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diff --git a/doc/readline.info b/doc/readline.info index f4882e9..3e44460 100644 --- a/doc/readline.info +++ b/doc/readline.info @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ This is Info file readline.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the -input file rlman.texinfo. +input file /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-2.1/doc/rlman.texinfo. This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that @@ -22,53 +22,2744 @@ versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. -Indirect: -readline.info-1: 1000 -readline.info-2: 50467 +File: readline.info, Node: Top, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: (DIR), Up: (DIR) + +GNU Readline Library +******************** + + This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which +aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that +need to provide a command line interface. + +* Menu: + +* Command Line Editing:: GNU Readline User's Manual. +* Programming with GNU Readline:: GNU Readline Programmer's Manual. +* Concept Index:: Index of concepts described in this manual. +* Function and Variable Index:: Index of externally visible functions + and variables. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Command Line Editing, Next: Programming with GNU Readline, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +Command Line Editing +******************** + + This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU command line +editing interface. + +* Menu: + +* Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. +* Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. +* Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. +* Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands + available for binding +* Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline + behave like the vi editor. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Introduction and Notation, Next: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +Introduction to Line Editing +============================ + + The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent +keystrokes. + + The text C-k is read as `Control-K' and describes the character +produced when the k key is pressed while the Control key is depressed. + + The text M-k is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character +produced when the meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the k +key is pressed. If you do not have a meta key, the identical keystroke +can be generated by typing ESC first, and then typing k. Either +process is known as "metafying" the k key. + + The text M-C-k is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the +character produced by "metafying" C-k. + + In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, DEL, +ESC, LFD, SPC, RET, and TAB all stand for themselves when seen in this +text, or in an init file (*note Readline Init File::.). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Interaction, Next: Readline Init File, Prev: Introduction and Notation, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline Interaction +==================== + + Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, +only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The +Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text +as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing +you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, +you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or +insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with +the line, you simply press RETURN. You do not have to be at the end of +the line to press RETURN; the entire line is accepted regardless of the +location of the cursor within the line. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. +* Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. +* Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! +* Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands. +* Searching:: Searching through previous lines. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Bare Essentials, Next: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Bare Essentials +------------------------ + + In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The +typed character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves +one space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your +erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. + + Sometimes you may miss typing a character that you wanted to type, +and not notice your error until you have typed several other +characters. In that case, you can type C-b to move the cursor to the +left, and then correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the +cursor to the right with C-f. + + When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that +characters to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room +for the text that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text +behind the cursor, characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled +back' to fill in the blank space created by the removal of the text. A +list of the basic bare essentials for editing the text of an input line +follows. + +C-b + Move back one character. + +C-f + Move forward one character. + +DEL + Delete the character to the left of the cursor. + +C-d + Delete the character underneath the cursor. + +Printing characters + Insert the character into the line at the cursor. + +C-_ + Undo the last thing that you did. You can undo all the way back + to an empty line. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Movement Commands, Next: Readline Killing Commands, Prev: Readline Bare Essentials, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Movement Commands +-------------------------- + + The above table describes the most basic possible keystrokes that +you need in order to do editing of the input line. For your +convenience, many other commands have been added in addition to C-b, +C-f, C-d, and DEL. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly +about the line. + +C-a + Move to the start of the line. + +C-e + Move to the end of the line. + +M-f + Move forward a word. + +M-b + Move backward a word. + +C-l + Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. + + Notice how C-f moves forward a character, while M-f moves forward a +word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes operate on +characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Killing Commands, Next: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Killing Commands +------------------------- + + "Killing" text means to delete the text from the line, but to save +it away for later use, usually by "yanking" (re-inserting) it back into +the line. If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, +then you can be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or +the same) place later. + + When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a "kill-ring". +Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so +that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line +specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is +available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. + + Here is the list of commands for killing text. + +C-k + Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the + line. + +M-d + Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. + +M-DEL + Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or if between + words, to the start of the previous word. + +C-w + Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is + different than M-DEL because the word boundaries differ. + + And, here is how to "yank" the text back into the line. Yanking +means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. + +C-y + Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the + cursor. + +M-y + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is C-y or M-y. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Arguments, Next: Searching, Prev: Readline Killing Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Arguments +------------------ + + You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the +argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the sign of the +argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a +command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will +act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the +start of the line, you might type `M-- C-k'. + + The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type +meta digits before the command. If the first `digit' you type is a +minus sign (-), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once +you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type +the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give +the C-d command an argument of 10, you could type `M-1 0 C-d'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Searching, Prev: Readline Arguments, Up: Readline Interaction + +Searching for Commands in the History +------------------------------------- + + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history +for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: +iNCREMENTAL and NON-INCREMENTAL. + + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the +search string. As each character of the search string is typed, +readline displays the next entry from the history matching the string +typed so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters +as needed to find the desired history entry. The Escape character is +used to terminate an incremental search. Control-J will also terminate +the search. Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the +original line. When the search is terminated, the history entry +containing the search string becomes the current line. To find other +matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R as +appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the history for +the next entry matching the search string typed so far. Any other key +sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and +execute that command. For instance, a `newline' will terminate the +search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the +history list. + + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before +starting to search for matching history lines. The search string may be +typed by the user or part of the contents of the current line. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init File, Next: Bindable Readline Commands, Prev: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline Init File +================== + + Although the Readline library comes with a set of `emacs'-like +keybindings installed by default, it is possible that you would like to +use a different set of keybindings. You can customize programs that +use Readline by putting commands in an "inputrc" file in your home +directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the +environment variable `INPUTRC'. If that variable is unset, the default +is `~/.inputrc'. + + When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the init +file is read, and the key bindings are set. + + In addition, the `C-x C-r' command re-reads this init file, thus +incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Init File Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. + +* Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file. + +* Sample Init File:: An example inputrc file. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init File Syntax, Next: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +Readline Init File Syntax +------------------------- + + There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init +file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a `#' are +comments. Lines beginning with a `$' indicate conditional constructs +(*note Conditional Init Constructs::.). Other lines denote variable +settings and key bindings. + +Variable Settings + You can change the state of a few variables in Readline by using + the `set' command within the init file. Here is how you would + specify that you wish to use `vi' line editing commands: + + set editing-mode vi + + Right now, there are only a few variables which can be set; so + few, in fact, that we just list them here: + + `bell-style' + Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the + terminal bell. If set to `none', Readline never rings the + bell. If set to `visible', Readline uses a visible bell if + one is available. If set to `audible' (the default), + Readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. + + `comment-begin' + The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the + `insert-comment' command is executed. The default value is + `"#"'. + + `completion-query-items' + The number of possible completions that determines when the + user is asked whether he wants to see the list of + possibilities. If the number of possible completions is + greater than this value, Readline will ask the user whether + or not he wishes to view them; otherwise, they are simply + listed. The default limit is `100'. + + `convert-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will convert characters with the + eigth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eigth + bit and prepending an ESC character, converting them to a + meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is `on'. + + `disable-completion' + If set to `On', readline will inhibit word completion. + Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if + they had been mapped to `self-insert'. The default is `off'. + + `editing-mode' + The `editing-mode' variable controls which editing mode you + are using. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing + mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This + variable can be set to either `emacs' or `vi'. + + `enable-keypad' + When set to `on', readline will try to enable the application + keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable + the arrow keys. The default is `off'. + + `expand-tilde' + If set to `on', tilde expansion is performed when Readline + attempts word completion. The default is `off'. + + `horizontal-scroll-mode' + This variable can be set to either `on' or `off'. Setting it + to `on' means that the text of the lines that you edit will + scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are + longer than the width of the screen, instead of wrapping onto + a new screen line. By default, this variable is set to `off'. + + `keymap' + Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding + commands. Acceptable `keymap' names are `emacs', + `emacs-standard', `emacs-meta', `emacs-ctlx', `vi', + `vi-command', and `vi-insert'. `vi' is equivalent to + `vi-command'; `emacs' is equivalent to `emacs-standard'. The + default value is `emacs'. The value of the `editing-mode' + variable also affects the default keymap. + + `mark-directories' + If set to `on', completed directory names have a slash + appended. The default is `on'. + + `mark-modified-lines' + This variable, when set to `on', says to display an asterisk + (`*') at the start of history lines which have been modified. + This variable is `off' by default. + + `input-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will + not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), + regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The + default value is `off'. The name `meta-flag' is a synonym + for this variable. + + `output-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will display characters with the + eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape + sequence. The default is `off'. + + `show-all-if-ambiguous' + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + If set to `on', words which have more than one possible + completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead + of ringing the bell. The default value is `off'. + + `visible-stats' + If set to `on', a character denoting a file's type is + appended to the filename when listing possible completions. + The default is `off'. + +Key Bindings + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is + simple. First you have to know the name of the command that you + want to change. The following pages contain tables of the command + name, the default keybinding, and a short description of what the + command does. + + Once you know the name of the command, simply place the name of + the key you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the + name of the command on a line in the init file. The name of the + key can be expressed in different ways, depending on which is most + comfortable for you. + + KEYNAME: FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYNAME is the name of a key spelled out in English. For + example: + Control-u: universal-argument + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + Control-o: "> output" + + In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function + `universal-argument', and `C-o' is bound to run the macro + expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text + `> output' into the line). + + "KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an + entire key sequence can be specified, by placing the key + sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes + can be used, as in the following example, but the special + character names are not recognized. + + "\C-u": universal-argument + "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file + "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" + + In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function + `universal-argument' (just as it was in the first example), + `C-x C-r' is bound to the function `re-read-init-file', and + `ESC [ 1 1 ~' is bound to insert the text `Function Key 1'. + The following escape sequences are available when specifying + key sequences: + + ``\C-'' + control prefix + + ``\M-'' + meta prefix + + ``\e'' + an escape character + + ``\\'' + backslash + + ``\"'' + " + + ``\''' + ' + + When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes + should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text + is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any + character in the macro text, including `"' and `''. For + example, the following binding will make `C-x \' insert a + single `\' into the line: + "\C-x\\": "\\" + + +File: readline.info, Node: Conditional Init Constructs, Next: Sample Init File, Prev: Readline Init File Syntax, Up: Readline Init File + +Conditional Init Constructs +--------------------------- + + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional +compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings +and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There +are three parser directives used. + +`$if' + The `$if' construct allows bindings to be made based on the + editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no + characters are required to isolate it. + + `mode' + The `mode=' form of the `$if' directive is used to test + whether Readline is in `emacs' or `vi' mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the `set keymap' command, for + instance, to set bindings in the `emacs-standard' and + `emacs-ctlx' keymaps only if Readline is starting out in + `emacs' mode. + + `term' + The `term=' form may be used to include terminal-specific key + bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the + terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the + `=' is tested against the full name of the terminal and the + portion of the terminal name before the first `-'. This + allows `sun' to match both `sun' and `sun-cmd', for instance. + + `application' + The APPLICATION construct is used to include + application-specific settings. Each program using the + Readline library sets the APPLICATION NAME, and you can test + for it. This could be used to bind key sequences to + functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the + following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current + or previous word in Bash: + $if Bash + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + $endif + +`$endif' + This command, as you saw in the previous example, terminates an + `$if' command. + +`$else' + Commands in this branch of the `$if' directive are executed if the + test fails. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Sample Init File, Prev: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +Sample Init File +---------------- + + Here is an example of an inputrc file. This illustrates key +binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax. + + + # This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for + # programs that use the Gnu Readline library. Existing programs + # include FTP, Bash, and Gdb. + # + # You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r. + # Lines beginning with '#' are comments. + # + # Set various bindings for emacs mode. + + set editing-mode emacs + + $if mode=emacs + + Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored + + # + # Arrow keys in keypad mode + # + #"\M-OD": backward-char + #"\M-OC": forward-char + #"\M-OA": previous-history + #"\M-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in ANSI mode + # + "\M-[D": backward-char + "\M-[C": forward-char + "\M-[A": previous-history + "\M-[B": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode + # + #"\M-\C-OD": backward-char + #"\M-\C-OC": forward-char + #"\M-\C-OA": previous-history + #"\M-\C-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode + # + #"\M-\C-[D": backward-char + #"\M-\C-[C": forward-char + #"\M-\C-[A": previous-history + #"\M-\C-[B": next-history + + C-q: quoted-insert + + $endif + + # An old-style binding. This happens to be the default. + TAB: complete + + # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction + $if Bash + # edit the path + "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" + # prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double quotes + # and move to just after the open quote + "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" + # insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes in sequences and macros) + "\C-x\\": "\\" + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + # Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound + "\C-xr": redraw-current-line + # Edit variable on current line. + "\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y=" + $endif + + # use a visible bell if one is available + set bell-style visible + + # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading + set input-meta on + + # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather than converted to + # prefix-meta sequences + set convert-meta off + + # display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than + # as meta-prefixed characters + set output-meta on + + # if there are more than 150 possible completions for a word, ask the + # user if he wants to see all of them + set completion-query-items 150 + + # For FTP + $if Ftp + "\C-xg": "get \M-?" + "\C-xt": "put \M-?" + "\M-.": yank-last-arg + $endif + + +File: readline.info, Node: Bindable Readline Commands, Next: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Readline Init File, Up: Command Line Editing + +Bindable Readline Commands +========================== + +* Menu: + +* Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. +* Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. +* Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. +* Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. +* Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. +* Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. +* Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters +* Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands. + + This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key +sequences. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Moving +------------------- + +`beginning-of-line (C-a)' + Move to the start of the current line. + +`end-of-line (C-e)' + Move to the end of the line. + +`forward-char (C-f)' + Move forward a character. + +`backward-char (C-b)' + Move back a character. + +`forward-word (M-f)' + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of + letters and digits. + +`backward-word (M-b)' + Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are + composed of letters and digits. + +`clear-screen (C-l)' + Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current + line at the top of the screen. + +`redraw-current-line ()' + Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: Commands For Moving, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Manipulating The History +------------------------------------- + +`accept-line (Newline, Return)' + Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is + non-empty, add it to the history list. If this line was a history + line, then restore the history line to its original state. + +`previous-history (C-p)' + Move `up' through the history list. + +`next-history (C-n)' + Move `down' through the history list. + +`beginning-of-history (M-<)' + Move to the first line in the history. + +`end-of-history (M->)' + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line you are + entering. + +`reverse-search-history (C-r)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + +`forward-search-history (C-s)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental + search. + +`non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search + for a string supplied by the user. + +`non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search + for a string supplied by the user. + +`history-search-forward ()' + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the current cursor + position (the `point'). This is a non-incremental search. By + default, this command is unbound. + +`history-search-backward ()' + Search backward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +`yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)' + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + second word on the previous line). With an argument N, insert the + Nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous + command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the Nth + word from the end of the previous command. + +`yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)' + Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the + previous history entry). With an argument, behave exactly like + `yank-nth-arg'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Changing Text +-------------------------- + +`delete-char (C-d)' + Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the + beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and + the last character typed was not `C-d', then return `EOF'. + +`backward-delete-char (Rubout)' + Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric arg says to kill + the characters instead of deleting them. + +`quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)' + Add the next character that you type to the line verbatim. This is + how to insert key sequences like C-q, for example. + +`tab-insert (M-TAB)' + Insert a tab character. + +`self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)' + Insert yourself. + +`transpose-chars (C-t)' + Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at + the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion + point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the last two + characters of the line. Negative argumentss don't work. + +`transpose-words (M-t)' + Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the + cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. + +`upcase-word (M-u)' + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +`downcase-word (M-l)' + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +`capitalize-word (M-c)' + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev: Commands For Text, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Killing And Yanking +------------------- + +`kill-line (C-k)' + Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the + line. + +`backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)' + Kill backward to the beginning of the line. + +`unix-line-discard (C-u)' + Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. + Save the killed text on the kill-ring. + +`kill-whole-line ()' + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the + cursor is. By default, this is unbound. + +`kill-word (M-d)' + Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same + as `forward-word'. + +`backward-kill-word (M-DEL)' + Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as + `backward-word'. + +`unix-word-rubout (C-w)' + Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word + boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. + +`delete-horizontal-space ()' + Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is + unbound. + +`kill-region ()' + Kill the text between the point and the *mark* (saved cursor + position. This text is referred to as the REGION. By default, + this command is unbound. + +`copy-region-as-kill ()' + Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so you can yank it + right away. By default, this command is unbound. + +`copy-backward-word ()' + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. By default, this + command is unbound. + +`copy-forward-word ()' + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. By default, + this command is unbound. + +`yank (C-y)' + Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current + cursor position. + +`yank-pop (M-y)' + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is yank or yank-pop. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Numeric Arguments, Next: Commands For Completion, Prev: Commands For Killing, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Specifying Numeric Arguments +---------------------------- + +`digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--)' + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new + argument. M- starts a negative argument. + +`universal-argument ()' + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is + followed by digits, executing `universal-argument' again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if + this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument + count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so + on. By default, this is not bound to a key. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Prev: Numeric Arguments, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Letting Readline Type For You +----------------------------- + +`complete (TAB)' + Attempt to do completion on the text before the cursor. This is + application-specific. Generally, if you are typing a filename + argument, you can do filename completion; if you are typing a + command, you can do command completion, if you are typing in a + symbol to GDB, you can do symbol name completion, if you are + typing in a variable to Bash, you can do variable name completion, + and so on. + +`possible-completions (M-?)' + List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. + +`insert-completions (M-*)' + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + been generated by `possible-completions'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Keyboard Macros, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Commands For Completion, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Keyboard Macros +--------------- + +`start-kbd-macro (C-x ()' + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. + +`end-kbd-macro (C-x ))' + Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro + and save the definition. + +`call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)' + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the + characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Some Miscellaneous Commands +--------------------------- + +`re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)' + Read in the contents of the inputrc file, and incorporate any + bindings or variable assignments found there. + +`abort (C-g)' + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + (subject to the setting of `bell-style'). + +`do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...)' + If the metafied character X is lowercase, run the command that is + bound to the corresponding uppercase character. + +`prefix-meta (ESC)' + Make the next character that you type be metafied. This is for + people without a meta key. Typing `ESC f' is equivalent to typing + `M-f'. + +`undo (C-_, C-x C-u)' + Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. + +`revert-line (M-r)' + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typing the `undo' + command enough times to get back to the beginning. + +`tilde-expand (M-~)' + Perform tilde expansion on the current word. + +`set-mark (C-@)' + Set the mark to the current point. If a numeric argument is + supplied, the mark is set to that position. + +`exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)' + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set + to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the + mark. + +`character-search (C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of + that character. A negative count searches for previous + occurrences. + +`character-search-backward (M-C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence + of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent + occurrences. + +`insert-comment (M-#)' + The value of the `comment-begin' variable is inserted at the + beginning of the current line, and the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. + +`dump-functions ()' + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline + output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is + formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC + file. This command is unbound by default. + +`dump-variables ()' + Print all of the settable variables and their values to the + readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + INPUTRC file. This command is unbound by default. + +`dump-macros ()' + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they ouput. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output + is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC + file. This command is unbound by default. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Bindable Readline Commands, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline vi Mode +================ + + While the Readline library does not have a full set of `vi' editing +functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. +The Readline `vi' mode behaves as specified in the POSIX 1003.2 +standard. + + In order to switch interactively between `emacs' and `vi' editing +modes, use the command M-C-j (toggle-editing-mode). The Readline +default is `emacs' mode. + + When you enter a line in `vi' mode, you are already placed in +`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an `i'. Pressing ESC switches +you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with +the standard `vi' movement keys, move to previous history lines with +`k' and subsequent lines with `j', and so forth. + + This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for +aiding in the consitency of user interface across discrete programs +that need to provide a command line interface. + + Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a +translation approved by the Foundation. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Programming with GNU Readline, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top + +Programming with GNU Readline +***************************** + + This chapter describes the interface between the GNU Readline +Library and other programs. If you are a programmer, and you wish to +include the features found in GNU Readline such as completion, line +editing, and interactive history manipulation in your own programs, +this section is for you. + +* Menu: + +* Basic Behavior:: Using the default behavior of Readline. +* Custom Functions:: Adding your own functions to Readline. +* Readline Variables:: Variables accessible to custom + functions. +* Readline Convenience Functions:: Functions which Readline supplies to + aid in writing your own +* Custom Completers:: Supplanting or supplementing Readline's + completion functions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Basic Behavior, Next: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Basic Behavior +============== + + Many programs provide a command line interface, such as `mail', +`ftp', and `sh'. For such programs, the default behaviour of Readline +is sufficient. This section describes how to use Readline in the +simplest way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to +`gets()' or `fgets ()'. + + The function `readline ()' prints a prompt and then reads and returns +a single line of text from the user. The line `readline' returns is +allocated with `malloc ()'; you should `free ()' the line when you are +done with it. The declaration for `readline' in ANSI C is + + `char *readline (char *PROMPT);' + +So, one might say + `char *line = readline ("Enter a line: ");' + +in order to read a line of text from the user. The line returned has +the final newline removed, so only the text remains. + + If `readline' encounters an `EOF' while reading the line, and the +line is empty at that point, then `(char *)NULL' is returned. +Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed. + + If you want the user to be able to get at the line later, (with C-p +for example), you must call `add_history ()' to save the line away in a +"history" list of such lines. + + `add_history (line)'; + +For full details on the GNU History Library, see the associated manual. + + It is preferable to avoid saving empty lines on the history list, +since users rarely have a burning need to reuse a blank line. Here is +a function which usefully replaces the standard `gets ()' library +function, and has the advantage of no static buffer to overflow: + + /* A static variable for holding the line. */ + static char *line_read = (char *)NULL; + + /* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. Returns NULL on EOF. */ + char * + rl_gets () + { + /* If the buffer has already been allocated, return the memory + to the free pool. */ + if (line_read) + { + free (line_read); + line_read = (char *)NULL; + } + + /* Get a line from the user. */ + line_read = readline (""); + + /* If the line has any text in it, save it on the history. */ + if (line_read && *line_read) + add_history (line_read); + + return (line_read); + } + + This function gives the user the default behaviour of TAB +completion: completion on file names. If you do not want Readline to +complete on filenames, you can change the binding of the TAB key with +`rl_bind_key ()'. + + `int rl_bind_key (int KEY, int (*FUNCTION)());' + + `rl_bind_key ()' takes two arguments: KEY is the character that you +want to bind, and FUNCTION is the address of the function to call when +KEY is pressed. Binding TAB to `rl_insert ()' makes TAB insert itself. +`rl_bind_key ()' returns non-zero if KEY is not a valid ASCII character +code (between 0 and 255). + + Thus, to disable the default TAB behavior, the following suffices: + `rl_bind_key ('\t', rl_insert);' + + This code should be executed once at the start of your program; you +might write a function called `initialize_readline ()' which performs +this and other desired initializations, such as installing custom +completers (*note Custom Completers::.). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Custom Functions, Next: Readline Variables, Prev: Basic Behavior, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Custom Functions +================ + + Readline provides many functions for manipulating the text of the +line, but it isn't possible to anticipate the needs of all programs. +This section describes the various functions and variables defined +within the Readline library which allow a user program to add +customized functionality to Readline. + +* Menu: + +* The Function Type:: C declarations to make code readable. +* Function Writing:: Variables and calling conventions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: The Function Type, Next: Function Writing, Up: Custom Functions + +The Function Type +----------------- + + For readabilty, we declare a new type of object, called "Function". +A `Function' is a C function which returns an `int'. The type +declaration for `Function' is: + +`typedef int Function ();' + + The reason for declaring this new type is to make it easier to write +code describing pointers to C functions. Let us say we had a variable +called FUNC which was a pointer to a function. Instead of the classic +C declaration + + `int (*)()func;' + +we may write + + `Function *func;' + +Similarly, there are + + typedef void VFunction (); + typedef char *CPFunction (); and + typedef char **CPPFunction (); + +for functions returning no value, `pointer to char', and `pointer to +pointer to char', respectively. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function Writing, Prev: The Function Type, Up: Custom Functions + +Writing a New Function +---------------------- + + In order to write new functions for Readline, you need to know the +calling conventions for keyboard-invoked functions, and the names of the +variables that describe the current state of the line read so far. + + The calling sequence for a command `foo' looks like + + `foo (int count, int key)' + +where COUNT is the numeric argument (or 1 if defaulted) and KEY is the +key that invoked this function. + + It is completely up to the function as to what should be done with +the numeric argument. Some functions use it as a repeat count, some as +a flag, and others to choose alternate behavior (refreshing the current +line as opposed to refreshing the screen, for example). Some choose to +ignore it. In general, if a function uses the numeric argument as a +repeat count, it should be able to do something useful with both +negative and positive arguments. At the very least, it should be aware +that it can be passed a negative argument. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Variables, Next: Readline Convenience Functions, Prev: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Readline Variables +================== + + These variables are available to function writers. + + - Variable: char * rl_line_buffer + This is the line gathered so far. You are welcome to modify the + contents of the line, but see *Note Allowing Undoing::. + + - Variable: int rl_point + The offset of the current cursor position in `rl_line_buffer' (the + *point*). + + - Variable: int rl_end + The number of characters present in `rl_line_buffer'. When + `rl_point' is at the end of the line, `rl_point' and `rl_end' are + equal. + + - Variable: int rl_mark + The mark (saved position) in the current line. If set, the mark + and point define a *region*. + + - Variable: int rl_done + Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the + current line immediately. + + - Variable: int rl_pending_input + Setting this to a value makes it the next keystroke read. This is + a way to stuff a single character into the input stream. + + - Variable: char * rl_prompt + The prompt Readline uses. This is set from the argument to + `readline ()', and should not be assigned to directly. + + - Variable: char * rl_library_version + The version number of this revision of the library. + + - Variable: char * rl_terminal_name + The terminal type, used for initialization. + + - Variable: char * rl_readline_name + This variable is set to a unique name by each application using + Readline. The value allows conditional parsing of the inputrc file + (*note Conditional Init Constructs::.). + + - Variable: FILE * rl_instream + The stdio stream from which Readline reads input. + + - Variable: FILE * rl_outstream + The stdio stream to which Readline performs output. + + - Variable: Function * rl_startup_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before + `readline' prints the first prompt. + + - Variable: Function * rl_event_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call periodically + when readline is waiting for terminal input. + + - Variable: Function * rl_getc_function + If non-zero, `readline' will call indirectly through this pointer + to get a character from the input stream. By default, it is set to + `rl_getc', the default `readline' character input function (*note + Utility Functions::.). + + - Variable: VFunction * rl_redisplay_function + If non-zero, `readline' will call indirectly through this pointer + to update the display with the current contents of the editing + buffer. By default, it is set to `rl_redisplay', the default + `readline' redisplay function (*note Redisplay::.). + + - Variable: Keymap rl_executing_keymap + This variable is set to the keymap (*note Keymaps::.) in which the + currently executing readline function was found. + + - Variable: Keymap rl_binding_keymap + This variable is set to the keymap (*note Keymaps::.) in which the + last key binding occurred. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Convenience Functions, Next: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Variables, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Readline Convenience Functions +============================== + +* Menu: + +* Function Naming:: How to give a function you write a name. +* Keymaps:: Making keymaps. +* Binding Keys:: Changing Keymaps. +* Associating Function Names and Bindings:: Translate function names to + key sequences. +* Allowing Undoing:: How to make your functions undoable. +* Redisplay:: Functions to control line display. +* Modifying Text:: Functions to modify `rl_line_buffer'. +* Utility Functions:: Generally useful functions and hooks. +* Alternate Interface:: Using Readline in a `callback' fashion. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function Naming, Next: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Naming a Function +----------------- + + The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using +Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive +name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to +the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find + + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + + This binds the keystroke Meta-Rubout to the function *descriptively* +named `backward-kill-word'. You, as the programmer, should bind the +functions you write to descriptive names as well. Readline provides a +function for doing that: + + - Function: int rl_add_defun (char *name, Function *function, int key) + Add NAME to the list of named functions. Make FUNCTION be the + function that gets called. If KEY is not -1, then bind it to + FUNCTION using `rl_bind_key ()'. + + Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications. It is +the recommended way to add a few functions to the default functions that +Readline has built in. If you need to do something other than adding a +function to Readline, you may need to use the underlying functions +described below. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Keymaps, Next: Binding Keys, Prev: Function Naming, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Selecting a Keymap +------------------ + + Key bindings take place on a "keymap". The keymap is the +association between the keys that the user types and the functions that +get run. You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell +Readline which keymap to use. + + - Function: Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap () + Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is + allocated with `malloc ()'; you should `free ()' it when you are + done. + + - Function: Keymap rl_copy_keymap (Keymap map) + Return a new keymap which is a copy of MAP. + + - Function: Keymap rl_make_keymap () + Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to + rl_insert, the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their + equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric + arguments. + + - Function: void rl_discard_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Free the storage associated with KEYMAP. + + Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to +change which keymap is active. + + - Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap () + Returns the currently active keymap. + + - Function: void rl_set_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Makes KEYMAP the currently active keymap. + + - Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (char *name) + Return the keymap matching NAME. NAME is one which would be + supplied in a `set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init + File::.). + + - Function: char * rl_get_keymap_name (Keymap keymap) + Return the name matching KEYMAP. NAME is one which would be + supplied in a `set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init + File::.). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Binding Keys, Next: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Prev: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Binding Keys +------------ + + You associate keys with functions through the keymap. Readline has +several internal keymaps: `emacs_standard_keymap', `emacs_meta_keymap', +`emacs_ctlx_keymap', `vi_movement_keymap', and `vi_insertion_keymap'. +`emacs_standard_keymap' is the default, and the examples in this manual +assume that. + + These functions manage key bindings. + + - Function: int rl_bind_key (int key, Function *function) + Binds KEY to FUNCTION in the currently active keymap. Returns + non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY. + + - Function: int rl_bind_key_in_map (int key, Function *function, + Keymap map) + Bind KEY to FUNCTION in MAP. Returns non-zero in the case of an + invalid KEY. + + - Function: int rl_unbind_key (int key) + Bind KEY to the null function in the currently active keymap. + Returns non-zero in case of error. + + - Function: int rl_unbind_key_in_map (int key, Keymap map) + Bind KEY to the null function in MAP. Returns non-zero in case of + error. + + - Function: int rl_generic_bind (int type, char *keyseq, char *data, + Keymap map) + Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the + arbitrary pointer DATA. TYPE says what kind of data is pointed to + by DATA; this can be a function (`ISFUNC'), a macro (`ISMACR'), or + a keymap (`ISKMAP'). This makes new keymaps as necessary. The + initial keymap in which to do bindings is MAP. + + - Function: int rl_parse_and_bind (char *line) + Parse LINE as if it had been read from the `inputrc' file and + perform any key bindings and variable assignments found (*note + Readline Init File::.). + + - Function: int rl_read_init_file (char *filename) + Read keybindings and variable assignments from FILENAME (*note + Readline Init File::.). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Next: Allowing Undoing, Prev: Binding Keys, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Associating Function Names and Bindings +--------------------------------------- + + These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named +functions and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence. + + - Function: Function * rl_named_function (char *name) + Return the function with name NAME. + + - Function: Function * rl_function_of_keyseq (char *keyseq, Keymap + map, int *type) + Return the function invoked by KEYSEQ in keymap MAP. If MAP is + NULL, the current keymap is used. If TYPE is not NULL, the type + of the object is returned in it (one of `ISFUNC', `ISKMAP', or + `ISMACR'). + + - Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs (Function *function) + Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to + invoke FUNCTION in the current keymap. + + - Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (Function *function, + Keymap map) + Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to + invoke FUNCTION in the keymap MAP. + + - Function: void rl_function_dumper (int readable) + Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently + bound to them to `rl_outstream'. If READABLE is non-zero, the + list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + `inputrc' file and re-read. + + - Function: void rl_list_funmap_names () + Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to + `rl_outstream'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Allowing Undoing, Next: Redisplay, Prev: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Allowing Undoing +---------------- + + Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your +functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try something if +you know you can undo it. I could use an undo function for the stock +market. + + If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and +uses `rl_insert_text ()' or `rl_delete_text ()' to do it, then undoing +is already done for you automatically. + + If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any +combination of these operations, you should group them together into +one operation. This is done with `rl_begin_undo_group ()' and +`rl_end_undo_group ()'. + + The types of events that can be undone are: + + enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END }; + + Notice that `UNDO_DELETE' means to insert some text, and +`UNDO_INSERT' means to delete some text. That is, the undo code tells +undo what to undo, not how to undo it. `UNDO_BEGIN' and `UNDO_END' are +tags added by `rl_begin_undo_group ()' and `rl_end_undo_group ()'. + + - Function: int rl_begin_undo_group () + Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo + information usually comes from calls to `rl_insert_text ()' and + `rl_delete_text ()', but could be the result of calls to + `rl_add_undo ()'. + + - Function: int rl_end_undo_group () + Closes the current undo group started with `rl_begin_undo_group + ()'. There should be one call to `rl_end_undo_group ()' for each + call to `rl_begin_undo_group ()'. + + - Function: void rl_add_undo (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, + char *text) + Remember how to undo an event (according to WHAT). The affected + text runs from START to END, and encompasses TEXT. + + - Function: void free_undo_list () + Free the existing undo list. + + - Function: int rl_do_undo () + Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns `0' if there was + nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone. + + Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify +the existing text (e.g., change its case), call `rl_modifying ()' once, +just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of the +text range that you are going to modify. + + - Function: int rl_modifying (int start, int end) + Tell Readline to save the text between START and END as a single + undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify that + text. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Redisplay, Next: Modifying Text, Prev: Allowing Undoing, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Redisplay +--------- + + - Function: void rl_redisplay () + Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current + contents of `rl_line_buffer'. + + - Function: int rl_forced_update_display () + Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not + Readline thinks the screen display is correct. + + - Function: int rl_on_new_line () + Tell the update routines that we have moved onto a new (empty) + line, usually after ouputting a newline. + + - Function: int rl_reset_line_state () + Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current + line starting on a new line. + + - Function: int rl_message (va_alist) + The arguments are a string as would be supplied to `printf'. The + resulting string is displayed in the "echo area". The echo area + is also used to display numeric arguments and search strings. + + - Function: int rl_clear_message () + Clear the message in the echo area. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Modifying Text, Next: Utility Functions, Prev: Redisplay, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Modifying Text +-------------- + + - Function: int rl_insert_text (char *text) + Insert TEXT into the line at the current cursor position. + + - Function: int rl_delete_text (int start, int end) + Delete the text between START and END in the current line. + + - Function: char * rl_copy_text (int start, int end) + Return a copy of the text between START and END in the current + line. + + - Function: int rl_kill_text (int start, int end) + Copy the text between START and END in the current line to the + kill ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the last + command was a kill command. The text is deleted. If START is + less than END, the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the + last command was not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Utility Functions, Next: Alternate Interface, Prev: Modifying Text, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Utility Functions +----------------- + + - Function: int rl_read_key () + Return the next character available. This handles input inserted + into the input stream via PENDING INPUT (*note Readline + Variables::.) and `rl_stuff_char ()', macros, and characters read + from the keyboard. + + - Function: int rl_getc (FILE *) + Return the next character available from the keyboard. + + - Function: int rl_stuff_char (int c) + Insert C into the Readline input stream. It will be "read" before + Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with + `rl_read_key ()'. + + - Function: rl_extend_line_buffer (int len) + Ensure that `rl_line_buffer' has enough space to hold LEN + characters, possibly reallocating it if necessary. + + - Function: int rl_initialize () + Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state. + + - Function: int rl_reset_terminal (char *terminal_name) + Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using + TERMINAL_NAME as the terminal type (e.g., `vt100'). + + - Function: int alphabetic (int c) + Return 1 if C is an alphabetic character. + + - Function: int numeric (int c) + Return 1 if C is a numeric character. + + - Function: int ding () + Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of `bell-style'. + + The following are implemented as macros, defined in `chartypes.h'. + + - Function: int uppercase_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is an uppercase alphabetic character. + + - Function: int lowercase_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is a lowercase alphabetic character. + + - Function: int digit_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is a numeric character. + + - Function: int to_upper (int c) + If C is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding + uppercase character. + + - Function: int to_lower (int c) + If C is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding + lowercase character. + + - Function: int digit_value (int c) + If C is a number, return the value it represents. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Alternate Interface, Prev: Utility Functions, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Alternate Interface +------------------- + + An alternate interface is available to plain `readline()'. Some +applications need to interleave keyboard I/O with file, device, or +window system I/O, typically by using a main loop to `select()' on +various file descriptors. To accomodate this need, readline can also +be invoked as a `callback' function from an event loop. There are +functions available to make this easy. + + - Function: void rl_callback_handler_install (char *prompt, Vfunction + *lhandler) + Set up the terminal for readline I/O and display the initial + expanded value of PROMPT. Save the value of LHANDLER to use as a + callback when a complete line of input has been entered. + + - Function: void rl_callback_read_char () + Whenever an application determines that keyboard input is + available, it should call `rl_callback_read_char()', which will + read the next character from the current input source. If that + character completes the line, `rl_callback_read_char' will invoke + the LHANDLER function saved by `rl_callback_handler_install' to + process the line. `EOF' is indicated by calling LHANDLER with a + `NULL' line. + + - Function: void rl_callback_handler_remove () + Restore the terminal to its initial state and remove the line + handler. This may be called from within a callback as well as + independently. + +An Example +---------- + + Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their +uppercase equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If this +function was bound to `M-c', then typing `M-c' would change the case of +the character under point. Typing `M-1 0 M-c' would change the case of +the following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on the last character +changed. + + /* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */ + int + invert_case_line (count, key) + int count, key; + { + register int start, end, i; + + start = rl_point; + + if (rl_point >= rl_end) + return (0); + + if (count < 0) + { + direction = -1; + count = -count; + } + else + direction = 1; + + /* Find the end of the range to modify. */ + end = start + (count * direction); + + /* Force it to be within range. */ + if (end > rl_end) + end = rl_end; + else if (end < 0) + end = 0; + + if (start == end) + return (0); + + if (start > end) + { + int temp = start; + start = end; + end = temp; + } + + /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so it will save + the undo information. */ + rl_modifying (start, end); + + for (i = start; i != end; i++) + { + if (uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]); + else if (lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]); + } + /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */ + rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start; + return (0); + } + + +File: readline.info, Node: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Convenience Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Custom Completers +================= + + Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of +disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then +it can provide completion for commands, data, or both. The following +sections describe how your program and Readline cooperate to provide +this service. + +* Menu: + +* How Completing Works:: The logic used to do completion. +* Completion Functions:: Functions provided by Readline. +* Completion Variables:: Variables which control completion. +* A Short Completion Example:: An example of writing completer subroutines. + + +File: readline.info, Node: How Completing Works, Next: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers + +How Completing Works +-------------------- + + In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions +must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately expand a +partial word without knowing all of the possible words which make sense +in that context. The Readline library provides the user interface to +completion, and two of the most common completion functions: filename +and username. For completing other types of text, you must write your +own completion function. This section describes exactly what such +functions must do, and provides an example. + + There are three major functions used to perform completion: + + 1. The user-interface function `rl_complete ()'. This function is + called with the same arguments as other Readline functions + intended for interactive use: COUNT and INVOKING_KEY. It + isolates the word to be completed and calls `completion_matches + ()' to generate a list of possible completions. It then either + lists the possible completions, inserts the possible completions, + or actually performs the completion, depending on which behavior + is desired. + + 2. The internal function `completion_matches ()' uses your + "generator" function to generate the list of possible matches, and + then returns the array of these matches. You should place the + address of your generator function in + `rl_completion_entry_function'. + + 3. The generator function is called repeatedly from + `completion_matches ()', returning a string each time. The + arguments to the generator function are TEXT and STATE. TEXT is + the partial word to be completed. STATE is zero the first time + the function is called, allowing the generator to perform any + necessary initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for each + subsequent call. When the generator function returns `(char + *)NULL' this signals `completion_matches ()' that there are no + more possibilities left. Usually the generator function computes + the list of possible completions when STATE is zero, and returns + them one at a time on subsequent calls. Each string the generator + function returns as a match must be allocated with `malloc()'; + Readline frees the strings when it has finished with them. + + + - Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) + Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the + function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm + (see `completion_matches ()'). The default is to do filename + completion. + + - Variable: Function * rl_completion_entry_function + This is a pointer to the generator function for `completion_matches + ()'. If the value of `rl_completion_entry_function' is `(Function + *)NULL' then the default filename generator function, + `filename_completion_function ()', is used. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Completion Functions, Next: Completion Variables, Prev: How Completing Works, Up: Custom Completers + +Completion Functions +-------------------- + + Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in +Readline. + + - Function: int rl_complete_internal (int what_to_do) + Complete the word at or before point. WHAT_TO_DO says what to do + with the completion. A value of `?' means list the possible + completions. `TAB' means do standard completion. `*' means + insert all of the possible completions. `!' means to display all + of the possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as + performing partial completion. + + - Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) + Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the + function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm + (see `completion_matches ()' and `rl_completion_entry_function'). + The default is to do filename completion. This calls + `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument depending on + INVOKING_KEY. + + - Function: int rl_possible_completions (int count, int invoking_key)) + List the possible completions. See description of `rl_complete + ()'. This calls `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument of `?'. + + - Function: int rl_insert_completions (int count, int invoking_key)) + Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the + partially-completed word. See description of `rl_complete ()'. + This calls `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument of `*'. + + - Function: char ** completion_matches (char *text, CPFunction + *entry_func) + Returns an array of `(char *)' which is a list of completions for + TEXT. If there are no completions, returns `(char **)NULL'. The + first entry in the returned array is the substitution for TEXT. + The remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is + terminated with a `NULL' pointer. + + ENTRY_FUNC is a function of two args, and returns a `(char *)'. + The first argument is TEXT. The second is a state argument; it is + zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent calls. + eNTRY_FUNC returns a `NULL' pointer to the caller when there are + no more matches. + + - Function: char * filename_completion_function (char *text, int state) + A generator function for filename completion in the general case. + Note that completion in Bash is a little different because of all + the pathnames that must be followed when looking up completions + for a command. The Bash source is a useful reference for writing + custom completion functions. + + - Function: char * username_completion_function (char *text, int state) + A completion generator for usernames. TEXT contains a partial + username preceded by a random character (usually `~'). As with all + completion generators, STATE is zero on the first call and non-zero + for subsequent calls. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Completion Variables, Next: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers + +Completion Variables +-------------------- + + - Variable: Function * rl_completion_entry_function + A pointer to the generator function for `completion_matches ()'. + `NULL' means to use `filename_entry_function ()', the default + filename completer. + + - Variable: CPPFunction * rl_attempted_completion_function + A pointer to an alternative function to create matches. The + function is called with TEXT, START, and END. START and END are + indices in `rl_line_buffer' saying what the boundaries of TEXT + are. If this function exists and returns `NULL', or if this + variable is set to `NULL', then `rl_complete ()' will call the + value of `rl_completion_entry_function' to generate matches, + otherwise the array of strings returned will be used. + + - Variable: CPFunction * rl_filename_quoting_function + A pointer to a function that will quote a filename in an + application- specific fashion. This is called if filename + completion is being attempted and one of the characters in + `rl_filename_quote_characters' appears in a completed filename. + The function is called with TEXT, MATCH_TYPE, and QUOTE_POINTER. + The TEXT is the filename to be quoted. The MATCH_TYPE is either + `SINGLE_MATCH', if there is only one completion match, or + `MULT_MATCH'. Some functions use this to decide whether or not to + insert a closing quote character. The QUOTE_POINTER is a pointer + to any opening quote character the user typed. Some functions + choose to reset this character. + + - Variable: CPFunction * rl_filename_dequoting_function + A pointer to a function that will remove application-specific + quoting characters from a filename before completion is attempted, + so those characters do not interfere with matching the text + against names in the filesystem. It is called with TEXT, the text + of the word to be dequoted, and QUOTE_CHAR, which is the quoting + character that delimits the filename (usually `'' or `"'). If + QUOTE_CHAR is zero, the filename was not in an embedded string. + + - Variable: Function * rl_char_is_quoted_p + A pointer to a function to call that determines whether or not a + specific character in the line buffer is quoted, according to + whatever quoting mechanism the program calling readline uses. The + function is called with two arguments: TEXT, the text of the line, + and INDEX, the index of the character in the line. It is used to + decide whether a character found in + `rl_completer_word_break_characters' should be used to break words + for the completer. + + - Variable: int rl_completion_query_items + Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a + possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she is + sure she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. + + - Variable: char * rl_basic_word_break_characters + The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for + the completer routine. The default value of this variable is the + characters which break words for completion in Bash, i.e., `" + \t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("'. + + - Variable: char * rl_basic_quote_characters + List of quote characters which can cause a word break. + + - Variable: char * rl_completer_word_break_characters + The list of characters that signal a break between words for + `rl_complete_internal ()'. The default list is the value of + `rl_basic_word_break_characters'. + + - Variable: char * rl_completer_quote_characters + List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the + line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the + substring `rl_completer_word_break_characters' are treated as any + other character, unless they also appear within this list. + + - Variable: char * rl_filename_quote_characters + A list of characters that cause a filename to be quoted by the + completer when they appear in a completed filename. The default + is empty. + + - Variable: char * rl_special_prefixes + The list of characters that are word break characters, but should + be left in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function. + Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to + do. For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@" so that it can + complete shell variables and hostnames. + + - Variable: int rl_completion_append_character + When a single completion alternative matches at the end of the + command line, this character is appended to the inserted + completion text. The default is a space character (` '). Setting + this to the null character (`\0') prevents anything being appended + automatically. This can be changed in custom completion functions + to provide the "most sensible word separator character" according + to an application-specific command line syntax specification. + + - Variable: int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates + If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. Default is + 1. + + - Variable: int rl_filename_completion_desired + Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as + filenames. This is *always* zero on entry, and can only be changed + within a completion entry generator function. If it is set to a + non-zero value, directory names have a slash appended and Readline + attempts to quote completed filenames if they contain any embedded + word break characters. + + - Variable: int rl_filename_quoting_desired + Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted + using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) + if the completed filename contains any characters in + `rl_filename_quote_chars'. This is *always* non-zero on entry, + and can only be changed within a completion entry generator + function. The quoting is effected via a call to the function + pointed to by `rl_filename_quoting_function'. + + - Variable: int rl_inhibit_completion + If this variable is non-zero, completion is inhibit<ed. The + completion character will be inserted as any other bound to + `self-insert'. + + - Variable: Function * rl_ignore_some_completions_function + This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real + filename completion is done, after all the matching names have + been generated. It is passed a `NULL' terminated array of matches. + The first element (`matches[0]') is the maximal substring common + to all matches. This function can re-arrange the list of matches + as required, but each element deleted from the array must be freed. + + - Variable: Function * rl_directory_completion_hook + This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory + portion of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the + address of a string (the current directory name) as an argument. + It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in + pathnames. + + +File: readline.info, Node: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Variables, Up: Custom Completers + +A Short Completion Example +-------------------------- + + Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline +library. It is called `fileman', and the source code resides in +`examples/fileman.c'. This sample application provides completion of +command names, line editing features, and access to the history list. + + /* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the + GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users + to manipulate files and their modes. */ + + #include <stdio.h> + #include <sys/types.h> + #include <sys/file.h> + #include <sys/stat.h> + #include <sys/errno.h> + + #include <readline/readline.h> + #include <readline/history.h> + + extern char *getwd (); + extern char *xmalloc (); + + /* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */ + int com_list (), com_view (), com_rename (), com_stat (), com_pwd (); + int com_delete (), com_help (), com_cd (), com_quit (); + + /* A structure which contains information on the commands this program + can understand. */ + + typedef struct { + char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */ + Function *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */ + char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */ + } COMMAND; + + COMMAND commands[] = { + { "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" }, + { "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" }, + { "help", com_help, "Display this text" }, + { "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" }, + { "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" }, + { "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" }, + { "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" }, + { "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" }, + { "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" }, + { "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" }, + { "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" }, + { (char *)NULL, (Function *)NULL, (char *)NULL } + }; + + /* Forward declarations. */ + char *stripwhite (); + COMMAND *find_command (); + + /* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ + char *progname; + + /* When non-zero, this global means the user is done using this program. */ + int done; + + char * + dupstr (s) + int s; + { + char *r; + + r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1); + strcpy (r, s); + return (r); + } + + main (argc, argv) + int argc; + char **argv; + { + char *line, *s; + + progname = argv[0]; + + initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */ + + /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */ + for ( ; done == 0; ) + { + line = readline ("FileMan: "); + + if (!line) + break; + + /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line. + Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list + and execute it. */ + s = stripwhite (line); + + if (*s) + { + add_history (s); + execute_line (s); + } + + free (line); + } + exit (0); + } + + /* Execute a command line. */ + int + execute_line (line) + char *line; + { + register int i; + COMMAND *command; + char *word; + + /* Isolate the command word. */ + i = 0; + while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + word = line + i; + + while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + if (line[i]) + line[i++] = '\0'; + + command = find_command (word); + + if (!command) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word); + return (-1); + } + + /* Get argument to command, if any. */ + while (whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + word = line + i; + + /* Call the function. */ + return ((*(command->func)) (word)); + } + + /* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that + command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */ + COMMAND * + find_command (name) + char *name; + { + register int i; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0) + return (&commands[i]); + + return ((COMMAND *)NULL); + } + + /* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer + into STRING. */ + char * + stripwhite (string) + char *string; + { + register char *s, *t; + + for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++) + ; + + if (*s == 0) + return (s); + + t = s + strlen (s) - 1; + while (t > s && whitespace (*t)) + t--; + *++t = '\0'; + + return s; + } + + /* **************************************************************** */ + /* */ + /* Interface to Readline Completion */ + /* */ + /* **************************************************************** */ + + char *command_generator (); + char **fileman_completion (); + + /* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete + on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames + if not. */ + initialize_readline () + { + /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ + rl_readline_name = "FileMan"; + + /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ + rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)fileman_completion; + } + + /* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END bound the + region of rl_line_buffer that contains the word to complete. TEXT is + the word to complete. We can use the entire contents of rl_line_buffer + in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches, + or NULL if there aren't any. */ + char ** + fileman_completion (text, start, end) + char *text; + int start, end; + { + char **matches; + + matches = (char **)NULL; + + /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command + to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current + directory. */ + if (start == 0) + matches = completion_matches (text, command_generator); + + return (matches); + } + + /* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us know whether + to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we + start at the top of the list. */ + char * + command_generator (text, state) + char *text; + int state; + { + static int list_index, len; + char *name; + + /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This includes + saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and initializing the index + variable to 0. */ + if (!state) + { + list_index = 0; + len = strlen (text); + } + + /* Return the next name which partially matches from the command list. */ + while (name = commands[list_index].name) + { + list_index++; + + if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0) + return (dupstr(name)); + } + + /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */ + return ((char *)NULL); + } + + /* **************************************************************** */ + /* */ + /* FileMan Commands */ + /* */ + /* **************************************************************** */ + + /* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME + commands. */ + static char syscom[1024]; + + /* List the file(s) named in arg. */ + com_list (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (!arg) + arg = ""; + + sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); + return (system (syscom)); + } + + com_view (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (!valid_argument ("view", arg)) + return 1; + + sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); + return (system (syscom)); + } + + com_rename (arg) + char *arg; + { + too_dangerous ("rename"); + return (1); + } + + com_stat (arg) + char *arg; + { + struct stat finfo; + + if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg)) + return (1); + + if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return (1); + } + + printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg); + + printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", arg, + finfo.st_nlink, + (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s", + finfo.st_size, + (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s"); + printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime)); + printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime)); + printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime)); + return (0); + } + + com_delete (arg) + char *arg; + { + too_dangerous ("delete"); + return (1); + } + + /* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is + not present. */ + com_help (arg) + char *arg; + { + register int i; + int printed = 0; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0)) + { + printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc); + printed++; + } + } + + if (!printed) + { + printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg); + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + /* Print in six columns. */ + if (printed == 6) + { + printed = 0; + printf ("\n"); + } + + printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name); + printed++; + } + + if (printed) + printf ("\n"); + } + return (0); + } + + /* Change to the directory ARG. */ + com_cd (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (chdir (arg) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return 1; + } + + com_pwd (""); + return (0); + } + + /* Print out the current working directory. */ + com_pwd (ignore) + char *ignore; + { + char dir[1024], *s; + + s = getwd (dir); + if (s == 0) + { + printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir); + return 1; + } + + printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir); + return 0; + } + + /* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */ + com_quit (arg) + char *arg; + { + done = 1; + return (0); + } + + /* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */ + too_dangerous (caller) + char *caller; + { + fprintf (stderr, + "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n", + caller); + } + + /* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print + an error message and return zero. */ + int + valid_argument (caller, arg) + char *caller, *arg; + { + if (!arg || !*arg) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller); + return (0); + } + + return (1); + } + + +File: readline.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Programming with GNU Readline, Up: Top + +Concept Index +************* + +* Menu: + +* command editing: Readline Bare Essentials. +* editing command lines: Readline Bare Essentials. +* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File. +* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. +* kill ring: Readline Killing Commands. +* killing text: Readline Killing Commands. +* notation, readline: Readline Bare Essentials. +* readline, function: Basic Behavior. +* yanking text: Readline Killing Commands. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top + +Function and Variable Index +*************************** + +* Menu: + +* (: Utility Functions. +* abort (C-g): Miscellaneous Commands. +* accept-line (Newline, Return): Commands For History. +* alphabetic: Utility Functions. +* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. +* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. +* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing. +* backward-kill-word (M-DEL): Commands For Killing. +* backward-word (M-b): Commands For Moving. +* beginning-of-history (M-<): Commands For History. +* beginning-of-line (C-a): Commands For Moving. +* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. +* call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. +* capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. +* character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. +* character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. +* clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. +* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. +* complete (TAB): Commands For Completion. +* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. +* completion_matches: Completion Functions. +* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. +* copy-backward-word (): Commands For Killing. +* copy-forward-word (): Commands For Killing. +* copy-region-as-kill (): Commands For Killing. +* delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text. +* delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing. +* digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M-): Numeric Arguments. +* digit_p: Utility Functions. +* digit_value: Utility Functions. +* ding: Utility Functions. +* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. +* do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. +* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. +* dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands. +* dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands. +* dump-variables (): Miscellaneous Commands. +* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. +* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. +* end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. +* end-of-history (M->): Commands For History. +* end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving. +* exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands. +* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. +* filename_completion_function: Completion Functions. +* forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. +* forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History. +* forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving. +* free_undo_list: Allowing Undoing. +* history-search-backward (): Commands For History. +* history-search-forward (): Commands For History. +* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. +* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. +* insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands. +* insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion. +* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. +* kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. +* kill-region (): Commands For Killing. +* kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing. +* kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. +* lowercase_p: Utility Functions. +* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. +* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. +* next-history (C-n): Commands For History. +* non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History. +* non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. +* numeric: Utility Functions. +* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. +* possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion. +* prefix-meta (ESC): Miscellaneous Commands. +* previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. +* quoted-insert (C-q, C-v): Commands For Text. +* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands. +* readline: Basic Behavior. +* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. +* reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. +* revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. +* rl_add_defun: Function Naming. +* rl_add_undo: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_attempted_completion_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_basic_quote_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_basic_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_begin_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_binding_keymap: Readline Variables. +* rl_bind_key: Binding Keys. +* rl_bind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. +* rl_callback_handler_install: Alternate Interface. +* rl_callback_handler_remove: Alternate Interface. +* rl_callback_read_char: Alternate Interface. +* rl_char_is_quoted_p: Completion Variables. +* rl_clear_message: Redisplay. +* rl_complete: Completion Functions. +* rl_complete: How Completing Works. +* rl_completer_quote_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_completer_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_complete_internal: Completion Functions. +* rl_completion_append_character: Completion Variables. +* rl_completion_entry_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_completion_entry_function: How Completing Works. +* rl_completion_query_items: Completion Variables. +* rl_copy_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_copy_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_delete_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_directory_completion_hook: Completion Variables. +* rl_discard_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_done: Readline Variables. +* rl_do_undo: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_end: Readline Variables. +* rl_end_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_event_hook: Readline Variables. +* rl_executing_keymap: Readline Variables. +* rl_filename_completion_desired: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_dequoting_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_quote_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_quoting_desired: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_quoting_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_forced_update_display: Redisplay. +* rl_function_dumper: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_function_of_keyseq: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_generic_bind: Binding Keys. +* rl_getc: Utility Functions. +* rl_getc_function: Readline Variables. +* rl_get_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_get_keymap_by_name: Keymaps. +* rl_get_keymap_name: Keymaps. +* rl_ignore_completion_duplicates: Completion Variables. +* rl_ignore_some_completions_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_inhibit_completion: Completion Variables. +* rl_initialize: Utility Functions. +* rl_insert_completions: Completion Functions. +* rl_insert_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_instream: Readline Variables. +* rl_invoking_keyseqs: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_kill_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_library_version: Readline Variables. +* rl_line_buffer: Readline Variables. +* rl_list_funmap_names: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_make_bare_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_make_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_mark: Readline Variables. +* rl_message: Redisplay. +* rl_modifying: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_named_function: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_on_new_line: Redisplay. +* rl_outstream: Readline Variables. +* rl_parse_and_bind: Binding Keys. +* rl_pending_input: Readline Variables. +* rl_point: Readline Variables. +* rl_possible_completions: Completion Functions. +* rl_prompt: Readline Variables. +* rl_readline_name: Readline Variables. +* rl_read_init_file: Binding Keys. +* rl_read_key: Utility Functions. +* rl_redisplay: Redisplay. +* rl_redisplay_function: Readline Variables. +* rl_reset_line_state: Redisplay. +* rl_reset_terminal: Utility Functions. +* rl_set_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_special_prefixes: Completion Variables. +* rl_startup_hook: Readline Variables. +* rl_stuff_char: Utility Functions. +* rl_terminal_name: Readline Variables. +* rl_unbind_key: Binding Keys. +* rl_unbind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. +* self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. +* set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands. +* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. +* start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. +* tab-insert (M-TAB): Commands For Text. +* tilde-expand (M-~): Miscellaneous Commands. +* to_lower: Utility Functions. +* to_upper: Utility Functions. +* transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. +* transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. +* undo (C-_, C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands. +* universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. +* unix-line-discard (C-u): Commands For Killing. +* unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing. +* upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. +* uppercase_p: Utility Functions. +* username_completion_function: Completion Functions. +* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. +* yank (C-y): Commands For Killing. +* yank-last-arg (M-., M-_): Commands For History. +* yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History. +* yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing. + + Tag Table: -(Indirect) -Node: Top1000 -Node: Command Line Editing1613 -Node: Introduction and Notation2264 -Node: Readline Interaction3284 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials4423 -Node: Readline Movement Commands5953 -Node: Readline Killing Commands6844 -Node: Readline Arguments8547 -Node: Readline Init File9498 -Node: Readline Init Syntax10502 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs17435 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands19681 -Node: Commands For Moving20351 -Node: Commands For History21199 -Node: Commands For Text23783 -Node: Commands For Killing25522 -Node: Numeric Arguments26971 -Node: Commands For Completion27598 -Node: Keyboard Macros28525 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands29084 -Node: Readline vi Mode30372 -Node: Programming with GNU Readline32122 -Node: Basic Behavior32919 -Node: Custom Functions36232 -Node: The Function Type36845 -Node: Function Writing37690 -Node: Readline Convenience Functions40453 -Node: Function Naming41118 -Node: Keymaps42345 -Node: Binding Keys43856 -Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings45650 -Node: Allowing Undoing46812 -Node: Redisplay49397 -Node: Modifying Text50467 -Node: Utility Functions51378 -Node: Custom Completers54444 -Node: How Completing Works55165 -Node: Completion Functions58156 -Node: Completion Variables61171 -Node: A Short Completion Example64996 -Node: Concept Index77230 -Node: Function and Variable Index77717 +Node: Top1042 +Node: Command Line Editing1655 +Node: Introduction and Notation2306 +Node: Readline Interaction3315 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials4504 +Node: Readline Movement Commands6034 +Node: Readline Killing Commands6925 +Node: Readline Arguments8628 +Node: Searching9602 +Node: Readline Init File11203 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax12266 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs20056 +Node: Sample Init File22338 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands25372 +Node: Commands For Moving26123 +Node: Commands For History26971 +Node: Commands For Text29585 +Node: Commands For Killing31328 +Node: Numeric Arguments33355 +Node: Commands For Completion34480 +Node: Keyboard Macros35364 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands35923 +Node: Readline vi Mode38734 +Node: Programming with GNU Readline40490 +Node: Basic Behavior41359 +Node: Custom Functions44672 +Node: The Function Type45273 +Node: Function Writing46118 +Node: Readline Variables47202 +Node: Readline Convenience Functions50290 +Node: Function Naming51021 +Node: Keymaps52248 +Node: Binding Keys53962 +Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings55906 +Node: Allowing Undoing57484 +Node: Redisplay60069 +Node: Modifying Text61140 +Node: Utility Functions62051 +Node: Alternate Interface64170 +Node: Custom Completers67464 +Node: How Completing Works68185 +Node: Completion Functions71181 +Node: Completion Variables74196 +Node: A Short Completion Example81338 +Node: Concept Index93644 +Node: Function and Variable Index94389 End Tag Table |