Style/EmptyLiteral

Signed-off-by: Lamont Granquist <lamont@scriptkiddie.org>

92 files changed, 158 insertions, 158 deletions

diff --git a/lib/chef/api_client.rb b/lib/chef/api_client.rb
index 5c78da41ec..c2dec0a86f 100644
--- a/lib/chef/api_client.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/api_client.rb
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class Chef
 
     def self.list(inflate = false)
       if inflate
-        response = Hash.new
+        response = {}
         Chef::Search::Query.new.search(:client) do |n|
           n = json_create(n) if n.instance_of?(Hash)
           response[n.name] = n
diff --git a/lib/chef/api_client_v1.rb b/lib/chef/api_client_v1.rb
index 20d1989d38..f3f83cad4e 100644
--- a/lib/chef/api_client_v1.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/api_client_v1.rb
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class Chef
 
     def self.list(inflate = false)
       if inflate
-        response = Hash.new
+        response = {}
         Chef::Search::Query.new.search(:client) do |n|
           n = from_hash(n) if n.instance_of?(Hash)
           response[n.name] = n
diff --git a/lib/chef/cookbook_manifest.rb b/lib/chef/cookbook_manifest.rb
index 13c0332cd8..34ece80e19 100644
--- a/lib/chef/cookbook_manifest.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/cookbook_manifest.rb
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class Chef
     # See #preferred_manifest_record for a description an individual manifest record.
     def generate_manifest
       manifest = Mash.new({
-        all_files: Array.new,
+        all_files: [],
       })
       @checksums = {}
 
diff --git a/lib/chef/cookbook_version.rb b/lib/chef/cookbook_version.rb
index e149947603..959318a020 100644
--- a/lib/chef/cookbook_version.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/cookbook_version.rb
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class Chef
       @root_paths = root_paths
       @frozen = false
 
-      @all_files = Array.new
+      @all_files = []
 
       @file_vendor = nil
       @cookbook_manifest = Chef::CookbookManifest.new(self)
@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ class Chef
 
     def relative_filenames_in_preferred_directory(node, segment, dirname)
       preferences = preferences_for_path(node, segment, dirname)
-      filenames_by_pref = Hash.new
-      preferences.each { |pref| filenames_by_pref[pref] = Array.new }
+      filenames_by_pref = {}
+      preferences.each { |pref| filenames_by_pref[pref] = [] }
 
       files_for(segment).each do |manifest_record|
         manifest_record_path = manifest_record[:path]
@@ -319,8 +319,8 @@ class Chef
     # description of entries of the returned Array.
     def preferred_manifest_records_for_directory(node, segment, dirname)
       preferences = preferences_for_path(node, segment, dirname)
-      records_by_pref = Hash.new
-      preferences.each { |pref| records_by_pref[pref] = Array.new }
+      records_by_pref = {}
+      preferences.each { |pref| records_by_pref[pref] = [] }
 
       files_for(segment).each do |manifest_record|
         manifest_record_path = manifest_record[:path]
diff --git a/lib/chef/dsl/data_query.rb b/lib/chef/dsl/data_query.rb
index 88562df190..ad60852087 100644
--- a/lib/chef/dsl/data_query.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/dsl/data_query.rb
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Chef
         if Kernel.block_given? || args.length >= 4
           Chef::Search::Query.new.search(*args, &block)
         else
-          results = Array.new
+          results = []
           Chef::Search::Query.new.search(*args) do |o|
             results << o
           end
diff --git a/lib/chef/environment.rb b/lib/chef/environment.rb
index 6633813762..476aeb4867 100644
--- a/lib/chef/environment.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/environment.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Chef
       @description = ""
       @default_attributes = Mash.new
       @override_attributes = Mash.new
-      @cookbook_versions = Hash.new
+      @cookbook_versions = {}
       @chef_server_rest = chef_server_rest
     end
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class Chef
       # reset because everything we need will be in the params, this is necessary because certain constraints
       # may have been removed in the params and need to be removed from cookbook_versions as well.
       bkup_cb_versions = cookbook_versions
-      cookbook_versions(Hash.new)
+      cookbook_versions({})
       valid = true
 
       begin
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class Chef
 
     def self.list(inflate = false)
       if inflate
-        response = Hash.new
+        response = {}
         Chef::Search::Query.new.search(:environment) do |e|
           response[e.name] = e unless e.nil?
         end
diff --git a/lib/chef/file_cache.rb b/lib/chef/file_cache.rb
index 1955dbb165..2d4a56a91b 100644
--- a/lib/chef/file_cache.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/file_cache.rb
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class Chef
       # === Returns
       # [String] - An array of file cache keys matching the glob
       def find(glob_pattern)
-        keys = Array.new
+        keys = []
         Dir[File.join(Chef::Util::PathHelper.escape_glob_dir(file_cache_path), glob_pattern)].each do |f|
           if File.file?(f)
             keys << f[/^#{Regexp.escape(Dir[Chef::Util::PathHelper.escape_glob_dir(file_cache_path)].first) + File::Separator}(.+)/, 1]
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/bootstrap.rb b/lib/chef/knife/bootstrap.rb
index 927b47ee0a..4be53af5c8 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/bootstrap.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/bootstrap.rb
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ class Chef
         long: "--hint HINT_NAME[=HINT_FILE]",
         description: "Specify an Ohai hint to be set on the bootstrap target. Use multiple --hint options to specify multiple hints.",
         proc: Proc.new { |h|
-          Chef::Config[:knife][:hints] ||= Hash.new
+          Chef::Config[:knife][:hints] ||= {}
           name, path = h.split("=")
-          Chef::Config[:knife][:hints][name] = path ? Chef::JSONCompat.parse(::File.read(path)) : Hash.new
+          Chef::Config[:knife][:hints][name] = path ? Chef::JSONCompat.parse(::File.read(path)) : {}
         }
 
       # bootstrap override: url of a an installer shell script touse in place of omnitruck
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/cookbook_show.rb b/lib/chef/knife/cookbook_show.rb
index d1e7220650..97e771a183 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/cookbook_show.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/cookbook_show.rb
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class Chef
 
         case @name_args.length
         when 4 # We are showing a specific file
-          node = Hash.new
+          node = {}
           node[:fqdn] = config[:fqdn] if config.key?(:fqdn)
           node[:platform] = config[:platform] if config.key?(:platform)
           node[:platform_version] = config[:platform_version] if config.key?(:platform_version)
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/core/generic_presenter.rb b/lib/chef/knife/core/generic_presenter.rb
index 96a4c766a5..6ee0d1ea06 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/core/generic_presenter.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/core/generic_presenter.rb
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class Chef
         def format_cookbook_list_for_display(item)
           if config[:with_uri]
             item.inject({}) do |collected, (cookbook, versions)|
-              collected[cookbook] = Hash.new
+              collected[cookbook] = {}
               versions["versions"].each do |ver|
                 collected[cookbook][ver["version"]] = ver["url"]
               end
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/core/status_presenter.rb b/lib/chef/knife/core/status_presenter.rb
index 820c572f1f..8bf419e49a 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/core/status_presenter.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/core/status_presenter.rb
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class Chef
               end
             end
 
-            line_parts = Array.new
+            line_parts = []
 
             if node["ohai_time"]
               hours, minutes, seconds = time_difference_in_hms(node["ohai_time"])
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/data_bag_from_file.rb b/lib/chef/knife/data_bag_from_file.rb
index 050c9b404f..78cf2df3a5 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/data_bag_from_file.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/data_bag_from_file.rb
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class Chef
       end
 
       def normalize_item_paths(args)
-        paths = Array.new
+        paths = []
         args.each do |path|
           if File.directory?(path)
             paths.concat(Dir.glob(File.join(Chef::Util::PathHelper.escape_glob_dir(path), "*.json")))
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/search.rb b/lib/chef/knife/search.rb
index b2aa7b5dc9..a089ee8f1b 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/search.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/search.rb
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class Chef
         result_items = []
         result_count = 0
 
-        search_args = Hash.new
+        search_args = {}
         search_args[:fuzz] = true
         search_args[:start] = config[:start] if config[:start]
         search_args[:rows] = config[:rows] if config[:rows]
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class Chef
 
         begin
           q.search(@type, @query, search_args) do |item|
-            formatted_item = Hash.new
+            formatted_item = {}
             if config[:id_only]
               formatted_item = format_for_display({ "id" => item["__display_name"] })
             elsif item.is_a?(Hash)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class Chef
       # and the path is an array with the path elements as strings (in order)
       # See lib/chef/search/query.rb for more examples of this.
       def create_result_filter(filter_string)
-        final_filter = Hash.new
+        final_filter = {}
         filter_string.delete!(" ")
         filters = filter_string.split(",")
         filters.each do |f|
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class Chef
       end
 
       def create_result_filter_from_attributes(filter_array)
-        final_filter = Hash.new
+        final_filter = {}
         filter_array.each do |f|
           final_filter[f] = f.split(".")
         end
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/ssh.rb b/lib/chef/knife/ssh.rb
index 301839b2b7..78cf238848 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/ssh.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/ssh.rb
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class Chef
       end
 
       def search_nodes
-        list = Array.new
+        list = []
         query = Chef::Search::Query.new
         required_attributes = { fqdn: ["fqdn"], cloud: ["cloud"] }
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ class Chef
             break
           when /^on (.+?); (.+)$/
             raw_list = $1.split(" ")
-            server_list = Array.new
+            server_list = []
             session.servers.each do |session_server|
               server_list << session_server if raw_list.include?(session_server.host)
             end
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/supermarket_list.rb b/lib/chef/knife/supermarket_list.rb
index ee0ed0b54c..700d928af8 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/supermarket_list.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/supermarket_list.rb
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Chef
 
       def run
         if config[:with_uri]
-          cookbooks = Hash.new
+          cookbooks = {}
           get_cookbook_list.each { |k, v| cookbooks[k] = v["cookbook"] }
           ui.output(format_for_display(cookbooks))
         else
diff --git a/lib/chef/knife/tag_delete.rb b/lib/chef/knife/tag_delete.rb
index e7e6e21a38..1c9f2185d7 100644
--- a/lib/chef/knife/tag_delete.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/knife/tag_delete.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Chef
         end
 
         node = Chef::Node.load name
-        deleted_tags = Array.new
+        deleted_tags = []
         tags.each do |tag|
           unless node.tags.delete(tag).nil?
             deleted_tags << tag
diff --git a/lib/chef/mixin/api_version_request_handling.rb b/lib/chef/mixin/api_version_request_handling.rb
index a4e657ac9e..c2f7a3203f 100644
--- a/lib/chef/mixin/api_version_request_handling.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/mixin/api_version_request_handling.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Chef
         return nil if exception.response.code != "406" || exception.response["x-ops-server-api-version"].nil?
 
         # intersection of versions the server and client support, will be of length zero if no intersection
-        server_supported_client_versions = Array.new
+        server_supported_client_versions = []
 
         header = Chef::JSONCompat.from_json(exception.response["x-ops-server-api-version"])
         min_server_version = Integer(header["min_version"])
diff --git a/lib/chef/mixin/windows_architecture_helper.rb b/lib/chef/mixin/windows_architecture_helper.rb
index 96e1b8d34e..ec7f675825 100644
--- a/lib/chef/mixin/windows_architecture_helper.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/mixin/windows_architecture_helper.rb
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ class Chef
         node ||= begin
           os_arch = ENV["PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432"] ||
             ENV["PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE"]
-          Hash.new.tap do |n|
-            n[:kernel] = Hash.new
+          {}.tap do |n|
+            n[:kernel] = {}
             n[:kernel][:machine] = os_arch == "AMD64" ? :x86_64 : :i386
           end
         end
diff --git a/lib/chef/node.rb b/lib/chef/node.rb
index cefd656609..a9c37c92de 100644
--- a/lib/chef/node.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/node.rb
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ class Chef
 
     def self.list_by_environment(environment, inflate = false)
       if inflate
-        response = Hash.new
+        response = {}
         Chef::Search::Query.new.search(:node, "chef_environment:#{environment}") { |n| response[n.name] = n unless n.nil? }
         response
       else
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ class Chef
 
     def self.list(inflate = false)
       if inflate
-        response = Hash.new
+        response = {}
         Chef::Search::Query.new.search(:node) do |n|
           n = Chef::Node.from_hash(n)
           response[n.name] = n unless n.nil?
diff --git a/lib/chef/node/immutable_collections.rb b/lib/chef/node/immutable_collections.rb
index 994d5c37e4..b4a7a39ba0 100644
--- a/lib/chef/node/immutable_collections.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/node/immutable_collections.rb
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class Chef
       end
 
       def to_h
-        h = Hash.new
+        h = {}
         each_pair do |k, v|
           h[k] =
             case v
diff --git a/lib/chef/provider/ifconfig.rb b/lib/chef/provider/ifconfig.rb
index 992d2ae144..6a196081ca 100644
--- a/lib/chef/provider/ifconfig.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/provider/ifconfig.rb
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ class Chef
                 @int_name = "nil"
               elsif line.match(addr_regex)[2] == ""
                 @int_name = line.match(addr_regex)[1]
-                @interfaces[@int_name] = Hash.new
+                @interfaces[@int_name] = {}
                 @interfaces[@int_name]["mtu"] = (line =~ /mtu (\S+)/ ? Regexp.last_match(1) : "nil") if line =~ /mtu/ && @interfaces[@int_name]["mtu"].nil?
               else
                 @int_name = "#{line.match(addr_regex)[1]}:#{line.match(addr_regex)[2]}"
-                @interfaces[@int_name] = Hash.new
+                @interfaces[@int_name] = {}
                 @interfaces[@int_name]["mtu"] = (line =~ /mtu (\S+)/ ? Regexp.last_match(1) : "nil") if line =~ /mtu/ && @interfaces[@int_name]["mtu"].nil?
               end
             else
diff --git a/lib/chef/recipe.rb b/lib/chef/recipe.rb
index 838cac4b5a..154072827e 100644
--- a/lib/chef/recipe.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/recipe.rb
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Chef
       @recipe_name = recipe_name
       @run_context = run_context
       # TODO: 5/19/2010 cw/tim: determine whether this can be removed
-      @params = Hash.new
+      @params = {}
     end
 
     # Used in DSL mixins
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource.rb b/lib/chef/resource.rb
index d5f830063f..eea44e5c69 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource.rb
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class Chef
                 end
 
       @before = nil
-      @params = Hash.new
+      @params = {}
       @provider = nil
       @allowed_actions = self.class.allowed_actions.to_a
       @action = self.class.default_action
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ class Chef
     # json is encoded as expected
     def as_json(*a)
       safe_ivars = instance_variables.map { |ivar| ivar.to_sym } - FORBIDDEN_IVARS
-      instance_vars = Hash.new
+      instance_vars = {}
       safe_ivars.each do |iv|
         instance_vars[iv.to_s.sub(/^@/, "")] = instance_variable_get(iv)
       end
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/apt_package.rb b/lib/chef/resource/apt_package.rb
index b94c480a29..020905d86a 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/apt_package.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/apt_package.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :response_file_variables, Hash,
         description: "A Hash of response file variables in the form of {'VARIABLE' => 'VALUE'}.",
-        default: lazy { Hash.new }, desired_state: false
+        default: lazy { {} }, desired_state: false
 
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/cron.rb b/lib/chef/resource/cron.rb
index ad8e228152..dbc6a998cc 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/cron.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/cron.rb
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :environment, Hash,
         description: "A Hash of environment variables in the form of ({'ENV_VARIABLE' => 'VALUE'}).",
-        default: lazy { Hash.new }
+        default: lazy { {} }
 
       private
 
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/cron_d.rb b/lib/chef/resource/cron_d.rb
index 2c3b0bcb9f..3ebf415c50 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/cron_d.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/cron_d.rb
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :environment, Hash,
         description: "A Hash containing additional arbitrary environment variables under which the cron job will be run in the form of ``({'ENV_VARIABLE' => 'VALUE'})``.",
-        default: lazy { Hash.new }
+        default: lazy { {} }
 
       property :mode, [String, Integer],
         description: "The octal mode of the generated crontab file.",
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/dpkg_package.rb b/lib/chef/resource/dpkg_package.rb
index 9e49dded46..116e17d6a6 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/dpkg_package.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/dpkg_package.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :response_file_variables, Hash,
         description: "A Hash of response file variables in the form of {'VARIABLE' => 'VALUE'}.",
-        default: lazy { Hash.new }, desired_state: false
+        default: lazy { {} }, desired_state: false
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/git.rb b/lib/chef/resource/git.rb
index dfb2921f97..4d5f4ac091 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/git.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/git.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :additional_remotes, Hash,
         description: "A Hash of additional remotes that are added to the git repository configuration.",
-        default: lazy { Hash.new }
+        default: lazy { {} }
 
       alias :branch :revision
       alias :reference :revision
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/http_request.rb b/lib/chef/resource/http_request.rb
index efcb807ed4..efcb379640 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/http_request.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/http_request.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class Chef
       property :url, String, identity: true,
                description: "The URL to which an HTTP request is sent."
 
-      property :headers, Hash, default: lazy { Hash.new },
+      property :headers, Hash, default: lazy { {} },
                description: "A Hash of custom headers."
 
       def initialize(name, run_context = nil)
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/openssl_x509_certificate.rb b/lib/chef/resource/openssl_x509_certificate.rb
index 54971e421d..20cf998239 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/openssl_x509_certificate.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/openssl_x509_certificate.rb
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :extensions, Hash,
         description: "Hash of X509 Extensions entries, in format { 'keyUsage' => { 'values' => %w( keyEncipherment digitalSignature), 'critical' => true } }.",
-        default: lazy { Hash.new }
+        default: lazy { {} }
 
       property :subject_alt_name, Array,
         description: "Array of Subject Alternative Name entries, in format DNS:example.com or IP:1.2.3.4.",
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/remote_file.rb b/lib/chef/resource/remote_file.rb
index 7dcfeb3c2c..4b35b18edf 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/remote_file.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/remote_file.rb
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :ftp_active_mode, [ TrueClass, FalseClass ], default: false
 
-      property :headers, Hash, default: lazy { Hash.new }
+      property :headers, Hash, default: lazy { {} }
 
       property :show_progress, [ TrueClass, FalseClass ], default: false
 
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource/template.rb b/lib/chef/resource/template.rb
index 27002c4a03..443dd40470 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource/template.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource/template.rb
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class Chef
 
       property :variables, Hash,
         description: "The variables property of the template resource can be used to reference a partial template file by using a Hash.",
-        default: lazy { Hash.new }
+        default: lazy { {} }
 
       property :cookbook, String,
         description: "The cookbook in which a file is located (if it is not located in the current cookbook). The default value is the current cookbook.",
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_collection_serialization.rb b/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_collection_serialization.rb
index fb9480a780..75adddefb8 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_collection_serialization.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_collection_serialization.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class Chef
     module ResourceCollectionSerialization
       # Serialize this object as a hash
       def to_h
-        instance_vars = Hash.new
+        instance_vars = {}
         instance_variables.each do |iv|
           instance_vars[iv] = instance_variable_get(iv)
         end
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_list.rb b/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_list.rb
index afd80799a1..2bcbc8de0f 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_list.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_list.rb
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Chef
       def_delegators :resources, *(direct_access_methods)
 
       def initialize
-        @resources = Array.new
+        @resources = []
         @insert_after_idx = nil
       end
 
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_set.rb b/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_set.rb
index c515e68b38..c3d7322b5d 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_set.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource_collection/resource_set.rb
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class Chef
       NAMELESS_RESOURCE_MATCH = /^([^\[\]\s]+)$/.freeze
 
       def initialize
-        @resources_by_key = Hash.new
+        @resources_by_key = {}
       end
 
       def keys
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class Chef
       # Raises an ArgumentError if you feed it bad lookup information
       # Raises a Runtime Error if it can't find the resources you are looking for.
       def find(*args)
-        results = Array.new
+        results = []
         args.each do |arg|
           case arg
             when Hash
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class Chef
       end
 
       def find_resource_by_hash(arg)
-        results = Array.new
+        results = []
         arg.each do |resource_type, name_list|
           instance_names = name_list.kind_of?(Array) ? name_list : [ name_list ]
           instance_names.each do |instance_name|
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Chef
         rescue Chef::Exceptions::ResourceNotFound => e
           if arg =~ MULTIPLE_RESOURCE_MATCH
             begin
-              results = Array.new
+              results = []
               resource_type = $1
               arg =~ /^.+\[(.+)\]$/
               resource_list = $1
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource_definition.rb b/lib/chef/resource_definition.rb
index 9d91fb4cb3..d36eef1c6b 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource_definition.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource_definition.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Chef
 
     def initialize(node = nil)
       @name = nil
-      @params = Hash.new
+      @params = {}
       @recipe = nil
       @node = node
     end
diff --git a/lib/chef/resource_definition_list.rb b/lib/chef/resource_definition_list.rb
index 0dbc115ada..d28a8f4bd5 100644
--- a/lib/chef/resource_definition_list.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/resource_definition_list.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Chef
     attr_accessor :defines
 
     def initialize
-      @defines = Hash.new
+      @defines = {}
     end
 
     def define(resource_name, prototype_params = nil, &block)
diff --git a/lib/chef/role.rb b/lib/chef/role.rb
index a73b9d5183..0652708f70 100644
--- a/lib/chef/role.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/role.rb
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class Chef
     # Get the list of all roles from the API.
     def self.list(inflate = false)
       if inflate
-        response = Hash.new
+        response = {}
         Chef::Search::Query.new.search(:role) do |n|
           response[n.name] = n unless n.nil?
         end
diff --git a/lib/chef/run_context.rb b/lib/chef/run_context.rb
index 49b904aeed..467b2997fd 100644
--- a/lib/chef/run_context.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/run_context.rb
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class Chef
       @logger = logger || Chef::Log.with_child
       @cookbook_collection = cookbook_collection
       self.node = node if node
-      @definitions = Hash.new
+      @definitions = {}
       @loaded_recipes_hash = {}
       @loaded_attributes_hash = {}
       @reboot_info = {}
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class Chef
     # @see DSL::IncludeRecipe#include_recipe
     #
     def include_recipe(*recipe_names, current_cookbook: nil)
-      result_recipes = Array.new
+      result_recipes = []
       recipe_names.flatten.each do |recipe_name|
         if result = load_recipe(recipe_name, current_cookbook: current_cookbook)
           result_recipes << result
diff --git a/lib/chef/run_list/run_list_expansion.rb b/lib/chef/run_list/run_list_expansion.rb
index c60a7e64d3..99fcdcfd58 100644
--- a/lib/chef/run_list/run_list_expansion.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/run_list/run_list_expansion.rb
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class Chef
 
       def initialize(environment, run_list_items, source = nil)
         @environment = environment
-        @missing_roles_with_including_role = Array.new
+        @missing_roles_with_including_role = []
 
         @run_list_items = run_list_items.dup
         @source = source
diff --git a/lib/chef/run_list/versioned_recipe_list.rb b/lib/chef/run_list/versioned_recipe_list.rb
index 182c749b46..6083dae953 100644
--- a/lib/chef/run_list/versioned_recipe_list.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/run_list/versioned_recipe_list.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Chef
 
       def initialize
         super
-        @versions = Hash.new
+        @versions = {}
       end
 
       def add_recipe(name, version = nil)
diff --git a/lib/chef/search/query.rb b/lib/chef/search/query.rb
index 46e5c15b8f..d80f5d810a 100644
--- a/lib/chef/search/query.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/search/query.rb
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ class Chef
       end
 
       def hashify_args(*args)
-        return Hash.new if args.empty?
+        return {} if args.empty?
         return args.first if args.first.is_a?(Hash)
 
-        args_h = Hash.new
+        args_h = {}
         # If we have 4 arguments, the first is the now-removed sort option, so
         # just ignore it.
         args.pop(0) if args.length == 4
diff --git a/lib/chef/train_transport.rb b/lib/chef/train_transport.rb
index fdb4b5305a..fa7e85c9c1 100644
--- a/lib/chef/train_transport.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/train_transport.rb
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class Chef
     def self.build_transport(logger = Chef::Log.with_child(subsystem: "transport"))
       # TODO: Consider supporting parsing the protocol from a URI passed to `--target`
       #
-      train_config = Hash.new
+      train_config = {}
 
       # Load the target_mode config context from Chef::Config, and place any valid settings into the train configuration
       tm_config = Chef::Config.target_mode
diff --git a/lib/chef/user.rb b/lib/chef/user.rb
index 99ade65150..91749cc158 100644
--- a/lib/chef/user.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/user.rb
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class Chef
     # into the form
     # { "USERNAME" => "URI" }
     def self.transform_ohc_list_response(response)
-      new_response = Hash.new
+      new_response = {}
       response.each do |u|
         name = u["user"]["username"]
         new_response[name] = Chef::Config[:chef_server_url] + "/users/#{name}"
diff --git a/lib/chef/user_v1.rb b/lib/chef/user_v1.rb
index baf3a67ec5..786bc3a057 100644
--- a/lib/chef/user_v1.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/user_v1.rb
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class Chef
     # into the form
     # { "USERNAME" => "URI" }
     def self.transform_list_response(response)
-      new_response = Hash.new
+      new_response = {}
       response.each do |u|
         name = u["user"]["username"]
         new_response[name] = Chef::Config[:chef_server_url] + "/users/#{name}"
diff --git a/lib/chef/util/dsc/lcm_output_parser.rb b/lib/chef/util/dsc/lcm_output_parser.rb
index 63cc16fa39..e6c6147b42 100644
--- a/lib/chef/util/dsc/lcm_output_parser.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/util/dsc/lcm_output_parser.rb
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Chef
 
           def self.test_dsc_parser(lcm_output)
             lcm_output ||= ""
-            current_resource = Hash.new
+            current_resource = {}
 
             resources = []
             lcm_output.lines.each do |line|
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class Chef
 
           def self.what_if_parser(lcm_output)
             lcm_output ||= ""
-            current_resource = Hash.new
+            current_resource = {}
 
             resources = []
             lcm_output.lines.each do |line|
diff --git a/lib/chef/util/windows/net_use.rb b/lib/chef/util/windows/net_use.rb
index 0c870b5121..9e6735429b 100644
--- a/lib/chef/util/windows/net_use.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/util/windows/net_use.rb
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Chef::Util::Windows::NetUse < Chef::Util::Windows
   def add(args)
     if args.class == String
       remote = args
-      args = Hash.new
+      args = {}
       args[:remote] = remote
     end
     args[:local] ||= use_name
diff --git a/lib/chef/win32/version.rb b/lib/chef/win32/version.rb
index 93e09d3c83..7994bd3c12 100644
--- a/lib/chef/win32/version.rb
+++ b/lib/chef/win32/version.rb
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Chef
         @sku = get_product_info(@major_version, @minor_version, @sp_major_version, @sp_minor_version)
       end
 
-      marketing_names = Array.new
+      marketing_names = []
 
       # General Windows checks
       WIN_VERSIONS.each do |k, v|
diff --git a/spec/functional/dsl/reboot_pending_spec.rb b/spec/functional/dsl/reboot_pending_spec.rb
index 855a38b9cf..89701802b3 100644
--- a/spec/functional/dsl/reboot_pending_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/functional/dsl/reboot_pending_spec.rb
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ describe Chef::DSL::RebootPending, :windows_only do
     let(:reg_key) { nil }
     let(:original_set) { false }
 
-    before(:all) { @any_flag = Hash.new }
+    before(:all) { @any_flag = {} }
 
     after { @any_flag[reg_key] = original_set }
 
diff --git a/spec/functional/knife/ssh_spec.rb b/spec/functional/knife/ssh_spec.rb
index 95e7b6454c..929c4dc693 100644
--- a/spec/functional/knife/ssh_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/functional/knife/ssh_spec.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ describe Chef::Knife::Ssh do
     @server.stop
   end
 
-  let(:ssh_config) { Hash.new }
+  let(:ssh_config) { {} }
   before do
     allow(Net::SSH).to receive(:configuration_for).and_return(ssh_config)
   end
diff --git a/spec/support/shared/unit/platform_introspector.rb b/spec/support/shared/unit/platform_introspector.rb
index 0354c3a33c..3b07fdd367 100644
--- a/spec/support/shared/unit/platform_introspector.rb
+++ b/spec/support/shared/unit/platform_introspector.rb
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ shared_examples_for "a platform introspector" do
   end
 
   it "returns a default value when there is no known platform" do
-    node = Hash.new
+    node = {}
     expect(platform_introspector.value_for_platform(@platform_hash)).to eq("default")
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/support/shared/unit/windows_script_resource.rb b/spec/support/shared/unit/windows_script_resource.rb
index 5b559bb83b..29238a3917 100644
--- a/spec/support/shared/unit/windows_script_resource.rb
+++ b/spec/support/shared/unit/windows_script_resource.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ shared_examples_for "a Windows script resource" do
   before(:each) do
     node = Chef::Node.new
 
-    node.default["kernel"] = Hash.new
+    node.default["kernel"] = {}
     node.default["kernel"][:machine] = :x86_64.to_s
 
     run_context = Chef::RunContext.new(node, nil, nil)
diff --git a/spec/unit/api_client_spec.rb b/spec/unit/api_client_spec.rb
index e6b2eec820..f36cbc721d 100644
--- a/spec/unit/api_client_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/api_client_spec.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClient do
   end
 
   it "only allows string values for the name" do
-    expect { @client.name Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has an admin flag attribute" do
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClient do
 
   it "allows only boolean values for the admin flag" do
     expect { @client.admin(false) }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.admin(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.admin({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has a 'validator' flag attribute" do
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClient do
 
   it "allows only boolean values for the 'validator' flag" do
     expect { @client.validator(false) }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.validator(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.validator({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has a public key attribute" do
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClient do
 
   it "accepts only String values for the public key" do
     expect { @client.public_key "" }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.public_key Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.public_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has a private key attribute" do
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClient do
 
   it "accepts only String values for the private key" do
     expect { @client.private_key "" }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.private_key Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.private_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   describe "when serializing to JSON" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/api_client_v1_spec.rb b/spec/unit/api_client_v1_spec.rb
index 6c4e7fe188..3bad466a13 100644
--- a/spec/unit/api_client_v1_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/api_client_v1_spec.rb
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClientV1 do
   end
 
   it "only allows string values for the name" do
-    expect { @client.name Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has an admin flag attribute" do
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClientV1 do
 
   it "allows only boolean values for the admin flag" do
     expect { @client.admin(false) }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.admin(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.admin({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has an create_key flag attribute" do
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClientV1 do
 
   it "allows only boolean values for the create_key flag" do
     expect { @client.create_key(false) }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.create_key(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.create_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has a 'validator' flag attribute" do
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClientV1 do
 
   it "allows only boolean values for the 'validator' flag" do
     expect { @client.validator(false) }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.validator(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.validator({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has a public key attribute" do
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClientV1 do
 
   it "accepts only String values for the public key" do
     expect { @client.public_key "" }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.public_key Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.public_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "has a private key attribute" do
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe Chef::ApiClientV1 do
 
   it "accepts only String values for the private key" do
     expect { @client.private_key "" }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @client.private_key Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @client.private_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   describe "when serializing to JSON" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/chef_fs/config_spec.rb b/spec/unit/chef_fs/config_spec.rb
index f552d454d0..bdb9bc2c72 100644
--- a/spec/unit/chef_fs/config_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/chef_fs/config_spec.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ require "lib/chef/chef_fs/config.rb"
 describe Chef::ChefFS::Config do
   describe "initialize" do
     it "warns when hosted setups use 'everything'" do
-      base_config = Hash.new
+      base_config = {}
       base_config[:repo_mode] = "everything"
       base_config[:chef_server_url] = "http://foo.com/organizations/fake_org/"
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe Chef::ChefFS::Config do
     end
 
     it "doesn't warn when hosted setups use 'hosted_everything'" do
-      base_config = Hash.new
+      base_config = {}
       base_config[:repo_mode] = "hosted_everything"
       base_config[:chef_server_url] = "http://foo.com/organizations/fake_org/"
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ describe Chef::ChefFS::Config do
     end
 
     it "doesn't warn when non-hosted setups use 'everything'" do
-      base_config = Hash.new
+      base_config = {}
       base_config[:repo_mode] = "everything"
       base_config[:chef_server_url] = "http://foo.com/"
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/cookbook_loader_spec.rb b/spec/unit/cookbook_loader_spec.rb
index 9180f13f33..ba9f59c97b 100644
--- a/spec/unit/cookbook_loader_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/cookbook_loader_spec.rb
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe Chef::CookbookLoader do
 
     describe "each" do
       it "should allow you to iterate over cookbooks with each" do
-        seen = Hash.new
+        seen = {}
         cookbook_loader.each_key do |cookbook_name|
           seen[cookbook_name] = true
         end
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe Chef::CookbookLoader do
       end
 
       it "should iterate in alphabetical order" do
-        seen = Array.new
+        seen = []
         cookbook_loader.each_key do |cookbook_name|
           seen << cookbook_name
         end
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ describe Chef::CookbookLoader do
     end
 
     it "should have loaded the correct cookbook" do
-      seen = Hash.new
+      seen = {}
       cookbook_loader.each_key do |cookbook_name|
         seen[cookbook_name] = true
       end
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ describe Chef::CookbookLoader do
     end
 
     it "should not load the other cookbooks" do
-      seen = Hash.new
+      seen = {}
       cookbook_loader.each_key do |cookbook_name|
         seen[cookbook_name] = true
       end
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ describe Chef::CookbookLoader do
       end
 
       it "should load all cookbooks" do
-        seen = Hash.new
+        seen = {}
         cookbook_loader.each_key do |cookbook_name|
           seen[cookbook_name] = true
         end
diff --git a/spec/unit/data_bag_item_spec.rb b/spec/unit/data_bag_item_spec.rb
index 3c3420a55a..78953c6b6f 100644
--- a/spec/unit/data_bag_item_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/data_bag_item_spec.rb
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe Chef::DataBagItem do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but a string" do
-      expect { data_bag_item.data_bag Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { data_bag_item.data_bag({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/data_bag_spec.rb b/spec/unit/data_bag_spec.rb
index 388c35232f..4b0ba42172 100644
--- a/spec/unit/data_bag_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/data_bag_spec.rb
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ describe Chef::DataBag do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but a string" do
-      expect { @data_bag.name Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @data_bag.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
 
     [ ".", "-", "_", "1"].each do |char|
diff --git a/spec/unit/dsl/data_query_spec.rb b/spec/unit/dsl/data_query_spec.rb
index f93f07bc52..00a1f47fcf 100644
--- a/spec/unit/dsl/data_query_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/dsl/data_query_spec.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class DataQueryDSLTester
 end
 
 describe Chef::DSL::DataQuery do
-  let(:node) { Hash.new }
+  let(:node) { {} }
 
   let(:language) do
     language = DataQueryDSLTester.new
diff --git a/spec/unit/environment_spec.rb b/spec/unit/environment_spec.rb
index 4da3a9fa0e..42906ef772 100644
--- a/spec/unit/environment_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/environment_spec.rb
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ describe Chef::Environment do
     end
 
     it "should not accept anything but strings" do
-      expect { @environment.name(Array.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
-      expect { @environment.name(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @environment.name([]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @environment.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
       expect { @environment.name(2) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ describe Chef::Environment do
     end
 
     it "should not accept anything but strings" do
-      expect { @environment.description(Array.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
-      expect { @environment.description(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @environment.description([]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @environment.description({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
       expect { @environment.description(42) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ describe Chef::Environment do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if we aren't a kind of hash" do
-      expect { @environment.default_attributes(Array.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @environment.default_attributes([]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe Chef::Environment do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if we aren't a kind of hash" do
-      expect { @environment.override_attributes(Array.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @environment.override_attributes([]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ describe Chef::Environment do
 
     it "should not accept anything but a hash" do
       expect { @environment.cookbook_versions("I am a string!") }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
-      expect { @environment.cookbook_versions(Array.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @environment.cookbook_versions([]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
       expect { @environment.cookbook_versions(42) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ describe Chef::Environment do
     end
 
     it "should return false if anything other than a hash is passed as the argument" do
-      expect(Chef::Environment.validate_cookbook_versions(Array.new)).to eq(false)
+      expect(Chef::Environment.validate_cookbook_versions([])).to eq(false)
       expect(Chef::Environment.validate_cookbook_versions(42)).to eq(false)
       expect(Chef::Environment.validate_cookbook_versions(Chef::CookbookVersion.new("meta"))).to eq(false)
       expect(Chef::Environment.validate_cookbook_versions("cookbook => 1.2.3")).to eq(false)
diff --git a/spec/unit/guard_interpreter/resource_guard_interpreter_spec.rb b/spec/unit/guard_interpreter/resource_guard_interpreter_spec.rb
index b2ca8704b0..6d7f31c6f1 100644
--- a/spec/unit/guard_interpreter/resource_guard_interpreter_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/guard_interpreter/resource_guard_interpreter_spec.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe Chef::GuardInterpreter::ResourceGuardInterpreter do
   let(:node) do
     node = Chef::Node.new
 
-    node.default["kernel"] = Hash.new
+    node.default["kernel"] = {}
     node.default["kernel"][:machine] = :x86_64.to_s
     node.automatic[:os] = "windows"
     node
diff --git a/spec/unit/http/authenticator_spec.rb b/spec/unit/http/authenticator_spec.rb
index a2d4cb4815..89fff82f04 100644
--- a/spec/unit/http/authenticator_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/http/authenticator_spec.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe Chef::HTTP::Authenticator do
   let(:class_instance) { Chef::HTTP::Authenticator.new(client_name: "test") }
   let(:method) { "GET" }
   let(:url) { URI("https://chef.example.com/organizations/test") }
-  let(:headers) { Hash.new }
+  let(:headers) { {} }
   let(:data) { "" }
 
   context "when handle_request is called" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/key_spec.rb b/spec/unit/key_spec.rb
index e3d9f8e7ad..efae549490 100644
--- a/spec/unit/key_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/key_spec.rb
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ describe Chef::Key do
 
     context "when you feed it anything but a string" do
       it "should raise an ArgumentError" do
-        expect { key.send(field, Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+        expect { key.send(field, {}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/client_bulk_delete_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/client_bulk_delete_spec.rb
index 21bac9d0c0..770ba8762f 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/client_bulk_delete_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/client_bulk_delete_spec.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ describe Chef::Knife::ClientBulkDelete do
 
   let(:nonvalidator_client_names) { %w{tim dan stephen} }
   let(:nonvalidator_clients) do
-    clients = Hash.new
+    clients = {}
 
     nonvalidator_client_names.each do |client_name|
       client = Chef::ApiClientV1.new
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ describe Chef::Knife::ClientBulkDelete do
 
   let(:validator_client_names) { %w{myorg-validator} }
   let(:validator_clients) do
-    clients = Hash.new
+    clients = {}
 
     validator_client_names.each do |validator_client_name|
       validator_client = Chef::ApiClientV1.new
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/cookbook_bulk_delete_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/cookbook_bulk_delete_spec.rb
index c8c1873081..d01213227b 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/cookbook_bulk_delete_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/cookbook_bulk_delete_spec.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ describe Chef::Knife::CookbookBulkDelete do
     allow(@knife.ui).to receive(:stdout).and_return(@stdout)
     allow(@knife.ui).to receive(:stderr).and_return(@stderr)
     allow(@knife.ui).to receive(:confirm).and_return(true)
-    @cookbooks = Hash.new
+    @cookbooks = {}
     %w{cheezburger pizza lasagna}.each do |cookbook_name|
       cookbook = Chef::CookbookVersion.new(cookbook_name)
       @cookbooks[cookbook_name] = cookbook
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/key_create_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/key_create_spec.rb
index fcbfd40381..6437ba2bcd 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/key_create_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/key_create_spec.rb
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Tfuc9dUYsFjptWYrV6pfEQ+bgo1OGBXORBFcFL+2D7u9JYquKrMgosznHoEkQNLo
 0wIDAQAB
 -----END PUBLIC KEY-----"
   end
-  let(:config) { Hash.new }
+  let(:config) { {} }
   let(:actor) { "charmander" }
   let(:ui) { instance_double("Chef::Knife::UI") }
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/key_edit_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/key_edit_spec.rb
index 7c409f5ea0..1f8067c160 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/key_edit_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/key_edit_spec.rb
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Tfuc9dUYsFjptWYrV6pfEQ+bgo1OGBXORBFcFL+2D7u9JYquKrMgosznHoEkQNLo
 0wIDAQAB
 -----END PUBLIC KEY-----"
   end
-  let(:config) { Hash.new }
+  let(:config) { {} }
   let(:actor) { "charmander" }
   let(:keyname) { "charmander-key" }
   let(:ui) { instance_double("Chef::Knife::UI") }
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/key_list_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/key_list_spec.rb
index e221a4da72..c65a11b08c 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/key_list_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/key_list_spec.rb
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe "key list commands that inherit knife" do
 end
 
 describe Chef::Knife::KeyList do
-  let(:config) { Hash.new }
+  let(:config) { {} }
   let(:actor) { "charmander" }
   let(:ui) { instance_double("Chef::Knife::UI") }
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/node_bulk_delete_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/node_bulk_delete_spec.rb
index b955b5de6c..b97df004a3 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/node_bulk_delete_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/node_bulk_delete_spec.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe Chef::Knife::NodeBulkDelete do
     @stdout = StringIO.new
     allow(@knife.ui).to receive(:stdout).and_return(@stdout)
     allow(@knife.ui).to receive(:confirm).and_return(true)
-    @nodes = Hash.new
+    @nodes = {}
     %w{adam brent jacob}.each do |node_name|
       @nodes[node_name] = "http://localhost:4000/nodes/#{node_name}"
     end
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/role_bulk_delete_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/role_bulk_delete_spec.rb
index c39a8ec652..07a9b484c4 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/role_bulk_delete_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/role_bulk_delete_spec.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ describe Chef::Knife::RoleBulkDelete do
     @stdout = StringIO.new
     allow(@knife.ui).to receive(:stdout).and_return(@stdout)
     allow(@knife.ui).to receive(:confirm).and_return(true)
-    @roles = Hash.new
+    @roles = {}
     %w{dev staging production}.each do |role_name|
       role = Chef::Role.new
       role.name(role_name)
diff --git a/spec/unit/knife/supermarket_install_spec.rb b/spec/unit/knife/supermarket_install_spec.rb
index d891de9268..801fb74802 100644
--- a/spec/unit/knife/supermarket_install_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/knife/supermarket_install_spec.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe Chef::Knife::SupermarketInstall do
   let(:knife) { Chef::Knife::SupermarketInstall.new }
   let(:stdout) { StringIO.new }
   let(:stderr) { StringIO.new }
-  let(:downloader) { Hash.new }
+  let(:downloader) { {} }
   let(:archive) { double(Mixlib::Archive, extract: true) }
   let(:repo) do
     double(sanity_check: true, reset_to_default_state: true,
diff --git a/spec/unit/mixin/params_validate_spec.rb b/spec/unit/mixin/params_validate_spec.rb
index 5f29095bcb..489742cb7d 100644
--- a/spec/unit/mixin/params_validate_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/mixin/params_validate_spec.rb
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate do
   it "should require validation map keys to be symbols or strings" do
     expect { @vo.validate({ one: "two" }, { one: true }) }.not_to raise_error
     expect { @vo.validate({ one: "two" }, { "one" => true }) }.not_to raise_error
-    expect { @vo.validate({ one: "two" }, { Hash.new => true }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { @vo.validate({ one: "two" }, { {} => true }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "should allow options to be required with true" do
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ describe Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate do
   end
 
   it "should let you set a default value with default => value" do
-    arguments = Hash.new
+    arguments = {}
     @vo.validate(arguments, {
       one: {
         default: "is the loneliest number",
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ describe Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate do
     end.not_to raise_error
     expect do
       @vo.validate(
-        { one: Hash.new },
+        { one: {} },
         {
           one: {
             kind_of: [ String, Array ],
diff --git a/spec/unit/mixin/windows_architecture_helper_spec.rb b/spec/unit/mixin/windows_architecture_helper_spec.rb
index 06acbe49c9..7d4e18d23c 100644
--- a/spec/unit/mixin/windows_architecture_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/mixin/windows_architecture_helper_spec.rb
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ describe Chef::Mixin::WindowsArchitectureHelper do
   def with_node_architecture_combinations
     @valid_architectures.each do |node_architecture|
       new_node = Chef::Node.new
-      new_node.default["kernel"] = Hash.new
+      new_node.default["kernel"] = {}
       new_node.default["kernel"][:machine] = node_architecture.to_s
 
       @valid_architectures.each do |architecture|
diff --git a/spec/unit/node/attribute_spec.rb b/spec/unit/node/attribute_spec.rb
index 1b9a9841e5..5055941d06 100644
--- a/spec/unit/node/attribute_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/node/attribute_spec.rb
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
     end
 
     it "should yield each top level key" do
-      collect = Array.new
+      collect = []
       @attributes.each_key do |k|
         collect << k
       end
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
     end
 
     it "should yield lower if we go deeper" do
-      collect = Array.new
+      collect = []
       @attributes["one"].each_key do |k|
         collect << k
       end
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
     end
 
     it "should yield each top level key and value, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Hash.new
+      collect = {}
       @attributes.each do |k, v|
         collect[k] = v
       end
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
     end
 
     it "should yield each top level key, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Array.new
+      collect = []
       @attributes.each_key do |k|
         collect << k
       end
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
     end
 
     it "should yield each top level key and value pair, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Hash.new
+      collect = {}
       @attributes.each_pair do |k, v|
         collect[k] = v
       end
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
     end
 
     it "should yield each value, post merge rules" do
-      collect = Array.new
+      collect = []
       @attributes.each_value do |v|
         collect << v
       end
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ describe Chef::Node::Attribute do
     end
 
     it "should yield four elements" do
-      collect = Array.new
+      collect = []
       @attributes.each_value do |v|
         collect << v
       end
diff --git a/spec/unit/node_spec.rb b/spec/unit/node_spec.rb
index c071e82fae..0fe375a4df 100644
--- a/spec/unit/node_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/node_spec.rb
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describe Chef::Node do
     end
 
     it "should always have a string for name" do
-      expect { node.name(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { node.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
 
     it "cannot be blank" do
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ describe Chef::Node do
     end
 
     it "should disallow non-strings" do
-      expect { node.chef_environment(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { node.chef_environment({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
       expect { node.chef_environment(42) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ describe Chef::Node do
     end
 
     it "disallows non-strings" do
-      expect { node.policy_name(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed)
+      expect { node.policy_name({}) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed)
       expect { node.policy_name(42) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed)
     end
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ describe Chef::Node do
     end
 
     it "disallows non-strings" do
-      expect { node.policy_group(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed)
+      expect { node.policy_group({}) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed)
       expect { node.policy_group(42) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed)
     end
 
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ describe Chef::Node do
     it "should allow you to iterate over attributes with each_attribute" do
       node.default["sunshine"] = "is bright"
       node.default["canada"] = "is a nice place"
-      seen_attributes = Hash.new
+      seen_attributes = {}
       node.each_attribute do |a, v|
         seen_attributes[a] = v
       end
diff --git a/spec/unit/org_spec.rb b/spec/unit/org_spec.rb
index 79a29b1fff..b291b7cb86 100644
--- a/spec/unit/org_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/org_spec.rb
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ describe Chef::Org do
     end
 
     it "raises an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but a string" do
-      expect { org.name Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { org.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe Chef::Org do
     end
 
     it "raises an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but a string" do
-      expect { org.name Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { org.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ describe Chef::Org do
     end
 
     it "raises an ArgumentError if you feed it something lame" do
-      expect { org.private_key Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { org.private_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/provider/powershell_script_spec.rb b/spec/unit/provider/powershell_script_spec.rb
index a247c26651..be4df761d2 100644
--- a/spec/unit/provider/powershell_script_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/provider/powershell_script_spec.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe Chef::Provider::PowershellScript, "action_run" do
   let(:powershell_version) { nil }
   let(:node) do
     node = Chef::Node.new
-    node.default["kernel"] = Hash.new
+    node.default["kernel"] = {}
     node.default["kernel"][:machine] = :x86_64.to_s
     if ! powershell_version.nil?
       node.default[:languages] = { powershell: { version: powershell_version } }
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource/batch_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource/batch_spec.rb
index c161428a13..dd3082100e 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource/batch_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource/batch_spec.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe Chef::Resource::Batch do
   let(:node) { Chef::Node.new }
 
   before(:each) do
-    node.default["kernel"] = Hash.new
+    node.default["kernel"] = {}
     node.default["kernel"][:machine] = :x86_64.to_s
     node.automatic[:os] = "windows"
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource/directory_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource/directory_spec.rb
index 3dd68211db..0c0c0d8287 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource/directory_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource/directory_spec.rb
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe Chef::Resource::Directory do
   it "accepts a string as the path" do
     expect { resource.path "/tmp" }.not_to raise_error
     expect(resource.path).to eql("/tmp")
-    expect { resource.path Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { resource.path({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "allows you to have specify whether the action is recursive with true/false" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource/file_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource/file_spec.rb
index 54dc8ab92b..b49fc4564b 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource/file_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource/file_spec.rb
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ describe Chef::Resource::File do
   it "accepts a string as the path" do
     expect { resource.path "/tmp" }.not_to raise_error
     expect(resource.path).to eql("/tmp")
-    expect { resource.path Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { resource.path({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   describe "when it has a path, owner, group, mode, and checksum" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource/link_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource/link_spec.rb
index 05a39835d8..ae32e4aa30 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource/link_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource/link_spec.rb
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe Chef::Resource::Link do
   end
 
   it "does not accept a Hash for the link source via 'to'" do
-    expect { resource.to Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { resource.to({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "allows you to set a link source via 'to'" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource/powershell_script_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource/powershell_script_spec.rb
index a1c5e4c5b0..34d530c1a2 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource/powershell_script_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource/powershell_script_spec.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe Chef::Resource::PowershellScript do
   before(:each) do
     node = Chef::Node.new
 
-    node.default["kernel"] = Hash.new
+    node.default["kernel"] = {}
     node.default["kernel"][:machine] = :x86_64.to_s
     node.automatic[:os] = "windows"
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource/windows_env_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource/windows_env_spec.rb
index 06b5af630a..3ba5b18881 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource/windows_env_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource/windows_env_spec.rb
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe Chef::Resource::WindowsEnv do
   end
 
   it "does not accept a Hash for the env value via 'to'" do
-    expect { resource.value Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect { resource.value({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "allows you to set an env value via 'to'" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource_collection/resource_set_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource_collection/resource_set_spec.rb
index 60053d2b71..30a55cd3e1 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource_collection/resource_set_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource_collection/resource_set_spec.rb
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ describe Chef::ResourceCollection::ResourceSet do
     end
 
     it "should raise an exception if you pass something other than a string or hash to resource" do
-      expect { collection.find([Array.new]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { collection.find([[]]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
 
     it "raises an error when attempting to find a resource that does not exist" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource_collection_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource_collection_spec.rb
index a26616d454..60f17b6934 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource_collection_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource_collection_spec.rb
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe Chef::ResourceCollection do
   describe "each" do
     it "should allow you to iterate over every resource in the collection" do
       load_up_resources
-      results = Array.new
+      results = []
       expect do
         rc.each do |r|
           results << r.name
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ describe Chef::ResourceCollection do
   describe "each_index" do
     it "should allow you to iterate over every resource by index" do
       load_up_resources
-      results = Array.new
+      results = []
       expect do
         rc.each_index do |i|
           results << rc[i].name
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ describe Chef::ResourceCollection do
     end
 
     it "should raise an exception if you pass something other than a string or hash to resource" do
-      expect { rc.resources([Array.new]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { rc.resources([[]]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
 
     it "raises an error when attempting to find a resource that does not exist" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/resource_definition_spec.rb b/spec/unit/resource_definition_spec.rb
index 2e3fc63260..a1c59eaaca 100644
--- a/spec/unit/resource_definition_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/resource_definition_spec.rb
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ describe Chef::ResourceDefinition do
 
   it "should raise an exception if prototype_params is not a hash" do
     expect do
-      defn.define :monkey, Array.new do
+      defn.define :monkey, [] do
       end
     end.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
diff --git a/spec/unit/role_spec.rb b/spec/unit/role_spec.rb
index 46ee71bb1c..13932ab3ee 100644
--- a/spec/unit/role_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/role_spec.rb
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ describe Chef::Role do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if we aren't a kind of hash" do
-      expect { @role.default_attributes(Array.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @role.default_attributes([]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ describe Chef::Role do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if we aren't a kind of hash" do
-      expect { @role.override_attributes(Array.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @role.override_attributes([]) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/run_list_spec.rb b/spec/unit/run_list_spec.rb
index ac062c665d..5dc877ad9a 100644
--- a/spec/unit/run_list_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/run_list_spec.rb
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ describe Chef::RunList do
     it "should yield each member to your block" do
       @run_list << "foo"
       @run_list << "bar"
-      seen = Array.new
+      seen = []
       @run_list.each { |r| seen << r }
       expect(seen).to be_include("recipe[foo]")
       expect(seen).to be_include("recipe[bar]")
diff --git a/spec/unit/search/query_spec.rb b/spec/unit/search/query_spec.rb
index 151fcb51b3..641e8558ad 100644
--- a/spec/unit/search/query_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/search/query_spec.rb
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ describe Chef::Search::Query do
     it "accepts a type as the first argument" do
       expect { query.search("node") }.not_to raise_error
       expect { query.search(:node) }.not_to raise_error
-      expect { query.search(Hash.new) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::InvalidSearchQuery, /(Hash)/)
+      expect { query.search({}) }.to raise_error(Chef::Exceptions::InvalidSearchQuery, /(Hash)/)
     end
 
     it "queries for every object of a type by default" do
diff --git a/spec/unit/user_spec.rb b/spec/unit/user_spec.rb
index 48dbf010e9..492dc147d9 100644
--- a/spec/unit/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/user_spec.rb
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe Chef::User do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but a string" do
-      expect { @user.name Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @user.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ describe Chef::User do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but true or false" do
-      expect { @user.name Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @user.name({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ describe Chef::User do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it something lame" do
-      expect { @user.public_key Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @user.public_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ describe Chef::User do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it something lame" do
-      expect { @user.private_key Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @user.private_key({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/user_v1_spec.rb b/spec/unit/user_v1_spec.rb
index 37b2252492..4bde7278fe 100644
--- a/spec/unit/user_v1_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/user_v1_spec.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ describe Chef::UserV1 do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it something lame" do
-      expect { @user.send(method, Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @user.send(method, {}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ describe Chef::UserV1 do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but true or false" do
-      expect { @user.send(method, Hash.new) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @user.send(method, {}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ describe Chef::UserV1 do
     end
 
     it "should throw an ArgumentError if you feed it anything but a string" do
-      expect { @user.username Hash.new }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      expect { @user.username({}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/unit/util/editor_spec.rb b/spec/unit/util/editor_spec.rb
index e53bc9662a..ac851a835e 100644
--- a/spec/unit/util/editor_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/unit/util/editor_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ describe Chef::Util::Editor do
     end
 
     it "makes a copy of an Array" do
-      array = Array.new
+      array = []
       editor = described_class.new(array)
       expect(editor.lines).to_not be(array)
     end