/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */ #include "sd-id128.h" #include "chase.h" #include "dirent-util.h" #include "fd-util.h" #include "fs-util.h" #include "initrd-util.h" #include "macro.h" #include "path-lookup.h" #include "set.h" #include "special.h" #include "stat-util.h" #include "string-util.h" #include "strv.h" #include "unit-file.h" bool unit_type_may_alias(UnitType type) { return IN_SET(type, UNIT_SERVICE, UNIT_SOCKET, UNIT_TARGET, UNIT_DEVICE, UNIT_TIMER, UNIT_PATH); } bool unit_type_may_template(UnitType type) { return IN_SET(type, UNIT_SERVICE, UNIT_SOCKET, UNIT_TARGET, UNIT_TIMER, UNIT_PATH); } int unit_symlink_name_compatible(const char *symlink, const char *target, bool instance_propagation) { _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL; int r, un_type1, un_type2; un_type1 = unit_name_classify(symlink); /* The straightforward case: the symlink name matches the target and we have a valid unit */ if (streq(symlink, target) && (un_type1 & (UNIT_NAME_PLAIN | UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))) return 1; r = unit_name_template(symlink, &template); if (r == -EINVAL) return 0; /* Not a template */ if (r < 0) return r; un_type2 = unit_name_classify(target); /* An instance name points to a target that is just the template name */ if (un_type1 == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE && un_type2 == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE && streq(template, target)) return 1; /* foo@.target.requires/bar@.service: instance will be propagated */ if (instance_propagation && un_type1 == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE && un_type2 == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE && streq(template, target)) return 1; return 0; } int unit_validate_alias_symlink_or_warn(int log_level, const char *filename, const char *target) { const char *src, *dst; _cleanup_free_ char *src_instance = NULL, *dst_instance = NULL; UnitType src_unit_type, dst_unit_type; UnitNameFlags src_name_type, dst_name_type; /* Check if the *alias* symlink is valid. This applies to symlinks like * /etc/systemd/system/dbus.service → dbus-broker.service, but not to .wants or .requires symlinks * and such. Neither does this apply to symlinks which *link* units, i.e. symlinks to outside of the * unit lookup path. * * -EINVAL is returned if the something is wrong with the source filename or the source unit type is * not allowed to symlink, * -EXDEV if the target filename is not a valid unit name or doesn't match the source, * -ELOOP for an alias to self. */ src = basename(filename); dst = basename(target); /* src checks */ src_name_type = unit_name_to_instance(src, &src_instance); if (src_name_type < 0) return log_full_errno(log_level, src_name_type, "%s: not a valid unit name \"%s\": %m", filename, src); src_unit_type = unit_name_to_type(src); assert(src_unit_type >= 0); /* unit_name_to_instance() checked the suffix already */ if (!unit_type_may_alias(src_unit_type)) return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "%s: symlinks are not allowed for units of this type, rejecting.", filename); if (src_name_type != UNIT_NAME_PLAIN && !unit_type_may_template(src_unit_type)) return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "%s: templates not allowed for %s units, rejecting.", filename, unit_type_to_string(src_unit_type)); /* dst checks */ if (streq(src, dst)) return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ELOOP), "%s: unit self-alias: %s → %s, ignoring.", filename, src, dst); dst_name_type = unit_name_to_instance(dst, &dst_instance); if (dst_name_type < 0) return log_full_errno(log_level, dst_name_type == -EINVAL ? SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV) : dst_name_type, "%s points to \"%s\" which is not a valid unit name: %m", filename, dst); if (!(dst_name_type == src_name_type || (src_name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE && dst_name_type == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE))) return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV), "%s: symlink target name type \"%s\" does not match source, rejecting.", filename, dst); if (dst_name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) { assert(src_instance); assert(dst_instance); if (!streq(src_instance, dst_instance)) return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV), "%s: unit symlink target \"%s\" instance name doesn't match, rejecting.", filename, dst); } dst_unit_type = unit_name_to_type(dst); if (dst_unit_type != src_unit_type) return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV), "%s: symlink target \"%s\" has incompatible suffix, rejecting.", filename, dst); return 0; } #define FOLLOW_MAX 8 static int unit_ids_map_get( Hashmap *unit_ids_map, const char *unit_name, const char **ret_fragment_path) { /* Resolve recursively until we hit an absolute path, i.e. a non-aliased unit. * * We distinguish the case where unit_name was not found in the hashmap at all, and the case where * some symlink was broken. * * If a symlink target points to an instance name, then we also check for the template. */ const char *id = NULL; int r; for (unsigned n = 0; n < FOLLOW_MAX; n++) { const char *t = hashmap_get(unit_ids_map, id ?: unit_name); if (!t) { _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL; if (!id) return -ENOENT; r = unit_name_template(id, &template); if (r == -EINVAL) return -ENXIO; /* we failed to find the symlink target */ if (r < 0) return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine template name for %s: %m", id); t = hashmap_get(unit_ids_map, template); if (!t) return -ENXIO; /* We successfully switched from instanced name to a template, let's continue */ } if (path_is_absolute(t)) { if (ret_fragment_path) *ret_fragment_path = t; return 0; } id = t; } return -ELOOP; } static bool lookup_paths_mtime_exclude(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) { /* Paths that are under our exclusive control. Users shall not alter those directly. */ return streq_ptr(path, lp->generator) || streq_ptr(path, lp->generator_early) || streq_ptr(path, lp->generator_late) || streq_ptr(path, lp->transient) || streq_ptr(path, lp->persistent_control) || streq_ptr(path, lp->runtime_control); } #define HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(4e,86,1b,e3,39,b3,40,46,98,5d,b8,11,34,8f,c3,c1) bool lookup_paths_timestamp_hash_same(const LookupPaths *lp, uint64_t timestamp_hash, uint64_t *ret_new) { struct siphash state; siphash24_init(&state, HASH_KEY.bytes); STRV_FOREACH(dir, lp->search_path) { struct stat st; if (lookup_paths_mtime_exclude(lp, *dir)) continue; /* Determine the latest lookup path modification time */ if (stat(*dir, &st) < 0) { if (errno == ENOENT) continue; log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat %s, ignoring: %m", *dir); continue; } siphash24_compress_usec_t(timespec_load(&st.st_mtim), &state); } uint64_t updated = siphash24_finalize(&state); if (ret_new) *ret_new = updated; if (updated != timestamp_hash) log_debug("Modification times have changed, need to update cache."); return updated == timestamp_hash; } static int directory_name_is_valid(const char *name) { /* Accept a directory whose name is a valid unit file name ending in .wants/, .requires/ or .d/ */ FOREACH_STRING(suffix, ".wants", ".requires", ".d") { _cleanup_free_ char *chopped = NULL; const char *e; e = endswith(name, suffix); if (!e) continue; chopped = strndup(name, e - name); if (!chopped) return log_oom(); if (unit_name_is_valid(chopped, UNIT_NAME_ANY) || unit_type_from_string(chopped) >= 0) return true; } return false; } int unit_file_resolve_symlink( const char *root_dir, char **search_path, const char *dir, int dirfd, const char *filename, bool resolve_destination_target, char **ret_destination) { _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL, *simplified = NULL, *dst = NULL, *_dir = NULL, *_filename = NULL; int r; /* This can be called with either dir+dirfd valid and filename just a name, * or !dir && dirfd==AT_FDCWD, and filename being a full path. * * If resolve_destination_target is true, an absolute path will be returned. * If not, an absolute path is returned for linked unit files, and a relative * path otherwise. * * Returns an error, false if this is an alias, true if it's a linked unit file. */ assert(filename); assert(ret_destination); assert(dir || path_is_absolute(filename)); assert(dirfd >= 0 || dirfd == AT_FDCWD); r = readlinkat_malloc(dirfd, filename, &target); if (r < 0) return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read symlink %s%s%s: %m", dir, dir ? "/" : "", filename); if (!dir) { r = path_extract_directory(filename, &_dir); if (r < 0) return r; dir = _dir; r = path_extract_filename(filename, &_filename); if (r < 0) return r; if (r == O_DIRECTORY) return log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EISDIR), "Unexpected path to a directory \"%s\", refusing.", filename); filename = _filename; } bool is_abs = path_is_absolute(target); if (root_dir || !is_abs) { char *target_abs = path_join(is_abs ? root_dir : dir, target); if (!target_abs) return log_oom(); free_and_replace(target, target_abs); } /* Get rid of "." and ".." components in target path */ r = chase(target, root_dir, CHASE_NOFOLLOW | CHASE_NONEXISTENT, &simplified, NULL); if (r < 0) return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to resolve symlink %s/%s pointing to %s: %m", dir, filename, target); assert(path_is_absolute(simplified)); /* Check if the symlink remain inside of our search path. * If yes, it is an alias. Verify that it is valid. * * If no, then this is a linked unit file or mask, and we don't care about the target name * when loading units, and we return the link *source* (resolve_destination_target == false); * When this is called for installation purposes, we want the final destination, * so we return the *target*. */ const char *tail = path_startswith_strv(simplified, search_path); if (tail) { /* An alias */ _cleanup_free_ char *target_name = NULL; r = path_extract_filename(simplified, &target_name); if (r < 0) return r; r = unit_validate_alias_symlink_or_warn(LOG_NOTICE, filename, simplified); if (r < 0) return r; if (is_path(tail)) log_warning("Suspicious symlink %s/%s %s %s, treating as alias.", dir, filename, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), simplified); dst = resolve_destination_target ? TAKE_PTR(simplified) : TAKE_PTR(target_name); } else { log_debug("Linked unit file: %s/%s %s %s", dir, filename, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), simplified); if (resolve_destination_target) dst = TAKE_PTR(simplified); else { dst = path_join(dir, filename); if (!dst) return log_oom(); } } *ret_destination = TAKE_PTR(dst); return !tail; /* true if linked unit file */ } int unit_file_build_name_map( const LookupPaths *lp, uint64_t *cache_timestamp_hash, Hashmap **unit_ids_map, Hashmap **unit_names_map, Set **path_cache) { /* Build two mappings: any name → main unit (i.e. the end result of symlink resolution), unit name → * all aliases (i.e. the entry for a given key is a list of all names which point to this key). The * key is included in the value iff we saw a file or symlink with that name. In other words, if we * have a key, but it is not present in the value for itself, there was an alias pointing to it, but * the unit itself is not loadable. * * At the same, build a cache of paths where to find units. The non-const parameters are for input * and output. Existing contents will be freed before the new contents are stored. */ _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *ids = NULL, *names = NULL; _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *paths = NULL; _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_search_path = NULL; uint64_t timestamp_hash; int r; /* Before doing anything, check if the timestamp hash that was passed is still valid. * If yes, do nothing. */ if (cache_timestamp_hash && lookup_paths_timestamp_hash_same(lp, *cache_timestamp_hash, ×tamp_hash)) return 0; /* The timestamp hash is now set based on the mtimes from before when we start reading files. * If anything is modified concurrently, we'll consider the cache outdated. */ if (path_cache) { paths = set_new(&path_hash_ops_free); if (!paths) return log_oom(); } /* Go over all our search paths, chase their symlinks and store the result in the * expanded_search_path list. * * This is important for cases where any of the unit directories itself are symlinks into other * directories and would therefore cause all of the unit files to be recognized as linked units. * * This is important for distributions such as NixOS where most paths in /etc/ are symlinks to some * other location on the filesystem (e.g. into /nix/store/). * * Search paths are ordered by priority (highest first), and we need to maintain this order. * If a resolved path is already in the list, we don't need to include. * * Note that we build a list that contains both the original paths and the resolved symlinks: * we need the latter for the case where the directory is symlinked, as described above, and * the former for the case where some unit file alias is a dangling symlink that points to one * of the "original" directories (and can't be followed). */ STRV_FOREACH(dir, lp->search_path) { _cleanup_free_ char *resolved_dir = NULL; r = strv_extend(&expanded_search_path, *dir); if (r < 0) return log_oom(); r = chase(*dir, NULL, 0, &resolved_dir, NULL); if (r < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to resolve symlink %s, ignoring: %m", *dir); continue; } if (strv_contains(expanded_search_path, resolved_dir)) continue; if (strv_consume(&expanded_search_path, TAKE_PTR(resolved_dir)) < 0) return log_oom(); } STRV_FOREACH(dir, lp->search_path) { _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL; d = opendir(*dir); if (!d) { if (errno != ENOENT) log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\", ignoring: %m", *dir); continue; } FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to read \"%s\", ignoring: %m", *dir)) { _unused_ _cleanup_free_ char *_filename_free = NULL; char *filename; _cleanup_free_ char *dst = NULL; bool symlink_to_dir = false; /* We only care about valid units and dirs with certain suffixes, let's ignore the * rest. */ if (de->d_type == DT_REG) { /* Accept a regular file whose name is a valid unit file name. */ if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY)) continue; } else if (de->d_type == DT_DIR) { if (!paths) /* Skip directories early unless path_cache is requested */ continue; r = directory_name_is_valid(de->d_name); if (r < 0) return r; if (r == 0) continue; } else if (de->d_type == DT_LNK) { /* Accept a symlink file whose name is a valid unit file name or * ending in .wants/, .requires/ or .d/. */ if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY)) { _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL; if (!paths) /* Skip symlink to a directory early unless path_cache is requested */ continue; r = directory_name_is_valid(de->d_name); if (r < 0) return r; if (r == 0) continue; r = readlinkat_malloc(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &target); if (r < 0) { log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read symlink %s/%s, ignoring: %m", *dir, de->d_name); continue; } r = is_dir(target, /* follow = */ true); if (r <= 0) continue; symlink_to_dir = true; } } else continue; filename = path_join(*dir, de->d_name); if (!filename) return log_oom(); if (paths) { r = set_put(paths, filename); if (r < 0) return log_oom(); if (r == 0) _filename_free = filename; /* Make sure we free the filename. */ } else _filename_free = filename; /* Make sure we free the filename. */ if (de->d_type == DT_DIR || (de->d_type == DT_LNK && symlink_to_dir)) continue; assert(IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_REG, DT_LNK)); /* search_path is ordered by priority (highest first). If the name is already mapped * to something (incl. itself), it means that we have already seen it, and we should * ignore it here. */ if (hashmap_contains(ids, de->d_name)) continue; if (de->d_type == DT_LNK) { /* We don't explicitly check for alias loops here. unit_ids_map_get() which * limits the number of hops should be used to access the map. */ r = unit_file_resolve_symlink(lp->root_dir, expanded_search_path, *dir, dirfd(d), de->d_name, /* resolve_destination_target= */ false, &dst); if (r == -ENOMEM) return r; if (r < 0) /* we ignore other errors here */ continue; } else { dst = TAKE_PTR(_filename_free); /* Grab the copy we made previously, if available. */ if (!dst) { dst = strdup(filename); if (!dst) return log_oom(); } log_debug("%s: normal unit file: %s", __func__, dst); } _cleanup_free_ char *key = strdup(de->d_name); if (!key) return log_oom(); r = hashmap_ensure_put(&ids, &string_hash_ops_free_free, key, dst); if (r < 0) return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to add entry to hashmap (%s%s%s): %m", de->d_name, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), dst); key = dst = NULL; } } /* Let's also put the names in the reverse db. */ const char *dummy, *src; HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(dummy, src, ids) { _cleanup_free_ char *inst = NULL, *dst_inst = NULL; const char *dst; r = unit_ids_map_get(ids, src, &dst); if (r < 0) continue; if (null_or_empty_path(dst) != 0) continue; dst = basename(dst); /* If we have an symlink from an instance name to a template name, it is an alias just for * this specific instance, foo@id.service ↔ template@id.service. */ if (unit_name_is_valid(dst, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) { UnitNameFlags t = unit_name_to_instance(src, &inst); if (t < 0) return log_error_errno(t, "Failed to extract instance part from %s: %m", src); if (t == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) { r = unit_name_replace_instance(dst, inst, &dst_inst); if (r < 0) { /* This might happen e.g. if the combined length is too large. * Let's not make too much of a fuss. */ log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to build alias name (%s + %s), ignoring: %m", dst, inst); continue; } dst = dst_inst; } } r = string_strv_hashmap_put(&names, dst, src); if (r < 0) return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to add entry to hashmap (%s%s%s): %m", dst, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), src); } if (cache_timestamp_hash) *cache_timestamp_hash = timestamp_hash; hashmap_free_and_replace(*unit_ids_map, ids); hashmap_free_and_replace(*unit_names_map, names); if (path_cache) set_free_and_replace(*path_cache, paths); return 1; } static int add_name( const char *unit_name, Set **names, const char *name) { int r; assert(names); assert(name); r = set_put_strdup(names, name); if (r < 0) return r; if (r > 0 && !streq(unit_name, name)) log_debug("Unit %s has alias %s.", unit_name, name); return r; } static int add_names( Hashmap *unit_ids_map, Hashmap *unit_name_map, const char *unit_name, const char *fragment_basename, /* Only set when adding additional names based on fragment path */ UnitNameFlags name_type, const char *instance, Set **names, const char *name) { char **aliases; int r; assert(name_type == UNIT_NAME_PLAIN || instance); /* The unit has its own name if it's not a template. If we're looking at a fragment, the fragment * name (possibly with instance inserted), is also always one of the unit names. */ if (name_type != UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE) { r = add_name(unit_name, names, name); if (r < 0) return r; } /* Add any aliases of the name to the set of names. * * We don't even need to know which fragment we will use. The unit_name_map should return the same * set of names for any of the aliases. */ aliases = hashmap_get(unit_name_map, name); STRV_FOREACH(alias, aliases) { if (name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE && unit_name_is_valid(*alias, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) { _cleanup_free_ char *inst = NULL; const char *inst_fragment = NULL; r = unit_name_replace_instance(*alias, instance, &inst); if (r < 0) return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot build instance name %s + %s: %m", *alias, instance); /* Exclude any aliases that point in some other direction. * * See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/13119#discussion_r308145418. */ r = unit_ids_map_get(unit_ids_map, inst, &inst_fragment); if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENXIO)) return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot find instance fragment %s: %m", inst); if (inst_fragment && fragment_basename && !streq(basename(inst_fragment), fragment_basename)) { log_debug("Instance %s has fragment %s and is not an alias of %s.", inst, inst_fragment, unit_name); continue; } r = add_name(unit_name, names, inst); } else r = add_name(unit_name, names, *alias); if (r < 0) return r; } return 0; } int unit_file_find_fragment( Hashmap *unit_ids_map, Hashmap *unit_name_map, const char *unit_name, const char **ret_fragment_path, Set **ret_names) { const char *fragment = NULL; _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL, *instance = NULL; _cleanup_set_free_ Set *names = NULL; int r; /* Finds a fragment path, and returns the set of names: * if we have …/foo.service and …/foo-alias.service→foo.service, * and …/foo@.service and …/foo-alias@.service→foo@.service, * and …/foo@inst.service, * this should return: * foo.service → …/foo.service, {foo.service, foo-alias.service}, * foo-alias.service → …/foo.service, {foo.service, foo-alias.service}, * foo@.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@.service, foo-alias@.service}, * foo-alias@.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@.service, foo-alias@.service}, * foo@bar.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@bar.service, foo-alias@bar.service}, * foo-alias@bar.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@bar.service, foo-alias@bar.service}, * foo-alias@inst.service → …/foo@inst.service, {foo@inst.service, foo-alias@inst.service}. */ UnitNameFlags name_type = unit_name_to_instance(unit_name, &instance); if (name_type < 0) return name_type; if (ret_names) { r = add_names(unit_ids_map, unit_name_map, unit_name, NULL, name_type, instance, &names, unit_name); if (r < 0) return r; } /* First try to load fragment under the original name */ r = unit_ids_map_get(unit_ids_map, unit_name, &fragment); if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENXIO)) return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot load unit %s: %m", unit_name); if (!fragment && name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) { /* Look for a fragment under the template name */ r = unit_name_template(unit_name, &template); if (r < 0) return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine template name: %m"); r = unit_ids_map_get(unit_ids_map, template, &fragment); if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENXIO)) return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot load template %s: %m", template); } if (fragment && ret_names) { const char *fragment_basename = basename(fragment); if (!streq(fragment_basename, unit_name)) { /* Add names based on the fragment name to the set of names */ r = add_names(unit_ids_map, unit_name_map, unit_name, fragment_basename, name_type, instance, &names, fragment_basename); if (r < 0) return r; } } *ret_fragment_path = fragment; if (ret_names) *ret_names = TAKE_PTR(names); return 0; } static const char * const rlmap[] = { "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET, "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET, "rescue", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "2", SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, "3", SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, "4", SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, "5", SPECIAL_GRAPHICAL_TARGET, NULL }; static const char * const rlmap_initrd[] = { "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET, "rescue", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL }; const char* runlevel_to_target(const char *word) { const char * const *rlmap_ptr; if (!word) return NULL; if (in_initrd()) { word = startswith(word, "rd."); if (!word) return NULL; } rlmap_ptr = in_initrd() ? rlmap_initrd : rlmap; for (size_t i = 0; rlmap_ptr[i]; i += 2) if (streq(word, rlmap_ptr[i])) return rlmap_ptr[i+1]; return NULL; }