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diff --git a/man/crypttab.xml b/man/crypttab.xml index 1a1002ecf4..aeacc57973 100644 --- a/man/crypttab.xml +++ b/man/crypttab.xml @@ -27,389 +27,366 @@ --> <refentry id="crypttab" conditional='HAVE_LIBCRYPTSETUP'> - <refentryinfo> - <title>crypttab</title> - <productname>systemd</productname> - - <authorgroup> - <author> - <contrib>Documentation</contrib> - <firstname>Miloslav</firstname> - <surname>Trmac</surname> - <email>mitr@redhat.com</email> - </author> - <author> - <contrib>Documentation</contrib> - <firstname>Lennart</firstname> - <surname>Poettering</surname> - <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> - </author> - </authorgroup> - </refentryinfo> - - <refmeta> - <refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle> - <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> - </refmeta> - - <refnamediv> - <refname>crypttab</refname> - <refpurpose>Configuration for encrypted block devices</refpurpose> - </refnamediv> - - <refsynopsisdiv> - <para><filename>/etc/crypttab</filename></para> - </refsynopsisdiv> - - <refsect1> - <title>Description</title> - - <para>The <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> file - describes encrypted block devices that are set up - during system boot.</para> - - <para>Empty lines and lines starting with the <literal>#</literal> - character are ignored. Each of the remaining lines - describes one encrypted block device, fields on the - line are delimited by white space. The first two - fields are mandatory, the remaining two are - optional.</para> - - <para>Setting up encrypted block devices using this file - supports three encryption modes: LUKS, TrueCrypt and plain. - See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for more information about each mode. When no mode is specified - in the options field and the block device contains a LUKS - signature, it is opened as a LUKS device; otherwise, it is - assumed to be in raw dm-crypt (plain mode) format.</para> - - <para>The first field contains the name of the - resulting encrypted block device; the device is set up - within <filename>/dev/mapper/</filename>.</para> - - <para>The second field contains a path to the - underlying block device or file, or a specification of a block - device via <literal>UUID=</literal> followed by the - UUID.</para> - - <para>The third field specifies the encryption - password. If the field is not present or the password - is set to <literal>none</literal> or <literal>-</literal>, - the password has to be manually entered during system boot. - Otherwise, the field is interpreted as a absolute path to - a file containing the encryption password. For swap encryption, - <filename>/dev/urandom</filename> or the hardware - device <filename>/dev/hw_random</filename> can be used - as the password file; using - <filename>/dev/random</filename> may prevent boot - completion if the system does not have enough entropy - to generate a truly random encryption key.</para> - - <para>The fourth field, if present, is a - comma-delimited list of options. The following - options are recognized:</para> - - <variablelist class='fstab-options'> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>discard</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Allow discard requests to be - passed through the encrypted block device. This - improves performance on SSD storage but has - security implications.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>cipher=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the cipher to use. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for possible values and the default value of - this option. A cipher with unpredictable IV - values, such as <literal>aes-cbc-essiv:sha256</literal>, - is recommended.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>hash=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the hash to use for - password hashing. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for possible values and the default value of - this option.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>header=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Use a detached (separated) - metadata device or file where the LUKS header - is stored. This option is only relevant for - LUKS devices. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for possible values and the default value of - this option.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>keyfile-offset=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the number of bytes to - skip at the start of the key file. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for possible values and the default value of - this option.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>keyfile-size=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum number - of bytes to read from the key file. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for possible values and the default value of - this option. This option is ignored in plain - encryption mode, as the key file size is then - given by the key size.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>key-slot=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the key slot to - compare the passphrase or key against. - If the key slot does not match the given - passphrase or key, but another would, the - setup of the device will fail regardless. - This option implies <option>luks</option>. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for possible values. The default is to try - all key slots in sequential order.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>luks</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Force LUKS mode. When this mode - is used, the following options are ignored since - they are provided by the LUKS header on the - device: <option>cipher=</option>, - <option>hash=</option>, - <option>size=</option>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>noauto</option></term> - - <listitem><para>This device will not be - automatically unlocked on boot.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>nofail</option></term> - - <listitem><para>The system will not wait for the - device to show up and be unlocked at boot, and - not fail the boot if it does not show up.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>plain</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Force plain encryption mode.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>read-only</option></term><term><option>readonly</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Set up the encrypted block - device in read-only mode.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>size=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the key size - in bits. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for possible values and the default value of - this option.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>swap</option></term> - - <listitem><para>The encrypted block device will - be used as a swap device, and will be formatted - accordingly after setting up the encrypted - block device, with - <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. - This option implies <option>plain</option>.</para> - - <para>WARNING: Using the <option>swap</option> - option will destroy the contents of the named - partition during every boot, so make sure the - underlying block device is specified correctly.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>tcrypt</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Use TrueCrypt encryption mode. - When this mode is used, the following options are - ignored since they are provided by the TrueCrypt - header on the device or do not apply: - <option>cipher=</option>, - <option>hash=</option>, - <option>keyfile-offset=</option>, - <option>keyfile-size=</option>, - <option>size=</option>.</para> - - <para>When this mode is used, the passphrase is - read from the key file given in the third field. - Only the first line of this file is read, - excluding the new line character.</para> - - <para>Note that the TrueCrypt format uses both - passphrase and key files to derive a password - for the volume. Therefore, the passphrase and - all key files need to be provided. Use - <option>tcrypt-keyfile=</option> to provide - the absolute path to all key files. When using - an empty passphrase in combination with one or - more key files, use <literal>/dev/null</literal> - as the password file in the third field.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>tcrypt-hidden</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Use the hidden TrueCrypt volume. - This option implies <option>tcrypt</option>.</para> - - <para>This will map the hidden volume that is - inside of the volume provided in the second - field. Please note that there is no protection - for the hidden volume if the outer volume is - mounted instead. See - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - for more information on this limitation.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>tcrypt-keyfile=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the absolute path to a - key file to use for a TrueCrypt volume. This - implies <option>tcrypt</option> and can be - used more than once to provide several key - files.</para> - - <para>See the entry for <option>tcrypt</option> - on the behavior of the passphrase and key files - when using TrueCrypt encryption mode.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>tcrypt-system</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Use TrueCrypt in system - encryption mode. This option implies - <option>tcrypt</option>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>timeout=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the timeout for - querying for a password. If no unit is - specified, seconds is used. Supported units are - s, ms, us, min, h, d. A timeout of 0 waits - indefinitely (which is the default).</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>x-systemd.device-timeout=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies how long - systemd should wait for a device to - show up before giving up on the - entry. The argument is a time in - seconds or explicitly specified - units of <literal>s</literal>, - <literal>min</literal>, - <literal>h</literal>, - <literal>ms</literal>. - </para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>tmp</option></term> - - <listitem><para>The encrypted block device will - be prepared for using it as <filename>/tmp</filename>; - it will be formatted using - <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. - This option implies <option>plain</option>.</para> - - <para>WARNING: Using the <option>tmp</option> - option will destroy the contents of the named - partition during every boot, so make sure the - underlying block device is specified correctly.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>tries=</option></term> - - <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum number of - times the user is queried for a password. - The default is 3. If set to 0, the user is - queried for a password indefinitely.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term><option>verify</option></term> - - <listitem><para> If the encryption password is - read from console, it has to be entered twice to - prevent typos.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - </variablelist> - - <para>At early boot and when the system manager - configuration is reloaded, this file is translated into - native systemd units - by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> - </refsect1> - - <refsect1> - <title>Example</title> - <example> - <title>/etc/crypttab example</title> - <para>Set up four encrypted block devices. One using - LUKS for normal storage, another one for usage as a swap - device and two TrueCrypt volumes.</para> - - <programlisting>luks UUID=2505567a-9e27-4efe-a4d5-15ad146c258b -swap /dev/sda7 /dev/urandom swap + <refentryinfo> + <title>crypttab</title> + <productname>systemd</productname> + + <authorgroup> + <author> + <contrib>Documentation</contrib> + <firstname>Miloslav</firstname> + <surname>Trmac</surname> + <email>mitr@redhat.com</email> + </author> + <author> + <contrib>Documentation</contrib> + <firstname>Lennart</firstname> + <surname>Poettering</surname> + <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> + </author> + </authorgroup> + </refentryinfo> + + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>crypttab</refname> + <refpurpose>Configuration for encrypted block devices</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <para><filename>/etc/crypttab</filename></para> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + + <para>The <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> file describes + encrypted block devices that are set up during system boot.</para> + + <para>Empty lines and lines starting with the <literal>#</literal> + character are ignored. Each of the remaining lines describes one + encrypted block device, fields on the line are delimited by white + space. The first two fields are mandatory, the remaining two are + optional.</para> + + <para>Setting up encrypted block devices using this file supports + three encryption modes: LUKS, TrueCrypt and plain. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for more information about each mode. When no mode is specified in + the options field and the block device contains a LUKS signature, + it is opened as a LUKS device; otherwise, it is assumed to be in + raw dm-crypt (plain mode) format.</para> + + <para>The first field contains the name of the resulting encrypted + block device; the device is set up within + <filename>/dev/mapper/</filename>.</para> + + <para>The second field contains a path to the underlying block + device or file, or a specification of a block device via + <literal>UUID=</literal> followed by the UUID.</para> + + <para>The third field specifies the encryption password. If the + field is not present or the password is set to + <literal>none</literal> or <literal>-</literal>, the password has + to be manually entered during system boot. Otherwise, the field is + interpreted as a absolute path to a file containing the encryption + password. For swap encryption, <filename>/dev/urandom</filename> + or the hardware device <filename>/dev/hw_random</filename> can be + used as the password file; using <filename>/dev/random</filename> + may prevent boot completion if the system does not have enough + entropy to generate a truly random encryption key.</para> + + <para>The fourth field, if present, is a comma-delimited list of + options. The following options are recognized:</para> + + <variablelist class='fstab-options'> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>discard</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Allow discard requests to be passed through + the encrypted block device. This improves performance on SSD + storage but has security implications.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>cipher=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the cipher to use. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values and the default value of this option. A + cipher with unpredictable IV values, such as + <literal>aes-cbc-essiv:sha256</literal>, is + recommended.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>hash=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the hash to use for password + hashing. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values and the default value of this + option.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>header=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Use a detached (separated) metadata device or + file where the LUKS header is stored. This option is only + relevant for LUKS devices. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values and the default value of this + option.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>keyfile-offset=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the number of bytes to skip at the + start of the key file. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values and the default value of this + option.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>keyfile-size=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum number of bytes to read + from the key file. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values and the default value of this option. This + option is ignored in plain encryption mode, as the key file + size is then given by the key size.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>key-slot=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the key slot to compare the + passphrase or key against. If the key slot does not match the + given passphrase or key, but another would, the setup of the + device will fail regardless. This option implies + <option>luks</option>. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values. The default is to try all key slots in + sequential order.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>luks</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Force LUKS mode. When this mode is used, the + following options are ignored since they are provided by the + LUKS header on the device: <option>cipher=</option>, + <option>hash=</option>, + <option>size=</option>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>noauto</option></term> + + <listitem><para>This device will not be automatically unlocked + on boot.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>nofail</option></term> + + <listitem><para>The system will not wait for the device to + show up and be unlocked at boot, and not fail the boot if it + does not show up.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>plain</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Force plain encryption mode.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>read-only</option></term><term><option>readonly</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Set up the encrypted block device in read-only + mode.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>size=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the key size in bits. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values and the default value of this + option.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>swap</option></term> + + <listitem><para>The encrypted block device will be used as a + swap device, and will be formatted accordingly after setting + up the encrypted block device, with + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + This option implies <option>plain</option>.</para> + + <para>WARNING: Using the <option>swap</option> option will + destroy the contents of the named partition during every boot, + so make sure the underlying block device is specified + correctly.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>tcrypt</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Use TrueCrypt encryption mode. When this mode + is used, the following options are ignored since they are + provided by the TrueCrypt header on the device or do not + apply: + <option>cipher=</option>, + <option>hash=</option>, + <option>keyfile-offset=</option>, + <option>keyfile-size=</option>, + <option>size=</option>.</para> + + <para>When this mode is used, the passphrase is read from the + key file given in the third field. Only the first line of this + file is read, excluding the new line character.</para> + + <para>Note that the TrueCrypt format uses both passphrase and + key files to derive a password for the volume. Therefore, the + passphrase and all key files need to be provided. Use + <option>tcrypt-keyfile=</option> to provide the absolute path + to all key files. When using an empty passphrase in + combination with one or more key files, use + <literal>/dev/null</literal> as the password file in the third + field.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>tcrypt-hidden</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Use the hidden TrueCrypt volume. This option + implies <option>tcrypt</option>.</para> + + <para>This will map the hidden volume that is inside of the + volume provided in the second field. Please note that there is + no protection for the hidden volume if the outer volume is + mounted instead. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for more information on this limitation.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>tcrypt-keyfile=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the absolute path to a key file to + use for a TrueCrypt volume. This implies + <option>tcrypt</option> and can be used more than once to + provide several key files.</para> + + <para>See the entry for <option>tcrypt</option> on the + behavior of the passphrase and key files when using TrueCrypt + encryption mode.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>tcrypt-system</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Use TrueCrypt in system encryption mode. This + option implies <option>tcrypt</option>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>timeout=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the timeout for querying for a + password. If no unit is specified, seconds is used. Supported + units are s, ms, us, min, h, d. A timeout of 0 waits + indefinitely (which is the default).</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>x-systemd.device-timeout=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies how long systemd should wait for a + device to show up before giving up on the entry. The argument + is a time in seconds or explicitly specified units of + <literal>s</literal>, + <literal>min</literal>, + <literal>h</literal>, + <literal>ms</literal>. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>tmp</option></term> + + <listitem><para>The encrypted block device will be prepared + for using it as <filename>/tmp</filename>; it will be + formatted using + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + This option implies <option>plain</option>.</para> + + <para>WARNING: Using the <option>tmp</option> option will + destroy the contents of the named partition during every boot, + so make sure the underlying block device is specified + correctly.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>tries=</option></term> + + <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum number of times the user + is queried for a password. The default is 3. If set to 0, the + user is queried for a password indefinitely.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>verify</option></term> + + <listitem><para> If the encryption password is read from + console, it has to be entered twice to prevent + typos.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + <para>At early boot and when the system manager configuration is + reloaded, this file is translated into native systemd units by + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Example</title> + <example> + <title>/etc/crypttab example</title> + <para>Set up four encrypted block devices. One using LUKS for + normal storage, another one for usage as a swap device and two + TrueCrypt volumes.</para> + + <programlisting>luks UUID=2505567a-9e27-4efe-a4d5-15ad146c258b +swap /dev/sda7 /dev/urandom swap truecrypt /dev/sda2 /etc/container_password tcrypt -hidden /mnt/tc_hidden /dev/null tcrypt-hidden,tcrypt-keyfile=/etc/keyfile</programlisting> - </example> - </refsect1> - - <refsect1> - <title>See Also</title> - <para> - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, - <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, - <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, - <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> - </para> - </refsect1> +hidden /mnt/tc_hidden /dev/null tcrypt-hidden,tcrypt-keyfile=/etc/keyfile</programlisting> + </example> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>See Also</title> + <para> + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + </para> + </refsect1> </refentry> |