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  <h3>Table of Contents</h3>

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    <li><a href="#label-Net-3A-3ASSH+6.x">Net::SSH 6.x</a>
    <li><a href="#label-DESCRIPTION-3A">DESCRIPTION:</a>
    <li><a href="#label-FEATURES-3A">FEATURES:</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Supported+Algorithms">Supported Algorithms</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Host+Keys">Host Keys</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Key+Exchange">Key Exchange</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Encryption+algorithms+-28ciphers-29">Encryption algorithms (ciphers)</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Message+Authentication+Code+algorithms">Message Authentication Code algorithms</a>
    <li><a href="#label-SYNOPSIS-3A">SYNOPSIS:</a>
    <li><a href="#label-REQUIREMENTS-3A">REQUIREMENTS:</a>
    <li><a href="#label-INSTALL-3A">INSTALL:</a>
    <li><a href="#label-RUBY+SUPPORT">RUBY SUPPORT</a>
    <li><a href="#label-RUNNING+TESTS">RUNNING TESTS</a>
    <li><a href="#label-BUILDING+GEM">BUILDING GEM</a>
    <li><a href="#label-GEM+SIGNING+-28for+maintainers-29">GEM SIGNING (for maintainers)</a>
    <li><a href="#label-CREDITS">CREDITS</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Contributors">Contributors</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Backers">Backers</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Sponsors">Sponsors</a>
    <li><a href="#label-LICENSE-3A">LICENSE:</a>
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<p><a href="https://badge.fury.io/rb/net-ssh"><img
src="https://badge.fury.io/rb/net-ssh.svg"></a> <a
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<h1 id="label-Net-3A-3ASSH+6.x"><a href="Net/SSH.html">Net::SSH</a> 6.x<span><a href="#label-Net-3A-3ASSH+6.x">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h1>
<ul><li>
<p>Docs: <a
href="http://net-ssh.github.com/net-ssh">net-ssh.github.com/net-ssh</a></p>
</li><li>
<p>Issues: <a
href="https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/issues">github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/issues</a></p>
</li><li>
<p>Codes: <a
href="https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh">github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh</a></p>
</li><li>
<p>Email: net-ssh@solutious.com</p>
</li></ul>

<p><em>As of v2.6.4, all gem releases are signed. See <a
href="#install">INSTALL</a>.</em></p>

<h2 id="label-DESCRIPTION-3A">DESCRIPTION:<span><a href="#label-DESCRIPTION-3A">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<p><a href="Net/SSH.html">Net::SSH</a> is a pure-Ruby implementation of the
SSH2 client protocol. It allows you to write programs that invoke and
interact with processes on remote servers, via SSH2.</p>

<h2 id="label-FEATURES-3A">FEATURES:<span><a href="#label-FEATURES-3A">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
<ul><li>
<p>Execute processes on remote servers and capture their output</p>
</li><li>
<p>Run multiple processes in parallel over a single SSH connection</p>
</li><li>
<p>Support for SSH subsystems</p>
</li><li>
<p>Forward local and remote ports via an SSH connection</p>
</li></ul>

<h2 id="label-Supported+Algorithms">Supported Algorithms<span><a href="#label-Supported+Algorithms">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<p><a href="Net/SSH.html">Net::SSH</a> 6.0 disables by default the usage of
weak algorithms. We strongly recommend that you install a servers&#39;s
version that supports the latest algorithms.</p>

<p>It is possible to return to the previous behavior by adding the option :
<code>append_all_supported_algorithms: true</code></p>

<p>Unsecure algoritms will be definively remove in <a
href="Net/SSH.html">Net::SSH</a> 7.*.</p>

<h3 id="label-Host+Keys">Host Keys<span><a href="#label-Host+Keys">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>| Name | Support | Details | |———————-|———————–|———-| | ssh-rsa | OK | | |
ssh-ed25519 | OK | Require the gem <code>ed25519</code> | |
ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 | OK | <a href="https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/">using
weak elliptic curves</a> | | ecdsa-sha2-nistp384 | OK | <a
href="https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/">using weak elliptic curves</a> | |
ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 | OK | <a href="https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/">using
weak elliptic curves</a> | | ssh-dss | Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will
be removed in 7.0 |</p>

<h3 id="label-Key+Exchange">Key Exchange<span><a href="#label-Key+Exchange">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>| Name | Support | Details | |————————————–|———————–|———-| |
curve25519-sha256 | OK | Require the gem <code>x25519</code> | |
ecdh-sha2-nistp521 | OK | <a href="https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/">using weak
elliptic curves</a> | | ecdh-sha2-nistp384 | OK | <a
href="https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/">using weak elliptic curves</a> | |
ecdh-sha2-nistp256 | OK | <a href="https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/">using weak
elliptic curves</a> | | diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 | Deprecated in 6.0 |
unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 | OK | | |
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1 | Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will be
removed in 7.0 | | diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 | OK | |</p>

<h3 id="label-Encryption+algorithms+-28ciphers-29">Encryption algorithms (ciphers)<span><a href="#label-Encryption+algorithms+-28ciphers-29">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>| Name | Support | Details | |————————————–|———————–|———-| | aes256-ctr /
aes192-ctr / aes128-ctr | OK | <a href="https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/">using
weak elliptic curves</a> | | aes256-cbc / aes192-cbc / aes128-cbc |
Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | |
rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se | Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will be removed
in 7.0 | | blowfish-ctr blowfish-cbc | Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will
be removed in 7.0 | | cast128-ctr cast128-cbc | Deprecated in 6.0 |
unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | 3des-ctr 3des-cbc | Deprecated in 6.0
| unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | idea-cbc | Deprecated in 6.0 |
unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | none | Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure,
will be removed in 7.0 |</p>

<h3 id="label-Message+Authentication+Code+algorithms">Message Authentication Code algorithms<span><a href="#label-Message+Authentication+Code+algorithms">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>| Name | Support | Details | |———————-|———————–|———-| | hmac-sha2-512-etm |
OK | | | hmac-sha2-256-etm | OK | | | hmac-sha2-512 | OK | | |
hmac-sha2-256 | OK | | | hmac-sha2-512-96 | Deprecated in 6.0 | removed
from the specification, will be removed in 7.0 | | hmac-sha2-256-96 |
Deprecated in 6.0 | removed from the specification, will be removed in 7.0
| | hmac-sha1 | OK | for backward compatibility | | hmac-sha1-96 |
Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | hmac-ripemd160 |
Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | hmac-md5 |
Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | hmac-md5-96 |
Deprecated in 6.0 | unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 | | none | Deprecated
in 6.0 | unsecure, will be removed in 7.0 |</p>

<h2 id="label-SYNOPSIS-3A">SYNOPSIS:<span><a href="#label-SYNOPSIS-3A">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<p>In a nutshell:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">require</span> <span class="ruby-string">&#39;net/ssh&#39;</span>

<span class="ruby-constant">Net</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">SSH</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">start</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&#39;host&#39;</span>, <span class="ruby-string">&#39;user&#39;</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">password</span><span class="ruby-operator">:</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;password&quot;</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># capture all stderr and stdout output from a remote process</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">output</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">exec!</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&quot;hostname&quot;</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">output</span>

<span class="ruby-comment"># capture only stdout matching a particular pattern</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">stdout</span> = <span class="ruby-string">&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">exec!</span>(<span class="ruby-string">&quot;ls -l /home/jamis&quot;</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">channel</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">stream</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">stdout</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">stream</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> :<span class="ruby-identifier">stdout</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">stdout</span>

<span class="ruby-comment"># run multiple processes in parallel to completion</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">exec</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;sed ...&quot;</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">exec</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;awk ...&quot;</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">exec</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;rm -rf ...&quot;</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">loop</span>

<span class="ruby-comment"># open a new channel and configure a minimal set of callbacks, then run</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># the event loop until the channel finishes (closes)</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">channel</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">open_channel</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">ch</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">ch</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">exec</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;/usr/local/bin/ruby /path/to/file.rb&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">ch</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">success</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;could not execute command&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">success</span>

    <span class="ruby-comment"># &quot;on_data&quot; is called when the process writes something to stdout</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">ch</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">on_data</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">c</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">$stdout</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">print</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>
    <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

    <span class="ruby-comment"># &quot;on_extended_data&quot; is called when the process writes something to stderr</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">ch</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">on_extended_data</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">c</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">type</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">$stderr</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">print</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>
    <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

    <span class="ruby-identifier">ch</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">on_close</span> { <span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;done!&quot;</span> }
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

<span class="ruby-identifier">channel</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">wait</span>

<span class="ruby-comment"># forward connections on local port 1234 to port 80 of www.capify.org</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">forward</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">local</span>(<span class="ruby-value">1234</span>, <span class="ruby-string">&quot;www.capify.org&quot;</span>, <span class="ruby-value">80</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">loop</span> { <span class="ruby-keyword">true</span> }
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
</pre>

<p>See <a href="Net/SSH.html">Net::SSH</a> for more documentation, and links
to further information.</p>

<h2 id="label-REQUIREMENTS-3A">REQUIREMENTS:<span><a href="#label-REQUIREMENTS-3A">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<p>The only requirement you might be missing is the <a
href="OpenSSL.html">OpenSSL</a> bindings for Ruby with a version greather
than <code>1.0.1</code>. These are built by default on most platforms, but
you can verify that they&#39;re built and installed on your system by
running the following command line:</p>

<pre>ruby -ropenssl -e &#39;puts OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION&#39;</pre>

<p>If that spits out something like <code>OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012</code>,
then you&#39;re set. If you get an error, then you&#39;ll need to see about
rebuilding ruby with <a href="OpenSSL.html">OpenSSL</a> support, or (if
your platform supports it) installing the <a
href="OpenSSL.html">OpenSSL</a> bindings separately.</p>

<h2 id="label-INSTALL-3A">INSTALL:<span><a href="#label-INSTALL-3A">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">gem</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">install</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">net</span><span class="ruby-operator">-</span><span class="ruby-identifier">ssh</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># might need sudo privileges</span>
</pre>

<p>NOTE: If you are running on jruby on windows you need to install
<code>jruby-pageant</code> manually (gemspec doesn&#39;t allow for platform
specific dependencies).</p>

<p>However, in order to be sure the code you&#39;re installing hasn&#39;t been
tampered with, it&#39;s recommended that you verify the <a
href="http://docs.rubygems.org/read/chapter/21">signature</a>.  To do this,
you need to add my public key as a trusted certificate (you only need to do
this once):</p>

<pre># Add the public key as a trusted certificate
# (You only need to do this once)
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/master/net-ssh-public_cert.pem
gem cert --add net-ssh-public_cert.pem</pre>

<p>Then, when install the gem, do so with high security:</p>

<pre>gem install net-ssh -P HighSecurity</pre>

<p>If you don&#39;t add the public key, you&#39;ll see an error like
“Couldn&#39;t verify data signature”. If you&#39;re still having trouble
let me know and I&#39;ll give you a hand.</p>

<p>For ed25519 public key auth support your bundle file should contain
<code>ed25519</code>, <code>bcrypt_pbkdf</code> dependencies.</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">gem</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">install</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">ed25519</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">gem</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">install</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">bcrypt_pbkdf</span>
</pre>

<p>For curve25519-sha256 kex exchange support your bundle file should contain
<code>x25519</code> dependency.</p>

<h2 id="label-RUBY+SUPPORT">RUBY SUPPORT<span><a href="#label-RUBY+SUPPORT">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
<ul><li>
<p>See <a
href="https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/master/net-ssh.gemspec">net-ssh.gemspec</a>
for current versions ruby requirements</p>
</li></ul>

<h2 id="label-RUNNING+TESTS">RUNNING TESTS<span><a href="#label-RUNNING+TESTS">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<p>If you want to run the tests or use any of the Rake tasks, you&#39;ll need
Mocha and other dependencies listed in Gemfile</p>

<p>Run the test suite from the net-ssh directory with the following command:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">bundle</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">exec</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">rake</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">test</span>
</pre>

<p>Run a single test file like this:</p>

<pre>ruby -Ilib -Itest test/transport/test_server_version.rb</pre>

<p>To run integration tests see test/integration/README.txt</p>

<h3 id="label-BUILDING+GEM">BUILDING GEM<span><a href="#label-BUILDING+GEM">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">rake</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">build</span>
</pre>

<h3 id="label-GEM+SIGNING+-28for+maintainers-29">GEM SIGNING (for maintainers)<span><a href="#label-GEM+SIGNING+-28for+maintainers-29">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>If you have the net-ssh private signing key, you will be able to create
signed release builds. Make sure the private key path matches the
<code>signing_key</code> path set in <code>net-ssh.gemspec</code> and tell
rake to sign the gem by setting the <code>NET_SSH_BUILDGEM_SIGNED</code>
flag:</p>

<pre>NET_SSH_BUILDGEM_SIGNED=true rake build</pre>

<p>For time to time, the public certificate associated to the private key
needs to be renewed. You can do this with the following command:</p>

<pre>gem cert --build netssh@solutious.com --private-key path/2/net-ssh-private_key.pem
mv gem-public_cert.pem net-ssh-public_cert.pem
gem cert --add net-ssh-public_cert.pem</pre>

<h2 id="label-CREDITS">CREDITS<span><a href="#label-CREDITS">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<h3 id="label-Contributors">Contributors<span><a href="#label-Contributors">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute.</p>

<p><a href="graphs/contributors"><img
src="https://opencollective.com/net-ssh/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false"></a></p>

<h3 id="label-Backers">Backers<span><a href="#label-Backers">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>Thank you to all our backers! 🙏 <a
href="https://opencollective.com/net-ssh#backer">Become a backer</a></p>

<p><a href="https://opencollective.com/net-ssh#backers"><img
src="https://opencollective.com/net-ssh/backers.svg?width=890"></a></p>

<h3 id="label-Sponsors">Sponsors<span><a href="#label-Sponsors">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<p>Support this project by becoming a sponsor. Your logo will show up here
with a link to your website. <a
href="https://opencollective.com/net-ssh#sponsor">Become a sponsor</a></p>

<p><a href="https://opencollective.com/net-ssh/sponsor/0/website"><img
src="https://opencollective.com/net-ssh/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a></p>

<h2 id="label-LICENSE-3A">LICENSE:<span><a href="#label-LICENSE-3A">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<p>(The MIT License)</p>

<p>Copyright © 2008 Jamis Buck</p>

<p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
&#39;Software&#39;), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
following conditions:</p>

<p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>

<p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED &#39;AS IS&#39;, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p>
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