path: root/tests/perf_event_open.c

/*
 * Check verbose decoding of perf_event_open syscall.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 The strace developers.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */

#include "tests.h"
#include "scno.h"

#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <linux/perf_event.h>

#include "xlat.h"
#include "xlat/perf_event_open_flags.h"
#include "xlat/perf_attr_size.h"

#if ULONG_MAX > UINT_MAX /* Poor man's "whether long is 8 bytes?" */
# define LONG_STR_PREFIX "ffffffff"
#else /* !(ULONG_MAX > UINT_MAX) */
# define LONG_STR_PREFIX ""
#endif /* ULONG_MAX > UINT_MAX */

struct s32_val_str {
	int32_t val;
	const char *str;
};

struct u32_val_str {
	uint32_t val;
	const char *str;
};

struct u64_val_str {
	uint64_t val;
	const char *str;
};

/* In order to avoid endianness-specific hackery. */
struct pea_flags {
	uint64_t disabled			:1,
		 inherit			:1,
		 pinned				:1,
		 exclusive			:1,
		 exclude_user			:1,
		 exclude_kernel			:1,
		 exclude_hv			:1,
		 exclude_idle			:1,
		 mmap				:1,
		 comm				:1,
		 freq				:1,
		 inherit_stat			:1,
		 enable_on_exec			:1,
		 task				:1,
		 watermark			:1,
		 precise_ip			:2,
		 mmap_data			:1,
		 sample_id_all			:1,
		 exclude_host			:1,
		 exclude_guest			:1,
		 exclude_callchain_kernel	:1,
		 exclude_callchain_user		:1,
		 mmap2				:1,
		 comm_exec			:1,
		 use_clockid			:1,
		 context_switch			:1,
		 write_backward			:1,
		 namespaces			:1,
		 ksymbol			:1,
		 bpf_event			:1,
		 aux_output			:1,
		 cgroup				:1,
		 text_poke			:1,
		 build_id			:1,
		 inherit_thread			:1,
		 remove_on_exec			:1,
		 sigtrap			:1,
		 __reserved_1			:26;
};

static const char *
printaddr(void *ptr)
{
	static char buf[sizeof("0x") + sizeof(void *) * 2];

	if (ptr == NULL)
		return "NULL";

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%#lx", (unsigned long)ptr);

	return buf;
}

/*
 * Checklist:
 *
 * type - 8 IDs
 * config - 13 IDs (0..11 + random), depends on type
 * sample type - bitmask, up to 20 bits
 * read_format - 5 IDs
 * bp_type - 6, weird semantics (invalid/unknown)
 * branch_sample_type - bitmask, 16 bits
 * clockid - 13 values
 *
 * Unions:
 * sample_period/sample_freq
 * wakeup_event/wakeup_watermark
 * bp_addr/config1
 * bp_len/config2
 */

/*
 * The main idea behind all those numerous ifdefs is checking against version of
 * structure provided in kernel headers and not use one defined in strace
 * headers (assume the case when suddenly we add flag without proper update of
 * __reserved_1 field or something like this).
 */
static void
print_event_attr(struct perf_event_attr *attr_ptr, size_t size,
	const char *type, const char *config, const char *sample_type,
	const char *read_format, const char *precise_ip_desc,
	const char *bp_type, const char *branch_sample_type,
	const char *clockid, uint32_t available_size)
{
	/*
	 * Currently, strace supports version 5 of the structure, which is
	 * 112 bytes in size.
	 */
	enum {
		STRACE_PEA_ABBREV_SIZE =
			offsetof(struct perf_event_attr, wakeup_events),
		STRACE_PEA_SIZE = 136,
	};

	uint32_t read_size;
	struct perf_event_attr *attr;
	uint64_t val;
	union {
		struct pea_flags flags;
		uint64_t raw;
	} flags_data;
#if VERBOSE
	uint32_t cutoff;
#endif

	read_size =
#if !VERBOSE
		STRACE_PEA_ABBREV_SIZE;
#else
		size < STRACE_PEA_SIZE ?
			(size ? size : PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0) : STRACE_PEA_SIZE;
#endif

	if (read_size > available_size) {
		printf("%s", printaddr(attr_ptr));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Replicate kernel's behaviour regarding copying structure from
	 * userspace.
	 */
	attr = calloc(1, STRACE_PEA_SIZE);

	if (!attr)
		error_msg_and_fail("calloc");


	memcpy(attr, attr_ptr, read_size);

	if (size && (size < PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0)) {
		printf("%s", printaddr(attr_ptr));
		free(attr);
		return;
	}

	printf("{type=%s, size=", type);
	if (size != attr->size) {
		printxval(perf_attr_size, size, "PERF_ATTR_SIZE_???");
		printf(" => ");
	}
	printxval(perf_attr_size, attr->size, "PERF_ATTR_SIZE_???");
	printf(", config=%s, ", config);

	if (!size)
		size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0;

	printf("%s=%" PRI__u64", sample_type=%s, read_format=%s",
	       attr->freq ? "sample_freq" : "sample_period",
	       attr->freq ? attr->sample_freq : attr->sample_period,
	       sample_type, read_format);

#define PRINT_FLAG(flag_) \
	do { \
		if (VERBOSE || attr->flag_) { \
			val = attr->flag_; \
			printf(", " #flag_ "=%" PRIu64, val); \
		} \
	} while (0)

	PRINT_FLAG(disabled);
	PRINT_FLAG(inherit);
	PRINT_FLAG(pinned);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclusive);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_user);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_kernel);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_hv);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_idle);
	PRINT_FLAG(mmap);
	PRINT_FLAG(comm);
	PRINT_FLAG(freq);
	PRINT_FLAG(inherit_stat);
	PRINT_FLAG(enable_on_exec);
	PRINT_FLAG(task);
	PRINT_FLAG(watermark);

	flags_data.raw = ((uint64_t *) attr)[5];

	val = attr->precise_ip;
	printf(", precise_ip=%" PRIu64 " /* %s */", val, precise_ip_desc);

	PRINT_FLAG(mmap_data);
	PRINT_FLAG(sample_id_all);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_host);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_guest);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_callchain_kernel);
	PRINT_FLAG(exclude_callchain_user);
	PRINT_FLAG(mmap2);
	PRINT_FLAG(comm_exec);
	PRINT_FLAG(use_clockid);
	PRINT_FLAG(context_switch);
	PRINT_FLAG(write_backward);
	PRINT_FLAG(namespaces);
	PRINT_FLAG(ksymbol);
	PRINT_FLAG(bpf_event);
	PRINT_FLAG(aux_output);
	PRINT_FLAG(cgroup);
	PRINT_FLAG(text_poke);
	PRINT_FLAG(build_id);
	PRINT_FLAG(inherit_thread);
	PRINT_FLAG(remove_on_exec);
	PRINT_FLAG(sigtrap);

	val = flags_data.flags.__reserved_1;
	if (val)
		printf(", __reserved_1=%#" PRIx64 " /* Bits 63..38 */", val);

#if !VERBOSE
	printf(", ...}");
#else /* !VERBOSE */
	printf(", %s=%u",
		attr->watermark ? "wakeup_watermark" : "wakeup_events",
		attr->watermark ? attr->wakeup_watermark : attr->wakeup_events);

	if (attr->type == PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT)
		printf(", bp_type=%s", bp_type);

	val = attr->config1;
	printf(", %s=%#" PRIx64,
	       attr->type == PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT ? "bp_addr" : "config1",
	       val);

	/* End of version 0 of the structure */
	if (size <= 64) {
		cutoff = 64;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->config2;
	if (attr->type == PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT)
		printf(", bp_len=%" PRIu64, val);
	else
		printf(", config2=%#" PRIx64, val);

	/* End of version 1 of the structure */
	if (size <= 72) {
		cutoff = 72;
		goto end;
	}

	/*
	 * Print branch sample type only in case  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
	 * is set in the sample_type field.
	 */
	if (attr->sample_type & (1 << 11))
		printf(", branch_sample_type=%s", branch_sample_type);

	/* End of version 2 of the structure */
	if (size <= 80) {
		cutoff = 80;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->sample_regs_user;
	printf(", sample_regs_user=%#" PRIx64, val);

	if (size <= 88) {
		cutoff = 88;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->sample_stack_user;
	/*
	 * Print branch sample type only in case PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER
	 * is set in the sample_type field.
	 */
	if (attr->sample_type & (1 << 13))
		printf(", sample_stack_user=%#" PRIx32, (uint32_t) val);

	if (size <= 92) {
		cutoff = 92;
		goto end;
	}

	if (attr->use_clockid)
		printf(", clockid=%s", clockid);

	/* End of version 3 of the structure */
	if (size <= 96) {
		cutoff = 96;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->sample_regs_intr;
	printf(", sample_regs_intr=%#" PRIx64, val);

	/* End of version 4 of the structure */
	if (size <= 104) {
		cutoff = 104;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->aux_watermark;
	printf(", aux_watermark=%" PRIu32, (uint32_t) val);

	if (size <= 108) {
		cutoff = 108;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->sample_max_stack;
	printf(", sample_max_stack=%" PRIu16, (uint16_t) val);

	if (size <= 110) {
		cutoff = 110;
		goto end;
	}

	val = ((uint16_t *) attr)[110 / sizeof(uint16_t)];
	if (val)
		printf(" /* bytes 110..111: %#" PRIx16 " */", (uint16_t) val);

	if (size <= 112) {
		cutoff = 112;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->aux_sample_size;
	printf(", aux_sample_size=%" PRIu32, (uint32_t) val);

	if (size <= 116) {
		cutoff = 116;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->__reserved_3;
	if (val)
		printf(" /* bytes 116..119: %#" PRIx32 " */", (uint32_t) val);

	if (size <= 120) {
		cutoff = 120;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->sig_data;
	printf(", sig_data=%#" PRIx64, (uint64_t) val);

	if (size <= 128) {
		cutoff = 128;
		goto end;
	}

	val = attr->config3;
	printf(", config3=%#" PRIx64, (uint64_t) val);

	cutoff = STRACE_PEA_SIZE;

end:
	if (size > cutoff)
		printf(", ...");

	printf("}");
#endif /* !VERBOSE */

	free(attr);
}

/* These require aligned access, so no byte-grain checks possible */
#if defined SPARC || defined SPARC64 || defined POWERPC || defined POWERPC64 || defined ARM || defined AARCH64
# define ATTR_REC(sz) { tail_alloc((sz + 7) & ~7), sz }
#else
# define ATTR_REC(sz) { tail_alloc(sz), sz }
#endif

#define BRANCH_TYPE_ALL \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_FLAGS|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_CYCLES|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_TYPE_SAVE|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HW_INDEX|" \
	"PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PRIV_SAVE"

int
main(void)
{
	static const size_t attr_small_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0 - 8;
	static const size_t attr_v0_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0;
	static const size_t attr_v1_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1;
	static const size_t attr_v2_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2;
	static const size_t attr_v2_5_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2 + 8;
	static const size_t attr_v2_75_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2 + 12;
	static const size_t attr_v3_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER3;
	static const size_t attr_v4_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER4;
	static const size_t attr_v4_5_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER4 + 4;
	static const size_t attr_v4_625_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER4 + 5;
	static const size_t attr_v4_875_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER4 + 7;
	static const size_t attr_v5_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER5;
	static const size_t attr_v5_25_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER5 + 2;
	static const size_t attr_v5_5_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER5 + 4;
	static const size_t attr_v5_75_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER5 + 6;
	static const size_t attr_v6_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER6;
	static const size_t attr_v6_5_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER6 + 4;
	static const size_t attr_v7_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER7;
	static const size_t attr_big_size = PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER7 + 32;

	static const struct u64_val_str attr_types[] = {
		{ ARG_STR(PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE) },
		{ ARG_STR(PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE) },
		{ ARG_STR(PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT) },
		{ ARG_STR(PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE) },
		{ ARG_STR(PERF_TYPE_RAW) },
		{ ARG_STR(PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT) },
		{ ARG_STR(0x6) " /* PERF_TYPE_??? */" },
		{ ARG_STR(0xdeadc0de) " /* PERF_TYPE_??? */" },
	};
	static const struct u64_val_str
	    attr_configs[ARRAY_SIZE(attr_types)][3] = {
		/* PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE */ {
			{ 9, "PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES" },
			{ 10, "0xa /* PERF_COUNT_HW_??? */" },
			{ 0xfaceca7500000004, "0xfaceca75<<32|"
				"PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS" },
		},
		/* PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE */ {
			{ 11, "PERF_COUNT_SW_CGROUP_SWITCHES" },
			{ 12, "0xc /* PERF_COUNT_SW_??? */" },
			{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdec0ded1dec0ded2)
				" /* PERF_COUNT_SW_??? */" },
		},
		/* PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT */ {
			{ ARG_STR(0) },
			{ 4207856245U, "4207856245" },
			{ ARG_ULL_STR(16051074073505095380) },
		},
		/* PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE */ {
			{ 0, "PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS<<16|"
				"PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ<<8|"
				"PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D" },
			{ 0x01020207, "0x1<<24|"
				"0x2 /* PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_??? */<<16|"
				"PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH<<8|"
				"0x7 /* PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_??? */" },
			{ 0xdeadf15700010306ULL, "0xdeadf157<<32|"
				"PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS<<16|"
				"0x3 /* PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_??? */<<8|"
				"PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE" },
		},
		/* PERF_TYPE_RAW */ {
			{ ARG_STR(0) },
			{ ARG_STR(0xda7a1057) },
			{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdec0ded7dec0ded8) },
		},
		/* PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT */ {
			{ ARG_STR(0) },
			{ ARG_STR(0xbadc0ded) },
			{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdec0ded9dec0deda) },
		},
		/* invalid 1 */ {
			{ ARG_STR(0) },
			{ ARG_STR(0xbeeff00d) },
			{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdec0dedbdec0dedc) },
		},
		/* invalid 2 */ {
			{ ARG_STR(0) },
			{ ARG_STR(0xca75dead) },
			{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdec0dedddec0dede) },
		},
	};
	static const struct u64_val_str sample_types[] = {
		{ ARG_STR(0) },
		{ 0x800, "PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK" },
		{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdeadc0deda000000) " /* PERF_SAMPLE_??? */" },
		{ 0xffffffffffffffffULL,
			"PERF_SAMPLE_IP|PERF_SAMPLE_TID|PERF_SAMPLE_TIME|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR|PERF_SAMPLE_READ|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN|PERF_SAMPLE_ID|PERF_SAMPLE_CPU|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD|PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_RAW|PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER|PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT|PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER|PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR|PERF_SAMPLE_PHYS_ADDR|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_AUX|PERF_SAMPLE_CGROUP|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_PAGE_SIZE|PERF_SAMPLE_CODE_PAGE_SIZE|"
			"PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_STRUCT|"
			"0xfffffffffe000000" },
	};
	static const struct u64_val_str read_formats[] = {
		{ ARG_STR(0) },
		{ ARG_STR(PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED) },
		{ 0x1f, "PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED|"
			"PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING|"
			"PERF_FORMAT_ID|"
			"PERF_FORMAT_GROUP|"
			"PERF_FORMAT_LOST" },
		{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdeadf157dec0dee0) " /* PERF_FORMAT_??? */" },
		{ 0xffffffffffffffffULL,
			"PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED|"
			"PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING|"
			"PERF_FORMAT_ID|PERF_FORMAT_GROUP|"
			"PERF_FORMAT_LOST|"
			"0xffffffffffffffe0" },
	};
	static const char *precise_ip_descs[] = {
		"arbitrary skid",
		"constant skid",
		"requested to have 0 skid",
		"must have 0 skid",
	};
	static const struct u32_val_str bp_types[] = {
		{ 0, "HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY" },
		{ 1, "HW_BREAKPOINT_R" },
		{ 3, "HW_BREAKPOINT_RW" },
		{ 5, "0x5 /* HW_BREAKPOINT_INVALID */" },
		{ 8, "0x8 /* HW_BREAKPOINT_??? */" },
		{ ARG_STR(0xface1e55) " /* HW_BREAKPOINT_??? */" },
	};
	static const struct u64_val_str branch_sample_types[] = {
		{ ARG_STR(0) },
		{ 0x80, "PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX" },
		{ 0x7ffff, BRANCH_TYPE_ALL },
		{ ARG_ULL_STR(0xdeadcaffeee80000)
			" /* PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_??? */" },
		{ 0xffffffffffffffffULL,
			BRANCH_TYPE_ALL "|0xfffffffffff80000" }
	};
	static const struct s32_val_str clockids[] = {
		{ 11, "CLOCK_TAI" },
		{ ARG_STR(0xc) " /* CLOCK_??? */" },
		{ ARG_STR(0xbeeffeed) " /* CLOCK_??? */" },
	};


	struct {
		struct perf_event_attr *ptr;
		size_t size;
	} attrs[] = {
		ATTR_REC(sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v0_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v1_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v2_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v2_5_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v2_75_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v3_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v4_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v4_5_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v4_625_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v4_875_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v5_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v5_25_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v5_5_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v5_75_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v6_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v6_5_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_v7_size),
		ATTR_REC(attr_big_size),
	};

	TAIL_ALLOC_OBJECT_CONST_PTR(struct perf_event_attr, small_attr);

	struct {
		struct perf_event_attr *attr;
		pid_t pid;
		int cpu;
		int group_fd;
		unsigned long flags;
		const char *flags_str;
	} args[] = {
		{ NULL,           0xfacef00d, 0xbadabba7, -1,
			(unsigned long) 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFLLU,
			"PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP|PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT|"
			"PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP|PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC|"
			"0x" LONG_STR_PREFIX "fffffff0"
			},
		{ small_attr + 1, 0,          0,          0,
			0, "0" },
		{ small_attr,     -1,         -1,         1,
			PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP | PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT |
			PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP | PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC,
			"PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP|PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT|"
			"PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP|PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC" },
		{ (struct perf_event_attr *) (uintptr_t) 0xfffffacefffffeedULL,
			          -100,       100,        0xface1e55,
			PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC, "PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC" },
	};

	int rc;

	fill_memory(small_attr, sizeof(*small_attr));
	small_attr->size = attr_small_size;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(args); ++i) {
		rc = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, args[i].attr, args[i].pid,
			     args[i].cpu, args[i].group_fd, args[i].flags);
		printf("perf_event_open(%s, %d, %d, %d, %s) = %s\n",
		       printaddr(args[i].attr), args[i].pid, args[i].cpu,
		       args[i].group_fd, args[i].flags_str, sprintrc(rc));
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(attrs) * ARRAY_SIZE(attr_types) *
	    ARRAY_SIZE(attr_configs[0]) + 1; ++i) {
		struct perf_event_attr *attr = attrs[i % ARRAY_SIZE(attrs)].ptr;
		uint32_t size = attrs[i % ARRAY_SIZE(attrs)].size;
		unsigned char fill_start = 0x80 + i;
		size_t type_idx = i % ARRAY_SIZE(attr_types);
		size_t config_idx = i % ARRAY_SIZE(attr_configs[0]);
		size_t sample_type_idx = i % ARRAY_SIZE(sample_types);
		size_t read_format_idx = i % ARRAY_SIZE(read_formats);
		size_t bp_type_idx = (i / ARRAY_SIZE(attr_configs[0])) %
			ARRAY_SIZE(bp_types);
		size_t branch_sample_type_idx = (i / ARRAY_SIZE(sample_types)) %
			ARRAY_SIZE(branch_sample_types);
		size_t clockid_idx = i % ARRAY_SIZE(clockids);
		size_t args_idx = i % ARRAY_SIZE(args);
		const char *ip_desc_str;

		fill_memory_ex(attr, size, fill_start, 0xff);

		attr->type = attr_types[type_idx].val;
		attr->size = size;
		attr->config = attr_configs[type_idx][config_idx].val;
		attr->sample_type = sample_types[sample_type_idx].val;
		attr->read_format = read_formats[read_format_idx].val;

		if ((i % 11) == 5)
			attr->__reserved_1 = 0;

		attr->bp_type = bp_types[bp_type_idx].val;

		if (size >= 80)
			attr->branch_sample_type =
				branch_sample_types[branch_sample_type_idx].val;

		if (size >= 96)
			attr->clockid =
				clockids[clockid_idx].val;

		ip_desc_str = precise_ip_descs[attr->precise_ip];

		if (((i % 17) == 3) && (size >= 112))
			((uint16_t *) attr)[110 / sizeof(uint16_t)] = 0;

		if (((i % 23) == 7) && (size >= 120))
			((uint32_t *) attr)[116 / sizeof(uint32_t)] = 0;

		if (i == 0)
			attr->size = size + 8;

		if (i == 1)
			attr->size = 0;

		rc = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, attr, args[args_idx].pid,
			     args[args_idx].cpu, args[args_idx].group_fd,
			     args[args_idx].flags);

		printf("perf_event_open(");
		print_event_attr(attr, i ? ((i == 1) ? 0 : size) : size + 8,
				 attr_types[type_idx].str,
				 attr_configs[type_idx][config_idx].str,
				 sample_types[sample_type_idx].str,
				 read_formats[read_format_idx].str,
				 ip_desc_str,
				 bp_types[bp_type_idx].str,
				 branch_sample_types[branch_sample_type_idx].str,
				 clockids[clockid_idx].str, size);
		printf(", %d, %d, %d, %s) = %s\n", args[args_idx].pid,
		       args[args_idx].cpu, args[args_idx].group_fd,
		       args[args_idx].flags_str, sprintrc(rc));
	}

	puts("+++ exited with 0 +++");
	return 0;
}