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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!--
SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
This file is part of systemd.
Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
-->
<refentry id="nss-myhostname" conditional='ENABLE_MYHOSTNAME'>
<refentryinfo>
<title>nss-myhostname</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<contrib>Developer</contrib>
<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
<surname>Poettering</surname>
<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>nss-myhostname</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>nss-myhostname</refname>
<refname>libnss_myhostname.so.2</refname>
<refpurpose>Provide hostname resolution for the locally
configured system hostname.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<para><filename>libnss_myhostname.so.2</filename></para>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><command>nss-myhostname</command> is a plug-in module for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality of
the GNU C Library (<command>glibc</command>), primarily providing hostname resolution for the locally configured
system hostname as returned by
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The precise
hostnames resolved by this module are:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>The local, configured hostname is resolved to
all locally configured IP addresses ordered by their scope, or
— if none are configured — the IPv4 address 127.0.0.2 (which
is on the local loopback) and the IPv6 address ::1 (which is the
local host).</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The hostnames <literal>localhost</literal> and
<literal>localhost.localdomain</literal> (as well as any hostname
ending in <literal>.localhost</literal> or <literal>.localhost.localdomain</literal>)
are resolved to the IP addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The hostname <literal>_gateway</literal> is
resolved to all current default routing gateway addresses,
ordered by their metric. This assigns a stable hostname to the
current gateway, useful for referencing it independently of the
current network configuration state.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Various software relies on an always-resolvable local
hostname. When using dynamic hostnames, this is traditionally
achieved by patching <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> at the same
time as changing the hostname. This is problematic since it
requires a writable <filename>/etc</filename> file system and is
fragile because the file might be edited by the administrator at
the same time. With <command>nss-myhostname</command> enabled,
changing <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is unnecessary, and on
many systems, the file becomes entirely optional.</para>
<para>To activate the NSS modules, add <literal>myhostname</literal> to the line starting with
<literal>hosts:</literal> in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>It is recommended to place <literal>myhostname</literal> last in the <filename>nsswitch.conf</filename>'
<literal>hosts:</literal> line to make sure that this mapping is only used as fallback, and that any DNS or
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> based mapping takes precedence.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Example</title>
<para>Here is an example <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file that enables
<command>nss-myhostname</command> correctly:</para>
<programlisting>passwd: compat mymachines systemd
group: compat mymachines systemd
shadow: compat
hosts: files mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] dns <command>myhostname</command>
networks: files
protocols: db files
services: db files
ethers: db files
rpc: db files
netgroup: nis</programlisting>
<para>To test, use <command>glibc</command>'s <command>getent</command> tool:</para>
<programlisting>$ getent ahosts `hostname`
::1 STREAM omega
::1 DGRAM
::1 RAW
127.0.0.2 STREAM
127.0.0.2 DGRAM
127.0.0.2 RAW</programlisting>
<para>In this case, the local hostname is <varname>omega</varname>.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-resolve</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-mymachines</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>nsswitch.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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