From a9ae440827c27ee2cb7d815559fee40d336767c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lamont Granquist <lamont@scriptkiddie.org>
Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2015 18:42:24 -0700
Subject: emit token that failed utf-8 validation

plus code cleanup of the c-extension
---
 ext/ffi_yajl/ext/encoder/encoder.c | 340 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 lib/ffi_yajl/encoder.rb            |   6 +-
 lib/ffi_yajl/ffi/encoder.rb        |  62 +++----
 spec/ffi_yajl/encoder_spec.rb      |   2 +-
 4 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 208 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ext/ffi_yajl/ext/encoder/encoder.c b/ext/ffi_yajl/ext/encoder/encoder.c
index fdc6f56..49bd9ed 100644
--- a/ext/ffi_yajl/ext/encoder/encoder.c
+++ b/ext/ffi_yajl/ext/encoder/encoder.c
@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@ static VALUE cYajl_Gen;
 
 /* FIXME: the json gem does a whole bunch of indirection around monkeypatching...  not sure if we need to as well... */
 
-#define CHECK_STATUS(call) \
-      if ((status = (call)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) { rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 1, INT2FIX(status)); }
-
 static VALUE mEncoder_do_yajl_encode(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE yajl_gen_opts, VALUE json_opts) {
   ID sym_ffi_yajl = rb_intern("ffi_yajl");
   VALUE sym_yajl_gen_beautify = ID2SYM(rb_intern("yajl_gen_beautify"));
@@ -72,290 +69,285 @@ int rb_cHash_ffi_yajl_callback(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE extra) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cHash_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+#define RB_FUNC0(call) rb_funcall(self, rb_intern(call), 0)
+
+/*
+ * wrappers around yajl_gen_* functions
+ */
+
+/* encode a c-string as a yajl string */
+VALUE gen_cstring(VALUE rb_yajl_gen, char *cptr, int len) {
   yajl_gen_status status;
-  VALUE extra;
   struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
   Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-    VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-    char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
-  } else {
-    extra = rb_hash_new();  /* FIXME: reduce garbage */
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new(cptr, len));
+  }
 
-    rb_hash_aset(extra, rb_str_new2("yajl_gen"), rb_yajl_gen);
+  return Qnil;
+}
 
-    rb_hash_aset(extra, rb_str_new2("state"), state);
+/* encode a ruby-sring as a yajl string */
+VALUE gen_string(VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE str) {
+  char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+  int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
 
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_map_open(yajl_gen)
-    );
-    rb_hash_foreach(self, rb_cHash_ffi_yajl_callback, extra);
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_map_close(yajl_gen)
-    );
+  return gen_cstring(rb_yajl_gen, cptr, len);
+}
+
+/* calls #to_s on an object to encode it as a yajl string */
+static VALUE gen_string_to_s(VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE self) {
+  return gen_string(rb_yajl_gen, RB_FUNC0("to_s"));
+}
+
+/* encode a ruby string as a yajl number (also used to embed already-rendered json from #to_json) */
+VALUE gen_number(VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE str) {
+  yajl_gen_status status;
+  struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
+  Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
+  char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+  int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, cptr, len)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), str);
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cArray_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+/* encode hash open */
+VALUE gen_map_open(VALUE rb_yajl_gen) {
   yajl_gen_status status;
-  ID sym_ffi_yajl = rb_intern("ffi_yajl");
-  long i;
-  VALUE val;
   struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
   Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-    VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-    char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
-  } else {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_array_open(yajl_gen)
-    );
-    for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(self); i++) {
-      val = rb_ary_entry(self, i);
-      rb_funcall(val, sym_ffi_yajl, 2, rb_yajl_gen, state);
-    }
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_array_close(yajl_gen)
-    );
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_map_open(yajl_gen)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new2("{"));
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cNilClass_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+/* encode a hash close */
+VALUE gen_map_close(VALUE rb_yajl_gen) {
   yajl_gen_status status;
   struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
   Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-    VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-    char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
-  } else {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_null(yajl_gen)
-    );
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_map_close(yajl_gen)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new2("}"));
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cTrueClass_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+/* encode an array open */
+VALUE gen_array_open(VALUE rb_yajl_gen) {
   yajl_gen_status status;
   struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
   Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-    VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-    char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
-  } else {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_bool(yajl_gen, 1)
-    );
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_array_open(yajl_gen)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new2("["));
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cFalseClass_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+/* encode an array close */
+VALUE gen_array_close(VALUE rb_yajl_gen) {
   yajl_gen_status status;
   struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
   Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-    VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-    char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
-  } else {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_bool(yajl_gen, 0)
-    );
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_array_close(yajl_gen)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new2("]"));
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cFixnum_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+/* encode a json null */
+VALUE gen_null(VALUE rb_yajl_gen) {
   yajl_gen_status status;
-  ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-  VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-  char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-  int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
   struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
   Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  if (memcmp(cptr, "NaN", 3) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "Infinity", 8) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "-Infinity", 9) == 0) {
-    rb_raise(cEncodeError, "'%s' is an invalid number", cptr);
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_null(yajl_gen)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new2("null"));
   }
-  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
-  } else {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, cptr, len)
-    );
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/* encode a true value */
+VALUE gen_true(VALUE rb_yajl_gen) {
+  yajl_gen_status status;
+  struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
+  Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
+
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_bool(yajl_gen, 1)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new2("true"));
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cBignum_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+/* encode a false value */
+VALUE gen_false(VALUE rb_yajl_gen) {
   yajl_gen_status status;
-  ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-  VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-  char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-  int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
   struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
   Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  if (memcmp(cptr, "NaN", 3) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "Infinity", 8) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "-Infinity", 9) == 0) {
-    rb_raise(cEncodeError, "'%s' is an invalid number", cptr);
+  if ((status = yajl_gen_bool(yajl_gen, 0)) != yajl_gen_status_ok) {
+    rb_funcall(mEncoder2, rb_intern("raise_error_for_status"), 2, INT2FIX(status), rb_str_new2("false"));
   }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * <Object>#to_ffi_yajl() method calls
+ */
+
+static VALUE rb_cHash_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
   if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
+    gen_string(rb_yajl_gen, rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("to_s"), 0));
   } else {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, cptr, len)
-    );
+
+    /* FIXME: i think this got refactored from something else and it is now pointless --
+       should just pass rb_yajl_gen directly instead of this 'extra' hash -- i don't
+       *think* this indirection is doing anything useful to mark memory against the GC */
+
+    VALUE extra = rb_hash_new();
+
+    rb_hash_aset(extra, rb_str_new2("yajl_gen"), rb_yajl_gen);
+
+    rb_hash_aset(extra, rb_str_new2("state"), state);
+
+    gen_map_open(rb_yajl_gen);
+
+    rb_hash_foreach(self, rb_cHash_ffi_yajl_callback, extra);
+
+    gen_map_close(rb_yajl_gen);
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cFloat_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  yajl_gen_status status;
-  ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-  VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-  char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-  int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-  struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
-  Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
+static VALUE rb_cArray_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
+    gen_string(rb_yajl_gen, rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("to_s"), 0));
+  } else {
+    VALUE val;
+    long i;
+    ID sym_ffi_yajl = rb_intern("ffi_yajl");
 
-  if (memcmp(cptr, "NaN", 3) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "Infinity", 8) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "-Infinity", 9) == 0) {
-    rb_raise(cEncodeError, "'%s' is an invalid number", cptr);
+    gen_array_open(rb_yajl_gen);
+
+    for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(self); i++) {
+      val = rb_ary_entry(self, i);
+      rb_funcall(val, sym_ffi_yajl, 2, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+    }
+
+    gen_array_close(rb_yajl_gen);
   }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_cNilClass_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
   if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-    );
+    gen_cstring(rb_yajl_gen, "", sizeof("")-1);
   } else {
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, cptr, len)
-    );
+    gen_null(rb_yajl_gen);
   }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_cString_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  yajl_gen_status status;
-  struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
-  Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
+static VALUE rb_cTrueClass_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
+    gen_cstring(rb_yajl_gen, "true", sizeof("true")-1);
+  } else {
+    gen_true(rb_yajl_gen);
+  }
 
-  CHECK_STATUS(
-    yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(self), RSTRING_LEN(self))
-  );
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_cFalseClass_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
+    gen_cstring(rb_yajl_gen, "false", sizeof("false")-1);
+  } else {
+    gen_false(rb_yajl_gen);
+  }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE string_ffi_yajl(VALUE str, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  yajl_gen_status status;
+static VALUE rb_cFixnum_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+  VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
   char *cptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-  int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-  struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
-  Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
 
-  CHECK_STATUS(
-    yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, (unsigned char *)cptr, len)
-  );
+  if (memcmp(cptr, "NaN", sizeof("NaN")) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "Infinity", sizeof("Infinity")) == 0 || memcmp(cptr, "-Infinity", sizeof("-Infinity")) == 0) {
+    rb_raise(cEncodeError, "'%s' is an invalid number", cptr);
+  }
+
+  if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) == Qtrue ) {
+    gen_string(rb_yajl_gen, str);
+  } else {
+    gen_number(rb_yajl_gen, str);
+  }
 
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-/* calls #to_s on an object to encode it */
-static VALUE object_to_s_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  ID sym_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
-  VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_s, 0);
-  return string_ffi_yajl(str, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+static VALUE rb_cBignum_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+  return rb_cFixnum_ffi_yajl(self, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_cFloat_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+  return rb_cFixnum_ffi_yajl(self, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_cString_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
+  return gen_string(rb_yajl_gen, self);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_cSymbol_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  return object_to_s_ffi_yajl(self, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+  return gen_string_to_s(rb_yajl_gen, self);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_cDate_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  return object_to_s_ffi_yajl(self, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+  return gen_string_to_s(rb_yajl_gen, self);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_cTime_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
   ID sym_strftime = rb_intern("strftime");
   VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_strftime, 1, rb_str_new2("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z"));
-  return string_ffi_yajl(str, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+
+  return gen_string(rb_yajl_gen, str);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_cStringIO_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  ID sym_read = rb_intern("read");
-  VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_read, 0);
-  return string_ffi_yajl(str, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+  return gen_string(rb_yajl_gen, RB_FUNC0("read"));
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_cDateTime_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  return object_to_s_ffi_yajl(self, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+  return gen_string_to_s(rb_yajl_gen, self);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_cObject_ffi_yajl(VALUE self, VALUE rb_yajl_gen, VALUE state) {
-  yajl_gen_status status;
   ID sym_to_json = rb_intern("to_json");
-  VALUE str;
-
   if ( rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("processing_key")) != Qtrue && rb_respond_to(self, sym_to_json) ) {
-    VALUE json_opts =  rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("json_opts"));
-    struct yajl_gen_t *yajl_gen;
-    Data_Get_Struct(rb_yajl_gen, struct yajl_gen_t, yajl_gen);
-
-    str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_json, 1, json_opts);
-    CHECK_STATUS(
-      yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, (char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str))
-    );
+    VALUE json_opts = rb_hash_aref(state, rb_str_new2("json_opts"));
+    VALUE str = rb_funcall(self, sym_to_json, 1, json_opts);
+
+    gen_number(rb_yajl_gen, str);
   } else {
-    object_to_s_ffi_yajl(self, rb_yajl_gen, state);
+    gen_string_to_s(rb_yajl_gen, self);
   }
 
   return Qnil;
diff --git a/lib/ffi_yajl/encoder.rb b/lib/ffi_yajl/encoder.rb
index 30e9daf..a89bcd3 100644
--- a/lib/ffi_yajl/encoder.rb
+++ b/lib/ffi_yajl/encoder.rb
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ module FFI_Yajl
       @opts ||= {}
     end
 
-    def self.raise_error_for_status(status)
+    def self.raise_error_for_status(status, token=nil)
+      # scrub token to valid utf-8 since we may be issuing an exception on an invalid utf-8 token
+      token.encode!("utf-8", "binary", :undef => :replace)
       case status
       when 1 # yajl_gen_keys_must_be_strings
         raise FFI_Yajl::EncodeError, "YAJL internal error: attempted use of non-string object as key"
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ module FFI_Yajl
       when 6 # yajl_gen_no_buf
         raise FFI_Yajl::EncodeError, "YAJL internal error: yajl_gen_get_buf was called, but a print callback was specified, so no internal buffer is available"
       when 7 # yajl_gen_invalid_string
-        raise FFI_Yajl::EncodeError, "Invalid UTF-8 string: cannot encode to UTF-8"
+        raise FFI_Yajl::EncodeError, "Invalid UTF-8 string '#{token}': cannot encode to UTF-8"
       else
         raise FFI_Yajl::EncodeError, "Unknown YAJL Error (#{status}), please report this as a bug"
       end
diff --git a/lib/ffi_yajl/ffi/encoder.rb b/lib/ffi_yajl/ffi/encoder.rb
index 73a0d11..f2338e4 100644
--- a/lib/ffi_yajl/ffi/encoder.rb
+++ b/lib/ffi_yajl/ffi/encoder.rb
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ class Hash
     if state[:processing_key]
       str = self.to_s
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_map_open(yajl_gen) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, '{')
       end
       self.each do |key, value|
         # Perf Fix: mutate state hash rather than creating new copy
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class Hash
         value.ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
       end
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_map_close(yajl_gen) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, '}')
       end
     end
   end
@@ -95,17 +95,17 @@ class Array
     if state[:processing_key]
       str = self.to_s
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_array_open(yajl_gen) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, '[')
       end
       self.each do |value|
         value.ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
       end
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_array_close(yajl_gen) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, ']')
       end
     end
   end
@@ -113,14 +113,14 @@ end
 
 class NilClass
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
+    str = self.to_s
     if state[:processing_key]
-      str = self.to_s
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_null(yajl_gen) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -128,14 +128,14 @@ end
 
 class TrueClass
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
+    str = self.to_s
     if state[:processing_key]
-      str = self.to_s
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_bool(yajl_gen, 1) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ end
 
 class FalseClass
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
+    str = self.to_s
     if state[:processing_key]
-      str = self.to_s
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_bool(yajl_gen, 0) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -164,11 +164,11 @@ class Fixnum
     end
     if state[:processing_key]
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_integer(yajl_gen, self) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ class Bignum
     end
     if state[:processing_key]
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -200,11 +200,11 @@ class Float
     end
     if state[:processing_key]
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     else
       if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+        FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class Symbol
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
     str = self.to_s
     if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
     end
   end
 end
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ end
 class String
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
     if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, self, self.bytesize) ) != 0
-      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, self)
     end
   end
 end
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class StringIO
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
     str = self.read
     if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
     end
   end
 end
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class Date
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
     str = self.to_s
     if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
     end
   end
 end
@@ -249,16 +249,16 @@ class Time
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
     str = self.strftime "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z"
     if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
     end
   end
 end
 
-class DateTime
+class DateTime < Date
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
     str = self.to_s
     if ( status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize) ) != 0
-      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
     end
   end
 end
@@ -267,15 +267,15 @@ end
 class Object
   def ffi_yajl(yajl_gen, state)
     if !state[:processing_key] && self.respond_to?(:to_json)
-      json = self.to_json(state[:json_opts])
+      str = self.to_json(state[:json_opts])
       # #yajl_gen_number outputs a string without quotes around it
-      status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, json, json.bytesize)
+      status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_number(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize)
     else
       str = self.to_s
       status = FFI_Yajl.yajl_gen_string(yajl_gen, str, str.bytesize)
     end
     if ( status ) != 0
-      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status)
+      FFI_Yajl::Encoder.raise_error_for_status(status, str)
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ffi_yajl/encoder_spec.rb b/spec/ffi_yajl/encoder_spec.rb
index 0eef23d..5691bf6 100644
--- a/spec/ffi_yajl/encoder_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ffi_yajl/encoder_spec.rb
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ describe "FFI_Yajl::Encoder" do
     }
 
     it "raises an error on invalid json" do
-      expect{ encoder.encode(ruby) }.to raise_error(FFI_Yajl::EncodeError, "Invalid UTF-8 string: cannot encode to UTF-8")
+      expect{ encoder.encode(ruby) }.to raise_error(FFI_Yajl::EncodeError, /Invalid UTF-8 string 'Elan Ruusam.e': cannot encode to UTF-8/)
     end
 
     context "when validate_utf8 is off" do
-- 
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