// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. #include "sandbox/win/src/process_mitigations.h" #include #include #include #include #include "base/check_op.h" #include "base/files/file_path.h" #include "base/notreached.h" #include "base/scoped_native_library.h" #include "base/win/windows_version.h" #include "build/build_config.h" #include "sandbox/win/src/nt_internals.h" #include "sandbox/win/src/restricted_token_utils.h" #include "sandbox/win/src/sandbox_rand.h" #include "sandbox/win/src/win_utils.h" namespace { // API defined in libloaderapi.h >= Win8. using SetDefaultDllDirectoriesFunction = decltype(&SetDefaultDllDirectories); // APIs defined in processthreadsapi.h >= Win8. using SetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction = decltype(&SetProcessMitigationPolicy); using GetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction = decltype(&GetProcessMitigationPolicy); using SetThreadInformationFunction = decltype(&SetThreadInformation); // Returns a two-element array of mitigation flags supported on this machine. // - This function is only useful on >= base::win::Version::WIN8. const ULONG64* GetSupportedMitigations() { static ULONG64 mitigations[2] = {}; // This static variable will only be initialized once. if (!mitigations[0] && !mitigations[1]) { GetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction get_process_mitigation_policy = reinterpret_cast(::GetProcAddress( ::GetModuleHandleA("kernel32.dll"), "GetProcessMitigationPolicy")); if (get_process_mitigation_policy) { // NOTE: the two-element-sized input array is only supported on >= Win10 // RS2. // If an earlier version, the second element will be left 0. size_t mits_size = (base::win::GetVersion() >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS2) ? (sizeof(mitigations[0]) * 2) : sizeof(mitigations[0]); if (!get_process_mitigation_policy(::GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessMitigationOptionsMask, &mitigations, mits_size)) { NOTREACHED(); } } } return &mitigations[0]; } // Returns true if this is 32-bit Chrome running on ARM64 with emulation. // Needed because ACG does not work with emulated code. // See // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/porting/apps-on-arm-troubleshooting-x86. // See https://crbug.com/977723. // TODO(wfh): Move this code into base. See https://crbug.com/978257. bool IsRunning32bitEmulatedOnArm64() { #if defined(ARCH_CPU_X86) using IsWow64Process2Function = decltype(&IsWow64Process2); IsWow64Process2Function is_wow64_process2 = reinterpret_cast(::GetProcAddress( ::GetModuleHandleA("kernel32.dll"), "IsWow64Process2")); if (!is_wow64_process2) return false; USHORT process_machine; USHORT native_machine; bool retval = is_wow64_process2(::GetCurrentProcess(), &process_machine, &native_machine); if (!retval) return false; if (native_machine == IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ARM64) return true; #endif // defined(ARCH_CPU_X86) return false; } } // namespace namespace sandbox { bool ApplyProcessMitigationsToCurrentProcess(MitigationFlags flags) { if (!CanSetProcessMitigationsPostStartup(flags)) return false; base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion(); HMODULE module = ::GetModuleHandleA("kernel32.dll"); if (flags & MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER) { SetDefaultDllDirectoriesFunction set_default_dll_directories = reinterpret_cast( ::GetProcAddress(module, "SetDefaultDllDirectories")); // Check for SetDefaultDllDirectories since it requires KB2533623. if (set_default_dll_directories) { #if defined(COMPONENT_BUILD) const DWORD directory_flags = LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DEFAULT_DIRS; #else // In a non-component build, all DLLs will be loaded manually, or via // manifest definition, so these flags can be stronger. This prevents DLL // planting in the application directory. const DWORD directory_flags = LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32 | LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS; #endif if (!set_default_dll_directories(directory_flags) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } } // Set the heap to terminate on corruption if (flags & MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE) { if (!::HeapSetInformation(nullptr, HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption, nullptr, 0) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } if (flags & MITIGATION_HARDEN_TOKEN_IL_POLICY) { DWORD error = HardenProcessIntegrityLevelPolicy(); if ((error != ERROR_SUCCESS) && (error != ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) return false; } #if !defined(_WIN64) // DEP is always enabled on 64-bit. if (flags & MITIGATION_DEP) { DWORD dep_flags = PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE; if (flags & MITIGATION_DEP_NO_ATL_THUNK) dep_flags |= PROCESS_DEP_DISABLE_ATL_THUNK_EMULATION; if (!::SetProcessDEPPolicy(dep_flags) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } #endif // This is all we can do in Win7 and below. if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8) return true; SetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction set_process_mitigation_policy = reinterpret_cast( ::GetProcAddress(module, "SetProcessMitigationPolicy")); if (!set_process_mitigation_policy) return false; // Enable ASLR policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE) { PROCESS_MITIGATION_ASLR_POLICY policy = {}; policy.EnableForceRelocateImages = true; policy.DisallowStrippedImages = (flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED) == MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED; if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessASLRPolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } // Enable strict handle policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS) { PROCESS_MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECK_POLICY policy = {}; policy.HandleExceptionsPermanentlyEnabled = policy.RaiseExceptionOnInvalidHandleReference = true; if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessStrictHandleCheckPolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } // Enable system call policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_WIN32K_DISABLE) { PROCESS_MITIGATION_SYSTEM_CALL_DISABLE_POLICY policy = {}; policy.DisallowWin32kSystemCalls = true; if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessSystemCallDisablePolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } // Enable extension point policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE) { PROCESS_MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE_POLICY policy = {}; policy.DisableExtensionPoints = true; if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessExtensionPointDisablePolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8_1) return true; // Enable dynamic code policies. if (!IsRunning32bitEmulatedOnArm64() && (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE)) { // Verify caller is not accidentally setting both mutually exclusive // policies. DCHECK(!(flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT)); PROCESS_MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_POLICY policy = {}; policy.ProhibitDynamicCode = true; if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessDynamicCodePolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10) return true; // Enable font policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_NONSYSTEM_FONT_DISABLE) { PROCESS_MITIGATION_FONT_DISABLE_POLICY policy = {}; policy.DisableNonSystemFonts = true; if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessFontDisablePolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10_TH2) return true; // Enable binary signing policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_FORCE_MS_SIGNED_BINS) { PROCESS_MITIGATION_BINARY_SIGNATURE_POLICY policy = {}; // Allow only MS signed binaries. policy.MicrosoftSignedOnly = true; // NOTE: there are two other flags available to allow // 1) Only Windows Store signed. // 2) MS-signed, Win Store signed, and WHQL signed binaries. // Support not added at the moment. if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessSignaturePolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } // Enable image load policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE || flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL || flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32) { PROCESS_MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_POLICY policy = {}; if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE) policy.NoRemoteImages = true; if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL) policy.NoLowMandatoryLabelImages = true; // PreferSystem32 is only supported on >= Anniversary. if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1 && flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32) { policy.PreferSystem32Images = true; } if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessImageLoadPolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1) return true; // Enable dynamic code policies. // Per-thread opt-out is only supported on >= Anniversary (RS1). if (!IsRunning32bitEmulatedOnArm64() && (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT)) { // Verify caller is not accidentally setting both mutually exclusive // policies. DCHECK(!(flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE)); PROCESS_MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_POLICY policy = {}; policy.ProhibitDynamicCode = true; policy.AllowThreadOptOut = true; if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessDynamicCodePolicy, &policy, sizeof(policy)) && ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) { return false; } } return true; } bool ApplyMitigationsToCurrentThread(MitigationFlags flags) { if (!CanSetMitigationsPerThread(flags)) return false; base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion(); if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1) return true; // Enable dynamic code per-thread policies. if (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_OPT_OUT_THIS_THREAD) { DWORD thread_policy = THREAD_DYNAMIC_CODE_ALLOW; // NOTE: SetThreadInformation API only exists on >= Win8. Dynamically // get function handle. base::ScopedNativeLibrary dll(base::FilePath(L"kernel32.dll")); if (!dll.is_valid()) return false; SetThreadInformationFunction set_thread_info_function = reinterpret_cast( dll.GetFunctionPointer("SetThreadInformation")); if (!set_thread_info_function) return false; // NOTE: Must use the pseudo-handle here, a thread HANDLE won't work. if (!set_thread_info_function(::GetCurrentThread(), ThreadDynamicCodePolicy, &thread_policy, sizeof(thread_policy))) { return false; } } return true; } void ConvertProcessMitigationsToPolicy(MitigationFlags flags, DWORD64* policy_flags, size_t* size) { base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion(); // |policy_flags| is a two-element array of DWORD64s. Ensure mitigation flags // from PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_* go into the second value. If // any flags are set in value 2, update |size| to include both elements. DWORD64* policy_value_1 = &policy_flags[0]; DWORD64* policy_value_2 = &policy_flags[1]; *policy_value_1 = 0; *policy_value_2 = 0; #if defined(_WIN64) *size = sizeof(*policy_flags); #elif defined(_M_IX86) // A 64-bit flags attribute is illegal on 32-bit Win 7. if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8) *size = sizeof(DWORD); else *size = sizeof(*policy_flags); #else #error This platform is not supported. #endif // DEP and SEHOP are not valid for 64-bit Windows #if !defined(_WIN64) if (flags & MITIGATION_DEP) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_DEP_ENABLE; if (!(flags & MITIGATION_DEP_NO_ATL_THUNK)) *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_DEP_ATL_THUNK_ENABLE; } if (flags & MITIGATION_SEHOP) *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_SEHOP_ENABLE; #endif // Win 7 if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8) return; // Everything >= Win8, do not return before the end of the function where // the final policy bitmap is sanity checked against what is supported on this // machine. The API required to do so is only available since Win8. // Mitigations >= Win8: //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN8) { if (flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_FORCE_RELOCATE_IMAGES_ALWAYS_ON; if (flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_FORCE_RELOCATE_IMAGES_ALWAYS_ON_REQ_RELOCS; } } if (flags & MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_HEAP_TERMINATE_ALWAYS_ON; } if (flags & MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR_ALWAYS_ON; } if (flags & MITIGATION_HIGH_ENTROPY_ASLR) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_HIGH_ENTROPY_ASLR_ALWAYS_ON; } if (flags & MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS_ALWAYS_ON; } if (flags & MITIGATION_WIN32K_DISABLE) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_WIN32K_SYSTEM_CALL_DISABLE_ALWAYS_ON; } if (flags & MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE_ALWAYS_ON; } } // Mitigations >= Win8.1: //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN8_1) { if (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_PROHIBIT_DYNAMIC_CODE_ALWAYS_ON; } } // Mitigations >= Win10: //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10) { if (flags & MITIGATION_NONSYSTEM_FONT_DISABLE) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_FONT_DISABLE_ALWAYS_ON; } } // Mitigations >= Win10 TH2: //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_TH2) { if (flags & MITIGATION_FORCE_MS_SIGNED_BINS) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_BLOCK_NON_MICROSOFT_BINARIES_ALWAYS_ON; } if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE_ALWAYS_ON; } if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL_ALWAYS_ON; } } // Mitigations >= Win10 RS1 ("Anniversary"): //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1) { if (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_PROHIBIT_DYNAMIC_CODE_ALWAYS_ON_ALLOW_OPT_OUT; } if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32) { *policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYSTEM32_ALWAYS_ON; } } // Mitigations >= Win10 RS3 ("Fall Creator's"): //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS3) { // Note: This mitigation requires not only Win10 1709, but also the January // 2018 security updates and any applicable firmware updates from the // OEM device manufacturer. // Note: Applying this mitigation attribute on creation will succeed, even // if // the underlying hardware does not support the implementation. // Windows just does its best under the hood for the given hardware. if (flags & MITIGATION_RESTRICT_INDIRECT_BRANCH_PREDICTION) { *policy_value_2 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_RESTRICT_INDIRECT_BRANCH_PREDICTION_ALWAYS_ON; } } // When done setting policy flags, sanity check supported policies on this // machine, and then update |size|. const ULONG64* supported = GetSupportedMitigations(); *policy_value_1 = *policy_value_1 & supported[0]; *policy_value_2 = *policy_value_2 & supported[1]; // Only include the second element in |size| if it is non-zero. Else, // UpdateProcThreadAttribute() will return a failure when setting policies. if (*policy_value_2 && version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS2) { *size = sizeof(*policy_flags) * 2; } return; } MitigationFlags FilterPostStartupProcessMitigations(MitigationFlags flags) { base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion(); // Windows 7. if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8) { return flags & (MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR | MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER | MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE); } // Windows 8 and above. return flags & (MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR | MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER); } bool ApplyProcessMitigationsToSuspendedProcess(HANDLE process, MitigationFlags flags) { // This is a hack to fake a weak bottom-up ASLR on 32-bit Windows. #if !defined(_WIN64) if (flags & MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR) { unsigned int limit; GetRandom(&limit); char* ptr = 0; const size_t kMask64k = 0xFFFF; // Random range (512k-16.5mb) in 64k steps. const char* end = ptr + ((((limit % 16384) + 512) * 1024) & ~kMask64k); while (ptr < end) { MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memory_info; if (!::VirtualQueryEx(process, ptr, &memory_info, sizeof(memory_info))) break; size_t size = std::min((memory_info.RegionSize + kMask64k) & ~kMask64k, static_cast(end - ptr)); if (ptr && memory_info.State == MEM_FREE) ::VirtualAllocEx(process, ptr, size, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_NOACCESS); ptr += size; } } #endif return true; } MitigationFlags GetAllowedPostStartupProcessMitigations() { return MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE | MITIGATION_DEP | MITIGATION_DEP_NO_ATL_THUNK | MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE | MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED | MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR | MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS | MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE | MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER | MITIGATION_HARDEN_TOKEN_IL_POLICY | MITIGATION_WIN32K_DISABLE | MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE | MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT | MITIGATION_FORCE_MS_SIGNED_BINS | MITIGATION_NONSYSTEM_FONT_DISABLE | MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE | MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL | MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32; } bool CanSetProcessMitigationsPostStartup(MitigationFlags flags) { // All of these mitigations can be enabled after startup. return !(flags & ~GetAllowedPostStartupProcessMitigations()); } bool CanSetProcessMitigationsPreStartup(MitigationFlags flags) { // These mitigations cannot be enabled prior to startup. return !(flags & (MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS | MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER)); } bool CanSetMitigationsPerThread(MitigationFlags flags) { // If any flags EXCEPT these are set, fail. if (flags & ~(MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_OPT_OUT_THIS_THREAD)) return false; return true; } } // namespace sandbox