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-'\" t
-.\"     Title: passwd
-.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
-.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.76.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
-.\"      Date: 25-05-2012
-.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
-.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.1.5.1
-.\"  Language: Swedish
-.\"
-.TH "PASSWD" "1" "25-05-2012" "shadow\-utils 4\&.1\&.5\&.1" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
-.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
-.\" * Define some portability stuff
-.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
-.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
-.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
-.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
-.el       .ds Aq '
-.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
-.\" * set default formatting
-.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
-.\" disable hyphenation
-.nh
-.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
-.ad l
-.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
-.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
-.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH "NAMN"
-passwd \- \(:andra anv\(:andarl\(:osenord
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
-\fBpasswd\fR [\fIflaggor\fR] [\fIINLOGGNINGSNAMN\fR]
-.SH "BESKRIVNING"
-.PP
-The
-\fBpasswd\fR
-command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for his/her own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
-\fBpasswd\fR
-also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
-.SS "L\(:osenords\(:andringar"
-.PP
-The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is present\&. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password\&. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password\&. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed\&.
-.PP
-Efter att l\(:osenordet har matats in kontrolleras l\(:osenordets \(oaldringsinformation f\(:or att se om anv\(:andaren till\(oats att \(:andra l\(:osenord f\(:or tillf\(:allet\&. Om inte, nekar
-\fBpasswd\fR
-att \(:andra l\(:osenordet och avslutas\&.
-.PP
-Anv\(:andaren fr\(oagas sedan tv\(oa g\(oanger efter ett ers\(:attande l\(:osenord\&. Den andra inmatningen j\(:amf\(:ors mot den f\(:orsta och b\(oada m\(oaste st\(:amma \(:overens f\(:or att l\(:osenordet ska \(:andras\&.
-.PP
-Sedan testas l\(:osenordet f\(:or sin komplexitet\&. Som en allm\(:an riktlinje b\(:or l\(:osenord inneh\(oalla 6 till 8 tecken och inkluderas ett eller flera tecken fr\(oan var och en av f\(:oljande punkter:
-.sp
-.RS 4
-.ie n \{\
-\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
-.\}
-.el \{\
-.sp -1
-.IP \(bu 2.3
-.\}
-gemena bokst\(:aver ur alfabetet
-.RE
-.sp
-.RS 4
-.ie n \{\
-\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
-.\}
-.el \{\
-.sp -1
-.IP \(bu 2.3
-.\}
-siffrorna 0 till 9
-.RE
-.sp
-.RS 4
-.ie n \{\
-\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
-.\}
-.el \{\
-.sp -1
-.IP \(bu 2.3
-.\}
-skiljetecken
-.RE
-.PP
-T\(:ank p\(oa att inte inkludera systemets standardtecken f\(:or radering eller d\(:oda\&.
-\fBpasswd\fR
-kommer att neka alla l\(:osenord som inte har l\(:amplig komplexitet\&.
-.SS "Tips f\(:or anv\(:andarl\(:osenord"
-.PP
-The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
-\fIUNIX\fR
-System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
-\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
-.PP
-Problem i l\(:osenordss\(:akerheten brukar normalt komma fr\(oan slarvigt valda l\(:osenord eller hantering\&. Av denna anledning b\(:or du inte v\(:alja ett l\(:osenord som finns i en ordbok eller som m\(oaste skrivas ner\&. L\(:osenordet b\(:or heller inte vara ett korrekt namn, ditt personnummer, f\(:odelsedatum eller gatuadress\&. Dessa kan anv\(:andas som gissningar f\(:or att ta sig in i systemet\&.
-.PP
-You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
-.SH "FLAGGOR"
-.PP
-Flaggorna som g\(:aller f\(:or kommandot
-\fBpasswd\fR
-\(:ar:
-.PP
-\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
-.RS 4
-Denna flagga kan endast anv\(:andas med
-\fB\-S\fR
-och g\(:or att status visas f\(:or alla anv\(:andare\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
-.RS 4
-Ta bort en anv\(:andares l\(:osenord (g\(:or det blankt)\&. Detta \(:ar ett snabbt s\(:att att inaktivera ett l\(:osenord f\(:or ett konto\&. Det kommer att ta bort det angivna kontots l\(:osenord\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
-.RS 4
-L\(:osenordet f\(:or ett konto s\(:atts omedelbart som utg\(oanget\&. Detta kan tvinga en anv\(:andare att \(:andra sitt l\(:osenord vid n\(:asta inloggningsf\(:ors\(:ok\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-.RS 4
-Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\fIINAKTIV\fR
-.RS 4
-Denna flagga anv\(:ands f\(:or att inaktivera ett konto efter att l\(:osenordet har varit utg\(oanget i ett antal dagar\&. Efter att ett anv\(:andarkonto har haft ett utg\(oanget l\(:osenord i
-\fIINAKTIV\fR
-dagar f\(oar anv\(:andaren inte l\(:angre logga in med detta konto\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
-.RS 4
-Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords)\&. The user wishes to keep their non\-expired tokens as before\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
-.RS 4
-Lock the password of the named account\&. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a \(aa!\(aa at the beginning of the password)\&.
-.sp
-Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
-\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
-(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
-.sp
-Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR \fIMIN_DAYS\fR
-.RS 4
-S\(:atter minimalt antal dagar mellan l\(:osenords\(:andringar till
-\fIMIN_DAGAR\fR\&. Ett nollv\(:arde f\(:or detta f\(:alt betyder att anv\(:andaren kan \(:andra sitt l\(:osenord n\(:ar som helst\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
-.RS 4
-Tyst l\(:age\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\fIF\(:ORR\(oAD\fR
-.RS 4
-change password in
-\fIREPOSITORY\fR
-repository
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR \fICHROOT_DIR\fR
-.RS 4
-Apply changes in the
-\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
-directory and use the configuration files from the
-\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
-directory\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
-.RS 4
-Display account status information\&. The status information consists of 7 fields\&. The first field is the user\*(Aqs login name\&. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P)\&. The third field gives the date of the last password change\&. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password\&. These ages are expressed in days\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
-.RS 4
-Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
-\fB\-l\fR
-option)\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\fIVARN_DAGAR\fR
-.RS 4
-S\(:atter antalet dagar f\(:or varning f\(:ore ett l\(:osenord beh\(:over \(:andras\&. Flaggan
-\fIVARN_DAGAR\fR
-\(:ar antalet dagar f\(:ore anv\(:andaren varnas om att l\(:osenordet \(:ar p\(oa v\(:ag att bli utg\(oanget\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\fIMAX_DAGAR\fR
-.RS 4
-S\(:atter maximalt antal dagar som ett l\(:osenord ska vara giltigt\&. Efter
-\fIMAX_DAGAR\fR
-kr\(:avs det att l\(:osenordet \(:andras\&.
-.RE
-.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
-.PP
-Password complexity checking may vary from site to site\&. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with\&.
-.PP
-Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server\&.
-.SH "CONFIGURATION"
-.PP
-The following configuration variables in
-/etc/login\&.defs
-change the behavior of this tool:
-.PP
-\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
-.RS 4
-This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&.
-.sp
-It can take one of these values:
-\fIDES\fR
-(default),
-\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&.
-.sp
-Note: this parameter overrides the
-\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
-variable\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
-.RS 4
-Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
-\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
-\fIno\fR
-if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
-\fIno\fR\&.
-.sp
-This variable is superseded by the
-\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
-variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
-.sp
-This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
-\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
-.RS 4
-Enable additional checks upon password changes\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean)
-.RS 4
-Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number)
-.RS 4
-Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number)
-.RS 4
-Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&.
-\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR
-is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if
-\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
-set to
-\fIyes\fR\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
-.RS 4
-When
-\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
-is set to
-\fISHA256\fR
-or
-\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
-.sp
-With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
-.sp
-If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&.
-.sp
-The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&.
-.sp
-If only one of the
-\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
-or
-\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
-values is set, then this value will be used\&.
-.sp
-If
-\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
->
-\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
-.RE
-.SH "FILER"
-.PP
-/etc/passwd
-.RS 4
-Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-/etc/shadow
-.RS 4
-S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
-.RE
-.PP
-/etc/login\&.defs
-.RS 4
-Shadow password suite configuration\&.
-.RE
-.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
-.PP
-Kommandot
-\fBpasswd\fR
-avslutas med f\(:oljande v\(:arden:
-.PP
-\fI0\fR
-.RS 4
-lyckad
-.RE
-.PP
-\fI1\fR
-.RS 4
-\(oatkomst nekad
-.RE
-.PP
-\fI2\fR
-.RS 4
-ogiltig kombination av flaggor
-.RE
-.PP
-\fI3\fR
-.RS 4
-ov\(:antat fel, ingenting har genomf\(:orts
-.RE
-.PP
-\fI4\fR
-.RS 4
-ov\(:antat fel, filen
-passwd
-saknas
-.RE
-.PP
-\fI5\fR
-.RS 4
-Filen
-passwd
-\(:ar upptagen, f\(:ors\(:ok igen
-.RE
-.PP
-\fI6\fR
-.RS 4
-ogiltigt argument till flagga
-.RE
-.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
-.PP
-
-\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
-\fBpasswd\fR(5),
-\fBshadow\fR(5),
-\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
-\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.