:always,%s}"%(qr_node())).send("a")
        for b in brokers[1:]: self.assert_browse_backup(b, "q", ["a"])
        brokers[0].expect = EXPECT_EXIT_FAIL
        brokers.kill(0)
        brokers[1].connect().session().sender("q").send("b")
        self.assert_browse_backup(brokers[2], "q", ["a","b"])
        s = brokers[1].connect().session()
        self.assertEqual("a", s.receiver("q").fetch().content)
        s.acknowledge()
        self.assert_browse_backup(brokers[2], "q", ["b"])

    def test_qpid_config_replication(self):
        """Set up replication via qpid-config"""
        brokers = HaCluster(self,2)
        brokers[0].config_declare("q","messages")
        brokers[0].connect().session().sender("q").send("foo")
        self.assert_browse_backup(brokers[1], "q", ["foo"])

    def test_standalone_queue_replica(self):
        """Test replication of individual queues outside of cluster mode"""
        getLogger().setLevel(ERROR) # Hide expected WARNING log messages from failover.
        primary = HaBroker(self, name="primary", ha_cluster=False, args=["--log-enable=debug+"])
        pc = primary.connect()
        ps = pc.session().sender("q;{create:always}")
        pr = pc.session().receiver("q;{create:always}")
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", ha_cluster=False, args=["--log-enable=debug+"])
        br = backup.connect().session().receiver("q;{create:always}")

        # Set up replication with qpid-ha
        backup.replicate(primary.host_port(), "q")
        ps.send("a")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", ["a"])
        ps.send("b")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", ["a", "b"])
        self.assertEqual("a", pr.fetch().content)
        pr.session.acknowledge()
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", ["b"])

        # Set up replication with qpid-config
        ps2 = pc.session().sender("q2;{create:always}")
        backup.config_replicate(primary.host_port(), "q2");
        ps2.send("x")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q2", ["x"])


    def test_queue_replica_failover(self):
        """Test individual queue replication from a cluster to a standalone backup broker, verify it fails over."""
        getLogger().setLevel(ERROR) # Hide expected WARNING log messages from failover.
        cluster = HaCluster(self, 2)
        primary = cluster[0]
        pc = cluster.connect(0)
        ps = pc.session().sender("q;{create:always,%s}"%qr_node("messages"))
        pr = pc.session().receiver("q;{create:always,%s}"%qr_node("messages"))
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", ha_cluster=False, args=["--log-enable=debug+"])
        br = backup.connect().session().receiver("q;{create:always}")
        backup.replicate(cluster.url, "q")
        ps.send("a")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", ["a"])
        cluster.bounce(0)
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", ["a"])
        ps.send("b")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", ["a", "b"])
        cluster.bounce(1)
        self.assertEqual("a", pr.fetch().content)
        pr.session.acknowledge()
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", ["b"])

    def test_lvq(self):
        """Verify that we replicate to an LVQ correctly"""
        primary  = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        s = primary.connect().session().sender("lvq; {create:always, node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.last_value_queue_key':lvq-key, 'qpid.replicate':messages}}}}")
        def send(key,value): s.send(Message(content=value,properties={"lvq-key":key}))
        for kv in [("a","a-1"),("b","b-1"),("a","a-2"),("a","a-3"),("c","c-1"),("c","c-2")]:
            send(*kv)
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "lvq", ["b-1", "a-3", "c-2"])
        send("b","b-2")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "lvq", ["a-3", "c-2", "b-2"])
        send("c","c-3")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "lvq", ["a-3", "b-2", "c-3"])
        send("d","d-1")
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "lvq", ["a-3", "b-2", "c-3", "d-1"])

    def test_ring(self):
        primary  = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        s = primary.connect().session().sender("q; {create:always, node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.policy_type':ring, 'qpid.max_count':5, 'qpid.replicate':messages}}}}")
        for i in range(10): s.send(Message(str(i)))
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", [str(i) for i in range(5,10)])

    def test_reject(self):
        getLogger().setLevel(ERROR) # Hide expected WARNING log messages from failover.
        primary  = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        s = primary.connect().session().sender("q; {create:always, node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.policy_type':reject, 'qpid.max_count':5, 'qpid.replicate':messages}}}}")
        try:
            for i in range(10): s.send(Message(str(i)), sync=False)
        except qpid.messaging.exceptions.TargetCapacityExceeded: pass
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", [str(i) for i in range(0,5)])

    def test_priority(self):
        """Verify priority queues replicate correctly"""
        primary  = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        session = primary.connect().session()
        s = session.sender("priority-queue; {create:always, node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.priorities':10, 'qpid.replicate':messages}}}}")
        priorities = [8,9,5,1,2,2,3,4,9,7,8,9,9,2]
        for p in priorities: s.send(Message(priority=p))
        # Can't use browse_backup as browser sees messages in delivery order not priority.
        self.wait_backup(backup, "priority-queue")
        r = self.connect_admin(backup).session().receiver("priority-queue")
        received = [r.fetch().priority for i in priorities]
        self.assertEqual(sorted(priorities, reverse=True), received)

    def test_priority_fairshare(self):
        """Verify priority queues replicate correctly"""
        primary  = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        session = primary.connect().session()
        levels = 8
        priorities = [4,5,3,7,8,8,2,8,2,8,8,16,6,6,6,6,6,6,8,3,5,8,3,5,5,3,3,8,8,3,7,3,7,7,7,8,8,8,2,3]
        limits={7:0,6:4,5:3,4:2,3:2,2:2,1:2}
        limit_policy = ",".join(["'qpid.fairshare':5"] + ["'qpid.fairshare-%s':%s"%(i[0],i[1]) for i in limits.iteritems()])
        s = session.sender("priority-queue; {create:always, node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.priorities':%s, %s, 'qpid.replicate':messages}}}}"%(levels,limit_policy))
        messages = [Message(content=str(uuid4()), priority = p) for p in priorities]
        for m in messages: s.send(m)
        self.wait_backup(backup, s.target)
        r = self.connect_admin(backup).session().receiver("priority-queue")
        received = [r.fetch().content for i in priorities]
        sort = sorted(messages, key=lambda m: priority_level(m.priority, levels), reverse=True)
        fair = [m.content for m in fairshare(sort, lambda l: limits.get(l,0), levels)]
        self.assertEqual(received, fair)

    def test_priority_ring(self):
        primary  = HaBroker(self, name="primary")
        primary.promote()
        backup = HaBroker(self, name="backup", broker_url=primary.host_port())
        s = primary.connect().session().sender("q; {create:always, node:{x-declare:{arguments:{'qpid.policy_type':ring, 'qpid.max_count':5, 'qpid.priorities':10, 'qpid.replicate':messages}}}}")
        priorities = [8,9,5,1,2,2,3,4,9,7,8,9,9,2]
        for p in priorities: s.send(Message(priority=p))
        # FIXME aconway 2012-02-22: there is a bug in priority ring queues that allows a low
        # priority message to displace a high one. The following commented-out assert_browse
        # is for the correct result, the uncommented one is for the actualy buggy result.
        # See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/QPID-3866
        #
        # self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", sorted(priorities,reverse=True)[0:5], transform=lambda m: m.priority)
        self.assert_browse_backup(backup, "q", [9,9,9,9,2], transform=lambda m: m.priority)

def fairshare(msgs, limit, levels):
    """
    Generator to return prioritised messages in expected order for a given fairshare limit
    """
    count = 0
    last_priority = None
    postponed = []
    while msgs or postponed:
        if not msgs:
            msgs = postponed
            count = 0
            last_priority = None
            postponed = []
        msg = msgs.pop(0)
        if last_priority and priority_level(msg.priority, levels) == last_priority:
            count += 1
        else:
            last_priority = priority_level(msg.priority, levels)
            count = 1
        l = limit(last_priority)
        if (l and count > l):
            postponed.append(msg)
        else:
            yield msg
    return

def priority_level(value, levels):
    """
    Method to determine which of a distinct number of priority levels
    a given value falls into.
    """
    offset = 5-math.ceil(levels/2.0)
    return min(max(value - offset, 0), levels-1)

class LongTests(BrokerTest):
    """Tests that can run for a long time if -DDURATION=<minutes> is set"""

    def duration(self):
        d = self.config.defines.get("DURATION")
        if d: return float(d)*60
        else: return 3                  # Default is to be quick


    def disable_test_failover(self):
        """Test failover with continuous send-receive"""
        # FIXME aconway 2012-02-03: fails due to dropped messages,
        # known issue: sending messages to new primary before
        # backups are ready. Enable when fixed.

        # Start a cluster, all members will be killed during the test.
        brokers = [ HaBroker(self, name=name, expect=EXPECT_EXIT_FAIL)
                    for name in ["ha0","ha1","ha2"] ]
        url = ",".join([b.host_port() for b in brokers])
        for b in brokers: b.set_broker_url(url)
        brokers[0].promote()

        # Start sender and receiver threads
        sender = NumberedSender(brokers[0], max_depth=1000, failover_updates=False)
        receiver = NumberedReceiver(brokers[0], sender=sender, failover_updates=False)
        receiver.start()
        sender.start()
        # Wait for sender & receiver to get up and running
        assert retry(lambda: receiver.received > 100)
        # Kill and restart brokers in a cycle:
        endtime = time.time() + self.duration()
        i = 0
        while time.time() < endtime or i < 3: # At least 3 iterations
            sender.sender.assert_running()
            receiver.receiver.assert_running()
            port = brokers[i].port()
            brokers[i].kill()
            brokers.append(
                HaBroker(self, name="ha%d"%(i+3), broker_url=url, port=port,
                         expect=EXPECT_EXIT_FAIL))
            i += 1
            brokers[i].promote()
            n = receiver.received       # Verify we're still running
            def enough():
                receiver.check()        # Verify no exceptions
                return receiver.received > n + 100
            assert retry(enough, timeout=5)

        sender.stop()
        receiver.stop()
        for b in brokers[i:]: b.kill()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    shutil.rmtree("brokertest.tmp", True)
    qpid_ha = os.getenv("QPID_HA_EXEC")
    if  qpid_ha and os.path.exists(qpid_ha):
        os.execvp("qpid-python-test",
                  ["qpid-python-test", "-m", "ha_tests"] + sys.argv[1:])
    else:
        print "Skipping ha_tests, qpid_ha not available"