summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/lib/chef/win32/api.rb
blob: 0330810b3b7d5bf99c87845664ffc08f3b3f2b1a (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
#
# Author:: Seth Chisamore (<schisamo@opscode.com>)
# Author:: John Keiser (<jkeiser@opscode.com>)
# Copyright:: Copyright 2011 Opscode, Inc.
# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#

require 'ffi'
require 'chef/reserved_names'
require 'chef/exceptions'

class Chef
  module ReservedNames::Win32
    module API

      # Attempts to use FFI's attach_function method to link a native Win32
      # function into the calling module.  If this fails a dummy method is
      # defined which when called, raises a helpful exception to the end-user.
      def safe_attach_function(win32_func, *args)
        begin
          attach_function(win32_func.to_sym, *args)
        rescue FFI::NotFoundError
          define_method(win32_func.to_sym) do |*margs|
            raise Chef::Exceptions::Win32APIFunctionNotImplemented, "This version of Windows does not implement the Win32 function [#{win32_func}]."
          end
        end
      end

      # put shared stuff (like constants) for all raw Win32 API calls
      def self.extended(host)
        host.extend FFI::Library
        host.extend Macros

        host.ffi_convention :stdcall

        # Windows-specific type defs (ms-help://MS.MSDNQTR.v90.en/winprog/winprog/windows_data_types.htm):
        host.typedef :ushort,  :ATOM # Atom ~= Symbol: Atom table stores strings and corresponding identifiers. Application
        # places a string in an atom table and receives a 16-bit integer, called an atom, that
        # can be used to access the string. Placed string is called an atom name.
        # See: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms648708%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :bool,    :BOOL
        host.typedef :bool,    :BOOLEAN
        host.typedef :uchar,   :BYTE # Byte (8 bits). Declared as unsigned char
        #CALLBACK:  K,       # Win32.API gem-specific ?? MSDN: #define CALLBACK __stdcall
        host.typedef :char,    :CHAR # 8-bit Windows (ANSI) character. See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183415%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :uint32,  :COLORREF # Red, green, blue (RGB) color value (32 bits). See COLORREF for more info.
        host.typedef :uint32,  :DWORD # 32-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 decimal.
        host.typedef :uint64,  :DWORDLONG # 64-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 decimal.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :DWORD_PTR # Unsigned long type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to a long type
        # to perform pointer arithmetic. (Also commonly used for general 32-bit parameters that have
        # been extended to 64 bits in 64-bit Windows.)  BaseTsd.h: #host.typedef ULONG_PTR DWORD_PTR;
        host.typedef :uint32,  :DWORD32
        host.typedef :uint64,  :DWORD64
        host.typedef :int,     :HALF_PTR # Half the size of a pointer. Use within a structure that contains a pointer and two small fields.
        # BaseTsd.h: #ifdef (_WIN64) host.typedef int HALF_PTR; #else host.typedef short HALF_PTR;
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HACCEL # (L) Handle to an accelerator table. WinDef.h: #host.typedef HANDLE HACCEL;
        # See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms645526%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HANDLE # (L) Handle to an object. WinNT.h: #host.typedef PVOID HANDLE;
        # todo: Platform-dependent! Need to change to :uint64 for Win64
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HBITMAP # (L) Handle to a bitmap: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183377%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HBRUSH # (L) Handle to a brush. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183394%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HCOLORSPACE # (L) Handle to a color space. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536546%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HCURSOR # (L) Handle to a cursor. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646970%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HCONV # (L) Handle to a dynamic data exchange (DDE) conversation.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HCONVLIST # (L) Handle to a DDE conversation list. HANDLE - L ?
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HDDEDATA # (L) Handle to DDE data (structure?)
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HDC # (L) Handle to a device context (DC). http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183560%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HDESK # (L) Handle to a desktop. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682573%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HDROP # (L) Handle to an internal drop structure.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HDWP # (L) Handle to a deferred window position structure.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HENHMETAFILE #(L) Handle to an enhanced metafile. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd145051%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :uint,    :HFILE # (I) Special file handle to a file opened by OpenFile, not CreateFile.
        # WinDef.h: #host.typedef int HFILE;
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HFONT # (L) Handle to a font. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd162470%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HGDIOBJ # (L) Handle to a GDI object.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HGLOBAL # (L) Handle to a global memory block.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HHOOK # (L) Handle to a hook. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms632589%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HICON # (L) Handle to an icon. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646973%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HINSTANCE # (L) Handle to an instance. This is the base address of the module in memory.
        # HMODULE and HINSTANCE are the same today, but were different in 16-bit Windows.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HKEY # (L) Handle to a registry key.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HKL # (L) Input locale identifier.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HLOCAL # (L) Handle to a local memory block.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HMENU # (L) Handle to a menu. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646977%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HMETAFILE # (L) Handle to a metafile. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd145051%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HMODULE # (L) Handle to an instance. Same as HINSTANCE today, but was different in 16-bit Windows.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HMONITOR # (L) Рandle to a display monitor. WinDef.h: if(WINVER >= 0x0500) host.typedef HANDLE HMONITOR;
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HPALETTE # (L) Handle to a palette.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HPEN # (L) Handle to a pen. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd162786%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :long,    :HRESULT # Return code used by COM interfaces. For more info, Structure of the COM Error Codes.
        # To test an HRESULT value, use the FAILED and SUCCEEDED macros.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HRGN # (L) Handle to a region. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd162913%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HRSRC # (L) Handle to a resource.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HSZ # (L) Handle to a DDE string.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HWINSTA # (L) Handle to a window station. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687096%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :ulong,   :HWND # (L) Handle to a window. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms632595%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :int,     :INT # 32-bit signed integer. The range is -2147483648 through 2147483647 decimal.
        host.typedef :int,     :INT_PTR # Signed integer type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to an integer
        # to perform pointer arithmetic. BaseTsd.h:
        #if defined(_WIN64) host.typedef __int64 INT_PTR; #else host.typedef int INT_PTR;
        host.typedef :int32,   :INT32 # 32-bit signed integer. The range is -2,147,483,648 through +...647 decimal.
        host.typedef :int64,   :INT64 # 64-bit signed integer. The range is –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 through +...807
        host.typedef :ushort,  :LANGID # Language identifier. For more information, see Locales. WinNT.h: #host.typedef WORD LANGID;
        # See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd318716%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :uint32,  :LCID # Locale identifier. For more information, see Locales.
        host.typedef :uint32,  :LCTYPE # Locale information type. For a list, see Locale Information Constants.
        host.typedef :uint32,  :LGRPID # Language group identifier. For a list, see EnumLanguageGroupLocales.
        host.typedef :long,    :LONG # 32-bit signed integer. The range is -2,147,483,648 through +...647 decimal.
        host.typedef :int32,   :LONG32 # 32-bit signed integer. The range is -2,147,483,648 through +...647 decimal.
        host.typedef :int64,   :LONG64 # 64-bit signed integer. The range is –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 through +...807
        host.typedef :int64,   :LONGLONG # 64-bit signed integer. The range is –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 through +...807
        host.typedef :long,    :LONG_PTR # Signed long type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to a long to
        # perform pointer arithmetic. BaseTsd.h:
        #if defined(_WIN64) host.typedef __int64 LONG_PTR; #else host.typedef long LONG_PTR;
        host.typedef :long,    :LPARAM # Message parameter. WinDef.h as follows: #host.typedef LONG_PTR LPARAM;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPBOOL # Pointer to a BOOL. WinDef.h as follows: #host.typedef BOOL far *LPBOOL;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPBYTE # Pointer to a BYTE. WinDef.h as follows: #host.typedef BYTE far *LPBYTE;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPCOLORREF # Pointer to a COLORREF value. WinDef.h as follows: #host.typedef DWORD *LPCOLORREF;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPCSTR # Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters.
        # See Character Sets Used By Fonts. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183415%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPCTSTR # An LPCWSTR if UNICODE is defined, an LPCSTR otherwise.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPCVOID # Pointer to a constant of any type. WinDef.h as follows: host.typedef CONST void *LPCVOID;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPCWSTR # Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPDWORD # Pointer to a DWORD. WinDef.h as follows: host.typedef DWORD *LPDWORD;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPHANDLE # Pointer to a HANDLE. WinDef.h as follows: host.typedef HANDLE *LPHANDLE;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPINT # Pointer to an INT.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPLONG # Pointer to an LONG.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES # Pointer to SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES struct
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPSTR # Pointer to a null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPTSTR # An LPWSTR if UNICODE is defined, an LPSTR otherwise.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPVOID # Pointer to any type.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPWORD # Pointer to a WORD.
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPWSTR # Pointer to a null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters.
        host.typedef :long,    :LRESULT # Signed result of message processing. WinDef.h: host.typedef LONG_PTR LRESULT;
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPWIN32_FIND_DATA # Pointer to WIN32_FIND_DATA struct
        host.typedef :pointer, :LPBY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION # Point to a BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION struct
        host.typedef :pointer, :PBOOL # Pointer to a BOOL.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PBOOLEAN # Pointer to a BOOL.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PBYTE # Pointer to a BYTE.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PCHAR # Pointer to a CHAR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PCSTR # Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PCTSTR # A PCWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PCSTR otherwise.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PCWSTR # Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PDWORD # Pointer to a DWORD.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PDWORDLONG # Pointer to a DWORDLONG.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PDWORD_PTR # Pointer to a DWORD_PTR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PDWORD32 # Pointer to a DWORD32.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PDWORD64 # Pointer to a DWORD64.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PFLOAT # Pointer to a FLOAT.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PHALF_PTR # Pointer to a HALF_PTR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PHANDLE # Pointer to a HANDLE.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PHKEY # Pointer to an HKEY.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PINT # Pointer to an INT.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PINT_PTR # Pointer to an INT_PTR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PINT32 # Pointer to an INT32.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PINT64 # Pointer to an INT64.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PLCID # Pointer to an LCID.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PLONG # Pointer to a LONG.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PLONGLONG # Pointer to a LONGLONG.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PLONG_PTR # Pointer to a LONG_PTR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PLONG32 # Pointer to a LONG32.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PLONG64 # Pointer to a LONG64.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PLUID # Pointer to a LUID.
        host.typedef :pointer, :POINTER_32 # 32-bit pointer. On a 32-bit system, this is a native pointer. On a 64-bit system, this is a truncated 64-bit pointer.
        host.typedef :pointer, :POINTER_64 # 64-bit pointer. On a 64-bit system, this is a native pointer. On a 32-bit system, this is a sign-extended 32-bit pointer.
        host.typedef :pointer, :POINTER_SIGNED # A signed pointer.
        host.typedef :pointer, :POINTER_UNSIGNED # An unsigned pointer.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PSHORT # Pointer to a SHORT.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PSIZE_T # Pointer to a SIZE_T.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PSSIZE_T # Pointer to a SSIZE_T.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PSTR # Pointer to a null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PTBYTE # Pointer to a TBYTE.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PTCHAR # Pointer to a TCHAR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PTSTR # A PWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PSTR otherwise.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PUCHAR # Pointer to a UCHAR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PUHALF_PTR # Pointer to a UHALF_PTR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PUINT # Pointer to a UINT.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PUINT_PTR # Pointer to a UINT_PTR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PUINT32 # Pointer to a UINT32.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PUINT64 # Pointer to a UINT64.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PULONG # Pointer to a ULONG.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PULONGLONG # Pointer to a ULONGLONG.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PULONG_PTR # Pointer to a ULONG_PTR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PULONG32 # Pointer to a ULONG32.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PULONG64 # Pointer to a ULONG64.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PUSHORT # Pointer to a USHORT.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PVOID # Pointer to any type.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PWCHAR # Pointer to a WCHAR.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PWORD # Pointer to a WORD.
        host.typedef :pointer, :PWSTR # Pointer to a null- terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters.
        # For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :SC_HANDLE # (L) Handle to a service control manager database.
        # See SCM Handles http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms685104%28VS.85%29.aspx
        host.typedef :pointer, :SC_LOCK # Lock to a service control manager database. For more information, see SCM Handles.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE # (L) Handle to a service status value. See SCM Handles.
        host.typedef :short,   :SHORT # A 16-bit integer. The range is –32768 through 32767 decimal.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :SIZE_T #  The maximum number of bytes to which a pointer can point. Use for a count that must span the full range of a pointer.
        host.typedef :long,    :SSIZE_T # Signed SIZE_T.
        host.typedef :char,    :TBYTE # A WCHAR if UNICODE is defined, a CHAR otherwise.TCHAR:
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/c426s321%28VS.80%29.aspx
        host.typedef :char,    :TCHAR # A WCHAR if UNICODE is defined, a CHAR otherwise.TCHAR:
        host.typedef :uchar,   :UCHAR # Unsigned CHAR (8 bit)
        host.typedef :uint,    :UHALF_PTR # Unsigned HALF_PTR. Use within a structure that contains a pointer and two small fields.
        host.typedef :uint,    :UINT # Unsigned INT. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.
        host.typedef :uint,    :UINT_PTR # Unsigned INT_PTR.
        host.typedef :uint32,  :UINT32 # Unsigned INT32. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.
        host.typedef :uint64,  :UINT64 # Unsigned INT64. The range is 0 through 18446744073709551615 decimal.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :ULONG # Unsigned LONG. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.
        host.typedef :ulong_long, :ULONGLONG # 64-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 18446744073709551615 decimal.
        host.typedef :ulong,   :ULONG_PTR # Unsigned LONG_PTR.
        host.typedef :uint32,  :ULONG32 # Unsigned INT32. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.
        host.typedef :uint64,  :ULONG64 # Unsigned LONG64. The range is 0 through 18446744073709551615 decimal.
        host.typedef :pointer, :UNICODE_STRING # Pointer to some string structure??
        host.typedef :ushort,  :USHORT # Unsigned SHORT. The range is 0 through 65535 decimal.
        host.typedef :ulong_long, :USN # Update sequence number (USN).
        host.typedef :ushort,  :WCHAR # 16-bit Unicode character. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
        # In WinNT.h: host.typedef wchar_t WCHAR;
        #WINAPI: K,      # Calling convention for system functions. WinDef.h: define WINAPI __stdcall
        host.typedef :ushort,  :WORD # 16-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 65535 decimal.
        host.typedef :uint,    :WPARAM    # Message parameter. WinDef.h as follows: host.typedef UINT_PTR WPARAM;
      end

      module Macros

        ###############################################
        # winbase.h
        ###############################################

        def LocalDiscard(pointer)
          LocalReAlloc(pointer, 0, LMEM_MOVEABLE)
        end

        ###############################################
        # windef.h
        ###############################################

        # Creates a WORD value by concatenating the specified values.
        #
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632663(v=VS.85).aspx
        def MAKEWORD(low, high)
          ((low & 0xff) | (high & 0xff)) << 8
        end

        # Creates a LONG value by concatenating the specified values.
        #
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632660(v=vs.85).aspx
        def MAKELONG(low, high)
          ((low & 0xffff) | (high & 0xffff)) << 16
        end

        # Retrieves the low-order word from the specified value.
        #
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632659(v=VS.85).aspx
        def LOWORD(l)
          l & 0xffff
        end

        # Retrieves the high-order word from the specified 32-bit value.
        #
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632657(v=VS.85).aspx
        def HIWORD(l)
          l >> 16
        end

        # Retrieves the low-order byte from the specified value.
        #
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632658(v=VS.85).aspx
        def LOBYTE(w)
          w & 0xff
        end

        # Retrieves the high-order byte from the given 16-bit value.
        #
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632656(v=VS.85).aspx
        def HIBYTE(w)
          w >> 8
        end

        ###############################################
        # winerror.h
        ###############################################

        def IS_ERROR(status)
          status >> 31 == 1
        end

        def MAKE_HRESULT(sev, fac, code)
          sev << 31 | fac << 16 | code
        end

        def MAKE_SCODE(sev, fac, code)
          sev << 31 | fac << 16 | code
        end

        def HRESULT_CODE(hr)
          hr & 0xFFFF
        end

        def HRESULT_FACILITY(hr)
          (hr >> 16) & 0x1fff
        end

        def HRESULT_FROM_NT(x)
          x | 0x10000000 # FACILITY_NT_BIT
        end

        def HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(x)
          if x <= 0
            x
          else
            (x & 0x0000FFFF) | (7 << 16) | 0x80000000
          end
        end

        def HRESULT_SEVERITY(hr)
          (hr >> 31) & 0x1
        end

        def FAILED(status)
          status < 0
        end

        def SUCCEEDED(status)
          status >= 0
        end
      end

      # Represents a 64-bit unsigned integer value.
      #
      # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa383742(v=vs.85).aspx
      def make_uint64(low, high)
        low + (high * (2**32))
      end

      # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2009/03/06/9461176.aspx
      # January 1, 1601
      WIN32_EPOC_MINUS_POSIX_EPOC = 116444736000000000

      # Convert 64-bit FILETIME integer into Time object.
      #
      # FILETIME structure contains a 64-bit value representing the number
      # of 100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (UTC).
      #
      # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724284(VS.85).aspx
      #
      def wtime_to_time(wtime)
        Time.at((wtime - WIN32_EPOC_MINUS_POSIX_EPOC) / 10000000)
      end

    end
  end
end