Merge branch 'newapi'

1 files changed, 1359 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/redis/old_client.py b/redis/old_client.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14343e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/redis/old_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1359 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+""" redis.py - A client for the Redis daemon.
+
+History:
+        - 20091207 Redis conenctions are now thread safe.  Thanks Aaron Raddon
+        - 20091115 implemented __getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__ to make
+          gets/sets/deletes easy and pythonic. better py 2.6 decimal support
+          (thanks Brent Pedersen)
+        - 20091106 added SPOP, SCARD, SRANDMEMBER, SDIFF, SDIFFSTORE
+          and all sorted set (Z*) commands (Andy McCurdy)
+        - 20091106 added connection retry handling when the client gets disconnected,
+          perhaps via the server timing the client out.
+        - 20090603 fix missing errno import, add sunion and sunionstore commands,
+          generalize shebang (Jochen Kupperschmidt)
+
+"""
+
+__author__ = "Ludovico Magnocavallo <ludo\x40qix\x2eit>"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright 2009, Ludovico Magnocavallo"
+__license__ = "MIT"
+__version__ = "0.6.1"
+__revision__ = "$LastChangedRevision: 175 $"[22:-2]
+__date__ = "$LastChangedDate: 2009-03-17 16:15:55 +0100 (Mar, 17 Mar 2009) $"[18:-2]
+
+
+# TODO: Redis._get_multi_response
+
+
+import socket
+import decimal
+import errno
+import threading
+import warnings
+
+from redis import exceptions
+
+# global threading manager
+connections = threading.local()
+
+class Redis(object):
+    """The main Redis client.
+
+    >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+    >>> r['a'] = 24.0
+    >>> r['a']
+    Decimal("24.0")
+
+    >>> r = Redis(db=9, float_fn=float)
+    >>> r['a']
+    24.0
+
+    >>> del r['a']
+    >>> print r.get('a') # r['a'] will raise KeyError
+    None
+
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, host=None, port=None, timeout=None,
+            db=None, nodelay=None, charset='utf8', errors='strict',
+            retry_connection=True, float_fn=decimal.Decimal):
+        self.host = host or 'localhost'
+        self.port = port or 6379
+        self.db = db
+        self.connection_key = '%s:%s:%s' % (self.host, self.port, self.db)
+        if timeout:
+            socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
+        self.nodelay = nodelay
+        self.charset = charset
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.float_fn = float_fn
+        if retry_connection:
+            self.send_command = self._send_command_retry
+        else:
+            self.send_command = self._send_command
+        self.retry_connection = retry_connection
+        self._sock = None
+        self._fp = None
+        
+        
+    def _encode(self, s):
+        if isinstance(s, str):
+            return s
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            try:
+                return s.encode(self.charset, self.errors)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError, e:
+                raise exceptions.InvalidData("Error encoding unicode value '%s': %s" % (value.encode(self.charset, 'replace'), e))
+        return str(s)
+    
+    def _send_command(self, s):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.connect()
+        >>> r._sock.close()
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r._send_command('pippo')
+        ... except exceptions.ConnectionError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        Error 9 while writing to socket. Bad file descriptor.
+        >>>
+        >>> 
+        """
+        self.connect()
+        try:
+            self._sock.sendall(s)
+        except socket.error, e:
+            if e.args[0] == 32:
+                # broken pipe
+                self.disconnect()
+            raise exceptions.ConnectionError("Error %s while writing to socket. %s." % tuple(e.args))
+        return self._get_response()
+            
+    def _send_command_retry(self, s):
+        try:
+            return self._send_command(s)
+        except exceptions.ConnectionError:
+            self.disconnect()
+            return self._send_command(s)
+            
+            
+    def _read(self):
+        try:
+            return self._fp.readline()
+        except socket.error, e:
+            if e.args and e.args[0] == errno.EAGAIN:
+                return
+            self.disconnect()
+            raise exceptions.ConnectionError("Error %s while reading from socket. %s." % tuple(e.args))
+        if not data:
+            self.disconnect()
+            raise exceptions.ConnectionError("Socket connection closed when reading.")
+        return data
+    
+    def ping(self):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.ping()
+        'PONG'
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('PING\r\n')
+    
+    def set(self, name, value, preserve=False, getset=False):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 'pippo')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.set('a', u'pippo \u3235')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.get('a')
+        u'pippo \u3235'
+        >>> r.set('b', 105.2)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.set('b', 'xxx', preserve=True)
+        0
+        >>> r.get('b')
+        Decimal("105.2")
+        >>> 
+        """
+        # the following will raise an error for unicode values that can't be encoded to ascii
+        # we could probably add an 'encoding' arg to init, but then what do we do with get()?
+        # convert back to unicode? and what about ints, or pickled values?
+        if getset: command = 'GETSET'
+        elif preserve: command = 'SETNX'
+        else: command = 'SET'
+        value = self._encode(value)
+        return self.send_command('%s %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+                command, name, len(value), value
+            ))
+
+    __setitem__ = set
+    
+    def get(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 'pippo'), r.set('b', 15), r.set('c', ' \\r\\naaa\\nbbb\\r\\ncccc\\nddd\\r\\n '), r.set('d', '\\r\\n')
+        ('OK', 'OK', 'OK', 'OK')
+        >>> r.get('a')
+        u'pippo'
+        >>> r.get('b')
+        15
+        >>> r.get('d')
+        u'\\r\\n'
+        >>> r.get('b')
+        15
+        >>> r.get('c')
+        u' \\r\\naaa\\nbbb\\r\\ncccc\\nddd\\r\\n '
+        >>> r.get('c')
+        u' \\r\\naaa\\nbbb\\r\\ncccc\\nddd\\r\\n '
+        >>> r.get('ajhsd')
+        """
+        return self.send_command('GET %s\r\n' % name)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        val = self.get(name)
+        if val is None:
+            raise KeyError
+        return val
+
+    
+    def getset(self, name, value):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 'pippo')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.getset('a', 2)
+        u'pippo'
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.set(name, value, getset=True)
+        
+    def mget(self, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 'pippo'), r.set('b', 15), r.set('c', '\\r\\naaa\\nbbb\\r\\ncccc\\nddd\\r\\n'), r.set('d', '\\r\\n')
+        ('OK', 'OK', 'OK', 'OK')
+        >>> r.mget('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
+        [u'pippo', 15, u'\\r\\naaa\\nbbb\\r\\ncccc\\nddd\\r\\n', u'\\r\\n']
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('MGET %s\r\n' % ' '.join(args))
+    
+    def incr(self, name, amount=1):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('a')
+        1
+        >>> r.incr('a')
+        1
+        >>> r.incr('a')
+        2
+        >>> r.incr('a', 2)
+        4
+        >>>
+        """
+        if amount == 1:
+            return self.send_command('INCR %s\r\n' % name)
+        else:
+            return self.send_command('INCRBY %s %s\r\n' % (name, amount))
+
+    def decr(self, name, amount=1):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> if r.get('a'):
+        ...     r.delete('a')
+        ... else:
+        ...     print 1
+        1
+        >>> r.decr('a')
+        -1
+        >>> r.decr('a')
+        -2
+        >>> r.decr('a', 5)
+        -7
+        >>> 
+        """
+        if amount == 1:
+            return self.send_command('DECR %s\r\n' % name)
+        else:
+            return self.send_command('DECRBY %s %s\r\n' % (name, amount))
+    
+    def exists(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.exists('dsjhfksjdhfkdsjfh')
+        0
+        >>> r.set('a', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.exists('a')
+        1
+        >>>
+        """
+        return self.send_command('EXISTS %s\r\n' % name)
+
+    def delete(self, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('dsjhfksjdhfkdsjfh')
+        0
+        >>> r.set('a', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.delete('a')
+        1
+        >>> r.exists('a')
+        0
+        >>> r.delete('a')
+        0
+        >>> r.set('a', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.set('b', 'b')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.delete('a', 'b')
+        2
+        >>> r.exists('a')
+        0
+        >>> r.exists('b')
+        0
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('DEL %s\r\n' % ' '.join(args))
+
+    __delitem__ = delete
+
+    def get_type(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 3)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.get_type('a')
+        'string'
+        >>> r.get_type('zzz')
+        >>> 
+        """
+        res = self.send_command('TYPE %s\r\n' % name)
+        if res == 'none':
+            return
+        return res
+
+    def keys(self, pattern):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.flush()
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.set('a', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.keys('a*')
+        [u'a']
+        >>> r.set('a2', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> keys = r.keys('a*')
+        >>> u'a' in keys
+        True
+        >>> u'a2' in keys
+        True
+        >>> r.delete('a2')
+        1
+        >>> r.keys('sjdfhskjh*')
+        []
+        >>>
+        """
+        return self.send_command('KEYS %s\r\n' % pattern).split()
+    
+    def randomkey(self):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> isinstance(r.randomkey(), str)
+        True
+        >>> 
+        """
+        #raise NotImplementedError("Implemented but buggy, do not use.")
+        return self.send_command('RANDOMKEY\r\n')
+    
+    def rename(self, src, dst, preserve=False):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.rename('a', 'a')
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        source and destination objects are the same
+        >>> r.rename('a', 'b')
+        'OK'
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.rename('a', 'b')
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        no such key
+        >>> r.set('a', 1)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.rename('b', 'a', preserve=True)
+        0
+        >>> 
+        """
+        if preserve:
+            return self.send_command('RENAMENX %s %s\r\n' % (src, dst))
+        else:
+            return self.send_command('RENAME %s %s\r\n' % (src, dst))
+        
+    def dbsize(self):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> type(r.dbsize())
+        <type 'int'>
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('DBSIZE\r\n')
+    
+    def ttl(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.ttl('a')
+        -1
+        >>> r.expire('a', 10)
+        1
+        >>> r.ttl('a')
+        10
+        >>> r.expire('a', 0)
+        0
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('TTL %s\r\n' % name)
+    
+    def expire(self, name, time):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 1)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.expire('a', 1)
+        1
+        >>> r.expire('zzzzz', 1)
+        0
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('EXPIRE %s %s\r\n' % (name, time))
+    
+    def push(self, name, value, head=False, **kwargs):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.push('l', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.set('a', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.push('a', 'a')
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value
+        >>> 
+        """
+        if "tail" in kwargs:
+            tail = kwargs.pop("tail")
+            warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning(
+                "tail argument of push is deprecated, use head=False"))
+            head = not tail
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "push() got an unexpected keyword argument: %s" % (
+                    kwargs.keys()[0]))
+
+        value = self._encode(value)
+        command = 'RPUSH'
+        if head: command = 'LPUSH'
+        return self.send_command('%s %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' \
+            % (command, name, len(value), value))
+
+    def llen(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.push('l', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.llen('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.push('l', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.llen('l')
+        2
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('LLEN %s\r\n' % name)
+
+    def lrange(self, name, start, end):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.lrange('l', 0, 1)
+        []
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lrange('l', 0, 1)
+        [u'aaa']
+        >>> r.push('l', 'bbb')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lrange('l', 0, 0)
+        [u'aaa']
+        >>> r.lrange('l', 0, 1)
+        [u'aaa', u'bbb']
+        >>> r.lrange('l', -1, 0)
+        []
+        >>> r.lrange('l', -1, -1)
+        [u'bbb']
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('LRANGE %s %s %s\r\n' % (name, start, end))
+        
+    def ltrim(self, name, start, end):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.ltrim('l', 0, 1)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'bbb')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'ccc')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.ltrim('l', 0, 1)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.llen('l')
+        2
+        >>> r.ltrim('l', 99, 95)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.llen('l')
+        0
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('LTRIM %s %s %s\r\n' % (name, start, end))
+    
+    def lindex(self, name, index):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('l')
+        >>> r.lindex('l', 0)
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lindex('l', 0)
+        u'aaa'
+        >>> r.lindex('l', 2)
+        >>> r.push('l', 'ccc')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lindex('l', 1)
+        u'ccc'
+        >>> r.lindex('l', -1)
+        u'ccc'
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('LINDEX %s %s\r\n' % (name, index))
+        
+    def pop(self, name, tail=False):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.pop('l')
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'bbb')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.pop('l')
+        u'aaa'
+        >>> r.pop('l')
+        u'bbb'
+        >>> r.pop('l')
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'bbb')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.pop('l', tail=True)
+        u'bbb'
+        >>> r.pop('l')
+        u'aaa'
+        >>> r.pop('l')
+        >>>
+        """
+        command = 'LPOP'
+        if tail: command = 'RPOP'
+        return self.send_command('%s %s\r\n' % (command, name))
+
+    def poppush(self, src, dst):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('lsource')
+        0
+        >>> r.delete('ldestination')
+        0
+        >>> r.push('lsource', 'one', head=True)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('lsource', 'two', head=True)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('lsource', 'three', head=True)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.poppush('lsource', 'ldestination')
+        u'one'
+        >>> r.lrange('lsource', 0, -1)
+        [u'three', u'two']
+        >>> r.lrange('ldestination', 0, -1)
+        [u'one']
+        >>> r.poppush('lsource', 'ldestination')
+        u'two'
+        >>> r.lrange('lsource', 0, -1)
+        [u'three']
+        >>> r.lrange('ldestination', 0, -1)
+        [u'two', u'one']
+        """
+        return self.send_command('RPOPLPUSH %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            src, len(dst), dst
+        ))
+    
+    def lset(self, name, index, value):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.lset('l', 0, 'a')
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        no such key
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.lset('l', 1, 'a')
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        index out of range
+        >>> r.lset('l', 0, 'bbb')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lrange('l', 0, 1)
+        [u'bbb']
+        >>> 
+        """
+        value = self._encode(value)
+        return self.send_command('LSET %s %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            name, index, len(value), value
+        ))
+    
+    def lrem(self, name, value, num=0):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'bbb')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lrem('l', 'aaa')
+        2
+        >>> r.lrange('l', 0, 10)
+        [u'bbb']
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lrem('l', 'aaa', 1)
+        1
+        >>> r.lrem('l', 'aaa', 1)
+        1
+        >>> r.lrem('l', 'aaa', 1)
+        0
+        >>> 
+        """
+        value = self._encode(value)
+        return self.send_command('LREM %s %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            name, num, len(value), value
+        ))
+    
+    def sort(self, name, by=None, get=None, start=None, num=None, desc=False, alpha=False):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> r.push('l', 'ccc')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'aaa')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'ddd')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.push('l', 'bbb')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.sort('l', alpha=True)
+        [u'aaa', u'bbb', u'ccc', u'ddd']
+        >>> r.delete('l')
+        1
+        >>> for i in range(1, 5):
+        ...     res = r.push('l', 1.0 / i)
+        >>> r.sort('l')
+        [Decimal("0.25"), Decimal("0.333333333333"), Decimal("0.5"), Decimal("1.0")]
+        >>> r.sort('l', desc=True)
+        [Decimal("1.0"), Decimal("0.5"), Decimal("0.333333333333"), Decimal("0.25")]
+        >>> r.sort('l', desc=True, start=2, num=1)
+        [Decimal("0.333333333333")]
+        >>> r.set('weight_0.5', 10)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.sort('l', desc=True, by='weight_*')
+        [Decimal("0.5"), Decimal("1.0"), Decimal("0.333333333333"), Decimal("0.25")]
+        >>> for i in r.sort('l', desc=True):
+        ...     res = r.set('test_%s' % i, 100 - float(i))
+        >>> r.sort('l', desc=True, get='test_*')
+        [Decimal("99.0"), Decimal("99.5"), Decimal("99.6666666667"), Decimal("99.75")]
+        >>> r.sort('l', desc=True, by='weight_*', get='test_*')
+        [Decimal("99.5"), Decimal("99.0"), Decimal("99.6666666667"), Decimal("99.75")]
+        >>> r.sort('l', desc=True, by='weight_*', get='missing_*')
+        [None, None, None, None]
+        >>> 
+        """
+        stmt = ['SORT', name]
+        if by:
+            stmt.append("BY %s" % by)
+        if start is not None and num is not None:
+            stmt.append("LIMIT %s %s" % (start, num))
+        if get is None:
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(get, basestring):
+            stmt.append("GET %s" % get)
+        elif isinstance(get, list) or isinstance(get, tuple):
+            for g in get:
+                stmt.append("GET %s" % g)
+        else:
+            raise exceptions.RedisError("Invalid parameter 'get' for Redis sort")
+        if desc:
+            stmt.append("DESC")
+        if alpha:
+            stmt.append("ALPHA")
+        return self.send_command(' '.join(stmt + ["\r\n"]))
+    
+    def sadd(self, name, value):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s')
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> 
+        """
+        value = self._encode(value)
+        return self.send_command('SADD %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            name, len(value), value
+        ))
+        
+    def srem(self, name, value):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('s')
+        1
+        >>> r.srem('s', 'aaa')
+        0
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.srem('s', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.sismember('s', 'b')
+        0
+        >>> 
+        """
+        value = self._encode(value)
+        return self.send_command('SREM %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            name, len(value), value
+        ))
+        
+    def spop(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s')
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.spop('s')
+        u'a'
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SPOP %s\r\n' % name)
+        
+    def smove(self, src, dst, member):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> _ = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> _ = r.delete('s2')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.smove('s1', 's2', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> src_set = r.smembers('s1')
+        >>> 'a' in src_set
+        False
+        >>> dst_set = r.smembers('s2')
+        >>> 'a' in dst_set
+        True
+        >>> 'b' in dst_set
+        True
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SMOVE %s %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            src, dst, len(member), member
+        ))
+    
+    def scard(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s')
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.scard('s')
+        1
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SCARD %s\r\n' % name)
+    
+    def sismember(self, name, value):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('s')
+        1
+        >>> r.sismember('s', 'b')
+        0
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sismember('s', 'b')
+        0
+        >>> r.sismember('s', 'a')
+        1
+        >>>
+        """
+        value = self._encode(value)
+        return self.send_command('SISMEMBER %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            name, len(value), value
+        ))
+    
+    def sinter(self, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s2')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s3')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.sinter()
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        wrong number of arguments for 'sinter' command
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.sinter('l')
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value
+        >>> r.sinter('s1', 's2', 's3')
+        set([])
+        >>> r.sinter('s1', 's2')
+        set([u'a'])
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return set(self.send_command('SINTER %s\r\n' % ' '.join(args)))
+    
+    def sinterstore(self, dest, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s2')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s3')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.sinterstore('s_s', 's1', 's2', 's3')
+        0
+        >>> r.sinterstore('s_s', 's1', 's2')
+        1
+        >>> r.smembers('s_s')
+        set([u'a'])
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SINTERSTORE %s %s\r\n' % (dest, ' '.join(args)))
+
+    def smembers(self, name):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('s')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> try:
+        ...     r.smembers('l')
+        ... except exceptions.ResponseError, e:
+        ...     print e
+        Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value
+        >>> r.smembers('s')
+        set([u'a', u'b'])
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return set(self.send_command('SMEMBERS %s\r\n' % name))
+
+    def sunion(self, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s2')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s3')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.sunion('s1', 's2', 's3')
+        set([u'a', u'b'])
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'c')
+        1
+        >>> r.sunion('s1', 's2', 's3')
+        set([u'a', u'c', u'b'])
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return set(self.send_command('SUNION %s\r\n' % ' '.join(args)))
+
+    def sunionstore(self, dest, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s2')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s3')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.sunionstore('s4', 's1', 's2', 's3')
+        2
+        >>> r.smembers('s4')
+        set([u'a', u'b'])
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SUNIONSTORE %s %s\r\n' % (dest, ' '.join(args)))
+        
+    def sdiff(self, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s2')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s3')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'x')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'c')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'c')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'd')
+        1
+        >>> diff = r.sdiff('s1', 's2', 's3')
+        >>> 'x' in diff
+        True
+        >>> 'b' in diff
+        True
+        """
+        return set(self.send_command('SDIFF %s\r\n' % ' '.join(args)))
+        
+    def sdiffstore(self, dest, *args):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s2')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s3')
+        >>> res = r.delete('s4')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'x')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'c')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s2', 'c')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s3', 'd')
+        1
+        >>> r.sdiffstore('s4', 's1', 's2', 's3')
+        2
+        >>> diff = r.smembers('s4')
+        >>> 'x' in diff
+        True
+        >>> 'b' in diff
+        True
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SDIFFSTORE %s %s\r\n' % (dest, ' '.join(args)))
+        
+    def srandmember(self, key):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('s1')
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'a')
+        1
+        >>> r.sadd('s1', 'b')
+        1
+        >>> rand = r.srandmember('s1')
+        >>> rand in ['a', 'b']
+        True
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SRANDMEMBER %s\r\n' % key)
+        
+    def zadd(self, key, member, score):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('z1')
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'abc', 5)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'def', 3)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'abc', 2)
+        0
+        """
+        member = self._encode(member)
+        return self.send_command('ZADD %s %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            key, score, len(member), member
+        ))
+        
+    def zrem(self, key, member):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('z1')
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'abc', 5)
+        1
+        >>> r.zrem('z1', 'abc')
+        1
+        >>> r.zrem('z1', 'def')
+        0
+        """
+        member = self._encode(member)
+        return self.send_command('ZREM %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            key, len(member), member
+        ))
+        
+    def zrange(self, key, start, end, desc=False, withscores=False):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('z1')
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'a', 5)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'b', 2)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'c', 7)
+        1
+        >>> r.zrange('z1', 0, 2)
+        [u'b', u'a', u'c']
+        >>> r.zrange('z1', 0, 1)
+        [u'b', u'a']
+        >>> r.zrange('z1', 0, 2, desc=True)
+        [u'c', u'a', u'b']
+        >>> r.zrange('z1', 0, 1, desc=True)
+        [u'c', u'a']
+        >>>
+        """
+        command = 'ZRANGE'
+        if desc: command = 'ZREVRANGE'
+        _withscores = withscores and ' withscores' or ''
+        return self.send_command('%s %s %s %s %s\r\n' \
+            % (command, key, start, end, _withscores))
+
+    def zrangebyscore(self, key, min, max, offset=None, count=None):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('z1')
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'a', 5)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'b', 2)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'c', 7)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'd', 10)
+        1
+        >>> r.zrangebyscore('z1', 5, 7)
+        [u'a', u'c']
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'e', 8)
+        1
+        >>> r.zrangebyscore('z1', 5, 8, offset=0, count=2)
+        [u'a', u'c']
+        >>> r.zrangebyscore('z1', 5, 8, offset=1, count=2)
+        [u'c', u'e']
+        """
+        if offset is not None and count is not None:
+            limit = " LIMIT %d %d" % (offset, count)
+        else:
+            limit = ""
+        
+        return self.send_command('ZRANGEBYSCORE %s %s %s%s\r\n' % (
+            key, min, max, limit
+        ))
+        
+    def zcard(self, key):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('z1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('z2')
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'a', 5)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'b', 2)
+        1
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'c', 7)
+        1
+        >>> r.zcard('z1')
+        3
+        >>> r.zcard('z2')
+        0
+        """
+        return self.send_command('ZCARD %s\r\n' % key)
+        
+    def zscore(self, key, member):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('z1')
+        >>> res = r.delete('z2')
+        >>> r.zadd('z1', 'a', 5)
+        1
+        >>> r.zscore('z1', 'a')
+        5
+        >>> r.zscore('z1', 'b')
+        >>> r.zscore('z2', 'a')
+        """
+        member = self._encode(member)
+        return self.send_command('ZSCORE %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            key, len(member), member
+        ))
+        
+    def zincr(self, key, member, value=1):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> res = r.delete('z1')
+        >>> r.zincr('z1', 'k1')
+        1
+        >>> r.zincr('z1', 'k1', 5)
+        6
+        >>> r.zincr('z1', 'k1', -4)
+        2
+        """
+        member = self._encode(member)
+        return self.send_command('ZINCRBY %s %s %s\r\n%s\r\n' % (
+            key, value, len(member), member
+        ))
+        
+    def select(self, db):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.delete('a')
+        1
+        >>> r.select(10)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.set('a', 1)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.select(9)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.get('a')
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('SELECT %s\r\n' % db)
+    
+    def move(self, name, db):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.set('a', 'a')
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.select(10)
+        'OK'
+        >>> if r.get('a'):
+        ...     r.delete('a')
+        ... else:
+        ...     print 1
+        1
+        >>> r.select(9)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.move('a', 10)
+        1
+        >>> r.get('a')
+        >>> r.select(10)
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.get('a')
+        u'a'
+        >>> r.select(9)
+        'OK'
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('MOVE %s %s\r\n' % (name, db))
+    
+    def save(self, background=False):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.save()
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.save(background=True)
+        'Background saving started'
+        >>> 
+        """
+        if background:
+            return self.send_command('BGSAVE\r\n')
+        else:
+            return self.send_command('SAVE\r\n')
+        
+    def shutdown(self):
+        """Close all client connections, dump database and quit the server."""
+        try:  
+            self.send_command('SHUTDOWN\r\n')
+        except exceptions.ConnectionError:
+            return
+
+    def lastsave(self):
+        """
+        >>> import time
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> t = int(time.time())
+        >>> r.save()
+        'OK'
+        >>> r.lastsave() >= t
+        True
+        >>> 
+        """
+        return self.send_command('LASTSAVE\r\n')
+    
+    def flush(self, all_dbs=False):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.flush()
+        'OK'
+        >>> # r.flush(all_dbs=True)
+        >>>
+        """
+        command = 'FLUSHDB'
+        if all_dbs: command = 'FLUSHALL'
+        return self.send_command('%s\r\n' % command)
+
+    def info(self):
+        """
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> info = r.info()
+        >>> info and isinstance(info, dict)
+        True
+        >>> isinstance(info.get('connected_clients'), int)
+        True
+        >>> 
+        """
+        info = dict()
+        for l in self.send_command('INFO\r\n').split('\r\n'):
+            if not l:
+                continue
+            k, v = l.split(':', 1)
+            if v.isdigit():
+                info[k] = int(v)
+            else:
+                info[k] = v
+        return info
+    
+    def auth(self, passwd):
+        return self.send_command('AUTH %s\r\n' % passwd)
+    
+    def _get_response(self):
+        data = self._read().strip()
+        if not data:
+            self.disconnect()
+            raise exceptions.ConnectionError("Socket closed on remote end")
+        c = data[0]
+        if c == '-':
+            err = data[1:]
+            if data[:5] == '-ERR ':
+                err = data[5:]
+            raise exceptions.ResponseError(err)
+        if c == '+':
+            return data[1:]
+        if c == '*':
+            try:
+                num = int(data[1:])
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                raise exceptions.InvalidResponse("Cannot convert multi-response header '%s' to integer" % data)
+            return [self._get_value() for i in range(num)]
+        return self._get_value(data)
+    
+    def _get_value(self, data=None):
+        data = data or self._read().strip()
+        if data == '$-1':
+            return None
+        try:
+            if not "." in data:
+                value = int(data[1:])
+            else:
+                value = float(data[1:])
+            c, i = data[0], value
+        except ValueError:
+            raise exceptions.InvalidResponse("Cannot convert data '%s' to integer" % data)
+        if c == ':':
+            return i
+        if c != '$':
+            raise exceptions.InvalidResponse("Unkown response prefix for '%s'" % data)
+        buf = []
+        while i >= 0:
+            data = self._read()
+            i -= len(data)
+            buf.append(data)
+
+        data = ''.join(buf)[:-2]
+        try:
+            if not '.' in data:
+                value = int(data)
+            else:
+                value = self.float_fn(data)
+            return value
+        except (ValueError, decimal.InvalidOperation):
+            return data.decode(self.charset)
+    
+    def disconnect(self):
+        if self._sock is not None:
+            try:
+                self._sock.close()
+            except socket.error:
+                pass
+        self._sock = None
+        self._fp = None
+        if hasattr(connections, self.connection_key):
+            delattr(connections, self.connection_key)
+    
+    def connect(self):
+        """
+        >>> import socket
+        >>> r = Redis(db=9)
+        >>> r.connect()
+        >>> isinstance(r._sock, socket.socket)
+        True
+        >>> r.disconnect()
+        >>> 
+        """
+        if isinstance(self._sock, socket.socket):
+            return
+        try:
+            # connection pooling to thread local
+            if not hasattr(connections, self.connection_key):
+                sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+                sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
+                if self.nodelay is not None:
+                    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, self.nodelay)
+                setattr(connections, self.connection_key, sock)
+            sock = getattr(connections, self.connection_key)
+        except socket.error, e:
+            raise exceptions.ConnectionError("Error %s connecting to %s:%s. %s." % (e.args[0], self.host, self.port, e.args[1]))
+        else:
+            # no exceptions
+            self._sock = sock
+            self._fp = self._sock.makefile('r')
+            if self.db:
+                self.select(self.db)
+    
+
+def run_doctests(module=None):
+    # hack to make doctests pass in 2.6
+    decimal.Decimal.__repr__ = lambda self: 'Decimal("%s")' % str(self)
+    import doctest
+    doctest.testmod(m=module)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    run_doctests()