path: root/RELEASE_NOTES.md

_This file holds "in progress" release notes for the current release under development and is intended for consumption by the Chef Documentation team. Please see <https://docs.chef.io/release_notes.html> for the official Chef release notes._

# Chef Client Release Notes 13.6:

## `deploy` Resource Is Deprecated

The `deploy` resource (and its alter ego `deploy_revision`) have been deprecated,
to be removed in Chef 14. This is being done because this resource is considered
overcomplicated and error-prone in the modern Chef ecosystem. A compatibility
cookbook will be available to help users migrate during the Chef 14 release
cycle. See [the deprecation documentation](https://docs.chef.io/deprecations_deploy_resource.html)
for more information.

## zypper\_package supports package downgrades

`zypper_package` now supports downgrading installed packages with the
`allow_downgrade` property.

## InSpec updated to 1.42.3

## Reserve certain Data Bag names

It's no longer possible to create data bags named `node`, `role`,
`client`, or `environment`. Existing data bags will continue to work as
before.

## Properly use yum on RHEL 7

If both dnf and yum were installed, in some circumstances the yum
provider might choose to run dnf, which is not what we intended it to
do. It now properly runs yum, all the time.

## Ohai 13.6 Release Notes:

### Critical Plugins

Users can now specify a list of plugins which are `critical`. Critical plugins will cause Ohai to fail if they do not run successfully (and thus cause a Chef run using Ohai to fail). The syntax for this is:

```
ohai.critical_plugins << :Filesystem
```

### Filesystem now has a `allow_partial_data` configuration option

The Filesystem plugin now has a `allow_partial_data` configuration option. If set, the filesystem will return whatever data it can even if some commands it ran failed.

### Rackspace detection on Windows

Windows nodes running on Rackspace will now properly detect themselves as running on Rackspace without a hint file.

### Package data on Amazon Linux

The Packages plugin now supports gathering packages data on Amazon Linux

### Deprecation updates

In Ohai 13 we replaced the filesystem and cloud plugins with the filesystem2 and cloud_v2 plugins. To maintain compatibility with users of the previous V2 plugins we write data to both locations. We had originally planned to continue writing data to both locations until Chef 15. Instead due to the large amount of duplicate node data this introduces we are updating OHAI-11 and OHAI-12 deprecations to remove node['cloud_v2'] and node['filesystem2'] with the release of Chef 14 in April 2018.

# Chef Client Release Notes 13.5:

## Mount's password property is now marked as sensitive

This means that passwords passed to mount won't show up in logs.

## The `windows_task` resource now correctly handles `start_day`

Previously, the resource would accept any date that was formatted
correctly in the local locale, unlike the Windows cookbook and Windows
itself. We now only support the `MM/DD/YYYY` format, in common with the
Windows cookbook.

## InSpec updated to 1.39.1

## Ohai 13.5 Release Notes:

### Correctly detect IPv6 routes ending in ::

Previously we would ignore routes that ended `::`, and now we properly
detect them.

### Plugin run time is now measured

Debug logs will show the length of time each plugin takes to run, making
debugging of long ohai runs easier.

# Chef Client Release Notes 13.4:

## Security release of Ruby

Chef Client 13.4 includes Ruby 2.4.2 to fix the following CVEs:
  * CVE-2017-0898
  * CVE-2017-10784
  * CVE-2017-14033
  * CVE-2017-14064

## Security release of RubyGems

Chef Client 13.4 includes RubyGems 2.6.13 to fix the following CVEs:
  * CVE-2017-0899
  * CVE-2017-0900
  * CVE-2017-0901
  * CVE-2017-0902

## Ifconfig provider on Red Hat now supports additional properties

It is now possible to set `ETHTOOL_OPTS`, `BONDING_OPTS`, `MASTER` and
`SLAVE` properties on interfaces on Red Hat compatible systems. See https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html for further information

### Properties

*   `ethtool\_opts`<br/>
    **Ruby types:** String</br>
    **Platforms:** Fedora, RHEL, Amazon Linux
    A string containing arguments to ethtool. The string will be wrapped
    in double quotes, so ensure that any needed quotes in the property
    are surrounded by single quotes

*   `bonding\_opts`<br/>
    **Ruby types:** String</br>
    **Platforms:** Fedora, RHEL, Amazon Linux
    A string containing configuration parameters for the bonding device.

*   `master`<br/>
    **Ruby types:** String</br>
    **Platforms:** Fedora, RHEL, Amazon Linux
    The channel bonding interface that this interface is linked to.

*   `slave`<br/>
    **Ruby types:** String</br>
    **Platforms:** Fedora, RHEL, Amazon Linux
    Whether the interface is controlled by the channel bonding interface
    defined by `master`, above.

## Chef Vault is now included

Chef Client 13.4 now includes the `chef-vault` gem, making it easier for
users of chef-vault to use their encrypted items.

## Windows `remote_file` resource with alternate credentials

The `remote_file` resource now supports the use of credentials on Windows when accessing a remote UNC path on Windows such as `\\myserver\myshare\mydirectory\myfile.txt`. This
allows access to the file at that path location even if the Chef client process identity does not have permission to access the file. The new properties `remote_user`, `remote_domain`, and `remote_password` may be used to specify credentials with access to the remote file so that it may be read.

**Note**: This feature is mainly used for accessing files between two nodes in different domains and having different user accounts.
In case the two nodes are in same domain, `remote_file` resource does not need `remote_user` and `remote_password` specified because the user has the same access on both systems through the domain.

### Properties

The following properties are new for the `remote_file` resource:

*   `remote_user`</br>
    **Ruby types:** String</br>
    *Windows only:* The user name of a user with access to the remote file specified by the `source` property. Default value: `nil`. The user name may optionally be specifed with a domain, i.e. `domain\user` or `user@my.dns.domain.com` via Universal Principal Name (UPN) format. It can also be specified without a domain simply as `user` if the domain is instead specified using the `remote_domain` attribute. Note that this property is ignored if `source` is not a UNC path. If this property is specified, the `remote_password` property **must** be specified.

*   `remote_password`</br>
    **Ruby types** String</br>
    *Windows only:* The password of the user specified by the `remote_user` property. Default value: `nil`. This property is mandatory if `remote_user` is specified and may only be specified if `remote_user` is specified. The `sensitive` property for this resource will automatically be set to `true` if `remote_password` is specified.

*   `remote_domain`</br>
    **Ruby types** String</br>
    *Windows only:* The domain of the user user specified by the `remote_user` property. Default value: `nil`. If not specified, the user and password properties specified by the `remote_user` and `remote_password` properties will be used to authenticate that user against the domain in which the system hosting the UNC path specified via `source` is joined, or if that system is not joined to a domain it will authenticate the user as a local account on that system. An alternative way to specify the domain is to leave this property unspecified and specify the domain as part of the `remote_user` property.

### Examples

Accessing file from a (different) domain account

```ruby
remote_file "E://domain_test.txt"  do
  source  "\\\\myserver\\myshare\\mydirectory\\myfile.txt"
  remote_domain "domain"
  remote_user "username"
  remote_password "password"
end
```
OR
```ruby
remote_file "E://domain_test.txt"  do
  source  "\\\\myserver\\myshare\\mydirectory\\myfile.txt"
  remote_user "domain\\username"
  remote_password "password"
end
```

Accessing file using a local account on the remote machine

```ruby
remote_file "E://domain_test.txt"  do
  source  "\\\\myserver\\myshare\\mydirectory\\myfile.txt"
  remote_domain "."
  remote_user "username"
  remote_password "password"
end
```
OR
```ruby
remote_file "E://domain_test.txt"  do
  source  "\\\\myserver\\myshare\\mydirectory\\myfile.txt"
  remote_user ".\\username"
  remote_password "password"
end
```

## windows_path resource

`windows_path` resource has been moved to core chef from windows cookbook. Use the `windows_path` resource to manage the path environment variable on Microsoft Windows.

### Actions

- `:add` - Add an item to the system path
- `:remove` - Remove an item from the system path

### Properties

- `path` - Name attribute. The name of the value to add to the system path

### Examples

Add Sysinternals to the system path

```ruby
windows_path 'C:\Sysinternals' do
  action :add
end
```

Remove 7-Zip from the system path

```ruby
windows_path 'C:\7-Zip' do
  action :remove
end
```

## Ohai Release Notes 13.4

### Windows EC2 Detection

Detection of nodes running in EC2 has been greatly improved and should now detect nodes 100% of the time including nodes that have been migrated to EC2 or were built with custom AMIs.

### Azure Metadata Endpoint Detection

Ohai now polls the new Azure metadata endpoint, giving us additional configuration details on nodes running in Azure

Sample data now available under azure:

```javascript
{
  "metadata": {
    "compute": {
      "location": "westus",
      "name": "timtest",
      "offer": "UbuntuServer",
      "osType": "Linux",
      "platformFaultDomain": "0",
      "platformUpdateDomain": "0",
      "publisher": "Canonical",
      "sku": "17.04",
      "version": "17.04.201706191",
      "vmId": "8d523242-71cf-4dff-94c3-1bf660878743",
      "vmSize": "Standard_DS1_v2"
    },
    "network": {
      "interfaces": {
        "000D3A33AF03": {
          "mac": "000D3A33AF03",
          "public_ipv6": [

          ],
          "public_ipv4": [
            "52.160.95.99",
            "23.99.10.211"
          ],
          "local_ipv6": [

          ],
          "local_ipv4": [
            "10.0.1.5",
            "10.0.1.4",
            "10.0.1.7"
          ]
        }
      },
      "public_ipv4": [
        "52.160.95.99",
        "23.99.10.211"
      ],
      "local_ipv4": [
        "10.0.1.5",
        "10.0.1.4",
        "10.0.1.7"
      ],
      "public_ipv6": [

      ],
      "local_ipv6": [

      ]
    }
  }
}
```

### Package Plugin Supports Arch Linux

The Package plugin has been updated to include package information on Arch Linux systems.


# Chef Client Release Notes 13.3:

## Unprivileged Symlink Creation on Windows

Chef can now create symlinks without privilege escalation, which allows for the creation of symlinks on Windows 10 Creator Update.

## nokogiri Gem

The nokogiri gem is once again bundled with the omnibus install of Chef

## zypper_package Options

It is now possible to pass additional options to the zypper in the zypper_package resource. This can be used to pass any zypper CLI option

### Example:

```ruby
zypper_package 'foo' do
  options '--user-provided'
end
```

## windows_task Improvements

The `windows_task` resource now properly allows updating the configuration of a scheduled task when using the `:create` action. Additionally the previous `:change` action from the windows cookbook has been aliased to `:create` to provide backwards compatibility.

## apt_preference Resource

The apt_preference resource has been ported from the apt cookbook. This resource allows for the creation of APT preference files controlling which packages take priority during installation.

Further information regarding apt-pinning is available via <https://wiki.debian.org/AptPreferences> and <https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/apt/apt_preferences.5.en.html>

### Actions

- `:add`: creates a preferences file under /etc/apt/preferences.d
- `:remove`: Removes the file, therefore unpin the package

### Properties

- `package_name`: name attribute. The name of the package
- `glob`: Pin by glob() expression or regexp surrounded by /.
- `pin`: The package version/repository to pin
- `pin_priority`: The pinning priority aka "the highest package version wins"

### Examples

Pin libmysqlclient16 to version 5.1.49-3:

```ruby
apt_preference 'libmysqlclient16' do
  pin          'version 5.1.49-3'
  pin_priority '700'
end
```

Unpin libmysqlclient16:

```ruby
apt_preference 'libmysqlclient16' do
  action :remove
end
```

Pin all packages from dotdeb.org:

```ruby
apt_preference 'dotdeb' do
  glob         '*'
  pin          'origin packages.dotdeb.org'
  pin_priority '700'
end
```

## zypper_repository Resource

The zypper_repository resource allows for the creation of Zypper package repositories on SUSE Enterprise Linux and openSUSE systems. This resource maintains full compatibility with the resource in the existing [zypper](https://supermarket.chef.io/cookbooks/zypper) cookbooks

### Actions

- `:add` - adds a repo
- `:delete` - removes a repo

### Properties

- `repo_name` - repository name if different from the resource name (name property)
- `type` - the repository type. default: 'NONE'
- `description` - the description of the repo that will be shown in `zypper repos`
- `baseurl` - the base url of the repo
- `path` - the relative path from the `baseurl`
- `mirrorlist` - the url to the mirrorlist to use
- `gpgcheck` - should we gpg check the repo (true/false). default: true
- `gpgkey` - location of repo key to import
- `priority` - priority of the repo. default: 99
- `autorefresh` - should the repository be automatically refreshed (true/false). default: true
- `keeppackages` - should packages be saved (true/false). default: false
- `refresh_cache` - should package cache be refreshed (true/false). default: true
- `enabled` - should this repository be enabled (true/false). default: true
- `mode` - the file mode of the repository file. default: "0644"

### Examples

Add the Apache repository for openSUSE Leap 42.2

```ruby
zypper_repository 'apache' do
  baseurl 'http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Apache'
  path '/openSUSE_Leap_42.2'
  type 'rpm-md'
  priority '100'
end
```

## Ohai Release Notes 13.3:

### Additional Platform Support

Ohai now properly detects the [F5 Big-IP](https://www.f5.com/) platform and platform_version.

- platform: bigip
- platform_family: rhel

# Chef Client Release Notes 13.2:

## Properly send policyfile data

When sending events back to the Chef Server, we now correctly expand the run_list for nodes that use Policyfiles. This allows Automate to correctly report the node.

## Reconfigure between runs when daemonized

When Chef performs a reconfigure, it re-reads the configuration files. It also re-opens its log files, which facilitates log file rotation.

Chef normally will reconfigure when sent a HUP signal. As of this release if you send a HUP signal while it is converging, the reconfigure happens at the end of the run. This is avoids potential Ruby issues when the configuration file contains additional Ruby code that is executed. While the daemon is sleeping between runs, sending a SIGHUP will still cause an immediate reconfigure.

Additionally, Chef now always performs a reconfigure after every run when daemonized.

## New Deprecations

### Explicit property methods

<https://docs.chef.io/deprecations_namespace_collisions.html>

In Chef 14, custom resources will no longer assume property methods are being called on `new_resource`, and instead require the resource author to be explicit.

# Ohai Release Notes 13.2:

Ohai 13.2 has been a fantastic release in terms of community involvement with new plugins, platform support, and critical bug fixes coming from community members. A huge thank you to msgarbossa, albertomurillo, jaymzh, and davide125 for their work.

## New Features

### Systemd Paths Plugin

A new plugin has been added to expose system and user paths from systemd-path (see <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-path.html> for details).

### Linux Network, Filesystem, and Mdadm Plugin Resilience

The Network, Filesystem, and Mdadm plugins have been improved to greatly reduce failures to collect data. The Network plugin now better finds the binaries it requires for shelling out, filesystem plugin utilizes data from multiple sources, and mdadm handles arrays in bad states.

### Zpool Plugin Platform Expansion

The Zpool plugin has been updated to support BSD and Linux in addition to Solaris.

### RPM version parsing on AIX

The packages plugin now correctly parses RPM package name / version information on AIX systems.

### Additional Platform Support

Ohai now properly detects the [Clear](https://clearlinux.org/) and [ClearOS](https://www.clearos.com/) Linux distributions.

#### Clear Linux

- platform: clearlinux
- platform_family: clearlinux

#### ClearOS

- platform: clearos
- platform_family: rhel

## New Deprecations

### Removal of IpScopes plugin. (OHAI-13)

<https://docs.chef.io/deprecations_ohai_ipscopes.html>

In Chef/Ohai 14 (April 2018) we will remove the IpScopes plugin. The data returned by this plugin is nearly identical to information already returned by individual network plugins and this plugin required the installation of an additional gem into the Chef installation. We believe that few users were installing the gem and users would be better served by the data returned from the network plugins.

# 13.1

## Socketless local mode by default

For security reasons we are switching Local Mode to use socketless connections by default. This prevents potential attacks where an unprivileged user or process connects to the internal Zero server for the converge and changes data.

If you use Chef Provisioning with Local Mode, you may need to pass `--listen` to `chef-client`.

## New Deprecations

### Removal of support for Ohai version 6 plugins (OHAI-10)

<https://docs.chef.io/deprecations_ohai_v6_plugins.html>

In Chef/Ohai 14 (April 2018) we will remove support for loading Ohai v6 plugins, which we deprecated in Ohai 7/Chef 11.12.

# 13.0

## Rubygems provider sources behavior changed.

The behavior of `gem_package` and `chef_gem` is now to always apply the `Chef::Config[:rubygems_url]` sources, which may be a String uri or an Array of Strings. If additional sources are put on the resource with the `source` property those are added to the configured `:rubygems_url` sources.

This should enable easier setup of rubygems mirrors particularly in "airgapped" environments through the use of the global config variable. It also means that an admin may force all rubygems.org traffic to an internal mirror, while still being able to consume external cookbooks which have resources which add other mirrors unchanged (in a non-airgapped environment).

In the case where a resource must force the use of only the specified source(s), then the `include_default_source` property has been added -- setting it to false will remove the `Chef::Config[:rubygems_url]` setting from the list of sources for that resource.

The behavior of the `clear_sources` property is now to only add `--clear-sources` and has no magic side effects on the source options.

## Ruby version upgraded to 2.4.1

We've upgraded to the latest stable release of the Ruby programming language. See the Ruby [2.4.0 Release Notes](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2016/12/25/ruby-2-4-0-released/) for an overview of what's new in the language.

## Resource can now declare a default name

The core `apt_update` resource can now be declared without any name argument, no need for `apt_update "this string doesn't matter but why do i have to type it?"`.

This can be used by any other resource by just overriding the name property and supplying a default:

```ruby
  property :name, String, default: ""
```

Notifications to resources with empty strings as their name is also supported via either the bare resource name (`apt_update` -- matches what the user types in the DSL) or with empty brackets (`apt_update[]` -- matches the resource notification pattern).

## The knife ssh command applies the same fuzzifier as knife search node

A bare name to knife search node will search for the name in `tags`, `roles`, `fqdn`, `addresses`, `policy_name` or `policy_group` fields and will match when given partial strings (available since Chef 11). The `knife ssh` search term has been similarly extended so that the search API matches in both cases. The node search fuzzifier has also been extracted out to a `fuzz` option to Chef::Search::Query for re-use elsewhere.

## Cookbook root aliases

Rather than `attributes/default.rb`, cookbooks can now use `attributes.rb` in the root of the cookbook. Similarly for a single default recipe, cookbooks can use `recipe.rb` in the root of the cookbook.

## knife ssh can now connect to gateways with ssh key authentication

The new `gateway_identity_file` option allows the operator to specify the key to access ssh gateways with.

## Windows Task resource added

The `windows_task` resource has been ported from the windows cookbook, and many bugs have been fixed.

## Solaris SMF services can now been started recursively

It is now possible to load Solaris services recursively, by ensuring the new `options` property of the `service` resource contains `-r`.

## It's now possible to blacklist node attributes

This is the inverse of the pre-existing whitelisting functionality.

## The guard interpreter for `powershell_script` is Powershell, again

When writing `not_if` or `only_if` statements, by default we now run those statements using powershell, rather than forcing the user to set `guard_interpreter` each time.

## Zypper GPG checks by default

Zypper now defaults to performing gpg checks of packages.

## The InSpec gem is now shipped by default

The `inspec` and `train` gems are shipped by default in the chef omnibus package, making it easier for users in airgapped environments to use InSpec.

## Properly support managing Sys-V services on Debian systemd hosts

Chef now properly supports managing sys-v services on hosts running systemd. Previously Chef would incorrectly attempt to fallback to Upstart even if upstart was not installed.

## Backwards Compatibility Breaks

### Resource Cloning has been removed

When Chef compiles resources, it will no longer attempt to merge the properties of previously compiled resources with the same name and type in to the new resource. See [the deprecation page](https://docs.chef.io/deprecations_resource_cloning.html) for further information.

### It is an error to specify both `default` and `name_property` on a property

Chef 12 made this work by picking the first option it found, but it was always an error and has now been disallowed.

### The path property of the execute resource has been removed

It was never implemented in the provider, so it was always a no-op to use it, the remediation is to simply delete it.

### Using the command property on any script resource (including bash, etc) is now a hard error

This was always a usage mistake. The command property was used internally by the script resource and was not intended to be exposed to users. Users should use the code property instead (or use the command property on an execute resource to execute a single command).

### Omitting the code property on any script resource (including bash, etc) is now a hard error

It is possible that this was being used as a no-op resource, but the log resource is a better choice for that until we get a null resource added. Omitting the code property or mixing up the code property with the command property are also common usage mistakes that we need to catch and error on.

### The chef_gem resource defaults to not run at compile time

The `compile_time true` flag may still be used to force compile time.

### The Chef::Config[:chef_gem_compile_time] config option has been removed

In order to for community cookbooks to behave consistently across all users this optional flag has been removed.

### The `supports[:manage_home]` and `supports[:non_unique]` API has been removed from all user providers

The remediation is to set the manage_home and non_unique properties directly.

### Using relative paths in the `creates` property of an execute resource with specifying a `cwd` is now a hard error

Without a declared cwd the relative path was (most likely?) relative to wherever chef-client happened to be invoked which is not deterministic or easy to intuit behavior.

### Chef::PolicyBuilder::ExpandNodeObject#load_node has been removed

This change is most likely to only affect internals of tooling like chefspec if it affects anything at all.

### PolicyFile failback to create non-policyfile nodes on Chef Server < 12.3 has been removed

PolicyFile users on Chef-13 should be using Chef Server 12.3 or higher.

### Cookbooks with self dependencies are no longer allowed

The remediation is removing the self-dependency `depends` line in the metadata.

### Removed `supports` API from Chef::Resource

Retained only for the service resource (where it makes some sense) and for the mount resource.

### Removed retrying of non-StandardError exceptions for Chef::Resource

Exceptions not decending from StandardError (e.g. LoadError, SecurityError, SystemExit) will no longer trigger a retry if they are raised during the executiong of a resources with a non-zero retries setting.

### Removed deprecated `method_missing` access from the Chef::Node object

Previously, the syntax `node.foo.bar` could be used to mean `node["foo"]["bar"]`, but this API had sharp edges where methods collided with the core ruby Object class (e.g. `node.class`) and where it collided with our own ability to extend the `Chef::Node` API. This method access has been deprecated for some time, and has been removed in Chef-13.

### Changed `declare_resource` API

Dropped the `create_if_missing` parameter that was immediately supplanted by the `edit_resource` API (most likely nobody ever used this) and converted the `created_at` parameter from an optional positional parameter to a named parameter. These changes are unlikely to affect any cookbook code.

### Node deep-duping fixes

The `node.to_hash`/`node.to_h` and `node.dup` APIs have been fixed so that they correctly deep-dup the node data structure including every string value. This results in a mutable copy of the immutable merged node structure. This is correct behavior, but is now more expensive and may break some poor code (which would have been buggy and difficult to follow code with odd side effects before).

For example:

```
node.default["foo"] = "fizz"
n = node.to_hash   # or node.dup
n["foo"] << "buzz"
```

before this would have mutated the original string in-place so that `node["foo"]` and `node.default["foo"]` would have changed to "fizzbuzz" while now they remain "fizz" and only the mutable `n["foo"]` copy is changed to "fizzbuzz".

### Freezing immutable merged attributes

Since Chef 11 merged node attributes have been intended to be immutable but the merged strings have not been frozen. In Chef 13, in the process of merging the node attributes strings and other simple objects are dup'd and frozen. In order to get a mutable copy, you can now correctly use the `node.dup` or `node.to_hash` methods, or you should mutate the object correctly through its precedence level like `node.default["some_string"] << "appending_this"`.

### The Chef::REST API has been removed

It has been fully replaced with `Chef::ServerAPI` in chef-client code.

### Properties overriding methods now raise an error

Defining a property that overrides methods defined on the base ruby `Object` or on `Chef::Resource` itself can cause large amounts of confusion. A simple example is `property :hash` which overrides the Object#hash method which will confuse ruby when the Custom Resource is placed into the Chef::ResourceCollection which uses a Hash internally which expects to call Object#hash to get a unique id for the object. Attempting to create `property :action` would also override the Chef::Resource#action method which is unlikely to end well for the user. Overriding inherited properties is still supported.

### `chef-shell` now supports solo and legacy solo modes

Running `chef-shell -s` or `chef-shell --solo` will give you an experience consistent with `chef-solo`. `chef-shell --solo-legacy-mode` will give you an experience consistent with `chef-solo --legacy-mode`.

### Chef::Platform.set and related methods have been removed

The deprecated code has been removed. All providers and resources should now be using Chef >= 12.0 `provides` syntax.

### Remove `sort` option for the Search API

This option has been unimplemented on the server side for years, so any use of it has been pointless.

### Remove Chef::ShellOut

This was deprecated and replaced a long time ago with mixlib-shellout and the shell_out mixin.

### Remove `method_missing` from the Recipe DSL

The core of chef hasn't used this to implement the Recipe DSL since 12.5.1 and its unlikely that any external code depended upon it.

### Simplify Recipe DSL wiring

Support for actions with spaces and hyphens in the action name has been dropped. Resources and property names with spaces and hyphens most likely never worked in Chef-12\. UTF-8 characters have always been supported and still are.

### `easy_install` resource has been removed

The Python `easy_install` package installer has been deprecated for many years, so we have removed support for it. No specific replacement for `pip` is being included with Chef at this time, but a `pip`-based `python_package` resource is available in the [`poise-python`](https://github.com/poise/poise-python) cookbooks.

### Removal of run_command and popen4 APIs

All the APIs in chef/mixlib/command have been removed. They were deprecated by mixlib-shellout and the shell_out mixin API.

### Iconv has been removed from the ruby libraries and chef omnibus build

The ruby Iconv library was replaced by the Encoding library in ruby 1.9.x and since the deprecation of ruby 1.8.7 there has been no need for the Iconv library but we have carried it forwards as a dependency since removing it might break some chef code out there which used this library. It has now been removed from the ruby build. This also removes LGPLv3 code from the omnibus build and reduces build headaches from porting iconv to every platform we ship chef-client on.

This will also affect nokogiri, but that gem natively supports UTF-8, UTF-16LE/BE, ISO-8851-1(Latin-1), ASCII and "HTML" encodings. Users who really need to write something like Shift-JIS inside of XML will need to either maintain their own nokogiri installs or will need to convert to using UTF-8.

### Deprecated cookbook metadata has been removed

The `recommends`, `suggests`, `conflicts`, `replaces` and `grouping` metadata fields are no longer supported, and have been removed, since they were never used. Chef will ignore them in existing `metadata.rb` files, but we recommend that you remove them. This was proposed in RFC 85.

### All unignored cookbook files will now be uploaded.

We now treat every file under a cookbook directory as belonging to a cookbook, unless that file is ignored with a `chefignore` file. This is a change from the previous behaviour where only files in certain directories, such as `recipes` or `templates`, were treated as special. This change allows chef to support new classes of files, such as Ohai plugins or Inspec tests, without having to make changes to the cookbook format to support them.

### DSL-based custom resources and providers no longer get module constants

Up until now, creating a `mycook/resources/thing.rb` would create a `Chef::Resources::MycookThing` name to access the resource class object. This const is no longer created for resources and providers. You can access resource classes through the resolver API like:

```ruby
Chef::Resource.resource_for_node(:mycook_thing, node)
```

Accessing a provider class is a bit more complex, as you need a resource against which to run a resolution like so:

```ruby
Chef::ProviderResolver.new(node, find_resource!("mycook_thing[name]"), :nothing).resolve
```

### Default values for resource properties are frozen

A resource declaring something like:

```ruby
property :x, default: {}
```

will now see the default value set to be immutable. This prevents cases of modifying the default in one resource affecting others. If you want a per-resource mutable default value, define it inside a `lazy{}` helper like:

```ruby
property :x, default: lazy { {} }
```

### Resources which later modify their name during creation will have their name changed on the ResourceCollection and notifications

```ruby
some_resource "name_one" do
  name "name_two"
end
```

The fix for sending notifications to multipackage resources involved changing the API which inserts resources into the resource collection slightly so that it no longer directly takes the string which is typed into the DSL but reads the (possibly coerced) name off of the resource after it is built. The end result is that the above resource will be named `some_resource[name_two]` instead of `some_resource[name_one]`. Note that setting the name (_not_ the `name_property`, but actually renaming the resource) is very uncommon. The fix is to simply name the resource correctly in the first place (`some_resource "name_two" do ...`)

### `use_inline_resources` is always enabled

The `use_inline_resources` provider mode is always enabled when using the `action :name do ... end` syntax. You can remove the `use_inline_resources` line.

### `knife cookbook site vendor` has been removed

Please use `knife cookbook site install` instead.

### `knife cookbook create` has been removed

Please use `chef generate cookbook` from the ChefDK instead.

### Verify commands no longer support "%{file}"

Chef has always recommended `%{path}`, and `%{file}` has now been removed.

### The `partial_search` recipe method has been removed

The `partial_search` method has been fully replaced by the `filter_result` argument to `search`, and has now been removed.

### The logger and formatter settings are more predictable

The default now is the formatter. There is no more automatic switching to the logger when logging or when output is sent to a pipe. The logger needs to be specifically requested with `--force-logger` or it will not show up.

The `--force-formatter` option does still exist, although it will probably be deprecated in the future.

If your logfiles switch to the formatter, you need to include `--force-logger` for your daemonized runs.

Redirecting output to a file with `chef-client > /tmp/chef.out` now captures the same output as invoking it directly on the command line with no redirection.

### Path Sanity disabled by default and modified

The chef client itself no long modifies its `ENV['PATH']` variable directly. When using the `shell_out` API now, in addition to setting up LANG/LANGUAGE/LC_ALL variables that API will also inject certain system paths and the ruby bindir and gemdirs into the PATH (or Path on Windows). The `shell_out_with_systems_locale` API still does not mangle any environment variables. During the Chef-13 lifecycle changes will be made to prep Chef-14 to switch so that `shell_out` by default behaves like `shell_out_with_systems_locale`. A new flag will get introduced to call `shell_out(..., internal: [true|false])` to either get the forced locale and path settings ("internal") or not. When that is introduced in Chef 13.x the default will be `true` (backwards-compat with 13.0) and that default will change in 14.0 to 'false'.

The PATH changes have also been tweaked so that the ruby bindir and gemdir PATHS are prepended instead of appended to the PATH. Some system directories are still appended.

Some examples of changes:

- `which ruby` in 12.x will return any system ruby and fall back to the embedded ruby if using omnibus
- `which ruby` in 13.x will return any system ruby and will not find the embedded ruby if using omnibus
- `shell_out_with_systems_locale("which ruby")` behaves the same as `which ruby` above
- `shell_out("which ruby")` in 12.x will return any system ruby and fall back to the embedded ruby if using omnibus
- `shell_out("which ruby")` in 13.x will always return the omnibus ruby first (but will find the system ruby if not using omnibus)

The PATH in `shell_out` can also be overridden:

- `shell_out("which ruby", env: { "PATH" => nil })` - behaves like shell_out_with_systems_locale()
- `shell_out("which ruby", env: { "PATH" => [...include PATH string here...] })` - set it arbitrarily however you need

Since most providers which launch custom user commands use `shell_out_with_systems_locale` (service, execute, script, etc) the behavior will be that those commands that used to be having embedded omnibus paths injected into them no longer will. Generally this will fix more problems than it solves, but may causes issues for some use cases.

### Default guard clauses (`not_if`/`only_if`) do not change the PATH or other env vars

The implementation switched to `shell_out_with_systems_locale` to match `execute` resource, etc.

### Chef Client will now exit using the RFC062 defined exit codes

Chef Client will only exit with exit codes defined in RFC 062\. This allows other tooling to respond to how a Chef run completes. Attempting to exit Chef Client with an unsupported exit code (either via `Chef::Application.fatal!` or `Chef::Application.exit!`) will result in an exit code of 1 (GENERIC_FAILURE) and a warning in the event log.

When Chef Client is running as a forked process on unix systems, the standardized exit codes are used by the child process. To actually have Chef Client return the standard exit code, `client_fork false` will need to be set in Chef Client's configuration file.