path: root/INSTALL

Installation instructions for CU sudo 1.5.8
===========================================

Sudo uses a `configure' script to probe the capabilities and type
of the system in question.  In this release, `configure' takes many
more options than it did before.  Please read this document fully
before configuring and building sudo.  You may also wish to read the
file INSTALL.configure which explains more about the `configure' script.

Simple sudo installation
========================

For most systems and configurations it is possible simply to:

    0) If you are upgrading from a previous version of sudo
       please read the section "Notes on upgrading from an older release".

    1) If you previously ran `configure' on a different host
       you will probably want to do a `make distclean' to remove
       the old `config.cache' file.  Otherwise, `configure'
       will complain and refuse to run.  Alternately, one can
       simply `rm config.cache'.

    2) Read the `OS dependent notes' section for any particular
       "gotchas" relating to your operating system.

    3) `cd' to the source or build directory and type `./configure'
       to generate a Makefile and config.h file suitable for
       building sudo.  Before you actually run configure you
       should read the `Available configure options' section
       to see if there are any special options you may want
       or need.  Also of interest may be the section on
       `Mixing password authentication schemes'.

    4) Edit the configure-generated Makefile if you wish to
       change any of the default paths (alternately you could
       have changed the paths via options to `configure'.

    5) Type `make' to compile sudo.  If you are building sudo
       in a separate build tree (apart from the sudo source)
       GNU make will probably be required.  If `configure' did
       its job properly (and you have a supported configuration)
       there won't be any problems.  If this doesn't work, take
       a look at the files TROUBLESHOOTING and PORTING for tips
       on what might have gone wrong.  Please mail us if you have a
       fix or if you are unable to come up with a fix (address at EOF).

    6) Type `make install' (as root) to install sudo, visudo, the
       man pages, and a skeleton sudoers file.  Note that the install
       will not overwrite an existing sudoers file.  You can also
       install various pieces the package via the install-binaries,
       install-man, and install-sudoers make targets.

    7) Edit the sudoers file with `visudo' as necessary for your
       site.  You will probably want to refer the sample.sudoers
       file and sudoers man page included with the sudo package.

Notes on upgrading from an older release
========================================

Starting with sudo 1.5.7 the configuration method has changed
significantly as compared to previous versions.  All options are
now set via the configure script.  See below for a list of all the
configure options and their meanings.

By default, sudo 1.5.8 expects the sudoers file to be mode 0440 and
to be owned by user and group 0.  This differs from version 1.4 and
below which expected the sudoers file to be mode 0400 and to be
owned by root.  Doing a `make install' will set the sudoers file
to the new mode and group.  If sudo 1.5.8 encounters a sudoers file
with the old permissions it will attempt to update it to the new
scheme.  You cannot, however, use a sudoers file with the new
permissions with an old sudo binary.  It is suggested that if have
a means of distributing sudo you distribute the new binaries first,
then the new sudoers file (or you can leave sudoers as is and sudo
will fix the permissions itself as long as sudoers is on a local
filesystem).

Available configure options
===========================

This section describes flags accepted by the sudo's `configure' script.
Defaults are listed in brackets after the description.

Configuration:
  --cache-file=FILE
	Cache test results in FILE

  --help
	Print the usage/help info

  --no-create
	Do not create output files

  --quiet, --silent
	Do not print `checking...' messages

Directory and file names:
  --prefix=PREFIX
	Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX This really only
	applies to man pages.  [/usr/local]

  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX
	Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX This includes the
	sudo and visudo executables.  [same as prefix]

  --bindir=DIR
	Install `sudo' in DIR [EPREFIX/bin]

  --sbindir=DIR
	Install `visudo' in DIR [EPREFIX/sbin]

  --sysconfdir=DIR
	Install `sudoers' file in DIR [/etc]

  --mandir=DIR
	Install man pages in DIR [PREFIX/man]

  --srcdir=DIR
	Find the sources in DIR [configure dir or ..]

Special features/options:
  --with-CC=path
	Specifies path to C compiler you wish to use.

  --with-incpath
	Adds the specified directories to CPPFLAGS so configure and the
	compiler will look there for include files.  Multiple directories
	may be specified as long as they are space separated.
	Eg: --with-incpath="/usr/local/include /opt/include"

  --with-libpath
	Adds the specified directories to SUDO_LDFLAGS and VISUDO_LDFLAGS so
	configure and the compiler will look there for libraries.  Multiple
	directories may be specified as with --with-incpath.

  --with-libraries
	Adds the specified libaries to SUDO_LIBS and and VISUDO_LIBS so sudo
	will link against them.  If the library doesn't start with `-l' or end
	in `.a' or `.o' a `-l' will be prepended to it.  Multiple libraries may
	be specified as long as they are space separated.

  --with-csops
	Add CSOps standard options.  You probably aren't interested in this.

  --with-skey
	Enable S/Key OTP (One Time Password) support.

  --with-opie
	Enable NRL OPIE OTP (One Time Password) support.

  --with-otp-only
	When validating the user, only allow a One Time Password (OTP)
	passkey via S/Key or OPIE.  Do not compare against the passwd
	file or use any other authentication scheme.

  --with-long-otp-prompt
	When validating with a One Time Password scheme (S/Key or OPIE), a
	two-line prompt is used to make it easier to cut and paste the
	challenge to a local window.  It's not as pretty as the default but
	some people find it more convenient.

  --with-SecurID
	Enable SecurID support.

  --with-kerb4
	Enable kerberos v4 support Tested only with the Cygnus Network
	Security package (CNS).  This uses kerberos passphrases for
	authentication but does not use the kerberos cookie scheme.

  --with-kerb5
	Enable kerberos v5 support.  Tested against MIT Kerberos V,
	release 1.1, although also expected to work against CNS.  This
	This uses kerberos passphrases for authentication but does not
	use the kerberos cookie scheme.

  --with-authenticate
	Enable support for the AIX 4.x general authentication function.
	This will use the authentication scheme specified for the user
	on the machine.

  --with-pam
	Enable PAM support.  Tested on Redhat Linux 5.x but should work on
	earlier versions too.

  --with-AFS
	Enable AFS support with kerberos authentication.  Should work under
	AFS 3.3.  If your AFS doesn't have -laudit you should be able to
	link without it.

  --with-DCE
	Enable DCE support.  Known to work on HP-UX 9.X and 10.0.  Other
	platforms may require source code and/or `configure' changes.

  --with-message=TYPE
	Set message for first time sudo to be "short", "full", or "none".
	Default is "short.

  --with-logging=TYPE
	How you want to do your logging.  You may choose "syslog", "file",
	or "both".  Setting this to "syslog" is nice because you can keep all
	of your sudo logs in one place.  If you don't have syslog or if your
	syslog is of an ancient vintage (4.2BSD, SunOS 3.x and all versions
	of Ultrix) you should probably use "file" logging.
	The default is "syslog".

  --with-logfac=FACILITY
	Determines which syslog facility to log to.  This This requires a
	4.3BSD or later version of syslog.  You can still set this for ancient
	syslogs but it will have no effect.  A list of possible values may be
	found in /usr/include/syslog.h.  The default is to use LOG_LOCAL2 but
	some sites may wish to use LOG_AUTH instead.

  --with-logpath=path
	Override the default location of the sudo log file and use "path"
	instead.  By default will use /var/log/sudo.log if there is a /var/log
	dir, falling back to /var/adm/sudo.log or /usr/adm/sudo.log if not.

  --with-loglen
	Number of characters per line for the file log.  This is only used if
	you are to "file" or "both".  This value is used to decide when to wrap
	lines for nicer log files.  The default is 80.

  --with-ignore-dot
	If set, sudo will ignore '.' or '' (current dir) in $PATH.
	The $PATH itself is not modified.

  --with-alertmail
	User that mail from sudo is sent to.  This should go to a sysadmin at
	your site.  The default is "root".

  --with-mailsubject
	Subject of the mail sent to the "alertmail" user. The token "%h"
	will expand to the hostname of the machine.
	Default is "*** SECURITY information for %h ***".

  --without-mail-if-no-user
	Normally, sudo will mail to the "alermail" user if the user invoking
	sudo is not in the sudoers file.  This option disables that behavior.

  --with-mail-if-noperms
	Send mail to the "alermail" user if the user is allowed to use sudo but
	the command they are trying is not listed in their sudoers file entry.

  --with-passprompt
	Default prompt to use when asking for a password; can be overridden
	via the -p option and the SUDO_PROMPT environment variable. Supports
	two escapes: "%u" expands to the user's login name and "%h" expands
	to the local hostname.  Default is "Password:".

  --with-badpass-message
	Message that is displayed if a user enters an incorrect password.
	The default is "Sorry, try again." unless insults are turned on.

  --with-fqdn
        Define this if you want to put fully qualified hostnames in the sudoers
	file.  Ie: instead of myhost you would use myhost.mydomain.edu.  You may
	still use the short form if you wish (and even mix the two).  Beware
	that turning FQDN on requires sudo to make DNS lookups which may make
	sudo unusable if your DNS is totally hosed.  Also note that you must
	use the host's official name as DNS knows it.  That is, you may not use
	a host alias (CNAME entry) due to performance issues and the fact that
	there is no way to get all aliases from DNS.

  --with-timedir=path
	Override the default location of the sudo timestamp directory and
	use "path" instead.

  --with-sendmail=path
	Override configure's guess as to the location of sendmail.

  --without-sendmail
	Do not use sendmail to mail messages to the "alertmail" user.
	Use only if don't run sendmail or the equivalent.

  --with-sudoers-mode=mode
	File mode for the sudoers file (octal).  Note that if you wish to
	NFS-mount the sudoers file this must be group readable.  Also note
	that this is actually set in the Makefile.  The default mode is 0440.

  --with-sudoers-uid
	User id that "owns" the sudoers file.  Note that this is the numeric
	id, *not* the symbolic name.  Also note that this is actually set in
	the Makefile.  The default is 0.

  --with-sudoers-gid
	Group id that "owns" the sudoers file.  Note that this is the numeric
	id, *not* the symbolic name.  Also note that this is actually set in
	the Makefile.  The default is 0.

  --with-sudo-umask
	Umask to use when running the root command.  The default is 0022.

  --without-sudo-umask
	Preserves the umask of the user invoking sudo.

  --with-runas-default=user
	The default user to run commands as if the -u flag is not specified
	on the command line.  This defaults to "root".

  --with-exempt=group
	Users in the specified group don't need to enter a password when
	running sudo.  This may be useful for sites that don't want their
	"core" sysadmins to have to enter a password but where Jr. sysadmins
	need to.  You should probably use NOPASSWD in sudoers instead.

  --with-editor=path
	Specify the default editor used by visudo (and the only editor used
	unless --with-env-editor is specified).  The default is the path
	to vi on your system.

  --with-env-editor
	Makes visudo consult the EDITOR and VISUAL environment variables before
	falling back on the default editor.  Note that this may create a
	security hole as most editors allow a user to get a shell (which would
	be a root shell and hence, no logging).

  --with-passwd-tries=tries
	Number of tries a user gets to enter his/her password before sudo logs
	the failure and exits.  The default is 3.

  --with-timeout=minutes
	Number of minutes that can elapse before sudo will ask for a passwd
	again.  The default is 5, set this to 0 to always prompt for a password.

  --with-password-timeout=minutes
	Number of minutes before the sudo password prompt times out.
	The default is 5, set this to 0 for no password timeout.

  --with-execv
	Use execv() to exec the command instead of execvp().  I can't think of
	a reason to actually do this since execvp() is passed a fully qualified
	pathname but someone might thoroughly distrust execvp().  Note that if
	you define this you lose the ability to exec scripts that are missing
	the '#!/bin/sh' cookie (like /bin/kill on SunOS and /etc/fastboot on
	4.3BSD).  This is off by default.

  --with-tty-tickets
	This makes sudo use a different ticket file for each tty (per user).
	Ie: instead of the ticket file being "username" it is "username:tty".
	This is useful for "shared" accounts like "operator".  Note that this
	means that there will be more files in the timestamp dir.  This is not
	a problem if your system has a cron job to remove of files from /tmp
	(or wherever you specified the timestamp dir to be).

  --with-insults
	Define this if you want to be insulted for typing an incorrect password
	just like the original sudo(8).  This is off by default.

  --with-all-insults
	Include all the insult sets listed below.

  --with-classic-insults
	Uses insults from sudo "classic."  If you just specify --with-insults
	you will get the classic and CSOps insults.  This is on by default if
	--with-insults is given.

  --with-csops-insults
	Insults the user with an extra set of insults (some quotes, some
	original) from a sysadmin group at CU (CSOps).  You must specify
	--with-insults as well for this to have any effect.  This is on by
	default if --with-insults is given.

  --with-hal-insults
	Uses 2001-like insults when an incorrect password is entered.
	You must specify --with-insults as well for this to have any effect.

  --with-goons-insults
	Insults the user with lines from the "Goon Show" when an incorrect
	password is entered.  You must specify --with-insults as well for
	this to have any effect.

  --with-secure-path[=path]
	Path used for every command run from sudo(8).  If you don't trust the
	people running sudo to have a sane PATH environment variable you may
	want to use this.  Another use is if you want to have the "root path"
	be separate from the "user path."  You will need to customize the path
	for your site.  NOTE: this is not applied to users in the group
	specified by --with-exemptgroup.  If you do not specify a path,
	"/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/etc:/etc" is used.

  --without-interfaces
	This option keeps sudo from trying to glean the ip address from each
	attached ethernet interface.  It is only useful on a machine where
	sudo's interface reading support does not work, which may be the case
	on some SysV-based OS's using STREAMS.

  --disable-shadow
	Disable shadow password support.  Normally, sudo will compile in shadow
	password support and use a shadow password if it exists.

  --disable-root-sudo
	Don't let root run sudo.  This can be used to prevent people from
	"chaining" sudo commands to get a root shell by doing something
	like "sudo sudo /bin/sh".

  --disable-tgetpass
	Use system getpass(3) instead of sudo-supplied tgetpass().  For systems
	where tgetpass() is broken.

  --enable-log-host
	Log the hostname in the log file.

  --disable-log-wrap
	Do not wrap long lines in the log file.

  --enable-noargs-shell
	If sudo is invoked with no arguments it acts as if the "-s" flag had
	been given.  That is, it runs a shell as root (the shell is determined
	by the SHELL environment variable, falling back on the shell listed
	in the invoking user's /etc/passwd entry).

  --enable-shell-sets-home
	If sudo is invoked with the "-s" flag the HOME environment variable
	will be set to the home directory of the target user (which is root
	unless the "-u" option is used).  This option effectively makes the
	"-s" flag imply "-H".

  --disable-path-info
	Normally, sudo will tell the user when a command could not be found
	in their $PATH.  Some sites may wish to disable this as it could
	be used to gather information on the location of executables that
	the normal user does not have access to.

  --disable-sia
	Disable SIA support.  This is the "Security Integration Architecture"
	on Digital UNIX.

Shadow password and C2 support
==============================

Shadow passwords (also included with most C2 security packages) are
supported on most major platforms for which they exist.  The
`configure' script will attempt to determine if your system can use
shadow passwords and include support for them if so.  Shadow password
support is now compiled in by default (it doesn't hurt anything if you
don't have them configured).  To disable the shadow password support,
use the --disable-shadow option to configure.

Shadow passwords are supported on the following platforms:

    SunOS 4.x
    Solaris 2.x
    HP-UX >= 9.x
    Ultrix 4.x
    Digital UNIX 3.x and 4.x
    IRIX 5.x and 6.x
    AIX 3.2.x ad 4.x
    ConvexOS with C2 security (not tested recently)
    Linux
    SCO 3.2.2
    Pyramid DC/OSx
    UnixWare
    SVR4 (and variants using standard SVR4 shadow passwords)
    4.4BSD based systems (including OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, and BSD/OS)
    OS's using SecureWare's C2 security.

Mixing password authentication schemes
======================================

It is possible to build sudo with support for several authentication
schemes, including shadow passwords, kerberos, s/key, AFS, DCE and
normal UN*X passwords into a single binary.  User validation will
take slightly longer, of course, but it may be valuable to have a
single sudo binary that is distributed among systems with varying
authentication mechanisms.  The exception to this rule is SecurID
which must be the only authentication mechanism used.

OS dependent notes
==================

OpenBSD < 2.2 and NetBSD < 1.2.1:
    The fdesc filesystem has a bug wrt /dev/tty handling that
    causes sudo to hang at the password prompt.  The workaround
    is to run configure with --with-password-timeout=0

Solaris 2.x:
    You need to have a C compiler in order to build sudo.
    Since Solaris 2.x does not come with one by default this
    means that you either need to have purchased the unbundled Sun
    C compiler or have a copy of the GNU C compiler (gcc).
    The SunSoft Catalyst CD should contain gcc binaries for
    Solaris.  You can also get them from various places on the
    net, including http://www.sunfreeware.com/
    NOTE: sudo will *not* build with the sun C compiler in BSD
          compatibility mode (/usr/ucb/cc).  Sudo is designed to
          compile with the standard C compiler (or gcc) and will
          not build correctly with /usr/ucb/cc.  You can use the
          `--with-CC' option to point `configure' to the non-ucb
          compiler if it is not the first cc in your path.  Some
          sites link /usr/ucb/cc to gcc; configure will not notice
          this an still refuse to use /usr/ucb/cc, so make sure gcc
          is also in your path if your site is setup this way.
    Also: Many versions of Solaris come with a broken syslogd.
	  If you have having problems with sudo logging you should
	  make sure you have the latest syslogd patch installed.
	  This is a problem for Solaris 2.4 and 2.5 at least.

AIX 3.2.x:
    I've had various problems with the AIX C compiler producing
    incorrect code when the -O flag was used.  When optimization
    is not used, the problems go away.  Gcc does not appear
    to have this problem.

    Also, the AIX 3.2.x lex will not work with sudo's parse.lex.
    This should not be a problem as sudo comes shipped with
    a pre-generated lex.yy.c (created by flex).  If you want
    to modify the lex tokenizer, make sure you grab a copy of
    flex from ftp.ee.lbl.gov (also available on most GNU mirrors)
    and sudo will use that instead.

Ultrix 4.x:
    Ultrix still ships with the 4.2BSD syslog(3) which does not
    allow things like logging different facilities to different
    files, redirecting logs to a single loghost and other niceties.
    You may want to just grab and install:
	ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/jtkohl-syslog-complete.tar.Z
    (available via anonymous ftp) which is a port if the 4.3BSD
    syslog/syslogd that is backwards compatible with the Ultrix version.
    I recommend it highly.  If you do not do this you probably want
    to run configure with --with-logging=file

Digital UNIX:
    By default, sudo will use SIA (Security Integration Architecture)
    to validate a user.  If you want to use an alternate authentication
    method that does not go through SIA, you need to use the
    --disable-sia option to configure.

Linux:
    One person reported that he needed to run configure with
    the --with-getpass flag to get a working sudo.  Other people
    haven't had that problem so it may only affect certain
    distributions.
    NOTE: Reportedly, Linux's execvp(3) doesn't always execute
	  scripts that lack the "#!/some/shell" header correctly.
	  The workaround is to give all your scripts a proper
	  header.
    Versions of glibc 2.x previous to 2.0.7 have a broken lsearch().
    You will need to either upgrade to glibc-2.0.7 or use sudo's
    version of lsearch().  To use sudo's lsearch(), comment out
    the "#define HAVE_LSEARCH 1" line in config.h and add lsearch.o
    to the LIBOBJS line in the Makefile.

SCO ODT:
    You'll probably need libcrypt_i.a available via anonymous ftp
    from sosco.sco.com.  The necessary files are /SLS/lng225b.Z
    and /SLS/lng225b.ltr.Z.

Please send changes, bugs, security holes, and gripes to:
    sudo-bugs@courtesan.com
But please read the `TROUBLESHOOTING' file first.