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-------------------
UBI usage in U-Boot
-------------------
UBI support in U-Boot is broken down into five separate commands.
The first is the ubi command, which has six subcommands:
=> help ubi
ubi - ubi commands
Usage:
ubi part [part] [offset]
- Show or set current partition (with optional VID header offset)
ubi info [l[ayout]] - Display volume and ubi layout information
ubi create[vol] volume [size] [type] - create volume name with size
ubi write[vol] address volume size - Write volume from address with size
ubi write.part address volume size [fullsize]
- Write part of a volume from address
ubi read[vol] address volume [size] - Read volume to address with size
ubi remove[vol] volume - Remove volume
[Legends]
volume: character name
size: specified in bytes
type: s[tatic] or d[ynamic] (default=dynamic)
The first command that is needed to be issues is "ubi part" to connect
one mtd partition to the UBI subsystem. This command will either create
a new UBI device on the requested MTD partition. Or it will attach a
previously created UBI device. The other UBI commands will only work
when such a UBI device is attached (via "ubi part"). Here an example:
=> mtdparts
device nor0 <1fc000000.nor_flash>, # parts = 6
#: name size offset mask_flags
0: kernel 0x00200000 0x00000000 0
1: dtb 0x00040000 0x00200000 0
2: root 0x00200000 0x00240000 0
3: user 0x01ac0000 0x00440000 0
4: env 0x00080000 0x01f00000 0
5: u-boot 0x00080000 0x01f80000 0
active partition: nor0,0 - (kernel) 0x00200000 @ 0x00000000
defaults:
mtdids : nor0=1fc000000.nor_flash
mtdparts: mtdparts=1fc000000.nor_flash:2m(kernel),256k(dtb),2m(root),27392k(user),512k(env),512k(u-boot)
=> ubi part root
Creating 1 MTD partitions on "nor0":
0x000000240000-0x000000440000 : "mtd=2"
UBI: attaching mtd1 to ubi0
UBI: physical eraseblock size: 262144 bytes (256 KiB)
UBI: logical eraseblock size: 262016 bytes
UBI: smallest flash I/O unit: 1
UBI: VID header offset: 64 (aligned 64)
UBI: data offset: 128
UBI: attached mtd1 to ubi0
UBI: MTD device name: "mtd=2"
UBI: MTD device size: 2 MiB
UBI: number of good PEBs: 8
UBI: number of bad PEBs: 0
UBI: max. allowed volumes: 128
UBI: wear-leveling threshold: 4096
UBI: number of internal volumes: 1
UBI: number of user volumes: 1
UBI: available PEBs: 0
UBI: total number of reserved PEBs: 8
UBI: number of PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 0
UBI: max/mean erase counter: 2/1
Now that the UBI device is attached, this device can be modified
using the following commands:
ubi info Display volume and ubi layout information
ubi createvol Create UBI volume on UBI device
ubi removevol Remove UBI volume from UBI device
ubi read Read data from UBI volume to memory
ubi write Write data from memory to UBI volume
ubi write.part Write data from memory to UBI volume, in parts
Here a few examples on the usage:
=> ubi create testvol
Creating dynamic volume testvol of size 1048064
=> ubi info l
UBI: volume information dump:
UBI: vol_id 0
UBI: reserved_pebs 4
UBI: alignment 1
UBI: data_pad 0
UBI: vol_type 3
UBI: name_len 7
UBI: usable_leb_size 262016
UBI: used_ebs 4
UBI: used_bytes 1048064
UBI: last_eb_bytes 262016
UBI: corrupted 0
UBI: upd_marker 0
UBI: name testvol
UBI: volume information dump:
UBI: vol_id 2147479551
UBI: reserved_pebs 2
UBI: alignment 1
UBI: data_pad 0
UBI: vol_type 3
UBI: name_len 13
UBI: usable_leb_size 262016
UBI: used_ebs 2
UBI: used_bytes 524032
UBI: last_eb_bytes 2
UBI: corrupted 0
UBI: upd_marker 0
UBI: name layout volume
=> ubi info
UBI: MTD device name: "mtd=2"
UBI: MTD device size: 2 MiB
UBI: physical eraseblock size: 262144 bytes (256 KiB)
UBI: logical eraseblock size: 262016 bytes
UBI: number of good PEBs: 8
UBI: number of bad PEBs: 0
UBI: smallest flash I/O unit: 1
UBI: VID header offset: 64 (aligned 64)
UBI: data offset: 128
UBI: max. allowed volumes: 128
UBI: wear-leveling threshold: 4096
UBI: number of internal volumes: 1
UBI: number of user volumes: 1
UBI: available PEBs: 0
UBI: total number of reserved PEBs: 8
UBI: number of PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 0
UBI: max/mean erase counter: 4/1
=> ubi write 800000 testvol 80000
Volume "testvol" found at volume id 0
=> ubi read 900000 testvol 80000
Volume testvol found at volume id 0
read 524288 bytes from volume 0 to 900000(buf address)
=> cmp.b 800000 900000 80000
Total of 524288 bytes were the same
Next, the ubifsmount command allows you to access filesystems on the
UBI partition which has been attached with the ubi part command:
=> help ubifsmount
ubifsmount - mount UBIFS volume
Usage:
ubifsmount <volume-name>
- mount 'volume-name' volume
For example:
=> ubifsmount ubi0:recovery
UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "recovery"
UBIFS: mounted read-only
UBIFS: file system size: 46473216 bytes (45384 KiB, 44 MiB, 366 LEBs)
UBIFS: journal size: 6348800 bytes (6200 KiB, 6 MiB, 50 LEBs)
UBIFS: media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0)
UBIFS: default compressor: LZO
UBIFS: reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)
Note that unlike Linux, U-Boot can only have one active UBI partition
at a time, which can be referred to as ubi0, and must be supplied along
with the name of the filesystem you are mounting.
Once a UBI filesystem has been mounted, the ubifsls command allows you
to list the contents of a directory in the filesystem:
=> help ubifsls
ubifsls - list files in a directory
Usage:
ubifsls [directory]
- list files in a 'directory' (default '/')
For example:
=> ubifsls
17442 Thu Jan 01 02:57:38 1970 imx28-evk.dtb
2998146 Thu Jan 01 02:57:43 1970 zImage
And the ubifsload command allows you to load a file from a UBI
filesystem:
=> help ubifsload
ubifsload - load file from an UBIFS filesystem
Usage:
ubifsload <addr> <filename> [bytes]
- load file 'filename' to address 'addr'
For example:
=> ubifsload ${loadaddr} zImage
Loading file 'zImage' to addr 0x42000000 with size 2998146 (0x002dbf82)...
Done
Finally, you can unmount the UBI filesystem with the ubifsumount
command:
=> help ubifsumount
ubifsumount - unmount UBIFS volume
Usage:
ubifsumount - unmount current volume
For example:
=> ubifsumount
Unmounting UBIFS volume recovery!
Usage of the UBI CRC skip-check flag of static volumes:
-------------------------------------------------------
Some users of static UBI volumes implement their own integrity check,
thus making the volume CRC check done at open time useless. For
instance, this is the case when one use the ubiblock + dm-verity +
squashfs combination, where dm-verity already checks integrity of the
block device but this time at the block granularity instead of verifying
the whole volume.
Skipping this test drastically improves the boot-time.
U-Boot now supports the "skip_check" flag to optionally skip the CRC
check at open time.
Usage: Case A - Upon UBI volume creation:
You can optionally add "--skipcheck" to the "ubi create" command:
ubi create[vol] volume [size] [type] [id] [--skipcheck]
- create volume name with size ('-' for maximum available size)
Usage: Case B - With an already existing UBI volume:
Use the "ubi skipcheck" command:
ubi skipcheck volume on/off - Set or clear skip_check flag in volume header
Example:
=> ubi skipcheck rootfs0 on
Setting skip_check on volume rootfs0
BTW: This saves approx. 10 seconds Linux bootup time on a MT7688 based
target with 128MiB of SPI NAND.
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