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// Copyright (c) 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// This file defines some bit utilities.
#ifndef BASE_BITS_H_
#define BASE_BITS_H_
#include <limits.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <type_traits>
#include "base/check.h"
#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
namespace base {
namespace bits {
// Returns true iff |value| is a power of 2.
//
// TODO(pkasting): When C++20 is available, replace with std::has_single_bit().
template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
constexpr bool IsPowerOfTwo(T value) {
// From "Hacker's Delight": Section 2.1 Manipulating Rightmost Bits.
//
// Only positive integers with a single bit set are powers of two. If only one
// bit is set in x (e.g. 0b00000100000000) then |x-1| will have that bit set
// to zero and all bits to its right set to 1 (e.g. 0b00000011111111). Hence
// |x & (x-1)| is 0 iff x is a power of two.
return value > 0 && (value & (value - 1)) == 0;
}
// Round down |size| to a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two.
template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>>>
constexpr T AlignDown(T size, T alignment) {
DCHECK(IsPowerOfTwo(alignment));
return size & ~(alignment - 1);
}
// Move |ptr| back to the previous multiple of alignment, which must be a power
// of two. Defined for types where sizeof(T) is one byte.
template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 1>::type>
inline T* AlignDown(T* ptr, uintptr_t alignment) {
return reinterpret_cast<T*>(
AlignDown(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr), alignment));
}
// Round up |size| to a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two.
template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>>>
constexpr T AlignUp(T size, T alignment) {
DCHECK(IsPowerOfTwo(alignment));
return (size + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}
// Advance |ptr| to the next multiple of alignment, which must be a power of
// two. Defined for types where sizeof(T) is one byte.
template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 1>::type>
inline T* AlignUp(T* ptr, uintptr_t alignment) {
return reinterpret_cast<T*>(
AlignUp(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr), alignment));
}
// CountLeadingZeroBits(value) returns the number of zero bits following the
// most significant 1 bit in |value| if |value| is non-zero, otherwise it
// returns {sizeof(T) * 8}.
// Example: 00100010 -> 2
//
// CountTrailingZeroBits(value) returns the number of zero bits preceding the
// least significant 1 bit in |value| if |value| is non-zero, otherwise it
// returns {sizeof(T) * 8}.
// Example: 00100010 -> 1
//
// C does not have an operator to do this, but fortunately the various
// compilers have built-ins that map to fast underlying processor instructions.
//
// TODO(pkasting): When C++20 is available, replace with std::countl_zero() and
// similar.
// __builtin_clz has undefined behaviour for an input of 0, even though there's
// clearly a return value that makes sense, and even though some processor clz
// instructions have defined behaviour for 0. We could drop to raw __asm__ to
// do better, but we'll avoid doing that unless we see proof that we need to.
#if defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && !defined(__clang__)
template <typename T, unsigned bits = sizeof(T) * 8>
ALWAYS_INLINE
typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value && sizeof(T) <= 4,
unsigned>::type
CountLeadingZeroBits(T x) {
static_assert(bits > 0, "invalid instantiation");
unsigned long index;
return LIKELY(_BitScanReverse(&index, static_cast<uint32_t>(x)))
? (31 - index - (32 - bits))
: bits;
}
template <typename T, unsigned bits = sizeof(T) * 8>
ALWAYS_INLINE
typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value && sizeof(T) == 8,
unsigned>::type
CountLeadingZeroBits(T x) {
static_assert(bits > 0, "invalid instantiation");
unsigned long index;
// MSVC only supplies _BitScanReverse64 when building for a 64-bit target.
#if defined(ARCH_CPU_64_BITS)
return LIKELY(_BitScanReverse64(&index, static_cast<uint64_t>(x)))
? (63 - index)
: 64;
#else
uint32_t left = static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32);
if (LIKELY(_BitScanReverse(&index, left)))
return 31 - index;
uint32_t right = static_cast<uint32_t>(x);
if (LIKELY(_BitScanReverse(&index, right)))
return 63 - index;
return 64;
#endif
}
template <typename T, unsigned bits = sizeof(T) * 8>
ALWAYS_INLINE
typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value && sizeof(T) <= 4,
unsigned>::type
CountTrailingZeroBits(T x) {
static_assert(bits > 0, "invalid instantiation");
unsigned long index;
return LIKELY(_BitScanForward(&index, static_cast<uint32_t>(x))) ? index
: bits;
}
template <typename T, unsigned bits = sizeof(T) * 8>
ALWAYS_INLINE
typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value && sizeof(T) == 8,
unsigned>::type
CountTrailingZeroBits(T x) {
static_assert(bits > 0, "invalid instantiation");
unsigned long index;
// MSVC only supplies _BitScanForward64 when building for a 64-bit target.
#if defined(ARCH_CPU_64_BITS)
return LIKELY(_BitScanForward64(&index, static_cast<uint64_t>(x))) ? index
: 64;
#else
uint32_t right = static_cast<uint32_t>(x);
if (LIKELY(_BitScanForward(&index, right)))
return index;
uint32_t left = static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32);
if (LIKELY(_BitScanForward(&index, left)))
return 32 + index;
return 64;
#endif
}
#elif defined(COMPILER_GCC) || defined(__clang__)
template <typename T, int bits = sizeof(T) * 8>
ALWAYS_INLINE constexpr
typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value && sizeof(T) <= 8,
int>::type
CountLeadingZeroBits(T value) {
static_assert(bits > 0, "invalid instantiation");
return LIKELY(value)
? bits == 64
? __builtin_clzll(static_cast<uint64_t>(value))
: __builtin_clz(static_cast<uint32_t>(value)) - (32 - bits)
: bits;
}
template <typename T, int bits = sizeof(T) * 8>
ALWAYS_INLINE constexpr
typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value && sizeof(T) <= 8,
int>::type
CountTrailingZeroBits(T value) {
return LIKELY(value) ? bits == 64
? __builtin_ctzll(static_cast<uint64_t>(value))
: __builtin_ctz(static_cast<uint32_t>(value))
: bits;
}
#endif
// Returns the integer i such as 2^i <= n < 2^(i+1).
//
// There is a common `BitLength` function, which returns the number of bits
// required to represent a value. Rather than implement that function,
// use `Log2Floor` and add 1 to the result.
//
// TODO(pkasting): When C++20 is available, replace with std::bit_xxx().
#if defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && !defined(__clang__)
inline int Log2Floor(uint32_t n) {
#else
constexpr int Log2Floor(uint32_t n) {
#endif
return 31 - CountLeadingZeroBits(n);
}
// Returns the integer i such as 2^(i-1) < n <= 2^i.
#if defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && !defined(__clang__)
inline int Log2Ceiling(uint32_t n) {
#else
constexpr int Log2Ceiling(uint32_t n) {
#endif
// When n == 0, we want the function to return -1.
// When n == 0, (n - 1) will underflow to 0xFFFFFFFF, which is
// why the statement below starts with (n ? 32 : -1).
return (n ? 32 : -1) - CountLeadingZeroBits(n - 1);
}
// Returns a value of type T with a single bit set in the left-most position.
// Can be used instead of manually shifting a 1 to the left.
template <typename T>
constexpr T LeftmostBit() {
static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value,
"This function can only be used with integral types.");
T one(1u);
return one << ((CHAR_BIT * sizeof(T) - 1));
}
} // namespace bits
} // namespace base
#endif // BASE_BITS_H_
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