From 030dabe17221db7b760c3cea40740a506369f97d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: manchandavishal <manchandavishal143@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 8 May 2021 00:17:46 +0530
Subject: Update XStatic-Angular to 1.8.2

Related-Bug: #1927261

Change-Id: I8238e020df05825f6731499d027c0fd12cc2c00d
---
 xstatic/pkg/angular/__init__.py                    |     4 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-animate.js        |   650 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-aria.js           |   131 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-cookies.js        |   117 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-loader.js         |   136 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-message-format.js |   156 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-messages.js       |   226 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-mocks.js          |  1130 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-parse-ext.js      |    24 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-resource.js       |   586 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-route.js          |   416 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-sanitize.js       |   347 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-scenario.js       | 46035 ++++++++-----------
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-touch.js          |   459 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular.js                | 36082 ++++++---------
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/errors.json               |     2 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.json              |     2 +-
 xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.txt               |     2 +-
 18 files changed, 34775 insertions(+), 51730 deletions(-)

diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/__init__.py b/xstatic/pkg/angular/__init__.py
index 8fb08de..612dfdf 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/__init__.py
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/__init__.py
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ NAME = __name__.split('.')[-1] # package name (e.g. 'foo' or 'foo_bar')
                                # please use a all-lowercase valid python
                                # package name
 
-VERSION = '1.5.8' # version of the packaged files, please use the upstream
+VERSION = '1.8.2' # version of the packaged files, please use the upstream
                   # version number
-BUILD = '0' # our package build number, so we can release new builds
+BUILD = '1' # our package build number, so we can release new builds
              # with fixes for xstatic stuff.
 PACKAGE_VERSION = VERSION + '.' + BUILD # version used for PyPi
 
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-animate.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-animate.js
index b18b828..7bae3b2 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-animate.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-animate.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ var CSS_PREFIX = '', TRANSITION_PROP, TRANSITIONEND_EVENT, ANIMATION_PROP, ANIMA
 // Also, the only modern browser that uses vendor prefixes for transitions/keyframes is webkit
 // therefore there is no reason to test anymore for other vendor prefixes:
 // http://caniuse.com/#search=transition
-if ((window.ontransitionend === void 0) && (window.onwebkittransitionend !== void 0)) {
+if ((window.ontransitionend === undefined) && (window.onwebkittransitionend !== undefined)) {
   CSS_PREFIX = '-webkit-';
   TRANSITION_PROP = 'WebkitTransition';
   TRANSITIONEND_EVENT = 'webkitTransitionEnd transitionend';
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ if ((window.ontransitionend === void 0) && (window.onwebkittransitionend !== voi
   TRANSITIONEND_EVENT = 'transitionend';
 }
 
-if ((window.onanimationend === void 0) && (window.onwebkitanimationend !== void 0)) {
+if ((window.onanimationend === undefined) && (window.onwebkitanimationend !== undefined)) {
   CSS_PREFIX = '-webkit-';
   ANIMATION_PROP = 'WebkitAnimation';
   ANIMATIONEND_EVENT = 'webkitAnimationEnd animationend';
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ var TRANSITION_DURATION_PROP = TRANSITION_PROP + DURATION_KEY;
 var ngMinErr = angular.$$minErr('ng');
 function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
   if (!arg) {
-    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
+    throw ngMinErr('areq', 'Argument \'{0}\' is {1}', (name || '?'), (reason || 'required'));
   }
   return arg;
 }
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ function extractElementNode(element) {
   if (!element[0]) return element;
   for (var i = 0; i < element.length; i++) {
     var elm = element[i];
-    if (elm.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE) {
+    if (elm.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
       return elm;
     }
   }
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ function getDomNode(element) {
   return (element instanceof jqLite) ? element[0] : element;
 }
 
-function applyGeneratedPreparationClasses(element, event, options) {
+function applyGeneratedPreparationClasses($$jqLite, element, event, options) {
   var classes = '';
   if (event) {
     classes = pendClasses(event, EVENT_CLASS_PREFIX, true);
@@ -334,15 +334,6 @@ function clearGeneratedClasses(element, options) {
   }
 }
 
-function blockTransitions(node, duration) {
-  // we use a negative delay value since it performs blocking
-  // yet it doesn't kill any existing transitions running on the
-  // same element which makes this safe for class-based animations
-  var value = duration ? '-' + duration + 's' : '';
-  applyInlineStyle(node, [TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP, value]);
-  return [TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP, value];
-}
-
 function blockKeyframeAnimations(node, applyBlock) {
   var value = applyBlock ? 'paused' : '';
   var key = ANIMATION_PROP + ANIMATION_PLAYSTATE_KEY;
@@ -423,8 +414,8 @@ var $$rAFSchedulerFactory = ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
  * of the children's parents are currently animating. By default, when an element has an active `enter`, `leave`, or `move`
  * (structural) animation, child elements that also have an active structural animation are not animated.
  *
- * Note that even if `ngAnimteChildren` is set, no child animations will run when the parent element is removed from the DOM (`leave` animation).
- *
+ * Note that even if `ngAnimateChildren` is set, no child animations will run when the parent element is removed
+ * from the DOM (`leave` animation).
  *
  * @param {string} ngAnimateChildren If the value is empty, `true` or `on`,
  *     then child animations are allowed. If the value is `false`, child animations are not allowed.
@@ -432,7 +423,7 @@ var $$rAFSchedulerFactory = ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
  * @example
  * <example module="ngAnimateChildren" name="ngAnimateChildren" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
      <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="mainController as main">
+       <div ng-controller="MainController as main">
          <label>Show container? <input type="checkbox" ng-model="main.enterElement" /></label>
          <label>Animate children? <input type="checkbox" ng-model="main.animateChildren" /></label>
          <hr>
@@ -482,7 +473,7 @@ var $$rAFSchedulerFactory = ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('ngAnimateChildren', ['ngAnimate'])
-        .controller('mainController', function() {
+        .controller('MainController', function MainController() {
           this.animateChildren = false;
           this.enterElement = false;
         });
@@ -526,11 +517,11 @@ var ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY = '$$animateCss';
  * Note that only browsers that support CSS transitions and/or keyframe animations are capable of
  * rendering animations triggered via `$animateCss` (bad news for IE9 and lower).
  *
- * ## Usage
+ * ## General Use
  * Once again, `$animateCss` is designed to be used inside of a registered JavaScript animation that
  * is powered by ngAnimate. It is possible to use `$animateCss` directly inside of a directive, however,
  * any automatic control over cancelling animations and/or preventing animations from being run on
- * child elements will not be handled by Angular. For this to work as expected, please use `$animate` to
+ * child elements will not be handled by AngularJS. For this to work as expected, please use `$animate` to
  * trigger the animation and then setup a JavaScript animation that injects `$animateCss` to trigger
  * the CSS animation.
  *
@@ -727,7 +718,6 @@ var ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY = '$$animateCss';
  * * `end` - This method will cancel the animation and remove all applied CSS classes and styles.
  */
 var ONE_SECOND = 1000;
-var BASE_TEN = 10;
 
 var ELAPSED_TIME_MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES = 3;
 var CLOSING_TIME_BUFFER = 1.5;
@@ -789,7 +779,7 @@ function parseMaxTime(str) {
   forEach(values, function(value) {
     // it's always safe to consider only second values and omit `ms` values since
     // getComputedStyle will always handle the conversion for us
-    if (value.charAt(value.length - 1) == 's') {
+    if (value.charAt(value.length - 1) === 's') {
       value = value.substring(0, value.length - 1);
     }
     value = parseFloat(value) || 0;
@@ -813,33 +803,6 @@ function getCssTransitionDurationStyle(duration, applyOnlyDuration) {
   return [style, value];
 }
 
-function createLocalCacheLookup() {
-  var cache = Object.create(null);
-  return {
-    flush: function() {
-      cache = Object.create(null);
-    },
-
-    count: function(key) {
-      var entry = cache[key];
-      return entry ? entry.total : 0;
-    },
-
-    get: function(key) {
-      var entry = cache[key];
-      return entry && entry.value;
-    },
-
-    put: function(key, value) {
-      if (!cache[key]) {
-        cache[key] = { total: 1, value: value };
-      } else {
-        cache[key].total++;
-      }
-    }
-  };
-}
-
 // we do not reassign an already present style value since
 // if we detect the style property value again we may be
 // detecting styles that were added via the `from` styles.
@@ -857,27 +820,17 @@ function registerRestorableStyles(backup, node, properties) {
   });
 }
 
-var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
-  var gcsLookup = createLocalCacheLookup();
-  var gcsStaggerLookup = createLocalCacheLookup();
+var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {
 
-  this.$get = ['$window', '$$jqLite', '$$AnimateRunner', '$timeout',
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$$jqLite', '$$AnimateRunner', '$timeout', '$$animateCache',
                '$$forceReflow', '$sniffer', '$$rAFScheduler', '$$animateQueue',
-       function($window,   $$jqLite,   $$AnimateRunner,   $timeout,
+       function($window,   $$jqLite,   $$AnimateRunner,   $timeout,   $$animateCache,
                 $$forceReflow,   $sniffer,   $$rAFScheduler, $$animateQueue) {
 
     var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);
 
-    var parentCounter = 0;
-    function gcsHashFn(node, extraClasses) {
-      var KEY = "$$ngAnimateParentKey";
-      var parentNode = node.parentNode;
-      var parentID = parentNode[KEY] || (parentNode[KEY] = ++parentCounter);
-      return parentID + '-' + node.getAttribute('class') + '-' + extraClasses;
-    }
-
-    function computeCachedCssStyles(node, className, cacheKey, properties) {
-      var timings = gcsLookup.get(cacheKey);
+    function computeCachedCssStyles(node, className, cacheKey, allowNoDuration, properties) {
+      var timings = $$animateCache.get(cacheKey);
 
       if (!timings) {
         timings = computeCssStyles($window, node, properties);
@@ -885,21 +838,27 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
           timings.animationIterationCount = 1;
         }
       }
+      
+      // if a css animation has no duration we
+      // should mark that so that repeated addClass/removeClass calls are skipped
+      var hasDuration = allowNoDuration || (timings.transitionDuration > 0 || timings.animationDuration > 0);
 
       // we keep putting this in multiple times even though the value and the cacheKey are the same
       // because we're keeping an internal tally of how many duplicate animations are detected.
-      gcsLookup.put(cacheKey, timings);
+      $$animateCache.put(cacheKey, timings, hasDuration);
+
       return timings;
     }
 
     function computeCachedCssStaggerStyles(node, className, cacheKey, properties) {
       var stagger;
+      var staggerCacheKey = 'stagger-' + cacheKey;
 
       // if we have one or more existing matches of matching elements
       // containing the same parent + CSS styles (which is how cacheKey works)
       // then staggering is possible
-      if (gcsLookup.count(cacheKey) > 0) {
-        stagger = gcsStaggerLookup.get(cacheKey);
+      if ($$animateCache.count(cacheKey) > 0) {
+        stagger = $$animateCache.get(staggerCacheKey);
 
         if (!stagger) {
           var staggerClassName = pendClasses(className, '-stagger');
@@ -914,20 +873,18 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
           $$jqLite.removeClass(node, staggerClassName);
 
-          gcsStaggerLookup.put(cacheKey, stagger);
+          $$animateCache.put(staggerCacheKey, stagger, true);
         }
       }
 
       return stagger || {};
     }
 
-    var cancelLastRAFRequest;
     var rafWaitQueue = [];
     function waitUntilQuiet(callback) {
       rafWaitQueue.push(callback);
       $$rAFScheduler.waitUntilQuiet(function() {
-        gcsLookup.flush();
-        gcsStaggerLookup.flush();
+        $$animateCache.flush();
 
         // DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE OR REFACTOR OUT THE `pageWidth` variable.
         // PLEASE EXAMINE THE `$$forceReflow` service to understand why.
@@ -942,8 +899,8 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       });
     }
 
-    function computeTimings(node, className, cacheKey) {
-      var timings = computeCachedCssStyles(node, className, cacheKey, DETECT_CSS_PROPERTIES);
+    function computeTimings(node, className, cacheKey, allowNoDuration) {
+      var timings = computeCachedCssStyles(node, className, cacheKey, allowNoDuration, DETECT_CSS_PROPERTIES);
       var aD = timings.animationDelay;
       var tD = timings.transitionDelay;
       timings.maxDelay = aD && tD
@@ -1030,7 +987,6 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
       var preparationClasses = [structuralClassName, addRemoveClassName].join(' ').trim();
       var fullClassName = classes + ' ' + preparationClasses;
-      var activeClasses = pendClasses(preparationClasses, ACTIVE_CLASS_SUFFIX);
       var hasToStyles = styles.to && Object.keys(styles.to).length > 0;
       var containsKeyframeAnimation = (options.keyframeStyle || '').length > 0;
 
@@ -1043,7 +999,12 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
       }
 
-      var cacheKey, stagger;
+      var stagger, cacheKey = $$animateCache.cacheKey(node, method, options.addClass, options.removeClass);
+      if ($$animateCache.containsCachedAnimationWithoutDuration(cacheKey)) {
+        preparationClasses = null;
+        return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
+      }
+
       if (options.stagger > 0) {
         var staggerVal = parseFloat(options.stagger);
         stagger = {
@@ -1053,7 +1014,6 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
           animationDuration: 0
         };
       } else {
-        cacheKey = gcsHashFn(node, fullClassName);
         stagger = computeCachedCssStaggerStyles(node, preparationClasses, cacheKey, DETECT_STAGGER_CSS_PROPERTIES);
       }
 
@@ -1087,7 +1047,7 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       var itemIndex = stagger
           ? options.staggerIndex >= 0
               ? options.staggerIndex
-              : gcsLookup.count(cacheKey)
+              : $$animateCache.count(cacheKey)
           : 0;
 
       var isFirst = itemIndex === 0;
@@ -1099,10 +1059,10 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       // that if there is no transition defined then nothing will happen and this will also allow
       // other transitions to be stacked on top of each other without any chopping them out.
       if (isFirst && !options.skipBlocking) {
-        blockTransitions(node, SAFE_FAST_FORWARD_DURATION_VALUE);
+        helpers.blockTransitions(node, SAFE_FAST_FORWARD_DURATION_VALUE); 
       }
 
-      var timings = computeTimings(node, fullClassName, cacheKey);
+      var timings = computeTimings(node, fullClassName, cacheKey, !isStructural);
       var relativeDelay = timings.maxDelay;
       maxDelay = Math.max(relativeDelay, 0);
       maxDuration = timings.maxDuration;
@@ -1110,7 +1070,7 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       var flags = {};
       flags.hasTransitions          = timings.transitionDuration > 0;
       flags.hasAnimations           = timings.animationDuration > 0;
-      flags.hasTransitionAll        = flags.hasTransitions && timings.transitionProperty == 'all';
+      flags.hasTransitionAll        = flags.hasTransitions && timings.transitionProperty === 'all';
       flags.applyTransitionDuration = hasToStyles && (
                                         (flags.hasTransitions && !flags.hasTransitionAll)
                                          || (flags.hasAnimations && !flags.hasTransitions));
@@ -1140,9 +1100,11 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
       }
 
+      var activeClasses = pendClasses(preparationClasses, ACTIVE_CLASS_SUFFIX);
+
       if (options.delay != null) {
         var delayStyle;
-        if (typeof options.delay !== "boolean") {
+        if (typeof options.delay !== 'boolean') {
           delayStyle = parseFloat(options.delay);
           // number in options.delay means we have to recalculate the delay for the closing timeout
           maxDelay = Math.max(delayStyle, 0);
@@ -1183,7 +1145,7 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       if (flags.blockTransition || flags.blockKeyframeAnimation) {
         applyBlocking(maxDuration);
       } else if (!options.skipBlocking) {
-        blockTransitions(node, false);
+        helpers.blockTransitions(node, false);
       }
 
       // TODO(matsko): for 1.5 change this code to have an animator object for better debugging
@@ -1220,20 +1182,23 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         close(true);
       }
 
-      function close(rejected) { // jshint ignore:line
+      function close(rejected) {
         // if the promise has been called already then we shouldn't close
         // the animation again
         if (animationClosed || (animationCompleted && animationPaused)) return;
         animationClosed = true;
         animationPaused = false;
 
-        if (!options.$$skipPreparationClasses) {
+        if (preparationClasses && !options.$$skipPreparationClasses) {
           $$jqLite.removeClass(element, preparationClasses);
         }
-        $$jqLite.removeClass(element, activeClasses);
+
+        if (activeClasses) {
+          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, activeClasses);
+        }
 
         blockKeyframeAnimations(node, false);
-        blockTransitions(node, false);
+        helpers.blockTransitions(node, false);
 
         forEach(temporaryStyles, function(entry) {
           // There is only one way to remove inline style properties entirely from elements.
@@ -1247,8 +1212,11 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
         if (Object.keys(restoreStyles).length) {
           forEach(restoreStyles, function(value, prop) {
-            value ? node.style.setProperty(prop, value)
-                  : node.style.removeProperty(prop);
+            if (value) {
+              node.style.setProperty(prop, value);
+            } else {
+              node.style.removeProperty(prop);
+            }
           });
         }
 
@@ -1281,7 +1249,7 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
       function applyBlocking(duration) {
         if (flags.blockTransition) {
-          blockTransitions(node, duration);
+          helpers.blockTransitions(node, duration);
         }
 
         if (flags.blockKeyframeAnimation) {
@@ -1312,6 +1280,12 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         event.stopPropagation();
         var ev = event.originalEvent || event;
 
+        if (ev.target !== node) {
+          // Since TransitionEvent / AnimationEvent bubble up,
+          // we have to ignore events by finished child animations
+          return;
+        }
+
         // we now always use `Date.now()` due to the recent changes with
         // event.timeStamp in Firefox, Webkit and Chrome (see #13494 for more info)
         var timeStamp = ev.$manualTimeStamp || Date.now();
@@ -1351,9 +1325,11 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
             animationPaused = !playAnimation;
             if (timings.animationDuration) {
               var value = blockKeyframeAnimations(node, animationPaused);
-              animationPaused
-                  ? temporaryStyles.push(value)
-                  : removeFromArray(temporaryStyles, value);
+              if (animationPaused) {
+                temporaryStyles.push(value);
+              } else {
+                removeFromArray(temporaryStyles, value);
+              }
             }
           } else if (animationPaused && playAnimation) {
             animationPaused = false;
@@ -1402,10 +1378,10 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
           $$jqLite.addClass(element, activeClasses);
 
           if (flags.recalculateTimingStyles) {
-            fullClassName = node.className + ' ' + preparationClasses;
-            cacheKey = gcsHashFn(node, fullClassName);
+            fullClassName = node.getAttribute('class') + ' ' + preparationClasses;
+            cacheKey = $$animateCache.cacheKey(node, method, options.addClass, options.removeClass);
 
-            timings = computeTimings(node, fullClassName, cacheKey);
+            timings = computeTimings(node, fullClassName, cacheKey, false);
             relativeDelay = timings.maxDelay;
             maxDelay = Math.max(relativeDelay, 0);
             maxDuration = timings.maxDuration;
@@ -1420,7 +1396,7 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
           }
 
           if (flags.applyAnimationDelay) {
-            relativeDelay = typeof options.delay !== "boolean" && truthyTimingValue(options.delay)
+            relativeDelay = typeof options.delay !== 'boolean' && truthyTimingValue(options.delay)
                   ? parseFloat(options.delay)
                   : relativeDelay;
 
@@ -1512,7 +1488,7 @@ var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
   }];
 }];
 
-var $$AnimateCssDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', function($$animationProvider) {
+var $$AnimateCssDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', /** @this */ function($$animationProvider) {
   $$animationProvider.drivers.push('$$animateCssDriver');
 
   var NG_ANIMATE_SHIM_CLASS_NAME = 'ng-animate-shim';
@@ -1541,8 +1517,6 @@ var $$AnimateCssDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', function($$animationPro
       isDocumentFragment(rootNode) || bodyNode.contains(rootNode) ? rootNode : bodyNode
     );
 
-    var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);
-
     return function initDriverFn(animationDetails) {
       return animationDetails.from && animationDetails.to
           ? prepareFromToAnchorAnimation(animationDetails.from,
@@ -1784,7 +1758,7 @@ var $$AnimateCssDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', function($$animationPro
 // TODO(matsko): add documentation
 //  by the time...
 
-var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
+var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {
   this.$get = ['$injector', '$$AnimateRunner', '$$jqLite',
        function($injector,   $$AnimateRunner,   $$jqLite) {
 
@@ -1823,7 +1797,7 @@ var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       var before, after;
       if (animations.length) {
         var afterFn, beforeFn;
-        if (event == 'leave') {
+        if (event === 'leave') {
           beforeFn = 'leave';
           afterFn = 'afterLeave'; // TODO(matsko): get rid of this
         } else {
@@ -2008,7 +1982,7 @@ var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       function packageAnimations(element, event, options, animations, fnName) {
         var operations = groupEventedAnimations(element, event, options, animations, fnName);
         if (operations.length === 0) {
-          var a,b;
+          var a, b;
           if (fnName === 'beforeSetClass') {
             a = groupEventedAnimations(element, 'removeClass', options, animations, 'beforeRemoveClass');
             b = groupEventedAnimations(element, 'addClass', options, animations, 'beforeAddClass');
@@ -2036,11 +2010,19 @@ var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
             });
           }
 
-          runners.length ? $$AnimateRunner.all(runners, callback) : callback();
+          if (runners.length) {
+            $$AnimateRunner.all(runners, callback);
+          }  else {
+            callback();
+          }
 
           return function endFn(reject) {
             forEach(runners, function(runner) {
-              reject ? runner.cancel() : runner.end();
+              if (reject) {
+                runner.cancel();
+              } else {
+                runner.end();
+              }
             });
           };
         };
@@ -2050,7 +2032,7 @@ var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
     function lookupAnimations(classes) {
       classes = isArray(classes) ? classes : classes.split(' ');
       var matches = [], flagMap = {};
-      for (var i=0; i < classes.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < classes.length; i++) {
         var klass = classes[i],
             animationFactory = $animateProvider.$$registeredAnimations[klass];
         if (animationFactory && !flagMap[klass]) {
@@ -2063,7 +2045,7 @@ var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
   }];
 }];
 
-var $$AnimateJsDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', function($$animationProvider) {
+var $$AnimateJsDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', /** @this */ function($$animationProvider) {
   $$animationProvider.drivers.push('$$animateJsDriver');
   this.$get = ['$$animateJs', '$$AnimateRunner', function($$animateJs, $$AnimateRunner) {
     return function initDriverFn(animationDetails) {
@@ -2125,7 +2107,7 @@ var $$AnimateJsDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', function($$animationProv
 
 var NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME = 'data-ng-animate';
 var NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA = '$ngAnimatePin';
-var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
+var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {
   var PRE_DIGEST_STATE = 1;
   var RUNNING_STATE = 2;
   var ONE_SPACE = ' ';
@@ -2136,6 +2118,15 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
     join: []
   };
 
+  function getEventData(options) {
+    return {
+      addClass: options.addClass,
+      removeClass: options.removeClass,
+      from: options.from,
+      to: options.to
+    };
+  }
+
   function makeTruthyCssClassMap(classString) {
     if (!classString) {
       return null;
@@ -2159,9 +2150,9 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
     }
   }
 
-  function isAllowed(ruleType, element, currentAnimation, previousAnimation) {
+  function isAllowed(ruleType, currentAnimation, previousAnimation) {
     return rules[ruleType].some(function(fn) {
-      return fn(element, currentAnimation, previousAnimation);
+      return fn(currentAnimation, previousAnimation);
     });
   }
 
@@ -2171,40 +2162,40 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
     return and ? a && b : a || b;
   }
 
-  rules.join.push(function(element, newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
+  rules.join.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
     // if the new animation is class-based then we can just tack that on
     return !newAnimation.structural && hasAnimationClasses(newAnimation);
   });
 
-  rules.skip.push(function(element, newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
+  rules.skip.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
     // there is no need to animate anything if no classes are being added and
     // there is no structural animation that will be triggered
     return !newAnimation.structural && !hasAnimationClasses(newAnimation);
   });
 
-  rules.skip.push(function(element, newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
+  rules.skip.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
     // why should we trigger a new structural animation if the element will
     // be removed from the DOM anyway?
-    return currentAnimation.event == 'leave' && newAnimation.structural;
+    return currentAnimation.event === 'leave' && newAnimation.structural;
   });
 
-  rules.skip.push(function(element, newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
+  rules.skip.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
     // if there is an ongoing current animation then don't even bother running the class-based animation
     return currentAnimation.structural && currentAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE && !newAnimation.structural;
   });
 
-  rules.cancel.push(function(element, newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
+  rules.cancel.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
     // there can never be two structural animations running at the same time
     return currentAnimation.structural && newAnimation.structural;
   });
 
-  rules.cancel.push(function(element, newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
+  rules.cancel.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
     // if the previous animation is already running, but the new animation will
     // be triggered, but the new animation is structural
     return currentAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE && newAnimation.structural;
   });
 
-  rules.cancel.push(function(element, newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
+  rules.cancel.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
     // cancel the animation if classes added / removed in both animation cancel each other out,
     // but only if the current animation isn't structural
 
@@ -2223,15 +2214,21 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
     return hasMatchingClasses(nA, cR) || hasMatchingClasses(nR, cA);
   });
 
-  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$document', '$$HashMap',
+  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$document', '$$Map',
                '$$animation', '$$AnimateRunner', '$templateRequest', '$$jqLite', '$$forceReflow',
-       function($$rAF,   $rootScope,   $rootElement,   $document,   $$HashMap,
-                $$animation,   $$AnimateRunner,   $templateRequest,   $$jqLite,   $$forceReflow) {
+               '$$isDocumentHidden',
+       function($$rAF,   $rootScope,   $rootElement,   $document,   $$Map,
+                $$animation,   $$AnimateRunner,   $templateRequest,   $$jqLite,   $$forceReflow,
+                $$isDocumentHidden) {
 
-    var activeAnimationsLookup = new $$HashMap();
-    var disabledElementsLookup = new $$HashMap();
+    var activeAnimationsLookup = new $$Map();
+    var disabledElementsLookup = new $$Map();
     var animationsEnabled = null;
 
+    function removeFromDisabledElementsLookup(evt) {
+      disabledElementsLookup.delete(evt.target);
+    }
+
     function postDigestTaskFactory() {
       var postDigestCalled = false;
       return function(fn) {
@@ -2281,14 +2278,17 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
     var callbackRegistry = Object.create(null);
 
-    // remember that the classNameFilter is set during the provider/config
-    // stage therefore we can optimize here and setup a helper function
+    // remember that the `customFilter`/`classNameFilter` are set during the
+    // provider/config stage therefore we can optimize here and setup helper functions
+    var customFilter = $animateProvider.customFilter();
     var classNameFilter = $animateProvider.classNameFilter();
-    var isAnimatableClassName = !classNameFilter
-              ? function() { return true; }
-              : function(className) {
-                return classNameFilter.test(className);
-              };
+    var returnTrue = function() { return true; };
+
+    var isAnimatableByFilter = customFilter || returnTrue;
+    var isAnimatableClassName = !classNameFilter ? returnTrue : function(node, options) {
+      var className = [node.getAttribute('class'), options.addClass, options.removeClass].join(' ');
+      return classNameFilter.test(className);
+    };
 
     var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);
 
@@ -2297,16 +2297,12 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
     }
 
     // IE9-11 has no method "contains" in SVG element and in Node.prototype. Bug #10259.
-    var contains = window.Node.prototype.contains || function(arg) {
-      // jshint bitwise: false
+    var contains = window.Node.prototype.contains || /** @this */ function(arg) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
       return this === arg || !!(this.compareDocumentPosition(arg) & 16);
-      // jshint bitwise: true
     };
 
-    function findCallbacks(parent, element, event) {
-      var targetNode = getDomNode(element);
-      var targetParentNode = getDomNode(parent);
-
+    function findCallbacks(targetParentNode, targetNode, event) {
       var matches = [];
       var entries = callbackRegistry[event];
       if (entries) {
@@ -2331,11 +2327,11 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       });
     }
 
-    function cleanupEventListeners(phase, element) {
-      if (phase === 'close' && !element[0].parentNode) {
+    function cleanupEventListeners(phase, node) {
+      if (phase === 'close' && !node.parentNode) {
         // If the element is not attached to a parentNode, it has been removed by
         // the domOperation, and we can safely remove the event callbacks
-        $animate.off(element);
+        $animate.off(node);
       }
     }
 
@@ -2416,7 +2412,12 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
               bool = !disabledElementsLookup.get(node);
             } else {
               // (element, bool) - Element setter
-              disabledElementsLookup.put(node, !bool);
+              if (!disabledElementsLookup.has(node)) {
+                // The element is added to the map for the first time.
+                // Create a listener to remove it on `$destroy` (to avoid memory leak).
+                jqLite(element).on('$destroy', removeFromDisabledElementsLookup);
+              }
+              disabledElementsLookup.set(node, !bool);
             }
           }
         }
@@ -2427,18 +2428,15 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
     return $animate;
 
-    function queueAnimation(element, event, initialOptions) {
+    function queueAnimation(originalElement, event, initialOptions) {
       // we always make a copy of the options since
       // there should never be any side effects on
       // the input data when running `$animateCss`.
       var options = copy(initialOptions);
 
-      var node, parent;
-      element = stripCommentsFromElement(element);
-      if (element) {
-        node = getDomNode(element);
-        parent = element.parent();
-      }
+      var element = stripCommentsFromElement(originalElement);
+      var node = getDomNode(element);
+      var parentNode = node && node.parentNode;
 
       options = prepareAnimationOptions(options);
 
@@ -2473,49 +2471,45 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         options.to = null;
       }
 
-      // there are situations where a directive issues an animation for
-      // a jqLite wrapper that contains only comment nodes... If this
-      // happens then there is no way we can perform an animation
-      if (!node) {
-        close();
-        return runner;
-      }
-
-      var className = [node.className, options.addClass, options.removeClass].join(' ');
-      if (!isAnimatableClassName(className)) {
+      // If animations are hard-disabled for the whole application there is no need to continue.
+      // There are also situations where a directive issues an animation for a jqLite wrapper that
+      // contains only comment nodes. In this case, there is no way we can perform an animation.
+      if (!animationsEnabled ||
+          !node ||
+          !isAnimatableByFilter(node, event, initialOptions) ||
+          !isAnimatableClassName(node, options)) {
         close();
         return runner;
       }
 
       var isStructural = ['enter', 'move', 'leave'].indexOf(event) >= 0;
 
-      var documentHidden = $document[0].hidden;
+      var documentHidden = $$isDocumentHidden();
 
-      // this is a hard disable of all animations for the application or on
-      // the element itself, therefore  there is no need to continue further
-      // past this point if not enabled
+      // This is a hard disable of all animations the element itself, therefore  there is no need to
+      // continue further past this point if not enabled
       // Animations are also disabled if the document is currently hidden (page is not visible
       // to the user), because browsers slow down or do not flush calls to requestAnimationFrame
-      var skipAnimations = !animationsEnabled || documentHidden || disabledElementsLookup.get(node);
+      var skipAnimations = documentHidden || disabledElementsLookup.get(node);
       var existingAnimation = (!skipAnimations && activeAnimationsLookup.get(node)) || {};
       var hasExistingAnimation = !!existingAnimation.state;
 
       // there is no point in traversing the same collection of parent ancestors if a followup
       // animation will be run on the same element that already did all that checking work
-      if (!skipAnimations && (!hasExistingAnimation || existingAnimation.state != PRE_DIGEST_STATE)) {
-        skipAnimations = !areAnimationsAllowed(element, parent, event);
+      if (!skipAnimations && (!hasExistingAnimation || existingAnimation.state !== PRE_DIGEST_STATE)) {
+        skipAnimations = !areAnimationsAllowed(node, parentNode, event);
       }
 
       if (skipAnimations) {
         // Callbacks should fire even if the document is hidden (regression fix for issue #14120)
-        if (documentHidden) notifyProgress(runner, event, 'start');
+        if (documentHidden) notifyProgress(runner, event, 'start', getEventData(options));
         close();
-        if (documentHidden) notifyProgress(runner, event, 'close');
+        if (documentHidden) notifyProgress(runner, event, 'close', getEventData(options));
         return runner;
       }
 
       if (isStructural) {
-        closeChildAnimations(element);
+        closeChildAnimations(node);
       }
 
       var newAnimation = {
@@ -2530,7 +2524,7 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       };
 
       if (hasExistingAnimation) {
-        var skipAnimationFlag = isAllowed('skip', element, newAnimation, existingAnimation);
+        var skipAnimationFlag = isAllowed('skip', newAnimation, existingAnimation);
         if (skipAnimationFlag) {
           if (existingAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE) {
             close();
@@ -2540,7 +2534,7 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
             return existingAnimation.runner;
           }
         }
-        var cancelAnimationFlag = isAllowed('cancel', element, newAnimation, existingAnimation);
+        var cancelAnimationFlag = isAllowed('cancel', newAnimation, existingAnimation);
         if (cancelAnimationFlag) {
           if (existingAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE) {
             // this will end the animation right away and it is safe
@@ -2562,12 +2556,12 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
           // a joined animation means that this animation will take over the existing one
           // so an example would involve a leave animation taking over an enter. Then when
           // the postDigest kicks in the enter will be ignored.
-          var joinAnimationFlag = isAllowed('join', element, newAnimation, existingAnimation);
+          var joinAnimationFlag = isAllowed('join', newAnimation, existingAnimation);
           if (joinAnimationFlag) {
             if (existingAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE) {
               normalizeAnimationDetails(element, newAnimation);
             } else {
-              applyGeneratedPreparationClasses(element, isStructural ? event : null, options);
+              applyGeneratedPreparationClasses($$jqLite, element, isStructural ? event : null, options);
 
               event = newAnimation.event = existingAnimation.event;
               options = mergeAnimationDetails(element, existingAnimation, newAnimation);
@@ -2596,7 +2590,7 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
       if (!isValidAnimation) {
         close();
-        clearElementAnimationState(element);
+        clearElementAnimationState(node);
         return runner;
       }
 
@@ -2604,9 +2598,18 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       var counter = (existingAnimation.counter || 0) + 1;
       newAnimation.counter = counter;
 
-      markElementAnimationState(element, PRE_DIGEST_STATE, newAnimation);
+      markElementAnimationState(node, PRE_DIGEST_STATE, newAnimation);
 
       $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
+        // It is possible that the DOM nodes inside `originalElement` have been replaced. This can
+        // happen if the animated element is a transcluded clone and also has a `templateUrl`
+        // directive on it. Therefore, we must recreate `element` in order to interact with the
+        // actual DOM nodes.
+        // Note: We still need to use the old `node` for certain things, such as looking up in
+        //       HashMaps where it was used as the key.
+
+        element = stripCommentsFromElement(originalElement);
+
         var animationDetails = activeAnimationsLookup.get(node);
         var animationCancelled = !animationDetails;
         animationDetails = animationDetails || {};
@@ -2645,7 +2648,7 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
           // isn't allowed to animate from here then we need to clear the state of the element
           // so that any future animations won't read the expired animation data.
           if (!isValidAnimation) {
-            clearElementAnimationState(element);
+            clearElementAnimationState(node);
           }
 
           return;
@@ -2657,21 +2660,21 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
             ? 'setClass'
             : animationDetails.event;
 
-        markElementAnimationState(element, RUNNING_STATE);
+        markElementAnimationState(node, RUNNING_STATE);
         var realRunner = $$animation(element, event, animationDetails.options);
 
         // this will update the runner's flow-control events based on
         // the `realRunner` object.
         runner.setHost(realRunner);
-        notifyProgress(runner, event, 'start', {});
+        notifyProgress(runner, event, 'start', getEventData(options));
 
         realRunner.done(function(status) {
           close(!status);
           var animationDetails = activeAnimationsLookup.get(node);
           if (animationDetails && animationDetails.counter === counter) {
-            clearElementAnimationState(getDomNode(element));
+            clearElementAnimationState(node);
           }
-          notifyProgress(runner, event, 'close', {});
+          notifyProgress(runner, event, 'close', getEventData(options));
         });
       });
 
@@ -2679,7 +2682,7 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
       function notifyProgress(runner, event, phase, data) {
         runInNextPostDigestOrNow(function() {
-          var callbacks = findCallbacks(parent, element, event);
+          var callbacks = findCallbacks(parentNode, node, event);
           if (callbacks.length) {
             // do not optimize this call here to RAF because
             // we don't know how heavy the callback code here will
@@ -2689,16 +2692,16 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
               forEach(callbacks, function(callback) {
                 callback(element, phase, data);
               });
-              cleanupEventListeners(phase, element);
+              cleanupEventListeners(phase, node);
             });
           } else {
-            cleanupEventListeners(phase, element);
+            cleanupEventListeners(phase, node);
           }
         });
         runner.progress(event, phase, data);
       }
 
-      function close(reject) { // jshint ignore:line
+      function close(reject) {
         clearGeneratedClasses(element, options);
         applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
         applyAnimationStyles(element, options);
@@ -2707,11 +2710,10 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       }
     }
 
-    function closeChildAnimations(element) {
-      var node = getDomNode(element);
+    function closeChildAnimations(node) {
       var children = node.querySelectorAll('[' + NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME + ']');
       forEach(children, function(child) {
-        var state = parseInt(child.getAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME));
+        var state = parseInt(child.getAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME), 10);
         var animationDetails = activeAnimationsLookup.get(child);
         if (animationDetails) {
           switch (state) {
@@ -2719,21 +2721,16 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
               animationDetails.runner.end();
               /* falls through */
             case PRE_DIGEST_STATE:
-              activeAnimationsLookup.remove(child);
+              activeAnimationsLookup.delete(child);
               break;
           }
         }
       });
     }
 
-    function clearElementAnimationState(element) {
-      var node = getDomNode(element);
+    function clearElementAnimationState(node) {
       node.removeAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME);
-      activeAnimationsLookup.remove(node);
-    }
-
-    function isMatchingElement(nodeOrElmA, nodeOrElmB) {
-      return getDomNode(nodeOrElmA) === getDomNode(nodeOrElmB);
+      activeAnimationsLookup.delete(node);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2743,54 +2740,54 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
      * c) the element is not a child of the body
      * d) the element is not a child of the $rootElement
      */
-    function areAnimationsAllowed(element, parentElement, event) {
-      var bodyElement = jqLite($document[0].body);
-      var bodyElementDetected = isMatchingElement(element, bodyElement) || element[0].nodeName === 'HTML';
-      var rootElementDetected = isMatchingElement(element, $rootElement);
+    function areAnimationsAllowed(node, parentNode, event) {
+      var bodyNode = $document[0].body;
+      var rootNode = getDomNode($rootElement);
+
+      var bodyNodeDetected = (node === bodyNode) || node.nodeName === 'HTML';
+      var rootNodeDetected = (node === rootNode);
       var parentAnimationDetected = false;
+      var elementDisabled = disabledElementsLookup.get(node);
       var animateChildren;
-      var elementDisabled = disabledElementsLookup.get(getDomNode(element));
 
-      var parentHost = jqLite.data(element[0], NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA);
+      var parentHost = jqLite.data(node, NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA);
       if (parentHost) {
-        parentElement = parentHost;
+        parentNode = getDomNode(parentHost);
       }
 
-      parentElement = getDomNode(parentElement);
-
-      while (parentElement) {
-        if (!rootElementDetected) {
-          // angular doesn't want to attempt to animate elements outside of the application
+      while (parentNode) {
+        if (!rootNodeDetected) {
+          // AngularJS doesn't want to attempt to animate elements outside of the application
           // therefore we need to ensure that the rootElement is an ancestor of the current element
-          rootElementDetected = isMatchingElement(parentElement, $rootElement);
+          rootNodeDetected = (parentNode === rootNode);
         }
 
-        if (parentElement.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE) {
+        if (parentNode.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE) {
           // no point in inspecting the #document element
           break;
         }
 
-        var details = activeAnimationsLookup.get(parentElement) || {};
+        var details = activeAnimationsLookup.get(parentNode) || {};
         // either an enter, leave or move animation will commence
         // therefore we can't allow any animations to take place
         // but if a parent animation is class-based then that's ok
         if (!parentAnimationDetected) {
-          var parentElementDisabled = disabledElementsLookup.get(parentElement);
+          var parentNodeDisabled = disabledElementsLookup.get(parentNode);
 
-          if (parentElementDisabled === true && elementDisabled !== false) {
+          if (parentNodeDisabled === true && elementDisabled !== false) {
             // disable animations if the user hasn't explicitly enabled animations on the
             // current element
             elementDisabled = true;
             // element is disabled via parent element, no need to check anything else
             break;
-          } else if (parentElementDisabled === false) {
+          } else if (parentNodeDisabled === false) {
             elementDisabled = false;
           }
           parentAnimationDetected = details.structural;
         }
 
         if (isUndefined(animateChildren) || animateChildren === true) {
-          var value = jqLite.data(parentElement, NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN_DATA);
+          var value = jqLite.data(parentNode, NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN_DATA);
           if (isDefined(value)) {
             animateChildren = value;
           }
@@ -2799,57 +2796,57 @@ var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         // there is no need to continue traversing at this point
         if (parentAnimationDetected && animateChildren === false) break;
 
-        if (!bodyElementDetected) {
+        if (!bodyNodeDetected) {
           // we also need to ensure that the element is or will be a part of the body element
           // otherwise it is pointless to even issue an animation to be rendered
-          bodyElementDetected = isMatchingElement(parentElement, bodyElement);
+          bodyNodeDetected = (parentNode === bodyNode);
         }
 
-        if (bodyElementDetected && rootElementDetected) {
+        if (bodyNodeDetected && rootNodeDetected) {
           // If both body and root have been found, any other checks are pointless,
           // as no animation data should live outside the application
           break;
         }
 
-        if (!rootElementDetected) {
-          // If no rootElement is detected, check if the parentElement is pinned to another element
-          parentHost = jqLite.data(parentElement, NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA);
+        if (!rootNodeDetected) {
+          // If `rootNode` is not detected, check if `parentNode` is pinned to another element
+          parentHost = jqLite.data(parentNode, NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA);
           if (parentHost) {
             // The pin target element becomes the next parent element
-            parentElement = getDomNode(parentHost);
+            parentNode = getDomNode(parentHost);
             continue;
           }
         }
 
-        parentElement = parentElement.parentNode;
+        parentNode = parentNode.parentNode;
       }
 
       var allowAnimation = (!parentAnimationDetected || animateChildren) && elementDisabled !== true;
-      return allowAnimation && rootElementDetected && bodyElementDetected;
+      return allowAnimation && rootNodeDetected && bodyNodeDetected;
     }
 
-    function markElementAnimationState(element, state, details) {
+    function markElementAnimationState(node, state, details) {
       details = details || {};
       details.state = state;
 
-      var node = getDomNode(element);
       node.setAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME, state);
 
       var oldValue = activeAnimationsLookup.get(node);
       var newValue = oldValue
           ? extend(oldValue, details)
           : details;
-      activeAnimationsLookup.put(node, newValue);
+      activeAnimationsLookup.set(node, newValue);
     }
   }];
 }];
 
-var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
+var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {
   var NG_ANIMATE_REF_ATTR = 'ng-animate-ref';
 
   var drivers = this.drivers = [];
 
   var RUNNER_STORAGE_KEY = '$$animationRunner';
+  var PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY = '$$animatePrepareClasses';
 
   function setRunner(element, runner) {
     element.data(RUNNER_STORAGE_KEY, runner);
@@ -2863,22 +2860,23 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
     return element.data(RUNNER_STORAGE_KEY);
   }
 
-  this.$get = ['$$jqLite', '$rootScope', '$injector', '$$AnimateRunner', '$$HashMap', '$$rAFScheduler',
-       function($$jqLite,   $rootScope,   $injector,   $$AnimateRunner,   $$HashMap,   $$rAFScheduler) {
+  this.$get = ['$$jqLite', '$rootScope', '$injector', '$$AnimateRunner', '$$Map', '$$rAFScheduler', '$$animateCache',
+       function($$jqLite,   $rootScope,   $injector,   $$AnimateRunner,   $$Map,   $$rAFScheduler, $$animateCache) {
 
     var animationQueue = [];
     var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);
 
     function sortAnimations(animations) {
       var tree = { children: [] };
-      var i, lookup = new $$HashMap();
+      var i, lookup = new $$Map();
 
-      // this is done first beforehand so that the hashmap
+      // this is done first beforehand so that the map
       // is filled with a list of the elements that will be animated
       for (i = 0; i < animations.length; i++) {
         var animation = animations[i];
-        lookup.put(animation.domNode, animations[i] = {
+        lookup.set(animation.domNode, animations[i] = {
           domNode: animation.domNode,
+          element: animation.element,
           fn: animation.fn,
           children: []
         });
@@ -2896,7 +2894,7 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
 
         var elementNode = entry.domNode;
         var parentNode = elementNode.parentNode;
-        lookup.put(elementNode, entry);
+        lookup.set(elementNode, entry);
 
         var parentEntry;
         while (parentNode) {
@@ -2935,7 +2933,7 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
             result.push(row);
             row = [];
           }
-          row.push(entry.fn);
+          row.push(entry);
           entry.children.forEach(function(childEntry) {
             nextLevelEntries++;
             queue.push(childEntry);
@@ -2970,8 +2968,6 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         return runner;
       }
 
-      setRunner(element, runner);
-
       var classes = mergeClasses(element.attr('class'), mergeClasses(options.addClass, options.removeClass));
       var tempClasses = options.tempClasses;
       if (tempClasses) {
@@ -2979,12 +2975,12 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         options.tempClasses = null;
       }
 
-      var prepareClassName;
       if (isStructural) {
-        prepareClassName = 'ng-' + event + PREPARE_CLASS_SUFFIX;
-        $$jqLite.addClass(element, prepareClassName);
+        element.data(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY, 'ng-' + event + PREPARE_CLASS_SUFFIX);
       }
 
+      setRunner(element, runner);
+
       animationQueue.push({
         // this data is used by the postDigest code and passed into
         // the driver step function
@@ -3024,16 +3020,31 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         var toBeSortedAnimations = [];
 
         forEach(groupedAnimations, function(animationEntry) {
+          var element = animationEntry.from ? animationEntry.from.element : animationEntry.element;
+          var extraClasses = options.addClass;
+
+          extraClasses = (extraClasses ? (extraClasses + ' ') : '') + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME;
+          var cacheKey = $$animateCache.cacheKey(element[0], animationEntry.event, extraClasses, options.removeClass);
+
           toBeSortedAnimations.push({
-            domNode: getDomNode(animationEntry.from ? animationEntry.from.element : animationEntry.element),
+            element: element,
+            domNode: getDomNode(element),
             fn: function triggerAnimationStart() {
+              var startAnimationFn, closeFn = animationEntry.close;
+
+              // in the event that we've cached the animation status for this element
+              // and it's in fact an invalid animation (something that has duration = 0)
+              // then we should skip all the heavy work from here on
+              if ($$animateCache.containsCachedAnimationWithoutDuration(cacheKey)) {
+                closeFn();
+                return;
+              }
+
               // it's important that we apply the `ng-animate` CSS class and the
               // temporary classes before we do any driver invoking since these
               // CSS classes may be required for proper CSS detection.
               animationEntry.beforeStart();
 
-              var startAnimationFn, closeFn = animationEntry.close;
-
               // in the event that the element was removed before the digest runs or
               // during the RAF sequencing then we should not trigger the animation.
               var targetElement = animationEntry.anchors
@@ -3063,7 +3074,32 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         // we need to sort each of the animations in order of parent to child
         // relationships. This ensures that the child classes are applied at the
         // right time.
-        $$rAFScheduler(sortAnimations(toBeSortedAnimations));
+        var finalAnimations = sortAnimations(toBeSortedAnimations);
+        for (var i = 0; i < finalAnimations.length; i++) {
+          var innerArray = finalAnimations[i];
+          for (var j = 0; j < innerArray.length; j++) {
+            var entry = innerArray[j];
+            var element = entry.element;
+
+            // the RAFScheduler code only uses functions
+            finalAnimations[i][j] = entry.fn;
+
+            // the first row of elements shouldn't have a prepare-class added to them
+            // since the elements are at the top of the animation hierarchy and they
+            // will be applied without a RAF having to pass...
+            if (i === 0) {
+              element.removeData(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY);
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            var prepareClassName = element.data(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY);
+            if (prepareClassName) {
+              $$jqLite.addClass(element, prepareClassName);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        $$rAFScheduler(finalAnimations);
       });
 
       return runner;
@@ -3201,10 +3237,10 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
       }
 
       function beforeStart() {
-        element.addClass(NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
-        if (tempClasses) {
-          $$jqLite.addClass(element, tempClasses);
-        }
+        tempClasses = (tempClasses ? (tempClasses + ' ') : '') + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME;
+        $$jqLite.addClass(element, tempClasses);
+
+        var prepareClassName = element.data(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY);
         if (prepareClassName) {
           $$jqLite.removeClass(element, prepareClassName);
           prepareClassName = null;
@@ -3232,7 +3268,7 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
         }
       }
 
-      function close(rejected) { // jshint ignore:line
+      function close(rejected) {
         element.off('$destroy', handleDestroyedElement);
         removeRunner(element);
 
@@ -3244,7 +3280,6 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
           $$jqLite.removeClass(element, tempClasses);
         }
 
-        element.removeClass(NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
         runner.complete(!rejected);
       }
     };
@@ -3338,12 +3373,13 @@ var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', function($animateProvider) {
  *  </file>
  * </example>
  */
-var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $rootScope) {
+var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
     transclude: 'element',
     terminal: true,
-    priority: 600, // we use 600 here to ensure that the directive is caught before others
+    priority: 550, // We use 550 here to ensure that the directive is caught before others,
+                   // but after `ngIf` (at priority 600).
     link: function(scope, $element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
       var previousElement, previousScope;
       scope.$watchCollection(attrs.ngAnimateSwap || attrs['for'], function(value) {
@@ -3355,10 +3391,10 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
           previousScope = null;
         }
         if (value || value === 0) {
-          previousScope = scope.$new();
-          $transclude(previousScope, function(element) {
-            previousElement = element;
-            $animate.enter(element, null, $element);
+          $transclude(function(clone, childScope) {
+            previousElement = clone;
+            previousScope = childScope;
+            $animate.enter(clone, null, $element);
           });
         }
       });
@@ -3372,11 +3408,9 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  * @description
  *
  * The `ngAnimate` module provides support for CSS-based animations (keyframes and transitions) as well as JavaScript-based animations via
- * callback hooks. Animations are not enabled by default, however, by including `ngAnimate` the animation hooks are enabled for an Angular app.
- *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngAnimate"></div>
+ * callback hooks. Animations are not enabled by default, however, by including `ngAnimate` the animation hooks are enabled for an AngularJS app.
  *
- * # Usage
+ * ## Usage
  * Simply put, there are two ways to make use of animations when ngAnimate is used: by using **CSS** and **JavaScript**. The former works purely based
  * using CSS (by using matching CSS selectors/styles) and the latter triggers animations that are registered via `module.animation()`. For
  * both CSS and JS animations the sole requirement is to have a matching `CSS class` that exists both in the registered animation and within
@@ -3385,25 +3419,33 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  * ## Directive Support
  * The following directives are "animation aware":
  *
- * | Directive                                                                                                | Supported Animations                                                     |
- * |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat#animations ngRepeat}                                                        | enter, leave and move                                                    |
- * | {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView#animations ngView}                                                       | enter and leave                                                          |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngInclude#animations ngInclude}                                                      | enter and leave                                                          |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngSwitch#animations ngSwitch}                                                        | enter and leave                                                          |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngIf#animations ngIf}                                                                | enter and leave                                                          |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngClass#animations ngClass}                                                          | add and remove (the CSS class(es) present)                               |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngShow#animations ngShow} & {@link ng.directive:ngHide#animations ngHide}            | add and remove (the ng-hide class value)                                 |
- * | {@link ng.directive:form#animation-hooks form} & {@link ng.directive:ngModel#animation-hooks ngModel}    | add and remove (dirty, pristine, valid, invalid & all other validations) |
- * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessages}                                                          | add and remove (ng-active & ng-inactive)                                 |
- * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessage}                                                           | enter and leave                                                          |
- *
- * (More information can be found by visiting each the documentation associated with each directive.)
+ * | Directive                                                                     | Supported Animations                                                      |
+ * |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.directive:form#animations form / ngForm}                            | add and remove ({@link ng.directive:form#css-classes various classes})    |
+ * | {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap#animations ngAnimateSwap}            | enter and leave                                                           |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngClass#animations ngClass / {{class&#125;&#8203;&#125;}  | add and remove                                                            |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngClassEven#animations ngClassEven}                       | add and remove                                                            |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngClassOdd#animations ngClassOdd}                         | add and remove                                                            |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngHide#animations ngHide}                                 | add and remove (the `ng-hide` class)                                      |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngIf#animations ngIf}                                     | enter and leave                                                           |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngInclude#animations ngInclude}                           | enter and leave                                                           |
+ * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessage / ngMessageExp}                 | enter and leave                                                           |
+ * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessages}                               | add and remove (the `ng-active`/`ng-inactive` classes)                    |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngModel#animations ngModel}                               | add and remove ({@link ng.directive:ngModel#css-classes various classes}) |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat#animations ngRepeat}                             | enter, leave, and move                                                    |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngShow#animations ngShow}                                 | add and remove (the `ng-hide` class)                                      |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngSwitch#animations ngSwitch}                             | enter and leave                                                           |
+ * | {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView#animations ngView}                            | enter and leave                                                           |
+ *
+ * (More information can be found by visiting the documentation associated with each directive.)
+ *
+ * For a full breakdown of the steps involved during each animation event, refer to the
+ * {@link ng.$animate `$animate` API docs}.
  *
  * ## CSS-based Animations
  *
  * CSS-based animations with ngAnimate are unique since they require no JavaScript code at all. By using a CSS class that we reference between our HTML
- * and CSS code we can create an animation that will be picked up by Angular when an the underlying directive performs an operation.
+ * and CSS code we can create an animation that will be picked up by AngularJS when an underlying directive performs an operation.
  *
  * The example below shows how an `enter` animation can be made possible on an element using `ng-if`:
  *
@@ -3543,6 +3585,10 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  *   /&#42; As of 1.4.4, this must always be set: it signals ngAnimate
  *     to not accidentally inherit a delay property from another CSS class &#42;/
  *   transition-duration: 0s;
+ *
+ *   /&#42; if you are using animations instead of transitions you should configure as follows:
+ *     animation-delay: 0.1s;
+ *     animation-duration: 0s; &#42;/
  * }
  * .my-animation.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
  *   /&#42; standard transition styles &#42;/
@@ -3631,9 +3677,22 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  * .message.ng-enter-prepare {
  *   opacity: 0;
  * }
- *
  * ```
  *
+ * ### Animating between value changes
+ *
+ * Sometimes you need to animate between different expression states, whose values
+ * don't necessary need to be known or referenced in CSS styles.
+ * Unless possible with another {@link ngAnimate#directive-support "animation aware" directive},
+ * that specific use case can always be covered with {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap} as
+ * can be seen in {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap#examples this example}.
+ *
+ * Note that {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap} is a *structural directive*, which means it
+ * creates a new instance of the element (including any other/child directives it may have) and
+ * links it to a new scope every time *swap* happens. In some cases this might not be desirable
+ * (e.g. for performance reasons, or when you wish to retain internal state on the original
+ * element instance).
+ *
  * ## JavaScript-based Animations
  *
  * ngAnimate also allows for animations to be consumed by JavaScript code. The approach is similar to CSS-based animations (where there is a shared
@@ -3658,7 +3717,7 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  *     enter: function(element, doneFn) {
  *       jQuery(element).fadeIn(1000, doneFn);
  *
- *       // remember to call doneFn so that angular
+ *       // remember to call doneFn so that AngularJS
  *       // knows that the animation has concluded
  *     },
  *
@@ -3706,7 +3765,7 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  *
  * ## CSS + JS Animations Together
  *
- * AngularJS 1.4 and higher has taken steps to make the amalgamation of CSS and JS animations more flexible. However, unlike earlier versions of Angular,
+ * AngularJS 1.4 and higher has taken steps to make the amalgamation of CSS and JS animations more flexible. However, unlike earlier versions of AngularJS,
  * defining CSS and JS animations to work off of the same CSS class will not work anymore. Therefore the example below will only result in **JS animations taking
  * charge of the animation**:
  *
@@ -3898,7 +3957,7 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
            deps="angular-animate.js;angular-route.js"
            animations="true">
     <file name="index.html">
-      <a href="#/">Home</a>
+      <a href="#!/">Home</a>
       <hr />
       <div class="view-container">
         <div ng-view class="view"></div>
@@ -3918,22 +3977,23 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
         }])
         .run(['$rootScope', function($rootScope) {
           $rootScope.records = [
-            { id:1, title: "Miss Beulah Roob" },
-            { id:2, title: "Trent Morissette" },
-            { id:3, title: "Miss Ava Pouros" },
-            { id:4, title: "Rod Pouros" },
-            { id:5, title: "Abdul Rice" },
-            { id:6, title: "Laurie Rutherford Sr." },
-            { id:7, title: "Nakia McLaughlin" },
-            { id:8, title: "Jordon Blanda DVM" },
-            { id:9, title: "Rhoda Hand" },
-            { id:10, title: "Alexandrea Sauer" }
+            { id: 1, title: 'Miss Beulah Roob' },
+            { id: 2, title: 'Trent Morissette' },
+            { id: 3, title: 'Miss Ava Pouros' },
+            { id: 4, title: 'Rod Pouros' },
+            { id: 5, title: 'Abdul Rice' },
+            { id: 6, title: 'Laurie Rutherford Sr.' },
+            { id: 7, title: 'Nakia McLaughlin' },
+            { id: 8, title: 'Jordon Blanda DVM' },
+            { id: 9, title: 'Rhoda Hand' },
+            { id: 10, title: 'Alexandrea Sauer' }
           ];
         }])
         .controller('HomeController', [function() {
           //empty
         }])
-        .controller('ProfileController', ['$rootScope', '$routeParams', function($rootScope, $routeParams) {
+        .controller('ProfileController', ['$rootScope', '$routeParams',
+            function ProfileController($rootScope, $routeParams) {
           var index = parseInt($routeParams.id, 10);
           var record = $rootScope.records[index - 1];
 
@@ -3945,7 +4005,7 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
       <h2>Welcome to the home page</h1>
       <p>Please click on an element</p>
       <a class="record"
-         ng-href="#/profile/{{ record.id }}"
+         ng-href="#!/profile/{{ record.id }}"
          ng-animate-ref="{{ record.id }}"
          ng-repeat="record in records">
         {{ record.title }}
@@ -4021,7 +4081,7 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  *
  * ## Using $animate in your directive code
  *
- * So far we've explored how to feed in animations into an Angular application, but how do we trigger animations within our own directives in our application?
+ * So far we've explored how to feed in animations into an AngularJS application, but how do we trigger animations within our own directives in our application?
  * By injecting the `$animate` service into our directive code, we can trigger structural and class-based hooks which can then be consumed by animations. Let's
  * imagine we have a greeting box that shows and hides itself when the data changes
  *
@@ -4064,7 +4124,7 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  * });
  * ```
  *
- * (Note that earlier versions of Angular prior to v1.4 required the promise code to be wrapped using `$scope.$apply(...)`. This is not the case
+ * (Note that earlier versions of AngularJS prior to v1.4 required the promise code to be wrapped using `$scope.$apply(...)`. This is not the case
  * anymore.)
  *
  * In addition to the animation promise, we can also make use of animation-related callbacks within our directives and controller code by registering
@@ -4079,7 +4139,7 @@ var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', '$rootScope', function($animate, $root
  * }])
  * ```
  *
- * (Note that you will need to trigger a digest within the callback to get angular to notice any scope-related changes.)
+ * (Note that you will need to trigger a digest within the callback to get AngularJS to notice any scope-related changes.)
  */
 
 var copy;
@@ -4106,7 +4166,7 @@ var noop;
  * Click here {@link ng.$animate to learn more about animations with `$animate`}.
  */
 angular.module('ngAnimate', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
-  // Access helpers from angular core.
+  // Access helpers from AngularJS core.
   // Do it inside a `config` block to ensure `window.angular` is available.
   noop        = angular.noop;
   copy        = angular.copy;
@@ -4121,12 +4181,14 @@ angular.module('ngAnimate', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
   isFunction  = angular.isFunction;
   isElement   = angular.isElement;
 })
+  .info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' })
   .directive('ngAnimateSwap', ngAnimateSwapDirective)
 
   .directive('ngAnimateChildren', $$AnimateChildrenDirective)
   .factory('$$rAFScheduler', $$rAFSchedulerFactory)
 
   .provider('$$animateQueue', $$AnimateQueueProvider)
+  .provider('$$animateCache', $$AnimateCacheProvider)
   .provider('$$animation', $$AnimationProvider)
 
   .provider('$animateCss', $AnimateCssProvider)
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-aria.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-aria.js
index e9048c6..cc0f6f6 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-aria.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-aria.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -15,30 +15,28 @@
  * attributes that convey state or semantic information about the application for users
  * of assistive technologies, such as screen readers.
  *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngAria"></div>
- *
  * ## Usage
  *
  * For ngAria to do its magic, simply include the module `ngAria` as a dependency. The following
  * directives are supported:
- * `ngModel`, `ngChecked`, `ngReadonly`, `ngRequired`, `ngValue`, `ngDisabled`, `ngShow`, `ngHide`, `ngClick`,
- * `ngDblClick`, and `ngMessages`.
+ * `ngModel`, `ngChecked`, `ngReadonly`, `ngRequired`, `ngValue`, `ngDisabled`, `ngShow`, `ngHide`,
+ * `ngClick`, `ngDblClick`, and `ngMessages`.
  *
  * Below is a more detailed breakdown of the attributes handled by ngAria:
  *
- * | Directive                                   | Supported Attributes                                                                   |
- * |---------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | Directive                                   | Supported Attributes                                                                                |
+ * |---------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  * | {@link ng.directive:ngModel ngModel}        | aria-checked, aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax, aria-valuenow, aria-invalid, aria-required, input roles |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngDisabled ngDisabled}  | aria-disabled                                                                          |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngRequired ngRequired}  | aria-required
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngChecked ngChecked}    | aria-checked
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngReadonly ngReadonly}  | aria-readonly                                                                          |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngValue ngValue}        | aria-checked                                                                           |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngShow ngShow}          | aria-hidden                                                                            |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngHide ngHide}          | aria-hidden                                                                            |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngDblclick ngDblclick}  | tabindex                                                                               |
- * | {@link module:ngMessages ngMessages}        | aria-live                                                                              |
- * | {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}        | tabindex, keypress event, button role                                                  |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngDisabled ngDisabled}  | aria-disabled                                                                                       |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngRequired ngRequired}  | aria-required                                                                                       |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngChecked ngChecked}    | aria-checked                                                                                        |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngReadonly ngReadonly}  | aria-readonly                                                                                       |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngValue ngValue}        | aria-checked                                                                                        |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngShow ngShow}          | aria-hidden                                                                                         |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngHide ngHide}          | aria-hidden                                                                                         |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngDblclick ngDblclick}  | tabindex                                                                                            |
+ * | {@link module:ngMessages ngMessages}        | aria-live                                                                                           |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}        | tabindex, keydown event, button role                                                                |
  *
  * Find out more information about each directive by reading the
  * {@link guide/accessibility ngAria Developer Guide}.
@@ -53,19 +51,25 @@
  * <md-checkbox ng-disabled="disabled" aria-disabled="true">
  * ```
  *
- * ## Disabling Attributes
- * It's possible to disable individual attributes added by ngAria with the
+ * ## Disabling Specific Attributes
+ * It is possible to disable individual attributes added by ngAria with the
  * {@link ngAria.$ariaProvider#config config} method. For more details, see the
  * {@link guide/accessibility Developer Guide}.
+ *
+ * ## Disabling `ngAria` on Specific Elements
+ * It is possible to make `ngAria` ignore a specific element, by adding the `ng-aria-disable`
+ * attribute on it. Note that only the element itself (and not its child elements) will be ignored.
  */
- /* global -ngAriaModule */
+var ARIA_DISABLE_ATTR = 'ngAriaDisable';
+
 var ngAriaModule = angular.module('ngAria', ['ng']).
+                        info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' }).
                         provider('$aria', $AriaProvider);
 
 /**
 * Internal Utilities
 */
-var nodeBlackList = ['BUTTON', 'A', 'INPUT', 'TEXTAREA', 'SELECT', 'DETAILS', 'SUMMARY'];
+var nativeAriaNodeNames = ['BUTTON', 'A', 'INPUT', 'TEXTAREA', 'SELECT', 'DETAILS', 'SUMMARY'];
 
 var isNodeOneOf = function(elem, nodeTypeArray) {
   if (nodeTypeArray.indexOf(elem[0].nodeName) !== -1) {
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ var isNodeOneOf = function(elem, nodeTypeArray) {
 /**
  * @ngdoc provider
  * @name $ariaProvider
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  *
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ function $AriaProvider() {
     ariaInvalid: true,
     ariaValue: true,
     tabindex: true,
-    bindKeypress: true,
+    bindKeydown: true,
     bindRoleForClick: true
   };
 
@@ -119,12 +124,15 @@ function $AriaProvider() {
    *  - **ariaDisabled** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables aria-disabled tags
    *  - **ariaRequired** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables aria-required tags
    *  - **ariaInvalid** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables aria-invalid tags
-   *  - **ariaValue** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax and aria-valuenow tags
+   *  - **ariaValue** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax and
+   *    aria-valuenow tags
    *  - **tabindex** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables tabindex tags
-   *  - **bindKeypress** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables keypress event binding on `div` and
-   *    `li` elements with ng-click
-   *  - **bindRoleForClick** – `{boolean}` – Adds role=button to non-interactive elements like `div`
-   *    using ng-click, making them more accessible to users of assistive technologies
+   *  - **bindKeydown** – `{boolean}` – Enables/disables keyboard event binding on non-interactive
+   *    elements (such as `div` or `li`) using ng-click, making them more accessible to users of
+   *    assistive technologies
+   *  - **bindRoleForClick** – `{boolean}` – Adds role=button to non-interactive elements (such as
+   *    `div` or `li`) using ng-click, making them more accessible to users of assistive
+   *    technologies
    *
    * @description
    * Enables/disables various ARIA attributes
@@ -133,10 +141,12 @@ function $AriaProvider() {
     config = angular.extend(config, newConfig);
   };
 
-  function watchExpr(attrName, ariaAttr, nodeBlackList, negate) {
+  function watchExpr(attrName, ariaAttr, nativeAriaNodeNames, negate) {
     return function(scope, elem, attr) {
+      if (attr.hasOwnProperty(ARIA_DISABLE_ATTR)) return;
+
       var ariaCamelName = attr.$normalize(ariaAttr);
-      if (config[ariaCamelName] && !isNodeOneOf(elem, nodeBlackList) && !attr[ariaCamelName]) {
+      if (config[ariaCamelName] && !isNodeOneOf(elem, nativeAriaNodeNames) && !attr[ariaCamelName]) {
         scope.$watch(attr[attrName], function(boolVal) {
           // ensure boolean value
           boolVal = negate ? !boolVal : !!boolVal;
@@ -150,7 +160,6 @@ function $AriaProvider() {
    * @name $aria
    *
    * @description
-   * @priority 200
    *
    * The $aria service contains helper methods for applying common
    * [ARIA](http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/) attributes to HTML directives.
@@ -161,7 +170,7 @@ function $AriaProvider() {
    *
    *```js
    * ngAriaModule.directive('ngDisabled', ['$aria', function($aria) {
-   *   return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngDisabled', 'aria-disabled', nodeBlackList, false);
+   *   return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngDisabled', 'aria-disabled', nativeAriaNodeNames, false);
    * }])
    *```
    * Shown above, the ngAria module creates a directive with the same signature as the
@@ -213,28 +222,31 @@ ngAriaModule.directive('ngShow', ['$aria', function($aria) {
   return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngHide', 'aria-hidden', [], false);
 }])
 .directive('ngValue', ['$aria', function($aria) {
-  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngValue', 'aria-checked', nodeBlackList, false);
+  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngValue', 'aria-checked', nativeAriaNodeNames, false);
 }])
 .directive('ngChecked', ['$aria', function($aria) {
-  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngChecked', 'aria-checked', nodeBlackList, false);
+  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngChecked', 'aria-checked', nativeAriaNodeNames, false);
 }])
 .directive('ngReadonly', ['$aria', function($aria) {
-  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngReadonly', 'aria-readonly', nodeBlackList, false);
+  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngReadonly', 'aria-readonly', nativeAriaNodeNames, false);
 }])
 .directive('ngRequired', ['$aria', function($aria) {
-  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngRequired', 'aria-required', nodeBlackList, false);
+  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngRequired', 'aria-required', nativeAriaNodeNames, false);
 }])
 .directive('ngModel', ['$aria', function($aria) {
 
-  function shouldAttachAttr(attr, normalizedAttr, elem, allowBlacklistEls) {
-    return $aria.config(normalizedAttr) && !elem.attr(attr) && (allowBlacklistEls || !isNodeOneOf(elem, nodeBlackList));
+  function shouldAttachAttr(attr, normalizedAttr, elem, allowNonAriaNodes) {
+    return $aria.config(normalizedAttr) &&
+      !elem.attr(attr) &&
+      (allowNonAriaNodes || !isNodeOneOf(elem, nativeAriaNodeNames)) &&
+      (elem.attr('type') !== 'hidden' || elem[0].nodeName !== 'INPUT');
   }
 
   function shouldAttachRole(role, elem) {
     // if element does not have role attribute
     // AND element type is equal to role (if custom element has a type equaling shape) <-- remove?
-    // AND element is not INPUT
-    return !elem.attr('role') && (elem.attr('type') === role) && (elem[0].nodeName !== 'INPUT');
+    // AND element is not in nativeAriaNodeNames
+    return !elem.attr('role') && (elem.attr('type') === role) && !isNodeOneOf(elem, nativeAriaNodeNames);
   }
 
   function getShape(attr, elem) {
@@ -251,17 +263,11 @@ ngAriaModule.directive('ngShow', ['$aria', function($aria) {
     require: 'ngModel',
     priority: 200, //Make sure watches are fired after any other directives that affect the ngModel value
     compile: function(elem, attr) {
+      if (attr.hasOwnProperty(ARIA_DISABLE_ATTR)) return;
+
       var shape = getShape(attr, elem);
 
       return {
-        pre: function(scope, elem, attr, ngModel) {
-          if (shape === 'checkbox') {
-            //Use the input[checkbox] $isEmpty implementation for elements with checkbox roles
-            ngModel.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-              return value === false;
-            };
-          }
-        },
         post: function(scope, elem, attr, ngModel) {
           var needsTabIndex = shouldAttachAttr('tabindex', 'tabindex', elem, false);
 
@@ -270,6 +276,8 @@ ngAriaModule.directive('ngShow', ['$aria', function($aria) {
           }
 
           function getRadioReaction(newVal) {
+            // Strict comparison would cause a BC
+            // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
             var boolVal = (attr.value == ngModel.$viewValue);
             elem.attr('aria-checked', boolVal);
           }
@@ -346,13 +354,15 @@ ngAriaModule.directive('ngShow', ['$aria', function($aria) {
   };
 }])
 .directive('ngDisabled', ['$aria', function($aria) {
-  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngDisabled', 'aria-disabled', nodeBlackList, false);
+  return $aria.$$watchExpr('ngDisabled', 'aria-disabled', nativeAriaNodeNames, false);
 }])
 .directive('ngMessages', function() {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
     require: '?ngMessages',
     link: function(scope, elem, attr, ngMessages) {
+      if (attr.hasOwnProperty(ARIA_DISABLE_ATTR)) return;
+
       if (!elem.attr('aria-live')) {
         elem.attr('aria-live', 'assertive');
       }
@@ -363,10 +373,12 @@ ngAriaModule.directive('ngShow', ['$aria', function($aria) {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
     compile: function(elem, attr) {
-      var fn = $parse(attr.ngClick, /* interceptorFn */ null, /* expensiveChecks */ true);
+      if (attr.hasOwnProperty(ARIA_DISABLE_ATTR)) return;
+
+      var fn = $parse(attr.ngClick);
       return function(scope, elem, attr) {
 
-        if (!isNodeOneOf(elem, nodeBlackList)) {
+        if (!isNodeOneOf(elem, nativeAriaNodeNames)) {
 
           if ($aria.config('bindRoleForClick') && !elem.attr('role')) {
             elem.attr('role', 'button');
@@ -376,10 +388,17 @@ ngAriaModule.directive('ngShow', ['$aria', function($aria) {
             elem.attr('tabindex', 0);
           }
 
-          if ($aria.config('bindKeypress') && !attr.ngKeypress) {
-            elem.on('keypress', function(event) {
+          if ($aria.config('bindKeydown') && !attr.ngKeydown && !attr.ngKeypress && !attr.ngKeyup) {
+            elem.on('keydown', function(event) {
               var keyCode = event.which || event.keyCode;
-              if (keyCode === 32 || keyCode === 13) {
+
+              if (keyCode === 13 || keyCode === 32) {
+                // If the event is triggered on a non-interactive element ...
+                if (nativeAriaNodeNames.indexOf(event.target.nodeName) === -1 && !event.target.isContentEditable) {
+                  // ... prevent the default browser behavior (e.g. scrolling when pressing spacebar)
+                  // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16664
+                  event.preventDefault();
+                }
                 scope.$apply(callback);
               }
 
@@ -395,7 +414,9 @@ ngAriaModule.directive('ngShow', ['$aria', function($aria) {
 }])
 .directive('ngDblclick', ['$aria', function($aria) {
   return function(scope, elem, attr) {
-    if ($aria.config('tabindex') && !elem.attr('tabindex') && !isNodeOneOf(elem, nodeBlackList)) {
+    if (attr.hasOwnProperty(ARIA_DISABLE_ATTR)) return;
+
+    if ($aria.config('tabindex') && !elem.attr('tabindex') && !isNodeOneOf(elem, nativeAriaNodeNames)) {
       elem.attr('tabindex', 0);
     }
   };
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-cookies.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-cookies.js
index a03ff49..a1dac51 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-cookies.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-cookies.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -10,25 +10,21 @@
  * @name ngCookies
  * @description
  *
- * # ngCookies
- *
  * The `ngCookies` module provides a convenient wrapper for reading and writing browser cookies.
  *
- *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngCookies"></div>
- *
  * See {@link ngCookies.$cookies `$cookies`} for usage.
  */
 
 
 angular.module('ngCookies', ['ng']).
+  info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' }).
   /**
    * @ngdoc provider
    * @name $cookiesProvider
    * @description
    * Use `$cookiesProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ngCookies.$cookies $cookies} service.
    * */
-   provider('$cookies', [function $CookiesProvider() {
+   provider('$cookies', [/** @this */function $CookiesProvider() {
     /**
      * @ngdoc property
      * @name $cookiesProvider#defaults
@@ -47,10 +43,24 @@ angular.module('ngCookies', ['ng']).
      *   or a Date object indicating the exact date/time this cookie will expire.
      * - **secure** - `{boolean}` - If `true`, then the cookie will only be available through a
      *   secured connection.
+     * - **samesite** - `{string}` - prevents the browser from sending the cookie along with cross-site requests.
+     *   Accepts the values `lax` and `strict`. See the [OWASP Wiki](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/SameSite)
+     *   for more info. Note that as of May 2018, not all browsers support `SameSite`,
+     *   so it cannot be used as a single measure against Cross-Site-Request-Forgery (CSRF) attacks.
      *
      * Note: By default, the address that appears in your `<base>` tag will be used as the path.
      * This is important so that cookies will be visible for all routes when html5mode is enabled.
      *
+     * @example
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * angular.module('cookiesProviderExample', ['ngCookies'])
+     *   .config(['$cookiesProvider', function($cookiesProvider) {
+     *     // Setting default options
+     *     $cookiesProvider.defaults.domain = 'foo.com';
+     *     $cookiesProvider.defaults.secure = true;
+     *   }]);
+     * ```
      **/
     var defaults = this.defaults = {};
 
@@ -66,7 +76,7 @@ angular.module('ngCookies', ['ng']).
      * Provides read/write access to browser's cookies.
      *
      * <div class="alert alert-info">
-     * Up until Angular 1.3, `$cookies` exposed properties that represented the
+     * Up until AngularJS 1.3, `$cookies` exposed properties that represented the
      * current browser cookie values. In version 1.4, this behavior has changed, and
      * `$cookies` now provides a standard api of getters, setters etc.
      * </div>
@@ -179,86 +189,6 @@ angular.module('ngCookies', ['ng']).
     }];
   }]);
 
-angular.module('ngCookies').
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $cookieStore
- * @deprecated
- * @requires $cookies
- *
- * @description
- * Provides a key-value (string-object) storage, that is backed by session cookies.
- * Objects put or retrieved from this storage are automatically serialized or
- * deserialized by angular's toJson/fromJson.
- *
- * Requires the {@link ngCookies `ngCookies`} module to be installed.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * **Note:** The $cookieStore service is **deprecated**.
- * Please use the {@link ngCookies.$cookies `$cookies`} service instead.
- * </div>
- *
- * @example
- *
- * ```js
- * angular.module('cookieStoreExample', ['ngCookies'])
- *   .controller('ExampleController', ['$cookieStore', function($cookieStore) {
- *     // Put cookie
- *     $cookieStore.put('myFavorite','oatmeal');
- *     // Get cookie
- *     var favoriteCookie = $cookieStore.get('myFavorite');
- *     // Removing a cookie
- *     $cookieStore.remove('myFavorite');
- *   }]);
- * ```
- */
- factory('$cookieStore', ['$cookies', function($cookies) {
-
-    return {
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $cookieStore#get
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Returns the value of given cookie key
-       *
-       * @param {string} key Id to use for lookup.
-       * @returns {Object} Deserialized cookie value, undefined if the cookie does not exist.
-       */
-      get: function(key) {
-        return $cookies.getObject(key);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $cookieStore#put
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Sets a value for given cookie key
-       *
-       * @param {string} key Id for the `value`.
-       * @param {Object} value Value to be stored.
-       */
-      put: function(key, value) {
-        $cookies.putObject(key, value);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $cookieStore#remove
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Remove given cookie
-       *
-       * @param {string} key Id of the key-value pair to delete.
-       */
-      remove: function(key) {
-        $cookies.remove(key);
-      }
-    };
-
-  }]);
-
 /**
  * @name $$cookieWriter
  * @requires $document
@@ -292,6 +222,7 @@ function $$CookieWriter($document, $log, $browser) {
     str += options.domain ? ';domain=' + options.domain : '';
     str += expires ? ';expires=' + expires.toUTCString() : '';
     str += options.secure ? ';secure' : '';
+    str += options.samesite ? ';samesite=' + options.samesite : '';
 
     // per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt browser must allow at minimum:
     // - 300 cookies
@@ -299,9 +230,9 @@ function $$CookieWriter($document, $log, $browser) {
     // - 4096 bytes per cookie
     var cookieLength = str.length + 1;
     if (cookieLength > 4096) {
-      $log.warn("Cookie '" + name +
-        "' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large (" +
-        cookieLength + " > 4096 bytes)!");
+      $log.warn('Cookie \'' + name +
+        '\' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large (' +
+        cookieLength + ' > 4096 bytes)!');
     }
 
     return str;
@@ -314,7 +245,7 @@ function $$CookieWriter($document, $log, $browser) {
 
 $$CookieWriter.$inject = ['$document', '$log', '$browser'];
 
-angular.module('ngCookies').provider('$$cookieWriter', function $$CookieWriterProvider() {
+angular.module('ngCookies').provider('$$cookieWriter', /** @this */ function $$CookieWriterProvider() {
   this.$get = $$CookieWriter;
 });
 
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-loader.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-loader.js
index b005220..77111d5 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-loader.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-loader.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 
@@ -9,9 +9,17 @@
 
 /* global toDebugString: true */
 
-function serializeObject(obj) {
+function serializeObject(obj, maxDepth) {
   var seen = [];
 
+  // There is no direct way to stringify object until reaching a specific depth
+  // and a very deep object can cause a performance issue, so we copy the object
+  // based on this specific depth and then stringify it.
+  if (isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth)) {
+    // This file is also included in `angular-loader`, so `copy()` might not always be available in
+    // the closure. Therefore, it is lazily retrieved as `angular.copy()` when needed.
+    obj = angular.copy(obj, null, maxDepth);
+  }
   return JSON.stringify(obj, function(key, val) {
     val = toJsonReplacer(key, val);
     if (isObject(val)) {
@@ -24,13 +32,13 @@ function serializeObject(obj) {
   });
 }
 
-function toDebugString(obj) {
+function toDebugString(obj, maxDepth) {
   if (typeof obj === 'function') {
     return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
   } else if (isUndefined(obj)) {
     return 'undefined';
   } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
-    return serializeObject(obj);
+    return serializeObject(obj, maxDepth);
   }
   return obj;
 }
@@ -39,7 +47,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
  * @description
  *
  * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
- * Angular. It can be called as follows:
+ * AngularJS. It can be called as follows:
  *
  * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
  * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
@@ -56,7 +64,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
  * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
  * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
  * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
- * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
+ * using minErr('namespace'). Error codes, namespaces and template strings
  * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
  *
  * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
@@ -67,32 +75,41 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
 
 function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
   ErrorConstructor = ErrorConstructor || Error;
-  return function() {
-    var SKIP_INDEXES = 2;
 
-    var templateArgs = arguments,
-      code = templateArgs[0],
+  var url = 'https://errors.angularjs.org/"1.8.2"/';
+  var regex = url.replace('.', '\\.') + '[\\s\\S]*';
+  var errRegExp = new RegExp(regex, 'g');
+
+  return function() {
+    var code = arguments[0],
+      template = arguments[1],
       message = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
-      template = templateArgs[1],
+      templateArgs = sliceArgs(arguments, 2).map(function(arg) {
+        return toDebugString(arg, minErrConfig.objectMaxDepth);
+      }),
       paramPrefix, i;
 
+    // A minErr message has two parts: the message itself and the url that contains the
+    // encoded message.
+    // The message's parameters can contain other error messages which also include error urls.
+    // To prevent the messages from getting too long, we strip the error urls from the parameters.
+
     message += template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function(match) {
-      var index = +match.slice(1, -1),
-        shiftedIndex = index + SKIP_INDEXES;
+      var index = +match.slice(1, -1);
 
-      if (shiftedIndex < templateArgs.length) {
-        return toDebugString(templateArgs[shiftedIndex]);
+      if (index < templateArgs.length) {
+        return templateArgs[index].replace(errRegExp, '');
       }
 
       return match;
     });
 
-    message += '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.5.8/' +
-      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
+    message += '\n' + url + (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
 
-    for (i = SKIP_INDEXES, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
-      message += paramPrefix + 'p' + (i - SKIP_INDEXES) + '=' +
-        encodeURIComponent(toDebugString(templateArgs[i]));
+    if (minErrConfig.urlErrorParamsEnabled) {
+      for (i = 0, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
+        message += paramPrefix + 'p' + i + '=' + encodeURIComponent(templateArgs[i]);
+      }
     }
 
     return new ErrorConstructor(message);
@@ -105,7 +122,7 @@ function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
  * @module ng
  * @description
  *
- * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
+ * Interface for configuring AngularJS {@link angular.module modules}.
  */
 
 function setupModuleLoader(window) {
@@ -132,9 +149,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
      * @module ng
      * @description
      *
-     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
+     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving AngularJS
      * modules.
-     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
+     * All modules (AngularJS core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
      * registered using this mechanism.
      *
      * Passing one argument retrieves an existing {@link angular.Module},
@@ -178,6 +195,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
      * @returns {angular.Module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
      */
     return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
+
+      var info = {};
+
       var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
         if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
           throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
@@ -190,9 +210,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
       }
       return ensure(modules, name, function() {
         if (!requires) {
-          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
-             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
-             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
+          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', 'Module \'{0}\' is not available! You either misspelled ' +
+             'the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you ' +
+             'specify the dependencies as the second argument.', name);
         }
 
         /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
@@ -213,6 +233,45 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
           _configBlocks: configBlocks,
           _runBlocks: runBlocks,
 
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#info
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @param {Object=} info Information about the module
+           * @returns {Object|Module} The current info object for this module if called as a getter,
+           *                          or `this` if called as a setter.
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Read and write custom information about this module.
+           * For example you could put the version of the module in here.
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * angular.module('myModule', []).info({ version: '1.0.0' });
+           * ```
+           *
+           * The version could then be read back out by accessing the module elsewhere:
+           *
+           * ```
+           * var version = angular.module('myModule').info().version;
+           * ```
+           *
+           * You can also retrieve this information during runtime via the
+           * {@link $injector#modules `$injector.modules`} property:
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * var version = $injector.modules['myModule'].info().version;
+           * ```
+           */
+          info: function(value) {
+            if (isDefined(value)) {
+              if (!isObject(value)) throw ngMinErr('aobj', 'Argument \'{0}\' must be an object', 'value');
+              info = value;
+              return this;
+            }
+            return info;
+          },
+
           /**
            * @ngdoc property
            * @name angular.Module#requires
@@ -302,7 +361,7 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @description
            * See {@link auto.$provide#decorator $provide.decorator()}.
            */
-          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator'),
+          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator', configBlocks),
 
           /**
            * @ngdoc method
@@ -342,13 +401,13 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @ngdoc method
            * @name angular.Module#filter
            * @module ng
-           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid angular expression identifier
+           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid AngularJS expression identifier
            * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
            * @description
            * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
            *
            * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
            * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
            * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
            * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
@@ -385,7 +444,8 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @ngdoc method
            * @name angular.Module#component
            * @module ng
-           * @param {string} name Name of the component in camel-case (i.e. myComp which will match as my-comp)
+           * @param {string|Object} name Name of the component in camelCase (i.e. `myComp` which will match `<my-comp>`),
+           *    or an object map of components where the keys are the names and the values are the component definition objects.
            * @param {Object} options Component definition object (a simplified
            *    {@link ng.$compile#directive-definition-object directive definition object})
            *
@@ -401,7 +461,13 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
            *    configuration.
            * @description
-           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
+           * Use this method to configure services by injecting their
+           * {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`}, e.g. for adding routes to the
+           * {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider $routeProvider}.
+           *
+           * Note that you can only inject {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`} and
+           * {@link angular.Module#constant `constants`} into this function.
+           *
            * For more about how to configure services, see
            * {@link providers#provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
            */
@@ -448,10 +514,11 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
          * @param {string} method
          * @returns {angular.Module}
          */
-        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method) {
+        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method, queue) {
+          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
           return function(recipeName, factoryFunction) {
             if (factoryFunction && isFunction(factoryFunction)) factoryFunction.$$moduleName = name;
-            invokeQueue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
+            queue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
             return moduleInstance;
           };
         }
@@ -481,4 +548,3 @@ setupModuleLoader(window);
  * } }
  */
 angular.Module;
-
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-message-format.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-message-format.js
index f128916..09ccb57 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-message-format.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-message-format.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -13,22 +13,14 @@
 /* global isFunction: false */
 /* global noop: false */
 /* global toJson: false */
-
-function stringify(value) {
-  if (value == null /* null/undefined */) { return ''; }
-  switch (typeof value) {
-    case 'string':     return value;
-    case 'number':     return '' + value;
-    default:           return toJson(value);
-  }
-}
+/* global $$stringify: false */
 
 // Convert an index into the string into line/column for use in error messages
 // As such, this doesn't have to be efficient.
 function indexToLineAndColumn(text, index) {
   var lines = text.split(/\n/g);
-  for (var i=0; i < lines.length; i++) {
-    var line=lines[i];
+  for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    var line = lines[i];
     if (index >= line.length) {
       index -= line.length;
     } else {
@@ -47,7 +39,7 @@ function parseTextLiteral(text) {
   parsedFn['$$watchDelegate'] = function watchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality) {
     var unwatch = scope['$watch'](noop,
         function textLiteralWatcher() {
-          if (isFunction(listener)) { listener.call(null, text, text, scope); }
+          listener(text, text, scope);
           unwatch();
         },
         objectEquality);
@@ -64,14 +56,14 @@ function subtractOffset(expressionFn, offset) {
     return expressionFn;
   }
   function minusOffset(value) {
-    return (value == void 0) ? value : value - offset;
+    return (value == null) ? value : value - offset;
   }
   function parsedFn(context) { return minusOffset(expressionFn(context)); }
   var unwatch;
   parsedFn['$$watchDelegate'] = function watchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality) {
     unwatch = scope['$watch'](expressionFn,
         function pluralExpressionWatchListener(newValue, oldValue) {
-          if (isFunction(listener)) { listener.call(null, minusOffset(newValue), minusOffset(oldValue), scope); }
+          listener(minusOffset(newValue), minusOffset(oldValue), scope);
         },
         objectEquality);
     return unwatch;
@@ -96,7 +88,7 @@ function MessageSelectorBase(expressionFn, choices) {
   var self = this;
   this.expressionFn = expressionFn;
   this.choices = choices;
-  if (choices["other"] === void 0) {
+  if (choices['other'] === undefined) {
     throw $interpolateMinErr('reqother', '“other” is a required option.');
   }
   this.parsedFn = function(context) { return self.getResult(context); };
@@ -130,7 +122,7 @@ function MessageSelectorWatchers(msgSelector, scope, listener, objectEquality) {
   this.msgSelector = msgSelector;
   this.listener = listener;
   this.objectEquality = objectEquality;
-  this.lastMessage = void 0;
+  this.lastMessage = undefined;
   this.messageFnWatcher = noop;
   var expressionFnListener = function(newValue, oldValue) { return self.expressionFnListener(newValue, oldValue); };
   this.expressionFnWatcher = scope['$watch'](msgSelector.expressionFn, expressionFnListener, objectEquality);
@@ -145,9 +137,7 @@ MessageSelectorWatchers.prototype.expressionFnListener = function expressionFnLi
 };
 
 MessageSelectorWatchers.prototype.messageFnListener = function messageFnListener(newMessage, oldMessage) {
-  if (isFunction(this.listener)) {
-    this.listener.call(null, newMessage, newMessage === oldMessage ? newMessage : this.lastMessage, this.scope);
-  }
+  this.listener.call(null, newMessage, newMessage === oldMessage ? newMessage : this.lastMessage, this.scope);
   this.lastMessage = newMessage;
 };
 
@@ -170,7 +160,7 @@ SelectMessageProto.prototype = MessageSelectorBase.prototype;
 
 SelectMessage.prototype = new SelectMessageProto();
 SelectMessage.prototype.categorizeValue = function categorizeSelectValue(value) {
-  return (this.choices[value] !== void 0) ? value : "other";
+  return (this.choices[value] !== undefined) ? value : 'other';
 };
 
 /**
@@ -190,12 +180,12 @@ PluralMessageProto.prototype = MessageSelectorBase.prototype;
 PluralMessage.prototype = new PluralMessageProto();
 PluralMessage.prototype.categorizeValue = function categorizePluralValue(value) {
   if (isNaN(value)) {
-    return "other";
-  } else if (this.choices[value] !== void 0) {
+    return 'other';
+  } else if (this.choices[value] !== undefined) {
     return value;
   } else {
     var category = this.pluralCat(value - this.offset);
-    return (this.choices[category] !== void 0) ? category : "other";
+    return (this.choices[category] !== undefined) ? category : 'other';
   }
 };
 
@@ -264,7 +254,7 @@ InterpolationParts.prototype.getExpressionValues = function getExpressionValues(
 InterpolationParts.prototype.getResult = function getResult(expressionValues) {
   for (var i = 0; i < this.expressionIndices.length; i++) {
     var expressionValue = expressionValues[i];
-    if (this.allOrNothing && expressionValue === void 0) return;
+    if (this.allOrNothing && expressionValue === undefined) return;
     this.textParts[this.expressionIndices[i]] = expressionValue;
   }
   return this.textParts.join('');
@@ -275,7 +265,7 @@ InterpolationParts.prototype.toParsedFn = function toParsedFn(mustHaveExpression
   var self = this;
   this.flushPartialText();
   if (mustHaveExpression && this.expressionFns.length === 0) {
-    return void 0;
+    return undefined;
   }
   if (this.textParts.length === 0) {
     return parseTextLiteral('');
@@ -284,7 +274,7 @@ InterpolationParts.prototype.toParsedFn = function toParsedFn(mustHaveExpression
     $interpolateMinErr['throwNoconcat'](originalText);
   }
   if (this.expressionFns.length === 0) {
-    if (this.textParts.length != 1) { this.errorInParseLogic(); }
+    if (this.textParts.length !== 1) { this.errorInParseLogic(); }
     return parseTextLiteral(this.textParts[0]);
   }
   var parsedFn = function(context) {
@@ -311,7 +301,7 @@ InterpolationParts.prototype.watchDelegate = function watchDelegate(scope, liste
 function InterpolationPartsWatcher(interpolationParts, scope, listener, objectEquality) {
   this.interpolationParts = interpolationParts;
   this.scope = scope;
-  this.previousResult = (void 0);
+  this.previousResult = (undefined);
   this.listener = listener;
   var self = this;
   this.expressionFnsWatcher = scope['$watchGroup'](interpolationParts.expressionFns, function(newExpressionValues, oldExpressionValues) {
@@ -321,9 +311,7 @@ function InterpolationPartsWatcher(interpolationParts, scope, listener, objectEq
 
 InterpolationPartsWatcher.prototype.watchListener = function watchListener(newExpressionValues, oldExpressionValues) {
   var result = this.interpolationParts.getResult(newExpressionValues);
-  if (isFunction(this.listener)) {
-    this.listener.call(null, result, newExpressionValues === oldExpressionValues ? result : this.previousResult, this.scope);
-  }
+  this.listener.call(null, result, newExpressionValues === oldExpressionValues ? result : this.previousResult, this.scope);
   this.previousResult = result;
 };
 
@@ -423,7 +411,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.popState = function popState() {
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.matchRe = function matchRe(re, search) {
   re.lastIndex = this.index;
   var match = re.exec(this.text);
-  if (match != null && (search === true || (match.index == this.index))) {
+  if (match != null && (search === true || (match.index === this.index))) {
     this.index = re.lastIndex;
     return match;
   }
@@ -461,7 +449,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.errorInParseLogic = function errorInParseLogic() {
 };
 
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.assertRuleOrNull = function assertRuleOrNull(rule) {
-  if (rule === void 0) {
+  if (rule === undefined) {
     this.errorInParseLogic();
   }
 };
@@ -477,7 +465,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.errorExpecting = function errorExpecting() {
         position.line, position.column, this.text);
   }
   var word = match[1];
-  if (word == "select" || word == "plural") {
+  if (word === 'select' || word === 'plural') {
     position = indexToLineAndColumn(this.text, this.index);
     throw $interpolateMinErr('reqcomma',
         'Expected a comma after the keyword “{0}” at line {1}, column {2} of text “{3}”',
@@ -505,7 +493,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleString = function ruleString() {
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.startStringAtMatch = function startStringAtMatch(match) {
   this.stringStartIndex = match.index;
   this.stringQuote = match[0];
-  this.stringInterestsRe = this.stringQuote == "'" ? SQUOTED_STRING_INTEREST_RE : DQUOTED_STRING_INTEREST_RE;
+  this.stringInterestsRe = this.stringQuote === '\'' ? SQUOTED_STRING_INTEREST_RE : DQUOTED_STRING_INTEREST_RE;
   this.rule = this.ruleInsideString;
 };
 
@@ -519,8 +507,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInsideString = function ruleInsideString() {
         'The string beginning at line {0}, column {1} is unterminated in text “{2}”',
         position.line, position.column, this.text);
   }
-  var chars = match[0];
-  if (match == this.stringQuote) {
+  if (match[0] === this.stringQuote) {
     this.rule = null;
   }
 };
@@ -533,8 +520,8 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.rulePluralOrSelect = function rulePluralOrSelect()
   }
   var argType = match[1];
   switch (argType) {
-    case "plural": this.rule = this.rulePluralStyle; break;
-    case "select": this.rule = this.ruleSelectStyle; break;
+    case 'plural': this.rule = this.rulePluralStyle; break;
+    case 'select': this.rule = this.ruleSelectStyle; break;
     default: this.errorInParseLogic();
   }
 };
@@ -552,7 +539,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleSelectStyle = function ruleSelectStyle() {
 };
 
 var NUMBER_RE = /[0]|(?:[1-9][0-9]*)/g;
-var PLURAL_OFFSET_RE = new RegExp("\\s*offset\\s*:\\s*(" + NUMBER_RE.source + ")", "g");
+var PLURAL_OFFSET_RE = new RegExp('\\s*offset\\s*:\\s*(' + NUMBER_RE.source + ')', 'g');
 
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.rulePluralOffset = function rulePluralOffset() {
   var match = this.matchRe(PLURAL_OFFSET_RE);
@@ -562,7 +549,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.rulePluralOffset = function rulePluralOffset() {
 };
 
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.assertChoiceKeyIsNew = function assertChoiceKeyIsNew(choiceKey, index) {
-  if (this.choices[choiceKey] !== void 0) {
+  if (this.choices[choiceKey] !== undefined) {
     var position = indexToLineAndColumn(this.text, index);
     throw $interpolateMinErr('dupvalue',
         'The choice “{0}” is specified more than once. Duplicate key is at line {1}, column {2} in text “{3}”',
@@ -583,7 +570,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleSelectKeyword = function ruleSelectKeyword() {
   this.rule = this.ruleMessageText;
 };
 
-var EXPLICIT_VALUE_OR_KEYWORD_RE = new RegExp("\\s*(?:(?:=(" + NUMBER_RE.source + "))|(\\w+))", "g");
+var EXPLICIT_VALUE_OR_KEYWORD_RE = new RegExp('\\s*(?:(?:=(' + NUMBER_RE.source + '))|(\\w+))', 'g');
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.rulePluralValueOrKeyword = function rulePluralValueOrKeyword() {
   var match = this.matchRe(EXPLICIT_VALUE_OR_KEYWORD_RE);
   if (match == null) {
@@ -600,7 +587,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.rulePluralValueOrKeyword = function rulePluralValu
   this.rule = this.ruleMessageText;
 };
 
-var BRACE_OPEN_RE = /\s*{/g;
+var BRACE_OPEN_RE = /\s*\{/g;
 var BRACE_CLOSE_RE = /}/g;
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleMessageText = function ruleMessageText() {
   if (!this.consumeRe(BRACE_OPEN_RE)) {
@@ -620,7 +607,7 @@ var INTERP_OR_END_MESSAGE_RE = /\\.|{{|}/g;
 var INTERP_OR_PLURALVALUE_OR_END_MESSAGE_RE = /\\.|{{|#|}/g;
 var ESCAPE_OR_MUSTACHE_BEGIN_RE = /\\.|{{/g;
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.advanceInInterpolationOrMessageText = function advanceInInterpolationOrMessageText() {
-  var currentIndex = this.index, match, re;
+  var currentIndex = this.index, match;
   if (this.ruleChoiceKeyword == null) { // interpolation
     match = this.searchRe(ESCAPE_OR_MUSTACHE_BEGIN_RE);
     if (match == null) { // End of interpolation text.  Nothing more to process.
@@ -629,7 +616,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.advanceInInterpolationOrMessageText = function adv
       return null;
     }
   } else {
-    match = this.searchRe(this.ruleChoiceKeyword == this.rulePluralValueOrKeyword ?
+    match = this.searchRe(this.ruleChoiceKeyword === this.rulePluralValueOrKeyword ?
                           INTERP_OR_PLURALVALUE_OR_END_MESSAGE_RE : INTERP_OR_END_MESSAGE_RE);
     if (match == null) {
       var position = indexToLineAndColumn(this.text, this.msgStartIndex);
@@ -654,20 +641,20 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInInterpolationOrMessageText = function ruleIn
     this.rule = null;
     return;
   }
-  if (token[0] == "\\") {
+  if (token[0] === '\\') {
     // unescape next character and continue
     this.interpolationParts.addText(this.textPart + token[1]);
     return;
   }
   this.interpolationParts.addText(this.textPart);
-  if (token == "{{") {
+  if (token === '{{') {
     this.pushState();
     this.ruleStack.push(this.ruleEndMustacheInInterpolationOrMessage);
     this.rule = this.ruleEnteredMustache;
-  } else if (token == "}") {
+  } else if (token === '}') {
     this.choices[this.choiceKey] = this.interpolationParts.toParsedFn(/*mustHaveExpression=*/false, this.text);
     this.rule = this.ruleChoiceKeyword;
-  } else if (token == "#") {
+  } else if (token === '#') {
     this.interpolationParts.addExpressionFn(this.expressionMinusOffsetFn);
   } else {
     this.errorInParseLogic();
@@ -691,7 +678,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInInterpolation = function ruleInInterpolation
     return;
   }
   var token = match[0];
-  if (token[0] == "\\") {
+  if (token[0] === '\\') {
     // unescape next character and continue
     this.interpolationParts.addText(this.text.substring(currentIndex, match.index) + token[1]);
     return;
@@ -738,7 +725,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleEndMustache = function ruleEndMustache() {
     // day), then the result *has* to be a string and those rules would have already set
     // this.parsedFn.  If there was no MessageFormat extension, then there is no requirement to
     // stringify the result and parsedFn isn't set.  We set it here.  While we could have set it
-    // unconditionally when exiting the Angular expression, I intend for us to not just replace
+    // unconditionally when exiting the AngularJS expression, I intend for us to not just replace
     // $interpolate, but also to replace $parse in a future version (so ng-bind can work), and in
     // such a case we do not want to unnecessarily stringify something if it's not going to be used
     // in a string context.
@@ -757,18 +744,18 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleAngularExpression = function ruleAngularExpres
 
 function getEndOperator(opBegin) {
   switch (opBegin) {
-    case "{": return "}";
-    case "[": return "]";
-    case "(": return ")";
+    case '{': return '}';
+    case '[': return ']';
+    case '(': return ')';
     default: return null;
   }
 }
 
 function getBeginOperator(opEnd) {
   switch (opEnd) {
-    case "}": return "{";
-    case "]": return "[";
-    case ")": return "(";
+    case '}': return '{';
+    case ']': return '[';
+    case ')': return '(';
     default: return null;
   }
 }
@@ -778,12 +765,11 @@ function getBeginOperator(opEnd) {
 // should support any other type of start/end interpolation symbol.
 var INTERESTING_OPERATORS_RE = /[[\]{}()'",]/g;
 MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularExpression() {
-  var startIndex = this.index;
   var match = this.searchRe(INTERESTING_OPERATORS_RE);
   var position;
   if (match == null) {
     if (this.angularOperatorStack.length === 0) {
-      // This is the end of the Angular expression so this is actually a
+      // This is the end of the AngularJS expression so this is actually a
       // success.  Note that when inside an interpolation, this means we even
       // consumed the closing interpolation symbols if they were curlies.  This
       // is NOT an error at this point but will become an error further up the
@@ -799,16 +785,16 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
     }
     var innermostOperator = this.angularOperatorStack[0];
     throw $interpolateMinErr('badexpr',
-        'Unexpected end of Angular expression.  Expecting operator “{0}” at the end of the text “{1}”',
+        'Unexpected end of AngularJS expression.  Expecting operator “{0}” at the end of the text “{1}”',
         this.getEndOperator(innermostOperator), this.text);
   }
   var operator = match[0];
-  if (operator == "'" || operator == '"') {
+  if (operator === '\'' || operator === '"') {
     this.ruleStack.push(this.ruleInAngularExpression);
     this.startStringAtMatch(match);
     return;
   }
-  if (operator == ",") {
+  if (operator === ',') {
     if (this.trustedContext) {
       position = indexToLineAndColumn(this.text, this.index);
       throw $interpolateMinErr('unsafe',
@@ -836,7 +822,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
     this.errorInParseLogic();
   }
   if (this.angularOperatorStack.length > 0) {
-    if (beginOperator == this.angularOperatorStack[0]) {
+    if (beginOperator === this.angularOperatorStack[0]) {
       this.angularOperatorStack.shift();
       return;
     }
@@ -864,7 +850,6 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
 /* global noop: true */
 /* global toJson: true */
 /* global MessageFormatParser: false */
-/* global stringify: false */
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc module
@@ -875,7 +860,7 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
  *
  * ## What is  ngMessageFormat?
  *
- * The ngMessageFormat module extends the Angular {@link ng.$interpolate `$interpolate`} service
+ * The ngMessageFormat module extends the AngularJS {@link ng.$interpolate `$interpolate`} service
  * with a syntax for handling pluralization and gender specific messages, which is based on the
  * [ICU MessageFormat syntax][ICU].
  *
@@ -909,9 +894,9 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
  *     this.gender = gender;
  *   }
  *
- *   var alice   = new Person("Alice", "female"),
- *       bob     = new Person("Bob", "male"),
- *       ashley = new Person("Ashley", "");
+ *   var alice   = new Person('Alice', 'female'),
+ *       bob     = new Person('Bob', 'male'),
+ *       ashley = new Person('Ashley', '');
  *
  *   angular.module('msgFmtExample', ['ngMessageFormat'])
  *     .controller('AppController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
@@ -952,11 +937,11 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
  *     this.gender = gender;
  *   }
  *
- *   var alice   = new Person("Alice", "female"),
- *       bob     = new Person("Bob", "male"),
- *       sarah     = new Person("Sarah", "female"),
- *       harry   = new Person("Harry Potter", "male"),
- *       ashley   = new Person("Ashley", "");
+ *   var alice   = new Person('Alice', 'female'),
+ *       bob     = new Person('Bob', 'male'),
+ *       sarah     = new Person('Sarah', 'female'),
+ *       harry   = new Person('Harry Potter', 'male'),
+ *       ashley   = new Person('Ashley', '');
  *
  *   angular.module('msgFmtExample', ['ngMessageFormat'])
  *     .controller('AppController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
@@ -1012,10 +997,10 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
  *        this.gender = gender;
  *      }
  *
- *      var alice   = new Person("Alice", "female"),
- *          bob     = new Person("Bob", "male"),
- *          harry   = new Person("Harry Potter", "male"),
- *          ashley   = new Person("Ashley", "");
+ *      var alice   = new Person('Alice', 'female'),
+ *          bob     = new Person('Bob', 'male'),
+ *          harry   = new Person('Harry Potter', 'male'),
+ *          ashley   = new Person('Ashley', '');
  *
  *      angular.module('msgFmtExample', ['ngMessageFormat'])
  *        .controller('AppController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
@@ -1028,13 +1013,13 @@ MessageFormatParser.prototype.ruleInAngularExpression = function ruleInAngularEx
  */
 
 var $$MessageFormatFactory = ['$parse', '$locale', '$sce', '$exceptionHandler', function $$messageFormat(
-                   $parse,   $locale,   $sce,   $exceptionHandler) {
+                               $parse,   $locale,   $sce,   $exceptionHandler) {
 
   function getStringifier(trustedContext, allOrNothing, text) {
     return function stringifier(value) {
       try {
         value = trustedContext ? $sce['getTrusted'](trustedContext, value) : $sce['valueOf'](value);
-        return allOrNothing && (value === void 0) ? value : stringify(value);
+        return allOrNothing && (value === undefined) ? value : $$stringify(value);
       } catch (err) {
         $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr['interr'](text, err));
       }
@@ -1055,7 +1040,7 @@ var $$MessageFormatFactory = ['$parse', '$locale', '$sce', '$exceptionHandler',
 }];
 
 var $$interpolateDecorator = ['$$messageFormat', '$delegate', function $$interpolateDecorator($$messageFormat, $interpolate) {
-  if ($interpolate['startSymbol']() != "{{" || $interpolate['endSymbol']() != "}}") {
+  if ($interpolate['startSymbol']() !== '{{' || $interpolate['endSymbol']() !== '}}') {
     throw $interpolateMinErr('nochgmustache', 'angular-message-format.js currently does not allow you to use custom start and end symbols for interpolation.');
   }
   var interpolate = $$messageFormat['interpolate'];
@@ -1068,14 +1053,17 @@ var $interpolateMinErr;
 var isFunction;
 var noop;
 var toJson;
+var $$stringify;
 
-var module = window['angular']['module']('ngMessageFormat', ['ng']);
-module['factory']('$$messageFormat', $$MessageFormatFactory);
-module['config'](['$provide', function($provide) {
+var ngModule = window['angular']['module']('ngMessageFormat', ['ng']);
+ngModule['info']({ 'angularVersion': '"1.8.2"' });
+ngModule['factory']('$$messageFormat', $$MessageFormatFactory);
+ngModule['config'](['$provide', function($provide) {
   $interpolateMinErr = window['angular']['$interpolateMinErr'];
   isFunction = window['angular']['isFunction'];
   noop = window['angular']['noop'];
   toJson = window['angular']['toJson'];
+  $$stringify = window['angular']['$$stringify'];
 
   $provide['decorator']('$interpolate', $$interpolateDecorator);
 }]);
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-messages.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-messages.js
index 9322b53..72a6d86 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-messages.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-messages.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ var jqLite;
  * sequencing based on the order of how the messages are defined in the template.
  *
  * Currently, the ngMessages module only contains the code for the `ngMessages`, `ngMessagesInclude`
- * `ngMessage` and `ngMessageExp` directives.
+ * `ngMessage`, `ngMessageExp` and `ngMessageDefault` directives.
  *
- * # Usage
+ * ## Usage
  * The `ngMessages` directive allows keys in a key/value collection to be associated with a child element
  * (or 'message') that will show or hide based on the truthiness of that key's value in the collection. A common use
  * case for `ngMessages` is to display error messages for inputs using the `$error` object exposed by the
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ var jqLite;
  * By default, `ngMessages` will only display one message for a particular key/value collection at any time. If more
  * than one message (or error) key is currently true, then which message is shown is determined by the order of messages
  * in the HTML template code (messages declared first are prioritised). This mechanism means the developer does not have
- * to prioritise messages using custom JavaScript code.
+ * to prioritize messages using custom JavaScript code.
  *
  * Given the following error object for our example (which informs us that the field `myField` currently has both the
  * `required` and `email` errors):
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ var jqLite;
  *
  * Feel free to use other structural directives such as ng-if and ng-switch to further control
  * what messages are active and when. Be careful, if you place ng-message on the same element
- * as these structural directives, Angular may not be able to determine if a message is active
+ * as these structural directives, AngularJS may not be able to determine if a message is active
  * or not. Therefore it is best to place the ng-message on a child element of the structural
  * directive.
  *
@@ -262,16 +262,36 @@ var jqLite;
  * .some-message.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {}
  * ```
  *
- * {@link ngAnimate Click here} to learn how to use JavaScript animations or to learn more about ngAnimate.
+ * {@link ngAnimate See the ngAnimate docs} to learn how to use JavaScript animations or to learn
+ * more about ngAnimate.
+ *
+ * ## Displaying a default message
+ * If the ngMessages renders no inner ngMessage directive (i.e. when none of the truthy
+ * keys are matched by a defined message), then it will render a default message
+ * using the {@link ngMessageDefault} directive.
+ * Note that matched messages will always take precedence over unmatched messages. That means
+ * the default message will not be displayed when another message is matched. This is also
+ * true for `ng-messages-multiple`.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-messages="myForm.myField.$error" role="alert">
+ *   <div ng-message="required">This field is required</div>
+ *   <div ng-message="minlength">This field is too short</div>
+ *   <div ng-message-default>This field has an input error</div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+
  */
 angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
-  // Access helpers from angular core.
+  // Access helpers from AngularJS core.
   // Do it inside a `config` block to ensure `window.angular` is available.
   forEach = angular.forEach;
   isArray = angular.isArray;
   isString = angular.isString;
   jqLite = angular.element;
 })
+  .info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' })
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc directive
@@ -290,8 +310,11 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
    * at a time and this depends on the prioritization of the messages within the template. (This can
    * be changed by using the `ng-messages-multiple` or `multiple` attribute on the directive container.)
    *
-   * A remote template can also be used to promote message reusability and messages can also be
-   * overridden.
+   * A remote template can also be used (With {@link ngMessagesInclude}) to promote message
+   * reusability and messages can also be overridden.
+   *
+   * A default message can also be displayed when no `ngMessage` directive is inserted, using the
+   * {@link ngMessageDefault} directive.
    *
    * {@link module:ngMessages Click here} to learn more about `ngMessages` and `ngMessage`.
    *
@@ -302,6 +325,7 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
    *   <ANY ng-message="stringValue">...</ANY>
    *   <ANY ng-message="stringValue1, stringValue2, ...">...</ANY>
    *   <ANY ng-message-exp="expressionValue">...</ANY>
+   *   <ANY ng-message-default>...</ANY>
    * </ANY>
    *
    * <!-- or by using element directives -->
@@ -309,10 +333,11 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
    *   <ng-message when="stringValue">...</ng-message>
    *   <ng-message when="stringValue1, stringValue2, ...">...</ng-message>
    *   <ng-message when-exp="expressionValue">...</ng-message>
+   *   <ng-message-default>...</ng-message-default>
    * </ng-messages>
    * ```
    *
-   * @param {string} ngMessages an angular expression evaluating to a key/value object
+   * @param {string} ngMessages an AngularJS expression evaluating to a key/value object
    *                 (this is typically the $error object on an ngModel instance).
    * @param {string=} ngMessagesMultiple|multiple when set, all messages will be displayed with true
    *
@@ -337,6 +362,7 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
    *         <div ng-message="required">You did not enter a field</div>
    *         <div ng-message="minlength">Your field is too short</div>
    *         <div ng-message="maxlength">Your field is too long</div>
+   *         <div ng-message-default>This field has an input error</div>
    *       </div>
    *     </form>
    *   </file>
@@ -352,7 +378,7 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
     return {
       require: 'ngMessages',
       restrict: 'AE',
-      controller: ['$element', '$scope', '$attrs', function($element, $scope, $attrs) {
+      controller: ['$element', '$scope', '$attrs', function NgMessagesCtrl($element, $scope, $attrs) {
         var ctrl = this;
         var latestKey = 0;
         var nextAttachId = 0;
@@ -374,6 +400,7 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
 
           var unmatchedMessages = [];
           var matchedKeys = {};
+          var truthyKeys = 0;
           var messageItem = ctrl.head;
           var messageFound = false;
           var totalMessages = 0;
@@ -386,13 +413,17 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
             var messageUsed = false;
             if (!messageFound) {
               forEach(collection, function(value, key) {
-                if (!messageUsed && truthy(value) && messageCtrl.test(key)) {
-                  // this is to prevent the same error name from showing up twice
-                  if (matchedKeys[key]) return;
-                  matchedKeys[key] = true;
+                if (truthy(value) && !messageUsed) {
+                  truthyKeys++;
+
+                  if (messageCtrl.test(key)) {
+                    // this is to prevent the same error name from showing up twice
+                    if (matchedKeys[key]) return;
+                    matchedKeys[key] = true;
 
-                  messageUsed = true;
-                  messageCtrl.attach();
+                    messageUsed = true;
+                    messageCtrl.attach();
+                  }
                 }
               });
             }
@@ -412,48 +443,60 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
             messageCtrl.detach();
           });
 
-          unmatchedMessages.length !== totalMessages
-              ? $animate.setClass($element, ACTIVE_CLASS, INACTIVE_CLASS)
-              : $animate.setClass($element, INACTIVE_CLASS, ACTIVE_CLASS);
+          var messageMatched = unmatchedMessages.length !== totalMessages;
+          var attachDefault = ctrl.default && !messageMatched && truthyKeys > 0;
+
+          if (attachDefault) {
+            ctrl.default.attach();
+          } else if (ctrl.default) {
+            ctrl.default.detach();
+          }
+
+          if (messageMatched || attachDefault) {
+            $animate.setClass($element, ACTIVE_CLASS, INACTIVE_CLASS);
+          } else {
+            $animate.setClass($element, INACTIVE_CLASS, ACTIVE_CLASS);
+          }
         };
 
         $scope.$watchCollection($attrs.ngMessages || $attrs['for'], ctrl.render);
 
-        // If the element is destroyed, proactively destroy all the currently visible messages
-        $element.on('$destroy', function() {
-          forEach(messages, function(item) {
-            item.message.detach();
-          });
-        });
-
         this.reRender = function() {
           if (!renderLater) {
             renderLater = true;
             $scope.$evalAsync(function() {
-              if (renderLater) {
-                cachedCollection && ctrl.render(cachedCollection);
+              if (renderLater && cachedCollection) {
+                ctrl.render(cachedCollection);
               }
             });
           }
         };
 
-        this.register = function(comment, messageCtrl) {
-          var nextKey = latestKey.toString();
-          messages[nextKey] = {
-            message: messageCtrl
-          };
-          insertMessageNode($element[0], comment, nextKey);
-          comment.$$ngMessageNode = nextKey;
-          latestKey++;
+        this.register = function(comment, messageCtrl, isDefault) {
+          if (isDefault) {
+            ctrl.default = messageCtrl;
+          } else {
+            var nextKey = latestKey.toString();
+            messages[nextKey] = {
+              message: messageCtrl
+            };
+            insertMessageNode($element[0], comment, nextKey);
+            comment.$$ngMessageNode = nextKey;
+            latestKey++;
+          }
 
           ctrl.reRender();
         };
 
-        this.deregister = function(comment) {
-          var key = comment.$$ngMessageNode;
-          delete comment.$$ngMessageNode;
-          removeMessageNode($element[0], comment, key);
-          delete messages[key];
+        this.deregister = function(comment, isDefault) {
+          if (isDefault) {
+            delete ctrl.default;
+          } else {
+            var key = comment.$$ngMessageNode;
+            delete comment.$$ngMessageNode;
+            removeMessageNode($element[0], comment, key);
+            delete messages[key];
+          }
           ctrl.reRender();
         };
 
@@ -500,6 +543,9 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
         function removeMessageNode(parent, comment, key) {
           var messageNode = messages[key];
 
+          // This message node may have already been removed by a call to deregister()
+          if (!messageNode) return;
+
           var match = findPreviousMessage(parent, comment);
           if (match) {
             match.next = messageNode.next;
@@ -594,6 +640,7 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
    * @name ngMessage
    * @restrict AE
    * @scope
+   * @priority 1
    *
    * @description
    * `ngMessage` is a directive with the purpose to show and hide a particular message.
@@ -632,10 +679,8 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
    * @scope
    *
    * @description
-   * `ngMessageExp` is a directive with the purpose to show and hide a particular message.
-   * For `ngMessageExp` to operate, a parent `ngMessages` directive on a parent DOM element
-   * must be situated since it determines which messages are visible based on the state
-   * of the provided key/value map that `ngMessages` listens on.
+   * `ngMessageExp` is the same as {@link directive:ngMessage `ngMessage`}, but instead of a static
+   * value, it accepts an expression to be evaluated for the message key.
    *
    * @usage
    * ```html
@@ -654,9 +699,41 @@ angular.module('ngMessages', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
    *
    * @param {expression} ngMessageExp|whenExp an expression value corresponding to the message key.
    */
-  .directive('ngMessageExp', ngMessageDirectiveFactory());
+  .directive('ngMessageExp', ngMessageDirectiveFactory())
 
-function ngMessageDirectiveFactory() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc directive
+   * @name ngMessageDefault
+   * @restrict AE
+   * @scope
+   *
+   * @description
+   * `ngMessageDefault` is a directive with the purpose to show and hide a default message for
+   * {@link directive:ngMessages}, when none of provided messages matches.
+   *
+   * More information about using `ngMessageDefault` can be found in the
+   * {@link module:ngMessages `ngMessages` module documentation}.
+   *
+   * @usage
+   * ```html
+   * <!-- using attribute directives -->
+   * <ANY ng-messages="expression" role="alert">
+   *   <ANY ng-message="stringValue">...</ANY>
+   *   <ANY ng-message="stringValue1, stringValue2, ...">...</ANY>
+   *   <ANY ng-message-default>...</ANY>
+   * </ANY>
+   *
+   * <!-- or by using element directives -->
+   * <ng-messages for="expression" role="alert">
+   *   <ng-message when="stringValue">...</ng-message>
+   *   <ng-message when="stringValue1, stringValue2, ...">...</ng-message>
+   *   <ng-message-default>...</ng-message-default>
+   * </ng-messages>
+   *
+  */
+  .directive('ngMessageDefault', ngMessageDirectiveFactory(true));
+
+function ngMessageDirectiveFactory(isDefault) {
   return ['$animate', function($animate) {
     return {
       restrict: 'AE',
@@ -665,25 +742,28 @@ function ngMessageDirectiveFactory() {
       terminal: true,
       require: '^^ngMessages',
       link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngMessagesCtrl, $transclude) {
-        var commentNode = element[0];
-
-        var records;
-        var staticExp = attrs.ngMessage || attrs.when;
-        var dynamicExp = attrs.ngMessageExp || attrs.whenExp;
-        var assignRecords = function(items) {
-          records = items
-              ? (isArray(items)
-                  ? items
-                  : items.split(/[\s,]+/))
-              : null;
-          ngMessagesCtrl.reRender();
-        };
+        var commentNode, records, staticExp, dynamicExp;
+
+        if (!isDefault) {
+          commentNode = element[0];
+          staticExp = attrs.ngMessage || attrs.when;
+          dynamicExp = attrs.ngMessageExp || attrs.whenExp;
+
+          var assignRecords = function(items) {
+            records = items
+                ? (isArray(items)
+                      ? items
+                      : items.split(/[\s,]+/))
+                : null;
+            ngMessagesCtrl.reRender();
+          };
 
-        if (dynamicExp) {
-          assignRecords(scope.$eval(dynamicExp));
-          scope.$watchCollection(dynamicExp, assignRecords);
-        } else {
-          assignRecords(staticExp);
+          if (dynamicExp) {
+            assignRecords(scope.$eval(dynamicExp));
+            scope.$watchCollection(dynamicExp, assignRecords);
+          } else {
+            assignRecords(staticExp);
+          }
         }
 
         var currentElement, messageCtrl;
@@ -705,8 +785,10 @@ function ngMessageDirectiveFactory() {
                 // by another structural directive then it's time
                 // to deregister the message from the controller
                 currentElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                  // If the message element was removed via a call to `detach` then `currentElement` will be null
+                  // So this handler only handles cases where something else removed the message element.
                   if (currentElement && currentElement.$$attachId === $$attachId) {
-                    ngMessagesCtrl.deregister(commentNode);
+                    ngMessagesCtrl.deregister(commentNode, isDefault);
                     messageCtrl.detach();
                   }
                   newScope.$destroy();
@@ -721,6 +803,14 @@ function ngMessageDirectiveFactory() {
               $animate.leave(elm);
             }
           }
+        }, isDefault);
+
+        // We need to ensure that this directive deregisters itself when it no longer exists
+        // Normally this is done when the attached element is destroyed; but if this directive
+        // gets removed before we attach the message to the DOM there is nothing to watch
+        // in which case we must deregister when the containing scope is destroyed.
+        scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+          ngMessagesCtrl.deregister(commentNode, isDefault);
         });
       }
     };
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-mocks.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-mocks.js
index 42f19b7..c4c4868 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-mocks.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-mocks.js
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {
 
 'use strict';
 
+/* global routeToRegExp: false */
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc object
  * @name angular.mock
@@ -31,23 +33,27 @@ angular.mock = {};
  * that there are several helper methods available which can be used in tests.
  */
 angular.mock.$BrowserProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return new angular.mock.$Browser();
-  };
+  this.$get = [
+    '$log', '$$taskTrackerFactory',
+    function($log, $$taskTrackerFactory) {
+      return new angular.mock.$Browser($log, $$taskTrackerFactory);
+    }
+  ];
 };
 
-angular.mock.$Browser = function() {
+angular.mock.$Browser = function($log, $$taskTrackerFactory) {
   var self = this;
+  var taskTracker = $$taskTrackerFactory($log);
 
   this.isMock = true;
-  self.$$url = "http://server/";
+  self.$$url = 'http://server/';
   self.$$lastUrl = self.$$url; // used by url polling fn
   self.pollFns = [];
 
-  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
-  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = angular.noop;
-  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = angular.noop;
-
+  // Task-tracking API
+  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = taskTracker.completeTask;
+  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = taskTracker.incTaskCount;
+  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = taskTracker.notifyWhenNoPendingTasks;
 
   // register url polling fn
 
@@ -71,11 +77,22 @@ angular.mock.$Browser = function() {
   self.deferredFns = [];
   self.deferredNextId = 0;
 
-  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
+  self.defer = function(fn, delay, taskType) {
+    var timeoutId = self.deferredNextId++;
+
     delay = delay || 0;
-    self.deferredFns.push({time:(self.defer.now + delay), fn:fn, id: self.deferredNextId});
-    self.deferredFns.sort(function(a, b) { return a.time - b.time;});
-    return self.deferredNextId++;
+    taskType = taskType || taskTracker.DEFAULT_TASK_TYPE;
+
+    taskTracker.incTaskCount(taskType);
+    self.deferredFns.push({
+      id: timeoutId,
+      type: taskType,
+      time: (self.defer.now + delay),
+      fn: fn
+    });
+    self.deferredFns.sort(function(a, b) { return a.time - b.time; });
+
+    return timeoutId;
   };
 
 
@@ -89,14 +106,15 @@ angular.mock.$Browser = function() {
 
 
   self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
-    var fnIndex;
+    var taskIndex;
 
-    angular.forEach(self.deferredFns, function(fn, index) {
-      if (fn.id === deferId) fnIndex = index;
+    angular.forEach(self.deferredFns, function(task, index) {
+      if (task.id === deferId) taskIndex = index;
     });
 
-    if (angular.isDefined(fnIndex)) {
-      self.deferredFns.splice(fnIndex, 1);
+    if (angular.isDefined(taskIndex)) {
+      var task = self.deferredFns.splice(taskIndex, 1)[0];
+      taskTracker.completeTask(angular.noop, task.type);
       return true;
     }
 
@@ -110,6 +128,8 @@ angular.mock.$Browser = function() {
    * @description
    * Flushes all pending requests and executes the defer callbacks.
    *
+   * See {@link ngMock.$flushPendingsTasks} for more info.
+   *
    * @param {number=} number of milliseconds to flush. See {@link #defer.now}
    */
   self.defer.flush = function(delay) {
@@ -118,26 +138,76 @@ angular.mock.$Browser = function() {
     if (angular.isDefined(delay)) {
       // A delay was passed so compute the next time
       nextTime = self.defer.now + delay;
+    } else if (self.deferredFns.length) {
+      // No delay was passed so set the next time so that it clears the deferred queue
+      nextTime = self.deferredFns[self.deferredFns.length - 1].time;
     } else {
-      if (self.deferredFns.length) {
-        // No delay was passed so set the next time so that it clears the deferred queue
-        nextTime = self.deferredFns[self.deferredFns.length - 1].time;
-      } else {
-        // No delay passed, but there are no deferred tasks so flush - indicates an error!
-        throw new Error('No deferred tasks to be flushed');
-      }
+      // No delay passed, but there are no deferred tasks so flush - indicates an error!
+      throw new Error('No deferred tasks to be flushed');
     }
 
     while (self.deferredFns.length && self.deferredFns[0].time <= nextTime) {
       // Increment the time and call the next deferred function
       self.defer.now = self.deferredFns[0].time;
-      self.deferredFns.shift().fn();
+      var task = self.deferredFns.shift();
+      taskTracker.completeTask(task.fn, task.type);
     }
 
     // Ensure that the current time is correct
     self.defer.now = nextTime;
   };
 
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer.getPendingTasks
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns the currently pending tasks that need to be flushed.
+   * You can request a specific type of tasks only, by specifying a `taskType`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} taskType - The type tasks to return.
+   */
+  self.defer.getPendingTasks = function(taskType) {
+    return !taskType
+        ? self.deferredFns
+        : self.deferredFns.filter(function(task) { return task.type === taskType; });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer.formatPendingTasks
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Formats each task in a list of pending tasks as a string, suitable for use in error messages.
+   *
+   * @param {Array<Object>} pendingTasks - A list of task objects.
+   * @return {Array<string>} A list of stringified tasks.
+   */
+  self.defer.formatPendingTasks = function(pendingTasks) {
+    return pendingTasks.map(function(task) {
+      return '{id: ' + task.id + ', type: ' + task.type + ', time: ' + task.time + '}';
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer.verifyNoPendingTasks
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Verifies that there are no pending tasks that need to be flushed.
+   * You can check for a specific type of tasks only, by specifying a `taskType`.
+   *
+   * See {@link $verifyNoPendingTasks} for more info.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} taskType - The type tasks to check for.
+   */
+  self.defer.verifyNoPendingTasks = function(taskType) {
+    var pendingTasks = self.defer.getPendingTasks(taskType);
+
+    if (pendingTasks.length) {
+      var formattedTasks = self.defer.formatPendingTasks(pendingTasks).join('\n  ');
+      throw new Error('Deferred tasks to flush (' + pendingTasks.length + '):\n  ' +
+          formattedTasks);
+    }
+  };
+
   self.$$baseHref = '/';
   self.baseHref = function() {
     return this.$$baseHref;
@@ -162,7 +232,8 @@ angular.mock.$Browser.prototype = {
       state = null;
     }
     if (url) {
-      this.$$url = url;
+      // The `$browser` service trims empty hashes; simulate it.
+      this.$$url = url.replace(/#$/, '');
       // Native pushState serializes & copies the object; simulate it.
       this.$$state = angular.copy(state);
       return this;
@@ -173,13 +244,85 @@ angular.mock.$Browser.prototype = {
 
   state: function() {
     return this.$$state;
-  },
-
-  notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests: function(fn) {
-    fn();
   }
 };
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $flushPendingTasks
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Flushes all currently pending tasks and executes the corresponding callbacks.
+ *
+ * Optionally, you can also pass a `delay` argument to only flush tasks that are scheduled to be
+ * executed within `delay` milliseconds. Currently, `delay` only applies to timeouts, since all
+ * other tasks have a delay of 0 (i.e. they are scheduled to be executed as soon as possible, but
+ * still asynchronously).
+ *
+ * If no delay is specified, it uses a delay such that all currently pending tasks are flushed.
+ *
+ * The types of tasks that are flushed include:
+ *
+ * - Pending timeouts (via {@link $timeout}).
+ * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $applyAsync}.
+ * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}.
+ *   These include tasks scheduled via `$evalAsync()` indirectly (such as {@link $q} promises).
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   Periodic tasks scheduled via {@link $interval} use a different queue and are not flushed by
+ *   `$flushPendingTasks()`. Use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush $interval.flush(millis)} instead.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {number=} delay - The number of milliseconds to flush.
+ */
+angular.mock.$FlushPendingTasksProvider = function() {
+  this.$get = [
+    '$browser',
+    function($browser) {
+      return function $flushPendingTasks(delay) {
+        return $browser.defer.flush(delay);
+      };
+    }
+  ];
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $verifyNoPendingTasks
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Verifies that there are no pending tasks that need to be flushed. It throws an error if there are
+ * still pending tasks.
+ *
+ * You can check for a specific type of tasks only, by specifying a `taskType`.
+ *
+ * Available task types:
+ *
+ * - `$timeout`: Pending timeouts (via {@link $timeout}).
+ * - `$http`: Pending HTTP requests (via {@link $http}).
+ * - `$route`: In-progress route transitions (via {@link $route}).
+ * - `$applyAsync`: Pending tasks scheduled via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $applyAsync}.
+ * - `$evalAsync`: Pending tasks scheduled via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}.
+ *   These include tasks scheduled via `$evalAsync()` indirectly (such as {@link $q} promises).
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   Periodic tasks scheduled via {@link $interval} use a different queue and are not taken into
+ *   account by `$verifyNoPendingTasks()`. There is currently no way to verify that there are no
+ *   pending {@link $interval} tasks.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} taskType - The type of tasks to check for.
+ */
+angular.mock.$VerifyNoPendingTasksProvider = function() {
+  this.$get = [
+    '$browser',
+    function($browser) {
+      return function $verifyNoPendingTasks(taskType) {
+        return $browser.defer.verifyNoPendingTasks(taskType);
+      };
+    }
+  ];
+};
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc provider
@@ -252,19 +395,19 @@ angular.mock.$ExceptionHandlerProvider = function() {
       case 'rethrow':
         var errors = [];
         handler = function(e) {
-          if (arguments.length == 1) {
+          if (arguments.length === 1) {
             errors.push(e);
           } else {
             errors.push([].slice.call(arguments, 0));
           }
-          if (mode === "rethrow") {
+          if (mode === 'rethrow') {
             throw e;
           }
         };
         handler.errors = errors;
         break;
       default:
-        throw new Error("Unknown mode '" + mode + "', only 'log'/'rethrow' modes are allowed!");
+        throw new Error('Unknown mode \'' + mode + '\', only \'log\'/\'rethrow\' modes are allowed!');
     }
   };
 
@@ -414,8 +557,8 @@ angular.mock.$LogProvider = function() {
         });
       });
       if (errors.length) {
-        errors.unshift("Expected $log to be empty! Either a message was logged unexpectedly, or " +
-          "an expected log message was not checked and removed:");
+        errors.unshift('Expected $log to be empty! Either a message was logged unexpectedly, or ' +
+          'an expected log message was not checked and removed:');
         errors.push('');
         throw new Error(errors.join('\n---------\n'));
       }
@@ -448,62 +591,40 @@ angular.mock.$LogProvider = function() {
  * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
  */
 angular.mock.$IntervalProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$browser', '$rootScope', '$q', '$$q',
-       function($browser,   $rootScope,   $q,   $$q) {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$$intervalFactory',
+       function($browser,   $$intervalFactory) {
     var repeatFns = [],
         nextRepeatId = 0,
-        now = 0;
-
-    var $interval = function(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
-      var hasParams = arguments.length > 4,
-          args = hasParams ? Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 4) : [],
-          iteration = 0,
-          skipApply = (angular.isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
-          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise;
-
-      count = (angular.isDefined(count)) ? count : 0;
-      promise.then(null, null, (!hasParams) ? fn : function() {
-        fn.apply(null, args);
-      });
-
-      promise.$$intervalId = nextRepeatId;
-
-      function tick() {
-        deferred.notify(iteration++);
-
-        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
-          var fnIndex;
-          deferred.resolve(iteration);
-
-          angular.forEach(repeatFns, function(fn, index) {
-            if (fn.id === promise.$$intervalId) fnIndex = index;
+        now = 0,
+        setIntervalFn = function(tick, delay, deferred, skipApply) {
+          var id = nextRepeatId++;
+          var fn = !skipApply ? tick : function() {
+            tick();
+            $browser.defer.flush();
+          };
+
+          repeatFns.push({
+            nextTime: (now + (delay || 0)),
+            delay: delay || 1,
+            fn: fn,
+            id: id,
+            deferred: deferred
           });
+          repeatFns.sort(function(a, b) { return a.nextTime - b.nextTime; });
 
-          if (angular.isDefined(fnIndex)) {
-            repeatFns.splice(fnIndex, 1);
+          return id;
+        },
+        clearIntervalFn = function(id) {
+          for (var fnIndex = repeatFns.length - 1; fnIndex >= 0; fnIndex--) {
+            if (repeatFns[fnIndex].id === id) {
+              repeatFns.splice(fnIndex, 1);
+              break;
+            }
           }
-        }
-
-        if (skipApply) {
-          $browser.defer.flush();
-        } else {
-          $rootScope.$apply();
-        }
-      }
+        };
 
-      repeatFns.push({
-        nextTime:(now + delay),
-        delay: delay,
-        fn: tick,
-        id: nextRepeatId,
-        deferred: deferred
-      });
-      repeatFns.sort(function(a, b) { return a.nextTime - b.nextTime;});
+    var $interval = $$intervalFactory(setIntervalFn, clearIntervalFn);
 
-      nextRepeatId++;
-      return promise;
-    };
     /**
      * @ngdoc method
      * @name $interval#cancel
@@ -516,16 +637,15 @@ angular.mock.$IntervalProvider = function() {
      */
     $interval.cancel = function(promise) {
       if (!promise) return false;
-      var fnIndex;
-
-      angular.forEach(repeatFns, function(fn, index) {
-        if (fn.id === promise.$$intervalId) fnIndex = index;
-      });
 
-      if (angular.isDefined(fnIndex)) {
-        repeatFns[fnIndex].deferred.reject('canceled');
-        repeatFns.splice(fnIndex, 1);
-        return true;
+      for (var fnIndex = repeatFns.length - 1; fnIndex >= 0; fnIndex--) {
+        if (repeatFns[fnIndex].id === promise.$$intervalId) {
+          var deferred = repeatFns[fnIndex].deferred;
+          deferred.promise.then(undefined, function() {});
+          deferred.reject('canceled');
+          repeatFns.splice(fnIndex, 1);
+          return true;
+        }
       }
 
       return false;
@@ -538,15 +658,21 @@ angular.mock.$IntervalProvider = function() {
      *
      * Runs interval tasks scheduled to be run in the next `millis` milliseconds.
      *
-     * @param {number=} millis maximum timeout amount to flush up until.
+     * @param {number} millis maximum timeout amount to flush up until.
      *
      * @return {number} The amount of time moved forward.
      */
     $interval.flush = function(millis) {
+      var before = now;
       now += millis;
       while (repeatFns.length && repeatFns[0].nextTime <= now) {
         var task = repeatFns[0];
         task.fn();
+        if (task.nextTime === before) {
+          // this can only happen the first time
+          // a zero-delay interval gets triggered
+          task.nextTime++;
+        }
         task.nextTime += task.delay;
         repeatFns.sort(function(a, b) { return a.nextTime - b.nextTime;});
       }
@@ -558,16 +684,13 @@ angular.mock.$IntervalProvider = function() {
 };
 
 
-/* jshint -W101 */
-/* The R_ISO8061_STR regex is never going to fit into the 100 char limit!
- * This directive should go inside the anonymous function but a bug in JSHint means that it would
- * not be enacted early enough to prevent the warning.
- */
-var R_ISO8061_STR = /^(-?\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?:\:?(\d\d)(?:\:?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d{3}))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d)))?$/;
-
 function jsonStringToDate(string) {
+  // The R_ISO8061_STR regex is never going to fit into the 100 char limit!
+  // eslit-disable-next-line max-len
+  var R_ISO8061_STR = /^(-?\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d{3}))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d)))?$/;
+
   var match;
-  if (match = string.match(R_ISO8061_STR)) {
+  if ((match = string.match(R_ISO8061_STR))) {
     var date = new Date(0),
         tzHour = 0,
         tzMin  = 0;
@@ -650,9 +773,10 @@ angular.mock.TzDate = function(offset, timestamp) {
 
     timestamp = self.origDate.getTime();
     if (isNaN(timestamp)) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-throw-literal
       throw {
-        name: "Illegal Argument",
-        message: "Arg '" + tsStr + "' passed into TzDate constructor is not a valid date string"
+        name: 'Illegal Argument',
+        message: 'Arg \'' + tsStr + '\' passed into TzDate constructor is not a valid date string'
       };
     }
   } else {
@@ -758,7 +882,7 @@ angular.mock.TzDate = function(offset, timestamp) {
 
   angular.forEach(unimplementedMethods, function(methodName) {
     self[methodName] = function() {
-      throw new Error("Method '" + methodName + "' is not implemented in the TzDate mock");
+      throw new Error('Method \'' + methodName + '\' is not implemented in the TzDate mock');
     };
   });
 
@@ -767,7 +891,6 @@ angular.mock.TzDate = function(offset, timestamp) {
 
 //make "tzDateInstance instanceof Date" return true
 angular.mock.TzDate.prototype = Date.prototype;
-/* jshint +W101 */
 
 
 /**
@@ -781,6 +904,7 @@ angular.mock.TzDate.prototype = Date.prototype;
  * You need to require the `ngAnimateMock` module in your test suite for instance `beforeEach(module('ngAnimateMock'))`
  */
 angular.mock.animate = angular.module('ngAnimateMock', ['ng'])
+  .info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' })
 
   .config(['$provide', function($provide) {
 
@@ -946,7 +1070,7 @@ angular.mock.animate = angular.module('ngAnimateMock', ['ng'])
  *
  * *NOTE*: This is not an injectable instance, just a globally available function.
  *
- * Method for serializing common angular objects (scope, elements, etc..) into strings.
+ * Method for serializing common AngularJS objects (scope, elements, etc..) into strings.
  * It is useful for logging objects to the console when debugging.
  *
  * @param {*} object - any object to turn into string.
@@ -1028,7 +1152,7 @@ angular.mock.dump = function(object) {
  * This mock implementation can be used to respond with static or dynamic responses via the
  * `expect` and `when` apis and their shortcuts (`expectGET`, `whenPOST`, etc).
  *
- * When an Angular application needs some data from a server, it calls the $http service, which
+ * When an AngularJS application needs some data from a server, it calls the $http service, which
  * sends the request to a real server using $httpBackend service. With dependency injection, it is
  * easy to inject $httpBackend mock (which has the same API as $httpBackend) and use it to verify
  * the requests and respond with some testing data without sending a request to a real server.
@@ -1123,6 +1247,8 @@ angular.mock.dump = function(object) {
     $http.get('/auth.py').then(function(response) {
       authToken = response.headers('A-Token');
       $scope.user = response.data;
+    }).catch(function() {
+      $scope.status = 'Failed...';
     });
 
     $scope.saveMessage = function(message) {
@@ -1215,7 +1341,7 @@ angular.mock.dump = function(object) {
          $httpBackend.expectPOST('/add-msg.py', undefined, function(headers) {
            // check if the header was sent, if it wasn't the expectation won't
            // match the request and the test will fail
-           return headers['Authorization'] == 'xxx';
+           return headers['Authorization'] === 'xxx';
          }).respond(201, '');
 
          $rootScope.saveMessage('whatever');
@@ -1264,7 +1390,7 @@ angular.mock.dump = function(object) {
  * ## Matching route requests
  *
  * For extra convenience, `whenRoute` and `expectRoute` shortcuts are available. These methods offer colon
- * delimited matching of the url path, ignoring the query string. This allows declarations
+ * delimited matching of the url path, ignoring the query string and trailing slashes. This allows declarations
  * similar to how application routes are configured with `$routeProvider`. Because these methods convert
  * the definition url to regex, declaration order is important. Combined with query parameter parsing,
  * the following is possible:
@@ -1304,9 +1430,8 @@ angular.mock.dump = function(object) {
       });
   ```
  */
-angular.mock.$HttpBackendProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$timeout', createHttpBackendMock];
-};
+angular.mock.$httpBackendDecorator =
+  ['$rootScope', '$timeout', '$delegate', createHttpBackendMock];
 
 /**
  * General factory function for $httpBackend mock.
@@ -1325,17 +1450,21 @@ angular.mock.$HttpBackendProvider = function() {
 function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
   var definitions = [],
       expectations = [],
+      matchLatestDefinition = false,
       responses = [],
       responsesPush = angular.bind(responses, responses.push),
-      copy = angular.copy;
+      copy = angular.copy,
+      // We cache the original backend so that if both ngMock and ngMockE2E override the
+      // service the ngMockE2E version can pass through to the real backend
+      originalHttpBackend = $delegate.$$originalHttpBackend || $delegate;
 
   function createResponse(status, data, headers, statusText) {
     if (angular.isFunction(status)) return status;
 
     return function() {
       return angular.isNumber(status)
-          ? [status, data, headers, statusText]
-          : [200, status, data, headers];
+          ? [status, data, headers, statusText, 'complete']
+          : [200, status, data, headers, 'complete'];
     };
   }
 
@@ -1357,39 +1486,57 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
 
     function wrapResponse(wrapped) {
       if (!$browser && timeout) {
-        timeout.then ? timeout.then(handleTimeout) : $timeout(handleTimeout, timeout);
+        if (timeout.then) {
+          timeout.then(function() {
+            handlePrematureEnd(angular.isDefined(timeout.$$timeoutId) ? 'timeout' : 'abort');
+          });
+        } else {
+          $timeout(function() {
+            handlePrematureEnd('timeout');
+          }, timeout);
+        }
       }
 
+      handleResponse.description = method + ' ' + url;
       return handleResponse;
 
       function handleResponse() {
         var response = wrapped.response(method, url, data, headers, wrapped.params(url));
         xhr.$$respHeaders = response[2];
         callback(copy(response[0]), copy(response[1]), xhr.getAllResponseHeaders(),
-                 copy(response[3] || ''));
+                 copy(response[3] || ''), copy(response[4]));
       }
 
-      function handleTimeout() {
+      function handlePrematureEnd(reason) {
         for (var i = 0, ii = responses.length; i < ii; i++) {
           if (responses[i] === handleResponse) {
             responses.splice(i, 1);
-            callback(-1, undefined, '');
+            callback(-1, undefined, '', undefined, reason);
             break;
           }
         }
       }
     }
 
+    function createFatalError(message) {
+      var error = new Error(message);
+      // In addition to being converted to a rejection, these errors also need to be passed to
+      // the $exceptionHandler and be rethrown (so that the test fails).
+      error.$$passToExceptionHandler = true;
+      return error;
+    }
+
     if (expectation && expectation.match(method, url)) {
       if (!expectation.matchData(data)) {
-        throw new Error('Expected ' + expectation + ' with different data\n' +
-            'EXPECTED: ' + prettyPrint(expectation.data) + '\nGOT:      ' + data);
+        throw createFatalError('Expected ' + expectation + ' with different data\n' +
+          'EXPECTED: ' + prettyPrint(expectation.data) + '\n' +
+          'GOT:      ' + data);
       }
 
       if (!expectation.matchHeaders(headers)) {
-        throw new Error('Expected ' + expectation + ' with different headers\n' +
-                        'EXPECTED: ' + prettyPrint(expectation.headers) + '\nGOT:      ' +
-                        prettyPrint(headers));
+        throw createFatalError('Expected ' + expectation + ' with different headers\n' +
+          'EXPECTED: ' + prettyPrint(expectation.headers) + '\n' +
+          'GOT:      ' + prettyPrint(headers));
       }
 
       expectations.shift();
@@ -1401,22 +1548,26 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
       wasExpected = true;
     }
 
-    var i = -1, definition;
-    while ((definition = definitions[++i])) {
+    var i = matchLatestDefinition ? definitions.length : -1, definition;
+
+    while ((definition = definitions[matchLatestDefinition ? --i : ++i])) {
       if (definition.match(method, url, data, headers || {})) {
         if (definition.response) {
           // if $browser specified, we do auto flush all requests
           ($browser ? $browser.defer : responsesPush)(wrapResponse(definition));
         } else if (definition.passThrough) {
-          $delegate(method, url, data, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType, eventHandlers, uploadEventHandlers);
-        } else throw new Error('No response defined !');
+          originalHttpBackend(method, url, data, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType, eventHandlers, uploadEventHandlers);
+        } else throw createFatalError('No response defined !');
         return;
       }
     }
-    throw wasExpected ?
-        new Error('No response defined !') :
-        new Error('Unexpected request: ' + method + ' ' + url + '\n' +
-                  (expectation ? 'Expected ' + expectation : 'No more request expected'));
+
+    if (wasExpected) {
+      throw createFatalError('No response defined !');
+    }
+
+    throw createFatalError('Unexpected request: ' + method + ' ' + url + '\n' +
+      (expectation ? 'Expected ' + expectation : 'No more request expected'));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1426,7 +1577,7 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * Creates a new backend definition.
    *
    * @param {string} method HTTP method.
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
    * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string))=} data HTTP request body or function that receives
    *   data string and returns true if the data is as expected.
@@ -1444,10 +1595,14 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    *      ```
    *    – The respond method takes a set of static data to be returned or a function that can
    *    return an array containing response status (number), response data (Array|Object|string),
-   *    response headers (Object), and the text for the status (string). The respond method returns
-   *    the `requestHandler` object for possible overrides.
+   *    response headers (Object), HTTP status text (string), and XMLHttpRequest status (string:
+   *    `complete`, `error`, `timeout` or `abort`). The respond method returns the `requestHandler`
+   *    object for possible overrides.
    */
   $httpBackend.when = function(method, url, data, headers, keys) {
+
+    assertArgDefined(arguments, 1, 'url');
+
     var definition = new MockHttpExpectation(method, url, data, headers, keys),
         chain = {
           respond: function(status, data, headers, statusText) {
@@ -1469,15 +1624,57 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
     return chain;
   };
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name  $httpBackend#matchLatestDefinitionEnabled
+   * @description
+   * This method can be used to change which mocked responses `$httpBackend` returns, when defining
+   * them with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#when $httpBackend.when()} (and shortcut methods).
+   * By default, `$httpBackend` returns the first definition that matches. When setting
+   * `$http.matchLatestDefinitionEnabled(true)`, it will use the last response that matches, i.e. the
+   * one that was added last.
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(200, 'content', {});
+   * hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(201, 'another', {});
+   * hb('GET', '/url1'); // receives "content"
+   *
+   * $http.matchLatestDefinitionEnabled(true)
+   * hb('GET', '/url1'); // receives "another"
+   *
+   * hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(201, 'onemore', {});
+   * hb('GET', '/url1'); // receives "onemore"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * This is useful if a you have a default response that is overriden inside specific tests.
+   *
+   * Note that different from config methods on providers, `matchLatestDefinitionEnabled()` can be changed
+   * even when the application is already running.
+   *
+   * @param  {Boolean=} value value to set, either `true` or `false`. Default is `false`.
+   *                          If omitted, it will return the current value.
+   * @return {$httpBackend|Boolean} self when used as a setter, and the current value when used
+   *                                as a getter
+   */
+  $httpBackend.matchLatestDefinitionEnabled = function(value) {
+    if (angular.isDefined(value)) {
+      matchLatestDefinition = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return matchLatestDefinition;
+    }
+  };
+
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $httpBackend#whenGET
    * @description
    * Creates a new backend definition for GET requests. For more info see `when()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
-   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current definition.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1490,9 +1687,10 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new backend definition for HEAD requests. For more info see `when()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
-   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current definition.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1505,9 +1703,10 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new backend definition for DELETE requests. For more info see `when()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
-   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current definition.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1520,11 +1719,12 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new backend definition for POST requests. For more info see `when()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
    * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string))=} data HTTP request body or function that receives
    *   data string and returns true if the data is as expected.
-   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current definition.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1537,11 +1737,12 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new backend definition for PUT requests.  For more info see `when()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
    * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string))=} data HTTP request body or function that receives
    *   data string and returns true if the data is as expected.
-   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current definition.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1554,7 +1755,7 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new backend definition for JSONP requests. For more info see `when()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
@@ -1573,42 +1774,13 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @param {string} url HTTP url string that supports colon param matching.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
-   * order to change how a matched request is handled. See #when for more info.
+   * order to change how a matched request is handled.
+   * See {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#when `when`} for more info.
    */
   $httpBackend.whenRoute = function(method, url) {
-    var pathObj = parseRoute(url);
-    return $httpBackend.when(method, pathObj.regexp, undefined, undefined, pathObj.keys);
-  };
-
-  function parseRoute(url) {
-    var ret = {
-      regexp: url
-    },
-    keys = ret.keys = [];
-
-    if (!url || !angular.isString(url)) return ret;
-
-    url = url
-      .replace(/([().])/g, '\\$1')
-      .replace(/(\/)?:(\w+)([\?\*])?/g, function(_, slash, key, option) {
-        var optional = option === '?' ? option : null;
-        var star = option === '*' ? option : null;
-        keys.push({ name: key, optional: !!optional });
-        slash = slash || '';
-        return ''
-          + (optional ? '' : slash)
-          + '(?:'
-          + (optional ? slash : '')
-          + (star && '(.+?)' || '([^/]+)')
-          + (optional || '')
-          + ')'
-          + (optional || '');
-      })
-      .replace(/([\/$\*])/g, '\\$1');
-
-    ret.regexp = new RegExp('^' + url, 'i');
-    return ret;
-  }
+    var parsed = parseRouteUrl(url);
+    return $httpBackend.when(method, parsed.regexp, undefined, undefined, parsed.keys);
+  };
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
@@ -1617,7 +1789,7 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * Creates a new request expectation.
    *
    * @param {string} method HTTP method.
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
    *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
    * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string)|Object)=} data HTTP request body or function that
    *  receives data string and returns true if the data is as expected, or Object if request body
@@ -1630,16 +1802,20 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    *  order to change how a matched request is handled.
    *
    *  - respond –
-   *    ```
-   *    { function([status,] data[, headers, statusText])
-   *    | function(function(method, url, data, headers, params)}
-   *    ```
+   *      ```js
+   *      {function([status,] data[, headers, statusText])
+   *      | function(function(method, url, data, headers, params)}
+   *      ```
    *    – The respond method takes a set of static data to be returned or a function that can
    *    return an array containing response status (number), response data (Array|Object|string),
-   *    response headers (Object), and the text for the status (string). The respond method returns
-   *    the `requestHandler` object for possible overrides.
+   *    response headers (Object), HTTP status text (string), and XMLHttpRequest status (string:
+   *    `complete`, `error`, `timeout` or `abort`). The respond method returns the `requestHandler`
+   *    object for possible overrides.
    */
   $httpBackend.expect = function(method, url, data, headers, keys) {
+
+    assertArgDefined(arguments, 1, 'url');
+
     var expectation = new MockHttpExpectation(method, url, data, headers, keys),
         chain = {
           respond: function(status, data, headers, statusText) {
@@ -1658,9 +1834,10 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new request expectation for GET requests. For more info see `expect()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
-   *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
-   * @param {Object=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   *   and returns true if the url matches the current expectation.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current expectation.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1673,9 +1850,10 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new request expectation for HEAD requests. For more info see `expect()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
-   *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
-   * @param {Object=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   *   and returns true if the url matches the current expectation.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current expectation.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    *   request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1688,9 +1866,10 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new request expectation for DELETE requests. For more info see `expect()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
-   *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
-   * @param {Object=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   *   and returns true if the url matches the current expectation.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current expectation.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    *   request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1703,12 +1882,13 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new request expectation for POST requests. For more info see `expect()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
-   *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   *   and returns true if the url matches the current expectation.
    * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string)|Object)=} data HTTP request body or function that
    *  receives data string and returns true if the data is as expected, or Object if request body
    *  is in JSON format.
-   * @param {Object=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current expectation.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    *   request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1721,12 +1901,13 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new request expectation for PUT requests. For more info see `expect()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
-   *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   *   and returns true if the url matches the current expectation.
    * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string)|Object)=} data HTTP request body or function that
    *  receives data string and returns true if the data is as expected, or Object if request body
    *  is in JSON format.
-   * @param {Object=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current expectation.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    *   request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1739,12 +1920,13 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new request expectation for PATCH requests. For more info see `expect()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
-   *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+   *   and returns true if the url matches the current expectation.
    * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string)|Object)=} data HTTP request body or function that
    *  receives data string and returns true if the data is as expected, or Object if request body
    *  is in JSON format.
-   * @param {Object=} headers HTTP headers.
+   * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
+   *   object and returns true if the headers match the current expectation.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    *   request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1757,8 +1939,8 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @description
    * Creates a new request expectation for JSONP requests. For more info see `expect()`.
    *
-   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives an url
-   *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
+   * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives an url
+   *   and returns true if the url matches the current expectation.
    * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described above.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    *   request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
@@ -1776,11 +1958,12 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @param {string} url HTTP url string that supports colon param matching.
    * @returns {requestHandler} Returns an object with `respond` method that controls how a matched
    * request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke `respond` again in
-   * order to change how a matched request is handled. See #expect for more info.
+   * order to change how a matched request is handled.
+   * See {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#expect `expect`} for more info.
    */
   $httpBackend.expectRoute = function(method, url) {
-    var pathObj = parseRoute(url);
-    return $httpBackend.expect(method, pathObj.regexp, undefined, undefined, pathObj.keys);
+    var parsed = parseRouteUrl(url);
+    return $httpBackend.expect(method, parsed.regexp, undefined, undefined, parsed.keys);
   };
 
 
@@ -1788,24 +1971,34 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $httpBackend#flush
    * @description
-   * Flushes all pending requests using the trained responses.
-   *
-   * @param {number=} count Number of responses to flush (in the order they arrived). If undefined,
-   *   all pending requests will be flushed. If there are no pending requests when the flush method
-   *   is called an exception is thrown (as this typically a sign of programming error).
+   * Flushes pending requests using the trained responses. Requests are flushed in the order they
+   * were made, but it is also possible to skip one or more requests (for example to have them
+   * flushed later). This is useful for simulating scenarios where responses arrive from the server
+   * in any order.
+   *
+   * If there are no pending requests to flush when the method is called, an exception is thrown (as
+   * this is typically a sign of programming error).
+   *
+   * @param {number=} count - Number of responses to flush. If undefined/null, all pending requests
+   *     (starting after `skip`) will be flushed.
+   * @param {number=} [skip=0] - Number of pending requests to skip. For example, a value of `5`
+   *     would skip the first 5 pending requests and start flushing from the 6th onwards.
    */
-  $httpBackend.flush = function(count, digest) {
+  $httpBackend.flush = function(count, skip, digest) {
     if (digest !== false) $rootScope.$digest();
-    if (!responses.length) throw new Error('No pending request to flush !');
+
+    skip = skip || 0;
+    if (skip >= responses.length) throw new Error('No pending request to flush !');
 
     if (angular.isDefined(count) && count !== null) {
       while (count--) {
-        if (!responses.length) throw new Error('No more pending request to flush !');
-        responses.shift()();
+        var part = responses.splice(skip, 1);
+        if (!part.length) throw new Error('No more pending request to flush !');
+        part[0]();
       }
     } else {
-      while (responses.length) {
-        responses.shift()();
+      while (responses.length > skip) {
+        responses.splice(skip, 1)[0]();
       }
     }
     $httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation(digest);
@@ -1847,9 +2040,12 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
    *   afterEach($httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest);
    * ```
    */
-  $httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest = function() {
+  $httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest = function(digest) {
+    if (digest !== false) $rootScope.$digest();
     if (responses.length) {
-      throw new Error('Unflushed requests: ' + responses.length);
+      var unflushedDescriptions = responses.map(function(res) { return res.description; });
+      throw new Error('Unflushed requests: ' + responses.length + '\n  ' +
+                      unflushedDescriptions.join('\n  '));
     }
   };
 
@@ -1867,125 +2063,166 @@ function createHttpBackendMock($rootScope, $timeout, $delegate, $browser) {
     responses.length = 0;
   };
 
+  $httpBackend.$$originalHttpBackend = originalHttpBackend;
+
   return $httpBackend;
 
 
   function createShortMethods(prefix) {
     angular.forEach(['GET', 'DELETE', 'JSONP', 'HEAD'], function(method) {
      $httpBackend[prefix + method] = function(url, headers, keys) {
+        assertArgDefined(arguments, 0, 'url');
+
+        // Change url to `null` if `undefined` to stop it throwing an exception further down
+        if (angular.isUndefined(url)) url = null;
+
        return $httpBackend[prefix](method, url, undefined, headers, keys);
      };
     });
 
     angular.forEach(['PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH'], function(method) {
       $httpBackend[prefix + method] = function(url, data, headers, keys) {
+        assertArgDefined(arguments, 0, 'url');
+
+        // Change url to `null` if `undefined` to stop it throwing an exception further down
+        if (angular.isUndefined(url)) url = null;
+
         return $httpBackend[prefix](method, url, data, headers, keys);
       };
     });
   }
-}
 
-function MockHttpExpectation(method, url, data, headers, keys) {
-
-  function getUrlParams(u) {
-    var params = u.slice(u.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&');
-    return params.sort();
+  function parseRouteUrl(url) {
+    var strippedUrl = stripQueryAndHash(url);
+    var parseOptions = {caseInsensitiveMatch: true, ignoreTrailingSlashes: true};
+    return routeToRegExp(strippedUrl, parseOptions);
   }
+}
 
-  function compareUrl(u) {
-    return (url.slice(0, url.indexOf('?')) == u.slice(0, u.indexOf('?')) && getUrlParams(url).join() == getUrlParams(u).join());
+function assertArgDefined(args, index, name) {
+  if (args.length > index && angular.isUndefined(args[index])) {
+    throw new Error('Undefined argument `' + name + '`; the argument is provided but not defined');
   }
+}
+
+function stripQueryAndHash(url) {
+  return url.replace(/[?#].*$/, '');
+}
+
+function MockHttpExpectation(expectedMethod, expectedUrl, expectedData, expectedHeaders,
+                             expectedKeys) {
 
-  this.data = data;
-  this.headers = headers;
+  this.data = expectedData;
+  this.headers = expectedHeaders;
 
-  this.match = function(m, u, d, h) {
-    if (method != m) return false;
-    if (!this.matchUrl(u)) return false;
-    if (angular.isDefined(d) && !this.matchData(d)) return false;
-    if (angular.isDefined(h) && !this.matchHeaders(h)) return false;
+  this.match = function(method, url, data, headers) {
+    if (expectedMethod !== method) return false;
+    if (!this.matchUrl(url)) return false;
+    if (angular.isDefined(data) && !this.matchData(data)) return false;
+    if (angular.isDefined(headers) && !this.matchHeaders(headers)) return false;
     return true;
   };
 
-  this.matchUrl = function(u) {
-    if (!url) return true;
-    if (angular.isFunction(url.test)) return url.test(u);
-    if (angular.isFunction(url)) return url(u);
-    return (url == u || compareUrl(u));
+  this.matchUrl = function(url) {
+    if (!expectedUrl) return true;
+    if (angular.isFunction(expectedUrl.test)) return expectedUrl.test(url);
+    if (angular.isFunction(expectedUrl)) return expectedUrl(url);
+    return (expectedUrl === url || compareUrlWithQuery(url));
   };
 
-  this.matchHeaders = function(h) {
-    if (angular.isUndefined(headers)) return true;
-    if (angular.isFunction(headers)) return headers(h);
-    return angular.equals(headers, h);
+  this.matchHeaders = function(headers) {
+    if (angular.isUndefined(expectedHeaders)) return true;
+    if (angular.isFunction(expectedHeaders)) return expectedHeaders(headers);
+    return angular.equals(expectedHeaders, headers);
   };
 
-  this.matchData = function(d) {
-    if (angular.isUndefined(data)) return true;
-    if (data && angular.isFunction(data.test)) return data.test(d);
-    if (data && angular.isFunction(data)) return data(d);
-    if (data && !angular.isString(data)) {
-      return angular.equals(angular.fromJson(angular.toJson(data)), angular.fromJson(d));
+  this.matchData = function(data) {
+    if (angular.isUndefined(expectedData)) return true;
+    if (expectedData && angular.isFunction(expectedData.test)) return expectedData.test(data);
+    if (expectedData && angular.isFunction(expectedData)) return expectedData(data);
+    if (expectedData && !angular.isString(expectedData)) {
+      return angular.equals(angular.fromJson(angular.toJson(expectedData)), angular.fromJson(data));
     }
-    return data == d;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+    return expectedData == data;
   };
 
   this.toString = function() {
-    return method + ' ' + url;
+    return expectedMethod + ' ' + expectedUrl;
   };
 
-  this.params = function(u) {
-    return angular.extend(parseQuery(), pathParams());
+  this.params = function(url) {
+    var queryStr = url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '' : url.substring(url.indexOf('?') + 1);
+    var strippedUrl = stripQueryAndHash(url);
 
-    function pathParams() {
-      var keyObj = {};
-      if (!url || !angular.isFunction(url.test) || !keys || keys.length === 0) return keyObj;
+    return angular.extend(extractParamsFromQuery(queryStr), extractParamsFromPath(strippedUrl));
+  };
 
-      var m = url.exec(u);
-      if (!m) return keyObj;
-      for (var i = 1, len = m.length; i < len; ++i) {
-        var key = keys[i - 1];
-        var val = m[i];
-        if (key && val) {
-          keyObj[key.name || key] = val;
-        }
-      }
+  function compareUrlWithQuery(url) {
+    var urlWithQueryRe = /^([^?]*)\?(.*)$/;
+
+    var expectedMatch = urlWithQueryRe.exec(expectedUrl);
+    var actualMatch = urlWithQueryRe.exec(url);
+
+    return !!(expectedMatch && actualMatch) &&
+      (expectedMatch[1] === actualMatch[1]) &&
+      (normalizeQuery(expectedMatch[2]) === normalizeQuery(actualMatch[2]));
+  }
+
+  function normalizeQuery(queryStr) {
+    return queryStr.split('&').sort().join('&');
+  }
 
-      return keyObj;
+  function extractParamsFromPath(strippedUrl) {
+    var keyObj = {};
+
+    if (!expectedUrl || !angular.isFunction(expectedUrl.test) ||
+        !expectedKeys || !expectedKeys.length) return keyObj;
+
+    var match = expectedUrl.exec(strippedUrl);
+    if (!match) return keyObj;
+
+    for (var i = 1, len = match.length; i < len; ++i) {
+      var key = expectedKeys[i - 1];
+      var val = match[i];
+      if (key && val) {
+        keyObj[key.name || key] = val;
+      }
     }
 
-    function parseQuery() {
-      var obj = {}, key_value, key,
-          queryStr = u.indexOf('?') > -1
-          ? u.substring(u.indexOf('?') + 1)
-          : "";
-
-      angular.forEach(queryStr.split('&'), function(keyValue) {
-        if (keyValue) {
-          key_value = keyValue.replace(/\+/g,'%20').split('=');
-          key = tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[0]);
-          if (angular.isDefined(key)) {
-            var val = angular.isDefined(key_value[1]) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[1]) : true;
-            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
-              obj[key] = val;
-            } else if (angular.isArray(obj[key])) {
-              obj[key].push(val);
-            } else {
-              obj[key] = [obj[key],val];
-            }
-          }
+    return keyObj;
+  }
+
+  function extractParamsFromQuery(queryStr) {
+    var obj = {},
+        keyValuePairs = queryStr.split('&').
+            filter(angular.identity).  // Ignore empty segments.
+            map(function(keyValue) { return keyValue.replace(/\+/g, '%20').split('='); });
+
+    angular.forEach(keyValuePairs, function(pair) {
+      var key = tryDecodeURIComponent(pair[0]);
+      if (angular.isDefined(key)) {
+        var val = angular.isDefined(pair[1]) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(pair[1]) : true;
+        if (!hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+          obj[key] = val;
+        } else if (angular.isArray(obj[key])) {
+          obj[key].push(val);
+        } else {
+          obj[key] = [obj[key], val];
         }
-      });
-      return obj;
-    }
-    function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
-      try {
-        return decodeURIComponent(value);
-      } catch (e) {
-        // Ignore any invalid uri component
       }
+    });
+
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
+    try {
+      return decodeURIComponent(value);
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Ignore any invalid uri component
     }
-  };
+  }
 }
 
 function createMockXhr() {
@@ -2019,13 +2256,13 @@ function MockXhr() {
     var header = this.$$respHeaders[name];
     if (header) return header;
 
-    name = angular.lowercase(name);
+    name = angular.$$lowercase(name);
     header = this.$$respHeaders[name];
     if (header) return header;
 
     header = undefined;
     angular.forEach(this.$$respHeaders, function(headerVal, headerName) {
-      if (!header && angular.lowercase(headerName) == name) header = headerVal;
+      if (!header && angular.$$lowercase(headerName) === name) header = headerVal;
     });
     return header;
   };
@@ -2039,10 +2276,14 @@ function MockXhr() {
     return lines.join('\n');
   };
 
-  this.abort = angular.noop;
+  this.abort = function() {
+    if (isFunction(this.onabort)) {
+      this.onabort();
+    }
+  };
 
   // This section simulates the events on a real XHR object (and the upload object)
-  // When we are testing $httpBackend (inside the angular project) we make partial use of this
+  // When we are testing $httpBackend (inside the AngularJS project) we make partial use of this
   // but store the events directly ourselves on `$$events`, instead of going through the `addEventListener`
   this.$$events = {};
   this.addEventListener = function(name, listener) {
@@ -2071,39 +2312,86 @@ angular.mock.$TimeoutDecorator = ['$delegate', '$browser', function($delegate, $
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $timeout#flush
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.7.3"
+   *
+   * This method flushes all types of tasks (not only timeouts), which is unintuitive.
+   * It is recommended to use {@link ngMock.$flushPendingTasks} instead.
+   *
    * @description
    *
    * Flushes the queue of pending tasks.
    *
+   * _This method is essentially an alias of {@link ngMock.$flushPendingTasks}._
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *   For historical reasons, this method will also flush non-`$timeout` pending tasks, such as
+   *   {@link $q} promises and tasks scheduled via
+   *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $applyAsync} and
+   *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}.
+   * </div>
+   *
    * @param {number=} delay maximum timeout amount to flush up until
    */
   $delegate.flush = function(delay) {
+    // For historical reasons, `$timeout.flush()` flushes all types of pending tasks.
+    // Keep the same behavior for backwards compatibility (and because it doesn't make sense to
+    // selectively flush scheduled events out of order).
     $browser.defer.flush(delay);
   };
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $timeout#verifyNoPendingTasks
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.7.3"
+   *
+   * This method takes all types of tasks (not only timeouts) into account, which is unintuitive.
+   * It is recommended to use {@link ngMock.$verifyNoPendingTasks} instead, which additionally
+   * allows checking for timeouts only (with `$verifyNoPendingTasks('$timeout')`).
+   *
    * @description
    *
-   * Verifies that there are no pending tasks that need to be flushed.
+   * Verifies that there are no pending tasks that need to be flushed. It throws an error if there
+   * are still pending tasks.
+   *
+   * _This method is essentially an alias of {@link ngMock.$verifyNoPendingTasks} (called with no
+   * arguments)._
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *   <p>
+   *     For historical reasons, this method will also verify non-`$timeout` pending tasks, such as
+   *     pending {@link $http} requests, in-progress {@link $route} transitions, unresolved
+   *     {@link $q} promises and tasks scheduled via
+   *     {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $applyAsync} and
+   *     {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}.
+   *   </p>
+   *   <p>
+   *     It is recommended to use {@link ngMock.$verifyNoPendingTasks} instead, which additionally
+   *     supports verifying a specific type of tasks. For example, you can verify there are no
+   *     pending timeouts with `$verifyNoPendingTasks('$timeout')`.
+   *   </p>
+   * </div>
    */
   $delegate.verifyNoPendingTasks = function() {
-    if ($browser.deferredFns.length) {
-      throw new Error('Deferred tasks to flush (' + $browser.deferredFns.length + '): ' +
-          formatPendingTasksAsString($browser.deferredFns));
+    // For historical reasons, `$timeout.verifyNoPendingTasks()` takes all types of pending tasks
+    // into account. Keep the same behavior for backwards compatibility.
+    var pendingTasks = $browser.defer.getPendingTasks();
+
+    if (pendingTasks.length) {
+      var formattedTasks = $browser.defer.formatPendingTasks(pendingTasks).join('\n  ');
+      var hasPendingTimeout = pendingTasks.some(function(task) { return task.type === '$timeout'; });
+      var extraMessage = hasPendingTimeout ? '' : '\n\nNone of the pending tasks are timeouts. ' +
+          'If you only want to verify pending timeouts, use ' +
+          '`$verifyNoPendingTasks(\'$timeout\')` instead.';
+
+      throw new Error('Deferred tasks to flush (' + pendingTasks.length + '):\n  ' +
+          formattedTasks + extraMessage);
     }
   };
 
-  function formatPendingTasksAsString(tasks) {
-    var result = [];
-    angular.forEach(tasks, function(task) {
-      result.push('{id: ' + task.id + ', ' + 'time: ' + task.time + '}');
-    });
-
-    return result.join(', ');
-  }
-
   return $delegate;
 }];
 
@@ -2153,7 +2441,6 @@ angular.mock.$RootElementProvider = function() {
  * A decorator for {@link ng.$controller} with additional `bindings` parameter, useful when testing
  * controllers of directives that use {@link $compile#-bindtocontroller- `bindToController`}.
  *
- *
  * ## Example
  *
  * ```js
@@ -2171,18 +2458,24 @@ angular.mock.$RootElementProvider = function() {
  * // Controller definition ...
  *
  * myMod.controller('MyDirectiveController', ['$log', function($log) {
- *   $log.info(this.name);
+ *   this.log = function() {
+ *     $log.info(this.name);
+ *   };
  * }]);
  *
  *
  * // In a test ...
  *
  * describe('myDirectiveController', function() {
- *   it('should write the bound name to the log', inject(function($controller, $log) {
- *     var ctrl = $controller('MyDirectiveController', { /* no locals &#42;/ }, { name: 'Clark Kent' });
- *     expect(ctrl.name).toEqual('Clark Kent');
- *     expect($log.info.logs).toEqual(['Clark Kent']);
- *   }));
+ *   describe('log()', function() {
+ *     it('should write the bound name to the log', inject(function($controller, $log) {
+ *       var ctrl = $controller('MyDirectiveController', { /* no locals &#42;/ }, { name: 'Clark Kent' });
+ *       ctrl.log();
+ *
+ *       expect(ctrl.name).toEqual('Clark Kent');
+ *       expect($log.info.logs).toEqual(['Clark Kent']);
+ *     }));
+ *   });
  * });
  *
  * ```
@@ -2193,45 +2486,51 @@ angular.mock.$RootElementProvider = function() {
  *
  *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
  *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
- *    * if $controllerProvider#allowGlobals, check `window[constructor]` on the global
- *      `window` object (not recommended)
  *
  *    The string can use the `controller as property` syntax, where the controller instance is published
  *    as the specified property on the `scope`; the `scope` must be injected into `locals` param for this
  *    to work correctly.
  *
  * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
- * @param {Object=} bindings Properties to add to the controller before invoking the constructor. This is used
- *                           to simulate the `bindToController` feature and simplify certain kinds of tests.
+ * @param {Object=} bindings Properties to add to the controller instance. This is used to simulate
+ *                           the `bindToController` feature and simplify certain kinds of tests.
  * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
  */
-angular.mock.$ControllerDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
-  return function(expression, locals, later, ident) {
-    if (later && typeof later === 'object') {
-      var instantiate = $delegate(expression, locals, true, ident);
-      angular.extend(instantiate.instance, later);
-
-      var instance = instantiate();
-      if (instance !== instantiate.instance) {
+function createControllerDecorator() {
+  angular.mock.$ControllerDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
+    return function(expression, locals, later, ident) {
+      if (later && typeof later === 'object') {
+        var instantiate = $delegate(expression, locals, true, ident);
+        var instance = instantiate();
         angular.extend(instance, later);
+        return instance;
       }
+      return $delegate(expression, locals, later, ident);
+    };
+  }];
 
-      return instance;
-    }
-    return $delegate(expression, locals, later, ident);
-  };
-}];
+  return angular.mock.$ControllerDecorator;
+}
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc service
  * @name $componentController
  * @description
- * A service that can be used to create instances of component controllers.
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * A service that can be used to create instances of component controllers. Useful for unit-testing.
+ *
  * Be aware that the controller will be instantiated and attached to the scope as specified in
  * the component definition object. If you do not provide a `$scope` object in the `locals` param
  * then the helper will create a new isolated scope as a child of `$rootScope`.
- * </div>
+ *
+ * If you are using `$element` or `$attrs` in the controller, make sure to provide them as `locals`.
+ * The `$element` must be a jqLite-wrapped DOM element, and `$attrs` should be an object that
+ * has all properties / functions that you are using in the controller. If this is getting too complex,
+ * you should compile the component instead and access the component's controller via the
+ * {@link angular.element#methods `controller`} function.
+ *
+ * See also the section on {@link guide/component#unit-testing-component-controllers unit-testing component controllers}
+ * in the guide.
+ *
  * @param {string} componentName the name of the component whose controller we want to instantiate
  * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
  * @param {Object=} bindings Properties to add to the controller before invoking the constructor. This is used
@@ -2239,7 +2538,8 @@ angular.mock.$ControllerDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
  * @param {string=} ident Override the property name to use when attaching the controller to the scope.
  * @return {Object} Instance of requested controller.
  */
-angular.mock.$ComponentControllerProvider = ['$compileProvider', function($compileProvider) {
+angular.mock.$ComponentControllerProvider = ['$compileProvider',
+    function ComponentControllerProvider($compileProvider) {
   this.$get = ['$controller','$injector', '$rootScope', function($controller, $injector, $rootScope) {
     return function $componentController(componentName, locals, bindings, ident) {
       // get all directives associated to the component name
@@ -2273,21 +2573,17 @@ angular.mock.$ComponentControllerProvider = ['$compileProvider', function($compi
  * @packageName angular-mocks
  * @description
  *
- * # ngMock
- *
- * The `ngMock` module provides support to inject and mock Angular services into unit tests.
- * In addition, ngMock also extends various core ng services such that they can be
+ * The `ngMock` module provides support to inject and mock AngularJS services into unit tests.
+ * In addition, ngMock also extends various core AngularJS services such that they can be
  * inspected and controlled in a synchronous manner within test code.
  *
- *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngMock"></div>
- *
  * @installation
  *
  *  First, download the file:
  *  * [Google CDN](https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries/devguide#angularjs) e.g.
  *    `"//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/X.Y.Z/angular-mocks.js"`
  *  * [NPM](https://www.npmjs.com/) e.g. `npm install angular-mocks@X.Y.Z`
+ *  * [Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com) e.g. `yarn add angular-mocks@X.Y.Z`
  *  * [Bower](http://bower.io) e.g. `bower install angular-mocks#X.Y.Z`
  *  * [code.angularjs.org](https://code.angularjs.org/) (discouraged for production use)  e.g.
  *    `"//code.angularjs.org/X.Y.Z/angular-mocks.js"`
@@ -2316,15 +2612,17 @@ angular.module('ngMock', ['ng']).provider({
   $exceptionHandler: angular.mock.$ExceptionHandlerProvider,
   $log: angular.mock.$LogProvider,
   $interval: angular.mock.$IntervalProvider,
-  $httpBackend: angular.mock.$HttpBackendProvider,
   $rootElement: angular.mock.$RootElementProvider,
-  $componentController: angular.mock.$ComponentControllerProvider
-}).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
+  $componentController: angular.mock.$ComponentControllerProvider,
+  $flushPendingTasks: angular.mock.$FlushPendingTasksProvider,
+  $verifyNoPendingTasks: angular.mock.$VerifyNoPendingTasksProvider
+}).config(['$provide', '$compileProvider', function($provide, $compileProvider) {
   $provide.decorator('$timeout', angular.mock.$TimeoutDecorator);
   $provide.decorator('$$rAF', angular.mock.$RAFDecorator);
   $provide.decorator('$rootScope', angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator);
-  $provide.decorator('$controller', angular.mock.$ControllerDecorator);
-}]);
+  $provide.decorator('$controller', createControllerDecorator($compileProvider));
+  $provide.decorator('$httpBackend', angular.mock.$httpBackendDecorator);
+}]).info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' });
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc module
@@ -2333,14 +2631,13 @@ angular.module('ngMock', ['ng']).provider({
  * @packageName angular-mocks
  * @description
  *
- * The `ngMockE2E` is an angular module which contains mocks suitable for end-to-end testing.
+ * The `ngMockE2E` is an AngularJS module which contains mocks suitable for end-to-end testing.
  * Currently there is only one mock present in this module -
  * the {@link ngMockE2E.$httpBackend e2e $httpBackend} mock.
  */
 angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
-  $provide.value('$httpBackend', angular.injector(['ng']).get('$httpBackend'));
   $provide.decorator('$httpBackend', angular.mock.e2e.$httpBackendDecorator);
-}]);
+}]).info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' });
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc service
@@ -2387,19 +2684,19 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  *       phones.push(phone);
  *       return [200, phone, {}];
  *     });
- *     $httpBackend.whenGET(/^\/templates\//).passThrough(); // Requests for templare are handled by the real server
+ *     $httpBackend.whenGET(/^\/templates\//).passThrough(); // Requests for templates are handled by the real server
  *     //...
  *   });
  * ```
  *
  * Afterwards, bootstrap your app with this new module.
  *
- * ## Example
+ * @example
  * <example name="httpbackend-e2e-testing" module="myAppE2E" deps="angular-mocks.js">
  * <file name="app.js">
  *   var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
  *
- *   myApp.controller('main', function($http) {
+ *   myApp.controller('MainCtrl', function MainCtrl($http) {
  *     var ctrl = this;
  *
  *     ctrl.phones = [];
@@ -2441,7 +2738,7 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  *   });
  * </file>
  * <file name="index.html">
- *   <div ng-controller="main as $ctrl">
+ *   <div ng-controller="MainCtrl as $ctrl">
  *   <form name="newPhoneForm" ng-submit="$ctrl.addPhone($ctrl.newPhone)">
  *     <input type="text" ng-model="$ctrl.newPhone.name">
  *     <input type="submit" value="Add Phone">
@@ -2465,9 +2762,10 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * Creates a new backend definition.
  *
  * @param {string} method HTTP method.
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
- * @param {(string|RegExp)=} data HTTP request body.
+ * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string))=} data HTTP request body or function that receives
+ *   data string and returns true if the data is as expected.
  * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers or function that receives http header
  *   object and returns true if the headers match the current definition.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
@@ -2497,7 +2795,7 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * @description
  * Creates a new backend definition for GET requests. For more info see `when()`.
  *
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
  * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
@@ -2514,7 +2812,7 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * @description
  * Creates a new backend definition for HEAD requests. For more info see `when()`.
  *
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
  * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
@@ -2531,7 +2829,7 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * @description
  * Creates a new backend definition for DELETE requests. For more info see `when()`.
  *
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
  * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
@@ -2548,9 +2846,10 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * @description
  * Creates a new backend definition for POST requests. For more info see `when()`.
  *
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
- * @param {(string|RegExp)=} data HTTP request body.
+ * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string))=} data HTTP request body or function that receives
+ *   data string and returns true if the data is as expected.
  * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
  *   {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
@@ -2566,9 +2865,10 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * @description
  * Creates a new backend definition for PUT requests.  For more info see `when()`.
  *
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
- * @param {(string|RegExp)=} data HTTP request body.
+ * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string))=} data HTTP request body or function that receives
+ *   data string and returns true if the data is as expected.
  * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
  *   {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
@@ -2584,9 +2884,10 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * @description
  * Creates a new backend definition for PATCH requests.  For more info see `when()`.
  *
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
- * @param {(string|RegExp)=} data HTTP request body.
+ * @param {(string|RegExp|function(string))=} data HTTP request body or function that receives
+ *   data string and returns true if the data is as expected.
  * @param {(Object|function(Object))=} headers HTTP headers.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
  *   {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
@@ -2602,7 +2903,7 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  * @description
  * Creates a new backend definition for JSONP requests. For more info see `when()`.
  *
- * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
+ * @param {string|RegExp|function(string)=} url HTTP url or function that receives a url
  *   and returns true if the url matches the current definition.
  * @param {(Array)=} keys Array of keys to assign to regex matches in request url described on
  *   {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
@@ -2623,6 +2924,39 @@ angular.module('ngMockE2E', ['ng']).config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  *   control how a matched request is handled. You can save this object for later use and invoke
  *   `respond` or `passThrough` again in order to change how a matched request is handled.
  */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name  $httpBackend#matchLatestDefinitionEnabled
+ * @module ngMockE2E
+ * @description
+ * This method can be used to change which mocked responses `$httpBackend` returns, when defining
+ * them with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#when $httpBackend.when()} (and shortcut methods).
+ * By default, `$httpBackend` returns the first definition that matches. When setting
+ * `$http.matchLatestDefinitionEnabled(true)`, it will use the last response that matches, i.e. the
+ * one that was added last.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(200, 'content', {});
+ * hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(201, 'another', {});
+ * hb('GET', '/url1'); // receives "content"
+ *
+ * $http.matchLatestDefinitionEnabled(true)
+ * hb('GET', '/url1'); // receives "another"
+ *
+ * hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(201, 'onemore', {});
+ * hb('GET', '/url1'); // receives "onemore"
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This is useful if a you have a default response that is overriden inside specific tests.
+ *
+ * Note that different from config methods on providers, `matchLatestDefinitionEnabled()` can be changed
+ * even when the application is already running.
+ *
+ * @param  {Boolean=} value value to set, either `true` or `false`. Default is `false`.
+ *                          If omitted, it will return the current value.
+ * @return {$httpBackend|Boolean} self when used as a setter, and the current value when used
+ *                                as a getter
+ */
 angular.mock.e2e = {};
 angular.mock.e2e.$httpBackendDecorator =
   ['$rootScope', '$timeout', '$delegate', '$browser', createHttpBackendMock];
@@ -2654,6 +2988,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $rootScope.Scope#$countChildScopes
    * @module ngMock
+   * @this $rootScope.Scope
    * @description
    * Counts all the direct and indirect child scopes of the current scope.
    *
@@ -2662,7 +2997,6 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
    * @returns {number} Total number of child scopes.
    */
   function countChildScopes() {
-    // jshint validthis: true
     var count = 0; // exclude the current scope
     var pendingChildHeads = [this.$$childHead];
     var currentScope;
@@ -2684,6 +3018,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $rootScope.Scope#$countWatchers
+   * @this $rootScope.Scope
    * @module ngMock
    * @description
    * Counts all the watchers of direct and indirect child scopes of the current scope.
@@ -2694,7 +3029,6 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
    * @returns {number} Total number of watchers.
    */
   function countWatchers() {
-    // jshint validthis: true
     var count = this.$$watchers ? this.$$watchers.length : 0; // include the current scope
     var pendingChildHeads = [this.$$childHead];
     var currentScope;
@@ -2714,7 +3048,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
 }];
 
 
-!(function(jasmineOrMocha) {
+(function(jasmineOrMocha) {
 
   if (!jasmineOrMocha) {
     return;
@@ -2809,7 +3143,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
    *
    * You cannot call `sharedInjector()` from within a context already using `sharedInjector()`.
    *
-   * ## Example
+   * ## Example
    *
    * Typically beforeAll is used to make many assertions about a single operation. This can
    * cut down test run-time as the test setup doesn't need to be re-run, and enabling focussed
@@ -2847,14 +3181,14 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
    */
   module.sharedInjector = function() {
     if (!(module.$$beforeAllHook && module.$$afterAllHook)) {
-      throw Error("sharedInjector() cannot be used unless your test runner defines beforeAll/afterAll");
+      throw Error('sharedInjector() cannot be used unless your test runner defines beforeAll/afterAll');
     }
 
     var initialized = false;
 
-    module.$$beforeAllHook(function() {
+    module.$$beforeAllHook(/** @this */ function() {
       if (injectorState.shared) {
-        injectorState.sharedError = Error("sharedInjector() cannot be called inside a context that has already called sharedInjector()");
+        injectorState.sharedError = Error('sharedInjector() cannot be called inside a context that has already called sharedInjector()');
         throw injectorState.sharedError;
       }
       initialized = true;
@@ -2873,10 +3207,10 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
   };
 
   module.$$beforeEach = function() {
-    if (injectorState.shared && currentSpec && currentSpec != this) {
+    if (injectorState.shared && currentSpec && currentSpec !== this) {
       var state = currentSpec;
       currentSpec = this;
-      angular.forEach(["$injector","$modules","$providerInjector", "$injectorStrict"], function(k) {
+      angular.forEach(['$injector','$modules','$providerInjector', '$injectorStrict'], function(k) {
         currentSpec[k] = state[k];
         state[k] = null;
       });
@@ -2900,12 +3234,6 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
       delete fn.$inject;
     });
 
-    angular.forEach(currentSpec.$modules, function(module) {
-      if (module && module.$$hashKey) {
-        module.$$hashKey = undefined;
-      }
-    });
-
     currentSpec.$injector = null;
     currentSpec.$modules = null;
     currentSpec.$providerInjector = null;
@@ -2967,7 +3295,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
    * These are ignored by the injector when the reference name is resolved.
    *
    * For example, the parameter `_myService_` would be resolved as the reference `myService`.
-   * Since it is available in the function body as _myService_, we can then assign it to a variable
+   * Since it is available in the function body as `_myService_`, we can then assign it to a variable
    * defined in an outer scope.
    *
    * ```
@@ -3031,7 +3359,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
 
 
 
-  var ErrorAddingDeclarationLocationStack = function(e, errorForStack) {
+  var ErrorAddingDeclarationLocationStack = function ErrorAddingDeclarationLocationStack(e, errorForStack) {
     this.message = e.message;
     this.name = e.name;
     if (e.line) this.line = e.line;
@@ -3049,11 +3377,11 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
     if (!errorForStack.stack) {
       try {
         throw errorForStack;
-      } catch (e) {}
+      } catch (e) { /* empty */ }
     }
-    return wasInjectorCreated() ? workFn.call(currentSpec) : workFn;
+    return wasInjectorCreated() ? WorkFn.call(currentSpec) : WorkFn;
     /////////////////////
-    function workFn() {
+    function WorkFn() {
       var modules = currentSpec.$modules || [];
       var strictDi = !!currentSpec.$injectorStrict;
       modules.unshift(['$injector', function($injector) {
@@ -3066,7 +3394,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
         if (strictDi) {
           // If strictDi is enabled, annotate the providerInjector blocks
           angular.forEach(modules, function(moduleFn) {
-            if (typeof moduleFn === "function") {
+            if (typeof moduleFn === 'function') {
               angular.injector.$$annotate(moduleFn);
             }
           });
@@ -3081,9 +3409,7 @@ angular.mock.$RootScopeDecorator = ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
           injector.annotate(blockFns[i]);
         }
         try {
-          /* jshint -W040 *//* Jasmine explicitly provides a `this` object when calling functions */
           injector.invoke(blockFns[i] || angular.noop, this);
-          /* jshint +W040 */
         } catch (e) {
           if (e.stack && errorForStack) {
             throw new ErrorAddingDeclarationLocationStack(e, errorForStack);
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-parse-ext.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-parse-ext.js
index 42e1335..0edc89d 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-parse-ext.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-parse-ext.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -1223,24 +1223,27 @@ function IDC_Y(cp) {
   return false;
 }
 
+/* eslint-disable new-cap */
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc module
  * @name ngParseExt
  * @packageName angular-parse-ext
- * @description
  *
- * # ngParseExt
+ * @description
  *
  * The `ngParseExt` module provides functionality to allow Unicode characters in
- * identifiers inside Angular expressions.
- *
- *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngParseExt"></div>
+ * identifiers inside AngularJS expressions.
  *
  * This module allows the usage of any identifier that follows ES6 identifier naming convention
- * to be used as an identifier in an Angular expression. ES6 delegates some of the identifier
+ * to be used as an identifier in an AngularJS expression. ES6 delegates some of the identifier
  * rules definition to Unicode, this module uses ES6 and Unicode 8.0 identifiers convention.
  *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * You cannot use Unicode characters for variable names in the {@link ngRepeat} or {@link ngOptions}
+ * expressions (e.g. `ng-repeat="f in поля"`), because even with `ngParseExt` included, these
+ * special expressions are not parsed by the {@link $parse} service.
+ * </div>
  */
 
 /* global angularParseExtModule: true,
@@ -1265,7 +1268,8 @@ function isValidIdentifierContinue(ch, cp) {
 angular.module('ngParseExt', [])
   .config(['$parseProvider', function($parseProvider) {
     $parseProvider.setIdentifierFns(isValidIdentifierStart, isValidIdentifierContinue);
-  }]);
+  }])
+  .info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' });
 
 
 })(window, window.angular);
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-resource.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-resource.js
index e8bb301..b98a438 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-resource.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-resource.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -53,14 +53,9 @@ function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
  * @name ngResource
  * @description
  *
- * # ngResource
- *
  * The `ngResource` module provides interaction support with RESTful services
  * via the $resource service.
  *
- *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngResource"></div>
- *
  * See {@link ngResource.$resourceProvider} and {@link ngResource.$resource} for usage.
  */
 
@@ -120,30 +115,35 @@ function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
  *
  * @param {Object=} paramDefaults Default values for `url` parameters. These can be overridden in
  *   `actions` methods. If a parameter value is a function, it will be called every time
- *   a param value needs to be obtained for a request (unless the param was overridden). The function
- *   will be passed the current data value as an argument.
+ *   a param value needs to be obtained for a request (unless the param was overridden). The
+ *   function will be passed the current data value as an argument.
  *
  *   Each key value in the parameter object is first bound to url template if present and then any
  *   excess keys are appended to the url search query after the `?`.
  *
- *   Given a template `/path/:verb` and parameter `{verb:'greet', salutation:'Hello'}` results in
+ *   Given a template `/path/:verb` and parameter `{verb: 'greet', salutation: 'Hello'}` results in
  *   URL `/path/greet?salutation=Hello`.
  *
  *   If the parameter value is prefixed with `@`, then the value for that parameter will be
- *   extracted from the corresponding property on the `data` object (provided when calling a
- *   "non-GET" action method).
+ *   extracted from the corresponding property on the `data` object (provided when calling actions
+ *   with a request body).
  *   For example, if the `defaultParam` object is `{someParam: '@someProp'}` then the value of
  *   `someParam` will be `data.someProp`.
  *   Note that the parameter will be ignored, when calling a "GET" action method (i.e. an action
- *   method that does not accept a request body)
+ *   method that does not accept a request body).
+ *
+ * @param {Object.<Object>=} actions Hash with declaration of custom actions that will be available
+ *   in addition to the default set of resource actions (see below). If a custom action has the same
+ *   key as a default action (e.g. `save`), then the default action will be *overwritten*, and not
+ *   extended.
  *
- * @param {Object.<Object>=} actions Hash with declaration of custom actions that should extend
- *   the default set of resource actions. The declaration should be created in the format of {@link
- *   ng.$http#usage $http.config}:
+ *   The declaration should be created in the format of {@link ng.$http#usage $http.config}:
  *
- *       {action1: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, headers:?, ...},
- *        action2: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, headers:?, ...},
- *        ...}
+ *       {
+ *         action1: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, headers:?, ...},
+ *         action2: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, headers:?, ...},
+ *         ...
+ *       }
  *
  *   Where:
  *
@@ -155,46 +155,58 @@ function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
  *     the parameter value is a function, it will be called every time when a param value needs to
  *     be obtained for a request (unless the param was overridden). The function will be passed the
  *     current data value as an argument.
- *   - **`url`** – {string} – action specific `url` override. The url templating is supported just
+ *   - **`url`** – {string} – Action specific `url` override. The url templating is supported just
  *     like for the resource-level urls.
  *   - **`isArray`** – {boolean=} – If true then the returned object for this action is an array,
  *     see `returns` section.
  *   - **`transformRequest`** –
  *     `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
- *     transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+ *     Transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
  *     request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
  *     By default, transformRequest will contain one function that checks if the request data is
- *     an object and serializes to using `angular.toJson`. To prevent this behavior, set
+ *     an object and serializes it using `angular.toJson`. To prevent this behavior, set
  *     `transformRequest` to an empty array: `transformRequest: []`
  *   - **`transformResponse`** –
- *     `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
- *     transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
- *     response body and headers and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
+ *     `{function(data, headersGetter, status)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter, status)>}` –
+ *     Transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the HTTP
+ *     response body, headers and status and returns its transformed (typically deserialized)
+ *     version.
  *     By default, transformResponse will contain one function that checks if the response looks
  *     like a JSON string and deserializes it using `angular.fromJson`. To prevent this behavior,
  *     set `transformResponse` to an empty array: `transformResponse: []`
- *   - **`cache`** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
- *     GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
- *     {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
- *     caching.
- *   - **`timeout`** – `{number}` – timeout in milliseconds.<br />
+ *   - **`cache`** – `{boolean|Cache}` – A boolean value or object created with
+ *     {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`} to enable or disable caching of the HTTP response.
+ *     See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
+ *   - **`timeout`** – `{number}` – Timeout in milliseconds.<br />
  *     **Note:** In contrast to {@link ng.$http#usage $http.config}, {@link ng.$q promises} are
- *     **not** supported in $resource, because the same value would be used for multiple requests.
+ *     **not** supported in `$resource`, because the same value would be used for multiple requests.
  *     If you are looking for a way to cancel requests, you should use the `cancellable` option.
- *   - **`cancellable`** – `{boolean}` – if set to true, the request made by a "non-instance" call
- *     will be cancelled (if not already completed) by calling `$cancelRequest()` on the call's
- *     return value. Calling `$cancelRequest()` for a non-cancellable or an already
- *     completed/cancelled request will have no effect.<br />
- *   - **`withCredentials`** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
+ *   - **`cancellable`** – `{boolean}` – If true, the request made by a "non-instance" call will be
+ *     cancelled (if not already completed) by calling `$cancelRequest()` on the call's return
+ *     value. Calling `$cancelRequest()` for a non-cancellable or an already completed/cancelled
+ *     request will have no effect.
+ *   - **`withCredentials`** – `{boolean}` – Whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
  *     XHR object. See
- *     [requests with credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/http_access_control#section_5)
+ *     [XMLHttpRequest.withCredentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/withCredentials)
  *     for more information.
- *   - **`responseType`** - `{string}` - see
- *     [requestType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest#responseType).
- *   - **`interceptor`** - `{Object=}` - The interceptor object has two optional methods -
- *     `response` and `responseError`. Both `response` and `responseError` interceptors get called
- *     with `http response` object. See {@link ng.$http $http interceptors}.
- *
+ *   - **`responseType`** – `{string}` – See
+ *     [XMLHttpRequest.responseType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/responseType).
+ *   - **`interceptor`** – `{Object=}` – The interceptor object has four optional methods -
+ *     `request`, `requestError`, `response`, and `responseError`. See
+ *     {@link ng.$http#interceptors $http interceptors} for details. Note that
+ *     `request`/`requestError` interceptors are applied before calling `$http`, thus before any
+ *     global `$http` interceptors. Also, rejecting or throwing an error inside the `request`
+ *     interceptor will result in calling the `responseError` interceptor.
+ *     The resource instance or collection is available on the `resource` property of the
+ *     `http response` object passed to `response`/`responseError` interceptors.
+ *     Keep in mind that the associated promise will be resolved with the value returned by the
+ *     response interceptors. Make sure you return an appropriate value and not the `response`
+ *     object passed as input. For reference, the default `response` interceptor (which gets applied
+ *     if you don't specify a custom one) returns `response.resource`.<br />
+ *     See {@link ngResource.$resource#using-interceptors below} for an example of using
+ *     interceptors in `$resource`.
+ *   - **`hasBody`** – `{boolean}` – If true, then the request will have a body.
+ *     If not specified, then only POST, PUT and PATCH requests will have a body. *
  * @param {Object} options Hash with custom settings that should extend the
  *   default `$resourceProvider` behavior.  The supported options are:
  *
@@ -207,27 +219,29 @@ function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
  * @returns {Object} A resource "class" object with methods for the default set of resource actions
  *   optionally extended with custom `actions`. The default set contains these actions:
  *   ```js
- *   { 'get':    {method:'GET'},
- *     'save':   {method:'POST'},
- *     'query':  {method:'GET', isArray:true},
- *     'remove': {method:'DELETE'},
- *     'delete': {method:'DELETE'} };
+ *   {
+ *     'get':    {method: 'GET'},
+ *     'save':   {method: 'POST'},
+ *     'query':  {method: 'GET', isArray: true},
+ *     'remove': {method: 'DELETE'},
+ *     'delete': {method: 'DELETE'}
+ *   }
  *   ```
  *
- *   Calling these methods invoke an {@link ng.$http} with the specified http method,
- *   destination and parameters. When the data is returned from the server then the object is an
- *   instance of the resource class. The actions `save`, `remove` and `delete` are available on it
- *   as  methods with the `$` prefix. This allows you to easily perform CRUD operations (create,
- *   read, update, delete) on server-side data like this:
+ *   Calling these methods invoke {@link ng.$http} with the specified http method, destination and
+ *   parameters. When the data is returned from the server then the object is an instance of the
+ *   resource class. The actions `save`, `remove` and `delete` are available on it as methods with
+ *   the `$` prefix. This allows you to easily perform CRUD operations (create, read, update,
+ *   delete) on server-side data like this:
  *   ```js
- *   var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
- *   var user = User.get({userId:123}, function() {
+ *   var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId: '@id'});
+ *   User.get({userId: 123}).$promise.then(function(user) {
  *     user.abc = true;
  *     user.$save();
  *   });
  *   ```
  *
- *   It is important to realize that invoking a $resource object method immediately returns an
+ *   It is important to realize that invoking a `$resource` object method immediately returns an
  *   empty reference (object or array depending on `isArray`). Once the data is returned from the
  *   server the existing reference is populated with the actual data. This is a useful trick since
  *   usually the resource is assigned to a model which is then rendered by the view. Having an empty
@@ -238,37 +252,43 @@ function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
  *   The action methods on the class object or instance object can be invoked with the following
  *   parameters:
  *
- *   - HTTP GET "class" actions: `Resource.action([parameters], [success], [error])`
- *   - non-GET "class" actions: `Resource.action([parameters], postData, [success], [error])`
- *   - non-GET instance actions:  `instance.$action([parameters], [success], [error])`
+ *   - "class" actions without a body: `Resource.action([parameters], [success], [error])`
+ *   - "class" actions with a body: `Resource.action([parameters], postData, [success], [error])`
+ *   - instance actions: `instance.$action([parameters], [success], [error])`
+ *
+ *
+ *   When calling instance methods, the instance itself is used as the request body (if the action
+ *   should have a body). By default, only actions using `POST`, `PUT` or `PATCH` have request
+ *   bodies, but you can use the `hasBody` configuration option to specify whether an action
+ *   should have a body or not (regardless of its HTTP method).
  *
  *
- *   Success callback is called with (value, responseHeaders) arguments, where the value is
- *   the populated resource instance or collection object. The error callback is called
- *   with (httpResponse) argument.
+ *   Success callback is called with (value (Object|Array), responseHeaders (Function),
+ *   status (number), statusText (string)) arguments, where `value` is the populated resource
+ *   instance or collection object. The error callback is called with (httpResponse) argument.
  *
- *   Class actions return empty instance (with additional properties below).
- *   Instance actions return promise of the action.
+ *   Class actions return an empty instance (with the additional properties listed below).
+ *   Instance actions return a promise for the operation.
  *
  *   The Resource instances and collections have these additional properties:
  *
- *   - `$promise`: the {@link ng.$q promise} of the original server interaction that created this
+ *   - `$promise`: The {@link ng.$q promise} of the original server interaction that created this
  *     instance or collection.
  *
  *     On success, the promise is resolved with the same resource instance or collection object,
- *     updated with data from server. This makes it easy to use in
- *     {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider resolve section of $routeProvider.when()} to defer view
+ *     updated with data from server. This makes it easy to use in the
+ *     {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider `resolve` section of `$routeProvider.when()`} to defer view
  *     rendering until the resource(s) are loaded.
  *
- *     On failure, the promise is rejected with the {@link ng.$http http response} object, without
- *     the `resource` property.
+ *     On failure, the promise is rejected with the {@link ng.$http http response} object.
  *
  *     If an interceptor object was provided, the promise will instead be resolved with the value
- *     returned by the interceptor.
+ *     returned by the response interceptor (on success) or responceError interceptor (on failure).
  *
  *   - `$resolved`: `true` after first server interaction is completed (either with success or
  *      rejection), `false` before that. Knowing if the Resource has been resolved is useful in
- *      data-binding.
+ *      data-binding. If there is a response/responseError interceptor and it returns a promise,
+ *      `$resolved` will wait for that too.
  *
  *   The Resource instances and collections have these additional methods:
  *
@@ -279,138 +299,145 @@ function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
  *
  *   - `toJSON`: It returns a simple object without any of the extra properties added as part of
  *     the Resource API. This object can be serialized through {@link angular.toJson} safely
- *     without attaching Angular-specific fields. Notice that `JSON.stringify` (and
+ *     without attaching AngularJS-specific fields. Notice that `JSON.stringify` (and
  *     `angular.toJson`) automatically use this method when serializing a Resource instance
- *     (see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/stringify#toJSON()_behavior)).
+ *     (see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/stringify#toJSON%28%29_behavior)).
  *
  * @example
  *
- * # Credit card resource
+ * ### Basic usage
  *
- * ```js
-     // Define CreditCard class
-     var CreditCard = $resource('/user/:userId/card/:cardId',
-      {userId:123, cardId:'@id'}, {
-       charge: {method:'POST', params:{charge:true}}
-      });
+   ```js
+     // Define a CreditCard class
+     var CreditCard = $resource('/users/:userId/cards/:cardId',
+       {userId: 123, cardId: '@id'}, {
+         charge: {method: 'POST', params: {charge: true}}
+       });
 
      // We can retrieve a collection from the server
-     var cards = CreditCard.query(function() {
-       // GET: /user/123/card
-       // server returns: [ {id:456, number:'1234', name:'Smith'} ];
+     var cards = CreditCard.query();
+         // GET: /users/123/cards
+         // server returns: [{id: 456, number: '1234', name: 'Smith'}]
 
+     // Wait for the request to complete
+     cards.$promise.then(function() {
        var card = cards[0];
-       // each item is an instance of CreditCard
+
+       // Each item is an instance of CreditCard
        expect(card instanceof CreditCard).toEqual(true);
-       card.name = "J. Smith";
-       // non GET methods are mapped onto the instances
+
+       // Non-GET methods are mapped onto the instances
+       card.name = 'J. Smith';
        card.$save();
-       // POST: /user/123/card/456 {id:456, number:'1234', name:'J. Smith'}
-       // server returns: {id:456, number:'1234', name: 'J. Smith'};
+           // POST: /users/123/cards/456 {id: 456, number: '1234', name: 'J. Smith'}
+           // server returns: {id: 456, number: '1234', name: 'J. Smith'}
 
-       // our custom method is mapped as well.
-       card.$charge({amount:9.99});
-       // POST: /user/123/card/456?amount=9.99&charge=true {id:456, number:'1234', name:'J. Smith'}
+       // Our custom method is mapped as well (since it uses POST)
+       card.$charge({amount: 9.99});
+           // POST: /users/123/cards/456?amount=9.99&charge=true {id: 456, number: '1234', name: 'J. Smith'}
      });
 
-     // we can create an instance as well
-     var newCard = new CreditCard({number:'0123'});
-     newCard.name = "Mike Smith";
-     newCard.$save();
-     // POST: /user/123/card {number:'0123', name:'Mike Smith'}
-     // server returns: {id:789, number:'0123', name: 'Mike Smith'};
-     expect(newCard.id).toEqual(789);
- * ```
+     // We can create an instance as well
+     var newCard = new CreditCard({number: '0123'});
+     newCard.name = 'Mike Smith';
+
+     var savePromise = newCard.$save();
+         // POST: /users/123/cards {number: '0123', name: 'Mike Smith'}
+         // server returns: {id: 789, number: '0123', name: 'Mike Smith'}
+
+     savePromise.then(function() {
+       // Once the promise is resolved, the created instance
+       // is populated with the data returned by the server
+       expect(newCard.id).toEqual(789);
+     });
+   ```
  *
- * The object returned from this function execution is a resource "class" which has "static" method
- * for each action in the definition.
+ * The object returned from a call to `$resource` is a resource "class" which has one "static"
+ * method for each action in the definition.
  *
- * Calling these methods invoke `$http` on the `url` template with the given `method`, `params` and
- * `headers`.
+ * Calling these methods invokes `$http` on the `url` template with the given HTTP `method`,
+ * `params` and `headers`.
  *
  * @example
  *
- * # User resource
+ * ### Accessing the response
  *
  * When the data is returned from the server then the object is an instance of the resource type and
  * all of the non-GET methods are available with `$` prefix. This allows you to easily support CRUD
  * operations (create, read, update, delete) on server-side data.
-
+ *
    ```js
-     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
-     User.get({userId:123}, function(user) {
+     var User = $resource('/users/:userId', {userId: '@id'});
+     User.get({userId: 123}).$promise.then(function(user) {
        user.abc = true;
        user.$save();
      });
    ```
  *
- * It's worth noting that the success callback for `get`, `query` and other methods gets passed
- * in the response that came from the server as well as $http header getter function, so one
- * could rewrite the above example and get access to http headers as:
+ * It's worth noting that the success callback for `get`, `query` and other methods gets called with
+ * the resource instance (populated with the data that came from the server) as well as an `$http`
+ * header getter function, the HTTP status code and the response status text. So one could rewrite
+ * the above example and get access to HTTP headers as follows:
  *
    ```js
-     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
-     User.get({userId:123}, function(user, getResponseHeaders){
+     var User = $resource('/users/:userId', {userId: '@id'});
+     User.get({userId: 123}, function(user, getResponseHeaders) {
        user.abc = true;
        user.$save(function(user, putResponseHeaders) {
-         //user => saved user object
-         //putResponseHeaders => $http header getter
+         // `user` => saved `User` object
+         // `putResponseHeaders` => `$http` header getter
        });
      });
    ```
  *
- * You can also access the raw `$http` promise via the `$promise` property on the object returned
- *
-   ```
-     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
-     User.get({userId:123})
-         .$promise.then(function(user) {
-           $scope.user = user;
-         });
-   ```
- *
  * @example
  *
- * # Creating a custom 'PUT' request
+ * ### Creating custom actions
  *
- * In this example we create a custom method on our resource to make a PUT request
- * ```js
- *    var app = angular.module('app', ['ngResource', 'ngRoute']);
- *
- *    // Some APIs expect a PUT request in the format URL/object/ID
- *    // Here we are creating an 'update' method
- *    app.factory('Notes', ['$resource', function($resource) {
- *    return $resource('/notes/:id', null,
- *        {
- *            'update': { method:'PUT' }
- *        });
- *    }]);
- *
- *    // In our controller we get the ID from the URL using ngRoute and $routeParams
- *    // We pass in $routeParams and our Notes factory along with $scope
- *    app.controller('NotesCtrl', ['$scope', '$routeParams', 'Notes',
-                                      function($scope, $routeParams, Notes) {
- *    // First get a note object from the factory
- *    var note = Notes.get({ id:$routeParams.id });
- *    $id = note.id;
- *
- *    // Now call update passing in the ID first then the object you are updating
- *    Notes.update({ id:$id }, note);
- *
- *    // This will PUT /notes/ID with the note object in the request payload
- *    }]);
- * ```
+ * In this example we create a custom method on our resource to make a PUT request:
+ *
+   ```js
+      var app = angular.module('app', ['ngResource']);
+
+      // Some APIs expect a PUT request in the format URL/object/ID
+      // Here we are creating an 'update' method
+      app.factory('Notes', ['$resource', function($resource) {
+        return $resource('/notes/:id', {id: '@id'}, {
+          update: {method: 'PUT'}
+        });
+      }]);
+
+      // In our controller we get the ID from the URL using `$location`
+      app.controller('NotesCtrl', ['$location', 'Notes', function($location, Notes) {
+        // First, retrieve the corresponding `Note` object from the server
+        // (Assuming a URL of the form `.../notes?id=XYZ`)
+        var noteId = $location.search().id;
+        var note = Notes.get({id: noteId});
+
+        note.$promise.then(function() {
+          note.content = 'Hello, world!';
+
+          // Now call `update` to save the changes on the server
+          Notes.update(note);
+              // This will PUT /notes/ID with the note object as the request payload
+
+          // Since `update` is a non-GET method, it will also be available on the instance
+          // (prefixed with `$`), so we could replace the `Note.update()` call with:
+          //note.$update();
+        });
+      }]);
+   ```
  *
  * @example
  *
- * # Cancelling requests
+ * ### Cancelling requests
  *
  * If an action's configuration specifies that it is cancellable, you can cancel the request related
  * to an instance or collection (as long as it is a result of a "non-instance" call):
  *
    ```js
      // ...defining the `Hotel` resource...
-     var Hotel = $resource('/api/hotel/:id', {id: '@id'}, {
+     var Hotel = $resource('/api/hotels/:id', {id: '@id'}, {
        // Let's make the `query()` method cancellable
        query: {method: 'get', isArray: true, cancellable: true}
      });
@@ -420,18 +447,60 @@ function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
      this.onDestinationChanged = function onDestinationChanged(destination) {
        // We don't care about any pending request for hotels
        // in a different destination any more
-       this.availableHotels.$cancelRequest();
+       if (this.availableHotels) {
+         this.availableHotels.$cancelRequest();
+       }
 
-       // Let's query for hotels in '<destination>'
-       // (calls: /api/hotel?location=<destination>)
+       // Let's query for hotels in `destination`
+       // (calls: /api/hotels?location=<destination>)
        this.availableHotels = Hotel.query({location: destination});
      };
    ```
  *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ### Using interceptors
+ *
+ * You can use interceptors to transform the request or response, perform additional operations, and
+ * modify the returned instance/collection. The following example, uses `request` and `response`
+ * interceptors to augment the returned instance with additional info:
+ *
+   ```js
+     var Thing = $resource('/api/things/:id', {id: '@id'}, {
+       save: {
+         method: 'POST',
+         interceptor: {
+           request: function(config) {
+             // Before the request is sent out, store a timestamp on the request config
+             config.requestTimestamp = Date.now();
+             return config;
+           },
+           response: function(response) {
+             // Get the instance from the response object
+             var instance = response.resource;
+
+             // Augment the instance with a custom `saveLatency` property, computed as the time
+             // between sending the request and receiving the response.
+             instance.saveLatency = Date.now() - response.config.requestTimestamp;
+
+             // Return the instance
+             return instance;
+           }
+         }
+       }
+     });
+
+     Thing.save({foo: 'bar'}).$promise.then(function(thing) {
+       console.log('That thing was saved in ' + thing.saveLatency + 'ms.');
+     });
+   ```
+ *
  */
 angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
-  provider('$resource', function() {
-    var PROTOCOL_AND_DOMAIN_REGEX = /^https?:\/\/[^\/]*/;
+  info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' }).
+  provider('$resource', function ResourceProvider() {
+    var PROTOCOL_AND_IPV6_REGEX = /^https?:\/\/\[[^\]]*][^/]*/;
+
     var provider = this;
 
     /**
@@ -475,11 +544,11 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
      * ```js
      *   angular.
      *     module('myApp').
-     *     config(['resourceProvider', function ($resourceProvider) {
+     *     config(['$resourceProvider', function ($resourceProvider) {
      *       $resourceProvider.defaults.actions.update = {
      *         method: 'PUT'
      *       };
-     *     });
+     *     }]);
      * ```
      *
      * Or you can even overwrite the whole `actions` list and specify your own:
@@ -487,9 +556,9 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
      * ```js
      *   angular.
      *     module('myApp').
-     *     config(['resourceProvider', function ($resourceProvider) {
+     *     config(['$resourceProvider', function ($resourceProvider) {
      *       $resourceProvider.defaults.actions = {
-     *         create: {method: 'POST'}
+     *         create: {method: 'POST'},
      *         get:    {method: 'GET'},
      *         getAll: {method: 'GET', isArray:true},
      *         update: {method: 'PUT'},
@@ -519,49 +588,15 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
     this.$get = ['$http', '$log', '$q', '$timeout', function($http, $log, $q, $timeout) {
 
       var noop = angular.noop,
-        forEach = angular.forEach,
-        extend = angular.extend,
-        copy = angular.copy,
-        isFunction = angular.isFunction;
-
-      /**
-       * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
-       * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set
-       * (pchar) allowed in path segments:
-       *    segment       = *pchar
-       *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
-       *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
-       *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
-       *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
-       *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
-       */
-      function encodeUriSegment(val) {
-        return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
-          replace(/%26/gi, '&').
-          replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
-          replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
-      }
-
-
-      /**
-       * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a
-       * custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't
-       * have to be encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
-       *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
-       *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
-       *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
-       *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
-       *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
-       *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
-       */
-      function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
-        return encodeURIComponent(val).
-          replace(/%40/gi, '@').
-          replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
-          replace(/%24/g, '$').
-          replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
-          replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
-      }
+          forEach = angular.forEach,
+          extend = angular.extend,
+          copy = angular.copy,
+          isArray = angular.isArray,
+          isDefined = angular.isDefined,
+          isFunction = angular.isFunction,
+          isNumber = angular.isNumber,
+          encodeUriQuery = angular.$$encodeUriQuery,
+          encodeUriSegment = angular.$$encodeUriSegment;
 
       function Route(template, defaults) {
         this.template = template;
@@ -575,42 +610,42 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
             url = actionUrl || self.template,
             val,
             encodedVal,
-            protocolAndDomain = '';
+            protocolAndIpv6 = '';
 
-          var urlParams = self.urlParams = {};
+          var urlParams = self.urlParams = Object.create(null);
           forEach(url.split(/\W/), function(param) {
             if (param === 'hasOwnProperty') {
-              throw $resourceMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid parameter name.");
+              throw $resourceMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid parameter name.');
             }
-            if (!(new RegExp("^\\d+$").test(param)) && param &&
-              (new RegExp("(^|[^\\\\]):" + param + "(\\W|$)").test(url))) {
+            if (!(new RegExp('^\\d+$').test(param)) && param &&
+              (new RegExp('(^|[^\\\\]):' + param + '(\\W|$)').test(url))) {
               urlParams[param] = {
-                isQueryParamValue: (new RegExp("\\?.*=:" + param + "(?:\\W|$)")).test(url)
+                isQueryParamValue: (new RegExp('\\?.*=:' + param + '(?:\\W|$)')).test(url)
               };
             }
           });
           url = url.replace(/\\:/g, ':');
-          url = url.replace(PROTOCOL_AND_DOMAIN_REGEX, function(match) {
-            protocolAndDomain = match;
+          url = url.replace(PROTOCOL_AND_IPV6_REGEX, function(match) {
+            protocolAndIpv6 = match;
             return '';
           });
 
           params = params || {};
           forEach(self.urlParams, function(paramInfo, urlParam) {
             val = params.hasOwnProperty(urlParam) ? params[urlParam] : self.defaults[urlParam];
-            if (angular.isDefined(val) && val !== null) {
+            if (isDefined(val) && val !== null) {
               if (paramInfo.isQueryParamValue) {
                 encodedVal = encodeUriQuery(val, true);
               } else {
                 encodedVal = encodeUriSegment(val);
               }
-              url = url.replace(new RegExp(":" + urlParam + "(\\W|$)", "g"), function(match, p1) {
+              url = url.replace(new RegExp(':' + urlParam + '(\\W|$)', 'g'), function(match, p1) {
                 return encodedVal + p1;
               });
             } else {
-              url = url.replace(new RegExp("(\/?):" + urlParam + "(\\W|$)", "g"), function(match,
+              url = url.replace(new RegExp('(/?):' + urlParam + '(\\W|$)', 'g'), function(match,
                   leadingSlashes, tail) {
-                if (tail.charAt(0) == '/') {
+                if (tail.charAt(0) === '/') {
                   return tail;
                 } else {
                   return leadingSlashes + tail;
@@ -624,11 +659,12 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
             url = url.replace(/\/+$/, '') || '/';
           }
 
-          // then replace collapse `/.` if found in the last URL path segment before the query
-          // E.g. `http://url.com/id./format?q=x` becomes `http://url.com/id.format?q=x`
+          // Collapse `/.` if found in the last URL path segment before the query.
+          // E.g. `http://url.com/id/.format?q=x` becomes `http://url.com/id.format?q=x`.
           url = url.replace(/\/\.(?=\w+($|\?))/, '.');
-          // replace escaped `/\.` with `/.`
-          config.url = protocolAndDomain + url.replace(/\/\\\./, '/.');
+          // Replace escaped `/\.` with `/.`.
+          // (If `\.` comes from a param value, it will be encoded as `%5C.`.)
+          config.url = protocolAndIpv6 + url.replace(/\/(\\|%5C)\./, '/.');
 
 
           // set params - delegate param encoding to $http
@@ -652,7 +688,7 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
           actionParams = extend({}, paramDefaults, actionParams);
           forEach(actionParams, function(value, key) {
             if (isFunction(value)) { value = value(data); }
-            ids[key] = value && value.charAt && value.charAt(0) == '@' ?
+            ids[key] = value && value.charAt && value.charAt(0) === '@' ?
               lookupDottedPath(data, value.substr(1)) : value;
           });
           return ids;
@@ -670,17 +706,17 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
           var data = extend({}, this);
           delete data.$promise;
           delete data.$resolved;
+          delete data.$cancelRequest;
           return data;
         };
 
         forEach(actions, function(action, name) {
-          var hasBody = /^(POST|PUT|PATCH)$/i.test(action.method);
+          var hasBody = action.hasBody === true || (action.hasBody !== false && /^(POST|PUT|PATCH)$/i.test(action.method));
           var numericTimeout = action.timeout;
-          var cancellable = angular.isDefined(action.cancellable) ? action.cancellable :
-              (options && angular.isDefined(options.cancellable)) ? options.cancellable :
-              provider.defaults.cancellable;
+          var cancellable = isDefined(action.cancellable) ?
+              action.cancellable : route.defaults.cancellable;
 
-          if (numericTimeout && !angular.isNumber(numericTimeout)) {
+          if (numericTimeout && !isNumber(numericTimeout)) {
             $log.debug('ngResource:\n' +
                        '  Only numeric values are allowed as `timeout`.\n' +
                        '  Promises are not supported in $resource, because the same value would ' +
@@ -691,54 +727,61 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
           }
 
           Resource[name] = function(a1, a2, a3, a4) {
-            var params = {}, data, success, error;
+            var params = {}, data, onSuccess, onError;
 
-            /* jshint -W086 */ /* (purposefully fall through case statements) */
             switch (arguments.length) {
               case 4:
-                error = a4;
-                success = a3;
-              //fallthrough
+                onError = a4;
+                onSuccess = a3;
+                // falls through
               case 3:
               case 2:
                 if (isFunction(a2)) {
                   if (isFunction(a1)) {
-                    success = a1;
-                    error = a2;
+                    onSuccess = a1;
+                    onError = a2;
                     break;
                   }
 
-                  success = a2;
-                  error = a3;
-                  //fallthrough
+                  onSuccess = a2;
+                  onError = a3;
+                  // falls through
                 } else {
                   params = a1;
                   data = a2;
-                  success = a3;
+                  onSuccess = a3;
                   break;
                 }
+                // falls through
               case 1:
-                if (isFunction(a1)) success = a1;
+                if (isFunction(a1)) onSuccess = a1;
                 else if (hasBody) data = a1;
                 else params = a1;
                 break;
               case 0: break;
               default:
                 throw $resourceMinErr('badargs',
-                  "Expected up to 4 arguments [params, data, success, error], got {0} arguments",
+                  'Expected up to 4 arguments [params, data, success, error], got {0} arguments',
                   arguments.length);
             }
-            /* jshint +W086 */ /* (purposefully fall through case statements) */
 
             var isInstanceCall = this instanceof Resource;
             var value = isInstanceCall ? data : (action.isArray ? [] : new Resource(data));
             var httpConfig = {};
+            var requestInterceptor = action.interceptor && action.interceptor.request || undefined;
+            var requestErrorInterceptor = action.interceptor && action.interceptor.requestError ||
+              undefined;
             var responseInterceptor = action.interceptor && action.interceptor.response ||
               defaultResponseInterceptor;
             var responseErrorInterceptor = action.interceptor && action.interceptor.responseError ||
-              undefined;
+              $q.reject;
+            var successCallback = onSuccess ? function(val) {
+              onSuccess(val, response.headers, response.status, response.statusText);
+            } : undefined;
+            var errorCallback = onError || undefined;
             var timeoutDeferred;
             var numericTimeoutPromise;
+            var response;
 
             forEach(action, function(value, key) {
               switch (key) {
@@ -767,23 +810,28 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
               extend({}, extractParams(data, action.params || {}), params),
               action.url);
 
-            var promise = $http(httpConfig).then(function(response) {
-              var data = response.data;
+            // Start the promise chain
+            var promise = $q.
+              resolve(httpConfig).
+              then(requestInterceptor).
+              catch(requestErrorInterceptor).
+              then($http);
+
+            promise = promise.then(function(resp) {
+              var data = resp.data;
 
               if (data) {
                 // Need to convert action.isArray to boolean in case it is undefined
-                // jshint -W018
-                if (angular.isArray(data) !== (!!action.isArray)) {
+                if (isArray(data) !== (!!action.isArray)) {
                   throw $resourceMinErr('badcfg',
                       'Error in resource configuration for action `{0}`. Expected response to ' +
                       'contain an {1} but got an {2} (Request: {3} {4})', name, action.isArray ? 'array' : 'object',
-                    angular.isArray(data) ? 'array' : 'object', httpConfig.method, httpConfig.url);
+                    isArray(data) ? 'array' : 'object', httpConfig.method, httpConfig.url);
                 }
-                // jshint +W018
                 if (action.isArray) {
                   value.length = 0;
                   forEach(data, function(item) {
-                    if (typeof item === "object") {
+                    if (typeof item === 'object') {
                       value.push(new Resource(item));
                     } else {
                       // Valid JSON values may be string literals, and these should not be converted
@@ -798,30 +846,27 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
                   value.$promise = promise;         // Restore the promise
                 }
               }
-              response.resource = value;
 
-              return response;
-            }, function(response) {
-              (error || noop)(response);
-              return $q.reject(response);
+              resp.resource = value;
+              response = resp;
+              return responseInterceptor(resp);
+            }, function(rejectionOrResponse) {
+              rejectionOrResponse.resource = value;
+              response = rejectionOrResponse;
+              return responseErrorInterceptor(rejectionOrResponse);
             });
 
-            promise['finally'](function() {
+            promise = promise['finally'](function() {
               value.$resolved = true;
               if (!isInstanceCall && cancellable) {
-                value.$cancelRequest = angular.noop;
+                value.$cancelRequest = noop;
                 $timeout.cancel(numericTimeoutPromise);
                 timeoutDeferred = numericTimeoutPromise = httpConfig.timeout = null;
               }
             });
 
-            promise = promise.then(
-              function(response) {
-                var value = responseInterceptor(response);
-                (success || noop)(value, response.headers);
-                return value;
-              },
-              responseErrorInterceptor);
+            // Run the `success`/`error` callbacks, but do not let them affect the returned promise.
+            promise.then(successCallback, errorCallback);
 
             if (!isInstanceCall) {
               // we are creating instance / collection
@@ -829,13 +874,20 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
               // - return the instance / collection
               value.$promise = promise;
               value.$resolved = false;
-              if (cancellable) value.$cancelRequest = timeoutDeferred.resolve;
+              if (cancellable) value.$cancelRequest = cancelRequest;
 
               return value;
             }
 
             // instance call
             return promise;
+
+            function cancelRequest(value) {
+              promise.catch(noop);
+              if (timeoutDeferred !== null) {
+                timeoutDeferred.resolve(value);
+              }
+            }
           };
 
 
@@ -848,10 +900,6 @@ angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
           };
         });
 
-        Resource.bind = function(additionalParamDefaults) {
-          return resourceFactory(url, extend({}, paramDefaults, additionalParamDefaults), actions);
-        };
-
         return Resource;
       }
 
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-route.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-route.js
index 6654d83..738599e 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-route.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-route.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -32,43 +32,51 @@ function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
   return dst || src;
 }
 
+/* global routeToRegExp: false */
 /* global shallowCopy: false */
 
-// There are necessary for `shallowCopy()` (included via `src/shallowCopy.js`).
+// `isArray` and `isObject` are necessary for `shallowCopy()` (included via `src/shallowCopy.js`).
 // They are initialized inside the `$RouteProvider`, to ensure `window.angular` is available.
 var isArray;
 var isObject;
+var isDefined;
+var noop;
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc module
  * @name ngRoute
  * @description
  *
- * # ngRoute
- *
- * The `ngRoute` module provides routing and deeplinking services and directives for angular apps.
+ * The `ngRoute` module provides routing and deeplinking services and directives for AngularJS apps.
  *
  * ## Example
- * See {@link ngRoute.$route#example $route} for an example of configuring and using `ngRoute`.
- *
+ * See {@link ngRoute.$route#examples $route} for an example of configuring and using `ngRoute`.
  *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngRoute"></div>
  */
- /* global -ngRouteModule */
-var ngRouteModule = angular.module('ngRoute', ['ng']).
-                        provider('$route', $RouteProvider),
-    $routeMinErr = angular.$$minErr('ngRoute');
+/* global -ngRouteModule */
+var ngRouteModule = angular.
+  module('ngRoute', []).
+  info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' }).
+  provider('$route', $RouteProvider).
+  // Ensure `$route` will be instantiated in time to capture the initial `$locationChangeSuccess`
+  // event (unless explicitly disabled). This is necessary in case `ngView` is included in an
+  // asynchronously loaded template.
+  run(instantiateRoute);
+var $routeMinErr = angular.$$minErr('ngRoute');
+var isEagerInstantiationEnabled;
+
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc provider
  * @name $routeProvider
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  *
  * Used for configuring routes.
  *
  * ## Example
- * See {@link ngRoute.$route#example $route} for an example of configuring and using `ngRoute`.
+ * See {@link ngRoute.$route#examples $route} for an example of configuring and using `ngRoute`.
  *
  * ## Dependencies
  * Requires the {@link ngRoute `ngRoute`} module to be installed.
@@ -76,6 +84,8 @@ var ngRouteModule = angular.module('ngRoute', ['ng']).
 function $RouteProvider() {
   isArray = angular.isArray;
   isObject = angular.isObject;
+  isDefined = angular.isDefined;
+  noop = angular.noop;
 
   function inherit(parent, extra) {
     return angular.extend(Object.create(parent), extra);
@@ -112,12 +122,12 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
    *
    *    Object properties:
    *
-   *    - `controller` – `{(string|function()=}` – Controller fn that should be associated with
+   *    - `controller` – `{(string|Function)=}` – Controller fn that should be associated with
    *      newly created scope or the name of a {@link angular.Module#controller registered
    *      controller} if passed as a string.
    *    - `controllerAs` – `{string=}` – An identifier name for a reference to the controller.
    *      If present, the controller will be published to scope under the `controllerAs` name.
-   *    - `template` – `{string=|function()=}` – html template as a string or a function that
+   *    - `template` – `{(string|Function)=}` – html template as a string or a function that
    *      returns an html template as a string which should be used by {@link
    *      ngRoute.directive:ngView ngView} or {@link ng.directive:ngInclude ngInclude} directives.
    *      This property takes precedence over `templateUrl`.
@@ -127,7 +137,9 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
    *      - `{Array.<Object>}` - route parameters extracted from the current
    *        `$location.path()` by applying the current route
    *
-   *    - `templateUrl` – `{string=|function()=}` – path or function that returns a path to an html
+   *      One of `template` or `templateUrl` is required.
+   *
+   *    - `templateUrl` – `{(string|Function)=}` – path or function that returns a path to an html
    *      template that should be used by {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView ngView}.
    *
    *      If `templateUrl` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
@@ -135,7 +147,9 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
    *      - `{Array.<Object>}` - route parameters extracted from the current
    *        `$location.path()` by applying the current route
    *
-   *    - `resolve` - `{Object.<string, function>=}` - An optional map of dependencies which should
+   *      One of `templateUrl` or `template` is required.
+   *
+   *    - `resolve` - `{Object.<string, Function>=}` - An optional map of dependencies which should
    *      be injected into the controller. If any of these dependencies are promises, the router
    *      will wait for them all to be resolved or one to be rejected before the controller is
    *      instantiated.
@@ -155,7 +169,7 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
    *      The map object is:
    *
    *      - `key` – `{string}`: a name of a dependency to be injected into the controller.
-   *      - `factory` - `{string|function}`: If `string` then it is an alias for a service.
+   *      - `factory` - `{string|Function}`: If `string` then it is an alias for a service.
    *        Otherwise if function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected}
    *        and the return value is treated as the dependency. If the result is a promise, it is
    *        resolved before its value is injected into the controller. Be aware that
@@ -165,7 +179,7 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
    *    - `resolveAs` - `{string=}` - The name under which the `resolve` map will be available on
    *      the scope of the route. If omitted, defaults to `$resolve`.
    *
-   *    - `redirectTo` – `{(string|function())=}` – value to update
+   *    - `redirectTo` – `{(string|Function)=}` – value to update
    *      {@link ng.$location $location} path with and trigger route redirection.
    *
    *      If `redirectTo` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
@@ -176,13 +190,48 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
    *      - `{Object}` - current `$location.search()`
    *
    *      The custom `redirectTo` function is expected to return a string which will be used
-   *      to update `$location.path()` and `$location.search()`.
+   *      to update `$location.url()`. If the function throws an error, no further processing will
+   *      take place and the {@link ngRoute.$route#$routeChangeError $routeChangeError} event will
+   *      be fired.
+   *
+   *      Routes that specify `redirectTo` will not have their controllers, template functions
+   *      or resolves called, the `$location` will be changed to the redirect url and route
+   *      processing will stop. The exception to this is if the `redirectTo` is a function that
+   *      returns `undefined`. In this case the route transition occurs as though there was no
+   *      redirection.
+   *
+   *    - `resolveRedirectTo` – `{Function=}` – a function that will (eventually) return the value
+   *      to update {@link ng.$location $location} URL with and trigger route redirection. In
+   *      contrast to `redirectTo`, dependencies can be injected into `resolveRedirectTo` and the
+   *      return value can be either a string or a promise that will be resolved to a string.
+   *
+   *      Similar to `redirectTo`, if the return value is `undefined` (or a promise that gets
+   *      resolved to `undefined`), no redirection takes place and the route transition occurs as
+   *      though there was no redirection.
+   *
+   *      If the function throws an error or the returned promise gets rejected, no further
+   *      processing will take place and the
+   *      {@link ngRoute.$route#$routeChangeError $routeChangeError} event will be fired.
+   *
+   *      `redirectTo` takes precedence over `resolveRedirectTo`, so specifying both on the same
+   *      route definition, will cause the latter to be ignored.
+   *
+   *    - `[reloadOnUrl=true]` - `{boolean=}` - reload route when any part of the URL changes
+   *      (including the path) even if the new URL maps to the same route.
+   *
+   *      If the option is set to `false` and the URL in the browser changes, but the new URL maps
+   *      to the same route, then a `$routeUpdate` event is broadcasted on the root scope (without
+   *      reloading the route).
    *
    *    - `[reloadOnSearch=true]` - `{boolean=}` - reload route when only `$location.search()`
    *      or `$location.hash()` changes.
    *
-   *      If the option is set to `false` and url in the browser changes, then
-   *      `$routeUpdate` event is broadcasted on the root scope.
+   *      If the option is set to `false` and the URL in the browser changes, then a `$routeUpdate`
+   *      event is broadcasted on the root scope (without reloading the route).
+   *
+   *      <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *        **Note:** This option has no effect if `reloadOnUrl` is set to `false`.
+   *      </div>
    *
    *    - `[caseInsensitiveMatch=false]` - `{boolean=}` - match routes without being case sensitive
    *
@@ -197,6 +246,9 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
   this.when = function(path, route) {
     //copy original route object to preserve params inherited from proto chain
     var routeCopy = shallowCopy(route);
+    if (angular.isUndefined(routeCopy.reloadOnUrl)) {
+      routeCopy.reloadOnUrl = true;
+    }
     if (angular.isUndefined(routeCopy.reloadOnSearch)) {
       routeCopy.reloadOnSearch = true;
     }
@@ -205,18 +257,19 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
     }
     routes[path] = angular.extend(
       routeCopy,
-      path && pathRegExp(path, routeCopy)
+      {originalPath: path},
+      path && routeToRegExp(path, routeCopy)
     );
 
     // create redirection for trailing slashes
     if (path) {
-      var redirectPath = (path[path.length - 1] == '/')
+      var redirectPath = (path[path.length - 1] === '/')
             ? path.substr(0, path.length - 1)
             : path + '/';
 
       routes[redirectPath] = angular.extend(
-        {redirectTo: path},
-        pathRegExp(redirectPath, routeCopy)
+        {originalPath: path, redirectTo: path},
+        routeToRegExp(redirectPath, routeCopy)
       );
     }
 
@@ -234,47 +287,6 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
    */
   this.caseInsensitiveMatch = false;
 
-   /**
-    * @param path {string} path
-    * @param opts {Object} options
-    * @return {?Object}
-    *
-    * @description
-    * Normalizes the given path, returning a regular expression
-    * and the original path.
-    *
-    * Inspired by pathRexp in visionmedia/express/lib/utils.js.
-    */
-  function pathRegExp(path, opts) {
-    var insensitive = opts.caseInsensitiveMatch,
-        ret = {
-          originalPath: path,
-          regexp: path
-        },
-        keys = ret.keys = [];
-
-    path = path
-      .replace(/([().])/g, '\\$1')
-      .replace(/(\/)?:(\w+)(\*\?|[\?\*])?/g, function(_, slash, key, option) {
-        var optional = (option === '?' || option === '*?') ? '?' : null;
-        var star = (option === '*' || option === '*?') ? '*' : null;
-        keys.push({ name: key, optional: !!optional });
-        slash = slash || '';
-        return ''
-          + (optional ? '' : slash)
-          + '(?:'
-          + (optional ? slash : '')
-          + (star && '(.+?)' || '([^/]+)')
-          + (optional || '')
-          + ')'
-          + (optional || '');
-      })
-      .replace(/([\/$\*])/g, '\\$1');
-
-    ret.regexp = new RegExp('^' + path + '$', insensitive ? 'i' : '');
-    return ret;
-  }
-
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $routeProvider#otherwise
@@ -295,6 +307,47 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
     return this;
   };
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $routeProvider#eagerInstantiationEnabled
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Call this method as a setter to enable/disable eager instantiation of the
+   * {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service upon application bootstrap. You can also call it as a
+   * getter (i.e. without any arguments) to get the current value of the
+   * `eagerInstantiationEnabled` flag.
+   *
+   * Instantiating `$route` early is necessary for capturing the initial
+   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeStart $locationChangeStart} event and navigating to the
+   * appropriate route. Usually, `$route` is instantiated in time by the
+   * {@link ngRoute.ngView ngView} directive. Yet, in cases where `ngView` is included in an
+   * asynchronously loaded template (e.g. in another directive's template), the directive factory
+   * might not be called soon enough for `$route` to be instantiated _before_ the initial
+   * `$locationChangeSuccess` event is fired. Eager instantiation ensures that `$route` is always
+   * instantiated in time, regardless of when `ngView` will be loaded.
+   *
+   * The default value is true.
+   *
+   * **Note**:<br />
+   * You may want to disable the default behavior when unit-testing modules that depend on
+   * `ngRoute`, in order to avoid an unexpected request for the default route's template.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} enabled - If provided, update the internal `eagerInstantiationEnabled` flag.
+   *
+   * @returns {*} The current value of the `eagerInstantiationEnabled` flag if used as a getter or
+   *     itself (for chaining) if used as a setter.
+   */
+  isEagerInstantiationEnabled = true;
+  this.eagerInstantiationEnabled = function eagerInstantiationEnabled(enabled) {
+    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
+      isEagerInstantiationEnabled = enabled;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    return isEagerInstantiationEnabled;
+  };
+
 
   this.$get = ['$rootScope',
                '$location',
@@ -303,7 +356,8 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
                '$injector',
                '$templateRequest',
                '$sce',
-      function($rootScope, $location, $routeParams, $q, $injector, $templateRequest, $sce) {
+               '$browser',
+      function($rootScope, $location, $routeParams, $q, $injector, $templateRequest, $sce, $browser) {
 
     /**
      * @ngdoc service
@@ -388,12 +442,12 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
      *      })
      *
      *      .controller('BookController', function($scope, $routeParams) {
-     *          $scope.name = "BookController";
+     *          $scope.name = 'BookController';
      *          $scope.params = $routeParams;
      *      })
      *
      *      .controller('ChapterController', function($scope, $routeParams) {
-     *          $scope.name = "ChapterController";
+     *          $scope.name = 'ChapterController';
      *          $scope.params = $routeParams;
      *      })
      *
@@ -426,15 +480,15 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
      *     it('should load and compile correct template', function() {
      *       element(by.linkText('Moby: Ch1')).click();
      *       var content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
-     *       expect(content).toMatch(/controller\: ChapterController/);
-     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id\: Moby/);
-     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Chapter Id\: 1/);
+     *       expect(content).toMatch(/controller: ChapterController/);
+     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Moby/);
+     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Chapter Id: 1/);
      *
      *       element(by.partialLinkText('Scarlet')).click();
      *
      *       content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
-     *       expect(content).toMatch(/controller\: BookController/);
-     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id\: Scarlet/);
+     *       expect(content).toMatch(/controller: BookController/);
+     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Scarlet/);
      *     });
      *   </file>
      * </example>
@@ -482,12 +536,14 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
      * @name $route#$routeChangeError
      * @eventType broadcast on root scope
      * @description
-     * Broadcasted if any of the resolve promises are rejected.
+     * Broadcasted if a redirection function fails or any redirection or resolve promises are
+     * rejected.
      *
      * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object
      * @param {Route} current Current route information.
      * @param {Route} previous Previous route information.
-     * @param {Route} rejection Rejection of the promise. Usually the error of the failed promise.
+     * @param {Route} rejection The thrown error or the rejection reason of the promise. Usually
+     * the rejection reason is the error that caused the promise to get rejected.
      */
 
     /**
@@ -495,8 +551,9 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
      * @name $route#$routeUpdate
      * @eventType broadcast on root scope
      * @description
-     * The `reloadOnSearch` property has been set to false, and we are reusing the same
-     * instance of the Controller.
+     * Broadcasted if the same instance of a route (including template, controller instance,
+     * resolved dependencies, etc.) is being reused. This can happen if either `reloadOnSearch` or
+     * `reloadOnUrl` has been set to `false`.
      *
      * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object
      * @param {Route} current Current/previous route information.
@@ -556,7 +613,7 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
               // interpolate modifies newParams, only query params are left
               $location.search(newParams);
             } else {
-              throw $routeMinErr('norout', 'Tried updating route when with no current route');
+              throw $routeMinErr('norout', 'Tried updating route with no current route');
             }
           }
         };
@@ -604,9 +661,7 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
       var lastRoute = $route.current;
 
       preparedRoute = parseRoute();
-      preparedRouteIsUpdateOnly = preparedRoute && lastRoute && preparedRoute.$$route === lastRoute.$$route
-          && angular.equals(preparedRoute.pathParams, lastRoute.pathParams)
-          && !preparedRoute.reloadOnSearch && !forceReload;
+      preparedRouteIsUpdateOnly = isNavigationUpdateOnly(preparedRoute, lastRoute);
 
       if (!preparedRouteIsUpdateOnly && (lastRoute || preparedRoute)) {
         if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeStart', preparedRoute, lastRoute).defaultPrevented) {
@@ -628,37 +683,112 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
       } else if (nextRoute || lastRoute) {
         forceReload = false;
         $route.current = nextRoute;
-        if (nextRoute) {
-          if (nextRoute.redirectTo) {
-            if (angular.isString(nextRoute.redirectTo)) {
-              $location.path(interpolate(nextRoute.redirectTo, nextRoute.params)).search(nextRoute.params)
-                       .replace();
-            } else {
-              $location.url(nextRoute.redirectTo(nextRoute.pathParams, $location.path(), $location.search()))
-                       .replace();
-            }
-          }
-        }
 
-        $q.when(nextRoute).
-          then(resolveLocals).
-          then(function(locals) {
-            // after route change
-            if (nextRoute == $route.current) {
-              if (nextRoute) {
-                nextRoute.locals = locals;
-                angular.copy(nextRoute.params, $routeParams);
-              }
-              $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeSuccess', nextRoute, lastRoute);
-            }
-          }, function(error) {
-            if (nextRoute == $route.current) {
+        var nextRoutePromise = $q.resolve(nextRoute);
+
+        $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount('$route');
+
+        nextRoutePromise.
+          then(getRedirectionData).
+          then(handlePossibleRedirection).
+          then(function(keepProcessingRoute) {
+            return keepProcessingRoute && nextRoutePromise.
+              then(resolveLocals).
+              then(function(locals) {
+                // after route change
+                if (nextRoute === $route.current) {
+                  if (nextRoute) {
+                    nextRoute.locals = locals;
+                    angular.copy(nextRoute.params, $routeParams);
+                  }
+                  $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeSuccess', nextRoute, lastRoute);
+                }
+              });
+          }).catch(function(error) {
+            if (nextRoute === $route.current) {
               $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeError', nextRoute, lastRoute, error);
             }
+          }).finally(function() {
+            // Because `commitRoute()` is called from a `$rootScope.$evalAsync` block (see
+            // `$locationWatch`), this `$$completeOutstandingRequest()` call will not cause
+            // `outstandingRequestCount` to hit zero.  This is important in case we are redirecting
+            // to a new route which also requires some asynchronous work.
+
+            $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop, '$route');
           });
       }
     }
 
+    function getRedirectionData(route) {
+      var data = {
+        route: route,
+        hasRedirection: false
+      };
+
+      if (route) {
+        if (route.redirectTo) {
+          if (angular.isString(route.redirectTo)) {
+            data.path = interpolate(route.redirectTo, route.params);
+            data.search = route.params;
+            data.hasRedirection = true;
+          } else {
+            var oldPath = $location.path();
+            var oldSearch = $location.search();
+            var newUrl = route.redirectTo(route.pathParams, oldPath, oldSearch);
+
+            if (angular.isDefined(newUrl)) {
+              data.url = newUrl;
+              data.hasRedirection = true;
+            }
+          }
+        } else if (route.resolveRedirectTo) {
+          return $q.
+            resolve($injector.invoke(route.resolveRedirectTo)).
+            then(function(newUrl) {
+              if (angular.isDefined(newUrl)) {
+                data.url = newUrl;
+                data.hasRedirection = true;
+              }
+
+              return data;
+            });
+        }
+      }
+
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    function handlePossibleRedirection(data) {
+      var keepProcessingRoute = true;
+
+      if (data.route !== $route.current) {
+        keepProcessingRoute = false;
+      } else if (data.hasRedirection) {
+        var oldUrl = $location.url();
+        var newUrl = data.url;
+
+        if (newUrl) {
+          $location.
+            url(newUrl).
+            replace();
+        } else {
+          newUrl = $location.
+            path(data.path).
+            search(data.search).
+            replace().
+            url();
+        }
+
+        if (newUrl !== oldUrl) {
+          // Exit out and don't process current next value,
+          // wait for next location change from redirect
+          keepProcessingRoute = false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return keepProcessingRoute;
+    }
+
     function resolveLocals(route) {
       if (route) {
         var locals = angular.extend({}, route.resolve);
@@ -675,7 +805,6 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
       }
     }
 
-
     function getTemplateFor(route) {
       var template, templateUrl;
       if (angular.isDefined(template = route.template)) {
@@ -694,7 +823,6 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
       return template;
     }
 
-
     /**
      * @returns {Object} the current active route, by matching it against the URL
      */
@@ -713,6 +841,29 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
       return match || routes[null] && inherit(routes[null], {params: {}, pathParams:{}});
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param {Object} newRoute - The new route configuration (as returned by `parseRoute()`).
+     * @param {Object} oldRoute - The previous route configuration (as returned by `parseRoute()`).
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether this is an "update-only" navigation, i.e. the URL maps to the same
+     *                    route and it can be reused (based on the config and the type of change).
+     */
+    function isNavigationUpdateOnly(newRoute, oldRoute) {
+      // IF this is not a forced reload
+      return !forceReload
+          // AND both `newRoute`/`oldRoute` are defined
+          && newRoute && oldRoute
+          // AND they map to the same Route Definition Object
+          && (newRoute.$$route === oldRoute.$$route)
+          // AND `reloadOnUrl` is disabled
+          && (!newRoute.reloadOnUrl
+              // OR `reloadOnSearch` is disabled
+              || (!newRoute.reloadOnSearch
+                  // AND both routes have the same path params
+                  && angular.equals(newRoute.pathParams, oldRoute.pathParams)
+              )
+          );
+    }
+
     /**
      * @returns {string} interpolation of the redirect path with the parameters
      */
@@ -734,6 +885,14 @@ function $RouteProvider() {
   }];
 }
 
+instantiateRoute.$inject = ['$injector'];
+function instantiateRoute($injector) {
+  if (isEagerInstantiationEnabled) {
+    // Instantiate `$route`
+    $injector.get('$route');
+  }
+}
+
 ngRouteModule.provider('$routeParams', $RouteParamsProvider);
 
 
@@ -741,6 +900,7 @@ ngRouteModule.provider('$routeParams', $RouteParamsProvider);
  * @ngdoc service
  * @name $routeParams
  * @requires $route
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  * The `$routeParams` service allows you to retrieve the current set of route parameters.
@@ -784,7 +944,6 @@ ngRouteModule.directive('ngView', ngViewFillContentFactory);
  * @restrict ECA
  *
  * @description
- * # Overview
  * `ngView` is a directive that complements the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service by
  * including the rendered template of the current route into the main layout (`index.html`) file.
  * Every time the current route changes, the included view changes with it according to the
@@ -800,13 +959,6 @@ ngRouteModule.directive('ngView', ngViewFillContentFactory);
  *
  * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
  *
- * @knownIssue If `ngView` is contained in an asynchronously loaded template (e.g. in another
- *             directive's templateUrl or in a template loaded using `ngInclude`), then you need to
- *             make sure that `$route` is instantiated in time to capture the initial
- *             `$locationChangeStart` event and load the appropriate view. One way to achieve this
- *             is to have it as a dependency in a `.run` block:
- *             `myModule.run(['$route', function() {}]);`
- *
  * @scope
  * @priority 400
  * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate whenever the view updates.
@@ -917,17 +1069,17 @@ ngRouteModule.directive('ngView', ngViewFillContentFactory);
               $locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
           }])
           .controller('MainCtrl', ['$route', '$routeParams', '$location',
-            function($route, $routeParams, $location) {
+            function MainCtrl($route, $routeParams, $location) {
               this.$route = $route;
               this.$location = $location;
               this.$routeParams = $routeParams;
           }])
-          .controller('BookCtrl', ['$routeParams', function($routeParams) {
-            this.name = "BookCtrl";
+          .controller('BookCtrl', ['$routeParams', function BookCtrl($routeParams) {
+            this.name = 'BookCtrl';
             this.params = $routeParams;
           }])
-          .controller('ChapterCtrl', ['$routeParams', function($routeParams) {
-            this.name = "ChapterCtrl";
+          .controller('ChapterCtrl', ['$routeParams', function ChapterCtrl($routeParams) {
+            this.name = 'ChapterCtrl';
             this.params = $routeParams;
           }]);
 
@@ -937,15 +1089,15 @@ ngRouteModule.directive('ngView', ngViewFillContentFactory);
         it('should load and compile correct template', function() {
           element(by.linkText('Moby: Ch1')).click();
           var content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
-          expect(content).toMatch(/controller\: ChapterCtrl/);
-          expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id\: Moby/);
-          expect(content).toMatch(/Chapter Id\: 1/);
+          expect(content).toMatch(/controller: ChapterCtrl/);
+          expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Moby/);
+          expect(content).toMatch(/Chapter Id: 1/);
 
           element(by.partialLinkText('Scarlet')).click();
 
           content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
-          expect(content).toMatch(/controller\: BookCtrl/);
-          expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id\: Scarlet/);
+          expect(content).toMatch(/controller: BookCtrl/);
+          expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Scarlet/);
         });
       </file>
     </example>
@@ -988,8 +1140,8 @@ function ngViewFactory($route, $anchorScroll, $animate) {
           }
           if (currentElement) {
             previousLeaveAnimation = $animate.leave(currentElement);
-            previousLeaveAnimation.then(function() {
-              previousLeaveAnimation = null;
+            previousLeaveAnimation.done(function(response) {
+              if (response !== false) previousLeaveAnimation = null;
             });
             currentElement = null;
           }
@@ -1010,8 +1162,8 @@ function ngViewFactory($route, $anchorScroll, $animate) {
             // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
             // directives to non existing elements.
             var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
-              $animate.enter(clone, null, currentElement || $element).then(function onNgViewEnter() {
-                if (angular.isDefined(autoScrollExp)
+              $animate.enter(clone, null, currentElement || $element).done(function onNgViewEnter(response) {
+                if (response !== false && angular.isDefined(autoScrollExp)
                   && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
                   $anchorScroll();
                 }
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-sanitize.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-sanitize.js
index a283e43..451073f 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-sanitize.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-sanitize.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ var $sanitizeMinErr = angular.$$minErr('$sanitize');
 var bind;
 var extend;
 var forEach;
+var isArray;
 var isDefined;
 var lowercase;
 var noop;
+var nodeContains;
 var htmlParser;
 var htmlSanitizeWriter;
 
@@ -31,13 +33,8 @@ var htmlSanitizeWriter;
  * @name ngSanitize
  * @description
  *
- * # ngSanitize
- *
  * The `ngSanitize` module provides functionality to sanitize HTML.
  *
- *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngSanitize"></div>
- *
  * See {@link ngSanitize.$sanitize `$sanitize`} for usage.
  */
 
@@ -49,13 +46,12 @@ var htmlSanitizeWriter;
  * @description
  *   Sanitizes an html string by stripping all potentially dangerous tokens.
  *
- *   The input is sanitized by parsing the HTML into tokens. All safe tokens (from a whitelist) are
- *   then serialized back to properly escaped html string. This means that no unsafe input can make
+ *   The input is sanitized by parsing the HTML into tokens. All safe tokens (from a trusted URI list) are
+ *   then serialized back to a properly escaped HTML string. This means that no unsafe input can make
  *   it into the returned string.
  *
- *   The whitelist for URL sanitization of attribute values is configured using the functions
- *   `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist` and `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist` of {@link ng.$compileProvider
- *   `$compileProvider`}.
+ *   The trusted URIs for URL sanitization of attribute values is configured using the functions
+ *   `aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList` and `imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList` of {@link $compileProvider}.
  *
  *   The input may also contain SVG markup if this is enabled via {@link $sanitizeProvider}.
  *
@@ -63,7 +59,7 @@ var htmlSanitizeWriter;
  * @returns {string} Sanitized HTML.
  *
  * @example
-   <example module="sanitizeExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+   <example module="sanitizeExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js" name="sanitize-service">
    <file name="index.html">
      <script>
          angular.module('sanitizeExample', ['ngSanitize'])
@@ -112,19 +108,19 @@ var htmlSanitizeWriter;
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      it('should sanitize the html snippet by default', function() {
-       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-sanitize div')).getInnerHtml()).
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-sanitize div')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).
          toBe('<p>an html\n<em>click here</em>\nsnippet</p>');
      });
 
      it('should inline raw snippet if bound to a trusted value', function() {
-       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-trust div')).getInnerHtml()).
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-trust div')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).
          toBe("<p style=\"color:blue\">an html\n" +
               "<em onmouseover=\"this.textContent='PWN3D!'\">click here</em>\n" +
               "snippet</p>");
      });
 
      it('should escape snippet without any filter', function() {
-       expect(element(by.css('#bind-default div')).getInnerHtml()).
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-default div')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).
          toBe("&lt;p style=\"color:blue\"&gt;an html\n" +
               "&lt;em onmouseover=\"this.textContent='PWN3D!'\"&gt;click here&lt;/em&gt;\n" +
               "snippet&lt;/p&gt;");
@@ -133,11 +129,11 @@ var htmlSanitizeWriter;
      it('should update', function() {
        element(by.model('snippet')).clear();
        element(by.model('snippet')).sendKeys('new <b onclick="alert(1)">text</b>');
-       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-sanitize div')).getInnerHtml()).
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-sanitize div')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).
          toBe('new <b>text</b>');
-       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-trust div')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-trust div')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).toBe(
          'new <b onclick="alert(1)">text</b>');
-       expect(element(by.css('#bind-default div')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-default div')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).toBe(
          "new &lt;b onclick=\"alert(1)\"&gt;text&lt;/b&gt;");
      });
    </file>
@@ -148,14 +144,17 @@ var htmlSanitizeWriter;
 /**
  * @ngdoc provider
  * @name $sanitizeProvider
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  * Creates and configures {@link $sanitize} instance.
  */
 function $SanitizeProvider() {
+  var hasBeenInstantiated = false;
   var svgEnabled = false;
 
   this.$get = ['$$sanitizeUri', function($$sanitizeUri) {
+    hasBeenInstantiated = true;
     if (svgEnabled) {
       extend(validElements, svgElements);
     }
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
    * </div>
    *
    * @param {boolean=} flag Enable or disable SVG support in the sanitizer.
-   * @returns {boolean|ng.$sanitizeProvider} Returns the currently configured value if called
+   * @returns {boolean|$sanitizeProvider} Returns the currently configured value if called
    *    without an argument or self for chaining otherwise.
    */
   this.enableSvg = function(enableSvg) {
@@ -208,6 +207,105 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
     }
   };
 
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sanitizeProvider#addValidElements
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Extends the built-in lists of valid HTML/SVG elements, i.e. elements that are considered safe
+   * and are not stripped off during sanitization. You can extend the following lists of elements:
+   *
+   * - `htmlElements`: A list of elements (tag names) to extend the current list of safe HTML
+   *   elements. HTML elements considered safe will not be removed during sanitization. All other
+   *   elements will be stripped off.
+   *
+   * - `htmlVoidElements`: This is similar to `htmlElements`, but marks the elements as
+   *   "void elements" (similar to HTML
+   *   [void elements](https://rawgit.com/w3c/html/html5.1-2/single-page.html#void-elements)). These
+   *   elements have no end tag and cannot have content.
+   *
+   * - `svgElements`: This is similar to `htmlElements`, but for SVG elements. This list is only
+   *   taken into account if SVG is {@link ngSanitize.$sanitizeProvider#enableSvg enabled} for
+   *   `$sanitize`.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-info">
+   *   This method must be called during the {@link angular.Module#config config} phase. Once the
+   *   `$sanitize` service has been instantiated, this method has no effect.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *   Keep in mind that extending the built-in lists of elements may expose your app to XSS or
+   *   other vulnerabilities. Be very mindful of the elements you add.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {Array<String>|Object} elements - A list of valid HTML elements or an object with one or
+   *   more of the following properties:
+   *   - **htmlElements** - `{Array<String>}` - A list of elements to extend the current list of
+   *     HTML elements.
+   *   - **htmlVoidElements** - `{Array<String>}` - A list of elements to extend the current list of
+   *     void HTML elements; i.e. elements that do not have an end tag.
+   *   - **svgElements** - `{Array<String>}` - A list of elements to extend the current list of SVG
+   *     elements. The list of SVG elements is only taken into account if SVG is
+   *     {@link ngSanitize.$sanitizeProvider#enableSvg enabled} for `$sanitize`.
+   *
+   * Passing an array (`[...]`) is equivalent to passing `{htmlElements: [...]}`.
+   *
+   * @return {$sanitizeProvider} Returns self for chaining.
+   */
+  this.addValidElements = function(elements) {
+    if (!hasBeenInstantiated) {
+      if (isArray(elements)) {
+        elements = {htmlElements: elements};
+      }
+
+      addElementsTo(svgElements, elements.svgElements);
+      addElementsTo(voidElements, elements.htmlVoidElements);
+      addElementsTo(validElements, elements.htmlVoidElements);
+      addElementsTo(validElements, elements.htmlElements);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sanitizeProvider#addValidAttrs
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Extends the built-in list of valid attributes, i.e. attributes that are considered safe and are
+   * not stripped off during sanitization.
+   *
+   * **Note**:
+   * The new attributes will not be treated as URI attributes, which means their values will not be
+   * sanitized as URIs using `$compileProvider`'s
+   * {@link ng.$compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList} and
+   * {@link ng.$compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList}.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-info">
+   *   This method must be called during the {@link angular.Module#config config} phase. Once the
+   *   `$sanitize` service has been instantiated, this method has no effect.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *   Keep in mind that extending the built-in list of attributes may expose your app to XSS or
+   *   other vulnerabilities. Be very mindful of the attributes you add.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {Array<String>} attrs - A list of valid attributes.
+   *
+   * @returns {$sanitizeProvider} Returns self for chaining.
+   */
+  this.addValidAttrs = function(attrs) {
+    if (!hasBeenInstantiated) {
+      extend(validAttrs, arrayToMap(attrs, true));
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // Private stuff
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -215,17 +313,23 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
   bind = angular.bind;
   extend = angular.extend;
   forEach = angular.forEach;
+  isArray = angular.isArray;
   isDefined = angular.isDefined;
-  lowercase = angular.lowercase;
+  lowercase = angular.$$lowercase;
   noop = angular.noop;
 
   htmlParser = htmlParserImpl;
   htmlSanitizeWriter = htmlSanitizeWriterImpl;
 
+  nodeContains = window.Node.prototype.contains || /** @this */ function(arg) {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+    return !!(this.compareDocumentPosition(arg) & 16);
+  };
+
   // Regular Expressions for parsing tags and attributes
   var SURROGATE_PAIR_REGEXP = /[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g,
     // Match everything outside of normal chars and " (quote character)
-    NON_ALPHANUMERIC_REGEXP = /([^\#-~ |!])/g;
+    NON_ALPHANUMERIC_REGEXP = /([^#-~ |!])/g;
 
 
   // Good source of info about elements and attributes
@@ -234,36 +338,36 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
 
   // Safe Void Elements - HTML5
   // http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#void-elements
-  var voidElements = toMap("area,br,col,hr,img,wbr");
+  var voidElements = stringToMap('area,br,col,hr,img,wbr');
 
   // Elements that you can, intentionally, leave open (and which close themselves)
   // http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#optional-tags
-  var optionalEndTagBlockElements = toMap("colgroup,dd,dt,li,p,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,tr"),
-      optionalEndTagInlineElements = toMap("rp,rt"),
+  var optionalEndTagBlockElements = stringToMap('colgroup,dd,dt,li,p,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,tr'),
+      optionalEndTagInlineElements = stringToMap('rp,rt'),
       optionalEndTagElements = extend({},
                                               optionalEndTagInlineElements,
                                               optionalEndTagBlockElements);
 
   // Safe Block Elements - HTML5
-  var blockElements = extend({}, optionalEndTagBlockElements, toMap("address,article," +
-          "aside,blockquote,caption,center,del,dir,div,dl,figure,figcaption,footer,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5," +
-          "h6,header,hgroup,hr,ins,map,menu,nav,ol,pre,section,table,ul"));
+  var blockElements = extend({}, optionalEndTagBlockElements, stringToMap('address,article,' +
+          'aside,blockquote,caption,center,del,dir,div,dl,figure,figcaption,footer,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,' +
+          'h6,header,hgroup,hr,ins,map,menu,nav,ol,pre,section,table,ul'));
 
   // Inline Elements - HTML5
-  var inlineElements = extend({}, optionalEndTagInlineElements, toMap("a,abbr,acronym,b," +
-          "bdi,bdo,big,br,cite,code,del,dfn,em,font,i,img,ins,kbd,label,map,mark,q,ruby,rp,rt,s," +
-          "samp,small,span,strike,strong,sub,sup,time,tt,u,var"));
+  var inlineElements = extend({}, optionalEndTagInlineElements, stringToMap('a,abbr,acronym,b,' +
+          'bdi,bdo,big,br,cite,code,del,dfn,em,font,i,img,ins,kbd,label,map,mark,q,ruby,rp,rt,s,' +
+          'samp,small,span,strike,strong,sub,sup,time,tt,u,var'));
 
   // SVG Elements
   // https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Sanitization_rules#svg_Elements
   // Note: the elements animate,animateColor,animateMotion,animateTransform,set are intentionally omitted.
   // They can potentially allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed. See #11290
-  var svgElements = toMap("circle,defs,desc,ellipse,font-face,font-face-name,font-face-src,g,glyph," +
-          "hkern,image,linearGradient,line,marker,metadata,missing-glyph,mpath,path,polygon,polyline," +
-          "radialGradient,rect,stop,svg,switch,text,title,tspan");
+  var svgElements = stringToMap('circle,defs,desc,ellipse,font-face,font-face-name,font-face-src,g,glyph,' +
+          'hkern,image,linearGradient,line,marker,metadata,missing-glyph,mpath,path,polygon,polyline,' +
+          'radialGradient,rect,stop,svg,switch,text,title,tspan');
 
   // Blocked Elements (will be stripped)
-  var blockedElements = toMap("script,style");
+  var blockedElements = stringToMap('script,style');
 
   var validElements = extend({},
                                      voidElements,
@@ -272,9 +376,9 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
                                      optionalEndTagElements);
 
   //Attributes that have href and hence need to be sanitized
-  var uriAttrs = toMap("background,cite,href,longdesc,src,xlink:href");
+  var uriAttrs = stringToMap('background,cite,href,longdesc,src,xlink:href,xml:base');
 
-  var htmlAttrs = toMap('abbr,align,alt,axis,bgcolor,border,cellpadding,cellspacing,class,clear,' +
+  var htmlAttrs = stringToMap('abbr,align,alt,axis,bgcolor,border,cellpadding,cellspacing,class,clear,' +
       'color,cols,colspan,compact,coords,dir,face,headers,height,hreflang,hspace,' +
       'ismap,lang,language,nohref,nowrap,rel,rev,rows,rowspan,rules,' +
       'scope,scrolling,shape,size,span,start,summary,tabindex,target,title,type,' +
@@ -282,7 +386,7 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
 
   // SVG attributes (without "id" and "name" attributes)
   // https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Sanitization_rules#svg_Attributes
-  var svgAttrs = toMap('accent-height,accumulate,additive,alphabetic,arabic-form,ascent,' +
+  var svgAttrs = stringToMap('accent-height,accumulate,additive,alphabetic,arabic-form,ascent,' +
       'baseProfile,bbox,begin,by,calcMode,cap-height,class,color,color-rendering,content,' +
       'cx,cy,d,dx,dy,descent,display,dur,end,fill,fill-rule,font-family,font-size,font-stretch,' +
       'font-style,font-variant,font-weight,from,fx,fy,g1,g2,glyph-name,gradientUnits,hanging,' +
@@ -303,35 +407,74 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
                                   svgAttrs,
                                   htmlAttrs);
 
-  function toMap(str, lowercaseKeys) {
-    var obj = {}, items = str.split(','), i;
+  function stringToMap(str, lowercaseKeys) {
+    return arrayToMap(str.split(','), lowercaseKeys);
+  }
+
+  function arrayToMap(items, lowercaseKeys) {
+    var obj = {}, i;
     for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
       obj[lowercaseKeys ? lowercase(items[i]) : items[i]] = true;
     }
     return obj;
   }
 
-  var inertBodyElement;
-  (function(window) {
-    var doc;
-    if (window.document && window.document.implementation) {
-      doc = window.document.implementation.createHTMLDocument("inert");
-    } else {
-      throw $sanitizeMinErr('noinert', "Can't create an inert html document");
+  function addElementsTo(elementsMap, newElements) {
+    if (newElements && newElements.length) {
+      extend(elementsMap, arrayToMap(newElements));
     }
-    var docElement = doc.documentElement || doc.getDocumentElement();
-    var bodyElements = docElement.getElementsByTagName('body');
+  }
 
-    // usually there should be only one body element in the document, but IE doesn't have any, so we need to create one
-    if (bodyElements.length === 1) {
-      inertBodyElement = bodyElements[0];
-    } else {
-      var html = doc.createElement('html');
-      inertBodyElement = doc.createElement('body');
-      html.appendChild(inertBodyElement);
-      doc.appendChild(html);
+  /**
+   * Create an inert document that contains the dirty HTML that needs sanitizing.
+   * We use the DOMParser API by default and fall back to createHTMLDocument if DOMParser is not
+   * available.
+   */
+  var getInertBodyElement /* function(html: string): HTMLBodyElement */ = (function(window, document) {
+    if (isDOMParserAvailable()) {
+      return getInertBodyElement_DOMParser;
+    }
+
+    if (!document || !document.implementation) {
+      throw $sanitizeMinErr('noinert', 'Can\'t create an inert html document');
+    }
+    var inertDocument = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument('inert');
+    var inertBodyElement = (inertDocument.documentElement || inertDocument.getDocumentElement()).querySelector('body');
+    return getInertBodyElement_InertDocument;
+
+    function isDOMParserAvailable() {
+      try {
+        return !!getInertBodyElement_DOMParser('');
+      } catch (e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function getInertBodyElement_DOMParser(html) {
+      // We add this dummy element to ensure that the rest of the content is parsed as expected
+      // e.g. leading whitespace is maintained and tags like `<meta>` do not get hoisted to the `<head>` tag.
+      html = '<remove></remove>' + html;
+      try {
+        var body = new window.DOMParser().parseFromString(html, 'text/html').body;
+        body.firstChild.remove();
+        return body;
+      } catch (e) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function getInertBodyElement_InertDocument(html) {
+      inertBodyElement.innerHTML = html;
+
+      // Support: IE 9-11 only
+      // strip custom-namespaced attributes on IE<=11
+      if (document.documentMode) {
+        stripCustomNsAttrs(inertBodyElement);
+      }
+
+      return inertBodyElement;
     }
-  })(window);
+  })(window, window.document);
 
   /**
    * @example
@@ -351,22 +494,21 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
     } else if (typeof html !== 'string') {
       html = '' + html;
     }
-    inertBodyElement.innerHTML = html;
+
+    var inertBodyElement = getInertBodyElement(html);
+    if (!inertBodyElement) return '';
 
     //mXSS protection
     var mXSSAttempts = 5;
     do {
       if (mXSSAttempts === 0) {
-        throw $sanitizeMinErr('uinput', "Failed to sanitize html because the input is unstable");
+        throw $sanitizeMinErr('uinput', 'Failed to sanitize html because the input is unstable');
       }
       mXSSAttempts--;
 
-      // strip custom-namespaced attributes on IE<=11
-      if (window.document.documentMode) {
-        stripCustomNsAttrs(inertBodyElement);
-      }
-      html = inertBodyElement.innerHTML; //trigger mXSS
-      inertBodyElement.innerHTML = html;
+      // trigger mXSS if it is going to happen by reading and writing the innerHTML
+      html = inertBodyElement.innerHTML;
+      inertBodyElement = getInertBodyElement(html);
     } while (html !== inertBodyElement.innerHTML);
 
     var node = inertBodyElement.firstChild;
@@ -382,16 +524,16 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
 
       var nextNode;
       if (!(nextNode = node.firstChild)) {
-      if (node.nodeType == 1) {
+        if (node.nodeType === 1) {
           handler.end(node.nodeName.toLowerCase());
         }
-        nextNode = node.nextSibling;
+        nextNode = getNonDescendant('nextSibling', node);
         if (!nextNode) {
           while (nextNode == null) {
-            node = node.parentNode;
+            node = getNonDescendant('parentNode', node);
             if (node === inertBodyElement) break;
-            nextNode = node.nextSibling;
-          if (node.nodeType == 1) {
+            nextNode = getNonDescendant('nextSibling', node);
+            if (node.nodeType === 1) {
               handler.end(node.nodeName.toLowerCase());
             }
           }
@@ -400,7 +542,7 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
       node = nextNode;
     }
 
-    while (node = inertBodyElement.firstChild) {
+    while ((node = inertBodyElement.firstChild)) {
       inertBodyElement.removeChild(node);
     }
   }
@@ -481,6 +623,7 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
           out(tag);
           out('>');
         }
+        // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
         if (tag == ignoreCurrentElement) {
           ignoreCurrentElement = false;
         }
@@ -502,28 +645,36 @@ function $SanitizeProvider() {
    * @param node Root element to process
    */
   function stripCustomNsAttrs(node) {
-    if (node.nodeType === window.Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
-      var attrs = node.attributes;
-      for (var i = 0, l = attrs.length; i < l; i++) {
-        var attrNode = attrs[i];
-        var attrName = attrNode.name.toLowerCase();
-        if (attrName === 'xmlns:ns1' || attrName.lastIndexOf('ns1:', 0) === 0) {
-          node.removeAttributeNode(attrNode);
-          i--;
-          l--;
+    while (node) {
+      if (node.nodeType === window.Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
+        var attrs = node.attributes;
+        for (var i = 0, l = attrs.length; i < l; i++) {
+          var attrNode = attrs[i];
+          var attrName = attrNode.name.toLowerCase();
+          if (attrName === 'xmlns:ns1' || attrName.lastIndexOf('ns1:', 0) === 0) {
+            node.removeAttributeNode(attrNode);
+            i--;
+            l--;
+          }
         }
       }
-    }
 
-    var nextNode = node.firstChild;
-    if (nextNode) {
-      stripCustomNsAttrs(nextNode);
+      var nextNode = node.firstChild;
+      if (nextNode) {
+        stripCustomNsAttrs(nextNode);
+      }
+
+      node = getNonDescendant('nextSibling', node);
     }
+  }
 
-    nextNode = node.nextSibling;
-    if (nextNode) {
-      stripCustomNsAttrs(nextNode);
+  function getNonDescendant(propName, node) {
+    // An element is clobbered if its `propName` property points to one of its descendants
+    var nextNode = node[propName];
+    if (nextNode && nodeContains.call(node, nextNode)) {
+      throw $sanitizeMinErr('elclob', 'Failed to sanitize html because the element is clobbered: {0}', node.outerHTML || node.outerText);
     }
+    return nextNode;
   }
 }
 
@@ -536,7 +687,9 @@ function sanitizeText(chars) {
 
 
 // define ngSanitize module and register $sanitize service
-angular.module('ngSanitize', []).provider('$sanitize', $SanitizeProvider);
+angular.module('ngSanitize', [])
+  .provider('$sanitize', $SanitizeProvider)
+  .info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' });
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc filter
@@ -544,13 +697,13 @@ angular.module('ngSanitize', []).provider('$sanitize', $SanitizeProvider);
  * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Finds links in text input and turns them into html links. Supports `http/https/ftp/mailto` and
+ * Finds links in text input and turns them into html links. Supports `http/https/ftp/sftp/mailto` and
  * plain email address links.
  *
  * Requires the {@link ngSanitize `ngSanitize`} module to be installed.
  *
  * @param {string} text Input text.
- * @param {string} target Window (`_blank|_self|_parent|_top`) or named frame to open links in.
+ * @param {string} [target] Window (`_blank|_self|_parent|_top`) or named frame to open links in.
  * @param {object|function(url)} [attributes] Add custom attributes to the link element.
  *
  *    Can be one of:
@@ -568,7 +721,7 @@ angular.module('ngSanitize', []).provider('$sanitize', $SanitizeProvider);
    <span ng-bind-html="linky_expression | linky"></span>
  *
  * @example
-   <example module="linkyExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+   <example module="linkyExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js" name="linky-filter">
      <file name="index.html">
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        Snippet: <textarea ng-model="snippet" cols="60" rows="3"></textarea>
@@ -616,10 +769,10 @@ angular.module('ngSanitize', []).provider('$sanitize', $SanitizeProvider);
        angular.module('linkyExample', ['ngSanitize'])
          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
            $scope.snippet =
-             'Pretty text with some links:\n'+
-             'http://angularjs.org/,\n'+
-             'mailto:us@somewhere.org,\n'+
-             'another@somewhere.org,\n'+
+             'Pretty text with some links:\n' +
+             'http://angularjs.org/,\n' +
+             'mailto:us@somewhere.org,\n' +
+             'another@somewhere.org,\n' +
              'and one more: ftp://127.0.0.1/.';
            $scope.snippetWithSingleURL = 'http://angularjs.org/';
          }]);
@@ -667,7 +820,7 @@ angular.module('ngSanitize', []).provider('$sanitize', $SanitizeProvider);
  */
 angular.module('ngSanitize').filter('linky', ['$sanitize', function($sanitize) {
   var LINKY_URL_REGEXP =
-        /((ftp|https?):\/\/|(www\.)|(mailto:)?[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@)\S*[^\s.;,(){}<>"\u201d\u2019]/i,
+        /((s?ftp|https?):\/\/|(www\.)|(mailto:)?[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@)\S*[^\s.;,(){}<>"\u201d\u2019]/i,
       MAILTO_REGEXP = /^mailto:/i;
 
   var linkyMinErr = angular.$$minErr('linky');
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-scenario.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-scenario.js
index 834f3d3..a067100 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-scenario.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-scenario.js
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-/*eslint-disable no-unused-vars*/
 /*!
- * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.1.0
+ * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.5.1
  * https://jquery.com/
  *
  * Includes Sizzle.js
  * https://sizzlejs.com/
  *
- * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors
+ * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors
  * Released under the MIT license
  * https://jquery.org/license
  *
- * Date: 2016-07-07T21:44Z
+ * Date: 2020-05-04T22:49Z
  */
 ( function( global, factory ) {
 
-if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) {
+	"use strict";
+
+	if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) {
 
 		// For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window`
 		// is present, execute the factory and get jQuery.
@@ -42,16 +43,20 @@ if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) {
 // throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode
 // arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common
 // enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block.
+"use strict";
 
 var arr = [];
 
-var document = window.document;
-
 var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;
 
 var slice = arr.slice;
 
-var concat = arr.concat;
+var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) {
+	return arr.flat.call( array );
+} : function( array ) {
+	return arr.concat.apply( [], array );
+};
+
 
 var push = arr.push;
 
@@ -69,24 +74,80 @@ var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object );
 
 var support = {};
 
+var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) {
+
+      // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52
+      // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML <object> elements
+      // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`).
+      // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function.
+      return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number";
+  };
+
+
+var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) {
+		return obj != null && obj === obj.window;
+	};
+
+
+var document = window.document;
+
+
 
+	var preservedScriptAttributes = {
+		type: true,
+		src: true,
+		nonce: true,
+		noModule: true
+	};
 
-	function DOMEval( code, doc ) {
+	function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) {
 		doc = doc || document;
 
-		var script = doc.createElement( "script" );
+		var i, val,
+			script = doc.createElement( "script" );
 
 		script.text = code;
+		if ( node ) {
+			for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) {
+
+				// Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+
+				// Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts.
+				// On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as
+				// the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it
+				// becomes browsing-context connected.
+				// See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369
+				// See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes
+				// The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of
+				// `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node
+				// via an object.
+				val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i );
+				if ( val ) {
+					script.setAttribute( i, val );
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script );
 	}
+
+
+function toType( obj ) {
+	if ( obj == null ) {
+		return obj + "";
+	}
+
+	// Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp)
+	return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ?
+		class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" :
+		typeof obj;
+}
 /* global Symbol */
-// Defining this global in .eslintrc would create a danger of using the global
+// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global
 // unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module
 
 
 
 var
-	version = "3.1.0",
+	version = "3.5.1",
 
 	// Define a local copy of jQuery
 	jQuery = function( selector, context ) {
@@ -94,19 +155,6 @@ var
 		// The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced'
 		// Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included)
 		return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context );
-	},
-
-	// Support: Android <=4.0 only
-	// Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP
-	rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g,
-
-	// Matches dashed string for camelizing
-	rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
-	rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g,
-
-	// Used by jQuery.camelCase as callback to replace()
-	fcamelCase = function( all, letter ) {
-		return letter.toUpperCase();
 	};
 
 jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
@@ -126,13 +174,14 @@ jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
 	// Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR
 	// Get the whole matched element set as a clean array
 	get: function( num ) {
-		return num != null ?
 
-			// Return just the one element from the set
-			( num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ] ) :
+		// Return all the elements in a clean array
+		if ( num == null ) {
+			return slice.call( this );
+		}
 
-			// Return all the elements in a clean array
-			slice.call( this );
+		// Return just the one element from the set
+		return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ];
 	},
 
 	// Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack
@@ -172,6 +221,18 @@ jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
 		return this.eq( -1 );
 	},
 
+	even: function() {
+		return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) {
+			return ( i + 1 ) % 2;
+		} ) );
+	},
+
+	odd: function() {
+		return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) {
+			return i % 2;
+		} ) );
+	},
+
 	eq: function( i ) {
 		var len = this.length,
 			j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 );
@@ -206,7 +267,7 @@ jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
 	}
 
 	// Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
-	if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction( target ) ) {
+	if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) {
 		target = {};
 	}
 
@@ -223,25 +284,28 @@ jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
 
 			// Extend the base object
 			for ( name in options ) {
-				src = target[ name ];
 				copy = options[ name ];
 
+				// Prevent Object.prototype pollution
 				// Prevent never-ending loop
-				if ( target === copy ) {
+				if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) {
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				// Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
 				if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) ||
-					( copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) {
-
-					if ( copyIsArray ) {
-						copyIsArray = false;
-						clone = src && jQuery.isArray( src ) ? src : [];
-
+					( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) {
+					src = target[ name ];
+
+					// Ensure proper type for the source value
+					if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) {
+						clone = [];
+					} else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) {
+						clone = {};
 					} else {
-						clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ? src : {};
+						clone = src;
 					}
+					copyIsArray = false;
 
 					// Never move original objects, clone them
 					target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy );
@@ -272,30 +336,6 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 
 	noop: function() {},
 
-	isFunction: function( obj ) {
-		return jQuery.type( obj ) === "function";
-	},
-
-	isArray: Array.isArray,
-
-	isWindow: function( obj ) {
-		return obj != null && obj === obj.window;
-	},
-
-	isNumeric: function( obj ) {
-
-		// As of jQuery 3.0, isNumeric is limited to
-		// strings and numbers (primitives or objects)
-		// that can be coerced to finite numbers (gh-2662)
-		var type = jQuery.type( obj );
-		return ( type === "number" || type === "string" ) &&
-
-			// parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives ("")
-			// ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...")
-			// subtraction forces infinities to NaN
-			!isNaN( obj - parseFloat( obj ) );
-	},
-
 	isPlainObject: function( obj ) {
 		var proto, Ctor;
 
@@ -318,9 +358,6 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 	},
 
 	isEmptyObject: function( obj ) {
-
-		/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
-		// See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/6125
 		var name;
 
 		for ( name in obj ) {
@@ -329,31 +366,10 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 		return true;
 	},
 
-	type: function( obj ) {
-		if ( obj == null ) {
-			return obj + "";
-		}
-
-		// Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp)
-		return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ?
-			class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" :
-			typeof obj;
-	},
-
-	// Evaluates a script in a global context
-	globalEval: function( code ) {
-		DOMEval( code );
-	},
-
-	// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules
-	// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 13
-	// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572)
-	camelCase: function( string ) {
-		return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase );
-	},
-
-	nodeName: function( elem, name ) {
-		return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase();
+	// Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one
+	// if not specified.
+	globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) {
+		DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc );
 	},
 
 	each: function( obj, callback ) {
@@ -377,13 +393,6 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 		return obj;
 	},
 
-	// Support: Android <=4.0 only
-	trim: function( text ) {
-		return text == null ?
-			"" :
-			( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" );
-	},
-
 	// results is for internal usage only
 	makeArray: function( arr, results ) {
 		var ret = results || [];
@@ -470,43 +479,12 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 		}
 
 		// Flatten any nested arrays
-		return concat.apply( [], ret );
+		return flat( ret );
 	},
 
 	// A global GUID counter for objects
 	guid: 1,
 
-	// Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any
-	// arguments.
-	proxy: function( fn, context ) {
-		var tmp, args, proxy;
-
-		if ( typeof context === "string" ) {
-			tmp = fn[ context ];
-			context = fn;
-			fn = tmp;
-		}
-
-		// Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec
-		// this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined.
-		if ( !jQuery.isFunction( fn ) ) {
-			return undefined;
-		}
-
-		// Simulated bind
-		args = slice.call( arguments, 2 );
-		proxy = function() {
-			return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) );
-		};
-
-		// Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed
-		proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++;
-
-		return proxy;
-	},
-
-	now: Date.now,
-
 	// jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their
 	// properties to it so it needs to exist.
 	support: support
@@ -518,7 +496,7 @@ if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) {
 
 // Populate the class2type map
 jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ),
-function( i, name ) {
+function( _i, name ) {
 	class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase();
 } );
 
@@ -529,9 +507,9 @@ function isArrayLike( obj ) {
 	// hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives
 	// regarding Nodelist length in IE
 	var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length,
-		type = jQuery.type( obj );
+		type = toType( obj );
 
-	if ( type === "function" || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) {
+	if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -540,17 +518,16 @@ function isArrayLike( obj ) {
 }
 var Sizzle =
 /*!
- * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.0
+ * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.5
  * https://sizzlejs.com/
  *
- * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors
+ * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors
  * Released under the MIT license
- * http://jquery.org/license
+ * https://js.foundation/
  *
- * Date: 2016-01-04
+ * Date: 2020-03-14
  */
-(function( window ) {'use strict';
-
+( function( window ) {
 var i,
 	support,
 	Expr,
@@ -581,6 +558,7 @@ var i,
 	classCache = createCache(),
 	tokenCache = createCache(),
 	compilerCache = createCache(),
+	nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(),
 	sortOrder = function( a, b ) {
 		if ( a === b ) {
 			hasDuplicate = true;
@@ -589,61 +567,71 @@ var i,
 	},
 
 	// Instance methods
-	hasOwn = ({}).hasOwnProperty,
+	hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty,
 	arr = [],
 	pop = arr.pop,
-	push_native = arr.push,
+	pushNative = arr.push,
 	push = arr.push,
 	slice = arr.slice,
+
 	// Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native
 	// https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5
 	indexOf = function( list, elem ) {
 		var i = 0,
 			len = list.length;
 		for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-			if ( list[i] === elem ) {
+			if ( list[ i ] === elem ) {
 				return i;
 			}
 		}
 		return -1;
 	},
 
-	booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",
+	booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" +
+		"ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",
 
 	// Regular expressions
 
 	// http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace
 	whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",
 
-	// http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier
-	identifier = "(?:\\\\.|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\xa0])+",
+	// https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram
+	identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace +
+		"?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+",
 
 	// Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors
 	attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace +
+
 		// Operator (capture 2)
 		"*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace +
-		// "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]"
-		"*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + whitespace +
-		"*\\]",
+
+		// "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5]
+		// or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]"
+		"*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" +
+		whitespace + "*\\]",
 
 	pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" +
+
 		// To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments:
 		// 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5)
 		"('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" +
+
 		// 2. simple (capture 6)
 		"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" +
+
 		// 3. anything else (capture 2)
 		".*" +
 		")\\)|)",
 
 	// Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter
 	rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ),
-	rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + whitespace + "+$", "g" ),
+	rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" +
+		whitespace + "+$", "g" ),
 
 	rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ),
-	rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + "*" ),
-
-	rattributeQuotes = new RegExp( "=" + whitespace + "*([^\\]'\"]*?)" + whitespace + "*\\]", "g" ),
+	rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace +
+		"*" ),
+	rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ),
 
 	rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ),
 	ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ),
@@ -654,16 +642,19 @@ var i,
 		"TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ),
 		"ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ),
 		"PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ),
-		"CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + whitespace +
-			"*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + whitespace +
-			"*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ),
+		"CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" +
+			whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" +
+			whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ),
 		"bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ),
+
 		// For use in libraries implementing .is()
 		// We use this for POS matching in `select`
-		"needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" +
-			whitespace + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" )
+		"needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace +
+			"*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace +
+			"*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" )
 	},
 
+	rhtml = /HTML$/i,
 	rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
 	rheader = /^h\d$/i,
 
@@ -676,24 +667,27 @@ var i,
 
 	// CSS escapes
 	// http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters
-	runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\([\\da-f]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|(" + whitespace + ")|.)", "ig" ),
-	funescape = function( _, escaped, escapedWhitespace ) {
-		var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000;
-		// NaN means non-codepoint
-		// Support: Firefox<24
-		// Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x"
-		return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ?
-			escaped :
+	runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ),
+	funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) {
+		var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000;
+
+		return nonHex ?
+
+			// Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence
+			nonHex :
+
+			// Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point
+			// Support: IE <=11+
+			// For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a
+			// surrogate pair
 			high < 0 ?
-				// BMP codepoint
 				String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) :
-				// Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair)
 				String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 );
 	},
 
 	// CSS string/identifier serialization
 	// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms
-	rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\x80-\uFFFF\w-]/g,
+	rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g,
 	fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) {
 		if ( asCodePoint ) {
 
@@ -703,7 +697,8 @@ var i,
 			}
 
 			// Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points
-			return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " ";
+			return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" +
+				ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " ";
 		}
 
 		// Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped
@@ -718,9 +713,9 @@ var i,
 		setDocument();
 	},
 
-	disabledAncestor = addCombinator(
+	inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator(
 		function( elem ) {
-			return elem.disabled === true;
+			return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset";
 		},
 		{ dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" }
 	);
@@ -728,18 +723,20 @@ var i,
 // Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList )
 try {
 	push.apply(
-		(arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes )),
+		( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ),
 		preferredDoc.childNodes
 	);
+
 	// Support: Android<4.0
 	// Detect silently failing push.apply
+	// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions
 	arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType;
 } catch ( e ) {
 	push = { apply: arr.length ?
 
 		// Leverage slice if possible
 		function( target, els ) {
-			push_native.apply( target, slice.call(els) );
+			pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) );
 		} :
 
 		// Support: IE<9
@@ -747,8 +744,9 @@ try {
 		function( target, els ) {
 			var j = target.length,
 				i = 0;
+
 			// Can't trust NodeList.length
-			while ( (target[j++] = els[i++]) ) {}
+			while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {}
 			target.length = j - 1;
 		}
 	};
@@ -772,24 +770,21 @@ function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 
 	// Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents
 	if ( !seed ) {
-
-		if ( ( context ? context.ownerDocument || context : preferredDoc ) !== document ) {
-			setDocument( context );
-		}
+		setDocument( context );
 		context = context || document;
 
 		if ( documentIsHTML ) {
 
 			// If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method
 			// (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist)
-			if ( nodeType !== 11 && (match = rquickExpr.exec( selector )) ) {
+			if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) {
 
 				// ID selector
-				if ( (m = match[1]) ) {
+				if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) {
 
 					// Document context
 					if ( nodeType === 9 ) {
-						if ( (elem = context.getElementById( m )) ) {
+						if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) {
 
 							// Support: IE, Opera, Webkit
 							// TODO: identify versions
@@ -808,7 +803,7 @@ function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 						// Support: IE, Opera, Webkit
 						// TODO: identify versions
 						// getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID
-						if ( newContext && (elem = newContext.getElementById( m )) &&
+						if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) &&
 							contains( context, elem ) &&
 							elem.id === m ) {
 
@@ -818,12 +813,12 @@ function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 					}
 
 				// Type selector
-				} else if ( match[2] ) {
+				} else if ( match[ 2 ] ) {
 					push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) );
 					return results;
 
 				// Class selector
-				} else if ( (m = match[3]) && support.getElementsByClassName &&
+				} else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName &&
 					context.getElementsByClassName ) {
 
 					push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) );
@@ -833,50 +828,62 @@ function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 
 			// Take advantage of querySelectorAll
 			if ( support.qsa &&
-				!compilerCache[ selector + " " ] &&
-				(!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector )) ) {
-
-				if ( nodeType !== 1 ) {
-					newContext = context;
-					newSelector = selector;
+				!nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] &&
+				( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) &&
 
-				// qSA looks outside Element context, which is not what we want
-				// Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this workaround technique
-				// Support: IE <=8
+				// Support: IE 8 only
 				// Exclude object elements
-				} else if ( context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) {
+				( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) {
 
-					// Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary
-					if ( (nid = context.getAttribute( "id" )) ) {
-						nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
-					} else {
-						context.setAttribute( "id", (nid = expando) );
+				newSelector = selector;
+				newContext = context;
+
+				// qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or
+				// descendant combinators, which is not what we want.
+				// In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the
+				// list with an ID selector referencing the scope context.
+				// The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used
+				// as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll.
+				// Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique.
+				if ( nodeType === 1 &&
+					( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) {
+
+					// Expand context for sibling selectors
+					newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) ||
+						context;
+
+					// We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser
+					// supports it & if we're not changing the context.
+					if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) {
+
+						// Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary
+						if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) {
+							nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
+						} else {
+							context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) );
+						}
 					}
 
 					// Prefix every selector in the list
 					groups = tokenize( selector );
 					i = groups.length;
 					while ( i-- ) {
-						groups[i] = "#" + nid + " " + toSelector( groups[i] );
+						groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " +
+							toSelector( groups[ i ] );
 					}
 					newSelector = groups.join( "," );
-
-					// Expand context for sibling selectors
-					newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) ||
-						context;
 				}
 
-				if ( newSelector ) {
-					try {
-						push.apply( results,
-							newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector )
-						);
-						return results;
-					} catch ( qsaError ) {
-					} finally {
-						if ( nid === expando ) {
-							context.removeAttribute( "id" );
-						}
+				try {
+					push.apply( results,
+						newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector )
+					);
+					return results;
+				} catch ( qsaError ) {
+					nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true );
+				} finally {
+					if ( nid === expando ) {
+						context.removeAttribute( "id" );
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -897,12 +904,14 @@ function createCache() {
 	var keys = [];
 
 	function cache( key, value ) {
+
 		// Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157)
 		if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) {
+
 			// Only keep the most recent entries
 			delete cache[ keys.shift() ];
 		}
-		return (cache[ key + " " ] = value);
+		return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value );
 	}
 	return cache;
 }
@@ -921,17 +930,19 @@ function markFunction( fn ) {
  * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result
  */
 function assert( fn ) {
-	var el = document.createElement("fieldset");
+	var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" );
 
 	try {
 		return !!fn( el );
-	} catch (e) {
+	} catch ( e ) {
 		return false;
 	} finally {
+
 		// Remove from its parent by default
 		if ( el.parentNode ) {
 			el.parentNode.removeChild( el );
 		}
+
 		// release memory in IE
 		el = null;
 	}
@@ -943,11 +954,11 @@ function assert( fn ) {
  * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied
  */
 function addHandle( attrs, handler ) {
-	var arr = attrs.split("|"),
+	var arr = attrs.split( "|" ),
 		i = arr.length;
 
 	while ( i-- ) {
-		Expr.attrHandle[ arr[i] ] = handler;
+		Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -969,7 +980,7 @@ function siblingCheck( a, b ) {
 
 	// Check if b follows a
 	if ( cur ) {
-		while ( (cur = cur.nextSibling) ) {
+		while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) {
 			if ( cur === b ) {
 				return -1;
 			}
@@ -997,7 +1008,7 @@ function createInputPseudo( type ) {
 function createButtonPseudo( type ) {
 	return function( elem ) {
 		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-		return (name === "input" || name === "button") && elem.type === type;
+		return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type;
 	};
 }
 
@@ -1006,26 +1017,54 @@ function createButtonPseudo( type ) {
  * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled
  */
 function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) {
-	// Known :disabled false positives:
-	// IE: *[disabled]:not(button, input, select, textarea, optgroup, option, menuitem, fieldset)
-	// not IE: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable
+
+	// Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable
 	return function( elem ) {
 
-		// Check form elements and option elements for explicit disabling
-		return "label" in elem && elem.disabled === disabled ||
-			"form" in elem && elem.disabled === disabled ||
+		// Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled
+		// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled
+		// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled
+		if ( "form" in elem ) {
+
+			// Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements:
+			// * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset
+			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed
+			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled
+			// * option elements in a disabled optgroup
+			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled
+			// All such elements have a "form" property.
+			if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) {
+
+				// Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present
+				if ( "label" in elem ) {
+					if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) {
+						return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled;
+					} else {
+						return elem.disabled === disabled;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Support: IE 6 - 11
+				// Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors
+				return elem.isDisabled === disabled ||
 
-			// Check non-disabled form elements for fieldset[disabled] ancestors
-			"form" in elem && elem.disabled === false && (
-				// Support: IE6-11+
-				// Ancestry is covered for us
-				elem.isDisabled === disabled ||
+					// Where there is no isDisabled, check manually
+					/* jshint -W018 */
+					elem.isDisabled !== !disabled &&
+					inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled;
+			}
 
-				// Otherwise, assume any non-<option> under fieldset[disabled] is disabled
-				/* jshint -W018 */
-				elem.isDisabled !== !disabled &&
-					("label" in elem || !disabledAncestor( elem )) !== disabled
-			);
+			return elem.disabled === disabled;
+
+		// Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property.
+		// Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't
+		// even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value.
+		} else if ( "label" in elem ) {
+			return elem.disabled === disabled;
+		}
+
+		// Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled
+		return false;
 	};
 }
 
@@ -1034,21 +1073,21 @@ function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) {
  * @param {Function} fn
  */
 function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) {
-	return markFunction(function( argument ) {
+	return markFunction( function( argument ) {
 		argument = +argument;
-		return markFunction(function( seed, matches ) {
+		return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) {
 			var j,
 				matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ),
 				i = matchIndexes.length;
 
 			// Match elements found at the specified indexes
 			while ( i-- ) {
-				if ( seed[ (j = matchIndexes[i]) ] ) {
-					seed[j] = !(matches[j] = seed[j]);
+				if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) {
+					seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] );
 				}
 			}
-		});
-	});
+		} );
+	} );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1069,10 +1108,13 @@ support = Sizzle.support = {};
  * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node
  */
 isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) {
-	// documentElement is verified for cases where it doesn't yet exist
-	// (such as loading iframes in IE - #4833)
-	var documentElement = elem && (elem.ownerDocument || elem).documentElement;
-	return documentElement ? documentElement.nodeName !== "HTML" : false;
+	var namespace = elem.namespaceURI,
+		docElem = ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement;
+
+	// Support: IE <=8
+	// Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes
+	// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833
+	return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" );
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1085,7 +1127,11 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 		doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc;
 
 	// Return early if doc is invalid or already selected
-	if ( doc === document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) {
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) {
 		return document;
 	}
 
@@ -1094,10 +1140,14 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 	docElem = document.documentElement;
 	documentIsHTML = !isXML( document );
 
-	// Support: IE 9-11, Edge
+	// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+
 	// Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936)
-	if ( preferredDoc !== document &&
-		(subWindow = document.defaultView) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) {
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( preferredDoc != document &&
+		( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) {
 
 		// Support: IE 11, Edge
 		if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) {
@@ -1109,25 +1159,36 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only,
+	// Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only
+	// IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class.
+	// Support: Safari 6.0 only
+	// Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there.
+	support.scope = assert( function( el ) {
+		docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) );
+		return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" &&
+			!el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length;
+	} );
+
 	/* Attributes
 	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 	// Support: IE<8
 	// Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties
 	// (excepting IE8 booleans)
-	support.attributes = assert(function( el ) {
+	support.attributes = assert( function( el ) {
 		el.className = "i";
-		return !el.getAttribute("className");
-	});
+		return !el.getAttribute( "className" );
+	} );
 
 	/* getElement(s)By*
 	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 	// Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements
-	support.getElementsByTagName = assert(function( el ) {
-		el.appendChild( document.createComment("") );
-		return !el.getElementsByTagName("*").length;
-	});
+	support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) {
+		el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) );
+		return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length;
+	} );
 
 	// Support: IE<9
 	support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName );
@@ -1136,42 +1197,68 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 	// Check if getElementById returns elements by name
 	// The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names,
 	// so use a roundabout getElementsByName test
-	support.getById = assert(function( el ) {
+	support.getById = assert( function( el ) {
 		docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando;
 		return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length;
-	});
+	} );
 
-	// ID find and filter
+	// ID filter and find
 	if ( support.getById ) {
-		Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) {
-			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
-				var m = context.getElementById( id );
-				return m ? [ m ] : [];
-			}
-		};
-		Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) {
+		Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) {
 			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
 			return function( elem ) {
-				return elem.getAttribute("id") === attrId;
+				return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId;
 			};
 		};
+		Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) {
+			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
+				var elem = context.getElementById( id );
+				return elem ? [ elem ] : [];
+			}
+		};
 	} else {
-		// Support: IE6/7
-		// getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut
-		delete Expr.find["ID"];
-
-		Expr.filter["ID"] =  function( id ) {
+		Expr.filter[ "ID" ] =  function( id ) {
 			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
 			return function( elem ) {
 				var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" &&
-					elem.getAttributeNode("id");
+					elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
 				return node && node.value === attrId;
 			};
 		};
+
+		// Support: IE 6 - 7 only
+		// getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut
+		Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) {
+			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
+				var node, i, elems,
+					elem = context.getElementById( id );
+
+				if ( elem ) {
+
+					// Verify the id attribute
+					node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
+					if ( node && node.value === id ) {
+						return [ elem ];
+					}
+
+					// Fall back on getElementsByName
+					elems = context.getElementsByName( id );
+					i = 0;
+					while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) {
+						node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
+						if ( node && node.value === id ) {
+							return [ elem ];
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				return [];
+			}
+		};
 	}
 
 	// Tag
-	Expr.find["TAG"] = support.getElementsByTagName ?
+	Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ?
 		function( tag, context ) {
 			if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) {
 				return context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
@@ -1186,12 +1273,13 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 			var elem,
 				tmp = [],
 				i = 0,
+
 				// By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too
 				results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
 
 			// Filter out possible comments
 			if ( tag === "*" ) {
-				while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) {
+				while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) {
 					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
 						tmp.push( elem );
 					}
@@ -1203,7 +1291,7 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 		};
 
 	// Class
-	Expr.find["CLASS"] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) {
+	Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) {
 		if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
 			return context.getElementsByClassName( className );
 		}
@@ -1224,10 +1312,14 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 	// See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378
 	rbuggyQSA = [];
 
-	if ( (support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll )) ) {
+	if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) {
+
 		// Build QSA regex
 		// Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini
-		assert(function( el ) {
+		assert( function( el ) {
+
+			var input;
+
 			// Select is set to empty string on purpose
 			// This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly
 			// setting a boolean content attribute,
@@ -1241,78 +1333,98 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 			// Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *=
 			// The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT
 			// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll("[msallowcapture^='']").length ) {
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) {
 				rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
 			}
 
 			// Support: IE8
 			// Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly
-			if ( !el.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length ) {
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) {
 				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" );
 			}
 
 			// Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+
 			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push("~=");
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
+			// IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases.
+			// Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works
+			// around the issue.
+			// Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue.
+			input = document.createElement( "input" );
+			input.setAttribute( "name", "" );
+			el.appendChild( input );
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" +
+					whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
 			}
 
 			// Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements
 			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
 			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
-			if ( !el.querySelectorAll(":checked").length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push(":checked");
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" );
 			}
 
 			// Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+
 			// https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851
 			// In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails
 			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push(".#.+[+~]");
+				rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" );
 			}
-		});
 
-		assert(function( el ) {
+			// Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only
+			// Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier.
+			el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" );
+			rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" );
+		} );
+
+		assert( function( el ) {
 			el.innerHTML = "<a href='' disabled='disabled'></a>" +
 				"<select disabled='disabled'><option/></select>";
 
 			// Support: Windows 8 Native Apps
 			// The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment
-			var input = document.createElement("input");
+			var input = document.createElement( "input" );
 			input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" );
 			el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" );
 
 			// Support: IE8
 			// Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length ) {
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) {
 				rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" );
 			}
 
 			// FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled)
 			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length !== 2 ) {
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) {
 				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
 			}
 
 			// Support: IE9-11+
 			// IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets
 			docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true;
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll(":disabled").length !== 2 ) {
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) {
 				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
 			}
 
+			// Support: Opera 10 - 11 only
 			// Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos
-			el.querySelectorAll("*,:x");
-			rbuggyQSA.push(",.*:");
-		});
+			el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" );
+			rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" );
+		} );
 	}
 
-	if ( (support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( (matches = docElem.matches ||
+	if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches ||
 		docElem.webkitMatchesSelector ||
 		docElem.mozMatchesSelector ||
 		docElem.oMatchesSelector ||
-		docElem.msMatchesSelector) )) ) {
+		docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) {
+
+		assert( function( el ) {
 
-		assert(function( el ) {
 			// Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector
 			// on a disconnected node (IE 9)
 			support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" );
@@ -1321,11 +1433,11 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 			// Gecko does not error, returns false instead
 			matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" );
 			rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos );
-		});
+		} );
 	}
 
-	rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join("|") );
-	rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join("|") );
+	rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) );
+	rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) );
 
 	/* Contains
 	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -1342,11 +1454,11 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 				adown.contains ?
 					adown.contains( bup ) :
 					a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
-			));
+			) );
 		} :
 		function( a, b ) {
 			if ( b ) {
-				while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) {
+				while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) {
 					if ( b === a ) {
 						return true;
 					}
@@ -1375,7 +1487,11 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 		}
 
 		// Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document
-		compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) === ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ?
+		// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+		// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+		// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+		// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+		compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ?
 			a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) :
 
 			// Otherwise we know they are disconnected
@@ -1383,13 +1499,24 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 
 		// Disconnected nodes
 		if ( compare & 1 ||
-			(!support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare) ) {
+			( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) {
 
 			// Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document
-			if ( a === document || a.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, a) ) {
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+			if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc &&
+				contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) {
 				return -1;
 			}
-			if ( b === document || b.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, b) ) {
+
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+			if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc &&
+				contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) {
 				return 1;
 			}
 
@@ -1402,6 +1529,7 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 		return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1;
 	} :
 	function( a, b ) {
+
 		// Exit early if the nodes are identical
 		if ( a === b ) {
 			hasDuplicate = true;
@@ -1417,8 +1545,14 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 
 		// Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected
 		if ( !aup || !bup ) {
-			return a === document ? -1 :
-				b === document ? 1 :
+
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			/* eslint-disable eqeqeq */
+			return a == document ? -1 :
+				b == document ? 1 :
+				/* eslint-enable eqeqeq */
 				aup ? -1 :
 				bup ? 1 :
 				sortInput ?
@@ -1432,26 +1566,32 @@ setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
 
 		// Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison
 		cur = a;
-		while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) {
+		while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) {
 			ap.unshift( cur );
 		}
 		cur = b;
-		while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) {
+		while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) {
 			bp.unshift( cur );
 		}
 
 		// Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy
-		while ( ap[i] === bp[i] ) {
+		while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) {
 			i++;
 		}
 
 		return i ?
+
 			// Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor
-			siblingCheck( ap[i], bp[i] ) :
+			siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) :
 
 			// Otherwise nodes in our document sort first
-			ap[i] === preferredDoc ? -1 :
-			bp[i] === preferredDoc ? 1 :
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			/* eslint-disable eqeqeq */
+			ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 :
+			bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 :
+			/* eslint-enable eqeqeq */
 			0;
 	};
 
@@ -1463,16 +1603,10 @@ Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) {
 };
 
 Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) {
-	// Set document vars if needed
-	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) {
-		setDocument( elem );
-	}
-
-	// Make sure that attribute selectors are quoted
-	expr = expr.replace( rattributeQuotes, "='$1']" );
+	setDocument( elem );
 
 	if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML &&
-		!compilerCache[ expr + " " ] &&
+		!nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] &&
 		( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) &&
 		( !rbuggyQSA     || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) {
 
@@ -1481,32 +1615,46 @@ Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) {
 
 			// IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes
 			if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch ||
-					// As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document
-					// fragment in IE 9
-					elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) {
+
+				// As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document
+				// fragment in IE 9
+				elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) {
 				return ret;
 			}
-		} catch (e) {}
+		} catch ( e ) {
+			nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true );
+		}
 	}
 
 	return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0;
 };
 
 Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) {
+
 	// Set document vars if needed
-	if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) !== document ) {
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) {
 		setDocument( context );
 	}
 	return contains( context, elem );
 };
 
 Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) {
+
 	// Set document vars if needed
-	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) {
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) {
 		setDocument( elem );
 	}
 
 	var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ],
+
 		// Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807)
 		val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ?
 			fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) :
@@ -1516,13 +1664,13 @@ Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) {
 		val :
 		support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ?
 			elem.getAttribute( name ) :
-			(val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ?
+			( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ?
 				val.value :
 				null;
 };
 
 Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) {
-	return (sel + "").replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
+	return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
 };
 
 Sizzle.error = function( msg ) {
@@ -1545,7 +1693,7 @@ Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) {
 	results.sort( sortOrder );
 
 	if ( hasDuplicate ) {
-		while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) {
+		while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) {
 			if ( elem === results[ i ] ) {
 				j = duplicates.push( i );
 			}
@@ -1573,17 +1721,21 @@ getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) {
 		nodeType = elem.nodeType;
 
 	if ( !nodeType ) {
+
 		// If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array
-		while ( (node = elem[i++]) ) {
+		while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) {
+
 			// Do not traverse comment nodes
 			ret += getText( node );
 		}
 	} else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) {
+
 		// Use textContent for elements
 		// innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153)
 		if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) {
 			return elem.textContent;
 		} else {
+
 			// Traverse its children
 			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
 				ret += getText( elem );
@@ -1592,6 +1744,7 @@ getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) {
 	} else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) {
 		return elem.nodeValue;
 	}
+
 	// Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes
 
 	return ret;
@@ -1619,19 +1772,21 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 
 	preFilter: {
 		"ATTR": function( match ) {
-			match[1] = match[1].replace( runescape, funescape );
+			match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape );
 
 			// Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted
-			match[3] = ( match[3] || match[4] || match[5] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape );
+			match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] ||
+				match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape );
 
-			if ( match[2] === "~=" ) {
-				match[3] = " " + match[3] + " ";
+			if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) {
+				match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " ";
 			}
 
 			return match.slice( 0, 4 );
 		},
 
 		"CHILD": function( match ) {
+
 			/* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"]
 				1 type (only|nth|...)
 				2 what (child|of-type)
@@ -1642,22 +1797,25 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 				7 sign of y-component
 				8 y of y-component
 			*/
-			match[1] = match[1].toLowerCase();
+			match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase();
+
+			if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) {
 
-			if ( match[1].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) {
 				// nth-* requires argument
-				if ( !match[3] ) {
-					Sizzle.error( match[0] );
+				if ( !match[ 3 ] ) {
+					Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] );
 				}
 
 				// numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD
 				// remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1
-				match[4] = +( match[4] ? match[5] + (match[6] || 1) : 2 * ( match[3] === "even" || match[3] === "odd" ) );
-				match[5] = +( ( match[7] + match[8] ) || match[3] === "odd" );
-
-			// other types prohibit arguments
-			} else if ( match[3] ) {
-				Sizzle.error( match[0] );
+				match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ?
+					match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) :
+					2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) );
+				match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" );
+
+				// other types prohibit arguments
+			} else if ( match[ 3 ] ) {
+				Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] );
 			}
 
 			return match;
@@ -1665,26 +1823,28 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 
 		"PSEUDO": function( match ) {
 			var excess,
-				unquoted = !match[6] && match[2];
+				unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ];
 
-			if ( matchExpr["CHILD"].test( match[0] ) ) {
+			if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) {
 				return null;
 			}
 
 			// Accept quoted arguments as-is
-			if ( match[3] ) {
-				match[2] = match[4] || match[5] || "";
+			if ( match[ 3 ] ) {
+				match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || "";
 
 			// Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments
 			} else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) &&
+
 				// Get excess from tokenize (recursively)
-				(excess = tokenize( unquoted, true )) &&
+				( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) &&
+
 				// advance to the next closing parenthesis
-				(excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length) ) {
+				( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) {
 
 				// excess is a negative index
-				match[0] = match[0].slice( 0, excess );
-				match[2] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess );
+				match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess );
+				match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess );
 			}
 
 			// Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument)
@@ -1697,7 +1857,9 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 		"TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) {
 			var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
 			return nodeNameSelector === "*" ?
-				function() { return true; } :
+				function() {
+					return true;
+				} :
 				function( elem ) {
 					return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName;
 				};
@@ -1707,10 +1869,16 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 			var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ];
 
 			return pattern ||
-				(pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" )) &&
-				classCache( className, function( elem ) {
-					return pattern.test( typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && elem.getAttribute("class") || "" );
-				});
+				( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace +
+					")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache(
+						className, function( elem ) {
+							return pattern.test(
+								typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className ||
+								typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" &&
+									elem.getAttribute( "class" ) ||
+								""
+							);
+				} );
 		},
 
 		"ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) {
@@ -1726,6 +1894,8 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 
 				result += "";
 
+				/* eslint-disable max-len */
+
 				return operator === "=" ? result === check :
 					operator === "!=" ? result !== check :
 					operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 :
@@ -1734,10 +1904,12 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 					operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 :
 					operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" :
 					false;
+				/* eslint-enable max-len */
+
 			};
 		},
 
-		"CHILD": function( type, what, argument, first, last ) {
+		"CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) {
 			var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth",
 				forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last",
 				ofType = what === "of-type";
@@ -1749,7 +1921,7 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 					return !!elem.parentNode;
 				} :
 
-				function( elem, context, xml ) {
+				function( elem, _context, xml ) {
 					var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start,
 						dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling",
 						parent = elem.parentNode,
@@ -1763,7 +1935,7 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 						if ( simple ) {
 							while ( dir ) {
 								node = elem;
-								while ( (node = node[ dir ]) ) {
+								while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) {
 									if ( ofType ?
 										node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name :
 										node.nodeType === 1 ) {
@@ -1771,6 +1943,7 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 										return false;
 									}
 								}
+
 								// Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so)
 								start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling";
 							}
@@ -1786,22 +1959,22 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 
 							// ...in a gzip-friendly way
 							node = parent;
-							outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {});
+							outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} );
 
 							// Support: IE <9 only
 							// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
 							uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
-								(outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {});
+								( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
 
 							cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || [];
 							nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ];
 							diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ];
 							node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ];
 
-							while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
+							while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
 
 								// Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start
-								(diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) {
+								( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) {
 
 								// When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break
 								if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) {
@@ -1811,16 +1984,18 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 							}
 
 						} else {
+
 							// Use previously-cached element index if available
 							if ( useCache ) {
+
 								// ...in a gzip-friendly way
 								node = elem;
-								outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {});
+								outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} );
 
 								// Support: IE <9 only
 								// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
 								uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
-									(outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {});
+									( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
 
 								cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || [];
 								nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ];
@@ -1830,9 +2005,10 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 							// xml :nth-child(...)
 							// or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...)
 							if ( diff === false ) {
+
 								// Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start
-								while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
-									(diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) {
+								while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
+									( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) {
 
 									if ( ( ofType ?
 										node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name :
@@ -1841,12 +2017,13 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 
 										// Cache the index of each encountered element
 										if ( useCache ) {
-											outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {});
+											outerCache = node[ expando ] ||
+												( node[ expando ] = {} );
 
 											// Support: IE <9 only
 											// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
 											uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
-												(outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {});
+												( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
 
 											uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ];
 										}
@@ -1867,6 +2044,7 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 		},
 
 		"PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) {
+
 			// pseudo-class names are case-insensitive
 			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes
 			// Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters
@@ -1886,15 +2064,15 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 			if ( fn.length > 1 ) {
 				args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ];
 				return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ?
-					markFunction(function( seed, matches ) {
+					markFunction( function( seed, matches ) {
 						var idx,
 							matched = fn( seed, argument ),
 							i = matched.length;
 						while ( i-- ) {
-							idx = indexOf( seed, matched[i] );
-							seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[i] );
+							idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] );
+							seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] );
 						}
-					}) :
+					} ) :
 					function( elem ) {
 						return fn( elem, 0, args );
 					};
@@ -1905,8 +2083,10 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 	},
 
 	pseudos: {
+
 		// Potentially complex pseudos
-		"not": markFunction(function( selector ) {
+		"not": markFunction( function( selector ) {
+
 			// Trim the selector passed to compile
 			// to avoid treating leading and trailing
 			// spaces as combinators
@@ -1915,39 +2095,40 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 				matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) );
 
 			return matcher[ expando ] ?
-				markFunction(function( seed, matches, context, xml ) {
+				markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) {
 					var elem,
 						unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ),
 						i = seed.length;
 
 					// Match elements unmatched by `matcher`
 					while ( i-- ) {
-						if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) {
-							seed[i] = !(matches[i] = elem);
+						if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) {
+							seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem );
 						}
 					}
-				}) :
-				function( elem, context, xml ) {
-					input[0] = elem;
+				} ) :
+				function( elem, _context, xml ) {
+					input[ 0 ] = elem;
 					matcher( input, null, xml, results );
+
 					// Don't keep the element (issue #299)
-					input[0] = null;
+					input[ 0 ] = null;
 					return !results.pop();
 				};
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"has": markFunction(function( selector ) {
+		"has": markFunction( function( selector ) {
 			return function( elem ) {
 				return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0;
 			};
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"contains": markFunction(function( text ) {
+		"contains": markFunction( function( text ) {
 			text = text.replace( runescape, funescape );
 			return function( elem ) {
-				return ( elem.textContent || elem.innerText || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1;
+				return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1;
 			};
-		}),
+		} ),
 
 		// "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector
 		// is based solely on the element's language value
@@ -1957,25 +2138,26 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 		// The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name."
 		// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo
 		"lang": markFunction( function( lang ) {
+
 			// lang value must be a valid identifier
-			if ( !ridentifier.test(lang || "") ) {
+			if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) {
 				Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang );
 			}
 			lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
 			return function( elem ) {
 				var elemLang;
 				do {
-					if ( (elemLang = documentIsHTML ?
+					if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ?
 						elem.lang :
-						elem.getAttribute("xml:lang") || elem.getAttribute("lang")) ) {
+						elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) {
 
 						elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase();
 						return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0;
 					}
-				} while ( (elem = elem.parentNode) && elem.nodeType === 1 );
+				} while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 );
 				return false;
 			};
-		}),
+		} ),
 
 		// Miscellaneous
 		"target": function( elem ) {
@@ -1988,7 +2170,9 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 		},
 
 		"focus": function( elem ) {
-			return elem === document.activeElement && (!document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus()) && !!(elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex);
+			return elem === document.activeElement &&
+				( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) &&
+				!!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex );
 		},
 
 		// Boolean properties
@@ -1996,16 +2180,20 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 		"disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ),
 
 		"checked": function( elem ) {
+
 			// In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements
 			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
 			var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-			return (nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked) || (nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected);
+			return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) ||
+				( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected );
 		},
 
 		"selected": function( elem ) {
+
 			// Accessing this property makes selected-by-default
 			// options in Safari work properly
 			if ( elem.parentNode ) {
+				// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions
 				elem.parentNode.selectedIndex;
 			}
 
@@ -2014,6 +2202,7 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 
 		// Contents
 		"empty": function( elem ) {
+
 			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo
 			// :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5),
 			//   but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.)
@@ -2027,7 +2216,7 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 		},
 
 		"parent": function( elem ) {
-			return !Expr.pseudos["empty"]( elem );
+			return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem );
 		},
 
 		// Element/input types
@@ -2051,57 +2240,62 @@ Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
 
 				// Support: IE<8
 				// New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text"
-				( (attr = elem.getAttribute("type")) == null || attr.toLowerCase() === "text" );
+				( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null ||
+					attr.toLowerCase() === "text" );
 		},
 
 		// Position-in-collection
-		"first": createPositionalPseudo(function() {
+		"first": createPositionalPseudo( function() {
 			return [ 0 ];
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"last": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+		"last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) {
 			return [ length - 1 ];
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"eq": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+		"eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
 			return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ];
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"even": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+		"even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) {
 			var i = 0;
 			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
 				matchIndexes.push( i );
 			}
 			return matchIndexes;
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"odd": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+		"odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) {
 			var i = 1;
 			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
 				matchIndexes.push( i );
 			}
 			return matchIndexes;
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"lt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
-			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
+		"lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+			var i = argument < 0 ?
+				argument + length :
+				argument > length ?
+					length :
+					argument;
 			for ( ; --i >= 0; ) {
 				matchIndexes.push( i );
 			}
 			return matchIndexes;
-		}),
+		} ),
 
-		"gt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+		"gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
 			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
 			for ( ; ++i < length; ) {
 				matchIndexes.push( i );
 			}
 			return matchIndexes;
-		})
+		} )
 	}
 };
 
-Expr.pseudos["nth"] = Expr.pseudos["eq"];
+Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ];
 
 // Add button/input type pseudos
 for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) {
@@ -2132,37 +2326,39 @@ tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) {
 	while ( soFar ) {
 
 		// Comma and first run
-		if ( !matched || (match = rcomma.exec( soFar )) ) {
+		if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) {
 			if ( match ) {
+
 				// Don't consume trailing commas as valid
-				soFar = soFar.slice( match[0].length ) || soFar;
+				soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar;
 			}
-			groups.push( (tokens = []) );
+			groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) );
 		}
 
 		matched = false;
 
 		// Combinators
-		if ( (match = rcombinators.exec( soFar )) ) {
+		if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) {
 			matched = match.shift();
-			tokens.push({
+			tokens.push( {
 				value: matched,
+
 				// Cast descendant combinators to space
-				type: match[0].replace( rtrim, " " )
-			});
+				type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " )
+			} );
 			soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
 		}
 
 		// Filters
 		for ( type in Expr.filter ) {
-			if ( (match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar )) && (!preFilters[ type ] ||
-				(match = preFilters[ type ]( match ))) ) {
+			if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] ||
+				( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) {
 				matched = match.shift();
-				tokens.push({
+				tokens.push( {
 					value: matched,
 					type: type,
 					matches: match
-				});
+				} );
 				soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
 			}
 		}
@@ -2179,6 +2375,7 @@ tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) {
 		soFar.length :
 		soFar ?
 			Sizzle.error( selector ) :
+
 			// Cache the tokens
 			tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 );
 };
@@ -2188,7 +2385,7 @@ function toSelector( tokens ) {
 		len = tokens.length,
 		selector = "";
 	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		selector += tokens[i].value;
+		selector += tokens[ i ].value;
 	}
 	return selector;
 }
@@ -2201,13 +2398,15 @@ function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) {
 		doneName = done++;
 
 	return combinator.first ?
+
 		// Check against closest ancestor/preceding element
 		function( elem, context, xml ) {
-			while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
+			while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
 				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
 					return matcher( elem, context, xml );
 				}
 			}
+			return false;
 		} :
 
 		// Check against all ancestor/preceding elements
@@ -2217,7 +2416,7 @@ function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) {
 
 			// We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching
 			if ( xml ) {
-				while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
+				while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
 					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
 						if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
 							return true;
@@ -2225,33 +2424,36 @@ function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) {
 					}
 				}
 			} else {
-				while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
+				while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
 					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
-						outerCache = elem[ expando ] || (elem[ expando ] = {});
+						outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} );
 
 						// Support: IE <9 only
 						// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
-						uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || (outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {});
+						uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] ||
+							( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} );
 
 						if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) {
 							elem = elem[ dir ] || elem;
-						} else if ( (oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ]) &&
+						} else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) &&
 							oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) {
 
 							// Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements
-							return (newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ]);
+							return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] );
 						} else {
+
 							// Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements
 							uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache;
 
 							// A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking
-							if ( (newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml )) ) {
+							if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) {
 								return true;
 							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
+			return false;
 		};
 }
 
@@ -2260,20 +2462,20 @@ function elementMatcher( matchers ) {
 		function( elem, context, xml ) {
 			var i = matchers.length;
 			while ( i-- ) {
-				if ( !matchers[i]( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+				if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) {
 					return false;
 				}
 			}
 			return true;
 		} :
-		matchers[0];
+		matchers[ 0 ];
 }
 
 function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) {
 	var i = 0,
 		len = contexts.length;
 	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		Sizzle( selector, contexts[i], results );
+		Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results );
 	}
 	return results;
 }
@@ -2286,7 +2488,7 @@ function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) {
 		mapped = map != null;
 
 	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) {
+		if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) {
 			if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) {
 				newUnmatched.push( elem );
 				if ( mapped ) {
@@ -2306,14 +2508,18 @@ function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postS
 	if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) {
 		postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector );
 	}
-	return markFunction(function( seed, results, context, xml ) {
+	return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) {
 		var temp, i, elem,
 			preMap = [],
 			postMap = [],
 			preexisting = results.length,
 
 			// Get initial elements from seed or context
-			elems = seed || multipleContexts( selector || "*", context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, [] ),
+			elems = seed || multipleContexts(
+				selector || "*",
+				context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context,
+				[]
+			),
 
 			// Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization
 			matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ?
@@ -2321,6 +2527,7 @@ function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postS
 				elems,
 
 			matcherOut = matcher ?
+
 				// If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results,
 				postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ?
 
@@ -2344,8 +2551,8 @@ function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postS
 			// Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn
 			i = temp.length;
 			while ( i-- ) {
-				if ( (elem = temp[i]) ) {
-					matcherOut[ postMap[i] ] = !(matcherIn[ postMap[i] ] = elem);
+				if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) {
+					matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem );
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -2353,25 +2560,27 @@ function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postS
 		if ( seed ) {
 			if ( postFinder || preFilter ) {
 				if ( postFinder ) {
+
 					// Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts
 					temp = [];
 					i = matcherOut.length;
 					while ( i-- ) {
-						if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) ) {
+						if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) {
+
 							// Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match
-							temp.push( (matcherIn[i] = elem) );
+							temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) );
 						}
 					}
-					postFinder( null, (matcherOut = []), temp, xml );
+					postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml );
 				}
 
 				// Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized
 				i = matcherOut.length;
 				while ( i-- ) {
-					if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) &&
-						(temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[i]) > -1 ) {
+					if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) &&
+						( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) {
 
-						seed[temp] = !(results[temp] = elem);
+						seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem );
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -2389,14 +2598,14 @@ function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postS
 				push.apply( results, matcherOut );
 			}
 		}
-	});
+	} );
 }
 
 function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) {
 	var checkContext, matcher, j,
 		len = tokens.length,
-		leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[0].type ],
-		implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[" "],
+		leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ],
+		implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ],
 		i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0,
 
 		// The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s)
@@ -2408,38 +2617,43 @@ function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) {
 		}, implicitRelative, true ),
 		matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) {
 			var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || (
-				(checkContext = context).nodeType ?
+				( checkContext = context ).nodeType ?
 					matchContext( elem, context, xml ) :
 					matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) );
+
 			// Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299)
 			checkContext = null;
 			return ret;
 		} ];
 
 	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		if ( (matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[i].type ]) ) {
-			matchers = [ addCombinator(elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher) ];
+		if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) {
+			matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ];
 		} else {
-			matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[i].type ].apply( null, tokens[i].matches );
+			matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches );
 
 			// Return special upon seeing a positional matcher
 			if ( matcher[ expando ] ) {
+
 				// Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling
 				j = ++i;
 				for ( ; j < len; j++ ) {
-					if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[j].type ] ) {
+					if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) {
 						break;
 					}
 				}
 				return setMatcher(
 					i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ),
 					i > 1 && toSelector(
-						// If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*`
-						tokens.slice( 0, i - 1 ).concat({ value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" })
+
+					// If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*`
+					tokens
+						.slice( 0, i - 1 )
+						.concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } )
 					).replace( rtrim, "$1" ),
 					matcher,
 					i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ),
-					j < len && matcherFromTokens( (tokens = tokens.slice( j )) ),
+					j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ),
 					j < len && toSelector( tokens )
 				);
 			}
@@ -2460,28 +2674,40 @@ function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
 				unmatched = seed && [],
 				setMatched = [],
 				contextBackup = outermostContext,
+
 				// We must always have either seed elements or outermost context
-				elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find["TAG"]( "*", outermost ),
+				elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ),
+
 				// Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher
-				dirrunsUnique = (dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1),
+				dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ),
 				len = elems.length;
 
 			if ( outermost ) {
-				outermostContext = context === document || context || outermost;
+
+				// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+				// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+				// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+				// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+				outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost;
 			}
 
 			// Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results
 			// Support: IE<9, Safari
 			// Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: <number>) matching elements by id
-			for ( ; i !== len && (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
+			for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) {
 				if ( byElement && elem ) {
 					j = 0;
-					if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument !== document ) {
+
+					// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+					// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+					// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+					// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+					if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) {
 						setDocument( elem );
 						xml = !documentIsHTML;
 					}
-					while ( (matcher = elementMatchers[j++]) ) {
-						if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml) ) {
+					while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) {
+						if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) {
 							results.push( elem );
 							break;
 						}
@@ -2493,8 +2719,9 @@ function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
 
 				// Track unmatched elements for set filters
 				if ( bySet ) {
+
 					// They will have gone through all possible matchers
-					if ( (elem = !matcher && elem) ) {
+					if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) {
 						matchedCount--;
 					}
 
@@ -2518,16 +2745,17 @@ function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
 			// numerically zero.
 			if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) {
 				j = 0;
-				while ( (matcher = setMatchers[j++]) ) {
+				while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) {
 					matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml );
 				}
 
 				if ( seed ) {
+
 					// Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting
 					if ( matchedCount > 0 ) {
 						while ( i-- ) {
-							if ( !(unmatched[i] || setMatched[i]) ) {
-								setMatched[i] = pop.call( results );
+							if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) {
+								setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results );
 							}
 						}
 					}
@@ -2568,13 +2796,14 @@ compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
 		cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ];
 
 	if ( !cached ) {
+
 		// Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element
 		if ( !match ) {
 			match = tokenize( selector );
 		}
 		i = match.length;
 		while ( i-- ) {
-			cached = matcherFromTokens( match[i] );
+			cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] );
 			if ( cached[ expando ] ) {
 				setMatchers.push( cached );
 			} else {
@@ -2583,7 +2812,10 @@ compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
 		}
 
 		// Cache the compiled function
-		cached = compilerCache( selector, matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) );
+		cached = compilerCache(
+			selector,
+			matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers )
+		);
 
 		// Save selector and tokenization
 		cached.selector = selector;
@@ -2603,7 +2835,7 @@ compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
 select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 	var i, tokens, token, type, find,
 		compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector,
-		match = !seed && tokenize( (selector = compiled.selector || selector) );
+		match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) );
 
 	results = results || [];
 
@@ -2612,12 +2844,12 @@ select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 	if ( match.length === 1 ) {
 
 		// Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID
-		tokens = match[0] = match[0].slice( 0 );
-		if ( tokens.length > 2 && (token = tokens[0]).type === "ID" &&
-				support.getById && context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML &&
-				Expr.relative[ tokens[1].type ] ) {
+		tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 );
+		if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" &&
+			context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) {
 
-			context = ( Expr.find["ID"]( token.matches[0].replace(runescape, funescape), context ) || [] )[0];
+			context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ]
+				.replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ];
 			if ( !context ) {
 				return results;
 
@@ -2630,20 +2862,22 @@ select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 		}
 
 		// Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching
-		i = matchExpr["needsContext"].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length;
+		i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length;
 		while ( i-- ) {
-			token = tokens[i];
+			token = tokens[ i ];
 
 			// Abort if we hit a combinator
-			if ( Expr.relative[ (type = token.type) ] ) {
+			if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) {
 				break;
 			}
-			if ( (find = Expr.find[ type ]) ) {
+			if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) {
+
 				// Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators
-				if ( (seed = find(
-					token.matches[0].replace( runescape, funescape ),
-					rsibling.test( tokens[0].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context
-				)) ) {
+				if ( ( seed = find(
+					token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ),
+					rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) ||
+						context
+				) ) ) {
 
 					// If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early
 					tokens.splice( i, 1 );
@@ -2674,7 +2908,7 @@ select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) {
 // One-time assignments
 
 // Sort stability
-support.sortStable = expando.split("").sort( sortOrder ).join("") === expando;
+support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando;
 
 // Support: Chrome 14-35+
 // Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function
@@ -2685,58 +2919,59 @@ setDocument();
 
 // Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27)
 // Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other*
-support.sortDetached = assert(function( el ) {
+support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) {
+
 	// Should return 1, but returns 4 (following)
-	return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement("fieldset") ) & 1;
-});
+	return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1;
+} );
 
 // Support: IE<8
 // Prevent attribute/property "interpolation"
 // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
-if ( !assert(function( el ) {
+if ( !assert( function( el ) {
 	el.innerHTML = "<a href='#'></a>";
-	return el.firstChild.getAttribute("href") === "#" ;
-}) ) {
+	return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#";
+} ) ) {
 	addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
 		if ( !isXML ) {
 			return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 );
 		}
-	});
+	} );
 }
 
 // Support: IE<9
 // Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value")
-if ( !support.attributes || !assert(function( el ) {
+if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) {
 	el.innerHTML = "<input/>";
 	el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" );
 	return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === "";
-}) ) {
-	addHandle( "value", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+} ) ) {
+	addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) {
 		if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) {
 			return elem.defaultValue;
 		}
-	});
+	} );
 }
 
 // Support: IE<9
 // Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies
-if ( !assert(function( el ) {
-	return el.getAttribute("disabled") == null;
-}) ) {
+if ( !assert( function( el ) {
+	return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null;
+} ) ) {
 	addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) {
 		var val;
 		if ( !isXML ) {
 			return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() :
-					(val = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && val.specified ?
+				( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ?
 					val.value :
-				null;
+					null;
 		}
-	});
+	} );
 }
 
 return Sizzle;
 
-})( window );
+} )( window );
 
 
 
@@ -2785,39 +3020,41 @@ var siblings = function( n, elem ) {
 
 var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext;
 
-var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i );
 
 
+function nodeName( elem, name ) {
+
+  return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase();
+
+};
+var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i );
+
 
-var risSimple = /^.[^:#\[\.,]*$/;
 
 // Implement the identical functionality for filter and not
 function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) {
-	if ( jQuery.isFunction( qualifier ) ) {
+	if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) {
 		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) {
 			return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not;
 		} );
-
 	}
 
+	// Single element
 	if ( qualifier.nodeType ) {
 		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
 			return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not;
 		} );
-
 	}
 
-	if ( typeof qualifier === "string" ) {
-		if ( risSimple.test( qualifier ) ) {
-			return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not );
-		}
-
-		qualifier = jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements );
+	// Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array)
+	if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) {
+		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
+			return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not;
+		} );
 	}
 
-	return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
-		return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not && elem.nodeType === 1;
-	} );
+	// Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors
+	return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not );
 }
 
 jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) {
@@ -2827,11 +3064,13 @@ jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) {
 		expr = ":not(" + expr + ")";
 	}
 
-	return elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ?
-		jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : [] :
-		jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) {
-			return elem.nodeType === 1;
-		} ) );
+	if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+		return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : [];
+	}
+
+	return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) {
+		return elem.nodeType === 1;
+	} ) );
 };
 
 jQuery.fn.extend( {
@@ -2936,7 +3175,7 @@ var rootjQuery,
 						for ( match in context ) {
 
 							// Properties of context are called as methods if possible
-							if ( jQuery.isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) {
+							if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) {
 								this[ match ]( context[ match ] );
 
 							// ...and otherwise set as attributes
@@ -2979,7 +3218,7 @@ var rootjQuery,
 
 		// HANDLE: $(function)
 		// Shortcut for document ready
-		} else if ( jQuery.isFunction( selector ) ) {
+		} else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) {
 			return root.ready !== undefined ?
 				root.ready( selector ) :
 
@@ -3101,7 +3340,7 @@ jQuery.each( {
 	parents: function( elem ) {
 		return dir( elem, "parentNode" );
 	},
-	parentsUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
+	parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
 		return dir( elem, "parentNode", until );
 	},
 	next: function( elem ) {
@@ -3116,10 +3355,10 @@ jQuery.each( {
 	prevAll: function( elem ) {
 		return dir( elem, "previousSibling" );
 	},
-	nextUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
+	nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
 		return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until );
 	},
-	prevUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
+	prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
 		return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until );
 	},
 	siblings: function( elem ) {
@@ -3129,7 +3368,24 @@ jQuery.each( {
 		return siblings( elem.firstChild );
 	},
 	contents: function( elem ) {
-		return elem.contentDocument || jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes );
+		if ( elem.contentDocument != null &&
+
+			// Support: IE 11+
+			// <object> elements with no `data` attribute has an object
+			// `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype.
+			getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) {
+
+			return elem.contentDocument;
+		}
+
+		// Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only
+		// Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that
+		// don't support it.
+		if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) {
+			elem = elem.content || elem;
+		}
+
+		return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes );
 	}
 }, function( name, fn ) {
 	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) {
@@ -3159,14 +3415,14 @@ jQuery.each( {
 		return this.pushStack( matched );
 	};
 } );
-var rnotwhite = ( /\S+/g );
+var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g );
 
 
 
 // Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones
 function createOptions( options ) {
 	var object = {};
-	jQuery.each( options.match( rnotwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) {
+	jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) {
 		object[ flag ] = true;
 	} );
 	return object;
@@ -3227,7 +3483,7 @@ jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {
 		fire = function() {
 
 			// Enforce single-firing
-			locked = options.once;
+			locked = locked || options.once;
 
 			// Execute callbacks for all pending executions,
 			// respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes
@@ -3283,11 +3539,11 @@ jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {
 
 					( function add( args ) {
 						jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) {
-							if ( jQuery.isFunction( arg ) ) {
+							if ( isFunction( arg ) ) {
 								if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) {
 									list.push( arg );
 								}
-							} else if ( arg && arg.length && jQuery.type( arg ) !== "string" ) {
+							} else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) {
 
 								// Inspect recursively
 								add( arg );
@@ -3396,25 +3652,26 @@ function Thrower( ex ) {
 	throw ex;
 }
 
-function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject ) {
+function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) {
 	var method;
 
 	try {
 
 		// Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior
-		if ( value && jQuery.isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) {
+		if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) {
 			method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject );
 
 		// Other thenables
-		} else if ( value && jQuery.isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) {
+		} else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) {
 			method.call( value, resolve, reject );
 
 		// Other non-thenables
 		} else {
 
-			// Support: Android 4.0 only
-			// Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context
-			resolve.call( undefined, value );
+			// Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer:
+			// * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value )
+			// * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve()
+			resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) );
 		}
 
 	// For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections
@@ -3424,7 +3681,7 @@ function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject ) {
 
 		// Support: Android 4.0 only
 		// Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context
-		reject.call( undefined, value );
+		reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] );
 	}
 }
 
@@ -3460,17 +3717,17 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 					var fns = arguments;
 
 					return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) {
-						jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
+						jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) {
 
 							// Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress)
-							var fn = jQuery.isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ];
+							var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ];
 
 							// deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify })
 							// deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve })
 							// deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject })
 							deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() {
 								var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments );
-								if ( returned && jQuery.isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
+								if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
 									returned.promise()
 										.progress( newDefer.notify )
 										.done( newDefer.resolve )
@@ -3524,7 +3781,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 										returned.then;
 
 									// Handle a returned thenable
-									if ( jQuery.isFunction( then ) ) {
+									if ( isFunction( then ) ) {
 
 										// Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution
 										if ( special ) {
@@ -3620,7 +3877,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 							resolve(
 								0,
 								newDefer,
-								jQuery.isFunction( onProgress ) ?
+								isFunction( onProgress ) ?
 									onProgress :
 									Identity,
 								newDefer.notifyWith
@@ -3632,7 +3889,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 							resolve(
 								0,
 								newDefer,
-								jQuery.isFunction( onFulfilled ) ?
+								isFunction( onFulfilled ) ?
 									onFulfilled :
 									Identity
 							)
@@ -3643,7 +3900,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 							resolve(
 								0,
 								newDefer,
-								jQuery.isFunction( onRejected ) ?
+								isFunction( onRejected ) ?
 									onRejected :
 									Thrower
 							)
@@ -3683,8 +3940,15 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 					// fulfilled_callbacks.disable
 					tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable,
 
+					// rejected_handlers.disable
+					// fulfilled_handlers.disable
+					tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable,
+
 					// progress_callbacks.lock
-					tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock
+					tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock,
+
+					// progress_handlers.lock
+					tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock
 				);
 			}
 
@@ -3749,11 +4013,12 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 
 		// Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve
 		if ( remaining <= 1 ) {
-			adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject );
+			adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject,
+				!remaining );
 
 			// Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000)
 			if ( master.state() === "pending" ||
-				jQuery.isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) {
+				isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) {
 
 				return master.then();
 			}
@@ -3821,15 +4086,6 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 	// the ready event fires. See #6781
 	readyWait: 1,
 
-	// Hold (or release) the ready event
-	holdReady: function( hold ) {
-		if ( hold ) {
-			jQuery.readyWait++;
-		} else {
-			jQuery.ready( true );
-		}
-	},
-
 	// Handle when the DOM is ready
 	ready: function( wait ) {
 
@@ -3890,7 +4146,7 @@ var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
 		bulk = key == null;
 
 	// Sets many values
-	if ( jQuery.type( key ) === "object" ) {
+	if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) {
 		chainable = true;
 		for ( i in key ) {
 			access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw );
@@ -3900,7 +4156,7 @@ var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
 	} else if ( value !== undefined ) {
 		chainable = true;
 
-		if ( !jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+		if ( !isFunction( value ) ) {
 			raw = true;
 		}
 
@@ -3914,7 +4170,7 @@ var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
 			// ...except when executing function values
 			} else {
 				bulk = fn;
-				fn = function( elem, key, value ) {
+				fn = function( elem, _key, value ) {
 					return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value );
 				};
 			}
@@ -3931,14 +4187,34 @@ var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return chainable ?
-		elems :
+	if ( chainable ) {
+		return elems;
+	}
+
+	// Gets
+	if ( bulk ) {
+		return fn.call( elems );
+	}
 
-		// Gets
-		bulk ?
-			fn.call( elems ) :
-			len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet;
+	return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet;
 };
+
+
+// Matches dashed string for camelizing
+var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
+	rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g;
+
+// Used by camelCase as callback to replace()
+function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) {
+	return letter.toUpperCase();
+}
+
+// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules
+// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
+// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572)
+function camelCase( string ) {
+	return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase );
+}
 var acceptData = function( owner ) {
 
 	// Accepts only:
@@ -4001,14 +4277,14 @@ Data.prototype = {
 		// Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args
 		// Always use camelCase key (gh-2257)
 		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
-			cache[ jQuery.camelCase( data ) ] = value;
+			cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value;
 
 		// Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args
 		} else {
 
 			// Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object
 			for ( prop in data ) {
-				cache[ jQuery.camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ];
+				cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ];
 			}
 		}
 		return cache;
@@ -4018,7 +4294,7 @@ Data.prototype = {
 			this.cache( owner ) :
 
 			// Always use camelCase key (gh-2257)
-			owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ jQuery.camelCase( key ) ];
+			owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ];
 	},
 	access: function( owner, key, value ) {
 
@@ -4062,19 +4338,19 @@ Data.prototype = {
 		if ( key !== undefined ) {
 
 			// Support array or space separated string of keys
-			if ( jQuery.isArray( key ) ) {
+			if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) {
 
 				// If key is an array of keys...
 				// We always set camelCase keys, so remove that.
-				key = key.map( jQuery.camelCase );
+				key = key.map( camelCase );
 			} else {
-				key = jQuery.camelCase( key );
+				key = camelCase( key );
 
 				// If a key with the spaces exists, use it.
 				// Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace
 				key = key in cache ?
 					[ key ] :
-					( key.match( rnotwhite ) || [] );
+					( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] );
 			}
 
 			i = key.length;
@@ -4122,6 +4398,31 @@ var dataUser = new Data();
 var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/,
 	rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g;
 
+function getData( data ) {
+	if ( data === "true" ) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if ( data === "false" ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if ( data === "null" ) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	// Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string
+	if ( data === +data + "" ) {
+		return +data;
+	}
+
+	if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) {
+		return JSON.parse( data );
+	}
+
+	return data;
+}
+
 function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) {
 	var name;
 
@@ -4133,14 +4434,7 @@ function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) {
 
 		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
 			try {
-				data = data === "true" ? true :
-					data === "false" ? false :
-					data === "null" ? null :
-
-					// Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string
-					+data + "" === data ? +data :
-					rbrace.test( data ) ? JSON.parse( data ) :
-					data;
+				data = getData( data );
 			} catch ( e ) {}
 
 			// Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later
@@ -4196,7 +4490,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 						if ( attrs[ i ] ) {
 							name = attrs[ i ].name;
 							if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) {
-								name = jQuery.camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) );
+								name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) );
 								dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] );
 							}
 						}
@@ -4270,7 +4564,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 
 			// Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup
 			if ( data ) {
-				if ( !queue || jQuery.isArray( data ) ) {
+				if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) {
 					queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) );
 				} else {
 					queue.push( data );
@@ -4400,6 +4694,26 @@ var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" );
 
 var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ];
 
+var documentElement = document.documentElement;
+
+
+
+	var isAttached = function( elem ) {
+			return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
+		},
+		composed = { composed: true };
+
+	// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only
+	// Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504)
+	// Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only
+	// Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`,
+	// leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`.
+	if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) {
+		isAttached = function( elem ) {
+			return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ||
+				elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument;
+		};
+	}
 var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) {
 
 		// isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function;
@@ -4414,37 +4728,15 @@ var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) {
 			// Support: Firefox <=43 - 45
 			// Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is
 			// in the document.
-			jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) &&
+			isAttached( elem ) &&
 
 			jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none";
 	};
 
-var swap = function( elem, options, callback, args ) {
-	var ret, name,
-		old = {};
-
-	// Remember the old values, and insert the new ones
-	for ( name in options ) {
-		old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ];
-		elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ];
-	}
-
-	ret = callback.apply( elem, args || [] );
-
-	// Revert the old values
-	for ( name in options ) {
-		elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ];
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-};
-
-
 
 
 function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) {
-	var adjusted,
-		scale = 1,
+	var adjusted, scale,
 		maxIterations = 20,
 		currentValue = tween ?
 			function() {
@@ -4457,35 +4749,39 @@ function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) {
 		unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ),
 
 		// Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches
-		initialInUnit = ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) &&
+		initialInUnit = elem.nodeType &&
+			( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) &&
 			rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) );
 
 	if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) {
 
+		// Support: Firefox <=54
+		// Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144)
+		initial = initial / 2;
+
 		// Trust units reported by jQuery.css
 		unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ];
 
-		// Make sure we update the tween properties later on
-		valueParts = valueParts || [];
-
 		// Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point
 		initialInUnit = +initial || 1;
 
-		do {
-
-			// If previous iteration zeroed out, double until we get *something*.
-			// Use string for doubling so we don't accidentally see scale as unchanged below
-			scale = scale || ".5";
+		while ( maxIterations-- ) {
 
-			// Adjust and apply
-			initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale;
+			// Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out).
+			// Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive).
 			jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit );
+			if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) {
+				maxIterations = 0;
+			}
+			initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale;
 
-		// Update scale, tolerating zero or NaN from tween.cur()
-		// Break the loop if scale is unchanged or perfect, or if we've just had enough.
-		} while (
-			scale !== ( scale = currentValue() / initial ) && scale !== 1 && --maxIterations
-		);
+		}
+
+		initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2;
+		jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit );
+
+		// Make sure we update the tween properties later on
+		valueParts = valueParts || [];
 	}
 
 	if ( valueParts ) {
@@ -4517,7 +4813,7 @@ function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) {
 		return display;
 	}
 
-	temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ),
+	temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) );
 	display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" );
 
 	temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp );
@@ -4601,17 +4897,46 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 } );
 var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i );
 
-var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]+)/i );
+var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i );
 
-var rscriptType = ( /^$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i );
+var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i );
 
 
 
-// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200)
-var wrapMap = {
+( function() {
+	var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(),
+		div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ),
+		input = document.createElement( "input" );
+
+	// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only
+	// Check state lost if the name is set (#11217)
+	// Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA)
+	// `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901)
+	input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" );
+	input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" );
+	input.setAttribute( "name", "t" );
+
+	div.appendChild( input );
+
+	// Support: Android <=4.1 only
+	// Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments
+	support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked;
+
+	// Support: IE <=11 only
+	// Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned
+	div.innerHTML = "<textarea>x</textarea>";
+	support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue;
 
 	// Support: IE <=9 only
-	option: [ 1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>" ],
+	// IE <=9 replaces <option> tags with their contents when inserted outside of
+	// the select element.
+	div.innerHTML = "<option></option>";
+	support.option = !!div.lastChild;
+} )();
+
+
+// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200)
+var wrapMap = {
 
 	// XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the
 	// same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten
@@ -4624,26 +4949,36 @@ var wrapMap = {
 	_default: [ 0, "", "" ]
 };
 
-// Support: IE <=9 only
-wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
-
 wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
 wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
 
+// Support: IE <=9 only
+if ( !support.option ) {
+	wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>" ];
+}
+
 
 function getAll( context, tag ) {
 
 	// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
 	// Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151)
-	var ret = typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ?
-			context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ) :
-			typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ?
-				context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ) :
-			[];
-
-	return tag === undefined || tag && jQuery.nodeName( context, tag ) ?
-		jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ) :
-		ret;
+	var ret;
+
+	if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) {
+		ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" );
+
+	} else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) {
+		ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" );
+
+	} else {
+		ret = [];
+	}
+
+	if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) {
+		return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret );
+	}
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 
@@ -4665,7 +5000,7 @@ function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) {
 var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/;
 
 function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) {
-	var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, contains, j,
+	var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j,
 		fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
 		nodes = [],
 		i = 0,
@@ -4677,7 +5012,7 @@ function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) {
 		if ( elem || elem === 0 ) {
 
 			// Add nodes directly
-			if ( jQuery.type( elem ) === "object" ) {
+			if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) {
 
 				// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
 				// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
@@ -4729,13 +5064,13 @@ function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) {
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		contains = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
+		attached = isAttached( elem );
 
 		// Append to fragment
 		tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" );
 
 		// Preserve script evaluation history
-		if ( contains ) {
+		if ( attached ) {
 			setGlobalEval( tmp );
 		}
 
@@ -4754,34 +5089,6 @@ function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) {
 }
 
 
-( function() {
-	var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(),
-		div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ),
-		input = document.createElement( "input" );
-
-	// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only
-	// Check state lost if the name is set (#11217)
-	// Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA)
-	// `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901)
-	input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" );
-	input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" );
-	input.setAttribute( "name", "t" );
-
-	div.appendChild( input );
-
-	// Support: Android <=4.1 only
-	// Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments
-	support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked;
-
-	// Support: IE <=11 only
-	// Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned
-	div.innerHTML = "<textarea>x</textarea>";
-	support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue;
-} )();
-var documentElement = document.documentElement;
-
-
-
 var
 	rkeyEvent = /^key/,
 	rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/,
@@ -4795,8 +5102,19 @@ function returnFalse() {
 	return false;
 }
 
+// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
+// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op.
+// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active,
+// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active.
+// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers,
+// this just defines when we can count on it).
+function expectSync( elem, type ) {
+	return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" );
+}
+
 // Support: IE <=9 only
-// See #13393 for more info
+// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly
+// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393
 function safeActiveElement() {
 	try {
 		return document.activeElement;
@@ -4879,8 +5197,8 @@ jQuery.event = {
 			special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
 			elemData = dataPriv.get( elem );
 
-		// Don't attach events to noData or text/comment nodes (but allow plain objects)
-		if ( !elemData ) {
+		// Only attach events to objects that accept data
+		if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) {
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -4904,7 +5222,7 @@ jQuery.event = {
 
 		// Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first
 		if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) {
-			events = elemData.events = {};
+			events = elemData.events = Object.create( null );
 		}
 		if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) {
 			eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) {
@@ -4917,7 +5235,7 @@ jQuery.event = {
 		}
 
 		// Handle multiple events separated by a space
-		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnotwhite ) || [ "" ];
+		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
 		t = types.length;
 		while ( t-- ) {
 			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || [];
@@ -4999,7 +5317,7 @@ jQuery.event = {
 		}
 
 		// Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted
-		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnotwhite ) || [ "" ];
+		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
 		t = types.length;
 		while ( t-- ) {
 			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || [];
@@ -5062,12 +5380,15 @@ jQuery.event = {
 
 	dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) {
 
-		// Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object
-		var event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent );
-
 		var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue,
 			args = new Array( arguments.length ),
-			handlers = ( dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] || [],
+
+			// Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object
+			event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ),
+
+			handlers = (
+					dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null )
+				)[ event.type ] || [],
 			special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {};
 
 		// Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event
@@ -5096,9 +5417,10 @@ jQuery.event = {
 			while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) &&
 				!event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) {
 
-				// Triggered event must either 1) have no namespace, or 2) have namespace(s)
-				// a subset or equal to those in the bound event (both can have no namespace).
-				if ( !event.rnamespace || event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) {
+				// If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is
+				// specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's.
+				if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false ||
+					event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) {
 
 					event.handleObj = handleObj;
 					event.data = handleObj.data;
@@ -5125,51 +5447,58 @@ jQuery.event = {
 	},
 
 	handlers: function( event, handlers ) {
-		var i, matches, sel, handleObj,
+		var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors,
 			handlerQueue = [],
 			delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount,
 			cur = event.target;
 
-		// Support: IE <=9
 		// Find delegate handlers
-		// Black-hole SVG <use> instance trees (#13180)
-		//
-		// Support: Firefox <=42
-		// Avoid non-left-click in FF but don't block IE radio events (#3861, gh-2343)
-		if ( delegateCount && cur.nodeType &&
-			( event.type !== "click" || isNaN( event.button ) || event.button < 1 ) ) {
+		if ( delegateCount &&
+
+			// Support: IE <=9
+			// Black-hole SVG <use> instance trees (trac-13180)
+			cur.nodeType &&
+
+			// Support: Firefox <=42
+			// Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861)
+			// https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click
+			// Support: IE 11 only
+			// ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343)
+			!( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) {
 
 			for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) {
 
 				// Don't check non-elements (#13208)
 				// Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764)
-				if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && ( cur.disabled !== true || event.type !== "click" ) ) {
-					matches = [];
+				if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) {
+					matchedHandlers = [];
+					matchedSelectors = {};
 					for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) {
 						handleObj = handlers[ i ];
 
 						// Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203)
 						sel = handleObj.selector + " ";
 
-						if ( matches[ sel ] === undefined ) {
-							matches[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ?
+						if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) {
+							matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ?
 								jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 :
 								jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length;
 						}
-						if ( matches[ sel ] ) {
-							matches.push( handleObj );
+						if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) {
+							matchedHandlers.push( handleObj );
 						}
 					}
-					if ( matches.length ) {
-						handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matches } );
+					if ( matchedHandlers.length ) {
+						handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } );
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers
+		cur = this;
 		if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) {
-			handlerQueue.push( { elem: this, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } );
+			handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } );
 		}
 
 		return handlerQueue;
@@ -5180,7 +5509,7 @@ jQuery.event = {
 			enumerable: true,
 			configurable: true,
 
-			get: jQuery.isFunction( hook ) ?
+			get: isFunction( hook ) ?
 				function() {
 					if ( this.originalEvent ) {
 							return hook( this.originalEvent );
@@ -5215,39 +5544,51 @@ jQuery.event = {
 			// Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load
 			noBubble: true
 		},
-		focus: {
+		click: {
 
-			// Fire native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct
-			trigger: function() {
-				if ( this !== safeActiveElement() && this.focus ) {
-					this.focus();
-					return false;
-				}
-			},
-			delegateType: "focusin"
-		},
-		blur: {
-			trigger: function() {
-				if ( this === safeActiveElement() && this.blur ) {
-					this.blur();
-					return false;
+			// Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs
+			setup: function( data ) {
+
+				// For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var.
+				// `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification.
+				var el = this || data;
+
+				// Claim the first handler
+				if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) &&
+					el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) {
+
+					// dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... )
+					leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue );
 				}
+
+				// Return false to allow normal processing in the caller
+				return false;
 			},
-			delegateType: "focusout"
-		},
-		click: {
+			trigger: function( data ) {
 
-			// For checkbox, fire native event so checked state will be right
-			trigger: function() {
-				if ( this.type === "checkbox" && this.click && jQuery.nodeName( this, "input" ) ) {
-					this.click();
-					return false;
+				// For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var.
+				// `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification.
+				var el = this || data;
+
+				// Force setup before triggering a click
+				if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) &&
+					el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) {
+
+					leverageNative( el, "click" );
 				}
+
+				// Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation
+				return true;
 			},
 
-			// For cross-browser consistency, don't fire native .click() on links
+			// For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links
+			// Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack
 			_default: function( event ) {
-				return jQuery.nodeName( event.target, "a" );
+				var target = event.target;
+				return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) &&
+					target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) &&
+					dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) ||
+					nodeName( target, "a" );
 			}
 		},
 
@@ -5264,6 +5605,93 @@ jQuery.event = {
 	}
 };
 
+// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered
+// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to
+// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have
+// already occurred before other listeners are invoked.
+function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) {
+
+	// Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add
+	if ( !expectSync ) {
+		if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) {
+			jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue );
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces
+	dataPriv.set( el, type, false );
+	jQuery.event.add( el, type, {
+		namespace: false,
+		handler: function( event ) {
+			var notAsync, result,
+				saved = dataPriv.get( this, type );
+
+			if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) {
+
+				// Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event
+				// Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object
+				// from an async native handler (gh-4350)
+				if ( !saved.length ) {
+
+					// Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event
+					// There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array
+					// will not be confused with a leftover capture object.
+					saved = slice.call( arguments );
+					dataPriv.set( this, type, saved );
+
+					// Trigger the native event and capture its result
+					// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
+					// focus() and blur() are asynchronous
+					notAsync = expectSync( this, type );
+					this[ type ]();
+					result = dataPriv.get( this, type );
+					if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) {
+						dataPriv.set( this, type, false );
+					} else {
+						result = {};
+					}
+					if ( saved !== result ) {
+
+						// Cancel the outer synthetic event
+						event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+						event.preventDefault();
+						return result.value;
+					}
+
+				// If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate
+				// (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the
+				// native event and prevent that from happening again here.
+				// This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the
+				// bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems
+				// less bad than duplication.
+				} else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) {
+					event.stopPropagation();
+				}
+
+			// If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order
+			// Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments
+			} else if ( saved.length ) {
+
+				// ...and capture the result
+				dataPriv.set( this, type, {
+					value: jQuery.event.trigger(
+
+						// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
+						// Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation()
+						jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ),
+						saved.slice( 1 ),
+						this
+					)
+				} );
+
+				// Abort handling of the native event
+				event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+			}
+		}
+	} );
+}
+
 jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) {
 
 	// This "if" is needed for plain objects
@@ -5315,7 +5743,7 @@ jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) {
 	}
 
 	// Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one
-	this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || jQuery.now();
+	this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now();
 
 	// Mark it as fixed
 	this[ jQuery.expando ] = true;
@@ -5376,6 +5804,7 @@ jQuery.each( {
 	shiftKey: true,
 	view: true,
 	"char": true,
+	code: true,
 	charCode: true,
 	key: true,
 	keyCode: true,
@@ -5403,13 +5832,52 @@ jQuery.each( {
 
 		// Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right
 		if ( !event.which && button !== undefined && rmouseEvent.test( event.type ) ) {
-			return ( button & 1 ? 1 : ( button & 2 ? 3 : ( button & 4 ? 2 : 0 ) ) );
+			if ( button & 1 ) {
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			if ( button & 2 ) {
+				return 3;
+			}
+
+			if ( button & 4 ) {
+				return 2;
+			}
+
+			return 0;
 		}
 
 		return event.which;
 	}
 }, jQuery.event.addProp );
 
+jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) {
+	jQuery.event.special[ type ] = {
+
+		// Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct
+		setup: function() {
+
+			// Claim the first handler
+			// dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... )
+			// dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... )
+			leverageNative( this, type, expectSync );
+
+			// Return false to allow normal processing in the caller
+			return false;
+		},
+		trigger: function() {
+
+			// Force setup before trigger
+			leverageNative( this, type );
+
+			// Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation
+			return true;
+		},
+
+		delegateType: delegateType
+	};
+} );
+
 // Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks
 // so that event delegation works in jQuery.
 // Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout
@@ -5495,28 +5963,21 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 
 var
 
-	/* eslint-disable max-len */
-
-	// See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/3229
-	rxhtmlTag = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[^>]*)\/>/gi,
-
-	/* eslint-enable */
-
-	// Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13
+	// Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only
 	// In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns.
 	// See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/
 	rnoInnerhtml = /<script|<style|<link/i,
 
 	// checked="checked" or checked
 	rchecked = /checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,
-	rscriptTypeMasked = /^true\/(.*)/,
 	rcleanScript = /^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g;
 
+// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows
 function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) {
-	if ( jQuery.nodeName( elem, "table" ) &&
-		jQuery.nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) {
+	if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) &&
+		nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) {
 
-		return elem.getElementsByTagName( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem;
+		return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem;
 	}
 
 	return elem;
@@ -5528,10 +5989,8 @@ function disableScript( elem ) {
 	return elem;
 }
 function restoreScript( elem ) {
-	var match = rscriptTypeMasked.exec( elem.type );
-
-	if ( match ) {
-		elem.type = match[ 1 ];
+	if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) {
+		elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 );
 	} else {
 		elem.removeAttribute( "type" );
 	}
@@ -5540,7 +5999,7 @@ function restoreScript( elem ) {
 }
 
 function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) {
-	var i, l, type, pdataOld, pdataCur, udataOld, udataCur, events;
+	var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events;
 
 	if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) {
 		return;
@@ -5548,13 +6007,11 @@ function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) {
 
 	// 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc.
 	if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) {
-		pdataOld = dataPriv.access( src );
-		pdataCur = dataPriv.set( dest, pdataOld );
+		pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src );
 		events = pdataOld.events;
 
 		if ( events ) {
-			delete pdataCur.handle;
-			pdataCur.events = {};
+			dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" );
 
 			for ( type in events ) {
 				for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) {
@@ -5590,22 +6047,22 @@ function fixInput( src, dest ) {
 function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) {
 
 	// Flatten any nested arrays
-	args = concat.apply( [], args );
+	args = flat( args );
 
 	var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc,
 		i = 0,
 		l = collection.length,
 		iNoClone = l - 1,
 		value = args[ 0 ],
-		isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );
+		valueIsFunction = isFunction( value );
 
 	// We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit
-	if ( isFunction ||
+	if ( valueIsFunction ||
 			( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" &&
 				!support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) {
 		return collection.each( function( index ) {
 			var self = collection.eq( index );
-			if ( isFunction ) {
+			if ( valueIsFunction ) {
 				args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() );
 			}
 			domManip( self, args, callback, ignored );
@@ -5659,14 +6116,16 @@ function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) {
 						!dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) &&
 						jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) {
 
-						if ( node.src ) {
+						if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase()  !== "module" ) {
 
 							// Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present
-							if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) {
-								jQuery._evalUrl( node.src );
+							if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) {
+								jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, {
+									nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" )
+								}, doc );
 							}
 						} else {
-							DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), doc );
+							DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc );
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -5688,7 +6147,7 @@ function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) {
 		}
 
 		if ( node.parentNode ) {
-			if ( keepData && jQuery.contains( node.ownerDocument, node ) ) {
+			if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) {
 				setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) );
 			}
 			node.parentNode.removeChild( node );
@@ -5700,13 +6159,13 @@ function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) {
 
 jQuery.extend( {
 	htmlPrefilter: function( html ) {
-		return html.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>" );
+		return html;
 	},
 
 	clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
 		var i, l, srcElements, destElements,
 			clone = elem.cloneNode( true ),
-			inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
+			inPage = isAttached( elem );
 
 		// Fix IE cloning issues
 		if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) &&
@@ -5946,8 +6405,6 @@ jQuery.each( {
 		return this.pushStack( ret );
 	};
 } );
-var rmargin = ( /^margin/ );
-
 var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" );
 
 var getStyles = function( elem ) {
@@ -5964,6 +6421,29 @@ var getStyles = function( elem ) {
 		return view.getComputedStyle( elem );
 	};
 
+var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) {
+	var ret, name,
+		old = {};
+
+	// Remember the old values, and insert the new ones
+	for ( name in options ) {
+		old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ];
+		elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ];
+	}
+
+	ret = callback.call( elem );
+
+	// Revert the old values
+	for ( name in options ) {
+		elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ];
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+};
+
+
+var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" );
+
 
 
 ( function() {
@@ -5977,25 +6457,35 @@ var getStyles = function( elem ) {
 			return;
 		}
 
+		container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" +
+			"margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0";
 		div.style.cssText =
-			"box-sizing:border-box;" +
-			"position:relative;display:block;" +
+			"position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" +
 			"margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" +
-			"top:1%;width:50%";
-		div.innerHTML = "";
-		documentElement.appendChild( container );
+			"width:60%;top:1%";
+		documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div );
 
 		var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div );
 		pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%";
 
 		// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44
-		reliableMarginLeftVal = divStyle.marginLeft === "2px";
-		boxSizingReliableVal = divStyle.width === "4px";
+		reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12;
 
-		// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only
+		// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3
 		// Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't
-		div.style.marginRight = "50%";
-		pixelMarginRightVal = divStyle.marginRight === "4px";
+		div.style.right = "60%";
+		pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36;
+
+		// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
+		// Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements
+		boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36;
+
+		// Support: IE 9 only
+		// Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699)
+		// Support: Chrome <=64
+		// Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029)
+		div.style.position = "absolute";
+		scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12;
 
 		documentElement.removeChild( container );
 
@@ -6004,8 +6494,13 @@ var getStyles = function( elem ) {
 		div = null;
 	}
 
-	var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, pixelMarginRightVal, reliableMarginLeftVal,
-		container = document.createElement( "div" ),
+	function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) {
+		return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) );
+	}
+
+	var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal,
+		reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal,
+		container = document.createElement( "div" ),
 		div = document.createElement( "div" );
 
 	// Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments
@@ -6019,26 +6514,55 @@ var getStyles = function( elem ) {
 	div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = "";
 	support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box";
 
-	container.style.cssText = "border:0;width:8px;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px;" +
-		"padding:0;margin-top:1px;position:absolute";
-	container.appendChild( div );
-
 	jQuery.extend( support, {
-		pixelPosition: function() {
-			computeStyleTests();
-			return pixelPositionVal;
-		},
 		boxSizingReliable: function() {
 			computeStyleTests();
 			return boxSizingReliableVal;
 		},
-		pixelMarginRight: function() {
+		pixelBoxStyles: function() {
 			computeStyleTests();
-			return pixelMarginRightVal;
+			return pixelBoxStylesVal;
+		},
+		pixelPosition: function() {
+			computeStyleTests();
+			return pixelPositionVal;
 		},
 		reliableMarginLeft: function() {
 			computeStyleTests();
 			return reliableMarginLeftVal;
+		},
+		scrollboxSize: function() {
+			computeStyleTests();
+			return scrollboxSizeVal;
+		},
+
+		// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
+		// IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height
+		// set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values.
+		// Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes
+		// some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there!
+		reliableTrDimensions: function() {
+			var table, tr, trChild, trStyle;
+			if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) {
+				table = document.createElement( "table" );
+				tr = document.createElement( "tr" );
+				trChild = document.createElement( "div" );
+
+				table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px";
+				tr.style.height = "1px";
+				trChild.style.height = "9px";
+
+				documentElement
+					.appendChild( table )
+					.appendChild( tr )
+					.appendChild( trChild );
+
+				trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr );
+				reliableTrDimensionsVal = parseInt( trStyle.height ) > 3;
+
+				documentElement.removeChild( table );
+			}
+			return reliableTrDimensionsVal;
 		}
 	} );
 } )();
@@ -6046,16 +6570,22 @@ var getStyles = function( elem ) {
 
 function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) {
 	var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret,
+
+		// Support: Firefox 51+
+		// Retrieving style before computed somehow
+		// fixes an issue with getting wrong values
+		// on detached elements
 		style = elem.style;
 
 	computed = computed || getStyles( elem );
 
-	// Support: IE <=9 only
-	// getPropertyValue is only needed for .css('filter') (#12537)
+	// getPropertyValue is needed for:
+	//   .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537)
+	//   .css('--customProperty) (#3144)
 	if ( computed ) {
 		ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ];
 
-		if ( ret === "" && !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ) {
+		if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) {
 			ret = jQuery.style( elem, name );
 		}
 
@@ -6064,7 +6594,7 @@ function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) {
 		// but width seems to be reliably pixels.
 		// This is against the CSSOM draft spec:
 		// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values
-		if ( !support.pixelMarginRight() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rmargin.test( name ) ) {
+		if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) {
 
 			// Remember the original values
 			width = style.width;
@@ -6111,29 +6641,13 @@ function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) {
 }
 
 
-var
-
-	// Swappable if display is none or starts with table
-	// except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption"
-	// See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display
-	rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,
-	cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" },
-	cssNormalTransform = {
-		letterSpacing: "0",
-		fontWeight: "400"
-	},
-
-	cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ],
-	emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style;
+var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ],
+	emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style,
+	vendorProps = {};
 
-// Return a css property mapped to a potentially vendor prefixed property
+// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined
 function vendorPropName( name ) {
 
-	// Shortcut for names that are not vendor prefixed
-	if ( name in emptyStyle ) {
-		return name;
-	}
-
 	// Check for vendor prefixed names
 	var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ),
 		i = cssPrefixes.length;
@@ -6146,7 +6660,34 @@ function vendorPropName( name ) {
 	}
 }
 
-function setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ) {
+// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property
+function finalPropName( name ) {
+	var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ];
+
+	if ( final ) {
+		return final;
+	}
+	if ( name in emptyStyle ) {
+		return name;
+	}
+	return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name;
+}
+
+
+var
+
+	// Swappable if display is none or starts with table
+	// except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption"
+	// See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display
+	rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,
+	rcustomProp = /^--/,
+	cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" },
+	cssNormalTransform = {
+		letterSpacing: "0",
+		fontWeight: "400"
+	};
+
+function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) {
 
 	// Any relative (+/-) values have already been
 	// normalized at this point
@@ -6158,98 +6699,146 @@ function setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ) {
 		value;
 }
 
-function augmentWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra, isBorderBox, styles ) {
-	var i = extra === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ?
-
-		// If we already have the right measurement, avoid augmentation
-		4 :
+function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) {
+	var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0,
+		extra = 0,
+		delta = 0;
 
-		// Otherwise initialize for horizontal or vertical properties
-		name === "width" ? 1 : 0,
-
-		val = 0;
+	// Adjustment may not be necessary
+	if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) {
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) {
 
-		// Both box models exclude margin, so add it if we want it
-		if ( extra === "margin" ) {
-			val += jQuery.css( elem, extra + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+		// Both box models exclude margin
+		if ( box === "margin" ) {
+			delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
 		}
 
-		if ( isBorderBox ) {
+		// If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin"
+		if ( !isBorderBox ) {
 
-			// border-box includes padding, so remove it if we want content
-			if ( extra === "content" ) {
-				val -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
-			}
+			// Add padding
+			delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
 
-			// At this point, extra isn't border nor margin, so remove border
-			if ( extra !== "margin" ) {
-				val -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+			// For "border" or "margin", add border
+			if ( box !== "padding" ) {
+				delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+
+			// But still keep track of it otherwise
+			} else {
+				extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
 			}
+
+		// If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or
+		// "padding" or "margin"
 		} else {
 
-			// At this point, extra isn't content, so add padding
-			val += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+			// For "content", subtract padding
+			if ( box === "content" ) {
+				delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+			}
 
-			// At this point, extra isn't content nor padding, so add border
-			if ( extra !== "padding" ) {
-				val += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+			// For "content" or "padding", subtract border
+			if ( box !== "margin" ) {
+				delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return val;
-}
+	// Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal
+	if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) {
+
+		// offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border
+		// Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down
+		delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil(
+			elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] -
+			computedVal -
+			delta -
+			extra -
+			0.5
+
+		// If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter
+		// Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964)
+		) ) || 0;
+	}
 
-function getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ) {
+	return delta;
+}
 
-	// Start with offset property, which is equivalent to the border-box value
-	var val,
-		valueIsBorderBox = true,
-		styles = getStyles( elem ),
-		isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box";
+function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) {
 
-	// Support: IE <=11 only
-	// Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node
-	// in IE throws an error.
-	if ( elem.getClientRects().length ) {
-		val = elem.getBoundingClientRect()[ name ];
-	}
+	// Start with computed style
+	var styles = getStyles( elem ),
 
-	// Some non-html elements return undefined for offsetWidth, so check for null/undefined
-	// svg - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=649285
-	// MathML - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=491668
-	if ( val <= 0 || val == null ) {
+		// To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322).
+		// Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value.
+		boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra,
+		isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded &&
+			jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
+		valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox,
 
-		// Fall back to computed then uncomputed css if necessary
-		val = curCSS( elem, name, styles );
-		if ( val < 0 || val == null ) {
-			val = elem.style[ name ];
-		}
+		val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ),
+		offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 );
 
-		// Computed unit is not pixels. Stop here and return.
-		if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) {
+	// Support: Firefox <=54
+	// Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate.
+	if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) {
+		if ( !extra ) {
 			return val;
 		}
+		val = "auto";
+	}
 
-		// Check for style in case a browser which returns unreliable values
-		// for getComputedStyle silently falls back to the reliable elem.style
-		valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox &&
-			( support.boxSizingReliable() || val === elem.style[ name ] );
 
-		// Normalize "", auto, and prepare for extra
-		val = parseFloat( val ) || 0;
+	// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
+	// Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable.
+	// In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box.
+	if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox ||
+
+		// Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
+		// IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height
+		// set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values.
+		// Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue.
+		!support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) ||
+
+		// Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto"
+		// This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571)
+		val === "auto" ||
+
+		// Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only
+		// Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602)
+		!parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) &&
+
+		// Make sure the element is visible & connected
+		elem.getClientRects().length ) {
+
+		isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box";
+
+		// Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions.
+		// Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the
+		// retrieved value as a content box dimension.
+		valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem;
+		if ( valueIsBorderBox ) {
+			val = elem[ offsetProp ];
+		}
 	}
 
-	// Use the active box-sizing model to add/subtract irrelevant styles
+	// Normalize "" and auto
+	val = parseFloat( val ) || 0;
+
+	// Adjust for the element's box model
 	return ( val +
-		augmentWidthOrHeight(
+		boxModelAdjustment(
 			elem,
-			name,
+			dimension,
 			extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ),
 			valueIsBorderBox,
-			styles
+			styles,
+
+			// Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589)
+			val
 		)
 	) + "px";
 }
@@ -6279,6 +6868,13 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 		"flexGrow": true,
 		"flexShrink": true,
 		"fontWeight": true,
+		"gridArea": true,
+		"gridColumn": true,
+		"gridColumnEnd": true,
+		"gridColumnStart": true,
+		"gridRow": true,
+		"gridRowEnd": true,
+		"gridRowStart": true,
 		"lineHeight": true,
 		"opacity": true,
 		"order": true,
@@ -6290,9 +6886,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 
 	// Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before
 	// setting or getting the value
-	cssProps: {
-		"float": "cssFloat"
-	},
+	cssProps: {},
 
 	// Get and set the style property on a DOM Node
 	style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) {
@@ -6304,11 +6898,16 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 
 		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
 		var ret, type, hooks,
-			origName = jQuery.camelCase( name ),
+			origName = camelCase( name ),
+			isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ),
 			style = elem.style;
 
-		name = jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] ||
-			( jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] = vendorPropName( origName ) || origName );
+		// Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't
+		// want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property
+		// since they are user-defined.
+		if ( !isCustomProp ) {
+			name = finalPropName( origName );
+		}
 
 		// Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version
 		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
@@ -6331,7 +6930,9 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 			}
 
 			// If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties)
-			if ( type === "number" ) {
+			// The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append
+			// "px" to a few hardcoded values.
+			if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) {
 				value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" );
 			}
 
@@ -6344,7 +6945,11 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 			if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) ||
 				( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) {
 
-				style[ name ] = value;
+				if ( isCustomProp ) {
+					style.setProperty( name, value );
+				} else {
+					style[ name ] = value;
+				}
 			}
 
 		} else {
@@ -6363,11 +6968,15 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 
 	css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) {
 		var val, num, hooks,
-			origName = jQuery.camelCase( name );
+			origName = camelCase( name ),
+			isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name );
 
-		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
-		name = jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] ||
-			( jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] = vendorPropName( origName ) || origName );
+		// Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't
+		// want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property
+		// since they are user-defined.
+		if ( !isCustomProp ) {
+			name = finalPropName( origName );
+		}
 
 		// Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name
 		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
@@ -6392,12 +7001,13 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 			num = parseFloat( val );
 			return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val;
 		}
+
 		return val;
 	}
 } );
 
-jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( i, name ) {
-	jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] = {
+jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) {
+	jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = {
 		get: function( elem, computed, extra ) {
 			if ( computed ) {
 
@@ -6413,29 +7023,52 @@ jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( i, name ) {
 					// in IE throws an error.
 					( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ?
 						swap( elem, cssShow, function() {
-							return getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra );
+							return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra );
 						} ) :
-						getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra );
+						getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra );
 			}
 		},
 
 		set: function( elem, value, extra ) {
 			var matches,
-				styles = extra && getStyles( elem ),
-				subtract = extra && augmentWidthOrHeight(
-					elem,
-					name,
-					extra,
+				styles = getStyles( elem ),
+
+				// Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail
+				// to avoid forcing a reflow.
+				scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() &&
+					styles.position === "absolute",
+
+				// To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991)
+				boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra,
+				isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded &&
 					jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
-					styles
+				subtract = extra ?
+					boxModelAdjustment(
+						elem,
+						dimension,
+						extra,
+						isBorderBox,
+						styles
+					) :
+					0;
+
+			// Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and
+			// faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699)
+			if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) {
+				subtract -= Math.ceil(
+					elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] -
+					parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) -
+					boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) -
+					0.5
 				);
+			}
 
 			// Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed
 			if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) &&
 				( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) {
 
-				elem.style[ name ] = value;
-				value = jQuery.css( elem, name );
+				elem.style[ dimension ] = value;
+				value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension );
 			}
 
 			return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract );
@@ -6479,7 +7112,7 @@ jQuery.each( {
 		}
 	};
 
-	if ( !rmargin.test( prefix ) ) {
+	if ( prefix !== "margin" ) {
 		jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber;
 	}
 } );
@@ -6491,7 +7124,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 				map = {},
 				i = 0;
 
-			if ( jQuery.isArray( name ) ) {
+			if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) {
 				styles = getStyles( elem );
 				len = name.length;
 
@@ -6589,9 +7222,9 @@ Tween.propHooks = {
 			// Use .style if available and use plain properties where available.
 			if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) {
 				jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween );
-			} else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 &&
-				( tween.elem.style[ jQuery.cssProps[ tween.prop ] ] != null ||
-					jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ) ) {
+			} else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && (
+					jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ||
+					tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) {
 				jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit );
 			} else {
 				tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
@@ -6629,13 +7262,18 @@ jQuery.fx.step = {};
 
 
 var
-	fxNow, timerId,
+	fxNow, inProgress,
 	rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,
 	rrun = /queueHooks$/;
 
-function raf() {
-	if ( timerId ) {
-		window.requestAnimationFrame( raf );
+function schedule() {
+	if ( inProgress ) {
+		if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) {
+			window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule );
+		} else {
+			window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval );
+		}
+
 		jQuery.fx.tick();
 	}
 }
@@ -6645,7 +7283,7 @@ function createFxNow() {
 	window.setTimeout( function() {
 		fxNow = undefined;
 	} );
-	return ( fxNow = jQuery.now() );
+	return ( fxNow = Date.now() );
 }
 
 // Generate parameters to create a standard animation
@@ -6749,9 +7387,10 @@ function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) {
 	// Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations
 	if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
 
-		// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 13
+		// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
 		// Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand
-		// from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY
+		// from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors
+		// the overflowX value there.
 		opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ];
 
 		// Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade
@@ -6859,10 +7498,10 @@ function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) {
 
 	// camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass
 	for ( index in props ) {
-		name = jQuery.camelCase( index );
+		name = camelCase( index );
 		easing = specialEasing[ name ];
 		value = props[ index ];
-		if ( jQuery.isArray( value ) ) {
+		if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
 			easing = value[ 1 ];
 			value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ];
 		}
@@ -6921,12 +7560,19 @@ function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
 
 			deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] );
 
+			// If there's more to do, yield
 			if ( percent < 1 && length ) {
 				return remaining;
-			} else {
-				deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] );
-				return false;
 			}
+
+			// If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification
+			if ( !length ) {
+				deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] );
+			}
+
+			// Resolve the animation and report its conclusion
+			deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] );
+			return false;
 		},
 		animation = deferred.promise( {
 			elem: elem,
@@ -6977,9 +7623,9 @@ function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
 	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
 		result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts );
 		if ( result ) {
-			if ( jQuery.isFunction( result.stop ) ) {
+			if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) {
 				jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop =
-					jQuery.proxy( result.stop, result );
+					result.stop.bind( result );
 			}
 			return result;
 		}
@@ -6987,10 +7633,17 @@ function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
 
 	jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation );
 
-	if ( jQuery.isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) {
+	if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) {
 		animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation );
 	}
 
+	// Attach callbacks from options
+	animation
+		.progress( animation.opts.progress )
+		.done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete )
+		.fail( animation.opts.fail )
+		.always( animation.opts.always );
+
 	jQuery.fx.timer(
 		jQuery.extend( tick, {
 			elem: elem,
@@ -6999,11 +7652,7 @@ function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
 		} )
 	);
 
-	// attach callbacks from options
-	return animation.progress( animation.opts.progress )
-		.done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete )
-		.fail( animation.opts.fail )
-		.always( animation.opts.always );
+	return animation;
 }
 
 jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, {
@@ -7017,11 +7666,11 @@ jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, {
 	},
 
 	tweener: function( props, callback ) {
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( props ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( props ) ) {
 			callback = props;
 			props = [ "*" ];
 		} else {
-			props = props.match( rnotwhite );
+			props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite );
 		}
 
 		var prop,
@@ -7049,19 +7698,24 @@ jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, {
 jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) {
 	var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : {
 		complete: fn || !fn && easing ||
-			jQuery.isFunction( speed ) && speed,
+			isFunction( speed ) && speed,
 		duration: speed,
-		easing: fn && easing || easing && !jQuery.isFunction( easing ) && easing
+		easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing
 	};
 
-	// Go to the end state if fx are off or if document is hidden
-	if ( jQuery.fx.off || document.hidden ) {
+	// Go to the end state if fx are off
+	if ( jQuery.fx.off ) {
 		opt.duration = 0;
 
 	} else {
-		opt.duration = typeof opt.duration === "number" ?
-			opt.duration : opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ?
-				jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ] : jQuery.fx.speeds._default;
+		if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) {
+			if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) {
+				opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ];
+
+			} else {
+				opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx"
@@ -7073,7 +7727,7 @@ jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) {
 	opt.old = opt.complete;
 
 	opt.complete = function() {
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( opt.old ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) {
 			opt.old.call( this );
 		}
 
@@ -7125,7 +7779,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 			clearQueue = type;
 			type = undefined;
 		}
-		if ( clearQueue && type !== false ) {
+		if ( clearQueue ) {
 			this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
 		}
 
@@ -7208,7 +7862,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 	}
 } );
 
-jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( i, name ) {
+jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) {
 	var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ];
 	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
 		return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ?
@@ -7237,12 +7891,12 @@ jQuery.fx.tick = function() {
 		i = 0,
 		timers = jQuery.timers;
 
-	fxNow = jQuery.now();
+	fxNow = Date.now();
 
 	for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) {
 		timer = timers[ i ];
 
-		// Checks the timer has not already been removed
+		// Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal)
 		if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) {
 			timers.splice( i--, 1 );
 		}
@@ -7256,30 +7910,21 @@ jQuery.fx.tick = function() {
 
 jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) {
 	jQuery.timers.push( timer );
-	if ( timer() ) {
-		jQuery.fx.start();
-	} else {
-		jQuery.timers.pop();
-	}
+	jQuery.fx.start();
 };
 
 jQuery.fx.interval = 13;
 jQuery.fx.start = function() {
-	if ( !timerId ) {
-		timerId = window.requestAnimationFrame ?
-			window.requestAnimationFrame( raf ) :
-			window.setInterval( jQuery.fx.tick, jQuery.fx.interval );
+	if ( inProgress ) {
+		return;
 	}
+
+	inProgress = true;
+	schedule();
 };
 
 jQuery.fx.stop = function() {
-	if ( window.cancelAnimationFrame ) {
-		window.cancelAnimationFrame( timerId );
-	} else {
-		window.clearInterval( timerId );
-	}
-
-	timerId = null;
+	inProgress = null;
 };
 
 jQuery.fx.speeds = {
@@ -7396,7 +8041,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 		type: {
 			set: function( elem, value ) {
 				if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" &&
-					jQuery.nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) {
+					nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) {
 					var val = elem.value;
 					elem.setAttribute( "type", value );
 					if ( val ) {
@@ -7411,7 +8056,10 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 	removeAttr: function( elem, value ) {
 		var name,
 			i = 0,
-			attrNames = value && value.match( rnotwhite );
+
+			// Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters
+			// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2
+			attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite );
 
 		if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
 			while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) {
@@ -7435,7 +8083,7 @@ boolHook = {
 	}
 };
 
-jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( i, name ) {
+jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) {
 	var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr;
 
 	attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) {
@@ -7518,12 +8166,19 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 				// Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072)
 				var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" );
 
-				return tabindex ?
-					parseInt( tabindex, 10 ) :
+				if ( tabindex ) {
+					return parseInt( tabindex, 10 );
+				}
+
+				if (
 					rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) ||
-						rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && elem.href ?
-							0 :
-							-1;
+					rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) &&
+					elem.href
+				) {
+					return 0;
+				}
+
+				return -1;
 			}
 		}
 	},
@@ -7540,9 +8195,14 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 // on the option
 // The getter ensures a default option is selected
 // when in an optgroup
+// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code
+// since it considers such accessions noop
 if ( !support.optSelected ) {
 	jQuery.propHooks.selected = {
 		get: function( elem ) {
+
+			/* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */
+
 			var parent = elem.parentNode;
 			if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) {
 				parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
@@ -7550,6 +8210,9 @@ if ( !support.optSelected ) {
 			return null;
 		},
 		set: function( elem ) {
+
+			/* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */
+
 			var parent = elem.parentNode;
 			if ( parent ) {
 				parent.selectedIndex;
@@ -7580,30 +8243,45 @@ jQuery.each( [
 
 
 
-var rclass = /[\t\r\n\f]/g;
+	// Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec
+	// https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace
+	function stripAndCollapse( value ) {
+		var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
+		return tokens.join( " " );
+	}
+
 
 function getClass( elem ) {
 	return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || "";
 }
 
+function classesToArray( value ) {
+	if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
+		return value;
+	}
+	if ( typeof value === "string" ) {
+		return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
+	}
+	return [];
+}
+
 jQuery.fn.extend( {
 	addClass: function( value ) {
 		var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue,
 			i = 0;
 
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
 			return this.each( function( j ) {
 				jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) );
 			} );
 		}
 
-		if ( typeof value === "string" && value ) {
-			classes = value.match( rnotwhite ) || [];
+		classes = classesToArray( value );
 
+		if ( classes.length ) {
 			while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
 				curValue = getClass( elem );
-				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 &&
-					( " " + curValue + " " ).replace( rclass, " " );
+				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " );
 
 				if ( cur ) {
 					j = 0;
@@ -7614,7 +8292,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 					}
 
 					// Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
-					finalValue = jQuery.trim( cur );
+					finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur );
 					if ( curValue !== finalValue ) {
 						elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue );
 					}
@@ -7629,7 +8307,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 		var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue,
 			i = 0;
 
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
 			return this.each( function( j ) {
 				jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) );
 			} );
@@ -7639,15 +8317,14 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 			return this.attr( "class", "" );
 		}
 
-		if ( typeof value === "string" && value ) {
-			classes = value.match( rnotwhite ) || [];
+		classes = classesToArray( value );
 
+		if ( classes.length ) {
 			while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
 				curValue = getClass( elem );
 
 				// This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass)
-				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 &&
-					( " " + curValue + " " ).replace( rclass, " " );
+				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " );
 
 				if ( cur ) {
 					j = 0;
@@ -7660,7 +8337,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 					}
 
 					// Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
-					finalValue = jQuery.trim( cur );
+					finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur );
 					if ( curValue !== finalValue ) {
 						elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue );
 					}
@@ -7672,13 +8349,14 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 	},
 
 	toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) {
-		var type = typeof value;
+		var type = typeof value,
+			isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value );
 
-		if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && type === "string" ) {
+		if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) {
 			return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value );
 		}
 
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
 			return this.each( function( i ) {
 				jQuery( this ).toggleClass(
 					value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ),
@@ -7690,12 +8368,12 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 		return this.each( function() {
 			var className, i, self, classNames;
 
-			if ( type === "string" ) {
+			if ( isValidValue ) {
 
 				// Toggle individual class names
 				i = 0;
 				self = jQuery( this );
-				classNames = value.match( rnotwhite ) || [];
+				classNames = classesToArray( value );
 
 				while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) {
 
@@ -7738,10 +8416,8 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 		className = " " + selector + " ";
 		while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
 			if ( elem.nodeType === 1 &&
-				( " " + getClass( elem ) + " " ).replace( rclass, " " )
-					.indexOf( className ) > -1
-			) {
-				return true;
+				( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) {
+					return true;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -7752,12 +8428,11 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 
 
 
-var rreturn = /\r/g,
-	rspaces = /[\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g;
+var rreturn = /\r/g;
 
 jQuery.fn.extend( {
 	val: function( value ) {
-		var hooks, ret, isFunction,
+		var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction,
 			elem = this[ 0 ];
 
 		if ( !arguments.length ) {
@@ -7774,19 +8449,19 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 
 				ret = elem.value;
 
-				return typeof ret === "string" ?
-
-					// Handle most common string cases
-					ret.replace( rreturn, "" ) :
+				// Handle most common string cases
+				if ( typeof ret === "string" ) {
+					return ret.replace( rreturn, "" );
+				}
 
-					// Handle cases where value is null/undef or number
-					ret == null ? "" : ret;
+				// Handle cases where value is null/undef or number
+				return ret == null ? "" : ret;
 			}
 
 			return;
 		}
 
-		isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );
+		valueIsFunction = isFunction( value );
 
 		return this.each( function( i ) {
 			var val;
@@ -7795,7 +8470,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if ( isFunction ) {
+			if ( valueIsFunction ) {
 				val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() );
 			} else {
 				val = value;
@@ -7808,7 +8483,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 			} else if ( typeof val === "number" ) {
 				val += "";
 
-			} else if ( jQuery.isArray( val ) ) {
+			} else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) {
 				val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) {
 					return value == null ? "" : value + "";
 				} );
@@ -7837,20 +8512,24 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 					// option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858)
 					// Strip and collapse whitespace
 					// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace
-					jQuery.trim( jQuery.text( elem ) ).replace( rspaces, " " );
+					stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) );
 			}
 		},
 		select: {
 			get: function( elem ) {
-				var value, option,
+				var value, option, i,
 					options = elem.options,
 					index = elem.selectedIndex,
 					one = elem.type === "select-one",
 					values = one ? null : [],
-					max = one ? index + 1 : options.length,
-					i = index < 0 ?
-						max :
-						one ? index : 0;
+					max = one ? index + 1 : options.length;
+
+				if ( index < 0 ) {
+					i = max;
+
+				} else {
+					i = one ? index : 0;
+				}
 
 				// Loop through all the selected options
 				for ( ; i < max; i++ ) {
@@ -7863,7 +8542,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 							// Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup
 							!option.disabled &&
 							( !option.parentNode.disabled ||
-								!jQuery.nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) {
+								!nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) {
 
 						// Get the specific value for the option
 						value = jQuery( option ).val();
@@ -7915,7 +8594,7 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() {
 	jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = {
 		set: function( elem, value ) {
-			if ( jQuery.isArray( value ) ) {
+			if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
 				return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 );
 			}
 		}
@@ -7933,18 +8612,24 @@ jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() {
 // Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion
 
 
-var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/;
+support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window;
+
+
+var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,
+	stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) {
+		e.stopPropagation();
+	};
 
 jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
 
 	trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) {
 
-		var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special,
+		var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement,
 			eventPath = [ elem || document ],
 			type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event,
 			namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : [];
 
-		cur = tmp = elem = elem || document;
+		cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document;
 
 		// Don't do events on text and comment nodes
 		if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) {
@@ -7996,7 +8681,7 @@ jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
 
 		// Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)
 		// Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)
-		if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {
+		if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
 
 			bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;
 			if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {
@@ -8016,13 +8701,15 @@ jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
 		// Fire handlers on the event path
 		i = 0;
 		while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
-
+			lastElement = cur;
 			event.type = i > 1 ?
 				bubbleType :
 				special.bindType || type;
 
 			// jQuery handler
-			handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] &&
+			handle = (
+					dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null )
+				)[ event.type ] &&
 				dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" );
 			if ( handle ) {
 				handle.apply( cur, data );
@@ -8048,7 +8735,7 @@ jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
 
 				// Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event.
 				// Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)
-				if ( ontype && jQuery.isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {
+				if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
 
 					// Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method
 					tmp = elem[ ontype ];
@@ -8059,7 +8746,17 @@ jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
 
 					// Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above
 					jQuery.event.triggered = type;
+
+					if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+						lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
+					}
+
 					elem[ type ]();
+
+					if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+						lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
+					}
+
 					jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;
 
 					if ( tmp ) {
@@ -8105,31 +8802,6 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 } );
 
 
-jQuery.each( ( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " +
-	"mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " +
-	"change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu" ).split( " " ),
-	function( i, name ) {
-
-	// Handle event binding
-	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) {
-		return arguments.length > 0 ?
-			this.on( name, null, data, fn ) :
-			this.trigger( name );
-	};
-} );
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) {
-		return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver );
-	}
-} );
-
-
-
-
-support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window;
-
-
 // Support: Firefox <=44
 // Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events
 // Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787
@@ -8148,7 +8820,10 @@ if ( !support.focusin ) {
 
 		jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = {
 			setup: function() {
-				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this,
+
+				// Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window
+				// (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`).
+				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this,
 					attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix );
 
 				if ( !attaches ) {
@@ -8157,7 +8832,7 @@ if ( !support.focusin ) {
 				dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 );
 			},
 			teardown: function() {
-				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this,
+				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this,
 					attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1;
 
 				if ( !attaches ) {
@@ -8173,7 +8848,7 @@ if ( !support.focusin ) {
 }
 var location = window.location;
 
-var nonce = jQuery.now();
+var nonce = { guid: Date.now() };
 
 var rquery = ( /\?/ );
 
@@ -8210,7 +8885,7 @@ var
 function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) {
 	var name;
 
-	if ( jQuery.isArray( obj ) ) {
+	if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) {
 
 		// Serialize array item.
 		jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) {
@@ -8231,7 +8906,7 @@ function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) {
 			}
 		} );
 
-	} else if ( !traditional && jQuery.type( obj ) === "object" ) {
+	} else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) {
 
 		// Serialize object item.
 		for ( name in obj ) {
@@ -8253,7 +8928,7 @@ jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) {
 		add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) {
 
 			// If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value
-			var value = jQuery.isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ?
+			var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ?
 				valueOrFunction() :
 				valueOrFunction;
 
@@ -8261,8 +8936,12 @@ jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) {
 				encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value );
 		};
 
+	if ( a == null ) {
+		return "";
+	}
+
 	// If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements.
-	if ( jQuery.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) {
+	if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) {
 
 		// Serialize the form elements
 		jQuery.each( a, function() {
@@ -8301,16 +8980,20 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 				rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) &&
 				( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) );
 		} )
-		.map( function( i, elem ) {
+		.map( function( _i, elem ) {
 			var val = jQuery( this ).val();
 
-			return val == null ?
-				null :
-				jQuery.isArray( val ) ?
-					jQuery.map( val, function( val ) {
-						return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
-					} ) :
-					{ name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
+			if ( val == null ) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) {
+				return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) {
+					return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
+				} );
+			}
+
+			return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
 		} ).get();
 	}
 } );
@@ -8319,7 +9002,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 var
 	r20 = /%20/g,
 	rhash = /#.*$/,
-	rts = /([?&])_=[^&]*/,
+	rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/,
 	rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg,
 
 	// #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection
@@ -8365,9 +9048,9 @@ function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) {
 
 		var dataType,
 			i = 0,
-			dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnotwhite ) || [];
+			dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
 
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( func ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( func ) ) {
 
 			// For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression
 			while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) {
@@ -8759,12 +9442,14 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 						if ( !responseHeaders ) {
 							responseHeaders = {};
 							while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) {
-								responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] = match[ 2 ];
+								responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] =
+									( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] )
+										.concat( match[ 2 ] );
 							}
 						}
-						match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() ];
+						match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ];
 					}
-					return match == null ? null : match;
+					return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " );
 				},
 
 				// Raw string
@@ -8833,13 +9518,13 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 		s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type;
 
 		// Extract dataTypes list
-		s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnotwhite ) || [ "" ];
+		s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
 
 		// A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin.
 		if ( s.crossDomain == null ) {
 			urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" );
 
-			// Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 13
+			// Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
 			// IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed,
 			// e.g. http://example.com:80x/
 			try {
@@ -8897,18 +9582,19 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 			// Remember the hash so we can put it back
 			uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length );
 
-			// If data is available, append data to url
-			if ( s.data ) {
+			// If data is available and should be processed, append data to url
+			if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) {
 				cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data;
 
 				// #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry
 				delete s.data;
 			}
 
-			// Add anti-cache in uncached url if needed
+			// Add or update anti-cache param if needed
 			if ( s.cache === false ) {
-				cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rts, "" );
-				uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce++ ) + uncached;
+				cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" );
+				uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) +
+					uncached;
 			}
 
 			// Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732)
@@ -9041,6 +9727,11 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 				response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses );
 			}
 
+			// Use a noop converter for missing script
+			if ( !isSuccess && jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 ) {
+				s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {};
+			}
+
 			// Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set)
 			response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess );
 
@@ -9131,11 +9822,11 @@ jQuery.extend( {
 	}
 } );
 
-jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( i, method ) {
+jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) {
 	jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) {
 
 		// Shift arguments if data argument was omitted
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( data ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( data ) ) {
 			type = type || callback;
 			callback = data;
 			data = undefined;
@@ -9152,8 +9843,17 @@ jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( i, method ) {
 	};
 } );
 
+jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) {
+	var i;
+	for ( i in s.headers ) {
+		if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) {
+			s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || "";
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
 
-jQuery._evalUrl = function( url ) {
+jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) {
 	return jQuery.ajax( {
 		url: url,
 
@@ -9163,7 +9863,16 @@ jQuery._evalUrl = function( url ) {
 		cache: true,
 		async: false,
 		global: false,
-		"throws": true
+
+		// Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126)
+		// dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead
+		// of the default converter is kludgy but it works.
+		converters: {
+			"text script": function() {}
+		},
+		dataFilter: function( response ) {
+			jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc );
+		}
 	} );
 };
 
@@ -9173,7 +9882,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 		var wrap;
 
 		if ( this[ 0 ] ) {
-			if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) {
+			if ( isFunction( html ) ) {
 				html = html.call( this[ 0 ] );
 			}
 
@@ -9199,7 +9908,7 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 	},
 
 	wrapInner: function( html ) {
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( html ) ) {
 			return this.each( function( i ) {
 				jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) );
 			} );
@@ -9219,10 +9928,10 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 	},
 
 	wrap: function( html ) {
-		var isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( html );
+		var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html );
 
 		return this.each( function( i ) {
-			jQuery( this ).wrapAll( isFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html );
+			jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html );
 		} );
 	},
 
@@ -9314,7 +10023,8 @@ jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) {
 					return function() {
 						if ( callback ) {
 							callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload =
-								xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.onreadystatechange = null;
+								xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout =
+									xhr.onreadystatechange = null;
 
 							if ( type === "abort" ) {
 								xhr.abort();
@@ -9354,7 +10064,7 @@ jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) {
 
 				// Listen to events
 				xhr.onload = callback();
-				errorCallback = xhr.onerror = callback( "error" );
+				errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" );
 
 				// Support: IE 9 only
 				// Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort
@@ -9445,24 +10155,21 @@ jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) {
 // Bind script tag hack transport
 jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) {
 
-	// This transport only deals with cross domain requests
-	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
+	// This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests
+	if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) {
 		var script, callback;
 		return {
 			send: function( _, complete ) {
-				script = jQuery( "<script>" ).prop( {
-					charset: s.scriptCharset,
-					src: s.url
-				} ).on(
-					"load error",
-					callback = function( evt ) {
+				script = jQuery( "<script>" )
+					.attr( s.scriptAttrs || {} )
+					.prop( { charset: s.scriptCharset, src: s.url } )
+					.on( "load error", callback = function( evt ) {
 						script.remove();
 						callback = null;
 						if ( evt ) {
 							complete( evt.type === "error" ? 404 : 200, evt.type );
 						}
-					}
-				);
+					} );
 
 				// Use native DOM manipulation to avoid our domManip AJAX trickery
 				document.head.appendChild( script[ 0 ] );
@@ -9486,7 +10193,7 @@ var oldCallbacks = [],
 jQuery.ajaxSetup( {
 	jsonp: "callback",
 	jsonpCallback: function() {
-		var callback = oldCallbacks.pop() || ( jQuery.expando + "_" + ( nonce++ ) );
+		var callback = oldCallbacks.pop() || ( jQuery.expando + "_" + ( nonce.guid++ ) );
 		this[ callback ] = true;
 		return callback;
 	}
@@ -9508,7 +10215,7 @@ jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "json jsonp", function( s, originalSettings, jqXHR ) {
 	if ( jsonProp || s.dataTypes[ 0 ] === "jsonp" ) {
 
 		// Get callback name, remembering preexisting value associated with it
-		callbackName = s.jsonpCallback = jQuery.isFunction( s.jsonpCallback ) ?
+		callbackName = s.jsonpCallback = isFunction( s.jsonpCallback ) ?
 			s.jsonpCallback() :
 			s.jsonpCallback;
 
@@ -9559,7 +10266,7 @@ jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "json jsonp", function( s, originalSettings, jqXHR ) {
 			}
 
 			// Call if it was a function and we have a response
-			if ( responseContainer && jQuery.isFunction( overwritten ) ) {
+			if ( responseContainer && isFunction( overwritten ) ) {
 				overwritten( responseContainer[ 0 ] );
 			}
 
@@ -9646,12 +10353,12 @@ jQuery.fn.load = function( url, params, callback ) {
 		off = url.indexOf( " " );
 
 	if ( off > -1 ) {
-		selector = jQuery.trim( url.slice( off ) );
+		selector = stripAndCollapse( url.slice( off ) );
 		url = url.slice( 0, off );
 	}
 
 	// If it's a function
-	if ( jQuery.isFunction( params ) ) {
+	if ( isFunction( params ) ) {
 
 		// We assume that it's the callback
 		callback = params;
@@ -9703,23 +10410,6 @@ jQuery.fn.load = function( url, params, callback ) {
 
 
 
-// Attach a bunch of functions for handling common AJAX events
-jQuery.each( [
-	"ajaxStart",
-	"ajaxStop",
-	"ajaxComplete",
-	"ajaxError",
-	"ajaxSuccess",
-	"ajaxSend"
-], function( i, type ) {
-	jQuery.fn[ type ] = function( fn ) {
-		return this.on( type, fn );
-	};
-} );
-
-
-
-
 jQuery.expr.pseudos.animated = function( elem ) {
 	return jQuery.grep( jQuery.timers, function( fn ) {
 		return elem === fn.elem;
@@ -9729,13 +10419,6 @@ jQuery.expr.pseudos.animated = function( elem ) {
 
 
 
-/**
- * Gets a window from an element
- */
-function getWindow( elem ) {
-	return jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ? elem : elem.nodeType === 9 && elem.defaultView;
-}
-
 jQuery.offset = {
 	setOffset: function( elem, options, i ) {
 		var curPosition, curLeft, curCSSTop, curTop, curOffset, curCSSLeft, calculatePosition,
@@ -9766,7 +10449,7 @@ jQuery.offset = {
 			curLeft = parseFloat( curCSSLeft ) || 0;
 		}
 
-		if ( jQuery.isFunction( options ) ) {
+		if ( isFunction( options ) ) {
 
 			// Use jQuery.extend here to allow modification of coordinates argument (gh-1848)
 			options = options.call( elem, i, jQuery.extend( {}, curOffset ) );
@@ -9783,12 +10466,20 @@ jQuery.offset = {
 			options.using.call( elem, props );
 
 		} else {
+			if ( typeof props.top === "number" ) {
+				props.top += "px";
+			}
+			if ( typeof props.left === "number" ) {
+				props.left += "px";
+			}
 			curElem.css( props );
 		}
 	}
 };
 
 jQuery.fn.extend( {
+
+	// offset() relates an element's border box to the document origin
 	offset: function( options ) {
 
 		// Preserve chaining for setter
@@ -9800,13 +10491,14 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 				} );
 		}
 
-		var docElem, win, rect, doc,
+		var rect, win,
 			elem = this[ 0 ];
 
 		if ( !elem ) {
 			return;
 		}
 
+		// Return zeros for disconnected and hidden (display: none) elements (gh-2310)
 		// Support: IE <=11 only
 		// Running getBoundingClientRect on a
 		// disconnected node in IE throws an error
@@ -9814,56 +10506,52 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 			return { top: 0, left: 0 };
 		}
 
+		// Get document-relative position by adding viewport scroll to viewport-relative gBCR
 		rect = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
-
-		// Make sure element is not hidden (display: none)
-		if ( rect.width || rect.height ) {
-			doc = elem.ownerDocument;
-			win = getWindow( doc );
-			docElem = doc.documentElement;
-
-			return {
-				top: rect.top + win.pageYOffset - docElem.clientTop,
-				left: rect.left + win.pageXOffset - docElem.clientLeft
-			};
-		}
-
-		// Return zeros for disconnected and hidden elements (gh-2310)
-		return rect;
+		win = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView;
+		return {
+			top: rect.top + win.pageYOffset,
+			left: rect.left + win.pageXOffset
+		};
 	},
 
+	// position() relates an element's margin box to its offset parent's padding box
+	// This corresponds to the behavior of CSS absolute positioning
 	position: function() {
 		if ( !this[ 0 ] ) {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		var offsetParent, offset,
+		var offsetParent, offset, doc,
 			elem = this[ 0 ],
 			parentOffset = { top: 0, left: 0 };
 
-		// Fixed elements are offset from window (parentOffset = {top:0, left: 0},
-		// because it is its only offset parent
+		// position:fixed elements are offset from the viewport, which itself always has zero offset
 		if ( jQuery.css( elem, "position" ) === "fixed" ) {
 
-			// Assume getBoundingClientRect is there when computed position is fixed
+			// Assume position:fixed implies availability of getBoundingClientRect
 			offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
 
 		} else {
+			offset = this.offset();
 
-			// Get *real* offsetParent
-			offsetParent = this.offsetParent();
+			// Account for the *real* offset parent, which can be the document or its root element
+			// when a statically positioned element is identified
+			doc = elem.ownerDocument;
+			offsetParent = elem.offsetParent || doc.documentElement;
+			while ( offsetParent &&
+				( offsetParent === doc.body || offsetParent === doc.documentElement ) &&
+				jQuery.css( offsetParent, "position" ) === "static" ) {
 
-			// Get correct offsets
-			offset = this.offset();
-			if ( !jQuery.nodeName( offsetParent[ 0 ], "html" ) ) {
-				parentOffset = offsetParent.offset();
+				offsetParent = offsetParent.parentNode;
 			}
+			if ( offsetParent && offsetParent !== elem && offsetParent.nodeType === 1 ) {
 
-			// Add offsetParent borders
-			parentOffset = {
-				top: parentOffset.top + jQuery.css( offsetParent[ 0 ], "borderTopWidth", true ),
-				left: parentOffset.left + jQuery.css( offsetParent[ 0 ], "borderLeftWidth", true )
-			};
+				// Incorporate borders into its offset, since they are outside its content origin
+				parentOffset = jQuery( offsetParent ).offset();
+				parentOffset.top += jQuery.css( offsetParent, "borderTopWidth", true );
+				parentOffset.left += jQuery.css( offsetParent, "borderLeftWidth", true );
+			}
 		}
 
 		// Subtract parent offsets and element margins
@@ -9902,7 +10590,14 @@ jQuery.each( { scrollLeft: "pageXOffset", scrollTop: "pageYOffset" }, function(
 
 	jQuery.fn[ method ] = function( val ) {
 		return access( this, function( elem, method, val ) {
-			var win = getWindow( elem );
+
+			// Coalesce documents and windows
+			var win;
+			if ( isWindow( elem ) ) {
+				win = elem;
+			} else if ( elem.nodeType === 9 ) {
+				win = elem.defaultView;
+			}
 
 			if ( val === undefined ) {
 				return win ? win[ prop ] : elem[ method ];
@@ -9927,7 +10622,7 @@ jQuery.each( { scrollLeft: "pageXOffset", scrollTop: "pageYOffset" }, function(
 // Blink bug: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=589347
 // getComputedStyle returns percent when specified for top/left/bottom/right;
 // rather than make the css module depend on the offset module, just check for it here
-jQuery.each( [ "top", "left" ], function( i, prop ) {
+jQuery.each( [ "top", "left" ], function( _i, prop ) {
 	jQuery.cssHooks[ prop ] = addGetHookIf( support.pixelPosition,
 		function( elem, computed ) {
 			if ( computed ) {
@@ -9956,7 +10651,7 @@ jQuery.each( { Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function( name, type ) {
 			return access( this, function( elem, type, value ) {
 				var doc;
 
-				if ( jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {
+				if ( isWindow( elem ) ) {
 
 					// $( window ).outerWidth/Height return w/h including scrollbars (gh-1729)
 					return funcName.indexOf( "outer" ) === 0 ?
@@ -9990,6 +10685,22 @@ jQuery.each( { Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function( name, type ) {
 } );
 
 
+jQuery.each( [
+	"ajaxStart",
+	"ajaxStop",
+	"ajaxComplete",
+	"ajaxError",
+	"ajaxSuccess",
+	"ajaxSend"
+], function( _i, type ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ type ] = function( fn ) {
+		return this.on( type, fn );
+	};
+} );
+
+
+
+
 jQuery.fn.extend( {
 
 	bind: function( types, data, fn ) {
@@ -10008,11 +10719,100 @@ jQuery.fn.extend( {
 		return arguments.length === 1 ?
 			this.off( selector, "**" ) :
 			this.off( types, selector || "**", fn );
-	}
-} );
+	},
+
+	hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) {
+		return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.each( ( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " +
+	"mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " +
+	"change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu" ).split( " " ),
+	function( _i, name ) {
+
+		// Handle event binding
+		jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) {
+			return arguments.length > 0 ?
+				this.on( name, null, data, fn ) :
+				this.trigger( name );
+		};
+	} );
+
+
+
 
+// Support: Android <=4.0 only
+// Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP
+var rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g;
+
+// Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any
+// arguments.
+// jQuery.proxy is deprecated to promote standards (specifically Function#bind)
+// However, it is not slated for removal any time soon
+jQuery.proxy = function( fn, context ) {
+	var tmp, args, proxy;
+
+	if ( typeof context === "string" ) {
+		tmp = fn[ context ];
+		context = fn;
+		fn = tmp;
+	}
+
+	// Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec
+	// this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined.
+	if ( !isFunction( fn ) ) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	// Simulated bind
+	args = slice.call( arguments, 2 );
+	proxy = function() {
+		return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) );
+	};
+
+	// Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed
+	proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++;
+
+	return proxy;
+};
+
+jQuery.holdReady = function( hold ) {
+	if ( hold ) {
+		jQuery.readyWait++;
+	} else {
+		jQuery.ready( true );
+	}
+};
+jQuery.isArray = Array.isArray;
 jQuery.parseJSON = JSON.parse;
+jQuery.nodeName = nodeName;
+jQuery.isFunction = isFunction;
+jQuery.isWindow = isWindow;
+jQuery.camelCase = camelCase;
+jQuery.type = toType;
+
+jQuery.now = Date.now;
+
+jQuery.isNumeric = function( obj ) {
+
+	// As of jQuery 3.0, isNumeric is limited to
+	// strings and numbers (primitives or objects)
+	// that can be coerced to finite numbers (gh-2662)
+	var type = jQuery.type( obj );
+	return ( type === "number" || type === "string" ) &&
+
+		// parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives ("")
+		// ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...")
+		// subtraction forces infinities to NaN
+		!isNaN( obj - parseFloat( obj ) );
+};
 
+jQuery.trim = function( text ) {
+	return text == null ?
+		"" :
+		( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" );
+};
 
 
 
@@ -10038,7 +10838,6 @@ if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd ) {
 
 
 
-
 var
 
 	// Map over jQuery in case of overwrite
@@ -10062,27 +10861,88 @@ jQuery.noConflict = function( deep ) {
 // Expose jQuery and $ identifiers, even in AMD
 // (#7102#comment:10, https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/557)
 // and CommonJS for browser emulators (#13566)
-if ( !noGlobal ) {
+if ( typeof noGlobal === "undefined" ) {
 	window.jQuery = window.$ = jQuery;
 }
 
 
+
+
 return jQuery;
 } );
 
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
-(function(window){
-  var _jQuery = window.jQuery.noConflict(true);
+(function(window) {'use strict';
+/* exported
+  minErrConfig,
+  errorHandlingConfig,
+  isValidObjectMaxDepth
+*/
+
+var minErrConfig = {
+  objectMaxDepth: 5,
+  urlErrorParamsEnabled: true
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.errorHandlingConfig
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Configure several aspects of error handling in AngularJS if used as a setter or return the
+ * current configuration if used as a getter. The following options are supported:
+ *
+ * - **objectMaxDepth**: The maximum depth to which objects are traversed when stringified for error messages.
+ *
+ * Omitted or undefined options will leave the corresponding configuration values unchanged.
+ *
+ * @param {Object=} config - The configuration object. May only contain the options that need to be
+ *     updated. Supported keys:
+ *
+ * * `objectMaxDepth`  **{Number}** - The max depth for stringifying objects. Setting to a
+ *   non-positive or non-numeric value, removes the max depth limit.
+ *   Default: 5
+ *
+ * * `urlErrorParamsEnabled`  **{Boolean}** - Specifies whether the generated error url will
+ *   contain the parameters of the thrown error. Disabling the parameters can be useful if the
+ *   generated error url is very long.
+ *
+ *   Default: true. When used without argument, it returns the current value.
+ */
+function errorHandlingConfig(config) {
+  if (isObject(config)) {
+    if (isDefined(config.objectMaxDepth)) {
+      minErrConfig.objectMaxDepth = isValidObjectMaxDepth(config.objectMaxDepth) ? config.objectMaxDepth : NaN;
+    }
+    if (isDefined(config.urlErrorParamsEnabled) && isBoolean(config.urlErrorParamsEnabled)) {
+      minErrConfig.urlErrorParamsEnabled = config.urlErrorParamsEnabled;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return minErrConfig;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {Number} maxDepth
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth) {
+  return isNumber(maxDepth) && maxDepth > 0;
+}
+
 
 /**
  * @description
  *
  * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
- * Angular. It can be called as follows:
+ * AngularJS. It can be called as follows:
  *
  * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
  * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
@@ -10099,7 +10959,7 @@ return jQuery;
  * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
  * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
  * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
- * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
+ * using minErr('namespace'). Error codes, namespaces and template strings
  * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
  *
  * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
@@ -10110,131 +10970,148 @@ return jQuery;
 
 function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
   ErrorConstructor = ErrorConstructor || Error;
-  return function() {
-    var SKIP_INDEXES = 2;
 
-    var templateArgs = arguments,
-      code = templateArgs[0],
+  var url = 'https://errors.angularjs.org/"1.8.2"/';
+  var regex = url.replace('.', '\\.') + '[\\s\\S]*';
+  var errRegExp = new RegExp(regex, 'g');
+
+  return function() {
+    var code = arguments[0],
+      template = arguments[1],
       message = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
-      template = templateArgs[1],
+      templateArgs = sliceArgs(arguments, 2).map(function(arg) {
+        return toDebugString(arg, minErrConfig.objectMaxDepth);
+      }),
       paramPrefix, i;
 
+    // A minErr message has two parts: the message itself and the url that contains the
+    // encoded message.
+    // The message's parameters can contain other error messages which also include error urls.
+    // To prevent the messages from getting too long, we strip the error urls from the parameters.
+
     message += template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function(match) {
-      var index = +match.slice(1, -1),
-        shiftedIndex = index + SKIP_INDEXES;
+      var index = +match.slice(1, -1);
 
-      if (shiftedIndex < templateArgs.length) {
-        return toDebugString(templateArgs[shiftedIndex]);
+      if (index < templateArgs.length) {
+        return templateArgs[index].replace(errRegExp, '');
       }
 
       return match;
     });
 
-    message += '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.5.8/' +
-      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
+    message += '\n' + url + (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
 
-    for (i = SKIP_INDEXES, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
-      message += paramPrefix + 'p' + (i - SKIP_INDEXES) + '=' +
-        encodeURIComponent(toDebugString(templateArgs[i]));
+    if (minErrConfig.urlErrorParamsEnabled) {
+      for (i = 0, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
+        message += paramPrefix + 'p' + i + '=' + encodeURIComponent(templateArgs[i]);
+      }
     }
 
     return new ErrorConstructor(message);
   };
 }
 
-/* We need to tell jshint what variables are being exported */
-/* global angular: true,
-  msie: true,
-  jqLite: true,
-  jQuery: true,
-  slice: true,
-  splice: true,
-  push: true,
-  toString: true,
-  ngMinErr: true,
-  angularModule: true,
-  uid: true,
-  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP: true,
-  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY: true,
-
-  lowercase: true,
-  uppercase: true,
-  manualLowercase: true,
-  manualUppercase: true,
-  nodeName_: true,
-  isArrayLike: true,
-  forEach: true,
-  forEachSorted: true,
-  reverseParams: true,
-  nextUid: true,
-  setHashKey: true,
-  extend: true,
-  toInt: true,
-  inherit: true,
-  merge: true,
-  noop: true,
-  identity: true,
-  valueFn: true,
-  isUndefined: true,
-  isDefined: true,
-  isObject: true,
-  isBlankObject: true,
-  isString: true,
-  isNumber: true,
-  isDate: true,
-  isArray: true,
-  isFunction: true,
-  isRegExp: true,
-  isWindow: true,
-  isScope: true,
-  isFile: true,
-  isFormData: true,
-  isBlob: true,
-  isBoolean: true,
-  isPromiseLike: true,
-  trim: true,
-  escapeForRegexp: true,
-  isElement: true,
-  makeMap: true,
-  includes: true,
-  arrayRemove: true,
-  copy: true,
-  equals: true,
-  csp: true,
-  jq: true,
-  concat: true,
-  sliceArgs: true,
-  bind: true,
-  toJsonReplacer: true,
-  toJson: true,
-  fromJson: true,
-  convertTimezoneToLocal: true,
-  timezoneToOffset: true,
-  startingTag: true,
-  tryDecodeURIComponent: true,
-  parseKeyValue: true,
-  toKeyValue: true,
-  encodeUriSegment: true,
-  encodeUriQuery: true,
-  angularInit: true,
-  bootstrap: true,
-  getTestability: true,
-  snake_case: true,
-  bindJQuery: true,
-  assertArg: true,
-  assertArgFn: true,
-  assertNotHasOwnProperty: true,
-  getter: true,
-  getBlockNodes: true,
-  hasOwnProperty: true,
-  createMap: true,
-
-  NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_TEXT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT: true,
+/* We need to tell ESLint what variables are being exported */
+/* exported
+  angular,
+  msie,
+  jqLite,
+  jQuery,
+  slice,
+  splice,
+  push,
+  toString,
+  minErrConfig,
+  errorHandlingConfig,
+  isValidObjectMaxDepth,
+  ngMinErr,
+  angularModule,
+  uid,
+  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP,
+  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY,
+
+  lowercase,
+  uppercase,
+  nodeName_,
+  isArrayLike,
+  forEach,
+  forEachSorted,
+  reverseParams,
+  nextUid,
+  setHashKey,
+  extend,
+  toInt,
+  inherit,
+  merge,
+  noop,
+  identity,
+  valueFn,
+  isUndefined,
+  isDefined,
+  isObject,
+  isBlankObject,
+  isString,
+  isNumber,
+  isNumberNaN,
+  isDate,
+  isError,
+  isArray,
+  isFunction,
+  isRegExp,
+  isWindow,
+  isScope,
+  isFile,
+  isFormData,
+  isBlob,
+  isBoolean,
+  isPromiseLike,
+  trim,
+  escapeForRegexp,
+  isElement,
+  makeMap,
+  includes,
+  arrayRemove,
+  copy,
+  simpleCompare,
+  equals,
+  csp,
+  jq,
+  concat,
+  sliceArgs,
+  bind,
+  toJsonReplacer,
+  toJson,
+  fromJson,
+  convertTimezoneToLocal,
+  timezoneToOffset,
+  addDateMinutes,
+  startingTag,
+  tryDecodeURIComponent,
+  parseKeyValue,
+  toKeyValue,
+  encodeUriSegment,
+  encodeUriQuery,
+  angularInit,
+  bootstrap,
+  getTestability,
+  snake_case,
+  bindJQuery,
+  assertArg,
+  assertArgFn,
+  assertNotHasOwnProperty,
+  getter,
+  getBlockNodes,
+  hasOwnProperty,
+  createMap,
+  stringify,
+  UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement,
+
+  NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE,
+  NODE_TYPE_TEXT,
+  NODE_TYPE_COMMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT
 */
 
 ////////////////////////////////////
@@ -10246,13 +11123,11 @@ function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
  * @installation
  * @description
  *
- * # ng (core module)
  * The ng module is loaded by default when an AngularJS application is started. The module itself
  * contains the essential components for an AngularJS application to function. The table below
  * lists a high level breakdown of each of the services/factories, filters, directives and testing
  * components available within this core module.
  *
- * <div doc-module-components="ng"></div>
  */
 
 var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;
@@ -10261,33 +11136,26 @@ var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;
 // This is used so that it's possible for internal tests to create mock ValidityStates.
 var VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY = 'validity';
 
+
 var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
 
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
+ * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
+ */
 var lowercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
-var uppercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
-
-
-var manualLowercase = function(s) {
-  /* jshint bitwise: false */
-  return isString(s)
-      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
-      : s;
-};
-var manualUppercase = function(s) {
-  /* jshint bitwise: false */
-  return isString(s)
-      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
-      : s;
-};
-
 
-// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
-// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
-// with correct but slower alternatives. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/11387
-if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
-  lowercase = manualLowercase;
-  uppercase = manualUppercase;
-}
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
+ * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
+ */
+var uppercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
 
 
 var
@@ -10306,6 +11174,7 @@ var
     angularModule,
     uid               = 0;
 
+// Support: IE 9-11 only
 /**
  * documentMode is an IE-only property
  * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/cc196988(v=vs.85).aspx
@@ -10332,12 +11201,11 @@ function isArrayLike(obj) {
 
   // Support: iOS 8.2 (not reproducible in simulator)
   // "length" in obj used to prevent JIT error (gh-11508)
-  var length = "length" in Object(obj) && obj.length;
+  var length = 'length' in Object(obj) && obj.length;
 
   // NodeList objects (with `item` method) and
   // other objects with suitable length characteristics are array-like
-  return isNumber(length) &&
-    (length >= 0 && ((length - 1) in obj || obj instanceof Array) || typeof obj.item == 'function');
+  return isNumber(length) && (length >= 0 && (length - 1) in obj || typeof obj.item === 'function');
 
 }
 
@@ -10381,9 +11249,7 @@ function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
   if (obj) {
     if (isFunction(obj)) {
       for (key in obj) {
-        // Need to check if hasOwnProperty exists,
-        // as on IE8 the result of querySelectorAll is an object without a hasOwnProperty function
-        if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && (!obj.hasOwnProperty || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))) {
+        if (key !== 'prototype' && key !== 'length' && key !== 'name' && obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
           iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
         }
       }
@@ -10488,8 +11354,10 @@ function baseExtend(dst, objs, deep) {
         } else if (isElement(src)) {
           dst[key] = src.clone();
         } else {
-          if (!isObject(dst[key])) dst[key] = isArray(src) ? [] : {};
-          baseExtend(dst[key], [src], true);
+          if (key !== '__proto__') {
+            if (!isObject(dst[key])) dst[key] = isArray(src) ? [] : {};
+            baseExtend(dst[key], [src], true);
+          }
         }
       } else {
         dst[key] = src;
@@ -10538,6 +11406,22 @@ function extend(dst) {
 * Unlike {@link angular.extend extend()}, `merge()` recursively descends into object properties of source
 * objects, performing a deep copy.
 *
+* @deprecated
+* sinceVersion="1.6.5"
+* This function is deprecated, but will not be removed in the 1.x lifecycle.
+* There are edge cases (see {@link angular.merge#known-issues known issues}) that are not
+* supported by this function. We suggest using another, similar library for all-purpose merging,
+* such as [lodash's merge()](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.4#merge).
+*
+* @knownIssue
+* This is a list of (known) object types that are not handled correctly by this function:
+* - [`Blob`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Blob)
+* - [`MediaStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/MediaStream)
+* - [`CanvasGradient`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/CanvasGradient)
+* - AngularJS {@link $rootScope.Scope scopes};
+*
+* `angular.merge` also does not support merging objects with circular references.
+*
 * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
 * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
 * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
@@ -10552,6 +11436,11 @@ function toInt(str) {
   return parseInt(str, 10);
 }
 
+var isNumberNaN = Number.isNaN || function isNumberNaN(num) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+  return num !== num;
+};
+
 
 function inherit(parent, extra) {
   return extend(Object.create(parent), extra);
@@ -10740,7 +11629,27 @@ function isDate(value) {
  * @param {*} value Reference to check.
  * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
  */
-var isArray = Array.isArray;
+function isArray(arr) {
+  return Array.isArray(arr) || arr instanceof Array;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Error`.
+ * Loosely based on https://www.npmjs.com/package/iserror
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Error`.
+ */
+function isError(value) {
+  var tag = toString.call(value);
+  switch (tag) {
+    case '[object Error]': return true;
+    case '[object Exception]': return true;
+    case '[object DOMException]': return true;
+    default: return value instanceof Error;
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc function
@@ -10811,7 +11720,7 @@ function isPromiseLike(obj) {
 }
 
 
-var TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP = /^\[object (?:Uint8|Uint8Clamped|Uint16|Uint32|Int8|Int16|Int32|Float32|Float64)Array\]$/;
+var TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP = /^\[object (?:Uint8|Uint8Clamped|Uint16|Uint32|Int8|Int16|Int32|Float32|Float64)Array]$/;
 function isTypedArray(value) {
   return value && isNumber(value.length) && TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP.test(toString.call(value));
 }
@@ -10829,8 +11738,10 @@ var trim = function(value) {
 // http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/local_closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line1021
 // Prereq: s is a string.
 var escapeForRegexp = function(s) {
-  return s.replace(/([-()\[\]{}+?*.$\^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1').
-           replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
+  return s
+    .replace(/([-()[\]{}+?*.$^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1')
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
+    .replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
 };
 
 
@@ -10870,7 +11781,7 @@ function nodeName_(element) {
 }
 
 function includes(array, obj) {
-  return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, obj) != -1;
+  return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, obj) !== -1;
 }
 
 function arrayRemove(array, value) {
@@ -10888,7 +11799,9 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
+ * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array. This functions is used
+ * internally, mostly in the change-detection code. It is not intended as an all-purpose copy
+ * function, and has several limitations (see below).
  *
  * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
  * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for arrays) or properties (for objects)
@@ -10897,19 +11810,39 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  * * If `source` is identical to `destination` an exception will be thrown.
  *
  * <br />
+ *
  * <div class="alert alert-warning">
  *   Only enumerable properties are taken into account. Non-enumerable properties (both on `source`
  *   and on `destination`) will be ignored.
  * </div>
  *
- * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
- *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
- * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
- *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   `angular.copy` does not check if destination and source are of the same type. It's the
+ *   developer's responsibility to make sure they are compatible.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * This is a non-exhaustive list of object types / features that are not handled correctly by
+ * `angular.copy`. Note that since this functions is used by the change detection code, this
+ * means binding or watching objects of these types (or that include these types) might not work
+ * correctly.
+ * - [`File`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/File)
+ * - [`Map`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map)
+ * - [`ImageData`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/ImageData)
+ * - [`MediaStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/MediaStream)
+ * - [`Set`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set)
+ * - [`WeakMap`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakMap)
+ * - [`getter`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get)/
+ *   [`setter`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set)
+ *
+ * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy. Can be any type, including
+ *     primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
+ * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If provided,
+ *     must be of the same type as `source`.
  * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
  *
  * @example
-  <example module="copyExample">
+  <example module="copyExample" name="angular-copy">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <form novalidate class="simple-form">
@@ -10921,7 +11854,7 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
           <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
         </form>
         <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
-        <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
+        <pre>leader = {{leader | json}}</pre>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
@@ -10929,16 +11862,16 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
       angular.
         module('copyExample', []).
         controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.master = {};
+          $scope.leader = {};
 
           $scope.reset = function() {
             // Example with 1 argument
-            $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.master);
+            $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.leader);
           };
 
           $scope.update = function(user) {
             // Example with 2 arguments
-            angular.copy(user, $scope.master);
+            angular.copy(user, $scope.leader);
           };
 
           $scope.reset();
@@ -10946,16 +11879,17 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
     </file>
   </example>
  */
-function copy(source, destination) {
+function copy(source, destination, maxDepth) {
   var stackSource = [];
   var stackDest = [];
+  maxDepth = isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth) ? maxDepth : NaN;
 
   if (destination) {
     if (isTypedArray(destination) || isArrayBuffer(destination)) {
-      throw ngMinErr('cpta', "Can't copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.");
+      throw ngMinErr('cpta', 'Can\'t copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.');
     }
     if (source === destination) {
-      throw ngMinErr('cpi', "Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");
+      throw ngMinErr('cpi', 'Can\'t copy! Source and destination are identical.');
     }
 
     // Empty the destination object
@@ -10971,35 +11905,39 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 
     stackSource.push(source);
     stackDest.push(destination);
-    return copyRecurse(source, destination);
+    return copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth);
   }
 
-  return copyElement(source);
+  return copyElement(source, maxDepth);
 
-  function copyRecurse(source, destination) {
+  function copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth) {
+    maxDepth--;
+    if (maxDepth < 0) {
+      return '...';
+    }
     var h = destination.$$hashKey;
     var key;
     if (isArray(source)) {
       for (var i = 0, ii = source.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        destination.push(copyElement(source[i]));
+        destination.push(copyElement(source[i], maxDepth));
       }
     } else if (isBlankObject(source)) {
       // createMap() fast path --- Safe to avoid hasOwnProperty check because prototype chain is empty
       for (key in source) {
-        destination[key] = copyElement(source[key]);
+        destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
       }
     } else if (source && typeof source.hasOwnProperty === 'function') {
       // Slow path, which must rely on hasOwnProperty
       for (key in source) {
         if (source.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key]);
+          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
         }
       }
     } else {
       // Slowest path --- hasOwnProperty can't be called as a method
       for (key in source) {
         if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
-          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key]);
+          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -11007,7 +11945,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
     return destination;
   }
 
-  function copyElement(source) {
+  function copyElement(source, maxDepth) {
     // Simple values
     if (!isObject(source)) {
       return source;
@@ -11021,7 +11959,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 
     if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
       throw ngMinErr('cpws',
-        "Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
+        'Can\'t copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.');
     }
 
     var needsRecurse = false;
@@ -11036,7 +11974,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
     stackDest.push(destination);
 
     return needsRecurse
-      ? copyRecurse(source, destination)
+      ? copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth)
       : destination;
   }
 
@@ -11054,10 +11992,13 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
         return new source.constructor(copyElement(source.buffer), source.byteOffset, source.length);
 
       case '[object ArrayBuffer]':
-        //Support: IE10
+        // Support: IE10
         if (!source.slice) {
+          // If we're in this case we know the environment supports ArrayBuffer
+          /* eslint-disable no-undef */
           var copied = new ArrayBuffer(source.byteLength);
           new Uint8Array(copied).set(new Uint8Array(source));
+          /* eslint-enable */
           return copied;
         }
         return source.slice(0);
@@ -11069,7 +12010,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
         return new source.constructor(source.valueOf());
 
       case '[object RegExp]':
-        var re = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^\/]*$/)[0]);
+        var re = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^/]*$/)[0]);
         re.lastIndex = source.lastIndex;
         return re;
 
@@ -11084,6 +12025,10 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 }
 
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+function simpleCompare(a, b) { return a === b || (a !== a && b !== b); }
+
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc function
  * @name angular.equals
@@ -11140,7 +12085,6 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
         angular.module('equalsExample', []).controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
           $scope.user1 = {};
           $scope.user2 = {};
-          $scope.result;
           $scope.compare = function() {
             $scope.result = angular.equals($scope.user1, $scope.user2);
           };
@@ -11151,12 +12095,13 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 function equals(o1, o2) {
   if (o1 === o2) return true;
   if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
   if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
   var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
-  if (t1 == t2 && t1 == 'object') {
+  if (t1 === t2 && t1 === 'object') {
     if (isArray(o1)) {
       if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
-      if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
+      if ((length = o1.length) === o2.length) {
         for (key = 0; key < length; key++) {
           if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
         }
@@ -11164,10 +12109,10 @@ function equals(o1, o2) {
       }
     } else if (isDate(o1)) {
       if (!isDate(o2)) return false;
-      return equals(o1.getTime(), o2.getTime());
+      return simpleCompare(o1.getTime(), o2.getTime());
     } else if (isRegExp(o1)) {
       if (!isRegExp(o2)) return false;
-      return o1.toString() == o2.toString();
+      return o1.toString() === o2.toString();
     } else {
       if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) ||
         isArray(o2) || isDate(o2) || isRegExp(o2)) return false;
@@ -11215,9 +12160,8 @@ var csp = function() {
 
   function noUnsafeEval() {
     try {
-      /* jshint -W031, -W054 */
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new, no-new-func
       new Function('');
-      /* jshint +W031, +W054 */
       return false;
     } catch (e) {
       return true;
@@ -11238,7 +12182,7 @@ var csp = function() {
  * used to force either jqLite by leaving ng-jq blank or setting the name of
  * the jquery variable under window (eg. jQuery).
  *
- * Since angular looks for this directive when it is loaded (doesn't wait for the
+ * Since AngularJS looks for this directive when it is loaded (doesn't wait for the
  * DOMContentLoaded event), it must be placed on an element that comes before the script
  * which loads angular. Also, only the first instance of `ng-jq` will be used and all
  * others ignored.
@@ -11269,7 +12213,8 @@ var jq = function() {
   var i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length, prefix, name;
   for (i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
     prefix = ngAttrPrefixes[i];
-    if (el = window.document.querySelector('[' + prefix.replace(':', '\\:') + 'jq]')) {
+    el = window.document.querySelector('[' + prefix.replace(':', '\\:') + 'jq]');
+    if (el) {
       name = el.getAttribute(prefix + 'jq');
       break;
     }
@@ -11287,7 +12232,6 @@ function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
 }
 
 
-/* jshint -W101 */
 /**
  * @ngdoc function
  * @name angular.bind
@@ -11305,7 +12249,6 @@ function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
  * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
  * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
  */
-/* jshint +W101 */
 function bind(self, fn) {
   var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
   if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
@@ -11352,9 +12295,9 @@ function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
  *
  * @description
  * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $$ characters will be
- * stripped since angular uses this notation internally.
+ * stripped since AngularJS uses this notation internally.
  *
- * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
+ * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number|boolean} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
  * @param {boolean|number} [pretty=2] If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
  *    If set to an integer, the JSON output will contain that many spaces per indentation.
  * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
@@ -11410,10 +12353,11 @@ function fromJson(json) {
 
 var ALL_COLONS = /:/g;
 function timezoneToOffset(timezone, fallback) {
+  // Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 13-15+
   // IE/Edge do not "understand" colon (`:`) in timezone
   timezone = timezone.replace(ALL_COLONS, '');
   var requestedTimezoneOffset = Date.parse('Jan 01, 1970 00:00:00 ' + timezone) / 60000;
-  return isNaN(requestedTimezoneOffset) ? fallback : requestedTimezoneOffset;
+  return isNumberNaN(requestedTimezoneOffset) ? fallback : requestedTimezoneOffset;
 }
 
 
@@ -11436,18 +12380,13 @@ function convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, reverse) {
  * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
  */
 function startingTag(element) {
-  element = jqLite(element).clone();
-  try {
-    // turns out IE does not let you set .html() on elements which
-    // are not allowed to have children. So we just ignore it.
-    element.empty();
-  } catch (e) {}
-  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div>').append(element).html();
+  element = jqLite(element).clone().empty();
+  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div></div>').append(element).html();
   try {
     return element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
         elemHtml.
           match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
-          replace(/^<([\w\-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) {return '<' + lowercase(nodeName);});
+          replace(/^<([\w-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) {return '<' + lowercase(nodeName);});
   } catch (e) {
     return lowercase(elemHtml);
   }
@@ -11480,7 +12419,7 @@ function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
  */
 function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
   var obj = {};
-  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue) {
+  forEach((keyValue || '').split('&'), function(keyValue) {
     var splitPoint, key, val;
     if (keyValue) {
       key = keyValue = keyValue.replace(/\+/g,'%20');
@@ -11545,7 +12484,7 @@ function encodeUriSegment(val) {
  * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
  * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
  * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
- *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+ *    query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
  *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
  *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
  *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
@@ -11575,6 +12514,58 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
   return null;
 }
 
+function allowAutoBootstrap(document) {
+  var script = document.currentScript;
+
+  if (!script) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11 only
+    // IE does not have `document.currentScript`
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If the `currentScript` property has been clobbered just return false, since this indicates a probable attack
+  if (!(script instanceof window.HTMLScriptElement || script instanceof window.SVGScriptElement)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var attributes = script.attributes;
+  var srcs = [attributes.getNamedItem('src'), attributes.getNamedItem('href'), attributes.getNamedItem('xlink:href')];
+
+  return srcs.every(function(src) {
+    if (!src) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!src.value) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    var link = document.createElement('a');
+    link.href = src.value;
+
+    if (document.location.origin === link.origin) {
+      // Same-origin resources are always allowed, even for banned URL schemes.
+      return true;
+    }
+    // Disabled bootstrapping unless angular.js was loaded from a known scheme used on the web.
+    // This is to prevent angular.js bundled with browser extensions from being used to bypass the
+    // content security policy in web pages and other browser extensions.
+    switch (link.protocol) {
+      case 'http:':
+      case 'https:':
+      case 'ftp:':
+      case 'blob:':
+      case 'file:':
+      case 'data:':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+// Cached as it has to run during loading so that document.currentScript is available.
+var isAutoBootstrapAllowed = allowAutoBootstrap(window.document);
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngApp
@@ -11616,9 +12607,13 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
  * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
  * would not be resolved to `3`.
  *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ### Simple Usage
+ *
  * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common way to bootstrap an application.
  *
- <example module="ngAppDemo">
+ <example module="ngAppDemo" name="ng-app">
    <file name="index.html">
    <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
      I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
@@ -11632,9 +12627,13 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
    </file>
  </example>
  *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ### With `ngStrictDi`
+ *
  * Using `ngStrictDi`, you would see something like this:
  *
- <example ng-app-included="true">
+ <example ng-app-included="true" name="strict-di">
    <file name="index.html">
    <div ng-app="ngAppStrictDemo" ng-strict-di>
        <div ng-controller="GoodController1">
@@ -11683,7 +12682,7 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
      }])
      .controller('GoodController2', GoodController2);
      function GoodController2($scope) {
-       $scope.name = "World";
+       $scope.name = 'World';
      }
      GoodController2.$inject = ['$scope'];
    </file>
@@ -11733,7 +12732,12 @@ function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
     }
   });
   if (appElement) {
-    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, "strict-di") !== null;
+    if (!isAutoBootstrapAllowed) {
+      window.console.error('AngularJS: disabling automatic bootstrap. <script> protocol indicates ' +
+          'an extension, document.location.href does not match.');
+      return;
+    }
+    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, 'strict-di') !== null;
     bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : [], config);
   }
 }
@@ -11743,14 +12747,14 @@ function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
  * @name angular.bootstrap
  * @module ng
  * @description
- * Use this function to manually start up angular application.
+ * Use this function to manually start up AngularJS application.
  *
  * For more information, see the {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap guide}.
  *
- * Angular will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
+ * AngularJS will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
  * first loaded script to be bootstrapped and will report a warning to the browser console for
  * each of the subsequent scripts. This prevents strange results in applications, where otherwise
- * multiple instances of Angular try to work on the DOM.
+ * multiple instances of AngularJS try to work on the DOM.
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-warning">
  * **Note:** Protractor based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
@@ -11784,7 +12788,7 @@ function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
  * </html>
  * ```
  *
- * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of AngularJS application.
  * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
  *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
  *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
@@ -11811,7 +12815,7 @@ function bootstrap(element, modules, config) {
       // Encode angle brackets to prevent input from being sanitized to empty string #8683.
       throw ngMinErr(
           'btstrpd',
-          "App already bootstrapped with this element '{0}'",
+          'App already bootstrapped with this element \'{0}\'',
           tag.replace(/</,'&lt;').replace(/>/,'&gt;'));
     }
 
@@ -11884,9 +12888,9 @@ function reloadWithDebugInfo() {
  * @name angular.getTestability
  * @module ng
  * @description
- * Get the testability service for the instance of Angular on the given
+ * Get the testability service for the instance of AngularJS on the given
  * element.
- * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of AngularJS application.
  */
 function getTestability(rootElement) {
   var injector = angular.element(rootElement).injector();
@@ -11920,49 +12924,69 @@ function bindJQuery() {
                                  window[jqName];   // use jQuery specified by `ngJq`
 
   // Use jQuery if it exists with proper functionality, otherwise default to us.
-  // Angular 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7+ for on()/off() support.
-  // Angular 1.3+ technically requires at least jQuery 2.1+ but it may work with older
+  // AngularJS 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7+ for on()/off() support.
+  // AngularJS 1.3+ technically requires at least jQuery 2.1+ but it may work with older
   // versions. It will not work for sure with jQuery <1.7, though.
   if (jQuery && jQuery.fn.on) {
     jqLite = jQuery;
     extend(jQuery.fn, {
       scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
       isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
-      controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,
+      controller: /** @type {?} */ (JQLitePrototype).controller,
       injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
       inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
     });
-
-    // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jQuery APIs like .remove()
-    // are passed through jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
-    // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
-    originalCleanData = jQuery.cleanData;
-    jQuery.cleanData = function(elems) {
-      var events;
-      for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
-        events = jQuery._data(elem, "events");
-        if (events && events.$destroy) {
-          jQuery(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
-        }
-      }
-      originalCleanData(elems);
-    };
   } else {
     jqLite = JQLite;
   }
 
+  // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jqLite/jQuery APIs like .remove()
+  // are passed through jqLite/jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
+  // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
+  originalCleanData = jqLite.cleanData;
+  jqLite.cleanData = function(elems) {
+    var events;
+    for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+      events = (jqLite._data(elem) || {}).events;
+      if (events && events.$destroy) {
+        jqLite(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
+      }
+    }
+    originalCleanData(elems);
+  };
+
   angular.element = jqLite;
 
   // Prevent double-proxying.
   bindJQueryFired = true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Restores the pre-1.8 behavior of jqLite that turns XHTML-like strings like
+ * `<div /><span />` to `<div></div><span></span>` instead of `<div><span></span></div>`.
+ * The new behavior is a security fix. Thus, if you need to call this function, please try to adjust
+ * your code for this change and remove your use of this function as soon as possible.
+
+ * Note that this only patches jqLite. If you use jQuery 3.5.0 or newer, please read the
+ * [jQuery 3.5 upgrade guide](https://jquery.com/upgrade-guide/3.5/) for more details
+ * about the workarounds.
+ */
+function UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement() {
+  JQLite.legacyXHTMLReplacement = true;
+}
+
 /**
  * throw error if the argument is falsy.
  */
 function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
   if (!arg) {
-    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
+    throw ngMinErr('areq', 'Argument \'{0}\' is {1}', (name || '?'), (reason || 'required'));
   }
   return arg;
 }
@@ -11984,7 +13008,7 @@ function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
  */
 function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
   if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
-    throw ngMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name", context);
+    throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
   }
 }
 
@@ -12054,6 +13078,27 @@ function createMap() {
   return Object.create(null);
 }
 
+function stringify(value) {
+  if (value == null) { // null || undefined
+    return '';
+  }
+  switch (typeof value) {
+    case 'string':
+      break;
+    case 'number':
+      value = '' + value;
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (hasCustomToString(value) && !isArray(value) && !isDate(value)) {
+        value = value.toString();
+      } else {
+        value = toJson(value);
+      }
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
 var NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT = 1;
 var NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = 2;
 var NODE_TYPE_TEXT = 3;
@@ -12067,7 +13112,7 @@ var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT = 11;
  * @module ng
  * @description
  *
- * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
+ * Interface for configuring AngularJS {@link angular.module modules}.
  */
 
 function setupModuleLoader(window) {
@@ -12094,9 +13139,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
      * @module ng
      * @description
      *
-     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
+     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving AngularJS
      * modules.
-     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
+     * All modules (AngularJS core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
      * registered using this mechanism.
      *
      * Passing one argument retrieves an existing {@link angular.Module},
@@ -12140,6 +13185,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
      * @returns {angular.Module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
      */
     return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
+
+      var info = {};
+
       var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
         if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
           throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
@@ -12152,9 +13200,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
       }
       return ensure(modules, name, function() {
         if (!requires) {
-          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
-             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
-             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
+          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', 'Module \'{0}\' is not available! You either misspelled ' +
+             'the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you ' +
+             'specify the dependencies as the second argument.', name);
         }
 
         /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
@@ -12175,6 +13223,45 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
           _configBlocks: configBlocks,
           _runBlocks: runBlocks,
 
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#info
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @param {Object=} info Information about the module
+           * @returns {Object|Module} The current info object for this module if called as a getter,
+           *                          or `this` if called as a setter.
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Read and write custom information about this module.
+           * For example you could put the version of the module in here.
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * angular.module('myModule', []).info({ version: '1.0.0' });
+           * ```
+           *
+           * The version could then be read back out by accessing the module elsewhere:
+           *
+           * ```
+           * var version = angular.module('myModule').info().version;
+           * ```
+           *
+           * You can also retrieve this information during runtime via the
+           * {@link $injector#modules `$injector.modules`} property:
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * var version = $injector.modules['myModule'].info().version;
+           * ```
+           */
+          info: function(value) {
+            if (isDefined(value)) {
+              if (!isObject(value)) throw ngMinErr('aobj', 'Argument \'{0}\' must be an object', 'value');
+              info = value;
+              return this;
+            }
+            return info;
+          },
+
           /**
            * @ngdoc property
            * @name angular.Module#requires
@@ -12264,7 +13351,7 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @description
            * See {@link auto.$provide#decorator $provide.decorator()}.
            */
-          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator'),
+          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator', configBlocks),
 
           /**
            * @ngdoc method
@@ -12304,13 +13391,13 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @ngdoc method
            * @name angular.Module#filter
            * @module ng
-           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid angular expression identifier
+           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid AngularJS expression identifier
            * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
            * @description
            * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
            *
            * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
            * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
            * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
            * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
@@ -12347,7 +13434,8 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @ngdoc method
            * @name angular.Module#component
            * @module ng
-           * @param {string} name Name of the component in camel-case (i.e. myComp which will match as my-comp)
+           * @param {string|Object} name Name of the component in camelCase (i.e. `myComp` which will match `<my-comp>`),
+           *    or an object map of components where the keys are the names and the values are the component definition objects.
            * @param {Object} options Component definition object (a simplified
            *    {@link ng.$compile#directive-definition-object directive definition object})
            *
@@ -12363,7 +13451,13 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
            *    configuration.
            * @description
-           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
+           * Use this method to configure services by injecting their
+           * {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`}, e.g. for adding routes to the
+           * {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider $routeProvider}.
+           *
+           * Note that you can only inject {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`} and
+           * {@link angular.Module#constant `constants`} into this function.
+           *
            * For more about how to configure services, see
            * {@link providers#provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
            */
@@ -12410,10 +13504,11 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
          * @param {string} method
          * @returns {angular.Module}
          */
-        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method) {
+        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method, queue) {
+          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
           return function(recipeName, factoryFunction) {
             if (factoryFunction && isFunction(factoryFunction)) factoryFunction.$$moduleName = name;
-            invokeQueue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
+            queue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
             return moduleInstance;
           };
         }
@@ -12450,11 +13545,19 @@ function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
   return dst || src;
 }
 
-/* global toDebugString: true */
+/* exported toDebugString */
 
-function serializeObject(obj) {
+function serializeObject(obj, maxDepth) {
   var seen = [];
 
+  // There is no direct way to stringify object until reaching a specific depth
+  // and a very deep object can cause a performance issue, so we copy the object
+  // based on this specific depth and then stringify it.
+  if (isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth)) {
+    // This file is also included in `angular-loader`, so `copy()` might not always be available in
+    // the closure. Therefore, it is lazily retrieved as `angular.copy()` when needed.
+    obj = angular.copy(obj, null, maxDepth);
+  }
   return JSON.stringify(obj, function(key, val) {
     val = toJsonReplacer(key, val);
     if (isObject(val)) {
@@ -12467,13 +13570,13 @@ function serializeObject(obj) {
   });
 }
 
-function toDebugString(obj) {
+function toDebugString(obj, maxDepth) {
   if (typeof obj === 'function') {
     return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
   } else if (isUndefined(obj)) {
     return 'undefined';
   } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
-    return serializeObject(obj);
+    return serializeObject(obj, maxDepth);
   }
   return obj;
 }
@@ -12485,11 +13588,10 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
 
   htmlAnchorDirective,
   inputDirective,
-  inputDirective,
+  hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective,
   formDirective,
   scriptDirective,
   selectDirective,
-  styleDirective,
   optionDirective,
   ngBindDirective,
   ngBindHtmlDirective,
@@ -12507,6 +13609,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   ngInitDirective,
   ngNonBindableDirective,
   ngPluralizeDirective,
+  ngRefDirective,
   ngRepeatDirective,
   ngShowDirective,
   ngStyleDirective,
@@ -12543,12 +13646,13 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   $ControllerProvider,
   $DateProvider,
   $DocumentProvider,
+  $$IsDocumentHiddenProvider,
   $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
   $FilterProvider,
   $$ForceReflowProvider,
   $InterpolateProvider,
+  $$IntervalFactoryProvider,
   $IntervalProvider,
-  $$HashMapProvider,
   $HttpProvider,
   $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
   $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
@@ -12557,6 +13661,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   $jsonpCallbacksProvider,
   $LocationProvider,
   $LogProvider,
+  $$MapProvider,
   $ParseProvider,
   $RootScopeProvider,
   $QProvider,
@@ -12565,6 +13670,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   $SceProvider,
   $SceDelegateProvider,
   $SnifferProvider,
+  $$TaskTrackerFactoryProvider,
   $TemplateCacheProvider,
   $TemplateRequestProvider,
   $$TestabilityProvider,
@@ -12592,16 +13698,19 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
  * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
  */
 var version = {
-  full: '1.5.8',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
-  major: 1,    // package task
-  minor: 5,
-  dot: 8,
-  codeName: 'arbitrary-fallbacks'
+  // These placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's `build` task.
+  // They need to be double- or single-quoted.
+  full: '1.8.2',
+  major: '1',
+  minor: '8',
+  dot: '2',
+  codeName: 'meteoric-mining'
 };
 
 
 function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
   extend(angular, {
+    'errorHandlingConfig': errorHandlingConfig,
     'bootstrap': bootstrap,
     'copy': copy,
     'extend': extend,
@@ -12625,13 +13734,17 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
     'isArray': isArray,
     'version': version,
     'isDate': isDate,
-    'lowercase': lowercase,
-    'uppercase': uppercase,
     'callbacks': {$$counter: 0},
     'getTestability': getTestability,
+    'reloadWithDebugInfo': reloadWithDebugInfo,
+    'UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement': UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement,
     '$$minErr': minErr,
     '$$csp': csp,
-    'reloadWithDebugInfo': reloadWithDebugInfo
+    '$$encodeUriSegment': encodeUriSegment,
+    '$$encodeUriQuery': encodeUriQuery,
+    '$$lowercase': lowercase,
+    '$$stringify': stringify,
+    '$$uppercase': uppercase
   });
 
   angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
@@ -12650,7 +13763,6 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
             form: formDirective,
             script: scriptDirective,
             select: selectDirective,
-            style: styleDirective,
             option: optionDirective,
             ngBind: ngBindDirective,
             ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
@@ -12667,6 +13779,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
             ngInit: ngInitDirective,
             ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
             ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
+            ngRef: ngRefDirective,
             ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
             ngShow: ngShowDirective,
             ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
@@ -12690,7 +13803,8 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
             ngModelOptions: ngModelOptionsDirective
         }).
         directive({
-          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
+          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
+          input: hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective
         }).
         directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
         directive(ngEventDirectives);
@@ -12706,11 +13820,13 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
         $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
         $controller: $ControllerProvider,
         $document: $DocumentProvider,
+        $$isDocumentHidden: $$IsDocumentHiddenProvider,
         $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
         $filter: $FilterProvider,
         $$forceReflow: $$ForceReflowProvider,
         $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
         $interval: $IntervalProvider,
+        $$intervalFactory: $$IntervalFactoryProvider,
         $http: $HttpProvider,
         $httpParamSerializer: $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
         $httpParamSerializerJQLike: $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
@@ -12726,6 +13842,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
         $sce: $SceProvider,
         $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
         $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
+        $$taskTrackerFactory: $$TaskTrackerFactoryProvider,
         $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
         $templateRequest: $TemplateRequestProvider,
         $$testability: $$TestabilityProvider,
@@ -12733,7 +13850,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
         $window: $WindowProvider,
         $$rAF: $$RAFProvider,
         $$jqLite: $$jqLiteProvider,
-        $$HashMap: $$HashMapProvider,
+        $$Map: $$MapProvider,
         $$cookieReader: $$CookieReaderProvider
       });
     }
@@ -12751,11 +13868,10 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-/* global JQLitePrototype: true,
-  addEventListenerFn: true,
-  removeEventListenerFn: true,
+/* global
+  JQLitePrototype: true,
   BOOLEAN_ATTR: true,
-  ALIASED_ATTR: true,
+  ALIASED_ATTR: true
 */
 
 //////////////////////////////////
@@ -12773,31 +13889,32 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  *
  * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
  * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
- * delegates to Angular's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or **jqLite**.
+ * delegates to AngularJS's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or **jqLite**.
  *
  * jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
- * Angular to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. jqLite implements only the most
+ * AngularJS to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. jqLite implements only the most
  * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.
  *
  * To use `jQuery`, simply ensure it is loaded before the `angular.js` file. You can also use the
  * {@link ngJq `ngJq`} directive to specify that jqlite should be used over jQuery, or to use a
  * specific version of jQuery if multiple versions exist on the page.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">**Note:** All element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">**Note:** All element references in AngularJS are always wrapped with jQuery or
  * jqLite (such as the element argument in a directive's compile / link function). They are never raw DOM references.</div>
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-warning">**Note:** Keep in mind that this function will not find elements
  * by tag name / CSS selector. For lookups by tag name, try instead `angular.element(document).find(...)`
  * or `$document.find()`, or use the standard DOM APIs, e.g. `document.querySelectorAll()`.</div>
  *
- * ## Angular's jqLite
+ * ## AngularJS's jqLite
  * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
  *
  * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
- * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
+ * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/) - Contrary to jQuery, this doesn't clone elements
+ *   so will not work correctly when invoked on a jqLite object containing more than one DOM node
  * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/) - Does not support functions as parameters
- * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) (_deprecated_, use [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/)) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
  * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
  * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
  * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
@@ -12817,21 +13934,31 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
  * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
  * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
- * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
+ * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/) (_deprecated_, use `angular.element(callback)` instead of `angular.element(document).ready(callback)`)
  * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
- * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
+ * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/) - Does not support multiple attributes
  * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
  * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
  * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
  * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers
- * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) - Does not support namespaces or event object as parameter
+ * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) (_deprecated_, use [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/)) - Does not support namespaces or event object as parameter
  * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
  * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
  *
+ * jqLite also provides a method restoring pre-1.8 insecure treatment of XHTML-like tags.
+ * This legacy behavior turns input like `<div /><span />` to `<div></div><span></span>`
+ * instead of `<div><span></span></div>` like version 1.8 & newer do. To restore it, invoke:
+ * ```js
+ * angular.UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement();
+ * ```
+ * Note that this only patches jqLite. If you use jQuery 3.5.0 or newer, please read the
+ * [jQuery 3.5 upgrade guide](https://jquery.com/upgrade-guide/3.5/) for more details
+ * about the workarounds.
+ *
  * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
- * Angular also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
+ * AngularJS also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
  *
  * ### Events
  * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
@@ -12864,13 +13991,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
 JQLite.expando = 'ng339';
 
 var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
-    jqId = 1,
-    addEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
-      element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
-    },
-    removeEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
-      element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false);
-    };
+    jqId = 1;
 
 /*
  * !!! This is an undocumented "private" function !!!
@@ -12883,22 +14004,31 @@ JQLite._data = function(node) {
 function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }
 
 
-var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /([\:\-\_]+(.))/g;
-var MOZ_HACK_REGEXP = /^moz([A-Z])/;
-var MOUSE_EVENT_MAP= { mouseleave: "mouseout", mouseenter: "mouseover"};
+var DASH_LOWERCASE_REGEXP = /-([a-z])/g;
+var MS_HACK_REGEXP = /^-ms-/;
+var MOUSE_EVENT_MAP = { mouseleave: 'mouseout', mouseenter: 'mouseover' };
 var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');
 
 /**
- * Converts snake_case to camelCase.
- * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+ * Converts kebab-case to camelCase.
+ * There is also a special case for the ms prefix starting with a lowercase letter.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function cssKebabToCamel(name) {
+    return kebabToCamel(name.replace(MS_HACK_REGEXP, 'ms-'));
+}
+
+function fnCamelCaseReplace(all, letter) {
+  return letter.toUpperCase();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts kebab-case to camelCase.
  * @param name Name to normalize
  */
-function camelCase(name) {
-  return name.
-    replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, separator, letter, offset) {
-      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
-    }).
-    replace(MOZ_HACK_REGEXP, 'Moz$1');
+function kebabToCamel(name) {
+  return name
+    .replace(DASH_LOWERCASE_REGEXP, fnCamelCaseReplace);
 }
 
 var SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP = /^<([\w-]+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/;
@@ -12906,20 +14036,36 @@ var HTML_REGEXP = /<|&#?\w+;/;
 var TAG_NAME_REGEXP = /<([\w:-]+)/;
 var XHTML_TAG_REGEXP = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:-]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi;
 
+// Table parts need to be wrapped with `<table>` or they're
+// stripped to their contents when put in a div.
+// XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the
+// same way that tag soup parsers do, so we cannot shorten
+// this by omitting <tbody> or other required elements.
 var wrapMap = {
-  'option': [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],
-
-  'thead': [1, '<table>', '</table>'],
-  'col': [2, '<table><colgroup>', '</colgroup></table>'],
-  'tr': [2, '<table><tbody>', '</tbody></table>'],
-  'td': [3, '<table><tbody><tr>', '</tr></tbody></table>'],
-  '_default': [0, "", ""]
+  thead: ['table'],
+  col: ['colgroup', 'table'],
+  tr: ['tbody', 'table'],
+  td: ['tr', 'tbody', 'table']
 };
 
-wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
 wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
 wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
 
+// Support: IE <10 only
+// IE 9 requires an option wrapper & it needs to have the whole table structure
+// set up in advance; assigning `"<td></td>"` to `tr.innerHTML` doesn't work, etc.
+var wrapMapIE9 = {
+  option: [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],
+  _default: [0, '', '']
+};
+
+for (var key in wrapMap) {
+  var wrapMapValueClosing = wrapMap[key];
+  var wrapMapValue = wrapMapValueClosing.slice().reverse();
+  wrapMapIE9[key] = [wrapMapValue.length, '<' + wrapMapValue.join('><') + '>', '</' + wrapMapValueClosing.join('></') + '>'];
+}
+
+wrapMapIE9.optgroup = wrapMapIE9.option;
 
 function jqLiteIsTextNode(html) {
   return !HTML_REGEXP.test(html);
@@ -12939,14 +14085,8 @@ function jqLiteHasData(node) {
   return false;
 }
 
-function jqLiteCleanData(nodes) {
-  for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
-    jqLiteRemoveData(nodes[i]);
-  }
-}
-
 function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
-  var tmp, tag, wrap,
+  var tmp, tag, wrap, finalHtml,
       fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
       nodes = [], i;
 
@@ -12955,26 +14095,43 @@ function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
     nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
   } else {
     // Convert html into DOM nodes
-    tmp = fragment.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
-    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
-    wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
-    tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];
+    tmp = fragment.appendChild(context.createElement('div'));
+    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ['', ''])[1].toLowerCase();
+    finalHtml = JQLite.legacyXHTMLReplacement ?
+      html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, '<$1></$2>') :
+      html;
 
-    // Descend through wrappers to the right content
-    i = wrap[0];
-    while (i--) {
-      tmp = tmp.lastChild;
+    if (msie < 10) {
+      wrap = wrapMapIE9[tag] || wrapMapIE9._default;
+      tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + finalHtml + wrap[2];
+
+      // Descend through wrappers to the right content
+      i = wrap[0];
+      while (i--) {
+        tmp = tmp.firstChild;
+      }
+    } else {
+      wrap = wrapMap[tag] || [];
+
+      // Create wrappers & descend into them
+      i = wrap.length;
+      while (--i > -1) {
+        tmp.appendChild(window.document.createElement(wrap[i]));
+        tmp = tmp.firstChild;
+      }
+
+      tmp.innerHTML = finalHtml;
     }
 
     nodes = concat(nodes, tmp.childNodes);
 
     tmp = fragment.firstChild;
-    tmp.textContent = "";
+    tmp.textContent = '';
   }
 
   // Remove wrapper from fragment
-  fragment.textContent = "";
-  fragment.innerHTML = ""; // Clear inner HTML
+  fragment.textContent = '';
+  fragment.innerHTML = ''; // Clear inner HTML
   forEach(nodes, function(node) {
     fragment.appendChild(node);
   });
@@ -13009,10 +14166,9 @@ function jqLiteWrapNode(node, wrapper) {
 
 
 // IE9-11 has no method "contains" in SVG element and in Node.prototype. Bug #10259.
-var jqLiteContains = window.Node.prototype.contains || function(arg) {
-  // jshint bitwise: false
+var jqLiteContains = window.Node.prototype.contains || /** @this */ function(arg) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
   return !!(this.compareDocumentPosition(arg) & 16);
-  // jshint bitwise: true
 };
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -13028,7 +14184,7 @@ function JQLite(element) {
     argIsString = true;
   }
   if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
-    if (argIsString && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
+    if (argIsString && element.charAt(0) !== '<') {
       throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
     }
     return new JQLite(element);
@@ -13036,6 +14192,8 @@ function JQLite(element) {
 
   if (argIsString) {
     jqLiteAddNodes(this, jqLiteParseHTML(element));
+  } else if (isFunction(element)) {
+    jqLiteReady(element);
   } else {
     jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
   }
@@ -13046,13 +14204,32 @@ function jqLiteClone(element) {
 }
 
 function jqLiteDealoc(element, onlyDescendants) {
-  if (!onlyDescendants) jqLiteRemoveData(element);
+  if (!onlyDescendants && jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) jqLite.cleanData([element]);
 
   if (element.querySelectorAll) {
-    var descendants = element.querySelectorAll('*');
-    for (var i = 0, l = descendants.length; i < l; i++) {
-      jqLiteRemoveData(descendants[i]);
-    }
+    jqLite.cleanData(element.querySelectorAll('*'));
+  }
+}
+
+function isEmptyObject(obj) {
+  var name;
+
+  for (name in obj) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+function removeIfEmptyData(element) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339;
+  var expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+  var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
+
+  if ((!data || isEmptyObject(data)) && (!events || isEmptyObject(events))) {
+    delete jqCache[expandoId];
+    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
   }
 }
 
@@ -13068,7 +14245,7 @@ function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
   if (!type) {
     for (type in events) {
       if (type !== '$destroy') {
-        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+        element.removeEventListener(type, handle);
       }
       delete events[type];
     }
@@ -13080,7 +14257,7 @@ function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
         arrayRemove(listenerFns || [], fn);
       }
       if (!(isDefined(fn) && listenerFns && listenerFns.length > 0)) {
-        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+        element.removeEventListener(type, handle);
         delete events[type];
       }
     };
@@ -13092,6 +14269,8 @@ function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
       }
     });
   }
+
+  removeIfEmptyData(element);
 }
 
 function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
@@ -13101,17 +14280,11 @@ function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
   if (expandoStore) {
     if (name) {
       delete expandoStore.data[name];
-      return;
+    } else {
+      expandoStore.data = {};
     }
 
-    if (expandoStore.handle) {
-      if (expandoStore.events.$destroy) {
-        expandoStore.handle({}, '$destroy');
-      }
-      jqLiteOff(element);
-    }
-    delete jqCache[expandoId];
-    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
+    removeIfEmptyData(element);
   }
 }
 
@@ -13131,6 +14304,7 @@ function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, createIfNecessary) {
 
 function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
   if (jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+    var prop;
 
     var isSimpleSetter = isDefined(value);
     var isSimpleGetter = !isSimpleSetter && key && !isObject(key);
@@ -13139,16 +14313,18 @@ function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
     var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
 
     if (isSimpleSetter) { // data('key', value)
-      data[key] = value;
+      data[kebabToCamel(key)] = value;
     } else {
       if (massGetter) {  // data()
         return data;
       } else {
         if (isSimpleGetter) { // data('key')
           // don't force creation of expandoStore if it doesn't exist yet
-          return data && data[key];
+          return data && data[kebabToCamel(key)];
         } else { // mass-setter: data({key1: val1, key2: val2})
-          extend(data, key);
+          for (prop in key) {
+            data[kebabToCamel(prop)] = key[prop];
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -13157,35 +14333,43 @@ function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
 
 function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
   if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
-  return ((" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
-      indexOf(" " + selector + " ") > -1);
+  return ((' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ').replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ').
+      indexOf(' ' + selector + ' ') > -1);
 }
 
 function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
   if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ');
+    var newClasses = existingClasses;
+
     forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
-      element.setAttribute('class', trim(
-          (" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
-          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
-          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " "))
-      );
+      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
+      newClasses = newClasses.replace(' ' + cssClass + ' ', ' ');
     });
-  }
+
+    if (newClasses !== existingClasses) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(newClasses));
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
   if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
     var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
-                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ');
+    var newClasses = existingClasses;
 
     forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
       cssClass = trim(cssClass);
-      if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
-        existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
+      if (newClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
+        newClasses += cssClass + ' ';
       }
     });
 
-    element.setAttribute('class', trim(existingClasses));
+    if (newClasses !== existingClasses) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(newClasses));
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -13223,7 +14407,7 @@ function jqLiteController(element, name) {
 function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
   // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
   // this makes $(document).scope() possible
-  if (element.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
+  if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
     element = element.documentElement;
   }
   var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];
@@ -13267,30 +14451,32 @@ function jqLiteDocumentLoaded(action, win) {
   }
 }
 
+function jqLiteReady(fn) {
+  function trigger() {
+    window.document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', trigger);
+    window.removeEventListener('load', trigger);
+    fn();
+  }
+
+  // check if document is already loaded
+  if (window.document.readyState === 'complete') {
+    window.setTimeout(fn);
+  } else {
+    // We can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
+
+    // Works for modern browsers and IE9
+    window.document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', trigger);
+
+    // Fallback to window.onload for others
+    window.addEventListener('load', trigger);
+  }
+}
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////
 // Functions which are declared directly.
 //////////////////////////////////////////
 var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
-  ready: function(fn) {
-    var fired = false;
-
-    function trigger() {
-      if (fired) return;
-      fired = true;
-      fn();
-    }
-
-    // check if document is already loaded
-    if (window.document.readyState === 'complete') {
-      window.setTimeout(trigger);
-    } else {
-      this.on('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
-      // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
-      // jshint -W064
-      JQLite(window).on('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
-      // jshint +W064
-    }
-  },
+  ready: jqLiteReady,
   toString: function() {
     var value = [];
     forEach(this, function(e) { value.push('' + e);});
@@ -13325,7 +14511,8 @@ var ALIASED_ATTR = {
   'ngMaxlength': 'maxlength',
   'ngMin': 'min',
   'ngMax': 'max',
-  'ngPattern': 'pattern'
+  'ngPattern': 'pattern',
+  'ngStep': 'step'
 };
 
 function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
@@ -13344,7 +14531,12 @@ forEach({
   data: jqLiteData,
   removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
   hasData: jqLiteHasData,
-  cleanData: jqLiteCleanData
+  cleanData: function jqLiteCleanData(nodes) {
+    for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      jqLiteRemoveData(nodes[i]);
+      jqLiteOff(nodes[i]);
+    }
+  }
 }, function(fn, name) {
   JQLite[name] = fn;
 });
@@ -13376,7 +14568,7 @@ forEach({
   hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,
 
   css: function(element, name, value) {
-    name = camelCase(name);
+    name = cssKebabToCamel(name);
 
     if (isDefined(value)) {
       element.style[name] = value;
@@ -13386,33 +14578,33 @@ forEach({
   },
 
   attr: function(element, name, value) {
+    var ret;
     var nodeType = element.nodeType;
-    if (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+    if (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT ||
+      !element.getAttribute) {
       return;
     }
+
     var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
-    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
-      if (isDefined(value)) {
-        if (!!value) {
-          element[name] = true;
-          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
-        } else {
-          element[name] = false;
-          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
-        }
+    var isBooleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName];
+
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      // setter
+
+      if (value === null || (value === false && isBooleanAttr)) {
+        element.removeAttribute(name);
       } else {
-        return (element[name] ||
-                 (element.attributes.getNamedItem(name) || noop).specified)
-               ? lowercasedName
-               : undefined;
-      }
-    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
-      element.setAttribute(name, value);
-    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
-      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
-      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
-      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
-      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
+        element.setAttribute(name, isBooleanAttr ? lowercasedName : value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // getter
+
+      ret = element.getAttribute(name);
+
+      if (isBooleanAttr && ret !== null) {
+        ret = lowercasedName;
+      }
+      // Normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery).
       return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
     }
   },
@@ -13447,7 +14639,7 @@ forEach({
             result.push(option.value || option.text);
           }
         });
-        return result.length === 0 ? null : result;
+        return result;
       }
       return element.value;
     }
@@ -13475,7 +14667,7 @@ forEach({
     // in a way that survives minification.
     // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
     if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
-        (isUndefined((fn.length == 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2))) {
+        (isUndefined((fn.length === 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2))) {
       if (isObject(arg1)) {
 
         // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
@@ -13617,7 +14809,7 @@ forEach({
         eventFns = events[type] = [];
         eventFns.specialHandlerWrapper = specialHandlerWrapper;
         if (type !== '$destroy' && !noEventListener) {
-          addEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+          element.addEventListener(type, handle);
         }
       }
 
@@ -13710,12 +14902,15 @@ forEach({
 
   after: function(element, newElement) {
     var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
-    newElement = new JQLite(newElement);
 
-    for (var i = 0, ii = newElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
-      var node = newElement[i];
-      parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
-      index = node;
+    if (parent) {
+      newElement = new JQLite(newElement);
+
+      for (var i = 0, ii = newElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var node = newElement[i];
+        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+        index = node;
+      }
     }
   },
 
@@ -13809,14 +15004,15 @@ forEach({
     }
     return isDefined(value) ? value : this;
   };
-
-  // bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
-  JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
-  JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
 });
 
+// bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
+JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
+JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
+
 
 // Provider for private $$jqLite service
+/** @this */
 function $$jqLiteProvider() {
   this.$get = function $$jqLite() {
     return extend(JQLite, {
@@ -13859,7 +15055,7 @@ function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
   }
 
   var objType = typeof obj;
-  if (objType == 'function' || (objType == 'object' && obj !== null)) {
+  if (objType === 'function' || (objType === 'object' && obj !== null)) {
     key = obj.$$hashKey = objType + ':' + (nextUidFn || nextUid)();
   } else {
     key = objType + ':' + obj;
@@ -13868,50 +15064,74 @@ function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
   return key;
 }
 
-/**
- * HashMap which can use objects as keys
- */
-function HashMap(array, isolatedUid) {
-  if (isolatedUid) {
-    var uid = 0;
-    this.nextUid = function() {
-      return ++uid;
-    };
-  }
-  forEach(array, this.put, this);
-}
-HashMap.prototype = {
-  /**
-   * Store key value pair
-   * @param key key to store can be any type
-   * @param value value to store can be any type
-   */
-  put: function(key, value) {
-    this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)] = value;
+// A minimal ES2015 Map implementation.
+// Should be bug/feature equivalent to the native implementations of supported browsers
+// (for the features required in Angular).
+// See https://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es6/#test-Map
+var nanKey = Object.create(null);
+function NgMapShim() {
+  this._keys = [];
+  this._values = [];
+  this._lastKey = NaN;
+  this._lastIndex = -1;
+}
+NgMapShim.prototype = {
+  _idx: function(key) {
+    if (key !== this._lastKey) {
+      this._lastKey = key;
+      this._lastIndex = this._keys.indexOf(key);
+    }
+    return this._lastIndex;
+  },
+  _transformKey: function(key) {
+    return isNumberNaN(key) ? nanKey : key;
   },
-
-  /**
-   * @param key
-   * @returns {Object} the value for the key
-   */
   get: function(key) {
-    return this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx !== -1) {
+      return this._values[idx];
+    }
   },
+  has: function(key) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    return idx !== -1;
+  },
+  set: function(key, value) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx === -1) {
+      idx = this._lastIndex = this._keys.length;
+    }
+    this._keys[idx] = key;
+    this._values[idx] = value;
 
-  /**
-   * Remove the key/value pair
-   * @param key
-   */
-  remove: function(key) {
-    var value = this[key = hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
-    delete this[key];
-    return value;
+    // Support: IE11
+    // Do not `return this` to simulate the partial IE11 implementation
+  },
+  delete: function(key) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx === -1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this._keys.splice(idx, 1);
+    this._values.splice(idx, 1);
+    this._lastKey = NaN;
+    this._lastIndex = -1;
+    return true;
   }
 };
 
-var $$HashMapProvider = [function() {
+// For now, always use `NgMapShim`, even if `window.Map` is available. Some native implementations
+// are still buggy (often in subtle ways) and can cause hard-to-debug failures. When native `Map`
+// implementations get more stable, we can reconsider switching to `window.Map` (when available).
+var NgMap = NgMapShim;
+
+var $$MapProvider = [/** @this */function() {
   this.$get = [function() {
-    return HashMap;
+    return NgMap;
   }];
 }];
 
@@ -13945,8 +15165,8 @@ var $$HashMapProvider = [function() {
  *   });
  * ```
  *
- * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running Angular app
- * from outside Angular. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
+ * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running AngularJS app
+ * from outside AngularJS. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
  * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using the extra `injector()` added
  * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
  *
@@ -13978,19 +15198,15 @@ var $$HashMapProvider = [function() {
  * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
  */
 
-var ARROW_ARG = /^([^\(]+?)=>/;
-var FN_ARGS = /^[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
+var ARROW_ARG = /^([^(]+?)=>/;
+var FN_ARGS = /^[^(]*\(\s*([^)]*)\)/m;
 var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
 var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
 var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
 var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
 
 function stringifyFn(fn) {
-  // Support: Chrome 50-51 only
-  // Creating a new string by adding `' '` at the end, to hack around some bug in Chrome v50/51
-  // (See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14487.)
-  // TODO (gkalpak): Remove workaround when Chrome v52 is released
-  return Function.prototype.toString.call(fn) + ' ';
+  return Function.prototype.toString.call(fn);
 }
 
 function extractArgs(fn) {
@@ -14066,7 +15282,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *   })).toBe($injector);
  * ```
  *
- * # Injection Function Annotation
+ * ## Injection Function Annotation
  *
  * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
  * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
@@ -14084,7 +15300,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
  * ```
  *
- * ## Inference
+ * ### Inference
  *
  * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
  * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. This method of discovering
@@ -14092,13 +15308,35 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * *NOTE:* This does not work with minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the
  * argument names.
  *
- * ## `$inject` Annotation
+ * ### `$inject` Annotation
  * By adding an `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
  *
- * ## Inline
+ * ### Inline
  * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
  */
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name $injector#modules
+ * @type {Object}
+ * @description
+ * A hash containing all the modules that have been loaded into the
+ * $injector.
+ *
+ * You can use this property to find out information about a module via the
+ * {@link angular.Module#info `myModule.info(...)`} method.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var info = $injector.modules['ngAnimate'].info();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Do not use this property to attempt to modify the modules after the application
+ * has been bootstrapped.**
+ */
+
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc method
  * @name $injector#get
@@ -14161,7 +15399,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
  * dependencies.
  *
- * # Argument names
+ * #### Argument names
  *
  * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
  * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
@@ -14181,7 +15419,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
  * annotation strategies are supported.
  *
- * # The `$inject` property
+ * #### The `$inject` property
  *
  * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
  * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
@@ -14197,7 +15435,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
  * ```
  *
- * # The array notation
+ * #### The array notation
  *
  * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
  * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
@@ -14234,8 +15472,45 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *
  * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
  */
-
-
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#loadNewModules
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * **This is a dangerous API, which you use at your own risk!**
+ *
+ * Add the specified modules to the current injector.
+ *
+ * This method will add each of the injectables to the injector and execute all of the config and run
+ * blocks for each module passed to the method.
+ *
+ * If a module has already been loaded into the injector then it will not be loaded again.
+ *
+ * * The application developer is responsible for loading the code containing the modules; and for
+ * ensuring that lazy scripts are not downloaded and executed more often that desired.
+ * * Previously compiled HTML will not be affected by newly loaded directives, filters and components.
+ * * Modules cannot be unloaded.
+ *
+ * You can use {@link $injector#modules `$injector.modules`} to check whether a module has been loaded
+ * into the injector, which may indicate whether the script has been executed already.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of loading a bundle of modules, with a utility method called `getScript`:
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * app.factory('loadModule', function($injector) {
+ *   return function loadModule(moduleName, bundleUrl) {
+ *     return getScript(bundleUrl).then(function() { $injector.loadNewModules([moduleName]); });
+ *   };
+ * })
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} mods an array of modules to load into the application.
+ *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
+ *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
+ *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
+ */
 
 
 /**
@@ -14248,7 +15523,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
  * {@link angular.Module}.
  *
- * An Angular **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
+ * An AngularJS **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
  * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
  * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
  * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
@@ -14300,6 +15575,9 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
  * console or not.
  *
+ * It is possible to inject other providers into the provider function,
+ * but the injected provider must have been defined before the one that requires it.
+ *
  * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
                         'Provider'` key.
  * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
@@ -14476,7 +15754,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *
  * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
  * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
- * an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ * an AngularJS {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
  *
  * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
  * @param {*} value The value.
@@ -14507,7 +15785,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *
  * But unlike {@link auto.$provide#value value}, a constant can be
  * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
- * be overridden by an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ * be overridden by an AngularJS {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
  *
  * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
  * @param {*} value The constant value.
@@ -14565,7 +15843,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
   var INSTANTIATING = {},
       providerSuffix = 'Provider',
       path = [],
-      loadedModules = new HashMap([], true),
+      loadedModules = new NgMap(),
       providerCache = {
         $provide: {
             provider: supportObject(provider),
@@ -14581,7 +15859,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
             if (angular.isString(caller)) {
               path.push(caller);
             }
-            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', "Unknown provider: {0}", path.join(' <- '));
+            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', 'Unknown provider: {0}', path.join(' <- '));
           })),
       instanceCache = {},
       protoInstanceInjector =
@@ -14593,11 +15871,17 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
       instanceInjector = protoInstanceInjector;
 
   providerCache['$injector' + providerSuffix] = { $get: valueFn(protoInstanceInjector) };
+  instanceInjector.modules = providerInjector.modules = createMap();
   var runBlocks = loadModules(modulesToLoad);
   instanceInjector = protoInstanceInjector.get('$injector');
   instanceInjector.strictDi = strictDi;
   forEach(runBlocks, function(fn) { if (fn) instanceInjector.invoke(fn); });
 
+  instanceInjector.loadNewModules = function(mods) {
+    forEach(loadModules(mods), function(fn) { if (fn) instanceInjector.invoke(fn); });
+  };
+
+
   return instanceInjector;
 
   ////////////////////////////////////
@@ -14620,16 +15904,16 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
       provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
     }
     if (!provider_.$get) {
-      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', "Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.", name);
+      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', 'Provider \'{0}\' must define $get factory method.', name);
     }
-    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
+    return (providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_);
   }
 
   function enforceReturnValue(name, factory) {
-    return function enforcedReturnValue() {
+    return /** @this */ function enforcedReturnValue() {
       var result = instanceInjector.invoke(factory, this);
       if (isUndefined(result)) {
-        throw $injectorMinErr('undef', "Provider '{0}' must return a value from $get factory method.", name);
+        throw $injectorMinErr('undef', 'Provider \'{0}\' must return a value from $get factory method.', name);
       }
       return result;
     };
@@ -14673,7 +15957,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
     var runBlocks = [], moduleFn;
     forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
       if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
-      loadedModules.put(module, true);
+      loadedModules.set(module, true);
 
       function runInvokeQueue(queue) {
         var i, ii;
@@ -14688,6 +15972,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
       try {
         if (isString(module)) {
           moduleFn = angularModule(module);
+          instanceInjector.modules[module] = moduleFn;
           runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);
           runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._invokeQueue);
           runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._configBlocks);
@@ -14702,15 +15987,15 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
         if (isArray(module)) {
           module = module[module.length - 1];
         }
-        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) == -1) {
+        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) === -1) {
           // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
           // unlike those of Chrome and IE
           // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
           // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
-          /* jshint -W022 */
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-ex-assign
           e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
         }
-        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', "Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}",
+        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', 'Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}',
                   module, e.stack || e.message || e);
       }
     });
@@ -14734,7 +16019,8 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
         try {
           path.unshift(serviceName);
           cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
-          return cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName, caller);
+          cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName, caller);
+          return cache[serviceName];
         } catch (err) {
           if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
             delete cache[serviceName];
@@ -14764,14 +16050,16 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
     }
 
     function isClass(func) {
+      // Support: IE 9-11 only
       // IE 9-11 do not support classes and IE9 leaks with the code below.
-      if (msie <= 11) {
+      if (msie || typeof func !== 'function') {
         return false;
       }
-      // Support: Edge 12-13 only
-      // See: https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/6156135/
-      return typeof func === 'function'
-        && /^(?:class\b|constructor\()/.test(stringifyFn(func));
+      var result = func.$$ngIsClass;
+      if (!isBoolean(result)) {
+        result = func.$$ngIsClass = /^class\b/.test(stringifyFn(func));
+      }
+      return result;
     }
 
     function invoke(fn, self, locals, serviceName) {
@@ -14824,6 +16112,7 @@ createInjector.$$annotate = annotate;
 /**
  * @ngdoc provider
  * @name $anchorScrollProvider
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  * Use `$anchorScrollProvider` to disable automatic scrolling whenever
@@ -14895,7 +16184,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
    * </div>
    *
    * @example
-     <example module="anchorScrollExample">
+     <example module="anchorScrollExample" name="anchor-scroll">
        <file name="index.html">
          <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollController">
            <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
@@ -14905,7 +16194,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
        <file name="script.js">
          angular.module('anchorScrollExample', [])
            .controller('ScrollController', ['$scope', '$location', '$anchorScroll',
-             function ($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
+             function($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
                $scope.gotoBottom = function() {
                  // set the location.hash to the id of
                  // the element you wish to scroll to.
@@ -14934,7 +16223,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
    * See {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset $anchorScroll.yOffset} for more details.
    *
    * @example
-     <example module="anchorScrollOffsetExample">
+     <example module="anchorScrollOffsetExample" name="anchor-scroll-offset">
        <file name="index.html">
          <div class="fixed-header" ng-controller="headerCtrl">
            <a href="" ng-click="gotoAnchor(x)" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
@@ -14951,7 +16240,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
              $anchorScroll.yOffset = 50;   // always scroll by 50 extra pixels
            }])
            .controller('headerCtrl', ['$anchorScroll', '$location', '$scope',
-             function ($anchorScroll, $location, $scope) {
+             function($anchorScroll, $location, $scope) {
                $scope.gotoAnchor = function(x) {
                  var newHash = 'anchor' + x;
                  if ($location.hash() !== newHash) {
@@ -15058,7 +16347,8 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
     }
 
     function scroll(hash) {
-      hash = isString(hash) ? hash : $location.hash();
+      // Allow numeric hashes
+      hash = isString(hash) ? hash : isNumber(hash) ? hash.toString() : $location.hash();
       var elm;
 
       // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
@@ -15070,7 +16360,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
       // first anchor with given name :-D
       else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) scrollTo(elm);
 
-      // no element and hash == 'top', scroll to the top of the page
+      // no element and hash === 'top', scroll to the top of the page
       else if (hash === 'top') scrollTo(null);
     }
 
@@ -15145,14 +16435,14 @@ function prepareAnimateOptions(options) {
       : {};
 }
 
-var $$CoreAnimateJsProvider = function() {
+var $$CoreAnimateJsProvider = /** @this */ function() {
   this.$get = noop;
 };
 
 // this is prefixed with Core since it conflicts with
 // the animateQueueProvider defined in ngAnimate/animateQueue.js
-var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
-  var postDigestQueue = new HashMap();
+var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  var postDigestQueue = new NgMap();
   var postDigestElements = [];
 
   this.$get = ['$$AnimateRunner', '$rootScope',
@@ -15164,17 +16454,23 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
       pin: noop,
 
       push: function(element, event, options, domOperation) {
-        domOperation        && domOperation();
+        if (domOperation) {
+          domOperation();
+        }
 
         options = options || {};
-        options.from        && element.css(options.from);
-        options.to          && element.css(options.to);
+        if (options.from) {
+          element.css(options.from);
+        }
+        if (options.to) {
+          element.css(options.to);
+        }
 
         if (options.addClass || options.removeClass) {
           addRemoveClassesPostDigest(element, options.addClass, options.removeClass);
         }
 
-        var runner = new $$AnimateRunner(); // jshint ignore:line
+        var runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
 
         // since there are no animations to run the runner needs to be
         // notified that the animation call is complete.
@@ -15218,10 +16514,14 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
           });
 
           forEach(element, function(elm) {
-            toAdd    && jqLiteAddClass(elm, toAdd);
-            toRemove && jqLiteRemoveClass(elm, toRemove);
+            if (toAdd) {
+              jqLiteAddClass(elm, toAdd);
+            }
+            if (toRemove) {
+              jqLiteRemoveClass(elm, toRemove);
+            }
           });
-          postDigestQueue.remove(element);
+          postDigestQueue.delete(element);
         }
       });
       postDigestElements.length = 0;
@@ -15236,7 +16536,7 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
 
       if (classesAdded || classesRemoved) {
 
-        postDigestQueue.put(element, data);
+        postDigestQueue.set(element, data);
         postDigestElements.push(element);
 
         if (postDigestElements.length === 1) {
@@ -15259,8 +16559,10 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
  *
  * To see the functional implementation check out `src/ngAnimate/animate.js`.
  */
-var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
+var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', /** @this */ function($provide) {
   var provider = this;
+  var classNameFilter = null;
+  var customFilter = null;
 
   this.$$registeredAnimations = Object.create(null);
 
@@ -15305,7 +16607,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
    */
   this.register = function(name, factory) {
     if (name && name.charAt(0) !== '.') {
-      throw $animateMinErr('notcsel', "Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.", name);
+      throw $animateMinErr('notcsel', 'Expecting class selector starting with \'.\' got \'{0}\'.', name);
     }
 
     var key = name + '-animation';
@@ -15313,6 +16615,51 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
     $provide.factory(key, factory);
   };
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#customFilter
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets and/or returns the custom filter function that is used to "filter" animations, i.e.
+   * determine if an animation is allowed or not. When no filter is specified (the default), no
+   * animation will be blocked. Setting the `customFilter` value will only allow animations for
+   * which the filter function's return value is truthy.
+   *
+   * This allows to easily create arbitrarily complex rules for filtering animations, such as
+   * allowing specific events only, or enabling animations on specific subtrees of the DOM, etc.
+   * Filtering animations can also boost performance for low-powered devices, as well as
+   * applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-success">
+   *   **Best Practice:**
+   *   Keep the filtering function as lean as possible, because it will be called for each DOM
+   *   action (e.g. insertion, removal, class change) performed by "animation-aware" directives.
+   *   See {@link guide/animations#which-directives-support-animations- here} for a list of built-in
+   *   directives that support animations.
+   *   Performing computationally expensive or time-consuming operations on each call of the
+   *   filtering function can make your animations sluggish.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * **Note:** If present, `customFilter` will be checked before
+   * {@link $animateProvider#classNameFilter classNameFilter}.
+   *
+   * @param {Function=} filterFn - The filter function which will be used to filter all animations.
+   *   If a falsy value is returned, no animation will be performed. The function will be called
+   *   with the following arguments:
+   *   - **node** `{DOMElement}` - The DOM element to be animated.
+   *   - **event** `{String}` - The name of the animation event (e.g. `enter`, `leave`, `addClass`
+   *     etc).
+   *   - **options** `{Object}` - A collection of options/styles used for the animation.
+   * @return {Function} The current filter function or `null` if there is none set.
+   */
+  this.customFilter = function(filterFn) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+      customFilter = isFunction(filterFn) ? filterFn : null;
+    }
+
+    return customFilter;
+  };
+
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $animateProvider#classNameFilter
@@ -15324,21 +16671,26 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
    * When setting the `classNameFilter` value, animations will only be performed on elements
    * that successfully match the filter expression. This in turn can boost performance
    * for low-powered devices as well as applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   *
+   * **Note:** If present, `classNameFilter` will be checked after
+   * {@link $animateProvider#customFilter customFilter}. If `customFilter` is present and returns
+   * false, `classNameFilter` will not be checked.
+   *
    * @param {RegExp=} expression The className expression which will be checked against all animations
    * @return {RegExp} The current CSS className expression value. If null then there is no expression value
    */
   this.classNameFilter = function(expression) {
     if (arguments.length === 1) {
-      this.$$classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
-      if (this.$$classNameFilter) {
-        var reservedRegex = new RegExp("(\\s+|\\/)" + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME + "(\\s+|\\/)");
-        if (reservedRegex.test(this.$$classNameFilter.toString())) {
-          throw $animateMinErr('nongcls','$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the "{0}" CSS class.', NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
-
+      classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
+      if (classNameFilter) {
+        var reservedRegex = new RegExp('[(\\s|\\/)]' + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME + '[(\\s|\\/)]');
+        if (reservedRegex.test(classNameFilter.toString())) {
+          classNameFilter = null;
+          throw $animateMinErr('nongcls', '$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the "{0}" CSS class.', NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
         }
       }
     }
-    return this.$$classNameFilter;
+    return classNameFilter;
   };
 
   this.$get = ['$$animateQueue', function($$animateQueue) {
@@ -15352,7 +16704,11 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
           afterElement = null;
         }
       }
-      afterElement ? afterElement.after(element) : parentElement.prepend(element);
+      if (afterElement) {
+        afterElement.after(element);
+      } else {
+        parentElement.prepend(element);
+      }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -15395,14 +16751,39 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * );
        * ```
        *
+       * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+       * **Note**: Generally, the events that are fired correspond 1:1 to `$animate` method names,
+       * e.g. {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass()} will fire `addClass`, and {@link ng.ngClass}
+       * will fire `addClass` if classes are added, and `removeClass` if classes are removed.
+       * However, there are two exceptions:
+       *
+       * <ul>
+       *   <li>if both an {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass()} and a
+       *   {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass()} action are performed during the same
+       *   animation, the event fired will be `setClass`. This is true even for `ngClass`.</li>
+       *   <li>an {@link ng.$animate#animate animate()} call that adds and removes classes will fire
+       *   the `setClass` event, but if it either removes or adds classes,
+       *   it will fire `animate` instead.</li>
+       * </ul>
+       *
+       * </div>
+       *
        * @param {string} event the animation event that will be captured (e.g. enter, leave, move, addClass, removeClass, etc...)
        * @param {DOMElement} container the container element that will capture each of the animation events that are fired on itself
        *     as well as among its children
-       * @param {Function} callback the callback function that will be fired when the listener is triggered
+       * @param {Function} callback the callback function that will be fired when the listener is triggered.
        *
        * The arguments present in the callback function are:
        * * `element` - The captured DOM element that the animation was fired on.
        * * `phase` - The phase of the animation. The two possible phases are **start** (when the animation starts) and **close** (when it ends).
+       * * `data` - an object with these properties:
+       *     * addClass - `{string|null}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to the element
+       *     * removeClass - `{string|null}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from the element
+       *     * from - `{Object|null}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of the animation
+       *     * to - `{Object|null}` - CSS properties & values at the end of the animation
+       *
+       * Note that the callback does not trigger a scope digest. Wrap your call into a
+       * {@link $rootScope.Scope#$apply scope.$apply} to propagate changes to the scope.
        */
       on: $$animateQueue.on,
 
@@ -15442,7 +16823,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @name $animate#pin
        * @kind function
        * @description Associates the provided element with a host parent element to allow the element to be animated even if it exists
-       *    outside of the DOM structure of the Angular application. By doing so, any animation triggered via `$animate` can be issued on the
+       *    outside of the DOM structure of the AngularJS application. By doing so, any animation triggered via `$animate` can be issued on the
        *    element despite being outside the realm of the application or within another application. Say for example if the application
        *    was bootstrapped on an element that is somewhere inside of the `<body>` tag, but we wanted to allow for an element to be situated
        *    as a direct child of `document.body`, then this can be achieved by pinning the element via `$animate.pin(element)`. Keep in mind
@@ -15490,12 +16871,78 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @ngdoc method
        * @name $animate#cancel
        * @kind function
-       * @description Cancels the provided animation.
+       * @description Cancels the provided animation and applies the end state of the animation.
+       * Note that this does not cancel the underlying operation, e.g. the setting of classes or
+       * adding the element to the DOM.
+       *
+       * @param {animationRunner} animationRunner An animation runner returned by an $animate function.
        *
-       * @param {Promise} animationPromise The animation promise that is returned when an animation is started.
+       * @example
+        <example module="animationExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="animate-cancel">
+          <file name="app.js">
+            angular.module('animationExample', ['ngAnimate']).component('cancelExample', {
+              templateUrl: 'template.html',
+              controller: function($element, $animate) {
+                this.runner = null;
+
+                this.addClass = function() {
+                  this.runner = $animate.addClass($element.find('div'), 'red');
+                  var ctrl = this;
+                  this.runner.finally(function() {
+                    ctrl.runner = null;
+                  });
+                };
+
+                this.removeClass = function() {
+                  this.runner = $animate.removeClass($element.find('div'), 'red');
+                  var ctrl = this;
+                  this.runner.finally(function() {
+                    ctrl.runner = null;
+                  });
+                };
+
+                this.cancel = function() {
+                  $animate.cancel(this.runner);
+                };
+              }
+            });
+          </file>
+          <file name="template.html">
+            <p>
+              <button id="add" ng-click="$ctrl.addClass()">Add</button>
+              <button ng-click="$ctrl.removeClass()">Remove</button>
+              <br>
+              <button id="cancel" ng-click="$ctrl.cancel()" ng-disabled="!$ctrl.runner">Cancel</button>
+              <br>
+              <div id="target">CSS-Animated Text</div>
+            </p>
+          </file>
+          <file name="index.html">
+            <cancel-example></cancel-example>
+          </file>
+          <file name="style.css">
+            .red-add, .red-remove {
+              transition: all 4s cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940);
+            }
+
+            .red,
+            .red-add.red-add-active {
+              color: #FF0000;
+              font-size: 40px;
+            }
+
+            .red-remove.red-remove-active {
+              font-size: 10px;
+              color: black;
+            }
+
+          </file>
+        </example>
        */
       cancel: function(runner) {
-        runner.end && runner.end();
+        if (runner.cancel) {
+          runner.cancel();
+        }
       },
 
       /**
@@ -15520,7 +16967,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       enter: function(element, parent, after, options) {
         parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
@@ -15552,7 +16999,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       move: function(element, parent, after, options) {
         parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
@@ -15579,7 +17026,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       leave: function(element, options) {
         return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'leave', prepareAnimateOptions(options), function() {
@@ -15604,12 +17051,11 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
        *   The object can have the following properties:
        *
-       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
-       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} animationRunner the animation runner
        */
       addClass: function(element, className, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -15636,10 +17082,9 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *
        *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
        *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
-       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       removeClass: function(element, className, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -15666,11 +17111,11 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   The object can have the following properties:
        *
        *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
-       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       setClass: function(element, add, remove, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -15686,7 +17131,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *
        * @description Performs an inline animation on the element which applies the provided to and from CSS styles to the element.
        * If any detected CSS transition, keyframe or JavaScript matches the provided className value, then the animation will take
-       * on the provided styles. For example, if a transition animation is set for the given classNamem, then the provided `from` and
+       * on the provided styles. For example, if a transition animation is set for the given className, then the provided `from` and
        * `to` styles will be applied alongside the given transition. If the CSS style provided in `from` does not have a corresponding
        * style in `to`, the style in `from` is applied immediately, and no animation is run.
        * If a JavaScript animation is detected then the provided styles will be given in as function parameters into the `animate`
@@ -15717,7 +17162,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       animate: function(element, from, to, className, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -15732,7 +17177,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
   }];
 }];
 
-var $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider = function() {
+var $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider = /** @this */ function() {
   this.$get = ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
     var waitQueue = [];
 
@@ -15753,15 +17198,19 @@ var $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider = function() {
         passed = true;
       });
       return function(callback) {
-        passed ? callback() : waitForTick(callback);
+        if (passed) {
+          callback();
+        } else {
+          waitForTick(callback);
+        }
       };
     };
   }];
 };
 
-var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$q', '$sniffer', '$$animateAsyncRun', '$document', '$timeout',
-       function($q,   $sniffer,   $$animateAsyncRun,   $document,   $timeout) {
+var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  this.$get = ['$q', '$sniffer', '$$animateAsyncRun', '$$isDocumentHidden', '$timeout',
+       function($q,   $sniffer,   $$animateAsyncRun,   $$isDocumentHidden,   $timeout) {
 
     var INITIAL_STATE = 0;
     var DONE_PENDING_STATE = 1;
@@ -15813,11 +17262,7 @@ var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
 
       this._doneCallbacks = [];
       this._tick = function(fn) {
-        var doc = $document[0];
-
-        // the document may not be ready or attached
-        // to the module for some internal tests
-        if (doc && doc.hidden) {
+        if ($$isDocumentHidden()) {
           timeoutTick(fn);
         } else {
           rafTick(fn);
@@ -15846,7 +17291,11 @@ var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
           var self = this;
           this.promise = $q(function(resolve, reject) {
             self.done(function(status) {
-              status === false ? reject() : resolve();
+              if (status === false) {
+                reject();
+              } else {
+                resolve();
+              }
             });
           });
         }
@@ -15920,6 +17369,7 @@ var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
  * @ngdoc service
  * @name $animateCss
  * @kind object
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  * This is the core version of `$animateCss`. By default, only when the `ngAnimate` is included,
@@ -15952,7 +17402,6 @@ var $CoreAnimateCssProvider = function() {
         options.from = null;
       }
 
-      /* jshint newcap: false */
       var closed, runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
       return {
         start: run,
@@ -15990,28145 +17439,17235 @@ var $CoreAnimateCssProvider = function() {
 
 /* global stripHash: true */
 
+var PATH_MATCH = /^([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
+    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
+var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
+
+
 /**
- * ! This is a private undocumented service !
- *
- * @name $browser
- * @requires $log
- * @description
- * This object has two goals:
- *
- * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
- * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
+ * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
  *
- * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
- * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
- * the real browser apis.
- */
-/**
- * @param {object} window The global window object.
- * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
- * @param {object} $log window.console or an object with the same interface.
- * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
+ * @param {string} path Path to encode
+ * @returns {string}
  */
-function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer) {
-  var self = this,
-      location = window.location,
-      history = window.history,
-      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
-      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
-      pendingDeferIds = {};
+function encodePath(path) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
 
-  self.isMock = false;
+  while (i--) {
+    // decode forward slashes to prevent them from being double encoded
+    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i].replace(/%2F/g, '/'));
+  }
 
-  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
-  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
 
-  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
-  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = completeOutstandingRequest;
-  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = function() { outstandingRequestCount++; };
+function decodePath(path, html5Mode) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
 
-  /**
-   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
-   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
-   */
-  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
-    try {
-      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
-    } finally {
-      outstandingRequestCount--;
-      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
-        while (outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
-          try {
-            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
-          } catch (e) {
-            $log.error(e);
-          }
-        }
-      }
+  while (i--) {
+    segments[i] = decodeURIComponent(segments[i]);
+    if (html5Mode) {
+      // encode forward slashes to prevent them from being mistaken for path separators
+      segments[i] = segments[i].replace(/\//g, '%2F');
     }
   }
 
-  function getHash(url) {
-    var index = url.indexOf('#');
-    return index === -1 ? '' : url.substr(index);
-  }
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @private
-   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
-   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
-   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
-   */
-  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
-    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
-      callback();
-    } else {
-      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
-    }
-  };
+function normalizePath(pathValue, searchValue, hashValue) {
+  var search = toKeyValue(searchValue),
+    hash = hashValue ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(hashValue) : '',
+    path = encodePath(pathValue);
 
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // URL API
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  return path + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+}
 
-  var cachedState, lastHistoryState,
-      lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
-      baseElement = document.find('base'),
-      pendingLocation = null,
-      getCurrentState = !$sniffer.history ? noop : function getCurrentState() {
-        try {
-          return history.state;
-        } catch (e) {
-          // MSIE can reportedly throw when there is no state (UNCONFIRMED).
-        }
-      };
+function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj) {
+  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl);
 
-  cacheState();
-  lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
+  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
+  locationObj.$$port = toInt(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#url
-   *
-   * @description
-   * GETTER:
-   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
-   *
-   * SETTER:
-   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
-   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
-   * location.href/location.replace is used.
-   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
-   *
-   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
-   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
-   *
-   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
-   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record?
-   * @param {object=} state object to use with pushState/replaceState
-   */
-  self.url = function(url, replace, state) {
-    // In modern browsers `history.state` is `null` by default; treating it separately
-    // from `undefined` would cause `$browser.url('/foo')` to change `history.state`
-    // to undefined via `pushState`. Instead, let's change `undefined` to `null` here.
-    if (isUndefined(state)) {
-      state = null;
-    }
-
-    // Android Browser BFCache causes location, history reference to become stale.
-    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
-    if (history !== window.history) history = window.history;
-
-    // setter
-    if (url) {
-      var sameState = lastHistoryState === state;
-
-      // Don't change anything if previous and current URLs and states match. This also prevents
-      // IE<10 from getting into redirect loop when in LocationHashbangInHtml5Url mode.
-      // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/commit/ffb2701
-      if (lastBrowserUrl === url && (!$sniffer.history || sameState)) {
-        return self;
-      }
-      var sameBase = lastBrowserUrl && stripHash(lastBrowserUrl) === stripHash(url);
-      lastBrowserUrl = url;
-      lastHistoryState = state;
-      // Don't use history API if only the hash changed
-      // due to a bug in IE10/IE11 which leads
-      // to not firing a `hashchange` nor `popstate` event
-      // in some cases (see #9143).
-      if ($sniffer.history && (!sameBase || !sameState)) {
-        history[replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState'](state, '', url);
-        cacheState();
-        // Do the assignment again so that those two variables are referentially identical.
-        lastHistoryState = cachedState;
-      } else {
-        if (!sameBase) {
-          pendingLocation = url;
-        }
-        if (replace) {
-          location.replace(url);
-        } else if (!sameBase) {
-          location.href = url;
-        } else {
-          location.hash = getHash(url);
-        }
-        if (location.href !== url) {
-          pendingLocation = url;
-        }
-      }
-      if (pendingLocation) {
-        pendingLocation = url;
-      }
-      return self;
-    // getter
-    } else {
-      // - pendingLocation is needed as browsers don't allow to read out
-      //   the new location.href if a reload happened or if there is a bug like in iOS 9 (see
-      //   https://openradar.appspot.com/22186109).
-      // - the replacement is a workaround for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407172
-      return pendingLocation || location.href.replace(/%27/g,"'");
-    }
-  };
+var DOUBLE_SLASH_REGEX = /^\s*[\\/]{2,}/;
+function parseAppUrl(url, locationObj, html5Mode) {
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#state
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is a getter.
-   *
-   * Return history.state or null if history.state is undefined.
-   *
-   * @returns {object} state
-   */
-  self.state = function() {
-    return cachedState;
-  };
+  if (DOUBLE_SLASH_REGEX.test(url)) {
+    throw $locationMinErr('badpath', 'Invalid url "{0}".', url);
+  }
 
-  var urlChangeListeners = [],
-      urlChangeInit = false;
+  var prefixed = (url.charAt(0) !== '/');
+  if (prefixed) {
+    url = '/' + url;
+  }
+  var match = urlResolve(url);
+  var path = prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ? match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname;
+  locationObj.$$path = decodePath(path, html5Mode);
+  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
+  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
 
-  function cacheStateAndFireUrlChange() {
-    pendingLocation = null;
-    cacheState();
-    fireUrlChange();
+  // make sure path starts with '/';
+  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
   }
+}
 
-  // This variable should be used *only* inside the cacheState function.
-  var lastCachedState = null;
-  function cacheState() {
-    // This should be the only place in $browser where `history.state` is read.
-    cachedState = getCurrentState();
-    cachedState = isUndefined(cachedState) ? null : cachedState;
+function startsWith(str, search) {
+  return str.slice(0, search.length) === search;
+}
 
-    // Prevent callbacks fo fire twice if both hashchange & popstate were fired.
-    if (equals(cachedState, lastCachedState)) {
-      cachedState = lastCachedState;
-    }
-    lastCachedState = cachedState;
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {string} base
+ * @param {string} url
+ * @returns {string} returns text from `url` after `base` or `undefined` if it does not begin with
+ *                   the expected string.
+ */
+function stripBaseUrl(base, url) {
+  if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+    return url.substr(base.length);
   }
+}
 
-  function fireUrlChange() {
-    if (lastBrowserUrl === self.url() && lastHistoryState === cachedState) {
-      return;
-    }
+function stripHash(url) {
+  var index = url.indexOf('#');
+  return index === -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
+}
 
-    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
-    lastHistoryState = cachedState;
-    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
-      listener(self.url(), cachedState);
-    });
-  }
+function stripFile(url) {
+  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#onUrlChange
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
-   *
-   * It's only called when the url is changed from outside of angular:
-   * - user types different url into address bar
-   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
-   * - user clicks on a link
-   *
-   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
-   *
-   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
-   *
-   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
-   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
-   *
-   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
-   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
-   */
-  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
-    // TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
-    if (!urlChangeInit) {
-      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
-      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
-      // changed by push/replaceState
+/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
+function serverBase(url) {
+  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
+}
 
-      // html5 history api - popstate event
-      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
-      // hashchange event
-      jqLite(window).on('hashchange', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
 
-      urlChangeInit = true;
-    }
+/**
+ * LocationHtml5Url represents a URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} basePrefix URL path prefix
+ */
+function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, basePrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
 
-    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
-    return callback;
-  };
 
   /**
+   * Parse given HTML5 (regular) URL string into properties
+   * @param {string} url HTML5 URL
    * @private
-   * Remove popstate and hashchange handler from window.
-   *
-   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by $rootScope.
    */
-  self.$$applicationDestroyed = function() {
-    jqLite(window).off('hashchange popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
-  };
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var pathUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
+          appBaseNoFile);
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Checks whether the url has changed outside of Angular.
-   * Needs to be exported to be able to check for changes that have been done in sync,
-   * as hashchange/popstate events fire in async.
-   */
-  self.$$checkUrlChange = fireUrlChange;
+    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this, true);
 
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // Misc API
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    if (!this.$$path) {
+      this.$$path = '/';
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#baseHref
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Returns current <base href>
-   * (always relative - without domain)
-   *
-   * @returns {string} The current base href
-   */
-  self.baseHref = function() {
-    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
-    return href ? href.replace(/^(https?\:)?\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : '';
+    this.$$compose();
   };
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#defer
-   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
-   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
-   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
-   *
-   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
-   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
-   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
-   *
-   */
-  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
-    var timeoutId;
-    outstandingRequestCount++;
-    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
-      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
-      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
-    }, delay || 0);
-    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
-    return timeoutId;
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    return appBaseNoFile + url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
   };
 
-
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#defer.cancel
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
-   *
-   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
-   *                    canceled.
-   */
-  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
-    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
-      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
-      clearTimeout(deferId);
-      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
       return true;
     }
-    return false;
-  };
+    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
+    var rewrittenUrl;
 
-}
 
-function $BrowserProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document',
-      function($window, $log, $sniffer, $document) {
-        return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer);
-      }];
+    if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url))) {
+      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
+      if (basePrefix && isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(basePrefix, appUrl))) {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + (stripBaseUrl('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
+      } else {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBase + prevAppUrl;
+      }
+    } else if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
 }
 
+
 /**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $cacheFactory
- *
- * @description
- * Factory that constructs {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} objects and gives access to
- * them.
- *
- * ```js
- *
- *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
- *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
- *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
- *
- *  cache.put("key", "value");
- *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
- *
- *  // We've specified no options on creation
- *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2});
- *
- * ```
- *
- *
- * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
- * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
- *
- *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
- *
- * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
- *
- * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
- * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
- *   it.
- * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
- * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
- * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
- * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
+ * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
  *
- * @example
-   <example module="cacheExampleApp">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="CacheController">
-         <input ng-model="newCacheKey" placeholder="Key">
-         <input ng-model="newCacheValue" placeholder="Value">
-         <button ng-click="put(newCacheKey, newCacheValue)">Cache</button>
-
-         <p ng-if="keys.length">Cached Values</p>
-         <div ng-repeat="key in keys">
-           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
-           <span>: </span>
-           <b ng-bind="cache.get(key)"></b>
-         </div>
-
-         <p>Cache Info</p>
-         <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in cache.info()">
-           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
-           <span>: </span>
-           <b ng-bind="value"></b>
-         </div>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('cacheExampleApp', []).
-         controller('CacheController', ['$scope', '$cacheFactory', function($scope, $cacheFactory) {
-           $scope.keys = [];
-           $scope.cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
-           $scope.put = function(key, value) {
-             if (angular.isUndefined($scope.cache.get(key))) {
-               $scope.keys.push(key);
-             }
-             $scope.cache.put(key, angular.isUndefined(value) ? null : value);
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       p {
-         margin: 10px 0 3px;
-       }
-     </file>
-   </example>
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
  */
-function $CacheFactoryProvider() {
+function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
 
-  this.$get = function() {
-    var caches = {};
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
 
-    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
-      if (cacheId in caches) {
-        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', "CacheId '{0}' is already taken!", cacheId);
-      }
 
-      var size = 0,
-          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
-          data = createMap(),
-          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
-          lruHash = createMap(),
-          freshEnd = null,
-          staleEnd = null;
+  /**
+   * Parse given hashbang URL into properties
+   * @param {string} url Hashbang URL
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var withoutBaseUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url) || stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    var withoutHashUrl;
 
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc type
-       * @name $cacheFactory.Cache
-       *
-       * @description
-       * A cache object used to store and retrieve data, primarily used by
-       * {@link $http $http} and the {@link ng.directive:script script} directive to cache
-       * templates and other data.
-       *
-       * ```js
-       *  angular.module('superCache')
-       *    .factory('superCache', ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
-       *      return $cacheFactory('super-cache');
-       *    }]);
-       * ```
-       *
-       * Example test:
-       *
-       * ```js
-       *  it('should behave like a cache', inject(function(superCache) {
-       *    superCache.put('key', 'value');
-       *    superCache.put('another key', 'another value');
-       *
-       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
-       *      id: 'super-cache',
-       *      size: 2
-       *    });
-       *
-       *    superCache.remove('another key');
-       *    expect(superCache.get('another key')).toBeUndefined();
-       *
-       *    superCache.removeAll();
-       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
-       *      id: 'super-cache',
-       *      size: 0
-       *    });
-       *  }));
-       * ```
-       */
-      return caches[cacheId] = {
+    if (!isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl) && withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === '#') {
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#put
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Inserts a named entry into the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object to be
-         * retrieved later, and incrementing the size of the cache if the key was not already
-         * present in the cache. If behaving like an LRU cache, it will also remove stale
-         * entries from the set.
-         *
-         * It will not insert undefined values into the cache.
-         *
-         * @param {string} key the key under which the cached data is stored.
-         * @param {*} value the value to store alongside the key. If it is undefined, the key
-         *    will not be stored.
-         * @returns {*} the value stored.
-         */
-        put: function(key, value) {
-          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
-          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
-            var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});
+      // The rest of the URL starts with a hash so we have
+      // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
+      withoutHashUrl = stripBaseUrl(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
+      if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
+        // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      }
 
-            refresh(lruEntry);
-          }
+    } else {
+      // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
+      // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
+      // Otherwise we ignore what is left
+      if (this.$$html5) {
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      } else {
+        withoutHashUrl = '';
+        if (isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl)) {
+          appBase = url;
+          /** @type {?} */ (this).replace();
+        }
+      }
+    }
 
-          if (!(key in data)) size++;
-          data[key] = value;
+    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this, false);
 
-          if (size > capacity) {
-            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
-          }
+    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
 
-          return value;
-        },
+    this.$$compose();
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#get
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Retrieves named data stored in the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
-         *
-         * @param {string} key the key of the data to be retrieved
-         * @returns {*} the value stored.
-         */
-        get: function(key) {
-          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
-            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+    /*
+     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
+     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
+     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
+     * pathname without a drive is set:
+     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
+     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
+     *
+     * Inside of AngularJS, we're always using pathnames that
+     * do not include drive names for routing.
+     */
+    function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
+      /*
+      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
+      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
+      */
+      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
 
-            if (!lruEntry) return;
+      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
 
-            refresh(lruEntry);
-          }
+      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
+      if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+        url = url.replace(base, '');
+      }
 
-          return data[key];
-        },
+      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
+      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
+        return path;
+      }
 
+      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
+      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+    }
+  };
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#remove
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Removes an entry from the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
-         *
-         * @param {string} key the key of the entry to be removed
-         */
-        remove: function(key) {
-          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
-            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    return appBase + (url ? hashPrefix + url : '');
+  };
 
-            if (!lruEntry) return;
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (stripHash(appBase) === stripHash(url)) {
+      this.$$parse(url);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+}
 
-            if (lruEntry == freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
-            if (lruEntry == staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
-            link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);
 
-            delete lruHash[key];
-          }
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
+ * does not support it.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
 
-          if (!(key in data)) return;
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
 
-          delete data[key];
-          size--;
-        },
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+    var appUrl;
 
+    if (appBase === stripHash(url)) {
+      rewrittenUrl = url;
+    } else if ((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#removeAll
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Clears the cache object of any entries.
-         */
-        removeAll: function() {
-          data = createMap();
-          size = 0;
-          lruHash = createMap();
-          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
-        },
-
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE9 does not reload page because of removal of '#'
+    return appBase + hashPrefix + url;
+  };
+}
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#destroy
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Destroys the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object entirely,
-         * removing it from the {@link $cacheFactory $cacheFactory} set.
-         */
-        destroy: function() {
-          data = null;
-          stats = null;
-          lruHash = null;
-          delete caches[cacheId];
-        },
 
+var locationPrototype = {
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#info
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Retrieve information regarding a particular {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache}.
-         *
-         * @returns {object} an object with the following properties:
-         *   <ul>
-         *     <li>**id**: the id of the cache instance</li>
-         *     <li>**size**: the number of entries kept in the cache instance</li>
-         *     <li>**...**: any additional properties from the options object when creating the
-         *       cache.</li>
-         *   </ul>
-         */
-        info: function() {
-          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
-        }
-      };
+  /**
+   * Ensure absolute URL is initialized.
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$absUrl:'',
 
+  /**
+   * Are we in html5 mode?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$html5: false,
 
-      /**
-       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
-       */
-      function refresh(entry) {
-        if (entry != freshEnd) {
-          if (!staleEnd) {
-            staleEnd = entry;
-          } else if (staleEnd == entry) {
-            staleEnd = entry.n;
-          }
+  /**
+   * Has any change been replacing?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$replace: false,
 
-          link(entry.n, entry.p);
-          link(entry, freshEnd);
-          freshEnd = entry;
-          freshEnd.n = null;
-        }
-      }
+  /**
+   * Compose url and update `url` and `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$compose: function() {
+    this.$$url = normalizePath(this.$$path, this.$$search, this.$$hash);
+    this.$$absUrl = this.$$normalizeUrl(this.$$url);
+    this.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
+  },
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#absUrl
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return full URL representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
+   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var absUrl = $location.absUrl();
+   * // => "http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} full URL
+   */
+  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
 
-      /**
-       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
-       */
-      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
-        if (nextEntry != prevEntry) {
-          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
-          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
-        }
-      }
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return URL (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var url = $location.url();
+   * // => "/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string=} url New URL without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
+   * @return {string} url
+   */
+  url: function(url) {
+    if (isUndefined(url)) {
+      return this.$$url;
     }
 
+    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
+    if (match[1] || url === '') this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === '') this.search(match[3] || '');
+    this.hash(match[5] || '');
+
+    return this;
+  },
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $cacheFactory#info
+   * @name $location#protocol
    *
    * @description
-   * Get information about all the caches that have been created
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return protocol of current URL.
+   *
    *
-   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var protocol = $location.protocol();
+   * // => "http"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} protocol of current URL
    */
-    cacheFactory.info = function() {
-      var info = {};
-      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
-        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
-      });
-      return info;
-    };
+  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#host
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return host of current URL.
+   *
+   * Note: compared to the non-AngularJS version `location.host` which returns `hostname:port`, this returns the `hostname` portion only.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   *
+   * // given URL http://user:password@example.com:8080/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   * host = location.host;
+   * // => "example.com:8080"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} host of current URL.
+   */
+  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $cacheFactory#get
+   * @name $location#port
    *
    * @description
-   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return port of current URL.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var port = $location.port();
+   * // => 80
+   * ```
    *
-   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
-   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
+   * @return {Number} port
    */
-    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
-      return caches[cacheId];
-    };
+  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#path
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return path of current URL when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
+   * if it is missing.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var path = $location.path();
+   * // => "/some/path"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} path New path
+   * @return {(string|object)} path if called with no parameters, or `$location` if called with a parameter
+   */
+  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
+    path = path !== null ? path.toString() : '';
+    return path.charAt(0) === '/' ? path : '/' + path;
+  }),
 
-    return cacheFactory;
-  };
-}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#search
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return search part (as object) of current URL when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var searchObject = $location.search();
+   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   *
+   * // set foo to 'yipee'
+   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
+   * // $location.search() => {foo: 'yipee', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
+   * hash object.
+   *
+   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
+   * of `$location` to the specified value.
+   *
+   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
+   * as duplicate search parameters in the URL.
+   *
+   * @param {(string|Number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string or number, then `paramValue`
+   * will override only a single search property.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
+   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
+   * value nor trailing equal sign.
+   *
+   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
+   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
+   */
+  search: function(search, paramValue) {
+    switch (arguments.length) {
+      case 0:
+        return this.$$search;
+      case 1:
+        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
+          search = search.toString();
+          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
+        } else if (isObject(search)) {
+          search = copy(search, {});
+          // remove object undefined or null properties
+          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
+            if (value == null) delete search[key];
+          });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $templateCache
- *
- * @description
- * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
- * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, or by consuming the
- * `$templateCache` service directly.
- *
- * Adding via the `script` tag:
- *
- * ```html
- *   <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
- *     <p>This is the content of the template</p>
- *   </script>
- * ```
- *
- * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
- * the document, but it must be a descendent of the {@link ng.$rootElement $rootElement} (IE,
- * element with ng-app attribute), otherwise the template will be ignored.
- *
- * Adding via the `$templateCache` service:
- *
- * ```js
- * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
- * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
- *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
- * });
- * ```
- *
- * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your HTML:
- * ```html
- * <div ng-include=" 'templateId.html' "></div>
- * ```
- *
- * or get it via Javascript:
- * ```js
- * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
- * ```
- *
- * See {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
- *
- */
-function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
-    return $cacheFactory('templates');
-  }];
-}
+          this.$$search = search;
+        } else {
+          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
+              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
+          delete this.$$search[search];
+        } else {
+          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
+        }
+    }
 
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
- *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
- *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
- *                         this file is required.                          *
- *                                                                         *
- *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
- *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
- *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  },
 
-/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
- *
- * DOM-related variables:
- *
- * - "node" - DOM Node
- * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
- * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
- *
- *
- * Compiler related stuff:
- *
- * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
- * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
- * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
- * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
- */
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#hash
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Returns the hash fragment when called without any parameters.
+   *
+   * Changes the hash fragment when called with a parameter and returns `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo#hashValue
+   * var hash = $location.hash();
+   * // => "hashValue"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} hash New hash fragment
+   * @return {string} hash
+   */
+  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', function(hash) {
+    return hash !== null ? hash.toString() : '';
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#replace
+   *
+   * @description
+   * If called, all changes to $location during the current `$digest` will replace the current history
+   * record, instead of adding a new one.
+   */
+  replace: function() {
+    this.$$replace = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+forEach([LocationHashbangInHtml5Url, LocationHashbangUrl, LocationHtml5Url], function(Location) {
+  Location.prototype = Object.create(locationPrototype);
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#state
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return the history state object when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
+   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
+   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
+   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
+   *
+   * @param {object=} state State object for pushState or replaceState
+   * @return {object} state
+   */
+  Location.prototype.state = function(state) {
+    if (!arguments.length) {
+      return this.$$state;
+    }
+
+    if (Location !== LocationHtml5Url || !this.$$html5) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('nostate', 'History API state support is available only ' +
+        'in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API');
+    }
+    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.state(stateObject)`
+    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
+    // so the modification window is narrow.
+    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
+    this.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
+
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+
+function locationGetter(property) {
+  return /** @this */ function() {
+    return this[property];
+  };
+}
+
+
+function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
+  return /** @this */ function(value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return this[property];
+    }
+
+    this[property] = preprocess(value);
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    return this;
+  };
+}
 
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc service
- * @name $compile
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
- * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
- *
- * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
- * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
- * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
- * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
- * </div>
- *
- * ## Comprehensive Directive API
- *
- * There are many different options for a directive.
- *
- * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
- * You can either return a {@link $compile#directive-definition-object Directive Definition Object (see below)}
- * that defines the directive properties, or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have
- * the default values).
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-success">
- * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
- * </div>
- *
- * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
- *
- * ```js
- *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
- *
- *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
- *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
- *       priority: 0,
- *       template: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
- *       // or
- *       // templateUrl: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
- *       transclude: false,
- *       restrict: 'A',
- *       templateNamespace: 'html',
- *       scope: false,
- *       controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
- *       controllerAs: 'stringIdentifier',
- *       bindToController: false,
- *       require: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
- *       compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
- *         return {
- *           pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
- *           post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
- *         }
- *         // or
- *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
- *       },
- *       // or
- *       // link: {
- *       //  pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
- *       //  post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
- *       // }
- *       // or
- *       // link: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
- *     };
- *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
- * </div>
- *
- * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
- *
- * ```js
- *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
- *
- *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
- *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
- *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
- *     };
- *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
- *     // or
- *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * ### Life-cycle hooks
- * Directive controllers can provide the following methods that are called by Angular at points in the life-cycle of the
- * directive:
- * * `$onInit()` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
- *   had their bindings initialized (and before the pre &amp; post linking functions for the directives on
- *   this element). This is a good place to put initialization code for your controller.
- * * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way (`<`) or interpolation (`@`) bindings are updated. The
- *   `changesObj` is a hash whose keys are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an
- *   object of the form `{ currentValue, previousValue, isFirstChange() }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a
- *   component such as cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value.
- * * `$doCheck()` - Called on each turn of the digest cycle. Provides an opportunity to detect and act on
- *   changes. Any actions that you wish to take in response to the changes that you detect must be
- *   invoked from this hook; implementing this has no effect on when `$onChanges` is called. For example, this hook
- *   could be useful if you wish to perform a deep equality check, or to check a Date object, changes to which would not
- *   be detected by Angular's change detector and thus not trigger `$onChanges`. This hook is invoked with no arguments;
- *   if detecting changes, you must store the previous value(s) for comparison to the current values.
- * * `$onDestroy()` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
- *   external resources, watches and event handlers. Note that components have their `$onDestroy()` hooks called in
- *   the same order as the `$scope.$broadcast` events are triggered, which is top down. This means that parent
- *   components will have their `$onDestroy()` hook called before child components.
- * * `$postLink()` - Called after this controller's element and its children have been linked. Similar to the post-link
- *   function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
- *   Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
- *   they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
- *   suspended until that occurs.
- *
- * #### Comparison with Angular 2 life-cycle hooks
- * Angular 2 also uses life-cycle hooks for its components. While the Angular 1 life-cycle hooks are similar there are
- * some differences that you should be aware of, especially when it comes to moving your code from Angular 1 to Angular 2:
- *
- * * Angular 1 hooks are prefixed with `$`, such as `$onInit`. Angular 2 hooks are prefixed with `ng`, such as `ngOnInit`.
- * * Angular 1 hooks can be defined on the controller prototype or added to the controller inside its constructor.
- *   In Angular 2 you can only define hooks on the prototype of the Component class.
- * * Due to the differences in change-detection, you may get many more calls to `$doCheck` in Angular 1 than you would to
- *   `ngDoCheck` in Angular 2
- * * Changes to the model inside `$doCheck` will trigger new turns of the digest loop, which will cause the changes to be
- *   propagated throughout the application.
- *   Angular 2 does not allow the `ngDoCheck` hook to trigger a change outside of the component. It will either throw an
- *   error or do nothing depending upon the state of `enableProdMode()`.
- *
- * #### Life-cycle hook examples
- *
- * This example shows how you can check for mutations to a Date object even though the identity of the object
- * has not changed.
- *
- * <example name="doCheckDateExample" module="do-check-module">
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *     angular.module('do-check-module', [])
- *       .component('app', {
- *         template:
- *           'Month: <input ng-model="$ctrl.month" ng-change="$ctrl.updateDate()">' +
- *           'Date: {{ $ctrl.date }}' +
- *           '<test date="$ctrl.date"></test>',
- *         controller: function() {
- *           this.date = new Date();
- *           this.month = this.date.getMonth();
- *           this.updateDate = function() {
- *             this.date.setMonth(this.month);
- *           };
- *         }
- *       })
- *       .component('test', {
- *         bindings: { date: '<' },
- *         template:
- *           '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
- *         controller: function() {
- *           var previousValue;
- *           this.log = [];
- *           this.$doCheck = function() {
- *             var currentValue = this.date && this.date.valueOf();
- *             if (previousValue !== currentValue) {
- *               this.log.push('doCheck: date mutated: ' + this.date);
- *               previousValue = currentValue;
- *             }
- *           };
- *         }
- *       });
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <app></app>
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * This example show how you might use `$doCheck` to trigger changes in your component's inputs even if the
- * actual identity of the component doesn't change. (Be aware that cloning and deep equality checks on large
- * arrays or objects can have a negative impact on your application performance)
- *
- * <example name="doCheckArrayExample" module="do-check-module">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <div ng-init="items = []">
- *       <button ng-click="items.push(items.length)">Add Item</button>
- *       <button ng-click="items = []">Reset Items</button>
- *       <pre>{{ items }}</pre>
- *       <test items="items"></test>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *      angular.module('do-check-module', [])
- *        .component('test', {
- *          bindings: { items: '<' },
- *          template:
- *            '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
- *          controller: function() {
- *            this.log = [];
- *
- *            this.$doCheck = function() {
- *              if (this.items_ref !== this.items) {
- *                this.log.push('doCheck: items changed');
- *                this.items_ref = this.items;
- *              }
- *              if (!angular.equals(this.items_clone, this.items)) {
- *                this.log.push('doCheck: items mutated');
- *                this.items_clone = angular.copy(this.items);
- *              }
- *            };
- *          }
- *        });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- *
- * ### Directive Definition Object
- *
- * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link ng.$compile
- * compiler}. The attributes are:
- *
- * #### `multiElement`
- * When this property is set to true, the HTML compiler will collect DOM nodes between
- * nodes with the attributes `directive-name-start` and `directive-name-end`, and group them
- * together as the directive elements. It is recommended that this feature be used on directives
- * which are not strictly behavioral (such as {@link ngClick}), and which
- * do not manipulate or replace child nodes (such as {@link ngInclude}).
- *
- * #### `priority`
- * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
- * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
- * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
- * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
- * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
- * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
- *
- * #### `terminal`
- * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
- * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
- * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined). Note that expressions
- * and other directives used in the directive's template will also be excluded from execution.
- *
- * #### `scope`
- * The scope property can be `true`, an object or a falsy value:
- *
- * * **falsy:** No scope will be created for the directive. The directive will use its parent's scope.
- *
- * * **`true`:** A new child scope that prototypically inherits from its parent will be created for
- * the directive's element. If multiple directives on the same element request a new scope,
- * only one new scope is created. The new scope rule does not apply for the root of the template
- * since the root of the template always gets a new scope.
- *
- * * **`{...}` (an object hash):** A new "isolate" scope is created for the directive's element. The
- * 'isolate' scope differs from normal scope in that it does not prototypically inherit from its parent
- * scope. This is useful when creating reusable components, which should not accidentally read or modify
- * data in the parent scope.
- *
- * The 'isolate' scope object hash defines a set of local scope properties derived from attributes on the
- * directive's element. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for templates. The keys in
- * the object hash map to the name of the property on the isolate scope; the values define how the property
- * is bound to the parent scope, via matching attributes on the directive's element:
- *
- * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
- *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified then the
- *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name. Given `<my-component
- *   my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`,
- *   the directive's scope property `localName` will reflect the interpolated value of `hello
- *   {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the `localName` property on the directive's
- *   scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not the directive's scope).
- *
- * * `=` or `=attr` - set up a bidirectional binding between a local scope property and an expression
- *   passed via the attribute `attr`. The expression is evaluated in the context of the parent scope.
- *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local
- *   name. Given `<my-component my-attr="parentModel">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: {
- *   localModel: '=myAttr' }`, the property `localModel` on the directive's scope will reflect the
- *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Changes to `parentModel` will be reflected in
- *   `localModel` and vice versa. Optional attributes should be marked as such with a question mark:
- *   `=?` or `=?attr`. If the binding expression is non-assignable, or if the attribute isn't
- *   optional and doesn't exist, an exception ({@link error/$compile/nonassign `$compile:nonassign`})
- *   will be thrown upon discovering changes to the local value, since it will be impossible to sync
- *   them back to the parent scope. By default, the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch `$watch`}
- *   method is used for tracking changes, and the equality check is based on object identity.
- *   However, if an object literal or an array literal is passed as the binding expression, the
- *   equality check is done by value (using the {@link angular.equals} function). It's also possible
- *   to watch the evaluated value shallowly with {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
- *   `$watchCollection`}: use `=*` or `=*attr` (`=*?` or `=*?attr` if the attribute is optional).
- *
-  * * `<` or `<attr` - set up a one-way (one-directional) binding between a local scope property and an
- *   expression passed via the attribute `attr`. The expression is evaluated in the context of the
- *   parent scope. If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
- *   local name. You can also make the binding optional by adding `?`: `<?` or `<?attr`.
- *
- *   For example, given `<my-component my-attr="parentModel">` and directive definition of
- *   `scope: { localModel:'<myAttr' }`, then the isolated scope property `localModel` will reflect the
- *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
- *   in `localModel`, but changes in `localModel` will not reflect in `parentModel`. There are however
- *   two caveats:
- *     1. one-way binding does not copy the value from the parent to the isolate scope, it simply
- *     sets the same value. That means if your bound value is an object, changes to its properties
- *     in the isolated scope will be reflected in the parent scope (because both reference the same object).
- *     2. one-way binding watches changes to the **identity** of the parent value. That means the
- *     {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch `$watch`} on the parent value only fires if the reference
- *     to the value has changed. In most cases, this should not be of concern, but can be important
- *     to know if you one-way bind to an object, and then replace that object in the isolated scope.
- *     If you now change a property of the object in your parent scope, the change will not be
- *     propagated to the isolated scope, because the identity of the object on the parent scope
- *     has not changed. Instead you must assign a new object.
- *
- *   One-way binding is useful if you do not plan to propagate changes to your isolated scope bindings
- *   back to the parent. However, it does not make this completely impossible.
- *
- * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope. If
- *   no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
- *   Given `<my-component my-attr="count = count + value">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: {
- *   localFn:'&myAttr' }`, the isolate scope property `localFn` will point to a function wrapper for
- *   the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to pass data from the isolated scope
- *   via an expression to the parent scope. This can be done by passing a map of local variable names
- *   and values into the expression wrapper fn. For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)`
- *   then we can specify the amount value by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
- *
- * In general it's possible to apply more than one directive to one element, but there might be limitations
- * depending on the type of scope required by the directives. The following points will help explain these limitations.
- * For simplicity only two directives are taken into account, but it is also applicable for several directives:
- *
- * * **no scope** + **no scope** => Two directives which don't require their own scope will use their parent's scope
- * * **child scope** + **no scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
- * * **child scope** + **child scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
- * * **isolated scope** + **no scope** =>  The isolated directive will use it's own created isolated scope. The other directive will use
- * its parent's scope
- * * **isolated scope** + **child scope** =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives cannot
- * be applied to the same element.
- * * **isolated scope** + **isolated scope**  =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives
- * cannot be applied to the same element.
- *
- *
- * #### `bindToController`
- * This property is used to bind scope properties directly to the controller. It can be either
- * `true` or an object hash with the same format as the `scope` property. Additionally, a controller
- * alias must be set, either by using `controllerAs: 'myAlias'` or by specifying the alias in the controller
- * definition: `controller: 'myCtrl as myAlias'`.
- *
- * When an isolate scope is used for a directive (see above), `bindToController: true` will
- * allow a component to have its properties bound to the controller, rather than to scope.
- *
- * After the controller is instantiated, the initial values of the isolate scope bindings will be bound to the controller
- * properties. You can access these bindings once they have been initialized by providing a controller method called
- * `$onInit`, which is called after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and had their bindings
- * initialized.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Deprecation warning:** although bindings for non-ES6 class controllers are currently
- * bound to `this` before the controller constructor is called, this use is now deprecated. Please place initialization
- * code that relies upon bindings inside a `$onInit` method on the controller, instead.
- * </div>
- *
- * It is also possible to set `bindToController` to an object hash with the same format as the `scope` property.
- * This will set up the scope bindings to the controller directly. Note that `scope` can still be used
- * to define which kind of scope is created. By default, no scope is created. Use `scope: {}` to create an isolate
- * scope (useful for component directives).
- *
- * If both `bindToController` and `scope` are defined and have object hashes, `bindToController` overrides `scope`.
- *
- *
- * #### `controller`
- * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
- * pre-linking phase and can be accessed by other directives (see
- * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
- * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
- *
- * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
- * * `$element` - Current element
- * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
- * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope:
- *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement, slotName)`:
- *    * `scope`: (optional) override the scope.
- *    * `cloneLinkingFn`: (optional) argument to create clones of the original transcluded content.
- *    * `futureParentElement` (optional):
- *        * defines the parent to which the `cloneLinkingFn` will add the cloned elements.
- *        * default: `$element.parent()` resp. `$element` for `transclude:'element'` resp. `transclude:true`.
- *        * only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html elements (e.g. SVG elements)
- *          and when the `cloneLinkinFn` is passed,
- *          as those elements need to created and cloned in a special way when they are defined outside their
- *          usual containers (e.g. like `<svg>`).
- *        * See also the `directive.templateNamespace` property.
- *    * `slotName`: (optional) the name of the slot to transclude. If falsy (e.g. `null`, `undefined` or `''`)
- *      then the default translusion is provided.
- *    The `$transclude` function also has a method on it, `$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)`, which returns
- *    `true` if the specified slot contains content (i.e. one or more DOM nodes).
- *
- * #### `require`
- * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
- * `require` property can be a string, an array or an object:
- * * a **string** containing the name of the directive to pass to the linking function
- * * an **array** containing the names of directives to pass to the linking function. The argument passed to the
- * linking function will be an array of controllers in the same order as the names in the `require` property
- * * an **object** whose property values are the names of the directives to pass to the linking function. The argument
- * passed to the linking function will also be an object with matching keys, whose values will hold the corresponding
- * controllers.
- *
- * If the `require` property is an object and `bindToController` is truthy, then the required controllers are
- * bound to the controller using the keys of the `require` property. This binding occurs after all the controllers
- * have been constructed but before `$onInit` is called.
- * If the name of the required controller is the same as the local name (the key), the name can be
- * omitted. For example, `{parentDir: '^^'}` is equivalent to `{parentDir: '^^parentDir'}`.
- * See the {@link $compileProvider#component} helper for an example of how this can be used.
- * If no such required directive(s) can be found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is
- * raised (unless no link function is specified and the required controllers are not being bound to the directive
- * controller, in which case error checking is skipped). The name can be prefixed with:
- *
- * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
- * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
- * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents. Throw an error if not found.
- * * `^^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
- * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents or pass
- *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
- * * `?^^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents, or pass
- *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
- *
- *
- * #### `controllerAs`
- * Identifier name for a reference to the controller in the directive's scope.
- * This allows the controller to be referenced from the directive template. This is especially
- * useful when a directive is used as component, i.e. with an `isolate` scope. It's also possible
- * to use it in a directive without an `isolate` / `new` scope, but you need to be aware that the
- * `controllerAs` reference might overwrite a property that already exists on the parent scope.
- *
- *
- * #### `restrict`
- * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
- * declaration style. If omitted, the defaults (elements and attributes) are used.
- *
- * * `E` - Element name (default): `<my-directive></my-directive>`
- * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
- * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
- * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
- *
- *
- * #### `templateNamespace`
- * String representing the document type used by the markup in the template.
- * AngularJS needs this information as those elements need to be created and cloned
- * in a special way when they are defined outside their usual containers like `<svg>` and `<math>`.
- *
- * * `html` - All root nodes in the template are HTML. Root nodes may also be
- *   top-level elements such as `<svg>` or `<math>`.
- * * `svg` - The root nodes in the template are SVG elements (excluding `<math>`).
- * * `math` - The root nodes in the template are MathML elements (excluding `<svg>`).
- *
- * If no `templateNamespace` is specified, then the namespace is considered to be `html`.
- *
- * #### `template`
- * HTML markup that may:
- * * Replace the contents of the directive's element (default).
- * * Replace the directive's element itself (if `replace` is true - DEPRECATED).
- * * Wrap the contents of the directive's element (if `transclude` is true).
- *
- * Value may be:
- *
- * * A string. For example `<div red-on-hover>{{delete_str}}</div>`.
- * * A function which takes two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile`
- *   function api below) and returns a string value.
- *
- *
- * #### `templateUrl`
- * This is similar to `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL, asynchronously.
- *
- * Because template loading is asynchronous the compiler will suspend compilation of directives on that element
- * for later when the template has been resolved.  In the meantime it will continue to compile and link
- * sibling and parent elements as though this element had not contained any directives.
- *
- * The compiler does not suspend the entire compilation to wait for templates to be loaded because this
- * would result in the whole app "stalling" until all templates are loaded asynchronously - even in the
- * case when only one deeply nested directive has `templateUrl`.
- *
- * Template loading is asynchronous even if the template has been preloaded into the {@link $templateCache}
- *
- * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
- * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
- * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
- * $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
- *
- *
- * #### `replace` ([*DEPRECATED*!], will be removed in next major release - i.e. v2.0)
- * specify what the template should replace. Defaults to `false`.
- *
- * * `true` - the template will replace the directive's element.
- * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the directive's element.
- *
- * The replacement process migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new
- * one. See the {@link guide/directive#template-expanding-directive
- * Directives Guide} for an example.
- *
- * There are very few scenarios where element replacement is required for the application function,
- * the main one being reusable custom components that are used within SVG contexts
- * (because SVG doesn't work with custom elements in the DOM tree).
- *
- * #### `transclude`
- * Extract the contents of the element where the directive appears and make it available to the directive.
- * The contents are compiled and provided to the directive as a **transclusion function**. See the
- * {@link $compile#transclusion Transclusion} section below.
- *
- *
- * #### `compile`
- *
- * ```js
- *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
- * ```
+ * @name $location
  *
- * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
- * template transformation, it is not used often. The compile function takes the following arguments:
+ * @requires $rootElement
  *
- *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
- *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
+ * @description
+ * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
+ * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
+ * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
+ * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
  *
- *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
- *     between all directive compile functions.
+ * **The $location service:**
  *
- *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
+ * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
+ *   - Watch and observe the URL.
+ *   - Change the URL.
+ * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
+ *   - Changes the address bar.
+ *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
+ *   - Clicks on a link.
+ * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
- * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
- * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
- * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
- * </div>
+ * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
+ */
 
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** The compile function cannot handle directives that recursively use themselves in their
- * own templates or compile functions. Compiling these directives results in an infinite loop and
- * stack overflow errors.
- *
- * This can be avoided by manually using $compile in the postLink function to imperatively compile
- * a directive's template instead of relying on automatic template compilation via `template` or
- * `templateUrl` declaration or manual compilation inside the compile function.
- * </div>
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $locationProvider
+ * @this
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
- *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
- *   to the link function instead.
- * </div>
-
- * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
- *
- * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
- *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
- *
- * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
- *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
- *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
- *
- *
- * #### `link`
- * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
- *
- * ```js
- *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
- * ```
- *
- * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
- * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
- * put.
- *
- *   * `scope` - {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
- *     directive for registering {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watches}.
- *
- *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
- *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
- *     already been linked.
- *
- *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
- *     between all directive linking functions.
- *
- *   * `controller` - the directive's required controller instance(s) - Instances are shared
- *     among all directives, which allows the directives to use the controllers as a communication
- *     channel. The exact value depends on the directive's `require` property:
- *       * no controller(s) required: the directive's own controller, or `undefined` if it doesn't have one
- *       * `string`: the controller instance
- *       * `array`: array of controller instances
- *
- *     If a required controller cannot be found, and it is optional, the instance is `null`,
- *     otherwise the {@link error:$compile:ctreq Missing Required Controller} error is thrown.
- *
- *     Note that you can also require the directive's own controller - it will be made available like
- *     any other controller.
- *
- *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
- *     This is the same as the `$transclude` parameter of directive controllers,
- *     see {@link ng.$compile#-controller- the controller section for details}.
- *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
- *
- * #### Pre-linking function
- *
- * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
- * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
- *
- * #### Post-linking function
- *
- * Executed after the child elements are linked.
- *
- * Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled
- * and linked since they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own
- * compilation and linking has been suspended until that occurs.
- *
- * It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function on elements that are not waiting
- * for their async templates to be resolved.
- *
- *
- * ### Transclusion
- *
- * Transclusion is the process of extracting a collection of DOM elements from one part of the DOM and
- * copying them to another part of the DOM, while maintaining their connection to the original AngularJS
- * scope from where they were taken.
- *
- * Transclusion is used (often with {@link ngTransclude}) to insert the
- * original contents of a directive's element into a specified place in the template of the directive.
- * The benefit of transclusion, over simply moving the DOM elements manually, is that the transcluded
- * content has access to the properties on the scope from which it was taken, even if the directive
- * has isolated scope.
- * See the {@link guide/directive#creating-a-directive-that-wraps-other-elements Directives Guide}.
- *
- * This makes it possible for the widget to have private state for its template, while the transcluded
- * content has access to its originating scope.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** When testing an element transclude directive you must not place the directive at the root of the
- * DOM fragment that is being compiled. See {@link guide/unit-testing#testing-transclusion-directives
- * Testing Transclusion Directives}.
- * </div>
- *
- * There are three kinds of transclusion depending upon whether you want to transclude just the contents of the
- * directive's element, the entire element or multiple parts of the element contents:
- *
- * * `true` - transclude the content (i.e. the child nodes) of the directive's element.
- * * `'element'` - transclude the whole of the directive's element including any directives on this
- *   element that defined at a lower priority than this directive. When used, the `template`
- *   property is ignored.
- * * **`{...}` (an object hash):** - map elements of the content onto transclusion "slots" in the template.
- *
- * **Mult-slot transclusion** is declared by providing an object for the `transclude` property.
- *
- * This object is a map where the keys are the name of the slot to fill and the value is an element selector
- * used to match the HTML to the slot. The element selector should be in normalized form (e.g. `myElement`)
- * and will match the standard element variants (e.g. `my-element`, `my:element`, `data-my-element`, etc).
- *
- * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}
- *
- * If the element selector is prefixed with a `?` then that slot is optional.
- *
- * For example, the transclude object `{ slotA: '?myCustomElement' }` maps `<my-custom-element>` elements to
- * the `slotA` slot, which can be accessed via the `$transclude` function or via the {@link ngTransclude} directive.
- *
- * Slots that are not marked as optional (`?`) will trigger a compile time error if there are no matching elements
- * in the transclude content. If you wish to know if an optional slot was filled with content, then you can call
- * `$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)` on the transclude function passed to the directive's link function and
- * injectable into the directive's controller.
- *
- *
- * #### Transclusion Functions
- *
- * When a directive requests transclusion, the compiler extracts its contents and provides a **transclusion
- * function** to the directive's `link` function and `controller`. This transclusion function is a special
- * **linking function** that will return the compiled contents linked to a new transclusion scope.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * If you are just using {@link ngTransclude} then you don't need to worry about this function, since
- * ngTransclude will deal with it for us.
- * </div>
- *
- * If you want to manually control the insertion and removal of the transcluded content in your directive
- * then you must use this transclude function. When you call a transclude function it returns a a jqLite/JQuery
- * object that contains the compiled DOM, which is linked to the correct transclusion scope.
- *
- * When you call a transclusion function you can pass in a **clone attach function**. This function accepts
- * two parameters, `function(clone, scope) { ... }`, where the `clone` is a fresh compiled copy of your transcluded
- * content and the `scope` is the newly created transclusion scope, to which the clone is bound.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Best Practice**: Always provide a `cloneFn` (clone attach function) when you call a transclude function
- * since you then get a fresh clone of the original DOM and also have access to the new transclusion scope.
- * </div>
- *
- * It is normal practice to attach your transcluded content (`clone`) to the DOM inside your **clone
- * attach function**:
- *
- * ```js
- * var transcludedContent, transclusionScope;
- *
- * $transclude(function(clone, scope) {
- *   element.append(clone);
- *   transcludedContent = clone;
- *   transclusionScope = scope;
- * });
- * ```
- *
- * Later, if you want to remove the transcluded content from your DOM then you should also destroy the
- * associated transclusion scope:
- *
- * ```js
- * transcludedContent.remove();
- * transclusionScope.$destroy();
- * ```
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Best Practice**: if you intend to add and remove transcluded content manually in your directive
- * (by calling the transclude function to get the DOM and calling `element.remove()` to remove it),
- * then you are also responsible for calling `$destroy` on the transclusion scope.
- * </div>
- *
- * The built-in DOM manipulation directives, such as {@link ngIf}, {@link ngSwitch} and {@link ngRepeat}
- * automatically destroy their transcluded clones as necessary so you do not need to worry about this if
- * you are simply using {@link ngTransclude} to inject the transclusion into your directive.
- *
- *
- * #### Transclusion Scopes
- *
- * When you call a transclude function it returns a DOM fragment that is pre-bound to a **transclusion
- * scope**. This scope is special, in that it is a child of the directive's scope (and so gets destroyed
- * when the directive's scope gets destroyed) but it inherits the properties of the scope from which it
- * was taken.
- *
- * For example consider a directive that uses transclusion and isolated scope. The DOM hierarchy might look
- * like this:
- *
- * ```html
- * <div ng-app>
- *   <div isolate>
- *     <div transclusion>
- *     </div>
- *   </div>
- * </div>
- * ```
- *
- * The `$parent` scope hierarchy will look like this:
- *
-   ```
-   - $rootScope
-     - isolate
-       - transclusion
-   ```
- *
- * but the scopes will inherit prototypically from different scopes to their `$parent`.
- *
-   ```
-   - $rootScope
-     - transclusion
-   - isolate
-   ```
- *
- *
- * ### Attributes
- *
- * The {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
- * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
- *
- * * *Accessing normalized attribute names:* Directives like 'ngBind' can be expressed in many ways:
- *   'ng:bind', `data-ng-bind`, or 'x-ng-bind'. The attributes object allows for normalized access
- *   to the attributes.
- *
- * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
- *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
- *   communication.
- *
- * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
- *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
- *
- * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
- *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
- *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
- *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
- *
- * ```js
- * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
- *   // get the attribute value
- *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
- *
- *   // change the attribute
- *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
- *
- *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
- *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
- *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
- *   });
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * ## Example
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
- * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
- * </div>
- *
- <example module="compileExample">
-   <file name="index.html">
-    <script>
-      angular.module('compileExample', [], function($compileProvider) {
-        // configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
-        // factory function. The factory function injects the '$compile'
-        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
-          // directive factory creates a link function
-          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
-            scope.$watch(
-              function(scope) {
-                 // watch the 'compile' expression for changes
-                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
-              },
-              function(value) {
-                // when the 'compile' expression changes
-                // assign it into the current DOM
-                element.html(value);
-
-                // compile the new DOM and link it to the current
-                // scope.
-                // NOTE: we only compile .childNodes so that
-                // we don't get into infinite loop compiling ourselves
-                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
-              }
-            );
-          };
-        });
-      })
-      .controller('GreeterController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-        $scope.name = 'Angular';
-        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
-      }]);
-    </script>
-    <div ng-controller="GreeterController">
-      <input ng-model="name"> <br/>
-      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br/>
-      <div compile="html"></div>
-    </div>
-   </file>
-   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-     it('should auto compile', function() {
-       var textarea = $('textarea');
-       var output = $('div[compile]');
-       // The initial state reads 'Hello Angular'.
-       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Hello Angular');
-       textarea.clear();
-       textarea.sendKeys('{{name}}!');
-       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Angular!');
-     });
-   </file>
- </example>
-
- *
- *
- * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
- * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transclude function available to directives - DEPRECATED.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * **Note:** Passing a `transclude` function to the $compile function is deprecated, as it
- *   e.g. will not use the right outer scope. Please pass the transclude function as a
- *   `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to the link function instead.
- * </div>
- *
- * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower than given priority (Only effects the
- *                 root element(s), not their children)
- * @returns {function(scope, cloneAttachFn=, options=)} a link function which is used to bind template
- * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
- *
- *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
- *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
- *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
- *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
- *  called as: <br/> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
- *
- *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
- *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
- *
- *  * `options` - An optional object hash with linking options. If `options` is provided, then the following
- *  keys may be used to control linking behavior:
- *
- *      * `parentBoundTranscludeFn` - the transclude function made available to
- *        directives; if given, it will be passed through to the link functions of
- *        directives found in `element` during compilation.
- *      * `transcludeControllers` - an object hash with keys that map controller names
- *        to a hash with the key `instance`, which maps to the controller instance;
- *        if given, it will make the controllers available to directives on the compileNode:
- *        ```
- *        {
- *          parent: {
- *            instance: parentControllerInstance
- *          }
- *        }
- *        ```
- *      * `futureParentElement` - defines the parent to which the `cloneAttachFn` will add
- *        the cloned elements; only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html
- *        elements (e.g. SVG elements). See also the directive.controller property.
- *
- * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
- * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
- *
- * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to $digest which typically is done by
- * Angular automatically.
- *
- * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
- *
- * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
- *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
- *   ```js
- *     var element = $compile('<p>{{total}}</p>')(scope);
- *   ```
- *
- * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
- *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
- *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
- *   ```js
- *     var templateElement = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
- *         scope = ....;
- *
- *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateElement)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
- *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
- *     });
- *
- *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clonedElement`
- *   ```
- *
- *
- * For information on how the compiler works, see the
- * {@link guide/compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
- */
-
-var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
-
-function UNINITIALIZED_VALUE() {}
-var _UNINITIALIZED_VALUE = new UNINITIALIZED_VALUE();
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $compileProvider
- *
- * @description
- */
-$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
-function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
-  var hasDirectives = {},
-      Suffix = 'Directive',
-      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive\:\s*([\w\-]+)\s+(.*)$/,
-      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\w\-]+)(?:\:([^;]+))?;?)/,
-      ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS = makeMap('ngSrc,ngSrcset,src,srcset'),
-      REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(?:(\^\^?)?(\?)?(\^\^?)?)?/;
-
-  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
-  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
-  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
-  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;
-  var bindingCache = createMap();
-
-  function parseIsolateBindings(scope, directiveName, isController) {
-    var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@&<]|=(\*?))(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;
-
-    var bindings = createMap();
-
-    forEach(scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
-      if (definition in bindingCache) {
-        bindings[scopeName] = bindingCache[definition];
-        return;
-      }
-      var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP);
-
-      if (!match) {
-        throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
-            "Invalid {3} for directive '{0}'." +
-            " Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}",
-            directiveName, scopeName, definition,
-            (isController ? "controller bindings definition" :
-            "isolate scope definition"));
-      }
-
-      bindings[scopeName] = {
-        mode: match[1][0],
-        collection: match[2] === '*',
-        optional: match[3] === '?',
-        attrName: match[4] || scopeName
-      };
-      if (match[4]) {
-        bindingCache[definition] = bindings[scopeName];
-      }
-    });
-
-    return bindings;
-  }
-
-  function parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directiveName) {
-    var bindings = {
-      isolateScope: null,
-      bindToController: null
-    };
-    if (isObject(directive.scope)) {
-      if (directive.bindToController === true) {
-        bindings.bindToController = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
-                                                         directiveName, true);
-        bindings.isolateScope = {};
-      } else {
-        bindings.isolateScope = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
-                                                     directiveName, false);
-      }
-    }
-    if (isObject(directive.bindToController)) {
-      bindings.bindToController =
-          parseIsolateBindings(directive.bindToController, directiveName, true);
-    }
-    if (isObject(bindings.bindToController)) {
-      var controller = directive.controller;
-      var controllerAs = directive.controllerAs;
-      if (!controller) {
-        // There is no controller, there may or may not be a controllerAs property
-        throw $compileMinErr('noctrl',
-              "Cannot bind to controller without directive '{0}'s controller.",
-              directiveName);
-      } else if (!identifierForController(controller, controllerAs)) {
-        // There is a controller, but no identifier or controllerAs property
-        throw $compileMinErr('noident',
-              "Cannot bind to controller without identifier for directive '{0}'.",
-              directiveName);
-      }
-    }
-    return bindings;
-  }
-
-  function assertValidDirectiveName(name) {
-    var letter = name.charAt(0);
-    if (!letter || letter !== lowercase(letter)) {
-      throw $compileMinErr('baddir', "Directive/Component name '{0}' is invalid. The first character must be a lowercase letter", name);
-    }
-    if (name !== name.trim()) {
-      throw $compileMinErr('baddir',
-            "Directive/Component name '{0}' is invalid. The name should not contain leading or trailing whitespaces",
-            name);
-    }
-  }
-
-  function getDirectiveRequire(directive) {
-    var require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
-
-    if (!isArray(require) && isObject(require)) {
-      forEach(require, function(value, key) {
-        var match = value.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
-        var name = value.substring(match[0].length);
-        if (!name) require[key] = match[0] + key;
-      });
-    }
-
-    return require;
-  }
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
+ */
+function $LocationProvider() {
+  var hashPrefix = '!',
+      html5Mode = {
+        enabled: false,
+        requireBase: true,
+        rewriteLinks: true
+      };
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#directive
-   * @kind function
-   *
+   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
    * @description
-   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
-   *
-   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. <code>ngBind</code> which
-   *    will match as <code>ng-bind</code>), or an object map of directives where the keys are the
-   *    names and the values are the factories.
-   * @param {Function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See the
-   *    {@link guide/directive directive guide} and the {@link $compile compile API} for more info.
-   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
+   * The default value for the prefix is `'!'`.
+   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
    */
-  this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
-    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
-    if (isString(name)) {
-      assertValidDirectiveName(name);
-      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
-      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-        hasDirectives[name] = [];
-        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
-          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
-            var directives = [];
-            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
-              try {
-                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
-                if (isFunction(directive)) {
-                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
-                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
-                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
-                }
-                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
-                directive.index = index;
-                directive.name = directive.name || name;
-                directive.require = getDirectiveRequire(directive);
-                directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'EA';
-                directive.$$moduleName = directiveFactory.$$moduleName;
-                directives.push(directive);
-              } catch (e) {
-                $exceptionHandler(e);
-              }
-            });
-            return directives;
-          }]);
-      }
-      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
+  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
+    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
+      hashPrefix = prefix;
+      return this;
     } else {
-      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
+      return hashPrefix;
     }
-    return this;
   };
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#component
-   * @module ng
-   * @param {string} name Name of the component in camelCase (i.e. `myComp` which will match `<my-comp>`)
-   * @param {Object} options Component definition object (a simplified
-   *    {@link ng.$compile#directive-definition-object directive definition object}),
-   *    with the following properties (all optional):
-   *
-   *    - `controller` – `{(string|function()=}` – controller constructor function that should be
-   *      associated with newly created scope or the name of a {@link ng.$compile#-controller-
-   *      registered controller} if passed as a string. An empty `noop` function by default.
-   *    - `controllerAs` – `{string=}` – identifier name for to reference the controller in the component's scope.
-   *      If present, the controller will be published to scope under the `controllerAs` name.
-   *      If not present, this will default to be `$ctrl`.
-   *    - `template` – `{string=|function()=}` – html template as a string or a function that
-   *      returns an html template as a string which should be used as the contents of this component.
-   *      Empty string by default.
-   *
-   *      If `template` is a function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected} with
-   *      the following locals:
-   *
-   *      - `$element` - Current element
-   *      - `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
-   *
-   *    - `templateUrl` – `{string=|function()=}` – path or function that returns a path to an html
-   *      template that should be used  as the contents of this component.
-   *
-   *      If `templateUrl` is a function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected} with
-   *      the following locals:
-   *
-   *      - `$element` - Current element
-   *      - `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
-   *
-   *    - `bindings` – `{object=}` – defines bindings between DOM attributes and component properties.
-   *      Component properties are always bound to the component controller and not to the scope.
-   *      See {@link ng.$compile#-bindtocontroller- `bindToController`}.
-   *    - `transclude` – `{boolean=}` – whether {@link $compile#transclusion content transclusion} is enabled.
-   *      Disabled by default.
-   *    - `require` - `{Object<string, string>=}` - requires the controllers of other directives and binds them to
-   *      this component's controller. The object keys specify the property names under which the required
-   *      controllers (object values) will be bound. See {@link ng.$compile#-require- `require`}.
-   *    - `$...` – additional properties to attach to the directive factory function and the controller
-   *      constructor function. (This is used by the component router to annotate)
-   *
-   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} the compile provider itself, for chaining of function calls.
+   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
    * @description
-   * Register a **component definition** with the compiler. This is a shorthand for registering a special
-   * type of directive, which represents a self-contained UI component in your application. Such components
-   * are always isolated (i.e. `scope: {}`) and are always restricted to elements (i.e. `restrict: 'E'`).
-   *
-   * Component definitions are very simple and do not require as much configuration as defining general
-   * directives. Component definitions usually consist only of a template and a controller backing it.
-   *
-   * In order to make the definition easier, components enforce best practices like use of `controllerAs`,
-   * `bindToController`. They always have **isolate scope** and are restricted to elements.
-   *
-   * Here are a few examples of how you would usually define components:
-   *
-   * ```js
-   *   var myMod = angular.module(...);
-   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
-   *     template: '<div>My name is {{$ctrl.name}}</div>',
-   *     controller: function() {
-   *       this.name = 'shahar';
-   *     }
-   *   });
-   *
-   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
-   *     template: '<div>My name is {{$ctrl.name}}</div>',
-   *     bindings: {name: '@'}
-   *   });
-   *
-   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
-   *     templateUrl: 'views/my-comp.html',
-   *     controller: 'MyCtrl',
-   *     controllerAs: 'ctrl',
-   *     bindings: {name: '@'}
-   *   });
-   *
-   * ```
-   * For more examples, and an in-depth guide, see the {@link guide/component component guide}.
+   * @param {(boolean|Object)=} mode If boolean, sets `html5Mode.enabled` to value.
+   *   If object, sets `enabled`, `requireBase` and `rewriteLinks` to respective values. Supported
+   *   properties:
+   *   - **enabled** – `{boolean}` – (default: false) If true, will rely on `history.pushState` to
+   *     change urls where supported. Will fall back to hash-prefixed paths in browsers that do not
+   *     support `pushState`.
+   *   - **requireBase** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled, specifies
+   *     whether or not a <base> tag is required to be present. If `enabled` and `requireBase` are
+   *     true, and a base tag is not present, an error will be thrown when `$location` is injected.
+   *     See the {@link guide/$location $location guide for more information}
+   *   - **rewriteLinks** - `{boolean|string}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled,
+   *     enables/disables URL rewriting for relative links. If set to a string, URL rewriting will
+   *     only happen on links with an attribute that matches the given string. For example, if set
+   *     to `'internal-link'`, then the URL will only be rewritten for `<a internal-link>` links.
+   *     Note that [attribute name normalization](guide/directive#normalization) does not apply
+   *     here, so `'internalLink'` will **not** match `'internal-link'`.
    *
-   * <br />
-   * See also {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
+   * @returns {Object} html5Mode object if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
    */
-  this.component = function registerComponent(name, options) {
-    var controller = options.controller || function() {};
-
-    function factory($injector) {
-      function makeInjectable(fn) {
-        if (isFunction(fn) || isArray(fn)) {
-          return function(tElement, tAttrs) {
-            return $injector.invoke(fn, this, {$element: tElement, $attrs: tAttrs});
-          };
-        } else {
-          return fn;
-        }
-      }
-
-      var template = (!options.template && !options.templateUrl ? '' : options.template);
-      var ddo = {
-        controller: controller,
-        controllerAs: identifierForController(options.controller) || options.controllerAs || '$ctrl',
-        template: makeInjectable(template),
-        templateUrl: makeInjectable(options.templateUrl),
-        transclude: options.transclude,
-        scope: {},
-        bindToController: options.bindings || {},
-        restrict: 'E',
-        require: options.require
-      };
-
-      // Copy annotations (starting with $) over to the DDO
-      forEach(options, function(val, key) {
-        if (key.charAt(0) === '$') ddo[key] = val;
-      });
-
-      return ddo;
-    }
-
-    // TODO(pete) remove the following `forEach` before we release 1.6.0
-    // The component-router@0.2.0 looks for the annotations on the controller constructor
-    // Nothing in Angular looks for annotations on the factory function but we can't remove
-    // it from 1.5.x yet.
+  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
+    if (isBoolean(mode)) {
+      html5Mode.enabled = mode;
+      return this;
+    } else if (isObject(mode)) {
 
-    // Copy any annotation properties (starting with $) over to the factory and controller constructor functions
-    // These could be used by libraries such as the new component router
-    forEach(options, function(val, key) {
-      if (key.charAt(0) === '$') {
-        factory[key] = val;
-        // Don't try to copy over annotations to named controller
-        if (isFunction(controller)) controller[key] = val;
+      if (isBoolean(mode.enabled)) {
+        html5Mode.enabled = mode.enabled;
       }
-    });
-
-    factory.$inject = ['$injector'];
 
-    return this.directive(name, factory);
-  };
+      if (isBoolean(mode.requireBase)) {
+        html5Mode.requireBase = mode.requireBase;
+      }
 
+      if (isBoolean(mode.rewriteLinks) || isString(mode.rewriteLinks)) {
+        html5Mode.rewriteLinks = mode.rewriteLinks;
+      }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
-   *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at preventing XSS attacks via html links.
-   *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
-   *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
-   */
-  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
       return this;
     } else {
-      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist();
+      return html5Mode;
     }
   };
 
-
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
-   * @kind function
-   *
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
    * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   * Broadcasted before a URL will change.
    *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   * This change can be prevented by calling
+   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
+   * details about event object. Upon successful change
+   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
    *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
    *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
    */
-  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
-      return this;
-    } else {
-      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist();
-    }
-  };
 
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name  $compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} enabled update the debugInfoEnabled state if provided, otherwise just return the
-   * current debugInfoEnabled state
-   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   *
-   * @kind function
-   *
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
    * @description
-   * Call this method to enable/disable various debug runtime information in the compiler such as adding
-   * binding information and a reference to the current scope on to DOM elements.
-   * If enabled, the compiler will add the following to DOM elements that have been bound to the scope
-   * * `ng-binding` CSS class
-   * * `$binding` data property containing an array of the binding expressions
+   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
    *
-   * You may want to disable this in production for a significant performance boost. See
-   * {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Disabling Debug Data} for more.
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
    *
-   * The default value is true.
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
    */
-  var debugInfoEnabled = true;
-  this.debugInfoEnabled = function(enabled) {
-    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
-      debugInfoEnabled = enabled;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return debugInfoEnabled;
-  };
-
 
-  var TTL = 10;
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#onChangesTtl
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Sets the number of times `$onChanges` hooks can trigger new changes before giving up and
-   * assuming that the model is unstable.
-   *
-   * The current default is 10 iterations.
-   *
-   * In complex applications it's possible that dependencies between `$onChanges` hooks and bindings will result
-   * in several iterations of calls to these hooks. However if an application needs more than the default 10
-   * iterations to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to continuously change during
-   * the `$onChanges` hook execution.
-   *
-   * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without proper justification.
-   *
-   * @param {number} limit The number of `$onChanges` hook iterations.
-   * @returns {number|object} the current limit (or `this` if called as a setter for chaining)
-   */
-  this.onChangesTtl = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      TTL = value;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return TTL;
-  };
-
-  this.$get = [
-            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$templateRequest', '$parse',
-            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$sce', '$animate', '$$sanitizeUri',
-    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $templateRequest,   $parse,
-             $controller,   $rootScope,   $sce,   $animate,   $$sanitizeUri) {
-
-    var SIMPLE_ATTR_NAME = /^\w/;
-    var specialAttrHolder = window.document.createElement('div');
-
-
-
-    var onChangesTtl = TTL;
-    // The onChanges hooks should all be run together in a single digest
-    // When changes occur, the call to trigger their hooks will be added to this queue
-    var onChangesQueue;
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$window',
+      function($rootScope, $browser, $sniffer, $rootElement, $window) {
+    var $location,
+        LocationMode,
+        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
+        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
+        appBase;
 
-    // This function is called in a $$postDigest to trigger all the onChanges hooks in a single digest
-    function flushOnChangesQueue() {
-      try {
-        if (!(--onChangesTtl)) {
-          // We have hit the TTL limit so reset everything
-          onChangesQueue = undefined;
-          throw $compileMinErr('infchng', '{0} $onChanges() iterations reached. Aborting!\n', TTL);
-        }
-        // We must run this hook in an apply since the $$postDigest runs outside apply
-        $rootScope.$apply(function() {
-          var errors = [];
-          for (var i = 0, ii = onChangesQueue.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-            try {
-              onChangesQueue[i]();
-            } catch (e) {
-              errors.push(e);
-            }
-          }
-          // Reset the queue to trigger a new schedule next time there is a change
-          onChangesQueue = undefined;
-          if (errors.length) {
-            throw errors;
-          }
-        });
-      } finally {
-        onChangesTtl++;
+    if (html5Mode.enabled) {
+      if (!baseHref && html5Mode.requireBase) {
+        throw $locationMinErr('nobase',
+          '$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!');
       }
+      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
+      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
+    } else {
+      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
+      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
     }
+    var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
 
+    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, appBaseNoFile, '#' + hashPrefix);
+    $location.$$parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
 
-    function Attributes(element, attributesToCopy) {
-      if (attributesToCopy) {
-        var keys = Object.keys(attributesToCopy);
-        var i, l, key;
+    $location.$$state = $browser.state();
 
-        for (i = 0, l = keys.length; i < l; i++) {
-          key = keys[i];
-          this[key] = attributesToCopy[key];
-        }
-      } else {
-        this.$attr = {};
-      }
+    var IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
 
-      this.$$element = element;
+    // Determine if two URLs are equal despite potentially having different encoding/normalizing
+    //  such as $location.absUrl() vs $browser.url()
+    // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16592
+    function urlsEqual(a, b) {
+      return a === b || urlResolve(a).href === urlResolve(b).href;
     }
 
-    Attributes.prototype = {
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$normalize
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Converts an attribute name (e.g. dash/colon/underscore-delimited string, optionally prefixed with `x-` or
-       * `data-`) to its normalized, camelCase form.
-       *
-       * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
-       *
-       * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Name to normalize
-       */
-      $normalize: directiveNormalize,
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
-       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
-       *
-       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
-       */
-      $addClass: function(classVal) {
-        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
-          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
-        }
-      },
+    function setBrowserUrlWithFallback(url, replace, state) {
+      var oldUrl = $location.url();
+      var oldState = $location.$$state;
+      try {
+        $browser.url(url, replace, state);
 
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
-       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
-       *
-       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
-       */
-      $removeClass: function(classVal) {
-        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
-          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
-        }
-      },
+        // Make sure $location.state() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
+        // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
+        // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
+        $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Restore old values if pushState fails
+        $location.url(oldUrl);
+        $location.$$state = oldState;
 
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
-       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
-       *
-       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
-       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
-       */
-      $updateClass: function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
-        var toAdd = tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
-        if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
-          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, toAdd);
-        }
+        throw e;
+      }
+    }
 
-        var toRemove = tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
-        if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
-          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, toRemove);
-        }
-      },
+    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
+      var rewriteLinks = html5Mode.rewriteLinks;
+      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
+      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
 
-      /**
-       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
-       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
-       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
-       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
-       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
-       *     Defaults to true.
-       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
-       */
-      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
-        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
-        //is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
-        //become unstable.
-
-        var node = this.$$element[0],
-            booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(node, key),
-            aliasedKey = getAliasedAttrName(key),
-            observer = key,
-            nodeName;
-
-        if (booleanKey) {
-          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
-          attrName = booleanKey;
-        } else if (aliasedKey) {
-          this[aliasedKey] = value;
-          observer = aliasedKey;
-        }
+      if (!rewriteLinks || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey || event.which === 2 || event.button === 2) return;
 
-        this[key] = value;
+      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
 
-        // translate normalized key to actual key
-        if (attrName) {
-          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
-        } else {
-          attrName = this.$attr[key];
-          if (!attrName) {
-            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
-          }
-        }
+      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
+      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
+        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
+        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
+      }
 
-        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);
-
-        if ((nodeName === 'a' && (key === 'href' || key === 'xlinkHref')) ||
-            (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'src')) {
-          // sanitize a[href] and img[src] values
-          this[key] = value = $$sanitizeUri(value, key === 'src');
-        } else if (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'srcset' && isDefined(value)) {
-          // sanitize img[srcset] values
-          var result = "";
-
-          // first check if there are spaces because it's not the same pattern
-          var trimmedSrcset = trim(value);
-          //                (   999x   ,|   999w   ,|   ,|,   )
-          var srcPattern = /(\s+\d+x\s*,|\s+\d+w\s*,|\s+,|,\s+)/;
-          var pattern = /\s/.test(trimmedSrcset) ? srcPattern : /(,)/;
-
-          // split srcset into tuple of uri and descriptor except for the last item
-          var rawUris = trimmedSrcset.split(pattern);
-
-          // for each tuples
-          var nbrUrisWith2parts = Math.floor(rawUris.length / 2);
-          for (var i = 0; i < nbrUrisWith2parts; i++) {
-            var innerIdx = i * 2;
-            // sanitize the uri
-            result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(rawUris[innerIdx]), true);
-            // add the descriptor
-            result += (" " + trim(rawUris[innerIdx + 1]));
-          }
+      if (isString(rewriteLinks) && isUndefined(elm.attr(rewriteLinks))) return;
 
-          // split the last item into uri and descriptor
-          var lastTuple = trim(rawUris[i * 2]).split(/\s/);
+      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
+      // get the actual href attribute - see
+      // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
+      var relHref = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');
 
-          // sanitize the last uri
-          result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(lastTuple[0]), true);
+      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
+        // an animation.
+        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
+      }
 
-          // and add the last descriptor if any
-          if (lastTuple.length === 2) {
-            result += (" " + trim(lastTuple[1]));
-          }
-          this[key] = value = result;
-        }
+      // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
+      if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
 
-        if (writeAttr !== false) {
-          if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) {
-            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
-          } else {
-            if (SIMPLE_ATTR_NAME.test(attrName)) {
-              this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
-            } else {
-              setSpecialAttr(this.$$element[0], attrName, value);
-            }
+      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+        if ($location.$$parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
+          // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the AngularJS application,
+          // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
+          // getting double entries in the location history.
+          event.preventDefault();
+          // update location manually
+          if ($location.absUrl() !== $browser.url()) {
+            $rootScope.$apply();
           }
         }
-
-        // fire observers
-        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
-        $$observers && forEach($$observers[observer], function(fn) {
-          try {
-            fn(value);
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e);
-          }
-        });
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
-       *
-       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
-       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
-       * changes.
-       *
-       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
-       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
-                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
-       *        See the {@link guide/interpolation#how-text-and-attribute-bindings-work Interpolation
-       *        guide} for more info.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this observer.
-       */
-      $observe: function(key, fn) {
-        var attrs = this,
-            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = createMap())),
-            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));
-
-        listeners.push(fn);
-        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
-          if (!listeners.$$inter && attrs.hasOwnProperty(key) && !isUndefined(attrs[key])) {
-            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
-            fn(attrs[key]);
-          }
-        });
-
-        return function() {
-          arrayRemove(listeners, fn);
-        };
       }
-    };
+    });
 
-    function setSpecialAttr(element, attrName, value) {
-      // Attributes names that do not start with letters (such as `(click)`) cannot be set using `setAttribute`
-      // so we have to jump through some hoops to get such an attribute
-      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/13318
-      specialAttrHolder.innerHTML = "<span " + attrName + ">";
-      var attributes = specialAttrHolder.firstChild.attributes;
-      var attribute = attributes[0];
-      // We have to remove the attribute from its container element before we can add it to the destination element
-      attributes.removeNamedItem(attribute.name);
-      attribute.value = value;
-      element.attributes.setNamedItem(attribute);
-    }
 
-    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
-      try {
-        $element.addClass(className);
-      } catch (e) {
-        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
-        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
-      }
+    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
+    if ($location.absUrl() !== initialUrl) {
+      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
     }
 
+    var initializing = true;
 
-    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
-        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
-        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol == '{{' && endSymbol  == '}}')
-            ? identity
-            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
-              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
-        },
-        NG_ATTR_BINDING = /^ngAttr[A-Z]/;
-    var MULTI_ELEMENT_DIR_RE = /^(.+)Start$/;
-
-    compile.$$addBindingInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingInfo($element, binding) {
-      var bindings = $element.data('$binding') || [];
-
-      if (isArray(binding)) {
-        bindings = bindings.concat(binding);
-      } else {
-        bindings.push(binding);
-      }
-
-      $element.data('$binding', bindings);
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$addBindingClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingClass($element) {
-      safeAddClass($element, 'ng-binding');
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$addScopeInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeInfo($element, scope, isolated, noTemplate) {
-      var dataName = isolated ? (noTemplate ? '$isolateScopeNoTemplate' : '$isolateScope') : '$scope';
-      $element.data(dataName, scope);
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$addScopeClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeClass($element, isolated) {
-      safeAddClass($element, isolated ? 'ng-isolate-scope' : 'ng-scope');
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$createComment = function(directiveName, comment) {
-      var content = '';
-      if (debugInfoEnabled) {
-        content = ' ' + (directiveName || '') + ': ';
-        if (comment) content += comment + ' ';
-      }
-      return window.document.createComment(content);
-    };
-
-    return compile;
-
-    //================================
+    // update $location when $browser url changes
+    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl, newState) {
 
-    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
-                        previousCompileContext) {
-      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
-        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
-        // modify it.
-        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
+      if (!startsWith(newUrl, appBaseNoFile)) {
+        // If we are navigating outside of the app then force a reload
+        $window.location.href = newUrl;
+        return;
       }
 
-      var NOT_EMPTY = /\S+/;
-
-      // We can not compile top level text elements since text nodes can be merged and we will
-      // not be able to attach scope data to them, so we will wrap them in <span>
-      for (var i = 0, len = $compileNodes.length; i < len; i++) {
-        var domNode = $compileNodes[i];
-
-        if (domNode.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT && domNode.nodeValue.match(NOT_EMPTY) /* non-empty */) {
-          jqLiteWrapNode(domNode, $compileNodes[i] = window.document.createElement('span'));
-        }
-      }
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+        var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $location.$$state;
+        var defaultPrevented;
+        $location.$$parse(newUrl);
+        $location.$$state = newState;
 
-      var compositeLinkFn =
-              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
-                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
-      compile.$$addScopeClass($compileNodes);
-      var namespace = null;
-      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, options) {
-        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
-
-        if (previousCompileContext && previousCompileContext.needsNewScope) {
-          // A parent directive did a replace and a directive on this element asked
-          // for transclusion, which caused us to lose a layer of element on which
-          // we could hold the new transclusion scope, so we will create it manually
-          // here.
-          scope = scope.$parent.$new();
-        }
+        defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+            newState, oldState).defaultPrevented;
 
-        options = options || {};
-        var parentBoundTranscludeFn = options.parentBoundTranscludeFn,
-          transcludeControllers = options.transcludeControllers,
-          futureParentElement = options.futureParentElement;
-
-        // When `parentBoundTranscludeFn` is passed, it is a
-        // `controllersBoundTransclude` function (it was previously passed
-        // as `transclude` to directive.link) so we must unwrap it to get
-        // its `boundTranscludeFn`
-        if (parentBoundTranscludeFn && parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude) {
-          parentBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude;
-        }
+        // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+        // processing this location change
+        if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
 
-        if (!namespace) {
-          namespace = detectNamespaceForChildElements(futureParentElement);
-        }
-        var $linkNode;
-        if (namespace !== 'html') {
-          // When using a directive with replace:true and templateUrl the $compileNodes
-          // (or a child element inside of them)
-          // might change, so we need to recreate the namespace adapted compileNodes
-          // for call to the link function.
-          // Note: This will already clone the nodes...
-          $linkNode = jqLite(
-            wrapTemplate(namespace, jqLite('<div>').append($compileNodes).html())
-          );
-        } else if (cloneConnectFn) {
-          // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
-          // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
-          $linkNode = JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes);
+        if (defaultPrevented) {
+          $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+          $location.$$state = oldState;
+          setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, false, oldState);
         } else {
-          $linkNode = $compileNodes;
-        }
-
-        if (transcludeControllers) {
-          for (var controllerName in transcludeControllers) {
-            $linkNode.data('$' + controllerName + 'Controller', transcludeControllers[controllerName].instance);
-          }
+          initializing = false;
+          afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
         }
+      });
+      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
+    });
 
-        compile.$$addScopeInfo($linkNode, scope);
-
-        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
-        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
-        return $linkNode;
-      };
-    }
-
-    function detectNamespaceForChildElements(parentElement) {
-      // TODO: Make this detect MathML as well...
-      var node = parentElement && parentElement[0];
-      if (!node) {
-        return 'html';
-      } else {
-        return nodeName_(node) !== 'foreignobject' && toString.call(node).match(/SVG/) ? 'svg' : 'html';
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
-     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
-     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
-     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
-     *
-     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
-     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
-     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
-     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
-     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
-     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
-     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
-     * @returns {Function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
-     */
-    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
-                            previousCompileContext) {
-      var linkFns = [],
-          attrs, directives, nodeLinkFn, childNodes, childLinkFn, linkFnFound, nodeLinkFnFound;
+    // update browser
+    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
+      if (initializing || $location.$$urlUpdatedByLocation) {
+        $location.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = false;
 
-      for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
-        attrs = new Attributes();
+        var oldUrl = $browser.url();
+        var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $browser.state();
+        var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
+        var urlOrStateChanged = !urlsEqual(oldUrl, newUrl) ||
+          ($location.$$html5 && $sniffer.history && oldState !== $location.$$state);
 
-        // we must always refer to nodeList[i] since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
-        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
-                                        ignoreDirective);
+        if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
+          initializing = false;
 
-        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
-            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
-                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
-            : null;
+          $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+            var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+            var defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+                $location.$$state, oldState).defaultPrevented;
 
-        if (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.scope) {
-          compile.$$addScopeClass(attrs.$$element);
-        }
+            // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+            // processing this location change
+            if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
 
-        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
-                      !(childNodes = nodeList[i].childNodes) ||
-                      !childNodes.length)
-            ? null
-            : compileNodes(childNodes,
-                 nodeLinkFn ? (
-                  (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement || !nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement)
-                     && nodeLinkFn.transclude) : transcludeFn);
-
-        if (nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn) {
-          linkFns.push(i, nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn);
-          linkFnFound = true;
-          nodeLinkFnFound = nodeLinkFnFound || nodeLinkFn;
+            if (defaultPrevented) {
+              $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+              $location.$$state = oldState;
+            } else {
+              if (urlOrStateChanged) {
+                setBrowserUrlWithFallback(newUrl, currentReplace,
+                                          oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state);
+              }
+              afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+            }
+          });
         }
-
-        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
-        previousCompileContext = null;
       }
 
-      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
-      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;
+      $location.$$replace = false;
 
-      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
-        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, childScope, i, ii, idx, childBoundTranscludeFn;
-        var stableNodeList;
+      // we don't need to return anything because $evalAsync will make the digest loop dirty when
+      // there is a change
+    });
 
+    return $location;
 
-        if (nodeLinkFnFound) {
-          // copy nodeList so that if a nodeLinkFn removes or adds an element at this DOM level our
-          // offsets don't get screwed up
-          var nodeListLength = nodeList.length;
-          stableNodeList = new Array(nodeListLength);
+    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
+      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl,
+        $location.$$state, oldState);
+    }
+}];
+}
 
-          // create a sparse array by only copying the elements which have a linkFn
-          for (i = 0; i < linkFns.length; i+=3) {
-            idx = linkFns[i];
-            stableNodeList[idx] = nodeList[idx];
-          }
-        } else {
-          stableNodeList = nodeList;
-        }
-
-        for (i = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii;) {
-          node = stableNodeList[linkFns[i++]];
-          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
-          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
-
-          if (nodeLinkFn) {
-            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
-              childScope = scope.$new();
-              compile.$$addScopeInfo(jqLite(node), childScope);
-            } else {
-              childScope = scope;
-            }
-
-            if (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(
-                  scope, nodeLinkFn.transclude, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
-
-            } else if (!nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement && parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn;
-
-            } else if (!parentBoundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn);
-
-            } else {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = null;
-            }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $log
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
+ * into the browser's console (if present).
+ *
+ * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
+ *
+ * To reveal the location of the calls to `$log` in the JavaScript console,
+ * you can "blackbox" the AngularJS source in your browser:
+ *
+ * [Mozilla description of blackboxing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Debugger/How_to/Black_box_a_source).
+ * [Chrome description of blackboxing](https://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/blackboxing).
+ *
+ * Note: Not all browsers support blackboxing.
+ *
+ * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="logExample" name="log-service">
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('logExample', [])
+         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
+           $scope.$log = $log;
+           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="LogController">
+         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
+         <label>Message:
+         <input type="text" ng-model="message" /></label>
+         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.debug(message)">debug</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
 
-            nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $logProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
+ */
+function $LogProvider() {
+  var debug = true,
+      self = this;
 
-          } else if (childLinkFn) {
-            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
-          }
-        }
-      }
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
+   * @description
+   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
+    if (isDefined(flag)) {
+      debug = flag;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return debug;
     }
+  };
 
-    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn, previousBoundTranscludeFn) {
-      function boundTranscludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers, futureParentElement, containingScope) {
-
-        if (!transcludedScope) {
-          transcludedScope = scope.$new(false, containingScope);
-          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
-        }
-
-        return transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, {
-          parentBoundTranscludeFn: previousBoundTranscludeFn,
-          transcludeControllers: controllers,
-          futureParentElement: futureParentElement
-        });
-      }
+  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11, Edge 12-14+
+    // IE/Edge display errors in such a way that it requires the user to click in 4 places
+    // to see the stack trace. There is no way to feature-detect it so there's a chance
+    // of the user agent sniffing to go wrong but since it's only about logging, this shouldn't
+    // break apps. Other browsers display errors in a sensible way and some of them map stack
+    // traces along source maps if available so it makes sense to let browsers display it
+    // as they want.
+    var formatStackTrace = msie || /\bEdge\//.test($window.navigator && $window.navigator.userAgent);
 
-      // We need  to attach the transclusion slots onto the `boundTranscludeFn`
-      // so that they are available inside the `controllersBoundTransclude` function
-      var boundSlots = boundTranscludeFn.$$slots = createMap();
-      for (var slotName in transcludeFn.$$slots) {
-        if (transcludeFn.$$slots[slotName]) {
-          boundSlots[slotName] = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn.$$slots[slotName], previousBoundTranscludeFn);
-        } else {
-          boundSlots[slotName] = null;
-        }
-      }
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a log message
+       */
+      log: consoleLog('log'),
 
-      return boundTranscludeFn;
-    }
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#info
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an information message
+       */
+      info: consoleLog('info'),
 
-    /**
-     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
-     * sorted.
-     *
-     * @param node Node to search.
-     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
-     *        the function returns.
-     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
-     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
-     */
-    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
-      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
-          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
-          match,
-          className;
-
-      switch (nodeType) {
-        case NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: /* Element */
-          // use the node name: <directive>
-          addDirective(directives,
-              directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node)), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
-
-          // iterate over the attributes
-          for (var attr, name, nName, ngAttrName, value, isNgAttr, nAttrs = node.attributes,
-                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
-            var attrStartName = false;
-            var attrEndName = false;
-
-            attr = nAttrs[j];
-            name = attr.name;
-            value = trim(attr.value);
-
-            // support ngAttr attribute binding
-            ngAttrName = directiveNormalize(name);
-            if (isNgAttr = NG_ATTR_BINDING.test(ngAttrName)) {
-              name = name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, '')
-                .substr(8).replace(/_(.)/g, function(match, letter) {
-                  return letter.toUpperCase();
-                });
-            }
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#warn
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a warning message
+       */
+      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
 
-            var multiElementMatch = ngAttrName.match(MULTI_ELEMENT_DIR_RE);
-            if (multiElementMatch && directiveIsMultiElement(multiElementMatch[1])) {
-              attrStartName = name;
-              attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
-              name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
-            }
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#error
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an error message
+       */
+      error: consoleLog('error'),
 
-            nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
-            attrsMap[nName] = name;
-            if (isNgAttr || !attrs.hasOwnProperty(nName)) {
-                attrs[nName] = value;
-                if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
-                  attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
-                }
-            }
-            addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName, isNgAttr);
-            addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
-                          attrEndName);
-          }
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#debug
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a debug message
+       */
+      debug: (function() {
+        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
 
-          // use class as directive
-          className = node.className;
-          if (isObject(className)) {
-              // Maybe SVGAnimatedString
-              className = className.animVal;
-          }
-          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
-            while (match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className)) {
-              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
-              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
-                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
-              }
-              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        case NODE_TYPE_TEXT: /* Text Node */
-          if (msie === 11) {
-            // Workaround for #11781
-            while (node.parentNode && node.nextSibling && node.nextSibling.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT) {
-              node.nodeValue = node.nodeValue + node.nextSibling.nodeValue;
-              node.parentNode.removeChild(node.nextSibling);
-            }
+        return function() {
+          if (debug) {
+            fn.apply(self, arguments);
           }
-          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
-          break;
-        case NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: /* Comment */
-          collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
-          break;
-      }
-
-      directives.sort(byPriority);
-      return directives;
-    }
+        };
+      })()
+    };
 
-    function collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
-      // function created because of performance, try/catch disables
-      // the optimization of the whole function #14848
-      try {
-        var match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
-        if (match) {
-          var nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
-          if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
-            attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
-          }
+    function formatError(arg) {
+      if (isError(arg)) {
+        if (arg.stack && formatStackTrace) {
+          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
+              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
+              : arg.stack;
+        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
+          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
         }
-      } catch (e) {
-        // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
-        // comment's node value.
-        // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
-     * directive-end.
-     * @param node
-     * @param attrStart
-     * @param attrEnd
-     * @returns {*}
-     */
-    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
-      var nodes = [];
-      var depth = 0;
-      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
-        do {
-          if (!node) {
-            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
-                      "Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.",
-                      attrStart, attrEnd);
-          }
-          if (node.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
-            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
-            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
-          }
-          nodes.push(node);
-          node = node.nextSibling;
-        } while (depth > 0);
-      } else {
-        nodes.push(node);
       }
-
-      return jqLite(nodes);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
-     * linking function.
-     * @param linkFn
-     * @param attrStart
-     * @param attrEnd
-     * @returns {Function}
-     */
-    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
-      return function groupedElementsLink(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
-        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
-        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
-      };
+      return arg;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * A function generator that is used to support both eager and lazy compilation
-     * linking function.
-     * @param eager
-     * @param $compileNodes
-     * @param transcludeFn
-     * @param maxPriority
-     * @param ignoreDirective
-     * @param previousCompileContext
-     * @returns {Function}
-     */
-    function compilationGenerator(eager, $compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext) {
-      var compiled;
-
-      if (eager) {
-        return compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
-      }
-      return function lazyCompilation() {
-        if (!compiled) {
-          compiled = compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+    function consoleLog(type) {
+      var console = $window.console || {},
+          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop;
 
-          // Null out all of these references in order to make them eligible for garbage collection
-          // since this is a potentially long lived closure
-          $compileNodes = transcludeFn = previousCompileContext = null;
-        }
-        return compiled.apply(this, arguments);
+      return function() {
+        var args = [];
+        forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
+          args.push(formatError(arg));
+        });
+        // Support: IE 9 only
+        // console methods don't inherit from Function.prototype in IE 9 so we can't
+        // call `logFn.apply(console, args)` directly.
+        return Function.prototype.apply.call(logFn, console, args);
       };
     }
+  }];
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
-     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
-     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
-     *
-     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
-     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
-     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
-     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
-     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
-     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
-     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
-     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
-     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
-     *                              on it.
-     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
-     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
-     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
-     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
-     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
-     *                                        node
-     * @returns {Function} linkFn
-     */
-    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
-                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
-                                   previousCompileContext) {
-      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};
-
-      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
-          newScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newScopeDirective,
-          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
-          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
-          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
-          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
-          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
-          hasTemplate = false,
-          hasElementTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective,
-          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
-          directive,
-          directiveName,
-          $template,
-          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
-          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
-          linkFn,
-          didScanForMultipleTransclusion = false,
-          mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError = false,
-          directiveValue;
-
-      // executes all directives on the current element
-      for (var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        directive = directives[i];
-        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
-        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;
-
-        // collect multiblock sections
-        if (attrStart) {
-          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
-        }
-        $template = undefined;
-
-        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
-          break; // prevent further processing of directives
-        }
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-        if (directiveValue = directive.scope) {
-
-          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
-          // directive when the template arrives
-          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
-            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
-              // This directive is trying to add an isolated scope.
-              // Check that there is no scope of any kind already
-              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective,
-                                directive, $compileNode);
-              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
-            } else {
-              // This directive is trying to add a child scope.
-              // Check that there is no isolated scope already
-              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
-                                $compileNode);
-            }
-          }
+var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
 
-          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;
-        }
+var objectValueOf = {}.constructor.prototype.valueOf;
 
-        directiveName = directive.name;
-
-        // If we encounter a condition that can result in transclusion on the directive,
-        // then scan ahead in the remaining directives for others that may cause a multiple
-        // transclusion error to be thrown during the compilation process.  If a matching directive
-        // is found, then we know that when we encounter a transcluded directive, we need to eagerly
-        // compile the `transclude` function rather than doing it lazily in order to throw
-        // exceptions at the correct time
-        if (!didScanForMultipleTransclusion && ((directive.replace && (directive.templateUrl || directive.template))
-            || (directive.transclude && !directive.$$tlb))) {
-                var candidateDirective;
-
-                for (var scanningIndex = i + 1; candidateDirective = directives[scanningIndex++];) {
-                    if ((candidateDirective.transclude && !candidateDirective.$$tlb)
-                        || (candidateDirective.replace && (candidateDirective.templateUrl || candidateDirective.template))) {
-                        mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
+// Sandboxing AngularJS Expressions
+// ------------------------------
+// AngularJS expressions are no longer sandboxed. So it is now even easier to access arbitrary JS code by
+// various means such as obtaining a reference to native JS functions like the Function constructor.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following AngularJS expression:
+//
+//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
+//
+// It is important to realize that if you create an expression from a string that contains user provided
+// content then it is possible that your application contains a security vulnerability to an XSS style attack.
+//
+// See https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/security
 
-                didScanForMultipleTransclusion = true;
-        }
 
-        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
-          directiveValue = directive.controller;
-          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || createMap();
-          assertNoDuplicate("'" + directiveName + "' controller",
-              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
-          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
-        }
+function getStringValue(name) {
+  // Property names must be strings. This means that non-string objects cannot be used
+  // as keys in an object. Any non-string object, including a number, is typecasted
+  // into a string via the toString method.
+  // -- MDN, https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_accessors#Property_names
+  //
+  // So, to ensure that we are checking the same `name` that JavaScript would use, we cast it
+  // to a string. It's not always possible. If `name` is an object and its `toString` method is
+  // 'broken' (doesn't return a string, isn't a function, etc.), an error will be thrown:
+  //
+  // TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value
+  //
+  // For performance reasons, we don't catch this error here and allow it to propagate up the call
+  // stack. Note that you'll get the same error in JavaScript if you try to access a property using
+  // such a 'broken' object as a key.
+  return name + '';
+}
 
-        if (directiveValue = directive.transclude) {
-          hasTranscludeDirective = true;
 
-          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
-          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to safely handle element transclusion,
-          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
-          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
-            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
-            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
-          }
+var OPERATORS = createMap();
+forEach('+ - * / % === !== == != < > <= >= && || ! = |'.split(' '), function(operator) { OPERATORS[operator] = true; });
+var ESCAPE = {'n':'\n', 'f':'\f', 'r':'\r', 't':'\t', 'v':'\v', '\'':'\'', '"':'"'};
 
-          if (directiveValue == 'element') {
-            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
-            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
-            $template = $compileNode;
-            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
-                jqLite(compile.$$createComment(directiveName, templateAttrs[directiveName]));
-            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
-            replaceWith(jqCollection, sliceArgs($template), compileNode);
-
-            // Support: Chrome < 50
-            // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14041
-
-            // In the versions of V8 prior to Chrome 50, the document fragment that is created
-            // in the `replaceWith` function is improperly garbage collected despite still
-            // being referenced by the `parentNode` property of all of the child nodes.  By adding
-            // a reference to the fragment via a different property, we can avoid that incorrect
-            // behavior.
-            // TODO: remove this line after Chrome 50 has been released
-            $template[0].$$parentNode = $template[0].parentNode;
-
-            childTranscludeFn = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, $template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
-                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
-                                          // Don't pass in:
-                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
-                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
-                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
-                                          //
-                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
-                                          // on the same element more than once.
-                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
-                                        });
-          } else {
 
-            var slots = createMap();
+/////////////////////////////////////////
 
-            $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
 
-            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Lexer = function Lexer(options) {
+  this.options = options;
+};
 
-              // We have transclusion slots,
-              // collect them up, compile them and store their transclusion functions
-              $template = [];
+Lexer.prototype = {
+  constructor: Lexer,
 
-              var slotMap = createMap();
-              var filledSlots = createMap();
+  lex: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.index = 0;
+    this.tokens = [];
 
-              // Parse the element selectors
-              forEach(directiveValue, function(elementSelector, slotName) {
-                // If an element selector starts with a ? then it is optional
-                var optional = (elementSelector.charAt(0) === '?');
-                elementSelector = optional ? elementSelector.substring(1) : elementSelector;
-
-                slotMap[elementSelector] = slotName;
-
-                // We explicitly assign `null` since this implies that a slot was defined but not filled.
-                // Later when calling boundTransclusion functions with a slot name we only error if the
-                // slot is `undefined`
-                slots[slotName] = null;
-
-                // filledSlots contains `true` for all slots that are either optional or have been
-                // filled. This is used to check that we have not missed any required slots
-                filledSlots[slotName] = optional;
-              });
-
-              // Add the matching elements into their slot
-              forEach($compileNode.contents(), function(node) {
-                var slotName = slotMap[directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node))];
-                if (slotName) {
-                  filledSlots[slotName] = true;
-                  slots[slotName] = slots[slotName] || [];
-                  slots[slotName].push(node);
-                } else {
-                  $template.push(node);
-                }
-              });
-
-              // Check for required slots that were not filled
-              forEach(filledSlots, function(filled, slotName) {
-                if (!filled) {
-                  throw $compileMinErr('reqslot', 'Required transclusion slot `{0}` was not filled.', slotName);
-                }
-              });
-
-              for (var slotName in slots) {
-                if (slots[slotName]) {
-                  // Only define a transclusion function if the slot was filled
-                  slots[slotName] = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, slots[slotName], transcludeFn);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-
-            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
-            childTranscludeFn = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, $template, transcludeFn, undefined,
-                undefined, { needsNewScope: directive.$$isolateScope || directive.$$newScope});
-            childTranscludeFn.$$slots = slots;
-          }
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (ch === '"' || ch === '\'') {
+        this.readString(ch);
+      } else if (this.isNumber(ch) || ch === '.' && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
+        this.readNumber();
+      } else if (this.isIdentifierStart(this.peekMultichar())) {
+        this.readIdent();
+      } else if (this.is(ch, '(){}[].,;:?')) {
+        this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch});
+        this.index++;
+      } else if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
+        this.index++;
+      } else {
+        var ch2 = ch + this.peek();
+        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
+        var op1 = OPERATORS[ch];
+        var op2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
+        var op3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
+        if (op1 || op2 || op3) {
+          var token = op3 ? ch3 : (op2 ? ch2 : ch);
+          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: token, operator: true});
+          this.index += token.length;
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
         }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.tokens;
+  },
 
-        if (directive.template) {
-          hasTemplate = true;
-          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
-          templateDirective = directive;
-
-          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
-              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
-              : directive.template;
+  is: function(ch, chars) {
+    return chars.indexOf(ch) !== -1;
+  },
 
-          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);
+  peek: function(i) {
+    var num = i || 1;
+    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
+  },
 
-          if (directive.replace) {
-            replaceDirective = directive;
-            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(directiveValue)) {
-              $template = [];
-            } else {
-              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(directive.templateNamespace, trim(directiveValue)));
-            }
-            compileNode = $template[0];
+  isNumber: function(ch) {
+    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') && typeof ch === 'string';
+  },
 
-            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
-              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
-                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
-                  directiveName, '');
-            }
+  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
+    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
+    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
+            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
+  },
 
-            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);
+  isIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
+    return this.options.isIdentifierStart ?
+        this.options.isIdentifierStart(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
+        this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch);
+  },
 
-            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+  isValidIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
+    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
+            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
+            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
+  },
 
-            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
-            // - take the array of directives for this element
-            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
-            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
-            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
-            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
-            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));
+  isIdentifierContinue: function(ch) {
+    return this.options.isIdentifierContinue ?
+        this.options.isIdentifierContinue(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
+        this.isValidIdentifierContinue(ch);
+  },
 
-            if (newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective) {
-              // The original directive caused the current element to be replaced but this element
-              // also needs to have a new scope, so we need to tell the template directives
-              // that they would need to get their scope from further up, if they require transclusion
-              markDirectiveScope(templateDirectives, newIsolateScopeDirective, newScopeDirective);
-            }
-            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
-            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);
+  isValidIdentifierContinue: function(ch, cp) {
+    return this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch, cp) || this.isNumber(ch);
+  },
 
-            ii = directives.length;
-          } else {
-            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
-          }
-        }
+  codePointAt: function(ch) {
+    if (ch.length === 1) return ch.charCodeAt(0);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+    return (ch.charCodeAt(0) << 10) + ch.charCodeAt(1) - 0x35FDC00;
+  },
 
-        if (directive.templateUrl) {
-          hasTemplate = true;
-          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
-          templateDirective = directive;
+  peekMultichar: function() {
+    var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+    var peek = this.peek();
+    if (!peek) {
+      return ch;
+    }
+    var cp1 = ch.charCodeAt(0);
+    var cp2 = peek.charCodeAt(0);
+    if (cp1 >= 0xD800 && cp1 <= 0xDBFF && cp2 >= 0xDC00 && cp2 <= 0xDFFF) {
+      return ch + peek;
+    }
+    return ch;
+  },
 
-          if (directive.replace) {
-            replaceDirective = directive;
-          }
+  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
+    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
+  },
 
-          /* jshint -W021 */
-          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
-          /* jshint +W021 */
-              templateAttrs, jqCollection, hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
-                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
-                newScopeDirective: (newScopeDirective !== directive) && newScopeDirective,
-                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
-                templateDirective: templateDirective,
-                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
-              });
-          ii = directives.length;
-        } else if (directive.compile) {
-          try {
-            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
-            var context = directive.$$originalDirective || directive;
-            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
-              addLinkFns(null, bind(context, linkFn), attrStart, attrEnd);
-            } else if (linkFn) {
-              addLinkFns(bind(context, linkFn.pre), bind(context, linkFn.post), attrStart, attrEnd);
-            }
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
-          }
-        }
+  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
+    end = end || this.index;
+    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
+            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
+            : ' ' + end);
+    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
+        error, colStr, this.text);
+  },
 
-        if (directive.terminal) {
-          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
-          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
+  readNumber: function() {
+    var number = '';
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
+      if (ch === '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
+        number += ch;
+      } else {
+        var peekCh = this.peek();
+        if (ch === 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) === 'e') {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) === 'e') {
+          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
+        } else {
+          break;
         }
-
       }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: number,
+      constant: true,
+      value: Number(number)
+    });
+  },
 
-      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
-      nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement = hasTranscludeDirective;
-      nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement = hasTemplate;
-      nodeLinkFn.transclude = childTranscludeFn;
-
-      previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective = hasElementTranscludeDirective;
-
-      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
-      return nodeLinkFn;
-
-      ////////////////////
-
-      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
-        if (pre) {
-          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
-          pre.require = directive.require;
-          pre.directiveName = directiveName;
-          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
-            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
-          }
-          preLinkFns.push(pre);
-        }
-        if (post) {
-          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
-          post.require = directive.require;
-          post.directiveName = directiveName;
-          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
-            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
-          }
-          postLinkFns.push(post);
-        }
+  readIdent: function() {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index += this.peekMultichar().length;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.peekMultichar();
+      if (!this.isIdentifierContinue(ch)) {
+        break;
       }
+      this.index += ch.length;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: this.text.slice(start, this.index),
+      identifier: true
+    });
+  },
 
-      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
-        var i, ii, linkFn, isolateScope, controllerScope, elementControllers, transcludeFn, $element,
-            attrs, scopeBindingInfo;
-
-        if (compileNode === linkNode) {
-          attrs = templateAttrs;
-          $element = templateAttrs.$$element;
+  readString: function(quote) {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index++;
+    var string = '';
+    var rawString = quote;
+    var escape = false;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      rawString += ch;
+      if (escape) {
+        if (ch === 'u') {
+          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
+          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i)) {
+            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
+          }
+          this.index += 4;
+          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
         } else {
-          $element = jqLite(linkNode);
-          attrs = new Attributes($element, templateAttrs);
-        }
-
-        controllerScope = scope;
-        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
-          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);
-        } else if (newScopeDirective) {
-          controllerScope = scope.$parent;
+          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
+          string = string + (rep || ch);
         }
+        escape = false;
+      } else if (ch === '\\') {
+        escape = true;
+      } else if (ch === quote) {
+        this.index++;
+        this.tokens.push({
+          index: start,
+          text: rawString,
+          constant: true,
+          value: string
+        });
+        return;
+      } else {
+        string += ch;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
+  }
+};
 
-        if (boundTranscludeFn) {
-          // track `boundTranscludeFn` so it can be unwrapped if `transcludeFn`
-          // is later passed as `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to `publicLinkFn`
-          transcludeFn = controllersBoundTransclude;
-          transcludeFn.$$boundTransclude = boundTranscludeFn;
-          // expose the slots on the `$transclude` function
-          transcludeFn.isSlotFilled = function(slotName) {
-            return !!boundTranscludeFn.$$slots[slotName];
-          };
-        }
+var AST = function AST(lexer, options) {
+  this.lexer = lexer;
+  this.options = options;
+};
 
-        if (controllerDirectives) {
-          elementControllers = setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope, newIsolateScopeDirective);
-        }
+AST.Program = 'Program';
+AST.ExpressionStatement = 'ExpressionStatement';
+AST.AssignmentExpression = 'AssignmentExpression';
+AST.ConditionalExpression = 'ConditionalExpression';
+AST.LogicalExpression = 'LogicalExpression';
+AST.BinaryExpression = 'BinaryExpression';
+AST.UnaryExpression = 'UnaryExpression';
+AST.CallExpression = 'CallExpression';
+AST.MemberExpression = 'MemberExpression';
+AST.Identifier = 'Identifier';
+AST.Literal = 'Literal';
+AST.ArrayExpression = 'ArrayExpression';
+AST.Property = 'Property';
+AST.ObjectExpression = 'ObjectExpression';
+AST.ThisExpression = 'ThisExpression';
+AST.LocalsExpression = 'LocalsExpression';
 
-        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
-          // Initialize isolate scope bindings for new isolate scope directive.
-          compile.$$addScopeInfo($element, isolateScope, true, !(templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective ||
-              templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)));
-          compile.$$addScopeClass($element, true);
-          isolateScope.$$isolateBindings =
-              newIsolateScopeDirective.$$isolateBindings;
-          scopeBindingInfo = initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, isolateScope,
-                                        isolateScope.$$isolateBindings,
-                                        newIsolateScopeDirective);
-          if (scopeBindingInfo.removeWatches) {
-            isolateScope.$on('$destroy', scopeBindingInfo.removeWatches);
-          }
-        }
+// Internal use only
+AST.NGValueParameter = 'NGValueParameter';
 
-        // Initialize bindToController bindings
-        for (var name in elementControllers) {
-          var controllerDirective = controllerDirectives[name];
-          var controller = elementControllers[name];
-          var bindings = controllerDirective.$$bindings.bindToController;
+AST.prototype = {
+  ast: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
 
-          if (controller.identifier && bindings) {
-            controller.bindingInfo =
-              initializeDirectiveBindings(controllerScope, attrs, controller.instance, bindings, controllerDirective);
-          } else {
-            controller.bindingInfo = {};
-          }
+    var value = this.program();
 
-          var controllerResult = controller();
-          if (controllerResult !== controller.instance) {
-            // If the controller constructor has a return value, overwrite the instance
-            // from setupControllers
-            controller.instance = controllerResult;
-            $element.data('$' + controllerDirective.name + 'Controller', controllerResult);
-            controller.bindingInfo.removeWatches && controller.bindingInfo.removeWatches();
-            controller.bindingInfo =
-              initializeDirectiveBindings(controllerScope, attrs, controller.instance, bindings, controllerDirective);
-          }
-        }
+    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
+      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
+    }
 
-        // Bind the required controllers to the controller, if `require` is an object and `bindToController` is truthy
-        forEach(controllerDirectives, function(controllerDirective, name) {
-          var require = controllerDirective.require;
-          if (controllerDirective.bindToController && !isArray(require) && isObject(require)) {
-            extend(elementControllers[name].instance, getControllers(name, require, $element, elementControllers));
-          }
-        });
+    return value;
+  },
 
-        // Handle the init and destroy lifecycle hooks on all controllers that have them
-        forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
-          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onChanges)) {
-            try {
-              controllerInstance.$onChanges(controller.bindingInfo.initialChanges);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onInit)) {
-            try {
-              controllerInstance.$onInit();
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$doCheck)) {
-            controllerScope.$watch(function() { controllerInstance.$doCheck(); });
-            controllerInstance.$doCheck();
-          }
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onDestroy)) {
-            controllerScope.$on('$destroy', function callOnDestroyHook() {
-              controllerInstance.$onDestroy();
-            });
-          }
-        });
-
-        // PRELINKING
-        for (i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
-          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
-              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
-              $element,
-              attrs,
-              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
-              transcludeFn
-          );
-        }
-
-        // RECURSION
-        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
-        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
-        var scopeToChild = scope;
-        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
-          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
-        }
-        childLinkFn && childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);
-
-        // POSTLINKING
-        for (i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-          linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
-          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
-              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
-              $element,
-              attrs,
-              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
-              transcludeFn
-          );
-        }
-
-        // Trigger $postLink lifecycle hooks
-        forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
-          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$postLink)) {
-            controllerInstance.$postLink();
-          }
-        });
-
-        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
-        // Note: all arguments are optional!
-        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn, futureParentElement, slotName) {
-          var transcludeControllers;
-          // No scope passed in:
-          if (!isScope(scope)) {
-            slotName = futureParentElement;
-            futureParentElement = cloneAttachFn;
-            cloneAttachFn = scope;
-            scope = undefined;
-          }
-
-          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
-            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
-          }
-          if (!futureParentElement) {
-            futureParentElement = hasElementTranscludeDirective ? $element.parent() : $element;
-          }
-          if (slotName) {
-            // slotTranscludeFn can be one of three things:
-            //  * a transclude function - a filled slot
-            //  * `null` - an optional slot that was not filled
-            //  * `undefined` - a slot that was not declared (i.e. invalid)
-            var slotTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn.$$slots[slotName];
-            if (slotTranscludeFn) {
-              return slotTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
-            } else if (isUndefined(slotTranscludeFn)) {
-              throw $compileMinErr('noslot',
-               'No parent directive that requires a transclusion with slot name "{0}". ' +
-               'Element: {1}',
-               slotName, startingTag($element));
-            }
-          } else {
-            return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
-          }
-        }
+  program: function() {
+    var body = [];
+    while (true) {
+      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
+        body.push(this.expressionStatement());
+      if (!this.expect(';')) {
+        return { type: AST.Program, body: body};
       }
     }
+  },
 
-    function getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers) {
-      var value;
+  expressionStatement: function() {
+    return { type: AST.ExpressionStatement, expression: this.filterChain() };
+  },
 
-      if (isString(require)) {
-        var match = require.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
-        var name = require.substring(match[0].length);
-        var inheritType = match[1] || match[3];
-        var optional = match[2] === '?';
-
-        //If only parents then start at the parent element
-        if (inheritType === '^^') {
-          $element = $element.parent();
-        //Otherwise attempt getting the controller from elementControllers in case
-        //the element is transcluded (and has no data) and to avoid .data if possible
-        } else {
-          value = elementControllers && elementControllers[name];
-          value = value && value.instance;
-        }
+  filterChain: function() {
+    var left = this.expression();
+    while (this.expect('|')) {
+      left = this.filter(left);
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-        if (!value) {
-          var dataName = '$' + name + 'Controller';
-          value = inheritType ? $element.inheritedData(dataName) : $element.data(dataName);
-        }
+  expression: function() {
+    return this.assignment();
+  },
 
-        if (!value && !optional) {
-          throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
-              "Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!",
-              name, directiveName);
-        }
-      } else if (isArray(require)) {
-        value = [];
-        for (var i = 0, ii = require.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          value[i] = getControllers(directiveName, require[i], $element, elementControllers);
-        }
-      } else if (isObject(require)) {
-        value = {};
-        forEach(require, function(controller, property) {
-          value[property] = getControllers(directiveName, controller, $element, elementControllers);
-        });
+  assignment: function() {
+    var result = this.ternary();
+    if (this.expect('=')) {
+      if (!isAssignable(result)) {
+        throw $parseMinErr('lval', 'Trying to assign a value to a non l-value');
       }
 
-      return value || null;
+      result = { type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: result, right: this.assignment(), operator: '='};
     }
+    return result;
+  },
 
-    function setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope, newIsolateScopeDirective) {
-      var elementControllers = createMap();
-      for (var controllerKey in controllerDirectives) {
-        var directive = controllerDirectives[controllerKey];
-        var locals = {
-          $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
-          $element: $element,
-          $attrs: attrs,
-          $transclude: transcludeFn
-        };
-
-        var controller = directive.controller;
-        if (controller == '@') {
-          controller = attrs[directive.name];
-        }
-
-        var controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals, true, directive.controllerAs);
-
-        // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment.
-        // In this case .data will not attach any data.
-        // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
-        // later, once we have the actual element.
-        elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
-        $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance.instance);
+  ternary: function() {
+    var test = this.logicalOR();
+    var alternate;
+    var consequent;
+    if (this.expect('?')) {
+      alternate = this.expression();
+      if (this.consume(':')) {
+        consequent = this.expression();
+        return { type: AST.ConditionalExpression, test: test, alternate: alternate, consequent: consequent};
       }
-      return elementControllers;
     }
+    return test;
+  },
 
-    // Depending upon the context in which a directive finds itself it might need to have a new isolated
-    // or child scope created. For instance:
-    // * if the directive has been pulled into a template because another directive with a higher priority
-    // asked for element transclusion
-    // * if the directive itself asks for transclusion but it is at the root of a template and the original
-    // element was replaced. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/12936
-    function markDirectiveScope(directives, isolateScope, newScope) {
-      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
-        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: isolateScope, $$newScope: newScope});
-      }
+  logicalOR: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalAND();
+    while (this.expect('||')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '||', left: left, right: this.logicalAND() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
-     * call this the boundDirective.
-     *
-     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
-     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
-     *   String containing any of theses characters:
-     *
-     *   * `E`: element name
-     *   * `A': attribute
-     *   * `C`: class
-     *   * `M`: comment
-     * @returns {boolean} true if directive was added.
-     */
-    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
-                          endAttrName) {
-      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
-      var match = null;
-      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
-            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          try {
-            directive = directives[i];
-            if ((isUndefined(maxPriority) || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
-                 directive.restrict.indexOf(location) != -1) {
-              if (startAttrName) {
-                directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
-              }
-              if (!directive.$$bindings) {
-                var bindings = directive.$$bindings =
-                    parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directive.name);
-                if (isObject(bindings.isolateScope)) {
-                  directive.$$isolateBindings = bindings.isolateScope;
-                }
-              }
-              tDirectives.push(directive);
-              match = directive;
-            }
-          } catch (e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }
-        }
-      }
-      return match;
+  logicalAND: function() {
+    var left = this.equality();
+    while (this.expect('&&')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '&&', left: left, right: this.equality()};
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-
-    /**
-     * looks up the directive and returns true if it is a multi-element directive,
-     * and therefore requires DOM nodes between -start and -end markers to be grouped
-     * together.
-     *
-     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
-     * @returns true if directive was registered as multi-element.
-     */
-    function directiveIsMultiElement(name) {
-      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
-            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          directive = directives[i];
-          if (directive.multiElement) {
-            return true;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return false;
+  equality: function() {
+    var left = this.relational();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.relational() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
-     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
-     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
-     *
-     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
-     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
-     */
-    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
-      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
-          dstAttr = dst.$attr,
-          $element = dst.$$element;
-
-      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
-      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
-        if (key.charAt(0) != '$') {
-          if (src[key] && src[key] !== value) {
-            value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
-          }
-          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
-        }
-      });
-
-      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
-      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
-        // Check if we already set this attribute in the loop above.
-        // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
-        // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
-        // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
-        if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.charAt(0) !== '$') {
-          dst[key] = value;
-
-          if (key !== 'class' && key !== 'style') {
-            dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
-          }
-        }
-      });
+  relational: function() {
+    var left = this.additive();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.additive() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-
-    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
-        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
-      var linkQueue = [],
-          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
-          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
-          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
-          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
-          derivedSyncDirective = inherit(origAsyncDirective, {
-            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
-          }),
-          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
-              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
-              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl,
-          templateNamespace = origAsyncDirective.templateNamespace;
-
-      $compileNode.empty();
-
-      $templateRequest(templateUrl)
-        .then(function(content) {
-          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;
-
-          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);
-
-          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
-            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(content)) {
-              $template = [];
-            } else {
-              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(templateNamespace, trim(content)));
-            }
-            compileNode = $template[0];
-
-            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
-              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
-                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
-                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
-            }
-
-            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
-            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
-            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);
-
-            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
-              // the original directive that caused the template to be loaded async required
-              // an isolate scope
-              markDirectiveScope(templateDirectives, true);
-            }
-            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
-            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
-          } else {
-            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
-            $compileNode.html(content);
-          }
-
-          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);
-
-          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
-              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
-              previousCompileContext);
-          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
-            if (node == compileNode) {
-              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
-            }
-          });
-          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);
-
-          while (linkQueue.length) {
-            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
-                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
-                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
-                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
-                linkNode = $compileNode[0];
-
-            if (scope.$$destroyed) continue;
-
-            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
-              var oldClasses = beforeTemplateLinkNode.className;
-
-              if (!(previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective &&
-                  origAsyncDirective.replace)) {
-                // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
-                linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
-              }
-              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);
-
-              // Copy in CSS classes from original node
-              safeAddClass(jqLite(linkNode), oldClasses);
-            }
-            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
-            } else {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
-            }
-            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
-              childBoundTranscludeFn);
-          }
-          linkQueue = null;
-        });
-
-      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
-        var childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
-        if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
-        if (linkQueue) {
-          linkQueue.push(scope,
-                         node,
-                         rootElement,
-                         childBoundTranscludeFn);
-        } else {
-          if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
-            childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
-          }
-          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
-        }
-      };
+  additive: function() {
+    var left = this.multiplicative();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.multiplicative() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-
-    /**
-     * Sorting function for bound directives.
-     */
-    function byPriority(a, b) {
-      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
-      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
-      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
-      return a.index - b.index;
+  multiplicative: function() {
+    var left = this.unary();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.unary() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
-
-      function wrapModuleNameIfDefined(moduleName) {
-        return moduleName ?
-          (' (module: ' + moduleName + ')') :
-          '';
-      }
-
-      if (previousDirective) {
-        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}{1}, {2}{3}] asking for {4} on: {5}',
-            previousDirective.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(previousDirective.$$moduleName),
-            directive.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(directive.$$moduleName), what, startingTag(element));
-      }
+  unary: function() {
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('+', '-', '!'))) {
+      return { type: AST.UnaryExpression, operator: token.text, prefix: true, argument: this.unary() };
+    } else {
+      return this.primary();
     }
+  },
 
-
-    function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
-      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
-      if (interpolateFn) {
-        directives.push({
-          priority: 0,
-          compile: function textInterpolateCompileFn(templateNode) {
-            var templateNodeParent = templateNode.parent(),
-                hasCompileParent = !!templateNodeParent.length;
-
-            // When transcluding a template that has bindings in the root
-            // we don't have a parent and thus need to add the class during linking fn.
-            if (hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(templateNodeParent);
-
-            return function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
-              var parent = node.parent();
-              if (!hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(parent);
-              compile.$$addBindingInfo(parent, interpolateFn.expressions);
-              scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
-                node[0].nodeValue = value;
-              });
-            };
-          }
-        });
-      }
+  primary: function() {
+    var primary;
+    if (this.expect('(')) {
+      primary = this.filterChain();
+      this.consume(')');
+    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
+      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
+    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
+      primary = this.object();
+    } else if (this.selfReferential.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
+      primary = copy(this.selfReferential[this.consume().text]);
+    } else if (this.options.literals.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
+      primary = { type: AST.Literal, value: this.options.literals[this.consume().text]};
+    } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+      primary = this.identifier();
+    } else if (this.peek().constant) {
+      primary = this.constant();
+    } else {
+      this.throwError('not a primary expression', this.peek());
     }
 
-
-    function wrapTemplate(type, template) {
-      type = lowercase(type || 'html');
-      switch (type) {
-      case 'svg':
-      case 'math':
-        var wrapper = window.document.createElement('div');
-        wrapper.innerHTML = '<' + type + '>' + template + '</' + type + '>';
-        return wrapper.childNodes[0].childNodes;
-      default:
-        return template;
+    var next;
+    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
+      if (next.text === '(') {
+        primary = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: primary, arguments: this.parseArguments() };
+        this.consume(')');
+      } else if (next.text === '[') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.expression(), computed: true };
+        this.consume(']');
+      } else if (next.text === '.') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.identifier(), computed: false };
+      } else {
+        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
       }
     }
+    return primary;
+  },
 
+  filter: function(baseExpression) {
+    var args = [baseExpression];
+    var result = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: this.identifier(), arguments: args, filter: true};
 
-    function getTrustedContext(node, attrNormalizedName) {
-      if (attrNormalizedName == "srcdoc") {
-        return $sce.HTML;
-      }
-      var tag = nodeName_(node);
-      // maction[xlink:href] can source SVG.  It's not limited to <maction>.
-      if (attrNormalizedName == "xlinkHref" ||
-          (tag == "form" && attrNormalizedName == "action") ||
-          (tag != "img" && (attrNormalizedName == "src" ||
-                            attrNormalizedName == "ngSrc"))) {
-        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
-      }
+    while (this.expect(':')) {
+      args.push(this.expression());
     }
 
+    return result;
+  },
 
-    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name, allOrNothing) {
-      var trustedContext = getTrustedContext(node, name);
-      allOrNothing = ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS[name] || allOrNothing;
-
-      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
-
-      // no interpolation found -> ignore
-      if (!interpolateFn) return;
-
-
-      if (name === "multiple" && nodeName_(node) === "select") {
-        throw $compileMinErr("selmulti",
-            "Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}",
-            startingTag(node));
-      }
-
-      directives.push({
-        priority: 100,
-        compile: function() {
-            return {
-              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
-                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = createMap()));
+  parseArguments: function() {
+    var args = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
+      do {
+        args.push(this.filterChain());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    return args;
+  },
 
-                if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
-                  throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents',
-                      "Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the " +
-                          "ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.");
-                }
+  identifier: function() {
+    var token = this.consume();
+    if (!token.identifier) {
+      this.throwError('is not a valid identifier', token);
+    }
+    return { type: AST.Identifier, name: token.text };
+  },
 
-                // If the attribute has changed since last $interpolate()ed
-                var newValue = attr[name];
-                if (newValue !== value) {
-                  // we need to interpolate again since the attribute value has been updated
-                  // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
-                  // ensure unset/empty values make interpolateFn falsy
-                  interpolateFn = newValue && $interpolate(newValue, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
-                  value = newValue;
-                }
+  constant: function() {
+    // TODO check that it is a constant
+    return { type: AST.Literal, value: this.consume().value };
+  },
 
-                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
-                // register any observers
-                if (!interpolateFn) return;
-
-                // initialize attr object so that it's ready in case we need the value for isolate
-                // scope initialization, otherwise the value would not be available from isolate
-                // directive's linking fn during linking phase
-                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);
-
-                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
-                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
-                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
-                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
-                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
-                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
-                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
-                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
-                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
-                    if (name === 'class' && newValue != oldValue) {
-                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
-                    } else {
-                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
-                    }
-                  });
-              }
-            };
-          }
-      });
+  arrayDeclaration: function() {
+    var elements = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek(']')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        elements.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
     }
+    this.consume(']');
 
+    return { type: AST.ArrayExpression, elements: elements };
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
-     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
-     *
-     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
-     *                               in the root of the tree.
-     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
-     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
-     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
-     */
-    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
-      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
-          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
-          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
-          i, ii;
-
-      if ($rootElement) {
-        for (i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          if ($rootElement[i] == firstElementToRemove) {
-            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
-            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
-                     jj = $rootElement.length;
-                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
-              if (j2 < jj) {
-                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
-              } else {
-                delete $rootElement[j];
-              }
-            }
-            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
-
-            // If the replaced element is also the jQuery .context then replace it
-            // .context is a deprecated jQuery api, so we should set it only when jQuery set it
-            // http://api.jquery.com/context/
-            if ($rootElement.context === firstElementToRemove) {
-              $rootElement.context = newNode;
-            }
-            break;
+  object: function() {
+    var properties = [], property;
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek('}')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        property = {type: AST.Property, kind: 'init'};
+        if (this.peek().constant) {
+          property.key = this.constant();
+          property.computed = false;
+          this.consume(':');
+          property.value = this.expression();
+        } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+          property.key = this.identifier();
+          property.computed = false;
+          if (this.peek(':')) {
+            this.consume(':');
+            property.value = this.expression();
+          } else {
+            property.value = property.key;
           }
+        } else if (this.peek('[')) {
+          this.consume('[');
+          property.key = this.expression();
+          this.consume(']');
+          property.computed = true;
+          this.consume(':');
+          property.value = this.expression();
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('invalid key', this.peek());
         }
-      }
-
-      if (parent) {
-        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
-      }
-
-      // Append all the `elementsToRemove` to a fragment. This will...
-      // - remove them from the DOM
-      // - allow them to still be traversed with .nextSibling
-      // - allow a single fragment.qSA to fetch all elements being removed
-      var fragment = window.document.createDocumentFragment();
-      for (i = 0; i < removeCount; i++) {
-        fragment.appendChild(elementsToRemove[i]);
-      }
-
-      if (jqLite.hasData(firstElementToRemove)) {
-        // Copy over user data (that includes Angular's $scope etc.). Don't copy private
-        // data here because there's no public interface in jQuery to do that and copying over
-        // event listeners (which is the main use of private data) wouldn't work anyway.
-        jqLite.data(newNode, jqLite.data(firstElementToRemove));
+        properties.push(property);
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume('}');
 
-        // Remove $destroy event listeners from `firstElementToRemove`
-        jqLite(firstElementToRemove).off('$destroy');
-      }
+    return {type: AST.ObjectExpression, properties: properties };
+  },
 
-      // Cleanup any data/listeners on the elements and children.
-      // This includes invoking the $destroy event on any elements with listeners.
-      jqLite.cleanData(fragment.querySelectorAll('*'));
+  throwError: function(msg, token) {
+    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
+        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
+          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
+  },
 
-      // Update the jqLite collection to only contain the `newNode`
-      for (i = 1; i < removeCount; i++) {
-        delete elementsToRemove[i];
-      }
-      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
-      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
+  consume: function(e1) {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
     }
 
+    var token = this.expect(e1);
+    if (!token) {
+      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
+    }
+    return token;
+  },
 
-    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
-      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
+  peekToken: function() {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
     }
+    return this.tokens[0];
+  },
 
+  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    return this.peekAhead(0, e1, e2, e3, e4);
+  },
 
-    function invokeLinkFn(linkFn, scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
-      try {
-        linkFn(scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
-      } catch (e) {
-        $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
+  peekAhead: function(i, e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    if (this.tokens.length > i) {
+      var token = this.tokens[i];
+      var t = token.text;
+      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
+          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
+        return token;
       }
     }
+    return false;
+  },
 
+  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
+    if (token) {
+      this.tokens.shift();
+      return token;
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
 
-    // Set up $watches for isolate scope and controller bindings. This process
-    // only occurs for isolate scopes and new scopes with controllerAs.
-    function initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, destination, bindings, directive) {
-      var removeWatchCollection = [];
-      var initialChanges = {};
-      var changes;
-      forEach(bindings, function initializeBinding(definition, scopeName) {
-        var attrName = definition.attrName,
-        optional = definition.optional,
-        mode = definition.mode, // @, =, <, or &
-        lastValue,
-        parentGet, parentSet, compare, removeWatch;
-
-        switch (mode) {
-
-          case '@':
-            if (!optional && !hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
-              destination[scopeName] = attrs[attrName] = void 0;
-            }
-            attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
-              if (isString(value) || isBoolean(value)) {
-                var oldValue = destination[scopeName];
-                recordChanges(scopeName, value, oldValue);
-                destination[scopeName] = value;
-              }
-            });
-            attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
-            lastValue = attrs[attrName];
-            if (isString(lastValue)) {
-              // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
-              // the value is there for use in the link fn
-              destination[scopeName] = $interpolate(lastValue)(scope);
-            } else if (isBoolean(lastValue)) {
-              // If the attributes is one of the BOOLEAN_ATTR then Angular will have converted
-              // the value to boolean rather than a string, so we special case this situation
-              destination[scopeName] = lastValue;
-            }
-            initialChanges[scopeName] = new SimpleChange(_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, destination[scopeName]);
-            break;
-
-          case '=':
-            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
-              if (optional) break;
-              attrs[attrName] = void 0;
-            }
-            if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) break;
-
-            parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
-            if (parentGet.literal) {
-              compare = equals;
-            } else {
-              compare = function simpleCompare(a, b) { return a === b || (a !== a && b !== b); };
-            }
-            parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
-              // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
-              lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
-              throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
-                  "Expression '{0}' in attribute '{1}' used with directive '{2}' is non-assignable!",
-                  attrs[attrName], attrName, directive.name);
-            };
-            lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
-            var parentValueWatch = function parentValueWatch(parentValue) {
-              if (!compare(parentValue, destination[scopeName])) {
-                // we are out of sync and need to copy
-                if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
-                  // parent changed and it has precedence
-                  destination[scopeName] = parentValue;
-                } else {
-                  // if the parent can be assigned then do so
-                  parentSet(scope, parentValue = destination[scopeName]);
-                }
-              }
-              return lastValue = parentValue;
-            };
-            parentValueWatch.$stateful = true;
-            if (definition.collection) {
-              removeWatch = scope.$watchCollection(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch);
-            } else {
-              removeWatch = scope.$watch($parse(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch), null, parentGet.literal);
-            }
-            removeWatchCollection.push(removeWatch);
-            break;
-
-          case '<':
-            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
-              if (optional) break;
-              attrs[attrName] = void 0;
-            }
-            if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) break;
-
-            parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
-
-            var initialValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
-            initialChanges[scopeName] = new SimpleChange(_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, destination[scopeName]);
-
-            removeWatch = scope.$watch(parentGet, function parentValueWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
-              if (oldValue === newValue) {
-                if (oldValue === initialValue) return;
-                oldValue = initialValue;
-              }
-              recordChanges(scopeName, newValue, oldValue);
-              destination[scopeName] = newValue;
-            }, parentGet.literal);
-
-            removeWatchCollection.push(removeWatch);
-            break;
-
-          case '&':
-            // Don't assign Object.prototype method to scope
-            parentGet = attrs.hasOwnProperty(attrName) ? $parse(attrs[attrName]) : noop;
-
-            // Don't assign noop to destination if expression is not valid
-            if (parentGet === noop && optional) break;
-
-            destination[scopeName] = function(locals) {
-              return parentGet(scope, locals);
-            };
-            break;
-        }
-      });
-
-      function recordChanges(key, currentValue, previousValue) {
-        if (isFunction(destination.$onChanges) && currentValue !== previousValue) {
-          // If we have not already scheduled the top level onChangesQueue handler then do so now
-          if (!onChangesQueue) {
-            scope.$$postDigest(flushOnChangesQueue);
-            onChangesQueue = [];
-          }
-          // If we have not already queued a trigger of onChanges for this controller then do so now
-          if (!changes) {
-            changes = {};
-            onChangesQueue.push(triggerOnChangesHook);
-          }
-          // If the has been a change on this property already then we need to reuse the previous value
-          if (changes[key]) {
-            previousValue = changes[key].previousValue;
-          }
-          // Store this change
-          changes[key] = new SimpleChange(previousValue, currentValue);
-        }
-      }
-
-      function triggerOnChangesHook() {
-        destination.$onChanges(changes);
-        // Now clear the changes so that we schedule onChanges when more changes arrive
-        changes = undefined;
-      }
+  selfReferential: {
+    'this': {type: AST.ThisExpression },
+    '$locals': {type: AST.LocalsExpression }
+  }
+};
 
-      return {
-        initialChanges: initialChanges,
-        removeWatches: removeWatchCollection.length && function removeWatches() {
-          for (var i = 0, ii = removeWatchCollection.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-            removeWatchCollection[i]();
-          }
-        }
-      };
-    }
-  }];
+function ifDefined(v, d) {
+  return typeof v !== 'undefined' ? v : d;
 }
 
-function SimpleChange(previous, current) {
-  this.previousValue = previous;
-  this.currentValue = current;
+function plusFn(l, r) {
+  if (typeof l === 'undefined') return r;
+  if (typeof r === 'undefined') return l;
+  return l + r;
 }
-SimpleChange.prototype.isFirstChange = function() { return this.previousValue === _UNINITIALIZED_VALUE; };
-
 
-var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^((?:x|data)[\:\-_])/i;
-/**
- * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
- * @param name Name to normalize
- */
-function directiveNormalize(name) {
-  return camelCase(name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, ''));
+function isStateless($filter, filterName) {
+  var fn = $filter(filterName);
+  return !fn.$stateful;
 }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name $compile.directive.Attributes
- *
- * @description
- * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
- * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
- * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in Angular:
- *
- * ```
- *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
- * ```
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc property
- * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
- *
- * @description
- * A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
- * needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc method
- * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$set
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Set DOM element attribute value.
- *
- *
- * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
- *          reverse-translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
- *          property to the original name.
- * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
- */
-
-
+var PURITY_ABSOLUTE = 1;
+var PURITY_RELATIVE = 2;
 
-/**
- * Closure compiler type information
- */
+// Detect nodes which could depend on non-shallow state of objects
+function isPure(node, parentIsPure) {
+  switch (node.type) {
+    // Computed members might invoke a stateful toString()
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      if (node.computed) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
 
-function nodesetLinkingFn(
-  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
-  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
-  /* Element */ rootElement,
-  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
-) {}
-
-function directiveLinkingFn(
-  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
-  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
-  /* Node */ node,
-  /* Element */ rootElement,
-  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
-) {}
-
-function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
-  var values = '',
-      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
-      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);
-
-  outer:
-  for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
-    var token = tokens1[i];
-    for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
-      if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
-    }
-    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
-  }
-  return values;
-}
+    // Unary always convert to primative
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      return PURITY_ABSOLUTE;
 
-function removeComments(jqNodes) {
-  jqNodes = jqLite(jqNodes);
-  var i = jqNodes.length;
+    // The binary + operator can invoke a stateful toString().
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      return node.operator !== '+' ? PURITY_ABSOLUTE : false;
 
-  if (i <= 1) {
-    return jqNodes;
+    // Functions / filters probably read state from within objects
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      return false;
   }
 
-  while (i--) {
-    var node = jqNodes[i];
-    if (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
-      splice.call(jqNodes, i, 1);
-    }
-  }
-  return jqNodes;
+  return (undefined === parentIsPure) ? PURITY_RELATIVE : parentIsPure;
 }
 
-var $controllerMinErr = minErr('$controller');
-
-
-var CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+([\w$]+))?$/;
-function identifierForController(controller, ident) {
-  if (ident && isString(ident)) return ident;
-  if (isString(controller)) {
-    var match = CNTRL_REG.exec(controller);
-    if (match) return match[3];
-  }
-}
+function findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, $filter, parentIsPure) {
+  var allConstants;
+  var argsToWatch;
+  var isStatelessFilter;
 
+  var astIsPure = ast.isPure = isPure(ast, parentIsPure);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $controllerProvider
- * @description
- * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by Angular to create new
- * controllers.
- *
- * This provider allows controller registration via the
- * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register register} method.
- */
-function $ControllerProvider() {
-  var controllers = {},
-      globals = false;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $controllerProvider#has
-   * @param {string} name Controller name to check.
-   */
-  this.has = function(name) {
-    return controllers.hasOwnProperty(name);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $controllerProvider#register
-   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
-   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
-   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
-   *    annotations in the array notation).
-   */
-  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
-    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
-    if (isObject(name)) {
-      extend(controllers, name);
-    } else {
-      controllers[name] = constructor;
-    }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $controllerProvider#allowGlobals
-   * @description If called, allows `$controller` to find controller constructors on `window`
-   */
-  this.allowGlobals = function() {
-    globals = true;
-  };
-
-
-  this.$get = ['$injector', '$window', function($injector, $window) {
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc service
-     * @name $controller
-     * @requires $injector
-     *
-     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
-     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
-     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
-     *
-     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
-     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
-     *    * if $controllerProvider#allowGlobals, check `window[constructor]` on the global
-     *      `window` object (not recommended)
-     *
-     *    The string can use the `controller as property` syntax, where the controller instance is published
-     *    as the specified property on the `scope`; the `scope` must be injected into `locals` param for this
-     *    to work correctly.
-     *
-     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
-     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
-     *
-     * @description
-     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
-     *
-     * It's just a simple call to {@link auto.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
-     * a service, so that one can override this service with [BC version](https://gist.github.com/1649788).
-     */
-    return function $controller(expression, locals, later, ident) {
-      // PRIVATE API:
-      //   param `later` --- indicates that the controller's constructor is invoked at a later time.
-      //                     If true, $controller will allocate the object with the correct
-      //                     prototype chain, but will not invoke the controller until a returned
-      //                     callback is invoked.
-      //   param `ident` --- An optional label which overrides the label parsed from the controller
-      //                     expression, if any.
-      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;
-      later = later === true;
-      if (ident && isString(ident)) {
-        identifier = ident;
-      }
-
-      if (isString(expression)) {
-        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG);
-        if (!match) {
-          throw $controllerMinErr('ctrlfmt',
-            "Badly formed controller string '{0}'. " +
-            "Must match `__name__ as __id__` or `__name__`.", expression);
-        }
-        constructor = match[1],
-        identifier = identifier || match[3];
-        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
-            ? controllers[constructor]
-            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true) ||
-                (globals ? getter($window, constructor, true) : undefined);
-
-        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
-      }
-
-      if (later) {
-        // Instantiate controller later:
-        // This machinery is used to create an instance of the object before calling the
-        // controller's constructor itself.
-        //
-        // This allows properties to be added to the controller before the constructor is
-        // invoked. Primarily, this is used for isolate scope bindings in $compile.
-        //
-        // This feature is not intended for use by applications, and is thus not documented
-        // publicly.
-        // Object creation: http://jsperf.com/create-constructor/2
-        var controllerPrototype = (isArray(expression) ?
-          expression[expression.length - 1] : expression).prototype;
-        instance = Object.create(controllerPrototype || null);
-
-        if (identifier) {
-          addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
-        }
-
-        var instantiate;
-        return instantiate = extend(function $controllerInit() {
-          var result = $injector.invoke(expression, instance, locals, constructor);
-          if (result !== instance && (isObject(result) || isFunction(result))) {
-            instance = result;
-            if (identifier) {
-              // If result changed, re-assign controllerAs value to scope.
-              addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
-            }
-          }
-          return instance;
-        }, {
-          instance: instance,
-          identifier: identifier
-        });
-      }
-
-      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals, constructor);
-
-      if (identifier) {
-        addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
-      }
-
-      return instance;
-    };
-
-    function addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, name) {
-      if (!(locals && isObject(locals.$scope))) {
-        throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
-          "Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.",
-          name, identifier);
-      }
-
-      locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
+  switch (ast.type) {
+  case AST.Program:
+    allConstants = true;
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr.expression, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.expression.constant;
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    break;
+  case AST.Literal:
+    ast.constant = true;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  case AST.UnaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.argument, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.argument.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.argument.toWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.BinaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.left.toWatch.concat(ast.right.toWatch);
+    break;
+  case AST.LogicalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.test, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.alternate, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.consequent, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.test.constant && ast.alternate.constant && ast.consequent.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.Identifier:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.MemberExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.object, $filter, astIsPure);
+    if (ast.computed) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.property, $filter, astIsPure);
     }
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $document
- * @requires $window
- *
- * @description
- * A {@link angular.element jQuery or jqLite} wrapper for the browser's `window.document` object.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="documentExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <p>$document title: <b ng-bind="title"></b></p>
-         <p>window.document title: <b ng-bind="windowTitle"></b></p>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('documentExample', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$document', function($scope, $document) {
-           $scope.title = $document[0].title;
-           $scope.windowTitle = angular.element(window.document)[0].title;
-         }]);
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-function $DocumentProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', function(window) {
-    return jqLite(window.document);
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $exceptionHandler
- * @requires ng.$log
- *
- * @description
- * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
- * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
- * the browser console.
- *
- * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
- * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
- *
- * ## Example:
- *
- * The example below will overwrite the default `$exceptionHandler` in order to (a) log uncaught
- * errors to the backend for later inspection by the developers and (b) to use `$log.warn()` instead
- * of `$log.error()`.
- *
- * ```js
- *   angular.
- *     module('exceptionOverwrite', []).
- *     factory('$exceptionHandler', ['$log', 'logErrorsToBackend', function($log, logErrorsToBackend) {
- *       return function myExceptionHandler(exception, cause) {
- *         logErrorsToBackend(exception, cause);
- *         $log.warn(exception, cause);
- *       };
- *     }]);
- * ```
- *
- * <hr />
- * Note, that code executed in event-listeners (even those registered using jqLite's `on`/`bind`
- * methods) does not delegate exceptions to the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler}
- * (unless executed during a digest).
- *
- * If you wish, you can manually delegate exceptions, e.g.
- * `try { ... } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }`
- *
- * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
- * @param {string=} cause Optional information about the context in which
- *       the error was thrown.
- *
- */
-function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
-    return function(exception, cause) {
-      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
-    };
-  }];
-}
-
-var $$ForceReflowProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$document', function($document) {
-    return function(domNode) {
-      //the line below will force the browser to perform a repaint so
-      //that all the animated elements within the animation frame will
-      //be properly updated and drawn on screen. This is required to
-      //ensure that the preparation animation is properly flushed so that
-      //the active state picks up from there. DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE.
-      //DO NOT OPTIMIZE THIS LINE. THE MINIFIER WILL REMOVE IT OTHERWISE WHICH
-      //WILL RESULT IN AN UNPREDICTABLE BUG THAT IS VERY HARD TO TRACK DOWN AND
-      //WILL TAKE YEARS AWAY FROM YOUR LIFE.
-      if (domNode) {
-        if (!domNode.nodeType && domNode instanceof jqLite) {
-          domNode = domNode[0];
-        }
-      } else {
-        domNode = $document[0].body;
+    ast.constant = ast.object.constant && (!ast.computed || ast.property.constant);
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.CallExpression:
+    isStatelessFilter = ast.filter ? isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) : false;
+    allConstants = isStatelessFilter;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = isStatelessFilter ? argsToWatch : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ArrayExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ObjectExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.value, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && property.value.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.value.toWatch);
+      if (property.computed) {
+        //`{[key]: value}` implicitly does `key.toString()` which may be non-pure
+        findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.key, $filter, /*parentIsPure=*/false);
+        allConstants = allConstants && property.key.constant;
+        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.key.toWatch);
       }
-      return domNode.offsetWidth + 1;
-    };
-  }];
-};
-
-var APPLICATION_JSON = 'application/json';
-var CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': APPLICATION_JSON + ';charset=utf-8'};
-var JSON_START = /^\[|^\{(?!\{)/;
-var JSON_ENDS = {
-  '[': /]$/,
-  '{': /}$/
-};
-var JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/;
-var $httpMinErr = minErr('$http');
-var $httpMinErrLegacyFn = function(method) {
-  return function() {
-    throw $httpMinErr('legacy', 'The method `{0}` on the promise returned from `$http` has been disabled.', method);
-  };
-};
-
-function serializeValue(v) {
-  if (isObject(v)) {
-    return isDate(v) ? v.toISOString() : toJson(v);
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ThisExpression:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  case AST.LocalsExpression:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
   }
-  return v;
 }
 
-
-function $HttpParamSerializerProvider() {
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc service
-   * @name $httpParamSerializer
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Default {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that converts objects to strings
-   * according to the following rules:
-   *
-   * * `{'foo': 'bar'}` results in `foo=bar`
-   * * `{'foo': Date.now()}` results in `foo=2015-04-01T09%3A50%3A49.262Z` (`toISOString()` and encoded representation of a Date object)
-   * * `{'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}` results in `foo=bar&foo=baz` (repeated key for each array element)
-   * * `{'foo': {'bar':'baz'}}` results in `foo=%7B%22bar%22%3A%22baz%22%7D` (stringified and encoded representation of an object)
-   *
-   * Note that serializer will sort the request parameters alphabetically.
-   * */
-
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function ngParamSerializer(params) {
-      if (!params) return '';
-      var parts = [];
-      forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
-        if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) return;
-        if (isArray(value)) {
-          forEach(value, function(v) {
-            parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key)  + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(v)));
-          });
-        } else {
-          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(value)));
-        }
-      });
-
-      return parts.join('&');
-    };
-  };
+function getInputs(body) {
+  if (body.length !== 1) return;
+  var lastExpression = body[0].expression;
+  var candidate = lastExpression.toWatch;
+  if (candidate.length !== 1) return candidate;
+  return candidate[0] !== lastExpression ? candidate : undefined;
 }
 
-function $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider() {
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc service
-   * @name $httpParamSerializerJQLike
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Alternative {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that follows
-   * jQuery's [`param()`](http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) method logic.
-   * The serializer will also sort the params alphabetically.
-   *
-   * To use it for serializing `$http` request parameters, set it as the `paramSerializer` property:
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * $http({
-   *   url: myUrl,
-   *   method: 'GET',
-   *   params: myParams,
-   *   paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializerJQLike'
-   * });
-   * ```
-   *
-   * It is also possible to set it as the default `paramSerializer` in the
-   * {@link $httpProvider#defaults `$httpProvider`}.
-   *
-   * Additionally, you can inject the serializer and use it explicitly, for example to serialize
-   * form data for submission:
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * .controller(function($http, $httpParamSerializerJQLike) {
-   *   //...
-   *
-   *   $http({
-   *     url: myUrl,
-   *     method: 'POST',
-   *     data: $httpParamSerializerJQLike(myData),
-   *     headers: {
-   *       'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
-   *     }
-   *   });
-   *
-   * });
-   * ```
-   *
-   * */
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function jQueryLikeParamSerializer(params) {
-      if (!params) return '';
-      var parts = [];
-      serialize(params, '', true);
-      return parts.join('&');
-
-      function serialize(toSerialize, prefix, topLevel) {
-        if (toSerialize === null || isUndefined(toSerialize)) return;
-        if (isArray(toSerialize)) {
-          forEach(toSerialize, function(value, index) {
-            serialize(value, prefix + '[' + (isObject(value) ? index : '') + ']');
-          });
-        } else if (isObject(toSerialize) && !isDate(toSerialize)) {
-          forEachSorted(toSerialize, function(value, key) {
-            serialize(value, prefix +
-                (topLevel ? '' : '[') +
-                key +
-                (topLevel ? '' : ']'));
-          });
-        } else {
-          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(prefix) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(toSerialize)));
-        }
-      }
-    };
-  };
+function isAssignable(ast) {
+  return ast.type === AST.Identifier || ast.type === AST.MemberExpression;
 }
 
-function defaultHttpResponseTransform(data, headers) {
-  if (isString(data)) {
-    // Strip json vulnerability protection prefix and trim whitespace
-    var tempData = data.replace(JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX, '').trim();
-
-    if (tempData) {
-      var contentType = headers('Content-Type');
-      if ((contentType && (contentType.indexOf(APPLICATION_JSON) === 0)) || isJsonLike(tempData)) {
-        data = fromJson(tempData);
-      }
-    }
+function assignableAST(ast) {
+  if (ast.body.length === 1 && isAssignable(ast.body[0].expression)) {
+    return {type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: ast.body[0].expression, right: {type: AST.NGValueParameter}, operator: '='};
   }
-
-  return data;
 }
 
-function isJsonLike(str) {
-    var jsonStart = str.match(JSON_START);
-    return jsonStart && JSON_ENDS[jsonStart[0]].test(str);
+function isLiteral(ast) {
+  return ast.body.length === 0 ||
+      ast.body.length === 1 && (
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.Literal ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ArrayExpression ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ObjectExpression);
 }
 
-/**
- * Parse headers into key value object
- *
- * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
- * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
- */
-function parseHeaders(headers) {
-  var parsed = createMap(), i;
-
-  function fillInParsed(key, val) {
-    if (key) {
-      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (isString(headers)) {
-    forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
-      i = line.indexOf(':');
-      fillInParsed(lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i))), trim(line.substr(i + 1)));
-    });
-  } else if (isObject(headers)) {
-    forEach(headers, function(headerVal, headerKey) {
-      fillInParsed(lowercase(headerKey), trim(headerVal));
-    });
-  }
+function isConstant(ast) {
+  return ast.constant;
+}
 
-  return parsed;
+function ASTCompiler($filter) {
+  this.$filter = $filter;
 }
 
-
-/**
- * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
- *
- * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
- * @see parseHeaders
- *
- * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
- * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
- *
- *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
- *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
- */
-function headersGetter(headers) {
-  var headersObj;
-
-  return function(name) {
-    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);
-
-    if (name) {
-      var value = headersObj[lowercase(name)];
-      if (value === void 0) {
-        value = null;
-      }
-      return value;
+ASTCompiler.prototype = {
+  compile: function(ast) {
+    var self = this;
+    this.state = {
+      nextId: 0,
+      filters: {},
+      fn: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      assign: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      inputs: []
+    };
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var extra = '';
+    var assignable;
+    this.stage = 'assign';
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      this.state.computing = 'assign';
+      var result = this.nextId();
+      this.recurse(assignable, result);
+      this.return_(result);
+      extra = 'fn.assign=' + this.generateFunction('assign', 's,v,l');
     }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    self.stage = 'inputs';
+    forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+      var fnKey = 'fn' + key;
+      self.state[fnKey] = {vars: [], body: [], own: {}};
+      self.state.computing = fnKey;
+      var intoId = self.nextId();
+      self.recurse(watch, intoId);
+      self.return_(intoId);
+      self.state.inputs.push({name: fnKey, isPure: watch.isPure});
+      watch.watchId = key;
+    });
+    this.state.computing = 'fn';
+    this.stage = 'main';
+    this.recurse(ast);
+    var fnString =
+      // The build and minification steps remove the string "use strict" from the code, but this is done using a regex.
+      // This is a workaround for this until we do a better job at only removing the prefix only when we should.
+      '"' + this.USE + ' ' + this.STRICT + '";\n' +
+      this.filterPrefix() +
+      'var fn=' + this.generateFunction('fn', 's,l,a,i') +
+      extra +
+      this.watchFns() +
+      'return fn;';
 
-    return headersObj;
-  };
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Chain all given functions
- *
- * This function is used for both request and response transforming
- *
- * @param {*} data Data to transform.
- * @param {function(string=)} headers HTTP headers getter fn.
- * @param {number} status HTTP status code of the response.
- * @param {(Function|Array.<Function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
- * @returns {*} Transformed data.
- */
-function transformData(data, headers, status, fns) {
-  if (isFunction(fns)) {
-    return fns(data, headers, status);
-  }
-
-  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
-    data = fn(data, headers, status);
-  });
-
-  return data;
-}
-
-
-function isSuccess(status) {
-  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $httpProvider
- * @description
- * Use `$httpProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ng.$http $http} service.
- * */
-function $HttpProvider() {
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc property
-   * @name $httpProvider#defaults
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Object containing default values for all {@link ng.$http $http} requests.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.cache`** - {boolean|Object} - A boolean value or object created with
-   * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`} to enable or disable caching of HTTP responses
-   * by default. See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.xsrfCookieName`** - {string} - Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
-   * Defaults value is `'XSRF-TOKEN'`.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.xsrfHeaderName`** - {string} - Name of HTTP header to populate with the
-   * XSRF token. Defaults value is `'X-XSRF-TOKEN'`.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.headers`** - {Object} - Default headers for all $http requests.
-   * Refer to {@link ng.$http#setting-http-headers $http} for documentation on
-   * setting default headers.
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.common`**
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.post`**
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.put`**
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.patch`**
-   *
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.paramSerializer`** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function
-   *  used to the prepare string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
-   *  If specified as string, it is interpreted as a function registered with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
-   *  Defaults to {@link ng.$httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer}.
-   *
-   **/
-  var defaults = this.defaults = {
-    // transform incoming response data
-    transformResponse: [defaultHttpResponseTransform],
-
-    // transform outgoing request data
-    transformRequest: [function(d) {
-      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) && !isBlob(d) && !isFormData(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
-    }],
-
-    // default headers
-    headers: {
-      common: {
-        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
-      },
-      post:   shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
-      put:    shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
-      patch:  shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON)
-    },
-
-    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
-    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+    var fn = (new Function('$filter',
+        'getStringValue',
+        'ifDefined',
+        'plus',
+        fnString))(
+          this.$filter,
+          getStringValue,
+          ifDefined,
+          plusFn);
+    this.state = this.stage = undefined;
+    return fn;
+  },
 
-    paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializer'
-  };
+  USE: 'use',
 
-  var useApplyAsync = false;
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $httpProvider#useApplyAsync
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Configure $http service to combine processing of multiple http responses received at around
-   * the same time via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $rootScope.$applyAsync}. This can result in
-   * significant performance improvement for bigger applications that make many HTTP requests
-   * concurrently (common during application bootstrap).
-   *
-   * Defaults to false. If no value is specified, returns the current configured value.
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} value If true, when requests are loaded, they will schedule a deferred
-   *    "apply" on the next tick, giving time for subsequent requests in a roughly ~10ms window
-   *    to load and share the same digest cycle.
-   *
-   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
-   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
-   **/
-  this.useApplyAsync = function(value) {
-    if (isDefined(value)) {
-      useApplyAsync = !!value;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return useApplyAsync;
-  };
+  STRICT: 'strict',
 
-  var useLegacyPromise = true;
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $httpProvider#useLegacyPromiseExtensions
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Configure `$http` service to return promises without the shorthand methods `success` and `error`.
-   * This should be used to make sure that applications work without these methods.
-   *
-   * Defaults to true. If no value is specified, returns the current configured value.
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} value If true, `$http` will return a promise with the deprecated legacy `success` and `error` methods.
-   *
-   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
-   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
-   **/
-  this.useLegacyPromiseExtensions = function(value) {
-    if (isDefined(value)) {
-      useLegacyPromise = !!value;
-      return this;
+  watchFns: function() {
+    var result = [];
+    var inputs = this.state.inputs;
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(inputs, function(input) {
+      result.push('var ' + input.name + '=' + self.generateFunction(input.name, 's'));
+      if (input.isPure) {
+        result.push(input.name, '.isPure=' + JSON.stringify(input.isPure) + ';');
+      }
+    });
+    if (inputs.length) {
+      result.push('fn.inputs=[' + inputs.map(function(i) { return i.name; }).join(',') + '];');
     }
-    return useLegacyPromise;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc property
-   * @name $httpProvider#interceptors
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Array containing service factories for all synchronous or asynchronous {@link ng.$http $http}
-   * pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses.
-   *
-   * These service factories are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
-   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
-   *
-   * {@link ng.$http#interceptors Interceptors detailed info}
-   **/
-  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];
-
-  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$$cookieReader', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
-      function($httpBackend, $$cookieReader, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {
+    return result.join('');
+  },
 
-    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');
+  generateFunction: function(name, params) {
+    return 'function(' + params + '){' +
+        this.varsPrefix(name) +
+        this.body(name) +
+        '};';
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * Make sure that default param serializer is exposed as a function
-     */
-    defaults.paramSerializer = isString(defaults.paramSerializer) ?
-      $injector.get(defaults.paramSerializer) : defaults.paramSerializer;
+  filterPrefix: function() {
+    var parts = [];
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(this.state.filters, function(id, filter) {
+      parts.push(id + '=$filter(' + self.escape(filter) + ')');
+    });
+    if (parts.length) return 'var ' + parts.join(',') + ';';
+    return '';
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
-     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
-     * server request.
-     */
-    var reversedInterceptors = [];
+  varsPrefix: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].vars.length ? 'var ' + this.state[section].vars.join(',') + ';' : '';
+  },
 
-    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
-      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
-          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
-    });
+  body: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].body.join('');
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc service
-     * @kind function
-     * @name $http
-     * @requires ng.$httpBackend
-     * @requires $cacheFactory
-     * @requires $rootScope
-     * @requires $q
-     * @requires $injector
-     *
-     * @description
-     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
-     * HTTP servers via the browser's [XMLHttpRequest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest)
-     * object or via [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP).
-     *
-     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
-     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
-     *
-     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
-     * $resource} service.
-     *
-     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
-     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
-     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
-     *
-     *
-     * ## General usage
-     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a {@link $http#usage configuration object} —
-     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise}.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   // Simple GET request example:
-     *   $http({
-     *     method: 'GET',
-     *     url: '/someUrl'
-     *   }).then(function successCallback(response) {
-     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
-     *       // when the response is available
-     *     }, function errorCallback(response) {
-     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
-     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
-     *     });
-     * ```
-     *
-     * The response object has these properties:
-     *
-     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform
-     *     functions.
-     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
-     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
-     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
-     *   - **statusText** – `{string}` – HTTP status text of the response.
-     *
-     * A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status and will result in
-     * the success callback being called. Any response status code outside of that range is
-     * considered an error status and will result in the error callback being called.
-     * Also, status codes less than -1 are normalized to zero. -1 usually means the request was
-     * aborted, e.g. using a `config.timeout`.
-     * Note that if the response is a redirect, XMLHttpRequest will transparently follow it, meaning
-     * that the outcome (success or error) will be determined by the final response status code.
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Shortcut methods
-     *
-     * Shortcut methods are also available. All shortcut methods require passing in the URL, and
-     * request data must be passed in for POST/PUT requests. An optional config can be passed as the
-     * last argument.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   $http.get('/someUrl', config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
-     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data, config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
-     * ```
-     *
-     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
-     *
-     * - {@link ng.$http#get $http.get}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#head $http.head}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#post $http.post}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#put $http.put}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#patch $http.patch}
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Writing Unit Tests that use $http
-     * When unit testing (using {@link ngMock ngMock}), it is necessary to call
-     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#flush $httpBackend.flush()} to flush each pending
-     * request using trained responses.
-     *
-     * ```
-     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
-     * $http.get(...);
-     * $httpBackend.flush();
-     * ```
-     *
-     * ## Deprecation Notice
-     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
-     *   The `$http` legacy promise methods `success` and `error` have been deprecated.
-     *   Use the standard `then` method instead.
-     *   If {@link $httpProvider#useLegacyPromiseExtensions `$httpProvider.useLegacyPromiseExtensions`} is set to
-     *   `false` then these methods will throw {@link $http:legacy `$http/legacy`} error.
-     * </div>
-     *
-     * ## Setting HTTP Headers
-     *
-     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
-     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
-     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
-     *
-     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
-     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
-     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
-     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
-     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
-     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
-     *
-     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
-     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
-     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
-     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }`.
-     *
-     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
-     * fashion. For example:
-     *
-     * ```
-     * module.run(function($http) {
-     *   $http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = 'Basic YmVlcDpib29w';
-     * });
-     * ```
-     *
-     * In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
-     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
-     *
-     * To explicitly remove a header automatically added via $httpProvider.defaults.headers on a per request basis,
-     * Use the `headers` property, setting the desired header to `undefined`. For example:
-     *
-     * ```js
-     * var req = {
-     *  method: 'POST',
-     *  url: 'http://example.com',
-     *  headers: {
-     *    'Content-Type': undefined
-     *  },
-     *  data: { test: 'test' }
-     * }
-     *
-     * $http(req).then(function(){...}, function(){...});
-     * ```
-     *
-     * ## Transforming Requests and Responses
-     *
-     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transformation functions: `transformRequest`
-     * and `transformResponse`. These properties can be a single function that returns
-     * the transformed value (`function(data, headersGetter, status)`) or an array of such transformation functions,
-     * which allows you to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain.
-     *
-     * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-     * **Note:** Angular does not make a copy of the `data` parameter before it is passed into the `transformRequest` pipeline.
-     * That means changes to the properties of `data` are not local to the transform function (since Javascript passes objects by reference).
-     * For example, when calling `$http.get(url, $scope.myObject)`, modifications to the object's properties in a transformRequest
-     * function will be reflected on the scope and in any templates where the object is data-bound.
-     * To prevent this, transform functions should have no side-effects.
-     * If you need to modify properties, it is recommended to make a copy of the data, or create new object to return.
-     * </div>
-     *
-     * ### Default Transformations
-     *
-     * The `$httpProvider` provider and `$http` service expose `defaults.transformRequest` and
-     * `defaults.transformResponse` properties. If a request does not provide its own transformations
-     * then these will be applied.
-     *
-     * You can augment or replace the default transformations by modifying these properties by adding to or
-     * replacing the array.
-     *
-     * Angular provides the following default transformations:
-     *
-     * Request transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$http.defaults.transformRequest`):
-     *
-     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
-     *   into JSON format.
-     *
-     * Response transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse` and `$http.defaults.transformResponse`):
-     *
-     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
-     *  - If JSON response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser.
-     *
-     *
-     * ### Overriding the Default Transformations Per Request
-     *
-     * If you wish to override the request/response transformations only for a single request then provide
-     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties on the configuration object passed
-     * into `$http`.
-     *
-     * Note that if you provide these properties on the config object the default transformations will be
-     * overwritten. If you wish to augment the default transformations then you must include them in your
-     * local transformation array.
-     *
-     * The following code demonstrates adding a new response transformation to be run after the default response
-     * transformations have been run.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     * function appendTransform(defaults, transform) {
-     *
-     *   // We can't guarantee that the default transformation is an array
-     *   defaults = angular.isArray(defaults) ? defaults : [defaults];
-     *
-     *   // Append the new transformation to the defaults
-     *   return defaults.concat(transform);
-     * }
-     *
-     * $http({
-     *   url: '...',
-     *   method: 'GET',
-     *   transformResponse: appendTransform($http.defaults.transformResponse, function(value) {
-     *     return doTransform(value);
-     *   })
-     * });
-     * ```
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Caching
-     *
-     * {@link ng.$http `$http`} responses are not cached by default. To enable caching, you must
-     * set the config.cache value or the default cache value to TRUE or to a cache object (created
-     * with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}). If defined, the value of config.cache takes
-     * precedence over the default cache value.
-     *
-     * In order to:
-     *   * cache all responses - set the default cache value to TRUE or to a cache object
-     *   * cache a specific response - set config.cache value to TRUE or to a cache object
-     *
-     * If caching is enabled, but neither the default cache nor config.cache are set to a cache object,
-     * then the default `$cacheFactory("$http")` object is used.
-     *
-     * The default cache value can be set by updating the
-     * {@link ng.$http#defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property or the
-     * {@link $httpProvider#defaults `$httpProvider.defaults.cache`} property.
-     *
-     * When caching is enabled, {@link ng.$http `$http`} stores the response from the server using
-     * the relevant cache object. The next time the same request is made, the response is returned
-     * from the cache without sending a request to the server.
-     *
-     * Take note that:
-     *
-     *   * Only GET and JSONP requests are cached.
-     *   * The cache key is the request URL including search parameters; headers are not considered.
-     *   * Cached responses are returned asynchronously, in the same way as responses from the server.
-     *   * If multiple identical requests are made using the same cache, which is not yet populated,
-     *     one request will be made to the server and remaining requests will return the same response.
-     *   * A cache-control header on the response does not affect if or how responses are cached.
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Interceptors
-     *
-     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
-     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
-     *
-     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
-     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
-     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
-     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
-     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
-     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
-     *
-     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
-     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
-     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
-     *
-     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
-     *
-     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with a http {@link $http#usage config} object. The function is free to
-     *     modify the `config` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
-     *     object directly, or a promise containing the `config` or a new `config` object.
-     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
-     *     resolved with a rejection.
-     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
-     *     modify the `response` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
-     *     object directly, or as a promise containing the `response` or a new `response` object.
-     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
-     *     resolved with a rejection.
-     *
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   // register the interceptor as a service
-     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
-     *     return {
-     *       // optional method
-     *       'request': function(config) {
-     *         // do something on success
-     *         return config;
-     *       },
-     *
-     *       // optional method
-     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
-     *         // do something on error
-     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
-     *           return responseOrNewPromise
-     *         }
-     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
-     *       },
-     *
-     *
-     *
-     *       // optional method
-     *       'response': function(response) {
-     *         // do something on success
-     *         return response;
-     *       },
-     *
-     *       // optional method
-     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
-     *         // do something on error
-     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
-     *           return responseOrNewPromise
-     *         }
-     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
-     *       }
-     *     };
-     *   });
-     *
-     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
-     *
-     *
-     *   // alternatively, register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
-     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
-     *     return {
-     *      'request': function(config) {
-     *          // same as above
-     *       },
-     *
-     *       'response': function(response) {
-     *          // same as above
-     *       }
-     *     };
-     *   });
-     * ```
-     *
-     * ## Security Considerations
-     *
-     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
-     *
-     * - [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
-     * - [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
-     *
-     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
-     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
-     * cooperation is required.
-     *
-     * ### JSON Vulnerability Protection
-     *
-     * A [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
-     * allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
-     * [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP) request under some conditions. To
-     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
-     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
-     *
-     * For example if your server needs to return:
-     * ```js
-     * ['one','two']
-     * ```
-     *
-     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
-     * ```js
-     * )]}',
-     * ['one','two']
-     * ```
-     *
-     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
-     *
-     *
-     * ### Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
-     *
-     * [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) is an attack technique by
-     * which the attacker can trick an authenticated user into unknowingly executing actions on your
-     * website. Angular provides a mechanism to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the
-     * $http service reads a token from a cookie (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP
-     * header (`X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only JavaScript that runs on your domain could read the
-     * cookie, your server can be assured that the XHR came from JavaScript running on your domain.
-     * The header will not be set for cross-domain requests.
-     *
-     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
-     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
-     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
-     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must be
-     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
-     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
-     * authentication cookie with a [salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography&#41;)
-     * for added security.
-     *
-     * The name of the headers can be specified using the xsrfHeaderName and xsrfCookieName
-     * properties of either $httpProvider.defaults at config-time, $http.defaults at run-time,
-     * or the per-request config object.
-     *
-     * In order to prevent collisions in environments where multiple Angular apps share the
-     * same domain or subdomain, we recommend that each application uses unique cookie name.
-     *
-     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
-     *    processed. The object has following properties:
-     *
-     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
-     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
-     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be serialized
-     *      with the `paramSerializer` and appended as GET parameters.
-     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
-     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
-     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
-     *      header will not be sent. Functions accept a config object as an argument.
-     *    - **eventHandlers** - `{Object}` - Event listeners to be bound to the XMLHttpRequest object.
-     *      To bind events to the XMLHttpRequest upload object, use `uploadEventHandlers`.
-     *      The handler will be called in the context of a `$apply` block.
-     *    - **uploadEventHandlers** - `{Object}` - Event listeners to be bound to the XMLHttpRequest upload
-     *      object. To bind events to the XMLHttpRequest object, use `eventHandlers`.
-     *      The handler will be called in the context of a `$apply` block.
-     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
-     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
-     *    - **transformRequest** –
-     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
-     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
-     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
-     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
-     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
-     *    - **transformResponse** –
-     *      `{function(data, headersGetter, status)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter, status)>}` –
-     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
-     *      response body, headers and status and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
-     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
-     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
-     *    - **paramSerializer** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function used to
-     *      prepare the string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
-     *      If specified as string, it is interpreted as function registered with the
-     *      {@link $injector $injector}, which means you can create your own serializer
-     *      by registering it as a {@link auto.$provide#service service}.
-     *      The default serializer is the {@link $httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer};
-     *      alternatively, you can use the {@link $httpParamSerializerJQLike $httpParamSerializerJQLike}
-     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Object}` – A boolean value or object created with
-     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`} to enable or disable caching of the HTTP response.
-     *      See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
-     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
-     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
-     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
-     *      XHR object. See [requests with credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS#Requests_with_credentials)
-     *      for more information.
-     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see
-     *      [XMLHttpRequest.responseType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest#xmlhttprequest-responsetype).
-     *
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link ng.$q `Promise}` that will be resolved to a response object
-     *                        when the request succeeds or fails.
-     *
-     *
-     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
-     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
-     *
-     *
-     * @example
-<example module="httpExample">
-<file name="index.html">
-  <div ng-controller="FetchController">
-    <select ng-model="method" aria-label="Request method">
-      <option>GET</option>
-      <option>JSONP</option>
-    </select>
-    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80" aria-label="URL" />
-    <button id="fetchbtn" ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
-    <button id="samplegetbtn" ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
-    <button id="samplejsonpbtn"
-      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
-                    'https://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">
-      Sample JSONP
-    </button>
-    <button id="invalidjsonpbtn"
-      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'https://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">
-        Invalid JSONP
-      </button>
-    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
-    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
-  </div>
-</file>
-<file name="script.js">
-  angular.module('httpExample', [])
-    .controller('FetchController', ['$scope', '$http', '$templateCache',
-      function($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
-        $scope.method = 'GET';
-        $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';
-
-        $scope.fetch = function() {
-          $scope.code = null;
-          $scope.response = null;
-
-          $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
-            then(function(response) {
-              $scope.status = response.status;
-              $scope.data = response.data;
-            }, function(response) {
-              $scope.data = response.data || "Request failed";
-              $scope.status = response.status;
-          });
-        };
-
-        $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
-          $scope.method = method;
-          $scope.url = url;
-        };
-      }]);
-</file>
-<file name="http-hello.html">
-  Hello, $http!
-</file>
-<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-  var status = element(by.binding('status'));
-  var data = element(by.binding('data'));
-  var fetchBtn = element(by.id('fetchbtn'));
-  var sampleGetBtn = element(by.id('samplegetbtn'));
-  var sampleJsonpBtn = element(by.id('samplejsonpbtn'));
-  var invalidJsonpBtn = element(by.id('invalidjsonpbtn'));
-
-  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
-    sampleGetBtn.click();
-    fetchBtn.click();
-    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
-    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
-  });
-
-// Commented out due to flakes. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9185
-// it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
-//   sampleJsonpBtn.click();
-//   fetchBtn.click();
-//   expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
-//   expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
-// });
-
-  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
-      function() {
-    invalidJsonpBtn.click();
-    fetchBtn.click();
-    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('0');
-    expect(data.getText()).toMatch('Request failed');
-  });
-</file>
-</example>
-     */
-    function $http(requestConfig) {
-
-      if (!isObject(requestConfig)) {
-        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration must be an object.  Received: {0}', requestConfig);
-      }
-
-      if (!isString(requestConfig.url)) {
-        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration url must be a string.  Received: {0}', requestConfig.url);
-      }
-
-      var config = extend({
-        method: 'get',
-        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
-        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse,
-        paramSerializer: defaults.paramSerializer
-      }, requestConfig);
-
-      config.headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);
-      config.method = uppercase(config.method);
-      config.paramSerializer = isString(config.paramSerializer) ?
-          $injector.get(config.paramSerializer) : config.paramSerializer;
-
-      var requestInterceptors = [];
-      var responseInterceptors = [];
-      var promise = $q.when(config);
-
-      // apply interceptors
-      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
-        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
-          requestInterceptors.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
-        }
-        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
-          responseInterceptors.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
+  recurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args, expression, computed;
+    recursionFn = recursionFn || noop;
+    if (!skipWatchIdCheck && isDefined(ast.watchId)) {
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      this.if_('i',
+        this.lazyAssign(intoId, this.computedMember('i', ast.watchId)),
+        this.lazyRecurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, true)
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Program:
+      forEach(ast.body, function(expression, pos) {
+        self.recurse(expression.expression, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+        if (pos !== ast.body.length - 1) {
+          self.current().body.push(right, ';');
+        } else {
+          self.return_(right);
         }
       });
-
-      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, requestInterceptors);
-      promise = promise.then(serverRequest);
-      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, responseInterceptors);
-
-      if (useLegacyPromise) {
-        promise.success = function(fn) {
-          assertArgFn(fn, 'fn');
-
-          promise.then(function(response) {
-            fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
-          });
-          return promise;
-        };
-
-        promise.error = function(fn) {
-          assertArgFn(fn, 'fn');
-
-          promise.then(null, function(response) {
-            fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
-          });
-          return promise;
-        };
+      break;
+    case AST.Literal:
+      expression = this.escape(ast.value);
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.argument, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      expression = ast.operator + '(' + this.ifDefined(right, 0) + ')';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { left = expr; });
+      this.recurse(ast.right, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      if (ast.operator === '+') {
+        expression = this.plus(left, right);
+      } else if (ast.operator === '-') {
+        expression = this.ifDefined(left, 0) + ast.operator + this.ifDefined(right, 0);
       } else {
-        promise.success = $httpMinErrLegacyFn('success');
-        promise.error = $httpMinErrLegacyFn('error');
+        expression = '(' + left + ')' + ast.operator + '(' + right + ')';
       }
-
-      return promise;
-
-
-      function chainInterceptors(promise, interceptors) {
-        for (var i = 0, ii = interceptors.length; i < ii;) {
-          var thenFn = interceptors[i++];
-          var rejectFn = interceptors[i++];
-
-          promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
-        }
-
-        interceptors.length = 0;
-
-        return promise;
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.left, intoId);
+      self.if_(ast.operator === '&&' ? intoId : self.not(intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.right, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.test, intoId);
+      self.if_(intoId, self.lazyRecurse(ast.alternate, intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.consequent, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (nameId) {
+        nameId.context = self.stage === 'inputs' ? 's' : this.assign(this.nextId(), this.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name) + '?l:s');
+        nameId.computed = false;
+        nameId.name = ast.name;
       }
-
-      function executeHeaderFns(headers, config) {
-        var headerContent, processedHeaders = {};
-
-        forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
-          if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
-            headerContent = headerFn(config);
-            if (headerContent != null) {
-              processedHeaders[header] = headerContent;
+      self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || self.not(self.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name)),
+        function() {
+          self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || 's', function() {
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(
+                self.isNull(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name)),
+                self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name), '{}'));
+            }
+            self.assign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name));
+          });
+        }, intoId && self.lazyAssign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('l', ast.name))
+        );
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = nameId && (nameId.context = this.nextId()) || this.nextId();
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.object, left, undefined, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left), function() {
+          if (ast.computed) {
+            right = self.nextId();
+            self.recurse(ast.property, right);
+            self.getStringValue(right);
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.not(self.computedMember(left, right)), self.lazyAssign(self.computedMember(left, right), '{}'));
+            }
+            expression = self.computedMember(left, right);
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = true;
+              nameId.name = right;
             }
           } else {
-            processedHeaders[header] = headerFn;
-          }
-        });
-
-        return processedHeaders;
-      }
-
-      function mergeHeaders(config) {
-        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
-            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
-            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;
-
-        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);
-
-        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unnecessary iteration after header has been found
-        defaultHeadersIteration:
-        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
-          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);
-
-          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
-            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
-              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.isNull(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name)), self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name), '{}'));
+            }
+            expression = self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name);
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = false;
+              nameId.name = ast.property.name;
             }
           }
-
-          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
-        }
-
-        // execute if header value is a function for merged headers
-        return executeHeaderFns(reqHeaders, shallowCopy(config));
-      }
-
-      function serverRequest(config) {
-        var headers = config.headers;
-        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), undefined, config.transformRequest);
-
-        // strip content-type if data is undefined
-        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
-          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
-            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
-              delete headers[header];
+        }, function() {
+          self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
+        });
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      }, !!create);
+      break;
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (ast.filter) {
+        right = self.filter(ast.callee.name);
+        args = [];
+        forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+          var argument = self.nextId();
+          self.recurse(expr, argument);
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
+        expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+        self.assign(intoId, expression);
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      } else {
+        right = self.nextId();
+        left = {};
+        args = [];
+        self.recurse(ast.callee, right, left, function() {
+          self.if_(self.notNull(right), function() {
+            forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+              self.recurse(expr, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+                args.push(argument);
+              });
+            });
+            if (left.name) {
+              expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+            } else {
+              expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
             }
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          }, function() {
+            self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
           });
-        }
-
-        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
-          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
-        }
-
-        // send request
-        return sendReq(config, reqData).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
-      }
-
-      function transformResponse(response) {
-        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
-        var resp = extend({}, response);
-        resp.data = transformData(response.data, response.headers, response.status,
-                                  config.transformResponse);
-        return (isSuccess(response.status))
-          ? resp
-          : $q.reject(resp);
+          recursionFn(intoId);
+        });
       }
-    }
-
-    $http.pendingRequests = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#get
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#delete
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#head
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#jsonp
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
-     * If you would like to customise where and how the callbacks are stored then try overriding
-     * or decorating the {@link $jsonpCallbacks} service.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
-     *                     The name of the callback should be the string `JSON_CALLBACK`.
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#post
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {*} data Request content
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#put
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {*} data Request content
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc method
-      * @name $http#patch
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Shortcut method to perform `PATCH` request.
-      *
-      * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-      * @param {*} data Request content
-      * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-      * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-      */
-    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put', 'patch');
-
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc property
-         * @name $http#defaults
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
-         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
-         *
-         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
-         */
-    $http.defaults = defaults;
-
-
-    return $http;
-
-
-    function createShortMethods(names) {
-      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
-        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
-          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
-            method: name,
-            url: url
-          }));
-        };
+      break;
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      right = this.nextId();
+      left = {};
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, left, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left.context), function() {
+          self.recurse(ast.right, right);
+          expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + ast.operator + right;
+          self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+        });
+      }, 1);
+      break;
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        self.recurse(expr, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
       });
+      expression = '[' + args.join(',') + ']';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      computed = false;
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        if (property.computed) {
+          computed = true;
+        }
+      });
+      if (computed) {
+        intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+        this.assign(intoId, '{}');
+        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+          if (property.computed) {
+            left = self.nextId();
+            self.recurse(property.key, left);
+          } else {
+            left = property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
+                       property.key.name :
+                       ('' + property.key.value);
+          }
+          right = self.nextId();
+          self.recurse(property.value, right);
+          self.assign(self.member(intoId, left, property.computed), right);
+        });
+      } else {
+        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+          self.recurse(property.value, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(expr) {
+            args.push(self.escape(
+                property.key.type === AST.Identifier ? property.key.name :
+                  ('' + property.key.value)) +
+                ':' + expr);
+          });
+        });
+        expression = '{' + args.join(',') + '}';
+        this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      }
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      this.assign(intoId, 's');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 's');
+      break;
+    case AST.LocalsExpression:
+      this.assign(intoId, 'l');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 'l');
+      break;
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      this.assign(intoId, 'v');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 'v');
+      break;
     }
+  },
 
-
-    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
-      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
-        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
-          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
-            method: name,
-            url: url,
-            data: data
-          }));
-        };
-      });
+  getHasOwnProperty: function(element, property) {
+    var key = element + '.' + property;
+    var own = this.current().own;
+    if (!own.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+      own[key] = this.nextId(false, element + '&&(' + this.escape(property) + ' in ' + element + ')');
     }
+    return own[key];
+  },
 
+  assign: function(id, value) {
+    if (!id) return;
+    this.current().body.push(id, '=', value, ';');
+    return id;
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * Makes the request.
-     *
-     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
-     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
-     */
-    function sendReq(config, reqData) {
-      var deferred = $q.defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise,
-          cache,
-          cachedResp,
-          reqHeaders = config.headers,
-          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.paramSerializer(config.params));
+  filter: function(filterName) {
+    if (!this.state.filters.hasOwnProperty(filterName)) {
+      this.state.filters[filterName] = this.nextId(true);
+    }
+    return this.state.filters[filterName];
+  },
 
-      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
-      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
+  ifDefined: function(id, defaultValue) {
+    return 'ifDefined(' + id + ',' + this.escape(defaultValue) + ')';
+  },
 
+  plus: function(left, right) {
+    return 'plus(' + left + ',' + right + ')';
+  },
 
-      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false &&
-          (config.method === 'GET' || config.method === 'JSONP')) {
-        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
-              : isObject(defaults.cache) ? defaults.cache
-              : defaultCache;
-      }
+  return_: function(id) {
+    this.current().body.push('return ', id, ';');
+  },
 
-      if (cache) {
-        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
-        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
-          if (isPromiseLike(cachedResp)) {
-            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
-            cachedResp.then(resolvePromiseWithResult, resolvePromiseWithResult);
-          } else {
-            // serving from cache
-            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
-              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], shallowCopy(cachedResp[2]), cachedResp[3]);
-            } else {
-              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {}, 'OK');
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
-          cache.put(url, promise);
-        }
+  if_: function(test, alternate, consequent) {
+    if (test === true) {
+      alternate();
+    } else {
+      var body = this.current().body;
+      body.push('if(', test, '){');
+      alternate();
+      body.push('}');
+      if (consequent) {
+        body.push('else{');
+        consequent();
+        body.push('}');
       }
+    }
+  },
 
+  not: function(expression) {
+    return '!(' + expression + ')';
+  },
 
-      // if we won't have the response in cache, set the xsrf headers and
-      // send the request to the backend
-      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
-        var xsrfValue = urlIsSameOrigin(config.url)
-            ? $$cookieReader()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
-            : undefined;
-        if (xsrfValue) {
-          reqHeaders[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
-        }
+  isNull: function(expression) {
+    return expression + '==null';
+  },
 
-        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
-            config.withCredentials, config.responseType,
-            createApplyHandlers(config.eventHandlers),
-            createApplyHandlers(config.uploadEventHandlers));
-      }
+  notNull: function(expression) {
+    return expression + '!=null';
+  },
 
-      return promise;
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right) {
+    var SAFE_IDENTIFIER = /^[$_a-zA-Z][$_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/;
+    var UNSAFE_CHARACTERS = /[^$_a-zA-Z0-9]/g;
+    if (SAFE_IDENTIFIER.test(right)) {
+      return left + '.' + right;
+    } else {
+      return left  + '["' + right.replace(UNSAFE_CHARACTERS, this.stringEscapeFn) + '"]';
+    }
+  },
 
-      function createApplyHandlers(eventHandlers) {
-        if (eventHandlers) {
-          var applyHandlers = {};
-          forEach(eventHandlers, function(eventHandler, key) {
-            applyHandlers[key] = function(event) {
-              if (useApplyAsync) {
-                $rootScope.$applyAsync(callEventHandler);
-              } else if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-                callEventHandler();
-              } else {
-                $rootScope.$apply(callEventHandler);
-              }
+  computedMember: function(left, right) {
+    return left + '[' + right + ']';
+  },
 
-              function callEventHandler() {
-                eventHandler(event);
-              }
-            };
-          });
-          return applyHandlers;
-        }
-      }
+  member: function(left, right, computed) {
+    if (computed) return this.computedMember(left, right);
+    return this.nonComputedMember(left, right);
+  },
 
+  getStringValue: function(item) {
+    this.assign(item, 'getStringValue(' + item + ')');
+  },
 
-      /**
-       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
-       *  - caches the response if desired
-       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
-       *  - calls $apply
-       */
-      function done(status, response, headersString, statusText) {
-        if (cache) {
-          if (isSuccess(status)) {
-            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString), statusText]);
-          } else {
-            // remove promise from the cache
-            cache.remove(url);
-          }
-        }
+  lazyRecurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.recurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck);
+    };
+  },
 
-        function resolveHttpPromise() {
-          resolvePromise(response, status, headersString, statusText);
-        }
+  lazyAssign: function(id, value) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.assign(id, value);
+    };
+  },
 
-        if (useApplyAsync) {
-          $rootScope.$applyAsync(resolveHttpPromise);
-        } else {
-          resolveHttpPromise();
-          if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
-        }
-      }
+  stringEscapeRegex: /[^ a-zA-Z0-9]/g,
 
+  stringEscapeFn: function(c) {
+    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
+  },
 
-      /**
-       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
-       */
-      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers, statusText) {
-        //status: HTTP response status code, 0, -1 (aborted by timeout / promise)
-        status = status >= -1 ? status : 0;
-
-        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
-          data: response,
-          status: status,
-          headers: headersGetter(headers),
-          config: config,
-          statusText: statusText
-        });
-      }
+  escape: function(value) {
+    if (isString(value)) return '\'' + value.replace(this.stringEscapeRegex, this.stringEscapeFn) + '\'';
+    if (isNumber(value)) return value.toString();
+    if (value === true) return 'true';
+    if (value === false) return 'false';
+    if (value === null) return 'null';
+    if (typeof value === 'undefined') return 'undefined';
 
-      function resolvePromiseWithResult(result) {
-        resolvePromise(result.data, result.status, shallowCopy(result.headers()), result.statusText);
-      }
+    throw $parseMinErr('esc', 'IMPOSSIBLE');
+  },
 
-      function removePendingReq() {
-        var idx = $http.pendingRequests.indexOf(config);
-        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
-      }
+  nextId: function(skip, init) {
+    var id = 'v' + (this.state.nextId++);
+    if (!skip) {
+      this.current().vars.push(id + (init ? '=' + init : ''));
     }
+    return id;
+  },
+
+  current: function() {
+    return this.state[this.state.computing];
+  }
+};
 
 
-    function buildUrl(url, serializedParams) {
-      if (serializedParams.length > 0) {
-        url += ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;
-      }
-      return url;
-    }
-  }];
+function ASTInterpreter($filter) {
+  this.$filter = $filter;
 }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $xhrFactory
- *
- * @description
- * Factory function used to create XMLHttpRequest objects.
- *
- * Replace or decorate this service to create your own custom XMLHttpRequest objects.
- *
- * ```
- * angular.module('myApp', [])
- * .factory('$xhrFactory', function() {
- *   return function createXhr(method, url) {
- *     return new window.XMLHttpRequest({mozSystem: true});
- *   };
- * });
- * ```
- *
- * @param {string} method HTTP method of the request (GET, POST, PUT, ..)
- * @param {string} url URL of the request.
- */
-function $xhrFactoryProvider() {
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function createXhr() {
-      return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $httpBackend
- * @requires $jsonpCallbacks
- * @requires $document
- * @requires $xhrFactory
- *
- * @description
- * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
- * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
- *
- * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
- * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
- *
- * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
- * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
- */
-function $HttpBackendProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$browser', '$jsonpCallbacks', '$document', '$xhrFactory', function($browser, $jsonpCallbacks, $document, $xhrFactory) {
-    return createHttpBackend($browser, $xhrFactory, $browser.defer, $jsonpCallbacks, $document[0]);
-  }];
-}
-
-function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
-  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
-  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType, eventHandlers, uploadEventHandlers) {
-    $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
-    url = url || $browser.url();
-
-    if (lowercase(method) === 'jsonp') {
-      var callbackPath = callbacks.createCallback(url);
-      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, function(status, text) {
-        // jsonpReq only ever sets status to 200 (OK), 404 (ERROR) or -1 (WAITING)
-        var response = (status === 200) && callbacks.getResponse(callbackPath);
-        completeRequest(callback, status, response, "", text);
-        callbacks.removeCallback(callbackPath);
-      });
-    } else {
-
-      var xhr = createXhr(method, url);
-
-      xhr.open(method, url, true);
-      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
-        if (isDefined(value)) {
-            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
-        }
+ASTInterpreter.prototype = {
+  compile: function(ast) {
+    var self = this;
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var assignable;
+    var assign;
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      assign = this.recurse(assignable);
+    }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    var inputs;
+    if (toWatch) {
+      inputs = [];
+      forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+        var input = self.recurse(watch);
+        input.isPure = watch.isPure;
+        watch.input = input;
+        inputs.push(input);
+        watch.watchId = key;
       });
-
-      xhr.onload = function requestLoaded() {
-        var statusText = xhr.statusText || '';
-
-        // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE9)
-        // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
-        var response = ('response' in xhr) ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
-
-        // normalize IE9 bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
-        var status = xhr.status === 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;
-
-        // fix status code when it is 0 (0 status is undocumented).
-        // Occurs when accessing file resources or on Android 4.1 stock browser
-        // while retrieving files from application cache.
-        if (status === 0) {
-          status = response ? 200 : urlResolve(url).protocol == 'file' ? 404 : 0;
-        }
-
-        completeRequest(callback,
-            status,
-            response,
-            xhr.getAllResponseHeaders(),
-            statusText);
+    }
+    var expressions = [];
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expression) {
+      expressions.push(self.recurse(expression.expression));
+    });
+    var fn = ast.body.length === 0 ? noop :
+             ast.body.length === 1 ? expressions[0] :
+             function(scope, locals) {
+               var lastValue;
+               forEach(expressions, function(exp) {
+                 lastValue = exp(scope, locals);
+               });
+               return lastValue;
+             };
+    if (assign) {
+      fn.assign = function(scope, value, locals) {
+        return assign(scope, locals, value);
       };
+    }
+    if (inputs) {
+      fn.inputs = inputs;
+    }
+    return fn;
+  },
 
-      var requestError = function() {
-        // The response is always empty
-        // See https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#request-error-steps and https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-network-error
-        completeRequest(callback, -1, null, null, '');
+  recurse: function(ast, context, create) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args;
+    if (ast.input) {
+      return this.inputs(ast.input, ast.watchId);
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Literal:
+      return this.value(ast.value, context);
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      right = this.recurse(ast.argument);
+      return this['unary' + ast.operator](right, context);
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      return this['ternary?:'](
+        this.recurse(ast.test),
+        this.recurse(ast.alternate),
+        this.recurse(ast.consequent),
+        context
+      );
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      return self.identifier(ast.name, context, create);
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.object, false, !!create);
+      if (!ast.computed) {
+        right = ast.property.name;
+      }
+      if (ast.computed) right = this.recurse(ast.property);
+      return ast.computed ?
+        this.computedMember(left, right, context, create) :
+        this.nonComputedMember(left, right, context, create);
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
+      });
+      if (ast.filter) right = this.$filter(ast.callee.name);
+      if (!ast.filter) right = this.recurse(ast.callee, true);
+      return ast.filter ?
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var values = [];
+          for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+            values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+          }
+          var value = right.apply(undefined, values, inputs);
+          return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value;
+        } :
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          var value;
+          if (rhs.value != null) {
+            var values = [];
+            for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+              values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+            }
+            value = rhs.value.apply(rhs.context, values);
+          }
+          return context ? {value: value} : value;
+        };
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left, true, 1);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        lhs.context[lhs.name] = rhs;
+        return context ? {value: rhs} : rhs;
       };
-
-      xhr.onerror = requestError;
-      xhr.onabort = requestError;
-
-      forEach(eventHandlers, function(value, key) {
-          xhr.addEventListener(key, value);
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
       });
-
-      forEach(uploadEventHandlers, function(value, key) {
-        xhr.upload.addEventListener(key, value);
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          value.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+        }
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        if (property.computed) {
+          args.push({key: self.recurse(property.key),
+                     computed: true,
+                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
+          });
+        } else {
+          args.push({key: property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
+                          property.key.name :
+                          ('' + property.key.value),
+                     computed: false,
+                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
+          });
+        }
       });
-
-      if (withCredentials) {
-        xhr.withCredentials = true;
-      }
-
-      if (responseType) {
-        try {
-          xhr.responseType = responseType;
-        } catch (e) {
-          // WebKit added support for the json responseType value on 09/03/2013
-          // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73648. Versions of Safari prior to 7 are
-          // known to throw when setting the value "json" as the response type. Other older
-          // browsers implementing the responseType
-          //
-          // The json response type can be ignored if not supported, because JSON payloads are
-          // parsed on the client-side regardless.
-          if (responseType !== 'json') {
-            throw e;
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = {};
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          if (args[i].computed) {
+            value[args[i].key(scope, locals, assign, inputs)] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          } else {
+            value[args[i].key] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
           }
         }
-      }
-
-      xhr.send(isUndefined(post) ? null : post);
-    }
-
-    if (timeout > 0) {
-      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(timeoutRequest, timeout);
-    } else if (isPromiseLike(timeout)) {
-      timeout.then(timeoutRequest);
-    }
-
-
-    function timeoutRequest() {
-      jsonpDone && jsonpDone();
-      xhr && xhr.abort();
-    }
-
-    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString, statusText) {
-      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
-      if (isDefined(timeoutId)) {
-        $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
-      }
-      jsonpDone = xhr = null;
-
-      callback(status, response, headersString, statusText);
-      $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      return function(scope) {
+        return context ? {value: scope} : scope;
+      };
+    case AST.LocalsExpression:
+      return function(scope, locals) {
+        return context ? {value: locals} : locals;
+      };
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      return function(scope, locals, assign) {
+        return context ? {value: assign} : assign;
+      };
     }
-  };
+  },
 
-  function jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, done) {
-    url = url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', callbackPath);
-    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy stuff with script elements, e.g.:
-    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
-    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
-    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'), callback = null;
-    script.type = "text/javascript";
-    script.src = url;
-    script.async = true;
-
-    callback = function(event) {
-      removeEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
-      removeEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
-      rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
-      script = null;
-      var status = -1;
-      var text = "unknown";
-
-      if (event) {
-        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks.wasCalled(callbackPath)) {
-          event = { type: "error" };
-        }
-        text = event.type;
-        status = event.type === "error" ? 404 : 200;
+  'unary+': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = +arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = 0;
       }
-
-      if (done) {
-        done(status, text);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'unary-': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = -arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = -0;
       }
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
     };
-
-    addEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
-    addEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
-    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
-    return callback;
-  }
-}
-
-var $interpolateMinErr = angular.$interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');
-$interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat = function(text) {
-  throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
-      "Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows " +
-      "interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is " +
-      "required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce", text);
-};
-
-$interpolateMinErr.interr = function(text, err) {
-  return $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text, err.toString());
-};
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $interpolateProvider
- *
- * @description
- *
- * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * This feature is sometimes used to mix different markup languages, e.g. to wrap an Angular
- * template within a Python Jinja template (or any other template language). Mixing templating
- * languages is **very dangerous**. The embedding template language will not safely escape Angular
- * expressions, so any user-controlled values in the template will cause Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
- * security bugs!
- * </div>
- *
- * @example
-<example name="custom-interpolation-markup" module="customInterpolationApp">
-<file name="index.html">
-<script>
-  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);
-
-  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
-    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
-    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
-  });
-
-
-  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function() {
-      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
-  });
-</script>
-<div ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
-    //demo.label//
-</div>
-</file>
-<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-  it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
-    expect(element(by.binding('demo.label')).getText()).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
-  });
-</file>
-</example>
- */
-function $InterpolateProvider() {
-  var startSymbol = '{{';
-  var endSymbol = '}}';
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $interpolateProvider#startSymbol
-   * @description
-   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
-   *
-   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
-   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
-   */
-  this.startSymbol = function(value) {
-    if (value) {
-      startSymbol = value;
-      return this;
-    } else {
-      return startSymbol;
-    }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $interpolateProvider#endSymbol
-   * @description
-   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
-   *
-   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
-   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
-   */
-  this.endSymbol = function(value) {
-    if (value) {
-      endSymbol = value;
-      return this;
-    } else {
-      return endSymbol;
-    }
-  };
-
-
-  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
-    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
-        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length,
-        escapedStartRegexp = new RegExp(startSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g'),
-        escapedEndRegexp = new RegExp(endSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g');
-
-    function escape(ch) {
-      return '\\\\\\' + ch;
-    }
-
-    function unescapeText(text) {
-      return text.replace(escapedStartRegexp, startSymbol).
-        replace(escapedEndRegexp, endSymbol);
-    }
-
-    function stringify(value) {
-      if (value == null) { // null || undefined
-        return '';
+  },
+  'unary!': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = !argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary+': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = plusFn(lhs, rhs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary-': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = (isDefined(lhs) ? lhs : 0) - (isDefined(rhs) ? rhs : 0);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary*': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) * right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary/': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) / right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary%': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) % right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary===': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) === right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) !== right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) == right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) != right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) < right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) > right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) <= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) >= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary&&': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) && right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary||': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) || right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'ternary?:': function(test, alternate, consequent, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = test(scope, locals, assign, inputs) ? alternate(scope, locals, assign, inputs) : consequent(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  value: function(value, context) {
+    return function() { return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value; };
+  },
+  identifier: function(name, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var base = locals && (name in locals) ? locals : scope;
+      if (create && create !== 1 && base && base[name] == null) {
+        base[name] = {};
       }
-      switch (typeof value) {
-        case 'string':
-          break;
-        case 'number':
-          value = '' + value;
-          break;
-        default:
-          value = toJson(value);
+      var value = base ? base[name] : undefined;
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: base, name: name, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
       }
-
-      return value;
-    }
-
-    //TODO: this is the same as the constantWatchDelegate in parse.js
-    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, constantInterp) {
-      var unwatch;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantInterpolateWatch(scope) {
-        unwatch();
-        return constantInterp(scope);
-      }, listener, objectEquality);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc service
-     * @name $interpolate
-     * @kind function
-     *
-     * @requires $parse
-     * @requires $sce
-     *
-     * @description
-     *
-     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
-     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
-     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
-     * interpolation markup.
-     *
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
-     *   var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
-     *   expect(exp({name:'Angular'})).toEqual('Hello ANGULAR!');
-     * ```
-     *
-     * `$interpolate` takes an optional fourth argument, `allOrNothing`. If `allOrNothing` is
-     * `true`, the interpolation function will return `undefined` unless all embedded expressions
-     * evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
-     *   var context = {greeting: 'Hello', name: undefined };
-     *
-     *   // default "forgiving" mode
-     *   var exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!');
-     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello !');
-     *
-     *   // "allOrNothing" mode
-     *   exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!', false, null, true);
-     *   expect(exp(context)).toBeUndefined();
-     *   context.name = 'Angular';
-     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello Angular!');
-     * ```
-     *
-     * `allOrNothing` is useful for interpolating URLs. `ngSrc` and `ngSrcset` use this behavior.
-     *
-     * #### Escaped Interpolation
-     * $interpolate provides a mechanism for escaping interpolation markers. Start and end markers
-     * can be escaped by preceding each of their characters with a REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash).
-     * It will be rendered as a regular start/end marker, and will not be interpreted as an expression
-     * or binding.
-     *
-     * This enables web-servers to prevent script injection attacks and defacing attacks, to some
-     * degree, while also enabling code examples to work without relying on the
-     * {@link ng.directive:ngNonBindable ngNonBindable} directive.
-     *
-     * **For security purposes, it is strongly encouraged that web servers escape user-supplied data,
-     * replacing angle brackets (&lt;, &gt;) with &amp;lt; and &amp;gt; respectively, and replacing all
-     * interpolation start/end markers with their escaped counterparts.**
-     *
-     * Escaped interpolation markers are only replaced with the actual interpolation markers in rendered
-     * output when the $interpolate service processes the text. So, for HTML elements interpolated
-     * by {@link ng.$compile $compile}, or otherwise interpolated with the `mustHaveExpression` parameter
-     * set to `true`, the interpolated text must contain an unescaped interpolation expression. As such,
-     * this is typically useful only when user-data is used in rendering a template from the server, or
-     * when otherwise untrusted data is used by a directive.
-     *
-     * <example>
-     *  <file name="index.html">
-     *    <div ng-init="username='A user'">
-     *      <p ng-init="apptitle='Escaping demo'">{{apptitle}}: \{\{ username = "defaced value"; \}\}
-     *        </p>
-     *      <p><strong>{{username}}</strong> attempts to inject code which will deface the
-     *        application, but fails to accomplish their task, because the server has correctly
-     *        escaped the interpolation start/end markers with REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash)
-     *        characters.</p>
-     *      <p>Instead, the result of the attempted script injection is visible, and can be removed
-     *        from the database by an administrator.</p>
-     *    </div>
-     *  </file>
-     * </example>
-     *
-     * @knownIssue
-     * It is currently not possible for an interpolated expression to contain the interpolation end
-     * symbol. For example, `{{ '}}' }}` will be incorrectly interpreted as `{{ ' }}` + `' }}`, i.e.
-     * an interpolated expression consisting of a single-quote (`'`) and the `' }}` string.
-     *
-     * @knownIssue
-     * All directives and components must use the standard `{{` `}}` interpolation symbols
-     * in their templates. If you change the application interpolation symbols the {@link $compile}
-     * service will attempt to denormalize the standard symbols to the custom symbols.
-     * The denormalization process is not clever enough to know not to replace instances of the standard
-     * symbols where they would not normally be treated as interpolation symbols. For example in the following
-     * code snippet the closing braces of the literal object will get incorrectly denormalized:
-     *
-     * ```
-     * <div data-context='{"context":{"id":3,"type":"page"}}">
-     * ```
-     *
-     * The workaround is to ensure that such instances are separated by whitespace:
-     * ```
-     * <div data-context='{"context":{"id":3,"type":"page"} }">
-     * ```
-     *
-     * See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/14610#issuecomment-219401099 for more information.
-     *
-     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
-     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
-     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
-     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
-     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
-     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
-     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
-     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
-     * @param {boolean=} allOrNothing if `true`, then the returned function returns undefined
-     *    unless all embedded expressions evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
-     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
-     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
-     *
-     * - `context`: evaluation context for all expressions embedded in the interpolated text
-     */
-    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext, allOrNothing) {
-      // Provide a quick exit and simplified result function for text with no interpolation
-      if (!text.length || text.indexOf(startSymbol) === -1) {
-        var constantInterp;
-        if (!mustHaveExpression) {
-          var unescapedText = unescapeText(text);
-          constantInterp = valueFn(unescapedText);
-          constantInterp.exp = text;
-          constantInterp.expressions = [];
-          constantInterp.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
-        }
-        return constantInterp;
-      }
-
-      allOrNothing = !!allOrNothing;
-      var startIndex,
-          endIndex,
-          index = 0,
-          expressions = [],
-          parseFns = [],
-          textLength = text.length,
-          exp,
-          concat = [],
-          expressionPositions = [];
-
-      while (index < textLength) {
-        if (((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) != -1) &&
-             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) != -1)) {
-          if (index !== startIndex) {
-            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index, startIndex)));
-          }
-          exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex);
-          expressions.push(exp);
-          parseFns.push($parse(exp, parseStringifyInterceptor));
-          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
-          expressionPositions.push(concat.length);
-          concat.push('');
-        } else {
-          // we did not find an interpolation, so we have to add the remainder to the separators array
-          if (index !== textLength) {
-            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index)));
+    };
+  },
+  computedMember: function(left, right, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs;
+      var value;
+      if (lhs != null) {
+        rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        rhs = getStringValue(rhs);
+        if (create && create !== 1) {
+          if (lhs && !(lhs[rhs])) {
+            lhs[rhs] = {};
           }
-          break;
         }
+        value = lhs[rhs];
       }
-
-      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
-      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
-      // single expression be used for iframe[src], object[src], etc., we ensure that the value
-      // that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere that is more testable or
-      // make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled value.  This helps reduce
-      // the load when auditing for XSS issues.
-      if (trustedContext && concat.length > 1) {
-          $interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat(text);
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: rhs, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (create && create !== 1) {
+        if (lhs && lhs[right] == null) {
+          lhs[right] = {};
+        }
+      }
+      var value = lhs != null ? lhs[right] : undefined;
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: right, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
       }
+    };
+  },
+  inputs: function(input, watchId) {
+    return function(scope, value, locals, inputs) {
+      if (inputs) return inputs[watchId];
+      return input(scope, value, locals);
+    };
+  }
+};
 
-      if (!mustHaveExpression || expressions.length) {
-        var compute = function(values) {
-          for (var i = 0, ii = expressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
-            if (allOrNothing && isUndefined(values[i])) return;
-            concat[expressionPositions[i]] = values[i];
-          }
-          return concat.join('');
-        };
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+function Parser(lexer, $filter, options) {
+  this.ast = new AST(lexer, options);
+  this.astCompiler = options.csp ? new ASTInterpreter($filter) :
+                                   new ASTCompiler($filter);
+}
 
-        var getValue = function(value) {
-          return trustedContext ?
-            $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, value) :
-            $sce.valueOf(value);
-        };
+Parser.prototype = {
+  constructor: Parser,
 
-        return extend(function interpolationFn(context) {
-            var i = 0;
-            var ii = expressions.length;
-            var values = new Array(ii);
+  parse: function(text) {
+    var ast = this.getAst(text);
+    var fn = this.astCompiler.compile(ast.ast);
+    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast.ast);
+    fn.constant = isConstant(ast.ast);
+    fn.oneTime = ast.oneTime;
+    return fn;
+  },
 
-            try {
-              for (; i < ii; i++) {
-                values[i] = parseFns[i](context);
-              }
+  getAst: function(exp) {
+    var oneTime = false;
+    exp = exp.trim();
 
-              return compute(values);
-            } catch (err) {
-              $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
-            }
+    if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
+      oneTime = true;
+      exp = exp.substring(2);
+    }
+    return {
+      ast: this.ast.ast(exp),
+      oneTime: oneTime
+    };
+  }
+};
 
-          }, {
-          // all of these properties are undocumented for now
-          exp: text, //just for compatibility with regular watchers created via $watch
-          expressions: expressions,
-          $$watchDelegate: function(scope, listener) {
-            var lastValue;
-            return scope.$watchGroup(parseFns, function interpolateFnWatcher(values, oldValues) {
-              var currValue = compute(values);
-              if (isFunction(listener)) {
-                listener.call(this, currValue, values !== oldValues ? lastValue : currValue, scope);
-              }
-              lastValue = currValue;
-            });
+function getValueOf(value) {
+  return isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : objectValueOf.call(value);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $parse
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Converts AngularJS {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
+ *   var setter = getter.assign;
+ *   var context = {user:{name:'AngularJS'}};
+ *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
+ *
+ *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('AngularJS');
+ *   setter(context, 'newValue');
+ *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
+ *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+ * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+ *
+ *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+ *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+ *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+ *      `context`.
+ *
+ *    The returned function also has the following properties:
+ *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
+ *        literal.
+ *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
+ *        constant literals.
+ *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
+ *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $parseProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
+ *  service.
+ */
+function $ParseProvider() {
+  var cache = createMap();
+  var literals = {
+    'true': true,
+    'false': false,
+    'null': null,
+    'undefined': undefined
+  };
+  var identStart, identContinue;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $parseProvider#addLiteral
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Configure $parse service to add literal values that will be present as literal at expressions.
+   *
+   * @param {string} literalName Token for the literal value. The literal name value must be a valid literal name.
+   * @param {*} literalValue Value for this literal. All literal values must be primitives or `undefined`.
+   *
+   **/
+  this.addLiteral = function(literalName, literalValue) {
+    literals[literalName] = literalValue;
+  };
+
+ /**
+  * @ngdoc method
+  * @name $parseProvider#setIdentifierFns
+  *
+  * @description
+  *
+  * Allows defining the set of characters that are allowed in AngularJS expressions. The function
+  * `identifierStart` will get called to know if a given character is a valid character to be the
+  * first character for an identifier. The function `identifierContinue` will get called to know if
+  * a given character is a valid character to be a follow-up identifier character. The functions
+  * `identifierStart` and `identifierContinue` will receive as arguments the single character to be
+  * identifier and the character code point. These arguments will be `string` and `numeric`. Keep in
+  * mind that the `string` parameter can be two characters long depending on the character
+  * representation. It is expected for the function to return `true` or `false`, whether that
+  * character is allowed or not.
+  *
+  * Since this function will be called extensively, keep the implementation of these functions fast,
+  * as the performance of these functions have a direct impact on the expressions parsing speed.
+  *
+  * @param {function=} identifierStart The function that will decide whether the given character is
+  *   a valid identifier start character.
+  * @param {function=} identifierContinue The function that will decide whether the given character is
+  *   a valid identifier continue character.
+  */
+  this.setIdentifierFns = function(identifierStart, identifierContinue) {
+    identStart = identifierStart;
+    identContinue = identifierContinue;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$filter', function($filter) {
+    var noUnsafeEval = csp().noUnsafeEval;
+    var $parseOptions = {
+          csp: noUnsafeEval,
+          literals: copy(literals),
+          isIdentifierStart: isFunction(identStart) && identStart,
+          isIdentifierContinue: isFunction(identContinue) && identContinue
+        };
+    $parse.$$getAst = $$getAst;
+    return $parse;
+
+    function $parse(exp, interceptorFn) {
+      var parsedExpression, cacheKey;
+
+      switch (typeof exp) {
+        case 'string':
+          exp = exp.trim();
+          cacheKey = exp;
+
+          parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
+
+          if (!parsedExpression) {
+            var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
+            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
+            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);
+
+            cache[cacheKey] = addWatchDelegate(parsedExpression);
           }
-        });
-      }
+          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);
 
-      function parseStringifyInterceptor(value) {
-        try {
-          value = getValue(value);
-          return allOrNothing && !isDefined(value) ? value : stringify(value);
-        } catch (err) {
-          $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
-        }
+        case 'function':
+          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);
+
+        default:
+          return addInterceptor(noop, interceptorFn);
       }
     }
 
+    function $$getAst(exp) {
+      var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
+      var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
+      return parser.getAst(exp).ast;
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $interpolate#startSymbol
-     * @description
-     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
-     *
-     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol `$interpolateProvider.startSymbol`} to change
-     * the symbol.
-     *
-     * @returns {string} start symbol.
-     */
-    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
-      return startSymbol;
-    };
+    function expressionInputDirtyCheck(newValue, oldValueOfValue, compareObjectIdentity) {
 
+      if (newValue == null || oldValueOfValue == null) { // null/undefined
+        return newValue === oldValueOfValue;
+      }
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $interpolate#endSymbol
-     * @description
-     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
-     *
-     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol `$interpolateProvider.endSymbol`} to change
-     * the symbol.
-     *
-     * @returns {string} end symbol.
-     */
-    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
-      return endSymbol;
-    };
+      if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
 
-    return $interpolate;
-  }];
-}
+        // attempt to convert the value to a primitive type
+        // TODO(docs): add a note to docs that by implementing valueOf even objects and arrays can
+        //             be cheaply dirty-checked
+        newValue = getValueOf(newValue);
 
-function $IntervalProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q', '$$q', '$browser',
-       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q,   $$q,   $browser) {
-    var intervals = {};
+        if (typeof newValue === 'object' && !compareObjectIdentity) {
+          // objects/arrays are not supported - deep-watching them would be too expensive
+          return false;
+        }
 
+        // fall-through to the primitive equality check
+      }
 
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc service
-      * @name $interval
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
-      * milliseconds.
-      *
-      * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
-      * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
-      * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
-      * number of iterations that have run.
-      * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
-      *
-      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
-      * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
-      * time.
-      *
-      * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-      * **Note**: Intervals created by this service must be explicitly destroyed when you are finished
-      * with them.  In particular they are not automatically destroyed when a controller's scope or a
-      * directive's element are destroyed.
-      * You should take this into consideration and make sure to always cancel the interval at the
-      * appropriate moment.  See the example below for more details on how and when to do this.
-      * </div>
-      *
-      * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly.
-      * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
-      * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
-      *   indefinitely.
-      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
-      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
-      * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
-      * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
-      *
-      * @example
-      * <example module="intervalExample">
-      * <file name="index.html">
-      *   <script>
-      *     angular.module('intervalExample', [])
-      *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$interval',
-      *         function($scope, $interval) {
-      *           $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
-      *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
-      *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
-      *
-      *           var stop;
-      *           $scope.fight = function() {
-      *             // Don't start a new fight if we are already fighting
-      *             if ( angular.isDefined(stop) ) return;
-      *
-      *             stop = $interval(function() {
-      *               if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
-      *                 $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
-      *                 $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
-      *               } else {
-      *                 $scope.stopFight();
-      *               }
-      *             }, 100);
-      *           };
-      *
-      *           $scope.stopFight = function() {
-      *             if (angular.isDefined(stop)) {
-      *               $interval.cancel(stop);
-      *               stop = undefined;
-      *             }
-      *           };
-      *
-      *           $scope.resetFight = function() {
-      *             $scope.blood_1 = 100;
-      *             $scope.blood_2 = 120;
-      *           };
-      *
-      *           $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
-      *             // Make sure that the interval is destroyed too
-      *             $scope.stopFight();
-      *           });
-      *         }])
-      *       // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
-      *       // We inject $interval and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
-      *       .directive('myCurrentTime', ['$interval', 'dateFilter',
-      *         function($interval, dateFilter) {
-      *           // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
-      *           return function(scope, element, attrs) {
-      *             var format,  // date format
-      *                 stopTime; // so that we can cancel the time updates
-      *
-      *             // used to update the UI
-      *             function updateTime() {
-      *               element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
-      *             }
-      *
-      *             // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
-      *             scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
-      *               format = value;
-      *               updateTime();
-      *             });
-      *
-      *             stopTime = $interval(updateTime, 1000);
-      *
-      *             // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
-      *             // to prevent updating time after the DOM element was removed.
-      *             element.on('$destroy', function() {
-      *               $interval.cancel(stopTime);
-      *             });
-      *           }
-      *         }]);
-      *   </script>
-      *
-      *   <div>
-      *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-      *       <label>Date format: <input ng-model="format"></label> <hr/>
-      *       Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
-      *       <hr/>
-      *       Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
-      *       Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
-      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
-      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
-      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
-      *     </div>
-      *   </div>
-      *
-      * </file>
-      * </example>
-      */
-    function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
-      var hasParams = arguments.length > 4,
-          args = hasParams ? sliceArgs(arguments, 4) : [],
-          setInterval = $window.setInterval,
-          clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
-          iteration = 0,
-          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
-          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise;
+      //Primitive or NaN
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+      return newValue === oldValueOfValue || (newValue !== newValue && oldValueOfValue !== oldValueOfValue);
+    }
+
+    function inputsWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
+      var inputExpressions = parsedExpression.inputs;
+      var lastResult;
 
-      count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;
+      if (inputExpressions.length === 1) {
+        var oldInputValueOf = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        inputExpressions = inputExpressions[0];
+        return scope.$watch(function expressionInputWatch(scope) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions(scope);
+          if (!expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOf, inputExpressions.isPure)) {
+            lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, [newInputValue]);
+            oldInputValueOf = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
+          return lastResult;
+        }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+      }
 
-      promise.$$intervalId = setInterval(function tick() {
-        if (skipApply) {
-          $browser.defer(callback);
-        } else {
-          $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+      var oldInputValueOfValues = [];
+      var oldInputValues = [];
+      for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        oldInputValueOfValues[i] = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        oldInputValues[i] = null;
+      }
+
+      return scope.$watch(function expressionInputsWatch(scope) {
+        var changed = false;
+
+        for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions[i](scope);
+          if (changed || (changed = !expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOfValues[i], inputExpressions[i].isPure))) {
+            oldInputValues[i] = newInputValue;
+            oldInputValueOfValues[i] = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
         }
-        deferred.notify(iteration++);
 
-        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
-          deferred.resolve(iteration);
-          clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
-          delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
+        if (changed) {
+          lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, oldInputValues);
         }
 
-        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+        return lastResult;
+      }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+    }
 
-      }, delay);
+    function oneTimeWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
+      var isDone = parsedExpression.literal ? isAllDefined : isDefined;
+      var unwatch, lastValue;
 
-      intervals[promise.$$intervalId] = deferred;
+      var exp = parsedExpression.$$intercepted || parsedExpression;
+      var post = parsedExpression.$$interceptor || identity;
 
-      return promise;
+      var useInputs = parsedExpression.inputs && !exp.inputs;
 
-      function callback() {
-        if (!hasParams) {
-          fn(iteration);
-        } else {
-          fn.apply(null, args);
-        }
-      }
-    }
+      // Propogate the literal/inputs/constant attributes
+      // ... but not oneTime since we are handling it
+      oneTimeWatch.literal = parsedExpression.literal;
+      oneTimeWatch.constant = parsedExpression.constant;
+      oneTimeWatch.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs;
 
+      // Allow other delegates to run on this wrapped expression
+      addWatchDelegate(oneTimeWatch);
 
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc method
-      * @name $interval#cancel
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
-      *
-      * @param {Promise=} promise returned by the `$interval` function.
-      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
-      */
-    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
-      if (promise && promise.$$intervalId in intervals) {
-        intervals[promise.$$intervalId].reject('canceled');
-        $window.clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
-        delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
-        return true;
-      }
-      return false;
-    };
+      unwatch = scope.$watch(oneTimeWatch, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
 
-    return interval;
-  }];
-}
+      return unwatch;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $jsonpCallbacks
- * @requires $window
- * @description
- * This service handles the lifecycle of callbacks to handle JSONP requests.
- * Override this service if you wish to customise where the callbacks are stored and
- * how they vary compared to the requested url.
- */
-var $jsonpCallbacksProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
-    var callbacks = $window.angular.callbacks;
-    var callbackMap = {};
+      function unwatchIfDone() {
+        if (isDone(lastValue)) {
+          unwatch();
+        }
+      }
 
-    function createCallback(callbackId) {
-      var callback = function(data) {
-        callback.data = data;
-        callback.called = true;
-      };
-      callback.id = callbackId;
-      return callback;
+      function oneTimeWatch(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        lastValue = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : exp(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        if (isDone(lastValue)) {
+          scope.$$postDigest(unwatchIfDone);
+        }
+        return post(lastValue);
+      }
     }
 
-    return {
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#createCallback
-       * @param {string} url the url of the JSONP request
-       * @returns {string} the callback path to send to the server as part of the JSONP request
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to create a callback and get hold of the path to the callback
-       * to pass to the server, which will be used to call the callback with its payload in the JSONP response.
-       */
-      createCallback: function(url) {
-        var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.$$counter++).toString(36);
-        var callbackPath = 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId;
-        var callback = createCallback(callbackId);
-        callbackMap[callbackPath] = callbacks[callbackId] = callback;
-        return callbackPath;
-      },
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#wasCalled
-       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
-       * @returns {boolean} whether the callback has been called, as a result of the JSONP response
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to find out whether the JSONP response actually called the
-       * callback that was passed in the request.
-       */
-      wasCalled: function(callbackPath) {
-        return callbackMap[callbackPath].called;
-      },
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#getResponse
-       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
-       * @returns {*} the data received from the response via the registered callback
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to get hold of the data that was provided to the callback
-       * in the JSONP response.
-       */
-      getResponse: function(callbackPath) {
-        return callbackMap[callbackPath].data;
-      },
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#removeCallback
-       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to remove the callback after the JSONP request has
-       * completed or timed-out.
-       */
-      removeCallback: function(callbackPath) {
-        var callback = callbackMap[callbackPath];
-        delete callbacks[callback.id];
-        delete callbackMap[callbackPath];
-      }
-    };
-  }];
-};
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $locale
- *
- * @description
- * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
- * only public api is:
- *
- * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
- */
-
-var PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
-    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
-var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
-
-
-/**
- * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
- *
- * @param {string} path Path to encode
- * @returns {string}
- */
-function encodePath(path) {
-  var segments = path.split('/'),
-      i = segments.length;
-
-  while (i--) {
-    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
-  }
-
-  return segments.join('/');
-}
-
-function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj) {
-  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl);
-
-  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
-  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
-  locationObj.$$port = toInt(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
-}
-
-
-function parseAppUrl(relativeUrl, locationObj) {
-  var prefixed = (relativeUrl.charAt(0) !== '/');
-  if (prefixed) {
-    relativeUrl = '/' + relativeUrl;
-  }
-  var match = urlResolve(relativeUrl);
-  locationObj.$$path = decodeURIComponent(prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ?
-      match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname);
-  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
-  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
-
-  // make sure path starts with '/';
-  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) != '/') {
-    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
-  }
-}
-
-function startsWith(haystack, needle) {
-  return haystack.lastIndexOf(needle, 0) === 0;
-}
-
-/**
- *
- * @param {string} base
- * @param {string} url
- * @returns {string} returns text from `url` after `base` or `undefined` if it does not begin with
- *                   the expected string.
- */
-function stripBaseUrl(base, url) {
-  if (startsWith(url, base)) {
-    return url.substr(base.length);
-  }
-}
-
-
-function stripHash(url) {
-  var index = url.indexOf('#');
-  return index == -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
-}
-
-function trimEmptyHash(url) {
-  return url.replace(/(#.+)|#$/, '$1');
-}
-
-
-function stripFile(url) {
-  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
-}
-
-/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
-function serverBase(url) {
-  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
-}
-
-
-/**
- * LocationHtml5Url represents an url
- * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
- *
- * @constructor
- * @param {string} appBase application base URL
- * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
- * @param {string} basePrefix url path prefix
- */
-function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, basePrefix) {
-  this.$$html5 = true;
-  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
-  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
-
-
-  /**
-   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
-   * @param {string} url HTML5 url
-   * @private
-   */
-  this.$$parse = function(url) {
-    var pathUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
-    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
-      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
-          appBaseNoFile);
+    function isAllDefined(value) {
+      var allDefined = true;
+      forEach(value, function(val) {
+        if (!isDefined(val)) allDefined = false;
+      });
+      return allDefined;
     }
 
-    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this);
-
-    if (!this.$$path) {
-      this.$$path = '/';
+    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
+        unwatch();
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, listener, objectEquality);
+      return unwatch;
     }
 
-    this.$$compose();
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
-   * @private
-   */
-  this.$$compose = function() {
-    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
-        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
-
-    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
-    this.$$absUrl = appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
-  };
+    function addWatchDelegate(parsedExpression) {
+      if (parsedExpression.constant) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
+      } else if (parsedExpression.oneTime) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+      } else if (parsedExpression.inputs) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
+      }
 
-  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
-    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
-      // special case for links to hash fragments:
-      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
-      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
-      return true;
+      return parsedExpression;
     }
-    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
-    var rewrittenUrl;
 
-    if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url))) {
-      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
-      if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(basePrefix, appUrl))) {
-        rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + (stripBaseUrl('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
-      } else {
-        rewrittenUrl = appBase + prevAppUrl;
+    function chainInterceptors(first, second) {
+      function chainedInterceptor(value) {
+        return second(first(value));
       }
-    } else if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
-    } else if (appBaseNoFile == url + '/') {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
-    }
-    if (rewrittenUrl) {
-      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
-    }
-    return !!rewrittenUrl;
-  };
-}
-
-
-/**
- * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
- * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
- * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
- *
- * @constructor
- * @param {string} appBase application base URL
- * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
- * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
- */
-function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
-
-  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
-
-
-  /**
-   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
-   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
-   * @private
-   */
-  this.$$parse = function(url) {
-    var withoutBaseUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url) || stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
-    var withoutHashUrl;
+      chainedInterceptor.$stateful = first.$stateful || second.$stateful;
+      chainedInterceptor.$$pure = first.$$pure && second.$$pure;
 
-    if (!isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl) && withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === '#') {
+      return chainedInterceptor;
+    }
 
-      // The rest of the url starts with a hash so we have
-      // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
-      withoutHashUrl = stripBaseUrl(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
-      if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
-        // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
-        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
-      }
+    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
+      if (!interceptorFn) return parsedExpression;
 
-    } else {
-      // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
-      // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
-      // Otherwise we ignore what is left
-      if (this.$$html5) {
-        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
-      } else {
-        withoutHashUrl = '';
-        if (isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl)) {
-          appBase = url;
-          this.replace();
-        }
+      // Extract any existing interceptors out of the parsedExpression
+      // to ensure the original parsedExpression is always the $$intercepted
+      if (parsedExpression.$$interceptor) {
+        interceptorFn = chainInterceptors(parsedExpression.$$interceptor, interceptorFn);
+        parsedExpression = parsedExpression.$$intercepted;
       }
-    }
-
-    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this);
 
-    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
+      var useInputs = false;
 
-    this.$$compose();
+      var fn = function interceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        return interceptorFn(value);
+      };
 
-    /*
-     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
-     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
-     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
-     * pathname without a drive is set:
-     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
-     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
-     *
-     * Inside of Angular, we're always using pathnames that
-     * do not include drive names for routing.
-     */
-    function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
-      /*
-      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
-      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
-      */
-      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
+      // Maintain references to the interceptor/intercepted
+      fn.$$intercepted = parsedExpression;
+      fn.$$interceptor = interceptorFn;
 
-      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
+      // Propogate the literal/oneTime/constant attributes
+      fn.literal = parsedExpression.literal;
+      fn.oneTime = parsedExpression.oneTime;
+      fn.constant = parsedExpression.constant;
 
-      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
-      if (startsWith(url, base)) {
-        url = url.replace(base, '');
-      }
+      // Treat the interceptor like filters.
+      // If it is not $stateful then only watch its inputs.
+      // If the expression itself has no inputs then use the full expression as an input.
+      if (!interceptorFn.$stateful) {
+        useInputs = !parsedExpression.inputs;
+        fn.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs ? parsedExpression.inputs : [parsedExpression];
 
-      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
-      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
-        return path;
+        if (!interceptorFn.$$pure) {
+          fn.inputs = fn.inputs.map(function(e) {
+              // Remove the isPure flag of inputs when it is not absolute because they are now wrapped in a
+              // non-pure interceptor function.
+              if (e.isPure === PURITY_RELATIVE) {
+                return function depurifier(s) { return e(s); };
+              }
+              return e;
+            });
+        }
       }
 
-      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
-      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+      return addWatchDelegate(fn);
     }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
-   * @private
-   */
-  this.$$compose = function() {
-    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
-        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
-
-    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
-    this.$$absUrl = appBase + (this.$$url ? hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
-  };
+  }];
+}
 
-  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
-    if (stripHash(appBase) == stripHash(url)) {
-      this.$$parse(url);
-      return true;
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $q
+ * @requires $rootScope
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions)
+ * when they are done processing.
+ *
+ * This is a [Promises/A+](https://promisesaplus.com/)-compliant implementation of promises/deferred
+ * objects inspired by [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
+ *
+ * $q can be used in two fashions --- one which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
+ * implementations, and the other which resembles ES6 (ES2015) promises to some degree.
+ *
+ * ## $q constructor
+ *
+ * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
+ * function as the first argument. This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6,
+ * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
+ *
+ * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from ES6 promises are
+ * available yet.
+ *
+ * It can be used like so:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
+ *     return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
+ *       setTimeout(function() {
+ *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *           resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *         } else {
+ *           reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *         }
+ *       }, 1000);
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Note: progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
+ *
+ * Note: unlike ES6 behavior, an exception thrown in the constructor function will NOT implicitly reject the promise.
+ *
+ * However, the more traditional CommonJS-style usage is still available, and documented below.
+ *
+ * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
+ * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
+ * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
+ *
+ * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
+ * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *
+ *     setTimeout(function() {
+ *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
+ *
+ *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *       } else {
+ *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *       }
+ *     }, 1000);
+ *
+ *     return deferred.promise;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   }, function(update) {
+ *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
+ * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
+ * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
+ *
+ * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
+ * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
+ * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
+ * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
+ *
+ * ## The Deferred API
+ *
+ * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
+ * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
+ * of the task.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
+ *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
+ * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
+ *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
+ * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
+ *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ * **Properties**
+ *
+ * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## The Promise API
+ *
+ * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
+ * calling `deferred.promise`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
+ * of the deferred task when it completes.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `then(successCallback, [errorCallback], [notifyCallback])` – regardless of when the promise was or
+ *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
+ *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
+ *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
+ *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
+ *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback` (unless that value is a promise, in which case it is resolved
+ *   with the value which is resolved in that promise using
+ *   [promise chaining](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/es6/promises/#toc-promises-queues)).
+ *   It also notifies via the return value of the `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be
+ *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method. The errorCallback and notifyCallback
+ *   arguments are optional.
+ *
+ * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
+ *
+ * - `finally(callback, notifyCallback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
+ *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
+ *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
+ *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
+ *   more information.
+ *
+ * ## Chaining promises
+ *
+ * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
+ * possible to create a chain of promises:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+ *     return result + 1;
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
+ *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
+ * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
+ * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
+ * $http's response interceptors.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
+ *
+ *  There are two main differences:
+ *
+ * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
+ *   mechanism in AngularJS, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
+ *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
+ * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
+ *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
+ *
+ * ## Testing
+ *
+ *  ```js
+ *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
+ *      var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *      var promise = deferred.promise;
+ *      var resolvedValue;
+ *
+ *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Simulate resolving of promise
+ *      deferred.resolve(123);
+ *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
+ *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
+ *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
+ *      $rootScope.$apply();
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
+ *    }));
+ *  ```
+ *
+ * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
+ *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameter is a function which resolves the
+ *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
+ *
+ * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
+ */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $qProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ */
+function $QProvider() {
+  var errorOnUnhandledRejections = true;
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections);
+  }];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $qProvider#errorOnUnhandledRejections
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides whether to generate an error when a rejected promise is not handled.
+   * This feature is enabled by default.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value Whether to generate an error when a rejected promise is not handled.
+   * @returns {boolean|ng.$qProvider} Current value when called without a new value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.errorOnUnhandledRejections = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      errorOnUnhandledRejections = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return errorOnUnhandledRejections;
     }
-    return false;
   };
 }
 
+/** @this */
+function $$QProvider() {
+  var errorOnUnhandledRejections = true;
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $browser.defer(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections);
+  }];
+
+  this.errorOnUnhandledRejections = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      errorOnUnhandledRejections = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return errorOnUnhandledRejections;
+    }
+  };
+}
 
 /**
- * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
- * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
- * does not support it.
+ * Constructs a promise manager.
  *
- * @constructor
- * @param {string} appBase application base URL
- * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
- * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
+ * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
+ *     debugging purposes.
+ * @param {boolean=} errorOnUnhandledRejections Whether an error should be generated on unhandled
+ *     promises rejections.
+ * @returns {object} Promise manager.
  */
-function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
-  this.$$html5 = true;
-  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
+function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections) {
+  var $qMinErr = minErr('$q', TypeError);
+  var queueSize = 0;
+  var checkQueue = [];
 
-  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
-    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
-      // special case for links to hash fragments:
-      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
-      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
-      return true;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$q#defer
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
+   *
+   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
+   */
+  function defer() {
+    return new Deferred();
+  }
+
+  function Deferred() {
+    var promise = this.promise = new Promise();
+    //Non prototype methods necessary to support unbound execution :/
+    this.resolve = function(val) { resolvePromise(promise, val); };
+    this.reject = function(reason) { rejectPromise(promise, reason); };
+    this.notify = function(progress) { notifyPromise(promise, progress); };
+  }
+
+
+  function Promise() {
+    this.$$state = { status: 0 };
+  }
+
+  extend(Promise.prototype, {
+    then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack) {
+      if (isUndefined(onFulfilled) && isUndefined(onRejected) && isUndefined(progressBack)) {
+        return this;
+      }
+      var result = new Promise();
+
+      this.$$state.pending = this.$$state.pending || [];
+      this.$$state.pending.push([result, onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack]);
+      if (this.$$state.status > 0) scheduleProcessQueue(this.$$state);
+
+      return result;
+    },
+
+    'catch': function(callback) {
+      return this.then(null, callback);
+    },
+
+    'finally': function(callback, progressBack) {
+      return this.then(function(value) {
+        return handleCallback(value, resolve, callback);
+      }, function(error) {
+        return handleCallback(error, reject, callback);
+      }, progressBack);
     }
+  });
 
-    var rewrittenUrl;
-    var appUrl;
+  function processQueue(state) {
+    var fn, promise, pending;
 
-    if (appBase == stripHash(url)) {
-      rewrittenUrl = url;
-    } else if ((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
-    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    pending = state.pending;
+    state.processScheduled = false;
+    state.pending = undefined;
+    try {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = pending.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+        markQStateExceptionHandled(state);
+        promise = pending[i][0];
+        fn = pending[i][state.status];
+        try {
+          if (isFunction(fn)) {
+            resolvePromise(promise, fn(state.value));
+          } else if (state.status === 1) {
+            resolvePromise(promise, state.value);
+          } else {
+            rejectPromise(promise, state.value);
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          rejectPromise(promise, e);
+          // This error is explicitly marked for being passed to the $exceptionHandler
+          if (e && e.$$passToExceptionHandler === true) {
+            exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } finally {
+      --queueSize;
+      if (errorOnUnhandledRejections && queueSize === 0) {
+        nextTick(processChecks);
+      }
     }
-    if (rewrittenUrl) {
-      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+  }
+
+  function processChecks() {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unmodified-loop-condition
+    while (!queueSize && checkQueue.length) {
+      var toCheck = checkQueue.shift();
+      if (!isStateExceptionHandled(toCheck)) {
+        markQStateExceptionHandled(toCheck);
+        var errorMessage = 'Possibly unhandled rejection: ' + toDebugString(toCheck.value);
+        if (isError(toCheck.value)) {
+          exceptionHandler(toCheck.value, errorMessage);
+        } else {
+          exceptionHandler(errorMessage);
+        }
+      }
     }
-    return !!rewrittenUrl;
-  };
+  }
+
+  function scheduleProcessQueue(state) {
+    if (errorOnUnhandledRejections && !state.pending && state.status === 2 && !isStateExceptionHandled(state)) {
+      if (queueSize === 0 && checkQueue.length === 0) {
+        nextTick(processChecks);
+      }
+      checkQueue.push(state);
+    }
+    if (state.processScheduled || !state.pending) return;
+    state.processScheduled = true;
+    ++queueSize;
+    nextTick(function() { processQueue(state); });
+  }
 
-  this.$$compose = function() {
-    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
-        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+  function resolvePromise(promise, val) {
+    if (promise.$$state.status) return;
+    if (val === promise) {
+      $$reject(promise, $qMinErr(
+        'qcycle',
+        'Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself \'{0}\'',
+        val));
+    } else {
+      $$resolve(promise, val);
+    }
 
-    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
-    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE9 does not reload page because of removal of '#'
-    this.$$absUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + this.$$url;
-  };
+  }
 
-}
+  function $$resolve(promise, val) {
+    var then;
+    var done = false;
+    try {
+      if (isObject(val) || isFunction(val)) then = val.then;
+      if (isFunction(then)) {
+        promise.$$state.status = -1;
+        then.call(val, doResolve, doReject, doNotify);
+      } else {
+        promise.$$state.value = val;
+        promise.$$state.status = 1;
+        scheduleProcessQueue(promise.$$state);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      doReject(e);
+    }
 
+    function doResolve(val) {
+      if (done) return;
+      done = true;
+      $$resolve(promise, val);
+    }
+    function doReject(val) {
+      if (done) return;
+      done = true;
+      $$reject(promise, val);
+    }
+    function doNotify(progress) {
+      notifyPromise(promise, progress);
+    }
+  }
 
-var locationPrototype = {
+  function rejectPromise(promise, reason) {
+    if (promise.$$state.status) return;
+    $$reject(promise, reason);
+  }
 
-  /**
-   * Ensure absolute url is initialized.
-   * @private
-   */
-  $$absUrl:'',
+  function $$reject(promise, reason) {
+    promise.$$state.value = reason;
+    promise.$$state.status = 2;
+    scheduleProcessQueue(promise.$$state);
+  }
 
-  /**
-   * Are we in html5 mode?
-   * @private
-   */
-  $$html5: false,
+  function notifyPromise(promise, progress) {
+    var callbacks = promise.$$state.pending;
 
-  /**
-   * Has any change been replacing?
-   * @private
-   */
-  $$replace: false,
+    if ((promise.$$state.status <= 0) && callbacks && callbacks.length) {
+      nextTick(function() {
+        var callback, result;
+        for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          result = callbacks[i][0];
+          callback = callbacks[i][3];
+          try {
+            notifyPromise(result, isFunction(callback) ? callback(progress) : progress);
+          } catch (e) {
+            exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#absUrl
+   * @name $q#reject
+   * @kind function
    *
    * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
-   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
+   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
+   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
+   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
    *
+   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
+   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
+   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
+   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
+   * `reject`.
    *
    * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var absUrl = $location.absUrl();
-   * // => "http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
+   *     //          with the old or a new result
+   *     return result;
+   *   }, function(reason) {
+   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
+   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
+   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
+   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
+   *      // handle the error and recover
+   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
+   *     }
+   *     return $q.reject(reason);
+   *   });
    * ```
    *
-   * @return {string} full url
+   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
    */
-  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
+  function reject(reason) {
+    var result = new Promise();
+    rejectPromise(result, reason);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  function handleCallback(value, resolver, callback) {
+    var callbackOutput = null;
+    try {
+      if (isFunction(callback)) callbackOutput = callback();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return reject(e);
+    }
+    if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
+      return callbackOutput.then(function() {
+        return resolver(value);
+      }, reject);
+    } else {
+      return resolver(value);
+    }
+  }
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#url
+   * @name $q#when
+   * @kind function
    *
    * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var url = $location.url();
-   * // => "/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
-   * ```
+   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
+   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
+   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
    *
-   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
-   * @return {string} url
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
    */
-  url: function(url) {
-    if (isUndefined(url)) {
-      return this.$$url;
-    }
 
-    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
-    if (match[1] || url === '') this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
-    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === '') this.search(match[3] || '');
-    this.hash(match[5] || '');
 
-    return this;
-  },
+  function when(value, callback, errback, progressBack) {
+    var result = new Promise();
+    resolvePromise(result, value);
+    return result.then(callback, errback, progressBack);
+  }
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#protocol
+   * @name $q#resolve
+   * @kind function
    *
    * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return protocol of current url.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var protocol = $location.protocol();
-   * // => "http"
-   * ```
+   * Alias of {@link ng.$q#when when} to maintain naming consistency with ES6.
    *
-   * @return {string} protocol of current url
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
    */
-  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
+  var resolve = when;
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#host
+   * @name $q#all
+   * @kind function
    *
    * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return host of current url.
-   *
-   * Note: compared to the non-angular version `location.host` which returns `hostname:port`, this returns the `hostname` portion only.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var host = $location.host();
-   * // => "example.com"
-   *
-   * // given url http://user:password@example.com:8080/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * host = $location.host();
-   * // => "example.com"
-   * host = location.host;
-   * // => "example.com:8080"
-   * ```
+   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
+   * promises are resolved.
    *
-   * @return {string} host of current url.
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
+   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
+   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
+   *   with the same rejection value.
    */
-  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#port
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return port of current url.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var port = $location.port();
-   * // => 80
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @return {Number} port
-   */
-  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#path
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
-   *
-   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
-   * if it is missing.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var path = $location.path();
-   * // => "/some/path"
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {(string|number)=} path New path
-   * @return {(string|object)} path if called with no parameters, or `$location` if called with a parameter
-   */
-  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
-    path = path !== null ? path.toString() : '';
-    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
-  }),
+  function all(promises) {
+    var result = new Promise(),
+        counter = 0,
+        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#search
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var searchObject = $location.search();
-   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
-   *
-   * // set foo to 'yipee'
-   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
-   * // $location.search() => {foo: 'yipee', baz: 'xoxo'}
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
-   * hash object.
-   *
-   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
-   * of `$location` to the specified value.
-   *
-   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
-   * as duplicate search parameters in the url.
-   *
-   * @param {(string|Number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string or number, then `paramValue`
-   * will override only a single search property.
-   *
-   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
-   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
-   *
-   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
-   *
-   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
-   * value nor trailing equal sign.
-   *
-   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
-   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
-   */
-  search: function(search, paramValue) {
-    switch (arguments.length) {
-      case 0:
-        return this.$$search;
-      case 1:
-        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
-          search = search.toString();
-          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
-        } else if (isObject(search)) {
-          search = copy(search, {});
-          // remove object undefined or null properties
-          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
-            if (value == null) delete search[key];
-          });
+    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
+      counter++;
+      when(promise).then(function(value) {
+        results[key] = value;
+        if (!(--counter)) resolvePromise(result, results);
+      }, function(reason) {
+        rejectPromise(result, reason);
+      });
+    });
 
-          this.$$search = search;
-        } else {
-          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
-              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
-        }
-        break;
-      default:
-        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
-          delete this.$$search[search];
-        } else {
-          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
-        }
+    if (counter === 0) {
+      resolvePromise(result, results);
     }
 
-    this.$$compose();
-    return this;
-  },
+    return result;
+  }
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#hash
+   * @name $q#race
+   * @kind function
    *
    * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Returns the hash fragment when called without any parameters.
-   *
-   * Changes the hash fragment when called with a parameter and returns `$location`.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo#hashValue
-   * var hash = $location.hash();
-   * // => "hashValue"
-   * ```
+   * Returns a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of those promises
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
    *
-   * @param {(string|number)=} hash New hash fragment
-   * @return {string} hash
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of the `promises`
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
    */
-  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', function(hash) {
-    return hash !== null ? hash.toString() : '';
-  }),
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#replace
-   *
-   * @description
-   * If called, all changes to $location during the current `$digest` will replace the current history
-   * record, instead of adding a new one.
-   */
-  replace: function() {
-    this.$$replace = true;
-    return this;
-  }
-};
+  function race(promises) {
+    var deferred = defer();
 
-forEach([LocationHashbangInHtml5Url, LocationHashbangUrl, LocationHtml5Url], function(Location) {
-  Location.prototype = Object.create(locationPrototype);
+    forEach(promises, function(promise) {
+      when(promise).then(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject);
+    });
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#state
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return the history state object when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
-   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
-   *
-   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
-   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
-   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
-   *
-   * @param {object=} state State object for pushState or replaceState
-   * @return {object} state
-   */
-  Location.prototype.state = function(state) {
-    if (!arguments.length) {
-      return this.$$state;
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
+  function $Q(resolver) {
+    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
+      throw $qMinErr('norslvr', 'Expected resolverFn, got \'{0}\'', resolver);
     }
 
-    if (Location !== LocationHtml5Url || !this.$$html5) {
-      throw $locationMinErr('nostate', 'History API state support is available only ' +
-        'in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API');
+    var promise = new Promise();
+
+    function resolveFn(value) {
+      resolvePromise(promise, value);
     }
-    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.state(stateObject)`
-    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
-    // so the modification window is narrow.
-    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
 
-    return this;
-  };
-});
+    function rejectFn(reason) {
+      rejectPromise(promise, reason);
+    }
 
+    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);
 
-function locationGetter(property) {
-  return function() {
-    return this[property];
-  };
-}
+    return promise;
+  }
 
+  // Let's make the instanceof operator work for promises, so that
+  // `new $q(fn) instanceof $q` would evaluate to true.
+  $Q.prototype = Promise.prototype;
 
-function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
-  return function(value) {
-    if (isUndefined(value)) {
-      return this[property];
-    }
+  $Q.defer = defer;
+  $Q.reject = reject;
+  $Q.when = when;
+  $Q.resolve = resolve;
+  $Q.all = all;
+  $Q.race = race;
 
-    this[property] = preprocess(value);
-    this.$$compose();
+  return $Q;
+}
 
-    return this;
-  };
+function isStateExceptionHandled(state) {
+  return !!state.pur;
+}
+function markQStateExceptionHandled(state) {
+  state.pur = true;
+}
+function markQExceptionHandled(q) {
+  // Built-in `$q` promises will always have a `$$state` property. This check is to allow
+  // overwriting `$q` with a different promise library (e.g. Bluebird + angular-bluebird-promises).
+  // (Currently, this is the only method that might be called with a promise, even if it is not
+  // created by the built-in `$q`.)
+  if (q.$$state) {
+    markQStateExceptionHandled(q.$$state);
+  }
 }
 
+/** @this */
+function $$RAFProvider() { //rAF
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
+    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
+                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $location
- *
- * @requires $rootElement
- *
- * @description
- * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
- * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
- * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
- * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
- *
- * **The $location service:**
- *
- * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
- *   - Watch and observe the URL.
- *   - Change the URL.
- * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
- *   - Changes the address bar.
- *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
- *   - Clicks on a link.
- * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
+    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
+    var raf = rafSupported
+      ? function(fn) {
+          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
+          return function() {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
+          };
+        }
+      : function(fn) {
+          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
+          return function() {
+            $timeout.cancel(timer);
+          };
+        };
+
+    raf.supported = rafSupported;
+
+    return raf;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * DESIGN NOTES
  *
- * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
+ * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
+ *
+ * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
+ * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
+ *
+ * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
+ *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
+ *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
+ *     exposed as $$____ properties
+ *
+ * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
+ *   - This means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
+ *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
+ *
+ * Child scopes are created and removed often
+ *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in the middle are expensive; so we use linked lists
+ *
+ * There are fewer watches than observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be implemented
+ * in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of the initialization function which is expensive
+ * to construct.
  */
 
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $locationProvider
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider
  * @description
- * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
+ *
+ * Provider for the $rootScope service.
  */
-function $LocationProvider() {
-  var hashPrefix = '',
-      html5Mode = {
-        enabled: false,
-        requireBase: true,
-        rewriteLinks: true
-      };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
-   * @description
-   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
-   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   */
-  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
-    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
-      hashPrefix = prefix;
-      return this;
-    } else {
-      return hashPrefix;
-    }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
-   * @description
-   * @param {(boolean|Object)=} mode If boolean, sets `html5Mode.enabled` to value.
-   *   If object, sets `enabled`, `requireBase` and `rewriteLinks` to respective values. Supported
-   *   properties:
-   *   - **enabled** – `{boolean}` – (default: false) If true, will rely on `history.pushState` to
-   *     change urls where supported. Will fall back to hash-prefixed paths in browsers that do not
-   *     support `pushState`.
-   *   - **requireBase** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled, specifies
-   *     whether or not a <base> tag is required to be present. If `enabled` and `requireBase` are
-   *     true, and a base tag is not present, an error will be thrown when `$location` is injected.
-   *     See the {@link guide/$location $location guide for more information}
-   *   - **rewriteLinks** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled,
-   *     enables/disables url rewriting for relative links.
-   *
-   * @returns {Object} html5Mode object if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   */
-  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
-    if (isBoolean(mode)) {
-      html5Mode.enabled = mode;
-      return this;
-    } else if (isObject(mode)) {
 
-      if (isBoolean(mode.enabled)) {
-        html5Mode.enabled = mode.enabled;
-      }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
+ * assuming that the model is unstable.
+ *
+ * The current default is 10 iterations.
+ *
+ * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
+ * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
+ * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
+ * continuously change during the digest.
+ *
+ * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
+ * proper justification.
+ *
+ * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
+ */
 
-      if (isBoolean(mode.requireBase)) {
-        html5Mode.requireBase = mode.requireBase;
-      }
 
-      if (isBoolean(mode.rewriteLinks)) {
-        html5Mode.rewriteLinks = mode.rewriteLinks;
-      }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootScope
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+ * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
+ * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
+ * They also provide event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
+ * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
+ */
+function $RootScopeProvider() {
+  var TTL = 10;
+  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
+  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
+  var applyAsyncId = null;
 
-      return this;
-    } else {
-      return html5Mode;
+  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      TTL = value;
     }
+    return TTL;
   };
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc event
-   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
-   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
-   * @description
-   * Broadcasted before a URL will change.
-   *
-   * This change can be prevented by calling
-   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
-   * details about event object. Upon successful change
-   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
-   *
-   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
-   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
-   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
-   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
-   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
-   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
-   */
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc event
-   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
-   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
-   * @description
-   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
-   *
-   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
-   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
-   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
-   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
-   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
-   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
-   */
+  function createChildScopeClass(parent) {
+    function ChildScope() {
+      this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
+          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$ChildScope = null;
+      this.$$suspended = false;
+    }
+    ChildScope.prototype = parent;
+    return ChildScope;
+  }
 
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$window',
-      function($rootScope, $browser, $sniffer, $rootElement, $window) {
-    var $location,
-        LocationMode,
-        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
-        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
-        appBase;
+  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
+      function($exceptionHandler, $parse, $browser) {
 
-    if (html5Mode.enabled) {
-      if (!baseHref && html5Mode.requireBase) {
-        throw $locationMinErr('nobase',
-          "$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!");
-      }
-      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
-      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
-    } else {
-      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
-      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
+    function destroyChildScope($event) {
+        $event.currentScope.$$destroyed = true;
     }
-    var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
 
-    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, appBaseNoFile, '#' + hashPrefix);
-    $location.$$parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
+    function cleanUpScope($scope) {
 
-    $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+      // Support: IE 9 only
+      if (msie === 9) {
+        // There is a memory leak in IE9 if all child scopes are not disconnected
+        // completely when a scope is destroyed. So this code will recurse up through
+        // all this scopes children
+        //
+        // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/10706
+        if ($scope.$$childHead) {
+          cleanUpScope($scope.$$childHead);
+        }
+        if ($scope.$$nextSibling) {
+          cleanUpScope($scope.$$nextSibling);
+        }
+      }
 
-    var IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
+      // The code below works around IE9 and V8's memory leaks
+      //
+      // See:
+      // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
+      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
+      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
 
-    function setBrowserUrlWithFallback(url, replace, state) {
-      var oldUrl = $location.url();
-      var oldState = $location.$$state;
-      try {
-        $browser.url(url, replace, state);
+      $scope.$parent = $scope.$$nextSibling = $scope.$$prevSibling = $scope.$$childHead =
+          $scope.$$childTail = $scope.$root = $scope.$$watchers = null;
+    }
 
-        // Make sure $location.state() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
-        // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
-        // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
-        $location.$$state = $browser.state();
-      } catch (e) {
-        // Restore old values if pushState fails
-        $location.url(oldUrl);
-        $location.$$state = oldState;
-
-        throw e;
-      }
-    }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc type
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
+     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
+     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
+     * compiled HTML template is executed.) See also the {@link guide/scope Scopes guide} for
+     * an in-depth introduction and usage examples.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Inheritance
+     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
+     * ```js
+         var parent = $rootScope;
+         var child = parent.$new();
 
-    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
-      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
-      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
+         parent.salutation = "Hello";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
 
-      if (!html5Mode.rewriteLinks || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey || event.which == 2 || event.button == 2) return;
+         child.salutation = "Welcome";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
+         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * When interacting with `Scope` in tests, additional helper methods are available on the
+     * instances of `Scope` type. See {@link ngMock.$rootScope.Scope ngMock Scope} for additional
+     * details.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
+     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
+     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
+     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
+     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
+     *                              service.
+     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
+     *
+     */
+    function Scope() {
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
+                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
+                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$root = this;
+      this.$$destroyed = false;
+      this.$$suspended = false;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$$isolateBindings = null;
+    }
 
-      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing) useful for debugging.
+     */
 
-      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
-      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
-        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
-        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
-      }
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc property
+      * @name $rootScope.Scope#$parent
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Reference to the parent scope.
+      */
 
-      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
-      // get the actual href attribute - see
-      // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
-      var relHref = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc property
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$root
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Reference to the root scope.
+       */
 
-      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
-        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
-        // an animation.
-        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
-      }
+    Scope.prototype = {
+      constructor: Scope,
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+       *
+       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} event.
+       * The scope can be removed from the scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
+       *
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
+       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
+       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
+       *
+       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
+       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
+       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
+       *         state.
+       *
+       * @param {Scope} [parent=this] The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `Scope`} that will be the `$parent`
+       *                              of the newly created scope. Defaults to `this` scope if not provided.
+       *                              This is used when creating a transclude scope to correctly place it
+       *                              in the scope hierarchy while maintaining the correct prototypical
+       *                              inheritance.
+       *
+       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
+       *
+       */
+      $new: function(isolate, parent) {
+        var child;
 
-      // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
-      if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
+        parent = parent || this;
 
-      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
-        if ($location.$$parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
-          // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the angular application,
-          // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
-          // getting double entries in the location history.
-          event.preventDefault();
-          // update location manually
-          if ($location.absUrl() != $browser.url()) {
-            $rootScope.$apply();
-            // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
-            $window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
+        if (isolate) {
+          child = new Scope();
+          child.$root = this.$root;
+        } else {
+          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
+          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
+          if (!this.$$ChildScope) {
+            this.$$ChildScope = createChildScopeClass(this);
           }
+          child = new this.$$ChildScope();
+        }
+        child.$parent = parent;
+        child.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
+        if (parent.$$childHead) {
+          parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
+          parent.$$childTail = child;
+        } else {
+          parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = child;
         }
-      }
-    });
 
+        // When the new scope is not isolated or we inherit from `this`, and
+        // the parent scope is destroyed, the property `$$destroyed` is inherited
+        // prototypically. In all other cases, this property needs to be set
+        // when the parent scope is destroyed.
+        // The listener needs to be added after the parent is set
+        if (isolate || parent !== this) child.$on('$destroy', destroyChildScope);
 
-    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
-    if (trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl()) != trimEmptyHash(initialUrl)) {
-      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
-    }
+        return child;
+      },
 
-    var initializing = true;
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (`watchExpression` should not change
+       *   its value when executed multiple times with the same input because it may be executed multiple
+       *   times by {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()}. That is, `watchExpression` should be
+       *   [idempotent](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence).)
+       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
+       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
+       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
+       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
+       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
+       *   (see next point)
+       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
+       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
+       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
+       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
+       * - This should not be used to watch for changes in objects that are (or contain)
+       *   [File](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/File) objects due to limitations with {@link angular.copy `angular.copy`}.
+       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
+       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
+       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
+       *
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Be prepared for
+       * multiple calls to your `watchExpression` because it will execute multiple times in a
+       * single {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle if a change is detected.)
+       *
+       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
+       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
+       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
+       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
+       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
+       * listener was called due to initialization.
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
+           var scope = $rootScope;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
 
-    // update $location when $browser url changes
-    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl, newState) {
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
 
-      if (isUndefined(stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, newUrl))) {
-        // If we are navigating outside of the app then force a reload
-        $window.location.href = newUrl;
-        return;
-      }
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-      $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
-        var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
-        var oldState = $location.$$state;
-        var defaultPrevented;
-        newUrl = trimEmptyHash(newUrl);
-        $location.$$parse(newUrl);
-        $location.$$state = newState;
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-        defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
-            newState, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
 
-        // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
-        // processing this location change
-        if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
 
-        if (defaultPrevented) {
-          $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
-          $location.$$state = oldState;
-          setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, false, oldState);
-        } else {
-          initializing = false;
-          afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
-        }
-      });
-      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
-    });
-
-    // update browser
-    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
-      var oldUrl = trimEmptyHash($browser.url());
-      var newUrl = trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl());
-      var oldState = $browser.state();
-      var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
-      var urlOrStateChanged = oldUrl !== newUrl ||
-        ($location.$$html5 && $sniffer.history && oldState !== $location.$$state);
-
-      if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
-        initializing = false;
-
-        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
-          var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
-          var defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
-              $location.$$state, oldState).defaultPrevented;
-
-          // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
-          // processing this location change
-          if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
-
-          if (defaultPrevented) {
-            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
-            $location.$$state = oldState;
-          } else {
-            if (urlOrStateChanged) {
-              setBrowserUrlWithFallback(newUrl, currentReplace,
-                                        oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state);
-            }
-            afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
-          }
-        });
-      }
 
-      $location.$$replace = false;
+           // Using a function as a watchExpression
+           var food;
+           scope.foodCounter = 0;
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch(
+             // This function returns the value being watched. It is called for each turn of the $digest loop
+             function() { return food; },
+             // This is the change listener, called when the value returned from the above function changes
+             function(newValue, oldValue) {
+               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
+                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
+                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
+               }
+             }
+           );
+           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
 
-      // we don't need to return anything because $evalAsync will make the digest loop dirty when
-      // there is a change
-    });
+           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
 
-    return $location;
+           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
+           food = 'cheeseburger';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
 
-    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
-      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl,
-        $location.$$state, oldState);
-    }
-}];
-}
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
+       *    a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
+       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
+       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
+       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
+       * @param {boolean=} [objectEquality=false] Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
+       *     comparing for reference equality.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression) {
+        var get = $parse(watchExp);
+        var fn = isFunction(listener) ? listener : noop;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $log
- * @requires $window
- *
- * @description
- * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
- * into the browser's console (if present).
- *
- * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
- *
- * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
- * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="logExample">
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('logExample', [])
-         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
-           $scope.$log = $log;
-           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="LogController">
-         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
-         <label>Message:
-         <input type="text" ng-model="message" /></label>
-         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.debug(message)">debug</button>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
+          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, fn, objectEquality, get, watchExp);
+        }
+        var scope = this,
+            array = scope.$$watchers,
+            watcher = {
+              fn: fn,
+              last: initWatchVal,
+              get: get,
+              exp: prettyPrintExpression || watchExp,
+              eq: !!objectEquality
+            };
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $logProvider
- * @description
- * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
- */
-function $LogProvider() {
-  var debug = true,
-      self = this;
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
-   * @description
-   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
-   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   */
-  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
-    if (isDefined(flag)) {
-      debug = flag;
-    return this;
-    } else {
-      return debug;
-    }
-  };
+        if (!array) {
+          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
+          array.$$digestWatchIndex = -1;
+        }
+        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
+        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
+        array.unshift(watcher);
+        array.$$digestWatchIndex++;
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, 1);
 
-  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
-    return {
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#log
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Write a log message
-       */
-      log: consoleLog('log'),
+        return function deregisterWatch() {
+          var index = arrayRemove(array, watcher);
+          if (index >= 0) {
+            incrementWatchersCount(scope, -1);
+            if (index < array.$$digestWatchIndex) {
+              array.$$digestWatchIndex--;
+            }
+          }
+          lastDirtyWatch = null;
+        };
+      },
 
       /**
        * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#info
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
+       * @kind function
        *
        * @description
-       * Write an information message
-       */
-      info: consoleLog('info'),
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#warn
+       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
+       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
        *
-       * @description
-       * Write a warning message
-       */
-      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#error
+       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via the standard `$watch` operation. Their return
+       *   values are examined for changes on every call to `$digest`.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
        *
-       * @description
-       * Write an error message
-       */
-      error: consoleLog('error'),
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#debug
+       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
+       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
        *
-       * @description
-       * Write a debug message
+       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
+       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
+       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
        */
-      debug: (function() {
-        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
-
-        return function() {
-          if (debug) {
-            fn.apply(self, arguments);
-          }
-        };
-      }())
-    };
+      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
+        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var deregisterFns = [];
+        var self = this;
+        var changeReactionScheduled = false;
+        var firstRun = true;
 
-    function formatError(arg) {
-      if (arg instanceof Error) {
-        if (arg.stack) {
-          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
-              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
-              : arg.stack;
-        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
-          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
+        if (!watchExpressions.length) {
+          // No expressions means we call the listener ASAP
+          var shouldCall = true;
+          self.$evalAsync(function() {
+            if (shouldCall) listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+          });
+          return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+            shouldCall = false;
+          };
         }
-      }
-      return arg;
-    }
 
-    function consoleLog(type) {
-      var console = $window.console || {},
-          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop,
-          hasApply = false;
-
-      // Note: reading logFn.apply throws an error in IE11 in IE8 document mode.
-      // The reason behind this is that console.log has type "object" in IE8...
-      try {
-        hasApply = !!logFn.apply;
-      } catch (e) {}
-
-      if (hasApply) {
-        return function() {
-          var args = [];
-          forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
-            args.push(formatError(arg));
+        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
+          // Special case size of one
+          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
+            newValues[0] = value;
+            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
+            listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
           });
-          return logFn.apply(console, args);
-        };
-      }
+        }
 
-      // we are IE which either doesn't have window.console => this is noop and we do nothing,
-      // or we are IE where console.log doesn't have apply so we log at least first 2 args
-      return function(arg1, arg2) {
-        logFn(arg1, arg2 == null ? '' : arg2);
-      };
-    }
-  }];
-}
+        forEach(watchExpressions, function(expr, i) {
+          var unwatchFn = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value) {
+            newValues[i] = value;
+            if (!changeReactionScheduled) {
+              changeReactionScheduled = true;
+              self.$evalAsync(watchGroupAction);
+            }
+          });
+          deregisterFns.push(unwatchFn);
+        });
 
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
- *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
- *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
- *                         this file is required.                          *
- *                                                                         *
- *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
- *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
- *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+        function watchGroupAction() {
+          changeReactionScheduled = false;
 
-var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
+          try {
+            if (firstRun) {
+              firstRun = false;
+              listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+            } else {
+              listener(newValues, oldValues, self);
+            }
+          } finally {
+            for (var i = 0; i < watchExpressions.length; i++) {
+              oldValues[i] = newValues[i];
+            }
+          }
+        }
 
-// Sandboxing Angular Expressions
-// ------------------------------
-// Angular expressions are generally considered safe because these expressions only have direct
-// access to `$scope` and locals. However, one can obtain the ability to execute arbitrary JS code by
-// obtaining a reference to native JS functions such as the Function constructor.
-//
-// As an example, consider the following Angular expression:
-//
-//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
-//
-// This sandboxing technique is not perfect and doesn't aim to be. The goal is to prevent exploits
-// against the expression language, but not to prevent exploits that were enabled by exposing
-// sensitive JavaScript or browser APIs on Scope. Exposing such objects on a Scope is never a good
-// practice and therefore we are not even trying to protect against interaction with an object
-// explicitly exposed in this way.
-//
-// In general, it is not possible to access a Window object from an angular expression unless a
-// window or some DOM object that has a reference to window is published onto a Scope.
-// Similarly we prevent invocations of function known to be dangerous, as well as assignments to
-// native objects.
-//
-// See https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/security
+        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+          while (deregisterFns.length) {
+            deregisterFns.shift()();
+          }
+        };
+      },
 
 
-function ensureSafeMemberName(name, fullExpression) {
-  if (name === "__defineGetter__" || name === "__defineSetter__"
-      || name === "__lookupGetter__" || name === "__lookupSetter__"
-      || name === "__proto__") {
-    throw $parseMinErr('isecfld',
-        'Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! '
-        + 'Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
-  }
-  return name;
-}
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
+       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
+       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
+       *
+       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
+       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
+       *
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
+          $scope.dataCount = 4;
 
-function getStringValue(name) {
-  // Property names must be strings. This means that non-string objects cannot be used
-  // as keys in an object. Any non-string object, including a number, is typecasted
-  // into a string via the toString method.
-  // -- MDN, https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_accessors#Property_names
-  //
-  // So, to ensure that we are checking the same `name` that JavaScript would use, we cast it
-  // to a string. It's not always possible. If `name` is an object and its `toString` method is
-  // 'broken' (doesn't return a string, isn't a function, etc.), an error will be thrown:
-  //
-  // TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value
-  //
-  // For performance reasons, we don't catch this error here and allow it to propagate up the call
-  // stack. Note that you'll get the same error in JavaScript if you try to access a property using
-  // such a 'broken' object as a key.
-  return name + '';
-}
+          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
+            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
+          });
 
-function ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExpression) {
-  // nifty check if obj is Function that is fast and works across iframes and other contexts
-  if (obj) {
-    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
-          'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    } else if (// isWindow(obj)
-        obj.window === obj) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecwindow',
-          'Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    } else if (// isElement(obj)
-        obj.children && (obj.nodeName || (obj.prop && obj.attr && obj.find))) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecdom',
-          'Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    } else if (// block Object so that we can't get hold of dangerous Object.* methods
-        obj === Object) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecobj',
-          'Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    }
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+          $scope.$digest();
 
-var CALL = Function.prototype.call;
-var APPLY = Function.prototype.apply;
-var BIND = Function.prototype.bind;
+          //still at 4 ... no changes
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
 
-function ensureSafeFunction(obj, fullExpression) {
-  if (obj) {
-    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
-        'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-        fullExpression);
-    } else if (obj === CALL || obj === APPLY || obj === BIND) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecff',
-        'Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-        fullExpression);
-    }
-  }
-}
+          $scope.names.pop();
+          $scope.$digest();
 
-function ensureSafeAssignContext(obj, fullExpression) {
-  if (obj) {
-    if (obj === (0).constructor || obj === (false).constructor || obj === ''.constructor ||
-        obj === {}.constructor || obj === [].constructor || obj === Function.constructor) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecaf',
-        'Assigning to a constructor is disallowed! Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
-    }
-  }
-}
+          //now there's been a change
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
+       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
+       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
+       *    when a change is detected.
+       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
+       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
+       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
+       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
+       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
+       *
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
+       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
+       */
+      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
+        // Mark the interceptor as
+        // ... $$pure when literal since the instance will change when any input changes
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$$pure = $parse(obj).literal;
+        // ... $stateful when non-literal since we must read the state of the collection
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$stateful = !$watchCollectionInterceptor.$$pure;
 
-var OPERATORS = createMap();
-forEach('+ - * / % === !== == != < > <= >= && || ! = |'.split(' '), function(operator) { OPERATORS[operator] = true; });
-var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};
+        var self = this;
+        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
+        var newValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
+        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
+        var oldValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
+        var veryOldValue;
+        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
+        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
+        var changeDetected = 0;
+        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
+        var internalArray = [];
+        var internalObject = {};
+        var initRun = true;
+        var oldLength = 0;
 
+        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
+          newValue = _value;
+          var newLength, key, bothNaN, newItem, oldItem;
 
-/////////////////////////////////////////
+          // If the new value is undefined, then return undefined as the watch may be a one-time watch
+          if (isUndefined(newValue)) return;
 
+          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
+            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
+              oldValue = newValue;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
+              oldValue = internalArray;
+              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
 
-/**
- * @constructor
- */
-var Lexer = function(options) {
-  this.options = options;
-};
+            newLength = newValue.length;
 
-Lexer.prototype = {
-  constructor: Lexer,
+            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
+              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
+              changeDetected++;
+              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
+              oldItem = oldValue[i];
+              newItem = newValue[i];
 
-  lex: function(text) {
-    this.text = text;
-    this.index = 0;
-    this.tokens = [];
+              // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+              bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+              if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                changeDetected++;
+                oldValue[i] = newItem;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
+              oldValue = internalObject = {};
+              oldLength = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            newLength = 0;
+            for (key in newValue) {
+              if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                newLength++;
+                newItem = newValue[key];
+                oldItem = oldValue[key];
 
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
-      if (ch === '"' || ch === "'") {
-        this.readString(ch);
-      } else if (this.isNumber(ch) || ch === '.' && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
-        this.readNumber();
-      } else if (this.isIdentifierStart(this.peekMultichar())) {
-        this.readIdent();
-      } else if (this.is(ch, '(){}[].,;:?')) {
-        this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch});
-        this.index++;
-      } else if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
-        this.index++;
-      } else {
-        var ch2 = ch + this.peek();
-        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
-        var op1 = OPERATORS[ch];
-        var op2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
-        var op3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
-        if (op1 || op2 || op3) {
-          var token = op3 ? ch3 : (op2 ? ch2 : ch);
-          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: token, operator: true});
-          this.index += token.length;
-        } else {
-          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
+                if (key in oldValue) {
+                  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+                  bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+                  if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                    changeDetected++;
+                    oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  oldLength++;
+                  oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  changeDetected++;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            if (oldLength > newLength) {
+              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
+              changeDetected++;
+              for (key in oldValue) {
+                if (!hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  oldLength--;
+                  delete oldValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return changeDetected;
         }
-      }
-    }
-    return this.tokens;
-  },
-
-  is: function(ch, chars) {
-    return chars.indexOf(ch) !== -1;
-  },
-
-  peek: function(i) {
-    var num = i || 1;
-    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
-  },
-
-  isNumber: function(ch) {
-    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') && typeof ch === "string";
-  },
 
-  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
-    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
-    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
-            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
-  },
+        function $watchCollectionAction() {
+          if (initRun) {
+            initRun = false;
+            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
+          } else {
+            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
+          }
 
-  isIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
-    return this.options.isIdentifierStart ?
-        this.options.isIdentifierStart(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
-        this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch);
-  },
+          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
+          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
+            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
+              //primitive
+              veryOldValue = newValue;
+            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
+              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
+                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
+              }
+            } else { // if object
+              veryOldValue = {};
+              for (var key in newValue) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
 
-  isValidIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
-    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
-            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
-            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
-  },
+        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
+      },
 
-  isIdentifierContinue: function(ch) {
-    return this.options.isIdentifierContinue ?
-        this.options.isIdentifierContinue(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
-        this.isValidIdentifierContinue(ch);
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
+       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
+       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
+       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
+       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
+       * iterations exceeds 10.
+       *
+       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
+       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
+       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
+       *
+       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ...;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
 
-  isValidIdentifierContinue: function(ch, cp) {
-    return this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch, cp) || this.isNumber(ch);
-  },
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
 
-  codePointAt: function(ch) {
-    if (ch.length === 1) return ch.charCodeAt(0);
-    /*jshint bitwise: false*/
-    return (ch.charCodeAt(0) << 10) + ch.charCodeAt(1) - 0x35FDC00;
-    /*jshint bitwise: true*/
-  },
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-  peekMultichar: function() {
-    var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
-    var peek = this.peek();
-    if (!peek) {
-      return ch;
-    }
-    var cp1 = ch.charCodeAt(0);
-    var cp2 = peek.charCodeAt(0);
-    if (cp1 >= 0xD800 && cp1 <= 0xDBFF && cp2 >= 0xDC00 && cp2 <= 0xDFFF) {
-      return ch + peek;
-    }
-    return ch;
-  },
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
-    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
-  },
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+       * ```
+       *
+       */
+      $digest: function() {
+        var watch, value, last, fn, get,
+            watchers,
+            dirty, ttl = TTL,
+            next, current, target = asyncQueue.length ? $rootScope : this,
+            watchLog = [],
+            logIdx, asyncTask;
 
-  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
-    end = end || this.index;
-    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
-            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
-            : ' ' + end);
-    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
-        error, colStr, this.text);
-  },
+        beginPhase('$digest');
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened in sync before the call to $digest
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
 
-  readNumber: function() {
-    var number = '';
-    var start = this.index;
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
-      if (ch == '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
-        number += ch;
-      } else {
-        var peekCh = this.peek();
-        if (ch == 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
-          number += ch;
-        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
-            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
-            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
-          number += ch;
-        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
-            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
-            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
-          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
-        } else {
-          break;
+        if (this === $rootScope && applyAsyncId !== null) {
+          // If this is the root scope, and $applyAsync has scheduled a deferred $apply(), then
+          // cancel the scheduled $apply and flush the queue of expressions to be evaluated.
+          $browser.defer.cancel(applyAsyncId);
+          flushApplyAsync();
         }
-      }
-      this.index++;
-    }
-    this.tokens.push({
-      index: start,
-      text: number,
-      constant: true,
-      value: Number(number)
-    });
-  },
 
-  readIdent: function() {
-    var start = this.index;
-    this.index += this.peekMultichar().length;
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = this.peekMultichar();
-      if (!this.isIdentifierContinue(ch)) {
-        break;
-      }
-      this.index += ch.length;
-    }
-    this.tokens.push({
-      index: start,
-      text: this.text.slice(start, this.index),
-      identifier: true
-    });
-  },
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
 
-  readString: function(quote) {
-    var start = this.index;
-    this.index++;
-    var string = '';
-    var rawString = quote;
-    var escape = false;
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
-      rawString += ch;
-      if (escape) {
-        if (ch === 'u') {
-          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
-          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i)) {
-            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
-          }
-          this.index += 4;
-          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
-        } else {
-          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
-          string = string + (rep || ch);
-        }
-        escape = false;
-      } else if (ch === '\\') {
-        escape = true;
-      } else if (ch === quote) {
-        this.index++;
-        this.tokens.push({
-          index: start,
-          text: rawString,
-          constant: true,
-          value: string
-        });
-        return;
-      } else {
-        string += ch;
-      }
-      this.index++;
-    }
-    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
-  }
-};
+        do { // "while dirty" loop
+          dirty = false;
+          current = target;
 
-var AST = function(lexer, options) {
-  this.lexer = lexer;
-  this.options = options;
-};
+          // It's safe for asyncQueuePosition to be a local variable here because this loop can't
+          // be reentered recursively. Calling $digest from a function passed to $evalAsync would
+          // lead to a '$digest already in progress' error.
+          for (var asyncQueuePosition = 0; asyncQueuePosition < asyncQueue.length; asyncQueuePosition++) {
+            try {
+              asyncTask = asyncQueue[asyncQueuePosition];
+              fn = asyncTask.fn;
+              fn(asyncTask.scope, asyncTask.locals);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+            lastDirtyWatch = null;
+          }
+          asyncQueue.length = 0;
 
-AST.Program = 'Program';
-AST.ExpressionStatement = 'ExpressionStatement';
-AST.AssignmentExpression = 'AssignmentExpression';
-AST.ConditionalExpression = 'ConditionalExpression';
-AST.LogicalExpression = 'LogicalExpression';
-AST.BinaryExpression = 'BinaryExpression';
-AST.UnaryExpression = 'UnaryExpression';
-AST.CallExpression = 'CallExpression';
-AST.MemberExpression = 'MemberExpression';
-AST.Identifier = 'Identifier';
-AST.Literal = 'Literal';
-AST.ArrayExpression = 'ArrayExpression';
-AST.Property = 'Property';
-AST.ObjectExpression = 'ObjectExpression';
-AST.ThisExpression = 'ThisExpression';
-AST.LocalsExpression = 'LocalsExpression';
+          traverseScopesLoop:
+          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
+            if ((watchers = !current.$$suspended && current.$$watchers)) {
+              // process our watches
+              watchers.$$digestWatchIndex = watchers.length;
+              while (watchers.$$digestWatchIndex--) {
+                try {
+                  watch = watchers[watchers.$$digestWatchIndex];
+                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
+                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
+                  if (watch) {
+                    get = watch.get;
+                    if ((value = get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
+                        !(watch.eq
+                            ? equals(value, last)
+                            : (isNumberNaN(value) && isNumberNaN(last)))) {
+                      dirty = true;
+                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
+                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
+                      fn = watch.fn;
+                      fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
+                      if (ttl < 5) {
+                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
+                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
+                        watchLog[logIdx].push({
+                          msg: isFunction(watch.exp) ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()) : watch.exp,
+                          newVal: value,
+                          oldVal: last
+                        });
+                      }
+                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
+                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
+                      // have already been tested.
+                      dirty = false;
+                      break traverseScopesLoop;
+                    }
+                  }
+                } catch (e) {
+                  $exceptionHandler(e);
+                }
+              }
+            }
 
-// Internal use only
-AST.NGValueParameter = 'NGValueParameter';
+            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
+            // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$suspended and does not
+            // check $$listenerCount)
+            if (!(next = ((!current.$$suspended && current.$$watchersCount && current.$$childHead) ||
+                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+              while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+                current = current.$parent;
+              }
+            }
+          } while ((current = next));
 
-AST.prototype = {
-  ast: function(text) {
-    this.text = text;
-    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
+          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
 
-    var value = this.program();
+          if ((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
+            clearPhase();
+            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
+                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
+                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
+                TTL, watchLog);
+          }
 
-    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
-      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
-    }
+        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
 
-    return value;
-  },
+        clearPhase();
 
-  program: function() {
-    var body = [];
-    while (true) {
-      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
-        body.push(this.expressionStatement());
-      if (!this.expect(';')) {
-        return { type: AST.Program, body: body};
-      }
-    }
-  },
+        // postDigestQueuePosition isn't local here because this loop can be reentered recursively.
+        while (postDigestQueuePosition < postDigestQueue.length) {
+          try {
+            postDigestQueue[postDigestQueuePosition++]();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+        postDigestQueue.length = postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
 
-  expressionStatement: function() {
-    return { type: AST.ExpressionStatement, expression: this.filterChain() };
-  },
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened during the $digest
+        // (for which no event is fired; e.g. via `history.pushState()`)
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
+      },
 
-  filterChain: function() {
-    var left = this.expression();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('|'))) {
-      left = this.filter(left);
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$suspend
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Suspend watchers of this scope subtree so that they will not be invoked during digest.
+       *
+       * This can be used to optimize your application when you know that running those watchers
+       * is redundant.
+       *
+       * **Warning**
+       *
+       * Suspending scopes from the digest cycle can have unwanted and difficult to debug results.
+       * Only use this approach if you are confident that you know what you are doing and have
+       * ample tests to ensure that bindings get updated as you expect.
+       *
+       * Some of the things to consider are:
+       *
+       * * Any external event on a directive/component will not trigger a digest while the hosting
+       *   scope is suspended - even if the event handler calls `$apply()` or `$rootScope.$digest()`.
+       * * Transcluded content exists on a scope that inherits from outside a directive but exists
+       *   as a child of the directive's containing scope. If the containing scope is suspended the
+       *   transcluded scope will also be suspended, even if the scope from which the transcluded
+       *   scope inherits is not suspended.
+       * * Multiple directives trying to manage the suspended status of a scope can confuse each other:
+       *    * A call to `$suspend()` on an already suspended scope is a no-op.
+       *    * A call to `$resume()` on a non-suspended scope is a no-op.
+       *    * If two directives suspend a scope, then one of them resumes the scope, the scope will no
+       *      longer be suspended. This could result in the other directive believing a scope to be
+       *      suspended when it is not.
+       * * If a parent scope is suspended then all its descendants will be also excluded from future
+       *   digests whether or not they have been suspended themselves. Note that this also applies to
+       *   isolate child scopes.
+       * * Calling `$digest()` directly on a descendant of a suspended scope will still run the watchers
+       *   for that scope and its descendants. When digesting we only check whether the current scope is
+       *   locally suspended, rather than checking whether it has a suspended ancestor.
+       * * Calling `$resume()` on a scope that has a suspended ancestor will not cause the scope to be
+       *   included in future digests until all its ancestors have been resumed.
+       * * Resolved promises, e.g. from explicit `$q` deferreds and `$http` calls, trigger `$apply()`
+       *   against the `$rootScope` and so will still trigger a global digest even if the promise was
+       *   initiated by a component that lives on a suspended scope.
+       */
+      $suspend: function() {
+        this.$$suspended = true;
+      },
 
-  expression: function() {
-    return this.assignment();
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$isSuspended
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Call this method to determine if this scope has been explicitly suspended. It will not
+       * tell you whether an ancestor has been suspended.
+       * To determine if this scope will be excluded from a digest triggered at the $rootScope,
+       * for example, you must check all its ancestors:
+       *
+       * ```
+       * function isExcludedFromDigest(scope) {
+       *   while(scope) {
+       *     if (scope.$isSuspended()) return true;
+       *     scope = scope.$parent;
+       *   }
+       *   return false;
+       * ```
+       *
+       * Be aware that a scope may not be included in digests if it has a suspended ancestor,
+       * even if `$isSuspended()` returns false.
+       *
+       * @returns true if the current scope has been suspended.
+       */
+      $isSuspended: function() {
+        return this.$$suspended;
+      },
 
-  assignment: function() {
-    var result = this.ternary();
-    if (this.expect('=')) {
-      result = { type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: result, right: this.assignment(), operator: '='};
-    }
-    return result;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$resume
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Resume watchers of this scope subtree in case it was suspended.
+       *
+       * See {@link $rootScope.Scope#$suspend} for information about the dangers of using this approach.
+       */
+      $resume: function() {
+        this.$$suspended = false;
+      },
 
-  ternary: function() {
-    var test = this.logicalOR();
-    var alternate;
-    var consequent;
-    if (this.expect('?')) {
-      alternate = this.expression();
-      if (this.consume(':')) {
-        consequent = this.expression();
-        return { type: AST.ConditionalExpression, test: test, alternate: alternate, consequent: consequent};
-      }
-    }
-    return test;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
 
-  logicalOR: function() {
-    var left = this.logicalAND();
-    while (this.expect('||')) {
-      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '||', left: left, right: this.logicalAND() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
+       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
+       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
+       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
+       *
+       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
+       * unrolling of the loop.
+       *
+       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
+       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
+       * perform any necessary cleanup.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+      $destroy: function() {
+        // We can't destroy a scope that has been already destroyed.
+        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
+        var parent = this.$parent;
 
-  logicalAND: function() {
-    var left = this.equality();
-    while (this.expect('&&')) {
-      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '&&', left: left, right: this.equality()};
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
+        this.$$destroyed = true;
 
-  equality: function() {
-    var left = this.relational();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.relational() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+        if (this === $rootScope) {
+          //Remove handlers attached to window when $rootScope is removed
+          $browser.$$applicationDestroyed();
+        }
 
-  relational: function() {
-    var left = this.additive();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.additive() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, -this.$$watchersCount);
+        for (var eventName in this.$$listenerCount) {
+          decrementListenerCount(this, this.$$listenerCount[eventName], eventName);
+        }
 
-  additive: function() {
-    var left = this.multiplicative();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.multiplicative() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
-
-  multiplicative: function() {
-    var left = this.unary();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.unary() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
+        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
+        if (parent && parent.$$childHead === this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (parent && parent.$$childTail === this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
+        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
 
-  unary: function() {
-    var token;
-    if ((token = this.expect('+', '-', '!'))) {
-      return { type: AST.UnaryExpression, operator: token.text, prefix: true, argument: this.unary() };
-    } else {
-      return this.primary();
-    }
-  },
+        // Disable listeners, watchers and apply/digest methods
+        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = this.$evalAsync = this.$applyAsync = noop;
+        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
+        this.$$listeners = {};
 
-  primary: function() {
-    var primary;
-    if (this.expect('(')) {
-      primary = this.filterChain();
-      this.consume(')');
-    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
-      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
-    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
-      primary = this.object();
-    } else if (this.selfReferential.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
-      primary = copy(this.selfReferential[this.consume().text]);
-    } else if (this.options.literals.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
-      primary = { type: AST.Literal, value: this.options.literals[this.consume().text]};
-    } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
-      primary = this.identifier();
-    } else if (this.peek().constant) {
-      primary = this.constant();
-    } else {
-      this.throwError('not a primary expression', this.peek());
-    }
+        // Disconnect the next sibling to prevent `cleanUpScope` destroying those too
+        this.$$nextSibling = null;
+        cleanUpScope(this);
+      },
 
-    var next;
-    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
-      if (next.text === '(') {
-        primary = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: primary, arguments: this.parseArguments() };
-        this.consume(')');
-      } else if (next.text === '[') {
-        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.expression(), computed: true };
-        this.consume(']');
-      } else if (next.text === '.') {
-        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.identifier(), computed: false };
-      } else {
-        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
-      }
-    }
-    return primary;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
+       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating AngularJS
+       * expressions.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
+           scope.a = 1;
+           scope.b = 2;
 
-  filter: function(baseExpression) {
-    var args = [baseExpression];
-    var result = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: this.identifier(), arguments: args, filter: true};
+           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
+           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
+        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
+      },
 
-    while (this.expect(':')) {
-      args.push(this.expression());
-    }
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
+       *
+       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
+       * that:
+       *
+       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
+       *     rendering).
+       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
+       *     `expression` execution.
+       *
+       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
+       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
+       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       */
+      $evalAsync: function(expr, locals) {
+        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
+        // task also schedule async auto-flush
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !asyncQueue.length) {
+          $browser.defer(function() {
+            if (asyncQueue.length) {
+              $rootScope.$digest();
+            }
+          }, null, '$evalAsync');
+        }
 
-    return result;
-  },
+        asyncQueue.push({scope: this, fn: $parse(expr), locals: locals});
+      },
 
-  parseArguments: function() {
-    var args = [];
-    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
-      do {
-        args.push(this.filterChain());
-      } while (this.expect(','));
-    }
-    return args;
-  },
+      $$postDigest: function(fn) {
+        postDigestQueue.push(fn);
+      },
 
-  identifier: function() {
-    var token = this.consume();
-    if (!token.identifier) {
-      this.throwError('is not a valid identifier', token);
-    }
-    return { type: AST.Identifier, name: token.text };
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in AngularJS from outside of the AngularJS
+       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
+       * Because we are calling into the AngularJS framework we need to perform proper scope life
+       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
+       *
+       * **Life cycle: Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`**
+       *
+       * ```js
+           function $apply(expr) {
+             try {
+               return $eval(expr);
+             } catch (e) {
+               $exceptionHandler(e);
+             } finally {
+               $root.$digest();
+             }
+           }
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
+       *
+       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
+       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
+       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $apply: function(expr) {
+        try {
+          beginPhase('$apply');
+          try {
+            return this.$eval(expr);
+          } finally {
+            clearPhase();
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          try {
+            $rootScope.$digest();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+            // eslint-disable-next-line no-unsafe-finally
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      },
 
-  constant: function() {
-    // TODO check that it is a constant
-    return { type: AST.Literal, value: this.consume().value };
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Schedule the invocation of $apply to occur at a later time. The actual time difference
+       * varies across browsers, but is typically around ~10 milliseconds.
+       *
+       * This can be used to queue up multiple expressions which need to be evaluated in the same
+       * digest.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       */
+      $applyAsync: function(expr) {
+        var scope = this;
+        if (expr) {
+          applyAsyncQueue.push($applyAsyncExpression);
+        }
+        expr = $parse(expr);
+        scheduleApplyAsync();
 
-  arrayDeclaration: function() {
-    var elements = [];
-    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
-      do {
-        if (this.peek(']')) {
-          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
-          break;
+        function $applyAsyncExpression() {
+          scope.$eval(expr);
         }
-        elements.push(this.expression());
-      } while (this.expect(','));
-    }
-    this.consume(']');
+      },
 
-    return { type: AST.ArrayExpression, elements: elements };
-  },
-
-  object: function() {
-    var properties = [], property;
-    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
-      do {
-        if (this.peek('}')) {
-          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
-          break;
-        }
-        property = {type: AST.Property, kind: 'init'};
-        if (this.peek().constant) {
-          property.key = this.constant();
-          property.computed = false;
-          this.consume(':');
-          property.value = this.expression();
-        } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
-          property.key = this.identifier();
-          property.computed = false;
-          if (this.peek(':')) {
-            this.consume(':');
-            property.value = this.expression();
-          } else {
-            property.value = property.key;
-          }
-        } else if (this.peek('[')) {
-          this.consume('[');
-          property.key = this.expression();
-          this.consume(']');
-          property.computed = true;
-          this.consume(':');
-          property.value = this.expression();
-        } else {
-          this.throwError("invalid key", this.peek());
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
+       * discussion of event life cycle.
+       *
+       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
+       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
+       *
+       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
+       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
+       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
+       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
+       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
+       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
+       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
+       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
+       *     to true.
+       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
+       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $on: function(name, listener) {
+        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
+        if (!namedListeners) {
+          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
         }
-        properties.push(property);
-      } while (this.expect(','));
-    }
-    this.consume('}');
+        namedListeners.push(listener);
 
-    return {type: AST.ObjectExpression, properties: properties };
-  },
+        var current = this;
+        do {
+          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
+            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
+          }
+          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
+        } while ((current = current.$parent));
 
-  throwError: function(msg, token) {
-    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
-        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
-          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
-  },
+        var self = this;
+        return function() {
+          var indexOfListener = namedListeners.indexOf(listener);
+          if (indexOfListener !== -1) {
+            // Use delete in the hope of the browser deallocating the memory for the array entry,
+            // while not shifting the array indexes of other listeners.
+            // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16135
+            delete namedListeners[indexOfListener];
+            decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
+          }
+        };
+      },
 
-  consume: function(e1) {
-    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
-    }
 
-    var token = this.expect(e1);
-    if (!token) {
-      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
-    }
-    return token;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
+       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
+       * cancels it.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
+       */
+      $emit: function(name, args) {
+        var empty = [],
+            namedListeners,
+            scope = this,
+            stopPropagation = false,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: scope,
+              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            },
+            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            i, length;
 
-  peekToken: function() {
-    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
-    }
-    return this.tokens[0];
-  },
+        do {
+          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
+          event.currentScope = scope;
+          for (i = 0, length = namedListeners.length; i < length; i++) {
 
-  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
-    return this.peekAhead(0, e1, e2, e3, e4);
-  },
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
+              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+            try {
+              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
+              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
+          if (stopPropagation) {
+            break;
+          }
+          //traverse upwards
+          scope = scope.$parent;
+        } while (scope);
 
-  peekAhead: function(i, e1, e2, e3, e4) {
-    if (this.tokens.length > i) {
-      var token = this.tokens[i];
-      var t = token.text;
-      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
-          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
-        return token;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  },
+        event.currentScope = null;
 
-  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
-    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
-    if (token) {
-      this.tokens.shift();
-      return token;
-    }
-    return false;
-  },
+        return event;
+      },
 
-  selfReferential: {
-    'this': {type: AST.ThisExpression },
-    '$locals': {type: AST.LocalsExpression }
-  }
-};
 
-function ifDefined(v, d) {
-  return typeof v !== 'undefined' ? v : d;
-}
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
+       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
+       */
+      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
+        var target = this,
+            current = target,
+            next = target,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: target,
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            };
 
-function plusFn(l, r) {
-  if (typeof l === 'undefined') return r;
-  if (typeof r === 'undefined') return l;
-  return l + r;
-}
+        if (!target.$$listenerCount[name]) return event;
 
-function isStateless($filter, filterName) {
-  var fn = $filter(filterName);
-  return !fn.$stateful;
-}
+        var listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            listeners, i, length;
 
-function findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, $filter) {
-  var allConstants;
-  var argsToWatch;
-  switch (ast.type) {
-  case AST.Program:
-    allConstants = true;
-    forEach(ast.body, function(expr) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr.expression, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && expr.expression.constant;
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    break;
-  case AST.Literal:
-    ast.constant = true;
-    ast.toWatch = [];
-    break;
-  case AST.UnaryExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.argument, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.argument.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.argument.toWatch;
-    break;
-  case AST.BinaryExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.left.toWatch.concat(ast.right.toWatch);
-    break;
-  case AST.LogicalExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.ConditionalExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.test, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.alternate, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.consequent, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.test.constant && ast.alternate.constant && ast.consequent.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.Identifier:
-    ast.constant = false;
-    ast.toWatch = [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.MemberExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.object, $filter);
-    if (ast.computed) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.property, $filter);
-    }
-    ast.constant = ast.object.constant && (!ast.computed || ast.property.constant);
-    ast.toWatch = [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.CallExpression:
-    allConstants = ast.filter ? isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) : false;
-    argsToWatch = [];
-    forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
-      if (!expr.constant) {
-        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
-      }
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.filter && isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) ? argsToWatch : [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.AssignmentExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.ArrayExpression:
-    allConstants = true;
-    argsToWatch = [];
-    forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
-      if (!expr.constant) {
-        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
-      }
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
-    break;
-  case AST.ObjectExpression:
-    allConstants = true;
-    argsToWatch = [];
-    forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.value, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && property.value.constant && !property.computed;
-      if (!property.value.constant) {
-        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.value.toWatch);
-      }
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
-    break;
-  case AST.ThisExpression:
-    ast.constant = false;
-    ast.toWatch = [];
-    break;
-  case AST.LocalsExpression:
-    ast.constant = false;
-    ast.toWatch = [];
-    break;
-  }
-}
+        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
+        while ((current = next)) {
+          event.currentScope = current;
+          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
+          for (i = 0, length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!listeners[i]) {
+              listeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
 
-function getInputs(body) {
-  if (body.length != 1) return;
-  var lastExpression = body[0].expression;
-  var candidate = lastExpression.toWatch;
-  if (candidate.length !== 1) return candidate;
-  return candidate[0] !== lastExpression ? candidate : undefined;
-}
+            try {
+              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
 
-function isAssignable(ast) {
-  return ast.type === AST.Identifier || ast.type === AST.MemberExpression;
-}
+          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
+          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount and
+          // does not check $$suspended)
+          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
+              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+            while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+              current = current.$parent;
+            }
+          }
+        }
 
-function assignableAST(ast) {
-  if (ast.body.length === 1 && isAssignable(ast.body[0].expression)) {
-    return {type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: ast.body[0].expression, right: {type: AST.NGValueParameter}, operator: '='};
-  }
-}
+        event.currentScope = null;
+        return event;
+      }
+    };
 
-function isLiteral(ast) {
-  return ast.body.length === 0 ||
-      ast.body.length === 1 && (
-      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.Literal ||
-      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ArrayExpression ||
-      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ObjectExpression);
-}
+    var $rootScope = new Scope();
 
-function isConstant(ast) {
-  return ast.constant;
-}
+    //The internal queues. Expose them on the $rootScope for debugging/testing purposes.
+    var asyncQueue = $rootScope.$$asyncQueue = [];
+    var postDigestQueue = $rootScope.$$postDigestQueue = [];
+    var applyAsyncQueue = $rootScope.$$applyAsyncQueue = [];
 
-function ASTCompiler(astBuilder, $filter) {
-  this.astBuilder = astBuilder;
-  this.$filter = $filter;
-}
+    var postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
 
-ASTCompiler.prototype = {
-  compile: function(expression, expensiveChecks) {
-    var self = this;
-    var ast = this.astBuilder.ast(expression);
-    this.state = {
-      nextId: 0,
-      filters: {},
-      expensiveChecks: expensiveChecks,
-      fn: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
-      assign: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
-      inputs: []
-    };
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
-    var extra = '';
-    var assignable;
-    this.stage = 'assign';
-    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
-      this.state.computing = 'assign';
-      var result = this.nextId();
-      this.recurse(assignable, result);
-      this.return_(result);
-      extra = 'fn.assign=' + this.generateFunction('assign', 's,v,l');
-    }
-    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
-    self.stage = 'inputs';
-    forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
-      var fnKey = 'fn' + key;
-      self.state[fnKey] = {vars: [], body: [], own: {}};
-      self.state.computing = fnKey;
-      var intoId = self.nextId();
-      self.recurse(watch, intoId);
-      self.return_(intoId);
-      self.state.inputs.push(fnKey);
-      watch.watchId = key;
-    });
-    this.state.computing = 'fn';
-    this.stage = 'main';
-    this.recurse(ast);
-    var fnString =
-      // The build and minification steps remove the string "use strict" from the code, but this is done using a regex.
-      // This is a workaround for this until we do a better job at only removing the prefix only when we should.
-      '"' + this.USE + ' ' + this.STRICT + '";\n' +
-      this.filterPrefix() +
-      'var fn=' + this.generateFunction('fn', 's,l,a,i') +
-      extra +
-      this.watchFns() +
-      'return fn;';
+    return $rootScope;
 
-    /* jshint -W054 */
-    var fn = (new Function('$filter',
-        'ensureSafeMemberName',
-        'ensureSafeObject',
-        'ensureSafeFunction',
-        'getStringValue',
-        'ensureSafeAssignContext',
-        'ifDefined',
-        'plus',
-        'text',
-        fnString))(
-          this.$filter,
-          ensureSafeMemberName,
-          ensureSafeObject,
-          ensureSafeFunction,
-          getStringValue,
-          ensureSafeAssignContext,
-          ifDefined,
-          plusFn,
-          expression);
-    /* jshint +W054 */
-    this.state = this.stage = undefined;
-    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast);
-    fn.constant = isConstant(ast);
-    return fn;
-  },
 
-  USE: 'use',
+    function beginPhase(phase) {
+      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
+      }
 
-  STRICT: 'strict',
+      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
+    }
 
-  watchFns: function() {
-    var result = [];
-    var fns = this.state.inputs;
-    var self = this;
-    forEach(fns, function(name) {
-      result.push('var ' + name + '=' + self.generateFunction(name, 's'));
-    });
-    if (fns.length) {
-      result.push('fn.inputs=[' + fns.join(',') + '];');
+    function clearPhase() {
+      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
     }
-    return result.join('');
-  },
 
-  generateFunction: function(name, params) {
-    return 'function(' + params + '){' +
-        this.varsPrefix(name) +
-        this.body(name) +
-        '};';
-  },
+    function incrementWatchersCount(current, count) {
+      do {
+        current.$$watchersCount += count;
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
+    }
 
-  filterPrefix: function() {
-    var parts = [];
-    var self = this;
-    forEach(this.state.filters, function(id, filter) {
-      parts.push(id + '=$filter(' + self.escape(filter) + ')');
-    });
-    if (parts.length) return 'var ' + parts.join(',') + ';';
-    return '';
-  },
+    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
+      do {
+        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;
 
-  varsPrefix: function(section) {
-    return this.state[section].vars.length ? 'var ' + this.state[section].vars.join(',') + ';' : '';
-  },
+        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
+          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
+        }
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
+    }
 
-  body: function(section) {
-    return this.state[section].body.join('');
-  },
+    /**
+     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
+     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
+     */
+    function initWatchVal() {}
 
-  recurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
-    var left, right, self = this, args, expression, computed;
-    recursionFn = recursionFn || noop;
-    if (!skipWatchIdCheck && isDefined(ast.watchId)) {
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      this.if_('i',
-        this.lazyAssign(intoId, this.computedMember('i', ast.watchId)),
-        this.lazyRecurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, true)
-      );
-      return;
-    }
-    switch (ast.type) {
-    case AST.Program:
-      forEach(ast.body, function(expression, pos) {
-        self.recurse(expression.expression, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
-        if (pos !== ast.body.length - 1) {
-          self.current().body.push(right, ';');
-        } else {
-          self.return_(right);
-        }
-      });
-      break;
-    case AST.Literal:
-      expression = this.escape(ast.value);
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.UnaryExpression:
-      this.recurse(ast.argument, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
-      expression = ast.operator + '(' + this.ifDefined(right, 0) + ')';
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.BinaryExpression:
-      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { left = expr; });
-      this.recurse(ast.right, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
-      if (ast.operator === '+') {
-        expression = this.plus(left, right);
-      } else if (ast.operator === '-') {
-        expression = this.ifDefined(left, 0) + ast.operator + this.ifDefined(right, 0);
-      } else {
-        expression = '(' + left + ')' + ast.operator + '(' + right + ')';
-      }
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.LogicalExpression:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      self.recurse(ast.left, intoId);
-      self.if_(ast.operator === '&&' ? intoId : self.not(intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.right, intoId));
-      recursionFn(intoId);
-      break;
-    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      self.recurse(ast.test, intoId);
-      self.if_(intoId, self.lazyRecurse(ast.alternate, intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.consequent, intoId));
-      recursionFn(intoId);
-      break;
-    case AST.Identifier:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      if (nameId) {
-        nameId.context = self.stage === 'inputs' ? 's' : this.assign(this.nextId(), this.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name) + '?l:s');
-        nameId.computed = false;
-        nameId.name = ast.name;
-      }
-      ensureSafeMemberName(ast.name);
-      self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || self.not(self.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name)),
-        function() {
-          self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || 's', function() {
-            if (create && create !== 1) {
-              self.if_(
-                self.not(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name)),
-                self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name), '{}'));
-            }
-            self.assign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name));
-          });
-        }, intoId && self.lazyAssign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('l', ast.name))
-        );
-      if (self.state.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.name)) {
-        self.addEnsureSafeObject(intoId);
-      }
-      recursionFn(intoId);
-      break;
-    case AST.MemberExpression:
-      left = nameId && (nameId.context = this.nextId()) || this.nextId();
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      self.recurse(ast.object, left, undefined, function() {
-        self.if_(self.notNull(left), function() {
-          if (create && create !== 1) {
-            self.addEnsureSafeAssignContext(left);
-          }
-          if (ast.computed) {
-            right = self.nextId();
-            self.recurse(ast.property, right);
-            self.getStringValue(right);
-            self.addEnsureSafeMemberName(right);
-            if (create && create !== 1) {
-              self.if_(self.not(self.computedMember(left, right)), self.lazyAssign(self.computedMember(left, right), '{}'));
-            }
-            expression = self.ensureSafeObject(self.computedMember(left, right));
-            self.assign(intoId, expression);
-            if (nameId) {
-              nameId.computed = true;
-              nameId.name = right;
-            }
-          } else {
-            ensureSafeMemberName(ast.property.name);
-            if (create && create !== 1) {
-              self.if_(self.not(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name)), self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name), '{}'));
-            }
-            expression = self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name);
-            if (self.state.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.property.name)) {
-              expression = self.ensureSafeObject(expression);
-            }
-            self.assign(intoId, expression);
-            if (nameId) {
-              nameId.computed = false;
-              nameId.name = ast.property.name;
-            }
-          }
-        }, function() {
-          self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
-        });
-        recursionFn(intoId);
-      }, !!create);
-      break;
-    case AST.CallExpression:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      if (ast.filter) {
-        right = self.filter(ast.callee.name);
-        args = [];
-        forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-          var argument = self.nextId();
-          self.recurse(expr, argument);
-          args.push(argument);
-        });
-        expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
-        self.assign(intoId, expression);
-        recursionFn(intoId);
-      } else {
-        right = self.nextId();
-        left = {};
-        args = [];
-        self.recurse(ast.callee, right, left, function() {
-          self.if_(self.notNull(right), function() {
-            self.addEnsureSafeFunction(right);
-            forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-              self.recurse(expr, self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
-                args.push(self.ensureSafeObject(argument));
-              });
-            });
-            if (left.name) {
-              if (!self.state.expensiveChecks) {
-                self.addEnsureSafeObject(left.context);
-              }
-              expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
-            } else {
-              expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
-            }
-            expression = self.ensureSafeObject(expression);
-            self.assign(intoId, expression);
-          }, function() {
-            self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
-          });
-          recursionFn(intoId);
-        });
-      }
-      break;
-    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
-      right = this.nextId();
-      left = {};
-      if (!isAssignable(ast.left)) {
-        throw $parseMinErr('lval', 'Trying to assign a value to a non l-value');
-      }
-      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, left, function() {
-        self.if_(self.notNull(left.context), function() {
-          self.recurse(ast.right, right);
-          self.addEnsureSafeObject(self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed));
-          self.addEnsureSafeAssignContext(left.context);
-          expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + ast.operator + right;
-          self.assign(intoId, expression);
-          recursionFn(intoId || expression);
-        });
-      }, 1);
-      break;
-    case AST.ArrayExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
-        self.recurse(expr, self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
-          args.push(argument);
-        });
-      });
-      expression = '[' + args.join(',') + ']';
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.ObjectExpression:
-      args = [];
-      computed = false;
-      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-        if (property.computed) {
-          computed = true;
+    function flushApplyAsync() {
+      while (applyAsyncQueue.length) {
+        try {
+          applyAsyncQueue.shift()();
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
         }
-      });
-      if (computed) {
-        intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-        this.assign(intoId, '{}');
-        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-          if (property.computed) {
-            left = self.nextId();
-            self.recurse(property.key, left);
-          } else {
-            left = property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
-                       property.key.name :
-                       ('' + property.key.value);
-          }
-          right = self.nextId();
-          self.recurse(property.value, right);
-          self.assign(self.member(intoId, left, property.computed), right);
-        });
-      } else {
-        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-          self.recurse(property.value, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(expr) {
-            args.push(self.escape(
-                property.key.type === AST.Identifier ? property.key.name :
-                  ('' + property.key.value)) +
-                ':' + expr);
-          });
-        });
-        expression = '{' + args.join(',') + '}';
-        this.assign(intoId, expression);
       }
-      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.ThisExpression:
-      this.assign(intoId, 's');
-      recursionFn('s');
-      break;
-    case AST.LocalsExpression:
-      this.assign(intoId, 'l');
-      recursionFn('l');
-      break;
-    case AST.NGValueParameter:
-      this.assign(intoId, 'v');
-      recursionFn('v');
-      break;
+      applyAsyncId = null;
     }
-  },
 
-  getHasOwnProperty: function(element, property) {
-    var key = element + '.' + property;
-    var own = this.current().own;
-    if (!own.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-      own[key] = this.nextId(false, element + '&&(' + this.escape(property) + ' in ' + element + ')');
+    function scheduleApplyAsync() {
+      if (applyAsyncId === null) {
+        applyAsyncId = $browser.defer(function() {
+          $rootScope.$apply(flushApplyAsync);
+        }, null, '$applyAsync');
+      }
     }
-    return own[key];
-  },
+  }];
+}
 
-  assign: function(id, value) {
-    if (!id) return;
-    this.current().body.push(id, '=', value, ';');
-    return id;
-  },
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The root element of AngularJS application. This is either the element where {@link
+ * ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} was declared or the element passed into
+ * {@link angular.bootstrap}. The element represents the root element of application. It is also the
+ * location where the application's {@link auto.$injector $injector} service gets
+ * published, and can be retrieved using `$rootElement.injector()`.
+ */
 
-  filter: function(filterName) {
-    if (!this.state.filters.hasOwnProperty(filterName)) {
-      this.state.filters[filterName] = this.nextId(true);
-    }
-    return this.state.filters[filterName];
-  },
 
-  ifDefined: function(id, defaultValue) {
-    return 'ifDefined(' + id + ',' + this.escape(defaultValue) + ')';
-  },
+// the implementation is in angular.bootstrap
 
-  plus: function(left, right) {
-    return 'plus(' + left + ',' + right + ')';
-  },
+/**
+ * @this
+ * @description
+ * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
+ */
+function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
 
-  return_: function(id) {
-    this.current().body.push('return ', id, ';');
-  },
+  var aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = /^\s*(https?|s?ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
+    imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = /^\s*((https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\/)/;
 
-  if_: function(test, alternate, consequent) {
-    if (test === true) {
-      alternate();
-    } else {
-      var body = this.current().body;
-      body.push('if(', test, '){');
-      alternate();
-      body.push('}');
-      if (consequent) {
-        body.push('else{');
-        consequent();
-        body.push('}');
-      }
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via HTML anchor links.
+   *
+   * Any url due to be assigned to an `a[href]` attribute via interpolation is marked as requiring
+   * the $sce.URL security context. When interpolation occurs a call is made to `$sce.trustAsUrl(url)`
+   * which in turn may call `$$sanitizeUri(url, isMedia)` to sanitize the potentially malicious URL.
+   *
+   * If the URL matches the `aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList` regular expression, it is returned unchanged.
+   *
+   * If there is no match the URL is returned prefixed with `'unsafe:'` to ensure that when it is written
+   * to the DOM it is inactive and potentially malicious code will not be executed.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = regexp;
+      return this;
     }
-  },
-
-  not: function(expression) {
-    return '!(' + expression + ')';
-  },
+    return aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+  };
 
-  notNull: function(expression) {
-    return expression + '!=null';
-  },
 
-  nonComputedMember: function(left, right) {
-    var SAFE_IDENTIFIER = /[$_a-zA-Z][$_a-zA-Z0-9]*/;
-    var UNSAFE_CHARACTERS = /[^$_a-zA-Z0-9]/g;
-    if (SAFE_IDENTIFIER.test(right)) {
-      return left + '.' + right;
-    } else {
-      return left  + '["' + right.replace(UNSAFE_CHARACTERS, this.stringEscapeFn) + '"]';
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via HTML image src links.
+   *
+   * Any URL due to be assigned to an `img[src]` attribute via interpolation is marked as requiring
+   * the $sce.MEDIA_URL security context. When interpolation occurs a call is made to
+   * `$sce.trustAsMediaUrl(url)` which in turn may call `$$sanitizeUri(url, isMedia)` to sanitize
+   * the potentially malicious URL.
+   *
+   * If the URL matches the `imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList` regular expression, it is returned
+   * unchanged.
+   *
+   * If there is no match the URL is returned prefixed with `'unsafe:'` to ensure that when it is written
+   * to the DOM it is inactive and potentially malicious code will not be executed.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = regexp;
+      return this;
     }
-  },
+    return imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+  };
 
-  computedMember: function(left, right) {
-    return left + '[' + right + ']';
-  },
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isMediaUrl) {
+      // if (!uri) return uri;
+      var regex = isMediaUrl ? imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList : aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+      var normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri && uri.trim()).href;
+      if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
+        return 'unsafe:' + normalizedVal;
+      }
+      return uri;
+    };
+  };
+}
 
-  member: function(left, right, computed) {
-    if (computed) return this.computedMember(left, right);
-    return this.nonComputedMember(left, right);
-  },
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-  addEnsureSafeObject: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeObject(item), ';');
-  },
+/* exported $SceProvider, $SceDelegateProvider */
 
-  addEnsureSafeMemberName: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeMemberName(item), ';');
-  },
+var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
 
-  addEnsureSafeFunction: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeFunction(item), ';');
-  },
+var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
+  // HTML is used when there's HTML rendered (e.g. ng-bind-html, iframe srcdoc binding).
+  HTML: 'html',
 
-  addEnsureSafeAssignContext: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeAssignContext(item), ';');
-  },
+  // Style statements or stylesheets. Currently unused in AngularJS.
+  CSS: 'css',
 
-  ensureSafeObject: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeObject(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
+  // An URL used in a context where it refers to the source of media, which are not expected to be run
+  // as scripts, such as an image, audio, video, etc.
+  MEDIA_URL: 'mediaUrl',
 
-  ensureSafeMemberName: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeMemberName(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
+  // An URL used in a context where it does not refer to a resource that loads code.
+  // A value that can be trusted as a URL can also trusted as a MEDIA_URL.
+  URL: 'url',
 
-  ensureSafeFunction: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeFunction(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
+  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used where the referred-to resource could be interpreted as
+  // code. (e.g. ng-include, script src binding, templateUrl)
+  // A value that can be trusted as a RESOURCE_URL, can also trusted as a URL and a MEDIA_URL.
+  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
 
-  getStringValue: function(item) {
-    this.assign(item, 'getStringValue(' + item + ')');
-  },
+  // Script. Currently unused in AngularJS.
+  JS: 'js'
+};
 
-  ensureSafeAssignContext: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeAssignContext(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
+// Helper functions follow.
 
-  lazyRecurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
-    var self = this;
-    return function() {
-      self.recurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck);
-    };
-  },
+var UNDERSCORE_LOWERCASE_REGEXP = /_([a-z])/g;
 
-  lazyAssign: function(id, value) {
-    var self = this;
-    return function() {
-      self.assign(id, value);
-    };
-  },
+function snakeToCamel(name) {
+  return name
+    .replace(UNDERSCORE_LOWERCASE_REGEXP, fnCamelCaseReplace);
+}
 
-  stringEscapeRegex: /[^ a-zA-Z0-9]/g,
+function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
+  if (matcher === 'self') {
+    return matcher;
+  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
+    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
+    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
+    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
+    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
+    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
+          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
+    }
+    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
+                  replace(/\\\*\\\*/g, '.*').
+                  replace(/\\\*/g, '[^:/.?&;]*');
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
+  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
+    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
+    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
+    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
+  } else {
+    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
+        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
+  }
+}
 
-  stringEscapeFn: function(c) {
-    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
-  },
 
-  escape: function(value) {
-    if (isString(value)) return "'" + value.replace(this.stringEscapeRegex, this.stringEscapeFn) + "'";
-    if (isNumber(value)) return value.toString();
-    if (value === true) return 'true';
-    if (value === false) return 'false';
-    if (value === null) return 'null';
-    if (typeof value === 'undefined') return 'undefined';
+function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
+  var adjustedMatchers = [];
+  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
+    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
+      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
+    });
+  }
+  return adjustedMatchers;
+}
 
-    throw $parseMinErr('esc', 'IMPOSSIBLE');
-  },
 
-  nextId: function(skip, init) {
-    var id = 'v' + (this.state.nextId++);
-    if (!skip) {
-      this.current().vars.push(id + (init ? '=' + init : ''));
-    }
-    return id;
-  },
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sceDelegate
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
+ * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * For an overview of this service and the functionnality it provides in AngularJS, see the main
+ * page for {@link ng.$sce SCE}. The current page is targeted for developers who need to alter how
+ * SCE works in their application, which shouldn't be needed in most cases.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * AngularJS strongly relies on contextual escaping for the security of bindings: disabling or
+ * modifying this might cause cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. For libraries owners,
+ * changes to this service will also influence users, so be extra careful and document your changes.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
+ * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
+ * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
+ * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
+ * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
+ *
+ * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
+ * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
+ * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
+ * your own trusted and banned resource lists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources
+ * such as templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList}
+ */
 
-  current: function() {
-    return this.state[this.state.computing];
-  }
-};
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceDelegateProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
+ * $sceDelegate service}, used as a delegate for {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` allows one to get/set the `trustedResourceUrlList` and
+ * `bannedResourceUrlList` used to ensure that the URLs used for sourcing AngularJS templates and
+ * other script-running URLs are safe (all places that use the `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context). See
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList},
+ *
+ * For the general details about this service in AngularJS, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
+ *
+ * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
+ * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
+ *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`, `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
+ * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
+ *
+ * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList([
+ *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
+ *      'self',
+ *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
+ *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
+ *    ]);
+ *
+ *    // The banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list so the open redirect
+ *    // here is blocked.
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList([
+ *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
+ *    ]);
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ * Note that an empty trusted resource URL list will block every resource URL from being loaded, and will require
+ * you to manually mark each one as trusted with `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl`. However, templates
+ * requested by {@link ng.$templateRequest $templateRequest} that are present in
+ * {@link ng.$templateCache $templateCache} will not go through this check. If you have a mechanism
+ * to populate your templates in that cache at config time, then it is a good idea to remove 'self'
+ * from the trusted resource URL lsit. This helps to mitigate the security impact of certain types
+ * of issues, like for instance attacker-controlled `ng-includes`.
+ */
 
+function $SceDelegateProvider() {
+  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
 
-function ASTInterpreter(astBuilder, $filter) {
-  this.astBuilder = astBuilder;
-  this.$filter = $filter;
-}
+  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
+  var trustedResourceUrlList = ['self'],
+      bannedResourceUrlList = [];
 
-ASTInterpreter.prototype = {
-  compile: function(expression, expensiveChecks) {
-    var self = this;
-    var ast = this.astBuilder.ast(expression);
-    this.expression = expression;
-    this.expensiveChecks = expensiveChecks;
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
-    var assignable;
-    var assign;
-    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
-      assign = this.recurse(assignable);
-    }
-    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
-    var inputs;
-    if (toWatch) {
-      inputs = [];
-      forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
-        var input = self.recurse(watch);
-        watch.input = input;
-        inputs.push(input);
-        watch.watchId = key;
-      });
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} trustedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with
+   *     the value provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so
+   *     further changes to the array are ignored.
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} The currently set trusted resource URL array.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the list trusted of resource URLs.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no `trustedResourceUrlList` has been explicitly set is `['self']`
+   * allowing only same origin resource requests.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** the default `trustedResourceUrlList` of 'self' is not recommended if your app shares
+   * its origin with other apps! It is a good idea to limit it to only your application's directory.
+   * </div>
+   */
+  this.trustedResourceUrlList = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      trustedResourceUrlList = adjustMatchers(value);
     }
-    var expressions = [];
-    forEach(ast.body, function(expression) {
-      expressions.push(self.recurse(expression.expression));
-    });
-    var fn = ast.body.length === 0 ? noop :
-             ast.body.length === 1 ? expressions[0] :
-             function(scope, locals) {
-               var lastValue;
-               forEach(expressions, function(exp) {
-                 lastValue = exp(scope, locals);
-               });
-               return lastValue;
-             };
-    if (assign) {
-      fn.assign = function(scope, value, locals) {
-        return assign(scope, locals, value);
-      };
+    return trustedResourceUrlList;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+   * trustedResourceUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'resourceUrlWhitelist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.trustedResourceUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.trustedResourceUrlList = value;
     }
-    if (inputs) {
-      fn.inputs = inputs;
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} bannedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the `bannedResourceUrlList` with
+   *     the value provided. This must be an array or null. A snapshot of this array is used so
+   *     further changes to the array are ignored.</p><p>
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.</p><p>
+   *     The typical usage for the `bannedResourceUrlList` is to **block
+   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
+   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
+   *     </p><p>
+   *     Finally, **the banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list** and has
+   *     the final say.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} The currently set `bannedResourceUrlList` array.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the `bannedResourceUrlList` of trusted resource URLs.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no trusted resource URL list has been explicitly set is the empty
+   * array (i.e. there is no `bannedResourceUrlList`.)
+   */
+  this.bannedResourceUrlList = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      bannedResourceUrlList = adjustMatchers(value);
     }
-    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast);
-    fn.constant = isConstant(ast);
-    return fn;
-  },
+    return bannedResourceUrlList;
+  };
 
-  recurse: function(ast, context, create) {
-    var left, right, self = this, args, expression;
-    if (ast.input) {
-      return this.inputs(ast.input, ast.watchId);
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+   * bannedResourceUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'resourceUrlBlacklist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.bannedResourceUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.bannedResourceUrlList = value;
     }
-    switch (ast.type) {
-    case AST.Literal:
-      return this.value(ast.value, context);
-    case AST.UnaryExpression:
-      right = this.recurse(ast.argument);
-      return this['unary' + ast.operator](right, context);
-    case AST.BinaryExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
-      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
-      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
-    case AST.LogicalExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
-      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
-      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
-    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
-      return this['ternary?:'](
-        this.recurse(ast.test),
-        this.recurse(ast.alternate),
-        this.recurse(ast.consequent),
-        context
-      );
-    case AST.Identifier:
-      ensureSafeMemberName(ast.name, self.expression);
-      return self.identifier(ast.name,
-                             self.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.name),
-                             context, create, self.expression);
-    case AST.MemberExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.object, false, !!create);
-      if (!ast.computed) {
-        ensureSafeMemberName(ast.property.name, self.expression);
-        right = ast.property.name;
+  });
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$$sanitizeUri', function($injector, $$sanitizeUri) {
+
+    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    };
+
+    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
+      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
+    }
+
+
+    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
+      if (matcher === 'self') {
+        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl) || urlIsSameOriginAsBaseUrl(parsedUrl);
+      } else {
+        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
+        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
       }
-      if (ast.computed) right = this.recurse(ast.property);
-      return ast.computed ?
-        this.computedMember(left, right, context, create, self.expression) :
-        this.nonComputedMember(left, right, self.expensiveChecks, context, create, self.expression);
-    case AST.CallExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
-      });
-      if (ast.filter) right = this.$filter(ast.callee.name);
-      if (!ast.filter) right = this.recurse(ast.callee, true);
-      return ast.filter ?
-        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-          var values = [];
-          for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-            values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
-          }
-          var value = right.apply(undefined, values, inputs);
-          return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value;
-        } :
-        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-          var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-          var value;
-          if (rhs.value != null) {
-            ensureSafeObject(rhs.context, self.expression);
-            ensureSafeFunction(rhs.value, self.expression);
-            var values = [];
-            for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-              values.push(ensureSafeObject(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs), self.expression));
-            }
-            value = ensureSafeObject(rhs.value.apply(rhs.context, values), self.expression);
-          }
-          return context ? {value: value} : value;
-        };
-    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.left, true, 1);
-      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
-      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        ensureSafeObject(lhs.value, self.expression);
-        ensureSafeAssignContext(lhs.context);
-        lhs.context[lhs.name] = rhs;
-        return context ? {value: rhs} : rhs;
-      };
-    case AST.ArrayExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
-        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
-      });
-      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = [];
-        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-          value.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
-        }
-        return context ? {value: value} : value;
-      };
-    case AST.ObjectExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-        if (property.computed) {
-          args.push({key: self.recurse(property.key),
-                     computed: true,
-                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
-          });
-        } else {
-          args.push({key: property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
-                          property.key.name :
-                          ('' + property.key.value),
-                     computed: false,
-                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
-          });
+    }
+
+    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
+      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
+      var i, n, allowed = false;
+      // Ensure that at least one item from the trusted resource URL list allows this url.
+      for (i = 0, n = trustedResourceUrlList.length; i < n; i++) {
+        if (matchUrl(trustedResourceUrlList[i], parsedUrl)) {
+          allowed = true;
+          break;
         }
-      });
-      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = {};
-        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-          if (args[i].computed) {
-            value[args[i].key(scope, locals, assign, inputs)] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-          } else {
-            value[args[i].key] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      }
+      if (allowed) {
+        // Ensure that no item from the banned resource URL list has blocked this url.
+        for (i = 0, n = bannedResourceUrlList.length; i < n; i++) {
+          if (matchUrl(bannedResourceUrlList[i], parsedUrl)) {
+            allowed = false;
+            break;
           }
         }
-        return context ? {value: value} : value;
-      };
-    case AST.ThisExpression:
-      return function(scope) {
-        return context ? {value: scope} : scope;
+      }
+      return allowed;
+    }
+
+    function generateHolderType(Base) {
+      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
+        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
+          return trustedValue;
+        };
       };
-    case AST.LocalsExpression:
-      return function(scope, locals) {
-        return context ? {value: locals} : locals;
+      if (Base) {
+        holderType.prototype = new Base();
+      }
+      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
       };
-    case AST.NGValueParameter:
-      return function(scope, locals, assign) {
-        return context ? {value: assign} : assign;
+      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
       };
+      return holderType;
     }
-  },
 
-  'unary+': function(argument, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      if (isDefined(arg)) {
-        arg = +arg;
-      } else {
-        arg = 0;
-      }
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'unary-': function(argument, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      if (isDefined(arg)) {
-        arg = -arg;
-      } else {
-        arg = 0;
-      }
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'unary!': function(argument, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = !argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary+': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var arg = plusFn(lhs, rhs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary-': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var arg = (isDefined(lhs) ? lhs : 0) - (isDefined(rhs) ? rhs : 0);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary*': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) * right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary/': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) / right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary%': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) % right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary===': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) === right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary!==': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) !== right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary==': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) == right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary!=': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) != right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary<': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) < right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary>': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) > right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary<=': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) <= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary>=': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) >= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary&&': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) && right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary||': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) || right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'ternary?:': function(test, alternate, consequent, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = test(scope, locals, assign, inputs) ? alternate(scope, locals, assign, inputs) : consequent(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  value: function(value, context) {
-    return function() { return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value; };
-  },
-  identifier: function(name, expensiveChecks, context, create, expression) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var base = locals && (name in locals) ? locals : scope;
-      if (create && create !== 1 && base && !(base[name])) {
-        base[name] = {};
-      }
-      var value = base ? base[name] : undefined;
-      if (expensiveChecks) {
-        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
+    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
+        byType = {};
+
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL]);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a trusted representation of the parameter for the specified context. This trusted
+     * object will later on be used as-is, without any security check, by bindings or directives
+     * that require this security context.
+     * For instance, marking a string as trusted for the `$sce.HTML` context will entirely bypass
+     * the potential `$sanitize` call in corresponding `$sce.HTML` bindings or directives, such as
+     * `ng-bind-html`. Note that in most cases you won't need to call this function: if you have the
+     * sanitizer loaded, passing the value itself will render all the HTML that does not pose a
+     * security risk.
+     *
+     * See {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted getTrusted} for the function that will consume those
+     * trusted values, and {@link ng.$sce $sce} for general documentation about strict contextual
+     * escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is safe for use, e.g. `$sce.URL`,
+     *     `$sce.RESOURCE_URL`, `$sce.HTML`, `$sce.JS` or `$sce.CSS`.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value that should be considered trusted.
+     * @return {*} A trusted representation of value, that can be used in the given context.
+     */
+    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
+      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (!Constructor) {
+        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
+            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
+            type, trustedValue);
       }
-      if (context) {
-        return {context: base, name: name, value: value};
-      } else {
-        return value;
+      if (trustedValue === null || isUndefined(trustedValue) || trustedValue === '') {
+        return trustedValue;
       }
-    };
-  },
-  computedMember: function(left, right, context, create, expression) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var rhs;
-      var value;
-      if (lhs != null) {
-        rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        rhs = getStringValue(rhs);
-        ensureSafeMemberName(rhs, expression);
-        if (create && create !== 1) {
-          ensureSafeAssignContext(lhs);
-          if (lhs && !(lhs[rhs])) {
-            lhs[rhs] = {};
-          }
-        }
-        value = lhs[rhs];
-        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
+      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
+      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
+      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
+        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
+            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
+            type);
       }
-      if (context) {
-        return {context: lhs, name: rhs, value: value};
+      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
+     *
+     * @description
+     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
+     *
+     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, it must be returned as-is.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
+     *     call or anything else.
+     * @return {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
+     *     `value` unchanged.
+     */
+    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
       } else {
-        return value;
-      }
-    };
-  },
-  nonComputedMember: function(left, right, expensiveChecks, context, create, expression) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      if (create && create !== 1) {
-        ensureSafeAssignContext(lhs);
-        if (lhs && !(lhs[right])) {
-          lhs[right] = {};
-        }
+        return maybeTrusted;
       }
-      var value = lhs != null ? lhs[right] : undefined;
-      if (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(right)) {
-        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Given an object and a security context in which to assign it, returns a value that's safe to
+     * use in this context, which was represented by the parameter. To do so, this function either
+     * unwraps the safe type it has been given (for instance, a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} result), or it might try to sanitize the value given, depending on
+     * the context and sanitizer availablility.
+     *
+     * The contexts that can be sanitized are $sce.MEDIA_URL, $sce.URL and $sce.HTML. The first two are available
+     * by default, and the third one relies on the `$sanitize` service (which may be loaded through
+     * the `ngSanitize` module). Furthermore, for $sce.RESOURCE_URL context, a plain string may be
+     * accepted if the resource url policy defined by {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+     * `$sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList`} and {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+     * `$sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList`} accepts that resource.
+     *
+     * This function will throw if the safe type isn't appropriate for this context, or if the
+     * value given cannot be accepted in the context (which might be caused by sanitization not
+     * being available, or the value not being recognized as safe).
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+     * Disabling auto-escaping is extremely dangerous, it usually creates a Cross Site Scripting
+     * (XSS) vulnerability in your application.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is to be used (such as `$sce.HTML`).
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call, or anything else (which will not be considered trusted.)
+     * @return {*} A version of the value that's safe to use in the given context, or throws an
+     *     exception if this is impossible.
+     */
+    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted === null || isUndefined(maybeTrusted) || maybeTrusted === '') {
+        return maybeTrusted;
       }
-      if (context) {
-        return {context: lhs, name: right, value: value};
-      } else {
-        return value;
+      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      // If maybeTrusted is a trusted class instance or subclass instance, then unwrap and return
+      // as-is.
+      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
       }
-    };
-  },
-  inputs: function(input, watchId) {
-    return function(scope, value, locals, inputs) {
-      if (inputs) return inputs[watchId];
-      return input(scope, value, locals);
-    };
-  }
-};
 
-/**
- * @constructor
- */
-var Parser = function(lexer, $filter, options) {
-  this.lexer = lexer;
-  this.$filter = $filter;
-  this.options = options;
-  this.ast = new AST(lexer, options);
-  this.astCompiler = options.csp ? new ASTInterpreter(this.ast, $filter) :
-                                   new ASTCompiler(this.ast, $filter);
-};
+      // If maybeTrusted is a trusted class instance but not of the correct trusted type
+      // then unwrap it and allow it to pass through to the rest of the checks
+      if (isFunction(maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue)) {
+        maybeTrusted = maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
 
-Parser.prototype = {
-  constructor: Parser,
+      // If we get here, then we will either sanitize the value or throw an exception.
+      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL || type === SCE_CONTEXTS.URL) {
+        // we attempt to sanitize non-resource URLs
+        return $$sanitizeUri(maybeTrusted.toString(), type === SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL);
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
+        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
+          return maybeTrusted;
+        } else {
+          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
+              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
+              maybeTrusted.toString());
+        }
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
+        // htmlSanitizer throws its own error when no sanitizer is available.
+        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
+      }
+      // Default error when the $sce service has no way to make the input safe.
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    }
 
-  parse: function(text) {
-    return this.astCompiler.compile(text, this.options.expensiveChecks);
-  }
-};
-
-function isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(name) {
-  return name == 'constructor';
+    return { trustAs: trustAs,
+             getTrusted: getTrusted,
+             valueOf: valueOf };
+  }];
 }
 
-var objectValueOf = Object.prototype.valueOf;
-
-function getValueOf(value) {
-  return isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : objectValueOf.call(value);
-}
 
-///////////////////////////////////
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
+ * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
+ * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
+ *
+ * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ */
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc service
- * @name $parse
+ * @name $sce
  * @kind function
  *
  * @description
  *
- * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
+ * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
  *
- * ```js
- *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
- *   var setter = getter.assign;
- *   var context = {user:{name:'angular'}};
- *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
+ * ## Strict Contextual Escaping
  *
- *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('angular');
- *   setter(context, 'newValue');
- *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
- *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS constrains bindings to only render
+ * trusted values. Its goal is to assist in writing code in a way that (a) is secure by default, and
+ * (b) makes auditing for security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
+ *
+ * ### Overview
+ *
+ * To systematically block XSS security bugs, AngularJS treats all values as untrusted by default in
+ * HTML or sensitive URL bindings. When binding untrusted values, AngularJS will automatically
+ * run security checks on them (sanitizations, trusted URL resource, depending on context), or throw
+ * when it cannot guarantee the security of the result. That behavior depends strongly on contexts:
+ * HTML can be sanitized, but template URLs cannot, for instance.
+ *
+ * To illustrate this, consider the `ng-bind-html` directive. It renders its value directly as HTML:
+ * we call that the *context*. When given an untrusted input, AngularJS will attempt to sanitize it
+ * before rendering if a sanitizer is available, and throw otherwise. To bypass sanitization and
+ * render the input as-is, you will need to mark it as trusted for that context before attempting
+ * to bind it.
+ *
+ * As of version 1.2, AngularJS ships with SCE enabled by default.
+ *
+ * ### In practice
+ *
+ * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <input ng-model="userHtml" aria-label="User input">
+ * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
  * ```
  *
+ * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
+ * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV, which would
+ * be an XSS security bug. In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog
+ * articles, etc. via bindings. (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user
+ * controlled input creates security vulnerabilities.)
  *
- * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
- * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+ * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
+ * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
  *
- *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
- *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
- *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
- *      `context`.
+ * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
+ * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
+ * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
+ * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
  *
- *    The returned function also has the following properties:
- *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
- *        literal.
- *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
- *        constant literals.
- *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
- *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
+ * To be secure by default, AngularJS makes sure bindings go through that sanitization, or
+ * any similar validation process, unless there's a good reason to trust the given value in this
+ * context.  That trust is formalized with a function call. This means that as a developer, you
+ * can assume all untrusted bindings are safe. Then, to audit your code for binding security issues,
+ * you just need to ensure the values you mark as trusted indeed are safe - because they were
+ * received from your server, sanitized by your library, etc. You can organize your codebase to
+ * help with this - perhaps allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.
+ * Ensuring that the internal API exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then
+ * becomes a more manageable task.
+ *
+ * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
+ * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
+ * build the trusted versions of your values.
+ *
+ * ### How does it work?
+ *
+ * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
+ * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Think of this function as
+ * a way to enforce the required security context in your data sink. Directives use {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAs $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs
+ * the {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals. Also,
+ * when binding without directives, AngularJS will understand the context of your bindings
+ * automatically.
+ *
+ * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
+ * simplified):
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+ *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
+ *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
+ *       element.html(value || '');
+ *     });
+ *   };
+ * }];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ### Impact on loading templates
+ *
+ * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
+ * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
+ *
+ * By default, AngularJS only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
+ * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
+ * protocols, you may either add them to the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * trustedResourceUrlList} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} into trusted values.
+ *
+ * *Please note*:
+ * The browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
+ * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
+ * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
+ * browsers.
+ *
+ * ### This feels like too much overhead
+ *
+ * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
+ *
+ * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
+ * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (e.g.
+ * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works (remember to include the
+ * `ngSanitize` module). The `$sceDelegate` will also use the `$sanitize` service if it is available
+ * when binding untrusted values to `$sce.HTML` context.
+ * AngularJS provides an implementation in `angular-sanitize.js`, and if you
+ * wish to use it, you will also need to depend on the {@link ngSanitize `ngSanitize`} module in
+ * your application.
+ *
+ * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
+ * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
+ * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
+ * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trusted resource URL list} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList banned resource URL list} for matching such URLs.
+ *
+ * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
+ * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
+ * security onto an application later.
+ *
+ * <a name="contexts"></a>
+ * ### What trusted context types are supported?
+ *
+ * | Context             | Notes          |
+ * |---------------------|----------------|
+ * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
+ * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ * | `$sce.MEDIA_URL`    | For URLs that are safe to render as media. Is automatically converted from string by sanitizing when needed. |
+ * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links. Is automatically converted from string by sanitizing when needed. Note that `$sce.URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.MEDIA_URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.MEDIA_URL` are required.|
+ * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` or `$sce.MEDIA_URL` do and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` or `$sce.MEDIA_URL` are required. <br><br> The {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList()} and {@link $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList()} can be used to restrict trusted origins for `RESOURCE_URL` |
+ * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ *
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Be aware that, before AngularJS 1.7.0, `a[href]` and `img[src]` used to sanitize their
+ * interpolated values directly rather than rely upon {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted `$sce.getTrusted`}.
+ *
+ * **As of 1.7.0, this is no longer the case.**
+ *
+ * Now such interpolations are marked as requiring `$sce.URL` (for `a[href]`) or `$sce.MEDIA_URL`
+ * (for `img[src]`), so that the sanitization happens (via `$sce.getTrusted...`) when the `$interpolate`
+ * service evaluates the expressions.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * There are no CSS or JS context bindings in AngularJS currently, so their corresponding `$sce.trustAs`
+ * functions aren't useful yet. This might evolve.
+ *
+ * ### Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trustedResourceUrlList}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList bannedResourceUrlList} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
+ *
+ *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
+ *
+ *  - **'self'**
+ *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
+ *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
+ *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
+ *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
+ *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
+ *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
+ *      match themselves.
+ *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
+ *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and '`;`'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
+ *      for matching resource URL lists.
+ *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
+ *      appropriate for use in a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
+ *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
+ *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
+ *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
+ *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
+ *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
+ *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
+ *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
+ *      have good test coverage).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
+ *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
+ *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
+ *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
+ *      as a last resort.
+ *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
+ *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
+ *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
+ *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
+ *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
+ *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
+ *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
+ *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
+ *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
+ *      enough before coding your own.  E.g. Ruby has
+ *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
+ *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
+ *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
+ *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
+ *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
+ *
+ * ### Show me an example using SCE.
+ *
+ * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js" name="sce-service">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
+ *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
+ *     <b>User comments</b><br>
+ *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
+ *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
+ *     exploit.
+ *     <div class="well">
+ *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
+ *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
+ *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
+ *         <br>
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="script.js">
+ *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
+ *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
+ *       function AppController($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
+ *         var self = this;
+ *         $http.get('test_data.json', {cache: $templateCache}).then(function(response) {
+ *           self.userComments = response.data;
+ *         });
+ *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
+ *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *       }]);
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="test_data.json">
+ * [
+ *   { "name": "Alice",
+ *     "htmlComment":
+ *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
+ *   },
+ *   { "name": "Bob",
+ *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
+ *   }
+ * ]
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
+ *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getAttribute('innerHTML'))
+ *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).toBe(
+ *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
+ *
+ * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
+ * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
+ * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
+ * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
+ * you're migrating them a module at a time. Also do note that this is an app-wide setting, so if
+ * you are writing a library, you will cause security bugs applications using it.
+ *
+ * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
+ *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
+ *   // Do not use in new projects or libraries.
+ *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
+ * });
+ * ```
  *
  */
 
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $parseProvider
- *
- * @description
- * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
- *  service.
- */
-function $ParseProvider() {
-  var cacheDefault = createMap();
-  var cacheExpensive = createMap();
-  var literals = {
-    'true': true,
-    'false': false,
-    'null': null,
-    'undefined': undefined
-  };
-  var identStart, identContinue;
+function $SceProvider() {
+  var enabled = true;
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $parseProvider#addLiteral
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Configure $parse service to add literal values that will be present as literal at expressions.
+   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
+   * @kind function
    *
-   * @param {string} literalName Token for the literal value. The literal name value must be a valid literal name.
-   * @param {*} literalValue Value for this literal. All literal values must be primitives or `undefined`.
+   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE application-wide.
+   * @return {boolean} True if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
    *
-   **/
-  this.addLiteral = function(literalName, literalValue) {
-    literals[literalName] = literalValue;
-  };
-
- /**
-  * @ngdoc method
-  * @name $parseProvider#setIdentifierFns
-  * @description
-  *
-  * Allows defining the set of characters that are allowed in Angular expressions. The function
-  * `identifierStart` will get called to know if a given character is a valid character to be the
-  * first character for an identifier. The function `identifierContinue` will get called to know if
-  * a given character is a valid character to be a follow-up identifier character. The functions
-  * `identifierStart` and `identifierContinue` will receive as arguments the single character to be
-  * identifier and the character code point. These arguments will be `string` and `numeric`. Keep in
-  * mind that the `string` parameter can be two characters long depending on the character
-  * representation. It is expected for the function to return `true` or `false`, whether that
-  * character is allowed or not.
-  *
-  * Since this function will be called extensivelly, keep the implementation of these functions fast,
-  * as the performance of these functions have a direct impact on the expressions parsing speed.
-  *
-  * @param {function=} identifierStart The function that will decide whether the given character is
-  *   a valid identifier start character.
-  * @param {function=} identifierContinue The function that will decide whether the given character is
-  *   a valid identifier continue character.
-  */
-  this.setIdentifierFns = function(identifierStart, identifierContinue) {
-    identStart = identifierStart;
-    identContinue = identifierContinue;
-    return this;
+   * @description
+   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
+   */
+  this.enabled = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      enabled = !!value;
+    }
+    return enabled;
   };
 
-  this.$get = ['$filter', function($filter) {
-    var noUnsafeEval = csp().noUnsafeEval;
-    var $parseOptions = {
-          csp: noUnsafeEval,
-          expensiveChecks: false,
-          literals: copy(literals),
-          isIdentifierStart: isFunction(identStart) && identStart,
-          isIdentifierContinue: isFunction(identContinue) && identContinue
-        },
-        $parseOptionsExpensive = {
-          csp: noUnsafeEval,
-          expensiveChecks: true,
-          literals: copy(literals),
-          isIdentifierStart: isFunction(identStart) && identStart,
-          isIdentifierContinue: isFunction(identContinue) && identContinue
-        };
-    var runningChecksEnabled = false;
-
-    $parse.$$runningExpensiveChecks = function() {
-      return runningChecksEnabled;
-    };
-
-    return $parse;
-
-    function $parse(exp, interceptorFn, expensiveChecks) {
-      var parsedExpression, oneTime, cacheKey;
-
-      expensiveChecks = expensiveChecks || runningChecksEnabled;
-
-      switch (typeof exp) {
-        case 'string':
-          exp = exp.trim();
-          cacheKey = exp;
-
-          var cache = (expensiveChecks ? cacheExpensive : cacheDefault);
-          parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
-
-          if (!parsedExpression) {
-            if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
-              oneTime = true;
-              exp = exp.substring(2);
-            }
-            var parseOptions = expensiveChecks ? $parseOptionsExpensive : $parseOptions;
-            var lexer = new Lexer(parseOptions);
-            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, parseOptions);
-            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);
-            if (parsedExpression.constant) {
-              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
-            } else if (oneTime) {
-              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.literal ?
-                  oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate : oneTimeWatchDelegate;
-            } else if (parsedExpression.inputs) {
-              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
-            }
-            if (expensiveChecks) {
-              parsedExpression = expensiveChecksInterceptor(parsedExpression);
-            }
-            cache[cacheKey] = parsedExpression;
-          }
-          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);
 
-        case 'function':
-          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);
+  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
+   *
+   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
+   * -------------------------------------
+   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
+   *
+   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
+   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
+   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
+   *
+   * - valueOf(value)
+   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
+   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
+   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
+   *     such a value.
+   *
+   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This function should return the value that is safe to use in the context specified by
+   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
+   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
+   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
+   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
+   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
+   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
+   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
+   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
+   *
+   *
+   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
+   * ------------------------------------------------
+   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
+   * is purely an implementation details.
+   *
+   * The contract is simply this:
+   *
+   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
+   *     will also succeed.
+   *
+   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way. In some future, we may not use
+   * inheritance anymore. That is OK because no code outside of sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to
+   * be aware of this detail.
+   */
 
-        default:
-          return addInterceptor(noop, interceptorFn);
-      }
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sceDelegate', function(
+                $parse,   $sceDelegate) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11 only
+    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE<11 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE < 11 allow
+    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
+    if (enabled && msie < 8) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
+        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks ' +
+        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
+        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
     }
 
-    function expensiveChecksInterceptor(fn) {
-      if (!fn) return fn;
-      expensiveCheckFn.$$watchDelegate = fn.$$watchDelegate;
-      expensiveCheckFn.assign = expensiveChecksInterceptor(fn.assign);
-      expensiveCheckFn.constant = fn.constant;
-      expensiveCheckFn.literal = fn.literal;
-      for (var i = 0; fn.inputs && i < fn.inputs.length; ++i) {
-        fn.inputs[i] = expensiveChecksInterceptor(fn.inputs[i]);
-      }
-      expensiveCheckFn.inputs = fn.inputs;
+    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
 
-      return expensiveCheckFn;
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#isEnabled
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @return {Boolean} True if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
+     *     have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
+     */
+    sce.isEnabled = function() {
+      return enabled;
+    };
+    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
+    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
+    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
 
-      function expensiveCheckFn(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var expensiveCheckOldValue = runningChecksEnabled;
-        runningChecksEnabled = true;
-        try {
-          return fn(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        } finally {
-          runningChecksEnabled = expensiveCheckOldValue;
-        }
-      }
+    if (!enabled) {
+      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
+      sce.valueOf = identity;
     }
 
-    function expressionInputDirtyCheck(newValue, oldValueOfValue) {
-
-      if (newValue == null || oldValueOfValue == null) { // null/undefined
-        return newValue === oldValueOfValue;
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Converts AngularJS {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
+     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
+     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
+     * *result*)}
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The SCE context in which this result will be used.
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
+      var parsed = $parse(expr);
+      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
+        return parsed;
+      } else {
+        return $parse(expr, function(value) {
+          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
+        });
       }
+    };
 
-      if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
-
-        // attempt to convert the value to a primitive type
-        // TODO(docs): add a note to docs that by implementing valueOf even objects and arrays can
-        //             be cheaply dirty-checked
-        newValue = getValueOf(newValue);
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}. As such, returns a
+     * wrapped object that represents your value, and the trust you have in its safety for the given
+     * context. AngularJS can then use that value as-is in bindings of the specified secure context.
+     * This is used in bindings for `ng-bind-html`, `ng-include`, and most `src` attribute
+     * interpolations. See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for strict contextual escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is safe for use, e.g. `$sce.URL`,
+     *     `$sce.RESOURCE_URL`, `$sce.HTML`, `$sce.JS` or `$sce.CSS`.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in the context you specified.
+     */
 
-        if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
-          // objects/arrays are not supported - deep-watching them would be too expensive
-          return false;
-        }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.HTML` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.HTML` context (like `ng-bind-html`).
+     */
 
-        // fall-through to the primitive equality check
-      }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.CSS` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant
+     *     of your `value` in `$sce.CSS` context. This context is currently unused, so there are
+     *     almost no reasons to use this function so far.
+     */
 
-      //Primitive or NaN
-      return newValue === oldValueOfValue || (newValue !== newValue && oldValueOfValue !== oldValueOfValue);
-    }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.URL` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.URL` context. That context is currently unused, so there are almost no reasons
+     *     to use this function so far.
+     */
 
-    function inputsWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
-      var inputExpressions = parsedExpression.inputs;
-      var lastResult;
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context (template URLs in `ng-include`, most `src` attribute
+     *     bindings, ...)
+     */
 
-      if (inputExpressions.length === 1) {
-        var oldInputValueOf = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
-        inputExpressions = inputExpressions[0];
-        return scope.$watch(function expressionInputWatch(scope) {
-          var newInputValue = inputExpressions(scope);
-          if (!expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOf)) {
-            lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, [newInputValue]);
-            oldInputValueOf = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
-          }
-          return lastResult;
-        }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
-      }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.JS` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.JS` context. That context is currently unused, so there are almost no reasons to
+     *     use this function so far.
+     */
 
-      var oldInputValueOfValues = [];
-      var oldInputValues = [];
-      for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        oldInputValueOfValues[i] = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
-        oldInputValues[i] = null;
-      }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
+     * takes any input, and either returns a value that's safe to use in the specified context,
+     * or throws an exception. This function is aware of trusted values created by the `trustAs`
+     * function and its shorthands, and when contexts are appropriate, returns the unwrapped value
+     * as-is. Finally, this function can also throw when there is no way to turn `maybeTrusted` in a
+     * safe value (e.g., no sanitization is available or possible.)
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs
+     *     `$sce.trustAs`} call, or anything else (which will not be considered trusted.)
+     * @return {*} A version of the value that's safe to use in the given context, or throws an
+     *     exception if this is impossible.
+     */
 
-      return scope.$watch(function expressionInputsWatch(scope) {
-        var changed = false;
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
+     */
 
-        for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          var newInputValue = inputExpressions[i](scope);
-          if (changed || (changed = !expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOfValues[i]))) {
-            oldInputValues[i] = newInputValue;
-            oldInputValueOfValues[i] = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
-          }
-        }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
+     */
 
-        if (changed) {
-          lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, oldInputValues);
-        }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
+     */
 
-        return lastResult;
-      }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
-    }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
+     */
 
-    function oneTimeWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
-      var unwatch, lastValue;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
-        return parsedExpression(scope);
-      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
-        lastValue = value;
-        if (isFunction(listener)) {
-          listener.apply(this, arguments);
-        }
-        if (isDefined(value)) {
-          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
-            if (isDefined(lastValue)) {
-              unwatch();
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      }, objectEquality);
-    }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
+     */
 
-    function oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
-      var unwatch, lastValue;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
-        return parsedExpression(scope);
-      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
-        lastValue = value;
-        if (isFunction(listener)) {
-          listener.call(this, value, old, scope);
-        }
-        if (isAllDefined(value)) {
-          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
-            if (isAllDefined(lastValue)) unwatch();
-          });
-        }
-      }, objectEquality);
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-      function isAllDefined(value) {
-        var allDefined = true;
-        forEach(value, function(val) {
-          if (!isDefined(val)) allDefined = false;
-        });
-        return allDefined;
-      }
-    }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
-      var unwatch;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
-        unwatch();
-        return parsedExpression(scope);
-      }, listener, objectEquality);
-    }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
-      if (!interceptorFn) return parsedExpression;
-      var watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
-      var useInputs = false;
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-      var regularWatch =
-          watchDelegate !== oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate &&
-          watchDelegate !== oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-      var fn = regularWatch ? function regularInterceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        return interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
-      } : function oneTimeInterceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        var result = interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
-        // we only return the interceptor's result if the
-        // initial value is defined (for bind-once)
-        return isDefined(value) ? result : value;
+    // Shorthand delegations.
+    var parse = sce.parseAs,
+        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
+        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
+
+    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function(enumValue, name) {
+      var lName = lowercase(name);
+      sce[snakeToCamel('parse_as_' + lName)] = function(expr) {
+        return parse(enumValue, expr);
+      };
+      sce[snakeToCamel('get_trusted_' + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
+      };
+      sce[snakeToCamel('trust_as_' + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
       };
+    });
 
-      // Propagate $$watchDelegates other then inputsWatchDelegate
-      if (parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate &&
-          parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate !== inputsWatchDelegate) {
-        fn.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
-      } else if (!interceptorFn.$stateful) {
-        // If there is an interceptor, but no watchDelegate then treat the interceptor like
-        // we treat filters - it is assumed to be a pure function unless flagged with $stateful
-        fn.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
-        useInputs = !parsedExpression.inputs;
-        fn.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs ? parsedExpression.inputs : [parsedExpression];
-      }
+    return sce;
+  }];
+}
 
-      return fn;
+/* exported $SnifferProvider */
+
+/**
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
+ *
+ * @name $sniffer
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
+ * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
+ * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
+ */
+function $SnifferProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
+    var eventSupport = {},
+        // Chrome Packaged Apps are not allowed to access `history.pushState`.
+        // If not sandboxed, they can be detected by the presence of `chrome.app.runtime`
+        // (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/api_index). If sandboxed, they can be detected by
+        // the presence of an extension runtime ID and the absence of other Chrome runtime APIs
+        // (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/manifest/sandbox).
+        // (NW.js apps have access to Chrome APIs, but do support `history`.)
+        isNw = $window.nw && $window.nw.process,
+        isChromePackagedApp =
+            !isNw &&
+            $window.chrome &&
+            ($window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.app.runtime ||
+                !$window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.runtime && $window.chrome.runtime.id),
+        hasHistoryPushState = !isChromePackagedApp && $window.history && $window.history.pushState,
+        android =
+          toInt((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
+        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
+        document = $document[0] || {},
+        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
+        transitions = false,
+        animations = false;
+
+    if (bodyStyle) {
+      // Support: Android <5, Blackberry Browser 10, default Chrome in Android 4.4.x
+      // Mentioned browsers need a -webkit- prefix for transitions & animations.
+      transitions = !!('transition' in bodyStyle || 'webkitTransition' in bodyStyle);
+      animations = !!('animation' in bodyStyle || 'webkitAnimation' in bodyStyle);
     }
+
+
+    return {
+      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
+      // so let's not use the history API at all.
+      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
+      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
+
+      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
+      // so let's not use the history API also
+      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
+      history: !!(hasHistoryPushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
+      hasEvent: function(event) {
+        // Support: IE 9-11 only
+        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
+        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
+        // when cut operation is performed.
+        // IE10+ implements 'input' event but it erroneously fires under various situations,
+        // e.g. when placeholder changes, or a form is focused.
+        if (event === 'input' && msie) return false;
+
+        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
+          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
+          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
+        }
+
+        return eventSupport[event];
+      },
+      csp: csp(),
+      transitions: transitions,
+      animations: animations,
+      android: android
+    };
   }];
 }
 
+var $templateRequestMinErr = minErr('$templateRequest');
+
 /**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $q
- * @requires $rootScope
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $templateRequestProvider
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
- * A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions)
- * when they are done processing.
- *
- * This is an implementation of promises/deferred objects inspired by
- * [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
- *
- * $q can be used in two fashions --- one which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
- * implementations, and the other which resembles ES6 (ES2015) promises to some degree.
- *
- * # $q constructor
- *
- * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
- * function as the first argument. This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6,
- * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
- *
- * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from ES6 promises are
- * available yet.
- *
- * It can be used like so:
- *
- * ```js
- *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
- *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
- *
- *   function asyncGreet(name) {
- *     // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
- *     return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
- *       setTimeout(function() {
- *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
- *           resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
- *         } else {
- *           reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
- *         }
- *       }, 1000);
- *     });
- *   }
- *
- *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
- *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
- *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
- *   }, function(reason) {
- *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * Note: progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
- *
- * Note: unlike ES6 behavior, an exception thrown in the constructor function will NOT implicitly reject the promise.
- *
- * However, the more traditional CommonJS-style usage is still available, and documented below.
- *
- * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
- * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
- * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
- *
- * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
- * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
- *
- * ```js
- *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
- *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
- *
- *   function asyncGreet(name) {
- *     var deferred = $q.defer();
- *
- *     setTimeout(function() {
- *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
- *
- *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
- *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
- *       } else {
- *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
- *       }
- *     }, 1000);
- *
- *     return deferred.promise;
- *   }
- *
- *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
- *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
- *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
- *   }, function(reason) {
- *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
- *   }, function(update) {
- *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
- * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
- * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
- *
- * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
- * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
- * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
- * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
- *
- * # The Deferred API
- *
- * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
- *
- * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
- * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
- * of the task.
- *
- * **Methods**
- *
- * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
- *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
- * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
- *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
- * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
- *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
- *
- * **Properties**
- *
- * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
- *
- *
- * # The Promise API
- *
- * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
- * calling `deferred.promise`.
- *
- * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
- * of the deferred task when it completes.
- *
- * **Methods**
- *
- * - `then(successCallback, [errorCallback], [notifyCallback])` – regardless of when the promise was or
- *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
- *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
- *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
- *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
- *
- *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
- *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback` (unless that value is a promise, in which case it is resolved
- *   with the value which is resolved in that promise using
- *   [promise chaining](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/es6/promises/#toc-promises-queues)).
- *   It also notifies via the return value of the `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be
- *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method. The errorCallback and notifyCallback
- *   arguments are optional.
- *
- * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
- *
- * - `finally(callback, notifyCallback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
- *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
- *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
- *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
- *   more information.
- *
- * # Chaining promises
- *
- * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
- * possible to create a chain of promises:
- *
- * ```js
- *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
- *     return result + 1;
- *   });
- *
- *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
- *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
- * ```
- *
- * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
- * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
- * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
- * $http's response interceptors.
- *
- *
- * # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
- *
- *  There are two main differences:
- *
- * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
- *   mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
- *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
- * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
- *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
- *
- * # Testing
- *
- *  ```js
- *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
- *      var deferred = $q.defer();
- *      var promise = deferred.promise;
- *      var resolvedValue;
- *
- *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
- *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
- *
- *      // Simulate resolving of promise
- *      deferred.resolve(123);
- *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
- *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
- *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
- *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
- *
- *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
- *      $rootScope.$apply();
- *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
- *    }));
- *  ```
- *
- * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
- *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameter is a function which resolves the
- *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
+ * Used to configure the options passed to the {@link $http} service when making a template request.
  *
- * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
+ * For example, it can be used for specifying the "Accept" header that is sent to the server, when
+ * requesting a template.
  */
-function $QProvider() {
-
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
-    return qFactory(function(callback) {
-      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
-    }, $exceptionHandler);
-  }];
-}
-
-function $$QProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
-    return qFactory(function(callback) {
-      $browser.defer(callback);
-    }, $exceptionHandler);
-  }];
-}
+function $TemplateRequestProvider() {
 
-/**
- * Constructs a promise manager.
- *
- * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
- * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
- *     debugging purposes.
- * @returns {object} Promise manager.
- */
-function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
-  var $qMinErr = minErr('$q', TypeError);
+  var httpOptions;
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ng.$q#defer
-   * @kind function
-   *
+   * @name $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions
    * @description
-   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
+   * The options to be passed to the {@link $http} service when making the request.
+   * You can use this to override options such as the "Accept" header for template requests.
    *
-   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
+   * The {@link $templateRequest} will set the `cache` and the `transformResponse` properties of the
+   * options if not overridden here.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value for the {@link $http} options.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the {@link $http} options when used as getter and self if used as setter.
    */
-  var defer = function() {
-    var d = new Deferred();
-    //Necessary to support unbound execution :/
-    d.resolve = simpleBind(d, d.resolve);
-    d.reject = simpleBind(d, d.reject);
-    d.notify = simpleBind(d, d.notify);
-    return d;
+  this.httpOptions = function(val) {
+    if (val) {
+      httpOptions = val;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return httpOptions;
   };
 
-  function Promise() {
-    this.$$state = { status: 0 };
-  }
-
-  extend(Promise.prototype, {
-    then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack) {
-      if (isUndefined(onFulfilled) && isUndefined(onRejected) && isUndefined(progressBack)) {
-        return this;
-      }
-      var result = new Deferred();
-
-      this.$$state.pending = this.$$state.pending || [];
-      this.$$state.pending.push([result, onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack]);
-      if (this.$$state.status > 0) scheduleProcessQueue(this.$$state);
-
-      return result.promise;
-    },
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $templateRequest
+   *
+   * @description
+   * The `$templateRequest` service runs security checks then downloads the provided template using
+   * `$http` and, upon success, stores the contents inside of `$templateCache`. If the HTTP request
+   * fails or the response data of the HTTP request is empty, a `$compile` error will be thrown (the
+   * exception can be thwarted by setting the 2nd parameter of the function to true). Note that the
+   * contents of `$templateCache` are trusted, so the call to `$sce.getTrustedUrl(tpl)` is omitted
+   * when `tpl` is of type string and `$templateCache` has the matching entry.
+   *
+   * If you want to pass custom options to the `$http` service, such as setting the Accept header you
+   * can configure this via {@link $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions}.
+   *
+   * `$templateRequest` is used internally by {@link $compile}, {@link ngRoute.$route}, and directives such
+   * as {@link ngInclude} to download and cache templates.
+   *
+   * 3rd party modules should use `$templateRequest` if their services or directives are loading
+   * templates.
+   *
+   * @param {string|TrustedResourceUrl} tpl The HTTP request template URL
+   * @param {boolean=} ignoreRequestError Whether or not to ignore the exception when the request fails or the template is empty
+   *
+   * @return {Promise} a promise for the HTTP response data of the given URL.
+   *
+   * @property {number} totalPendingRequests total amount of pending template requests being downloaded.
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$templateCache', '$http', '$q', '$sce',
+    function($exceptionHandler, $templateCache, $http, $q, $sce) {
 
-    "catch": function(callback) {
-      return this.then(null, callback);
-    },
+      function handleRequestFn(tpl, ignoreRequestError) {
+        handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests++;
 
-    "finally": function(callback, progressBack) {
-      return this.then(function(value) {
-        return handleCallback(value, true, callback);
-      }, function(error) {
-        return handleCallback(error, false, callback);
-      }, progressBack);
-    }
-  });
+        // We consider the template cache holds only trusted templates, so
+        // there's no need to go through adding the template again to the trusted
+        // resources for keys that already are included in there. This also makes
+        // AngularJS accept any script directive, no matter its name. However, we
+        // still need to unwrap trusted types.
+        if (!isString(tpl) || isUndefined($templateCache.get(tpl))) {
+          tpl = $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(tpl);
+        }
 
-  //Faster, more basic than angular.bind http://jsperf.com/angular-bind-vs-custom-vs-native
-  function simpleBind(context, fn) {
-    return function(value) {
-      fn.call(context, value);
-    };
-  }
+        var transformResponse = $http.defaults && $http.defaults.transformResponse;
 
-  function processQueue(state) {
-    var fn, deferred, pending;
+        if (isArray(transformResponse)) {
+          transformResponse = transformResponse.filter(function(transformer) {
+            return transformer !== defaultHttpResponseTransform;
+          });
+        } else if (transformResponse === defaultHttpResponseTransform) {
+          transformResponse = null;
+        }
+
+        return $http.get(tpl, extend({
+            cache: $templateCache,
+            transformResponse: transformResponse
+          }, httpOptions))
+          .finally(function() {
+            handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests--;
+          })
+          .then(function(response) {
+            return $templateCache.put(tpl, response.data);
+          }, handleError);
+
+        function handleError(resp) {
+          if (!ignoreRequestError) {
+            resp = $templateRequestMinErr('tpload',
+                'Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})',
+                tpl, resp.status, resp.statusText);
+
+            $exceptionHandler(resp);
+          }
 
-    pending = state.pending;
-    state.processScheduled = false;
-    state.pending = undefined;
-    for (var i = 0, ii = pending.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-      deferred = pending[i][0];
-      fn = pending[i][state.status];
-      try {
-        if (isFunction(fn)) {
-          deferred.resolve(fn(state.value));
-        } else if (state.status === 1) {
-          deferred.resolve(state.value);
-        } else {
-          deferred.reject(state.value);
+          return $q.reject(resp);
         }
-      } catch (e) {
-        deferred.reject(e);
-        exceptionHandler(e);
       }
-    }
-  }
 
-  function scheduleProcessQueue(state) {
-    if (state.processScheduled || !state.pending) return;
-    state.processScheduled = true;
-    nextTick(function() { processQueue(state); });
-  }
+      handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests = 0;
 
-  function Deferred() {
-    this.promise = new Promise();
-  }
+      return handleRequestFn;
+    }
+  ];
+}
 
-  extend(Deferred.prototype, {
-    resolve: function(val) {
-      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
-      if (val === this.promise) {
-        this.$$reject($qMinErr(
-          'qcycle',
-          "Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself '{0}'",
-          val));
-      } else {
-        this.$$resolve(val);
-      }
+/** @this */
+function $$TestabilityProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$location',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $location) {
 
-    },
+    /**
+     * @name $testability
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The private $$testability service provides a collection of methods for use when debugging
+     * or by automated test and debugging tools.
+     */
+    var testability = {};
 
-    $$resolve: function(val) {
-      var then;
-      var that = this;
-      var done = false;
-      try {
-        if ((isObject(val) || isFunction(val))) then = val && val.then;
-        if (isFunction(then)) {
-          this.promise.$$state.status = -1;
-          then.call(val, resolvePromise, rejectPromise, simpleBind(this, this.notify));
-        } else {
-          this.promise.$$state.value = val;
-          this.promise.$$state.status = 1;
-          scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findBindings
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are bound (via ng-bind or {{}})
+     * to expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The binding expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression. Filters and whitespace are ignored.
+     */
+    testability.findBindings = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var bindings = element.getElementsByClassName('ng-binding');
+      var matches = [];
+      forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
+        var dataBinding = angular.element(binding).data('$binding');
+        if (dataBinding) {
+          forEach(dataBinding, function(bindingName) {
+            if (opt_exactMatch) {
+              var matcher = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeForRegexp(expression) + '(\\s|\\||$)');
+              if (matcher.test(bindingName)) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (bindingName.indexOf(expression) !== -1) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            }
+          });
         }
-      } catch (e) {
-        rejectPromise(e);
-        exceptionHandler(e);
-      }
+      });
+      return matches;
+    };
 
-      function resolvePromise(val) {
-        if (done) return;
-        done = true;
-        that.$$resolve(val);
-      }
-      function rejectPromise(val) {
-        if (done) return;
-        done = true;
-        that.$$reject(val);
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findModels
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are two-way found via ng-model to
+     * expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The model expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression.
+     */
+    testability.findModels = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var prefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng\\:'];
+      for (var p = 0; p < prefixes.length; ++p) {
+        var attributeEquals = opt_exactMatch ? '=' : '*=';
+        var selector = '[' + prefixes[p] + 'model' + attributeEquals + '"' + expression + '"]';
+        var elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
+        if (elements.length) {
+          return elements;
+        }
       }
-    },
-
-    reject: function(reason) {
-      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
-      this.$$reject(reason);
-    },
-
-    $$reject: function(reason) {
-      this.promise.$$state.value = reason;
-      this.promise.$$state.status = 2;
-      scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
-    },
+    };
 
-    notify: function(progress) {
-      var callbacks = this.promise.$$state.pending;
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#getLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for getting the location in a browser agnostic way. Returns
+     *     the path, search, and hash. (e.g. /path?a=b#hash)
+     */
+    testability.getLocation = function() {
+      return $location.url();
+    };
 
-      if ((this.promise.$$state.status <= 0) && callbacks && callbacks.length) {
-        nextTick(function() {
-          var callback, result;
-          for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
-            result = callbacks[i][0];
-            callback = callbacks[i][3];
-            try {
-              result.notify(isFunction(callback) ? callback(progress) : progress);
-            } catch (e) {
-              exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-        });
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#setLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for navigating to a location without doing a full page reload.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url The location url (path, search and hash,
+     *     e.g. /path?a=b#hash) to go to.
+     */
+    testability.setLocation = function(url) {
+      if (url !== $location.url()) {
+        $location.url(url);
+        $rootScope.$digest();
       }
-    }
-  });
+    };
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#reject
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
-   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
-   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
-   *
-   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
-   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
-   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
-   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
-   * `reject`.
-   *
-   * ```js
-   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
-   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
-   *     //          with the old or a new result
-   *     return result;
-   *   }, function(reason) {
-   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
-   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
-   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
-   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
-   *      // handle the error and recover
-   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
-   *     }
-   *     return $q.reject(reason);
-   *   });
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
-   */
-  var reject = function(reason) {
-    var result = new Deferred();
-    result.reject(reason);
-    return result.promise;
-  };
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#whenStable
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Calls the callback when all pending tasks are completed.
+     *
+     * Types of tasks waited for include:
+     * - Pending timeouts (via {@link $timeout}).
+     * - Pending HTTP requests (via {@link $http}).
+     * - In-progress route transitions (via {@link $route}).
+     * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link $rootScope#$applyAsync}.
+     * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link $rootScope#$evalAsync}.
+     *   These include tasks scheduled via `$evalAsync()` indirectly (such as {@link $q} promises).
+     *
+     * @param {function} callback
+     */
+    testability.whenStable = function(callback) {
+      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(callback);
+    };
 
-  var makePromise = function makePromise(value, resolved) {
-    var result = new Deferred();
-    if (resolved) {
-      result.resolve(value);
-    } else {
-      result.reject(value);
-    }
-    return result.promise;
-  };
+    return testability;
+  }];
+}
 
-  var handleCallback = function handleCallback(value, isResolved, callback) {
-    var callbackOutput = null;
-    try {
-      if (isFunction(callback)) callbackOutput = callback();
-    } catch (e) {
-      return makePromise(e, false);
-    }
-    if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
-      return callbackOutput.then(function() {
-        return makePromise(value, isResolved);
-      }, function(error) {
-        return makePromise(error, false);
-      });
-    } else {
-      return makePromise(value, isResolved);
-    }
-  };
+var $timeoutMinErr = minErr('$timeout');
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#when
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
-   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
-   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
-   *
-   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
-   * @param {Function=} successCallback
-   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
-   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
-   */
+/** @this */
+function $TimeoutProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
 
+    var deferreds = {};
 
-  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressBack) {
-    var result = new Deferred();
-    result.resolve(value);
-    return result.promise.then(callback, errback, progressBack);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#resolve
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Alias of {@link ng.$q#when when} to maintain naming consistency with ES6.
-   *
-   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
-   * @param {Function=} successCallback
-   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
-   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
-   */
-  var resolve = when;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#all
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
-   * promises are resolved.
-   *
-   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
-   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
-   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
-   *   with the same rejection value.
-   */
-
-  function all(promises) {
-    var deferred = new Deferred(),
-        counter = 0,
-        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
-
-    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
-      counter++;
-      when(promise).then(function(value) {
-        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
-        results[key] = value;
-        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
-      }, function(reason) {
-        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
-        deferred.reject(reason);
-      });
-    });
-
-    if (counter === 0) {
-      deferred.resolve(results);
-    }
 
-    return deferred.promise;
-  }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $timeout
+     *
+     * @description
+     * AngularJS's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
+     * block and delegates any exceptions to
+     * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+     *
+     * The return value of calling `$timeout` is a promise, which will be resolved when
+     * the delay has passed and the timeout function, if provided, is executed.
+     *
+     * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
+     *
+     * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
+     * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
+     *
+     * If you only want a promise that will be resolved after some specified delay
+     * then you can call `$timeout` without the `fn` function.
+     *
+     * @param {function()=} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
+     * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
+     * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+     *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+     * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
+     * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The promise
+     *   will be resolved with the return value of the `fn` function.
+     *
+     */
+    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
+      if (!isFunction(fn)) {
+        invokeApply = delay;
+        delay = fn;
+        fn = noop;
+      }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#race
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Returns a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of those promises
-   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
-   *
-   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
-   * @returns {Promise} a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of the `promises`
-   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
-   */
+      var args = sliceArgs(arguments, 3),
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          timeoutId;
 
-  function race(promises) {
-    var deferred = defer();
+      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
+        try {
+          deferred.resolve(fn.apply(null, args));
+        } catch (e) {
+          deferred.reject(e);
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        }
 
-    forEach(promises, function(promise) {
-      when(promise).then(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject);
-    });
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+      }, delay, '$timeout');
 
-    return deferred.promise;
-  }
+      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
+      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
 
-  var $Q = function Q(resolver) {
-    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
-      throw $qMinErr('norslvr', "Expected resolverFn, got '{0}'", resolver);
+      return promise;
     }
 
-    var deferred = new Deferred();
 
-    function resolveFn(value) {
-      deferred.resolve(value);
-    }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $timeout#cancel
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
+     * resolved with a rejection.
+     *
+     * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+     *   canceled.
+     */
+    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (!promise) return false;
 
-    function rejectFn(reason) {
-      deferred.reject(reason);
-    }
+      if (!promise.hasOwnProperty('$$timeoutId')) {
+        throw $timeoutMinErr('badprom',
+            '`$timeout.cancel()` called with a promise that was not generated by `$timeout()`.');
+      }
 
-    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);
+      if (!deferreds.hasOwnProperty(promise.$$timeoutId)) return false;
 
-    return deferred.promise;
-  };
+      var id = promise.$$timeoutId;
+      var deferred = deferreds[id];
 
-  // Let's make the instanceof operator work for promises, so that
-  // `new $q(fn) instanceof $q` would evaluate to true.
-  $Q.prototype = Promise.prototype;
+      // Timeout cancels should not report an unhandled promise.
+      markQExceptionHandled(deferred.promise);
+      deferred.reject('canceled');
+      delete deferreds[id];
 
-  $Q.defer = defer;
-  $Q.reject = reject;
-  $Q.when = when;
-  $Q.resolve = resolve;
-  $Q.all = all;
-  $Q.race = race;
+      return $browser.defer.cancel(id);
+    };
 
-  return $Q;
+    return timeout;
+  }];
 }
 
-function $$RAFProvider() { //rAF
-  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
-    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
-                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame;
-
-    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
-                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
-                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
-
-    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
-    var raf = rafSupported
-      ? function(fn) {
-          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
-          return function() {
-            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
-          };
-        }
-      : function(fn) {
-          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
-          return function() {
-            $timeout.cancel(timer);
-          };
-        };
+// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
+// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
+// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
+// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
+// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
+// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
+// service.
+var urlParsingNode = window.document.createElement('a');
+var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href);
+var baseUrlParsingNode;
 
-    raf.supported = rafSupported;
+urlParsingNode.href = 'http://[::1]';
 
-    return raf;
-  }];
-}
+// Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 16-17 only (fixed in 18 Preview)
+// IE/Edge don't wrap IPv6 addresses' hostnames in square brackets
+// when parsed out of an anchor element.
+var ipv6InBrackets = urlParsingNode.hostname === '[::1]';
 
 /**
- * DESIGN NOTES
  *
- * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
+ * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
+ * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
+ * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
+ * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
+ * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
+ * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+ etc.  See
+ * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
  *
- * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
- * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
+ * Implementation Notes for IE
+ * ---------------------------
+ * IE <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
+ * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
+ * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
+ * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
+ * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
+ * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
  *
- * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
- *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
- *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
- *     exposed as $$____ properties
+ * References:
+ *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
+ *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+ *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
+ *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
  *
- * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
- *   - This means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
- *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
+ * @kind function
+ * @param {string|object} url The URL to be parsed. If `url` is not a string, it will be returned
+ *     unchanged.
+ * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
+ * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
  *
- * Child scopes are created and removed often
- *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in the middle are expensive; so we use linked lists
+ *   | member name   | Description                                                            |
+ *   |---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
+ *   | protocol      | The protocol without the trailing colon                                |
+ *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
+ *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
+ *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol                                 |
+ *   | hostname      | The hostname                                                           |
+ *   | port          | The port, without ":"                                                  |
+ *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"                                       |
  *
- * There are fewer watches than observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be implemented
- * in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of the initialization function which is expensive
- * to construct.
  */
+function urlResolve(url) {
+  if (!isString(url)) return url;
+
+  var href = url;
+
+  // Support: IE 9-11 only
+  if (msie) {
+    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
+    // done in two steps on IE.
+    urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+    href = urlParsingNode.href;
+  }
+
+  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
 
+  var hostname = urlParsingNode.hostname;
+
+  if (!ipv6InBrackets && hostname.indexOf(':') > -1) {
+    hostname = '[' + hostname + ']';
+  }
+
+  return {
+    href: urlParsingNode.href,
+    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+    host: urlParsingNode.host,
+    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+    hostname: hostname,
+    port: urlParsingNode.port,
+    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
+      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
+      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+  };
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $rootScopeProvider
- * @description
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application
+ * document.
  *
- * Provider for the $rootScope service.
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
  */
+function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
+  return urlsAreSameOrigin(requestUrl, originUrl);
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc method
- * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
- * @description
- *
- * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
- * assuming that the model is unstable.
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether it is same-origin as the current document base URL.
  *
- * The current default is 10 iterations.
+ * Note: The base URL is usually the same as the document location (`location.href`) but can
+ * be overriden by using the `<base>` tag.
  *
- * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
- * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
- * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
- * continuously change during the digest.
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the URL is same-origin as the document base URL.
+ */
+function urlIsSameOriginAsBaseUrl(requestUrl) {
+  return urlsAreSameOrigin(requestUrl, getBaseUrl());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a function that can check a URL's origin against a list of allowed/trusted origins.
+ * The current location's origin is implicitly trusted.
  *
- * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
- * proper justification.
+ * @param {string[]} trustedOriginUrls - A list of URLs (strings), whose origins are trusted.
  *
- * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
+ * @returns {Function} - A function that receives a URL (string or parsed URL object) and returns
+ *     whether it is of an allowed origin.
  */
+function urlIsAllowedOriginFactory(trustedOriginUrls) {
+  var parsedAllowedOriginUrls = [originUrl].concat(trustedOriginUrls.map(urlResolve));
 
+  /**
+   * Check whether the specified URL (string or parsed URL object) has an origin that is allowed
+   * based on a list of trusted-origin URLs. The current location's origin is implicitly
+   * trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} requestUrl - The URL to be checked (provided as a string that will be
+   *     resolved or a parsed URL object).
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean} - Whether the specified URL is of an allowed origin.
+   */
+  return function urlIsAllowedOrigin(requestUrl) {
+    var parsedUrl = urlResolve(requestUrl);
+    return parsedAllowedOriginUrls.some(urlsAreSameOrigin.bind(null, parsedUrl));
+  };
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $rootScope
- * @description
+ * Determine if two URLs share the same origin.
  *
- * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
- * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
- * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
- * They also provide event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
- * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
+ * @param {string|Object} url1 - First URL to compare as a string or a normalized URL in the form of
+ *     a dictionary object returned by `urlResolve()`.
+ * @param {string|object} url2 - Second URL to compare as a string or a normalized URL in the form
+ *     of a dictionary object returned by `urlResolve()`.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean} - True if both URLs have the same origin, and false otherwise.
  */
-function $RootScopeProvider() {
-  var TTL = 10;
-  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
-  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
-  var applyAsyncId = null;
+function urlsAreSameOrigin(url1, url2) {
+  url1 = urlResolve(url1);
+  url2 = urlResolve(url2);
 
-  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      TTL = value;
-    }
-    return TTL;
-  };
+  return (url1.protocol === url2.protocol &&
+          url1.host === url2.host);
+}
 
-  function createChildScopeClass(parent) {
-    function ChildScope() {
-      this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
-          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
-      this.$$listeners = {};
-      this.$$listenerCount = {};
-      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
-      this.$id = nextUid();
-      this.$$ChildScope = null;
-    }
-    ChildScope.prototype = parent;
-    return ChildScope;
+/**
+ * Returns the current document base URL.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function getBaseUrl() {
+  if (window.document.baseURI) {
+    return window.document.baseURI;
   }
 
-  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
-      function($exceptionHandler, $parse, $browser) {
+  // `document.baseURI` is available everywhere except IE
+  if (!baseUrlParsingNode) {
+    baseUrlParsingNode = window.document.createElement('a');
+    baseUrlParsingNode.href = '.';
 
-    function destroyChildScope($event) {
-        $event.currentScope.$$destroyed = true;
-    }
+    // Work-around for IE bug described in Implementation Notes. The fix in `urlResolve()` is not
+    // suitable here because we need to track changes to the base URL.
+    baseUrlParsingNode = baseUrlParsingNode.cloneNode(false);
+  }
+  return baseUrlParsingNode.href;
+}
 
-    function cleanUpScope($scope) {
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $window
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
+ * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
+ * it is a global variable. In AngularJS we always refer to it through the
+ * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
+ *
+ * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
+ * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
+ * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
+ * expression.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="windowExample" name="window-service">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('windowExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function($scope, $window) {
+             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
+             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
+               $window.alert(greeting);
+             };
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" aria-label="greeting" />
+         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
+       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
+       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
+       // element(':button').click();
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $WindowProvider() {
+  this.$get = valueFn(window);
+}
 
-      if (msie === 9) {
-        // There is a memory leak in IE9 if all child scopes are not disconnected
-        // completely when a scope is destroyed. So this code will recurse up through
-        // all this scopes children
-        //
-        // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/10706
-        $scope.$$childHead && cleanUpScope($scope.$$childHead);
-        $scope.$$nextSibling && cleanUpScope($scope.$$nextSibling);
-      }
+/**
+ * @name $$cookieReader
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is a private service for reading cookies used by $http and ngCookies
+ *
+ * @return {Object} a key/value map of the current cookies
+ */
+function $$CookieReader($document) {
+  var rawDocument = $document[0] || {};
+  var lastCookies = {};
+  var lastCookieString = '';
 
-      // The code below works around IE9 and V8's memory leaks
-      //
-      // See:
-      // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
-      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
-      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
+  function safeGetCookie(rawDocument) {
+    try {
+      return rawDocument.cookie || '';
+    } catch (e) {
+      return '';
+    }
+  }
 
-      $scope.$parent = $scope.$$nextSibling = $scope.$$prevSibling = $scope.$$childHead =
-          $scope.$$childTail = $scope.$root = $scope.$$watchers = null;
+  function safeDecodeURIComponent(str) {
+    try {
+      return decodeURIComponent(str);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return str;
     }
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc type
-     * @name $rootScope.Scope
-     *
-     * @description
-     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
-     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
-     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
-     * compiled HTML template is executed.) See also the {@link guide/scope Scopes guide} for
-     * an in-depth introduction and usage examples.
-     *
-     *
-     * # Inheritance
-     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
-     * ```js
-         var parent = $rootScope;
-         var child = parent.$new();
+  return function() {
+    var cookieArray, cookie, i, index, name;
+    var currentCookieString = safeGetCookie(rawDocument);
 
-         parent.salutation = "Hello";
-         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+    if (currentCookieString !== lastCookieString) {
+      lastCookieString = currentCookieString;
+      cookieArray = lastCookieString.split('; ');
+      lastCookies = {};
 
-         child.salutation = "Welcome";
-         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
-         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
-     * ```
-     *
-     * When interacting with `Scope` in tests, additional helper methods are available on the
-     * instances of `Scope` type. See {@link ngMock.$rootScope.Scope ngMock Scope} for additional
-     * details.
-     *
-     *
-     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
-     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
-     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
-     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
-     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
-     *                              service.
-     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
-     *
-     */
-    function Scope() {
-      this.$id = nextUid();
-      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
-                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
-                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
-      this.$root = this;
-      this.$$destroyed = false;
-      this.$$listeners = {};
-      this.$$listenerCount = {};
-      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
-      this.$$isolateBindings = null;
+      for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
+        cookie = cookieArray[i];
+        index = cookie.indexOf('=');
+        if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
+          name = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
+          // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
+          // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
+          // follow are for less specific paths.
+          if (isUndefined(lastCookies[name])) {
+            lastCookies[name] = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
+          }
+        }
+      }
     }
+    return lastCookies;
+  };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc property
-     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing) useful for debugging.
-     */
+$$CookieReader.$inject = ['$document'];
 
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc property
-      * @name $rootScope.Scope#$parent
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Reference to the parent scope.
-      */
+/** @this */
+function $$CookieReaderProvider() {
+  this.$get = $$CookieReader;
+}
 
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc property
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$root
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Reference to the root scope.
-       */
+/* global currencyFilter: true,
+ dateFilter: true,
+ filterFilter: true,
+ jsonFilter: true,
+ limitToFilter: true,
+ lowercaseFilter: true,
+ numberFilter: true,
+ orderByFilter: true,
+ uppercaseFilter: true,
+ */
 
-    Scope.prototype = {
-      constructor: Scope,
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
-       *
-       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} event.
-       * The scope can be removed from the scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
-       *
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
-       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
-       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
-       *
-       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
-       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
-       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
-       *         state.
-       *
-       * @param {Scope} [parent=this] The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `Scope`} that will be the `$parent`
-       *                              of the newly created scope. Defaults to `this` scope if not provided.
-       *                              This is used when creating a transclude scope to correctly place it
-       *                              in the scope hierarchy while maintaining the correct prototypical
-       *                              inheritance.
-       *
-       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
-       *
-       */
-      $new: function(isolate, parent) {
-        var child;
-
-        parent = parent || this;
-
-        if (isolate) {
-          child = new Scope();
-          child.$root = this.$root;
-        } else {
-          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
-          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
-          if (!this.$$ChildScope) {
-            this.$$ChildScope = createChildScopeClass(this);
-          }
-          child = new this.$$ChildScope();
-        }
-        child.$parent = parent;
-        child.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
-        if (parent.$$childHead) {
-          parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
-          parent.$$childTail = child;
-        } else {
-          parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = child;
-        }
-
-        // When the new scope is not isolated or we inherit from `this`, and
-        // the parent scope is destroyed, the property `$$destroyed` is inherited
-        // prototypically. In all other cases, this property needs to be set
-        // when the parent scope is destroyed.
-        // The listener needs to be added after the parent is set
-        if (isolate || parent != this) child.$on('$destroy', destroyChildScope);
-
-        return child;
-      },
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $filterProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
+ * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
+ * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+ * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+ * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+ * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // Filter registration
+ *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
+ *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
+ *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
+ *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // register a filter factory which uses the
+ *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
+ *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
+ *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
+ *       // to generate salutation
+ *       return function(text) {
+ *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
+ *         return text && greet(text) || text;
+ *       };
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
+ * `Filter`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
+ *     function($filterProvider) {
+ *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
+ *         return ...;
+ *       });
+ *     },
+ *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
+ *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
+ *     });
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * For more information about how AngularJS filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
+ * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the AngularJS Developer Guide.
+ */
 
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
-       *
-       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
-       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (`watchExpression` should not change
-       *   its value when executed multiple times with the same input because it may be executed multiple
-       *   times by {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()}. That is, `watchExpression` should be
-       *   [idempotent](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence).
-       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
-       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
-       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
-       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
-       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
-       *   (see next point)
-       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
-       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
-       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
-       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
-       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
-       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
-       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
-       *
-       *
-       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
-       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Be prepared for
-       * multiple calls to your `watchExpression` because it will execute multiple times in a
-       * single {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle if a change is detected.)
-       *
-       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
-       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
-       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
-       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
-       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
-       * listener was called due to initialization.
-       *
-       *
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
-           var scope = $rootScope;
-           scope.name = 'misko';
-           scope.counter = 0;
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $filter
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
+ *
+ * They can be used in view templates, controllers or services. AngularJS comes
+ * with a collection of [built-in filters](api/ng/filter), but it is easy to
+ * define your own as well.
+ *
+ * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
+ * @return {Function} the filter function
+ * @example
+   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
+        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
+       </div>
+     </file>
 
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
-           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
-             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
-           });
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+     <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('filterExample', [])
+      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
+        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
+        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+  */
+$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
+/** @this */
+function $FilterProvider($provide) {
+  var suffix = 'Filter';
 
-           scope.$digest();
-           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $filterProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
+   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
+   *
+   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *    **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+   *    Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+   *    your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+   *    (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+   *    </div>
+    * @param {Function} factory If the first argument was a string, a factory function for the filter to be registered.
+   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
+   *    of the registered filter instances.
+   */
+  function register(name, factory) {
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      var filters = {};
+      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
+        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
+      });
+      return filters;
+    } else {
+      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
+    }
+  }
+  this.register = register;
 
-           scope.$digest();
-           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+    return function(name) {
+      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
+    };
+  }];
 
-           scope.name = 'adam';
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+  ////////////////////////////////////////
 
+  /* global
+    currencyFilter: false,
+    dateFilter: false,
+    filterFilter: false,
+    jsonFilter: false,
+    limitToFilter: false,
+    lowercaseFilter: false,
+    numberFilter: false,
+    orderByFilter: false,
+    uppercaseFilter: false
+  */
 
+  register('currency', currencyFilter);
+  register('date', dateFilter);
+  register('filter', filterFilter);
+  register('json', jsonFilter);
+  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
+  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
+  register('number', numberFilter);
+  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
+  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
+}
 
-           // Using a function as a watchExpression
-           var food;
-           scope.foodCounter = 0;
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
-           scope.$watch(
-             // This function returns the value being watched. It is called for each turn of the $digest loop
-             function() { return food; },
-             // This is the change listener, called when the value returned from the above function changes
-             function(newValue, oldValue) {
-               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
-                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
-                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
-               }
-             }
-           );
-           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
-
-           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
-
-           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
-           food = 'cheeseburger';
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
-
-       * ```
-       *
-       *
-       *
-       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
-       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
-       *    a call to the `listener`.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
-       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
-       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
-       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
-       *
-       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
-       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
-       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
-       * @param {boolean=} [objectEquality=false] Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
-       *     comparing for reference equality.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
-       */
-      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression) {
-        var get = $parse(watchExp);
-
-        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
-          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, listener, objectEquality, get, watchExp);
-        }
-        var scope = this,
-            array = scope.$$watchers,
-            watcher = {
-              fn: listener,
-              last: initWatchVal,
-              get: get,
-              exp: prettyPrintExpression || watchExp,
-              eq: !!objectEquality
-            };
-
-        lastDirtyWatch = null;
-
-        if (!isFunction(listener)) {
-          watcher.fn = noop;
-        }
-
-        if (!array) {
-          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
-        }
-        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
-        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
-        array.unshift(watcher);
-        incrementWatchersCount(this, 1);
-
-        return function deregisterWatch() {
-          if (arrayRemove(array, watcher) >= 0) {
-            incrementWatchersCount(scope, -1);
-          }
-          lastDirtyWatch = null;
-        };
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
-       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
-       *
-       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via standard $watch operation and are examined on every
-       *   call to $digest() to see if any items changes.
-       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
-       *
-       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
-       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
-       *
-       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
-       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
-       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
-       *    those of `watchExpression`
-       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
-       *    those of `watchExpression`
-       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
-       */
-      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
-        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
-        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
-        var deregisterFns = [];
-        var self = this;
-        var changeReactionScheduled = false;
-        var firstRun = true;
-
-        if (!watchExpressions.length) {
-          // No expressions means we call the listener ASAP
-          var shouldCall = true;
-          self.$evalAsync(function() {
-            if (shouldCall) listener(newValues, newValues, self);
-          });
-          return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
-            shouldCall = false;
-          };
-        }
-
-        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
-          // Special case size of one
-          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
-            newValues[0] = value;
-            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
-            listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
-          });
-        }
-
-        forEach(watchExpressions, function(expr, i) {
-          var unwatchFn = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value, oldValue) {
-            newValues[i] = value;
-            oldValues[i] = oldValue;
-            if (!changeReactionScheduled) {
-              changeReactionScheduled = true;
-              self.$evalAsync(watchGroupAction);
-            }
-          });
-          deregisterFns.push(unwatchFn);
-        });
-
-        function watchGroupAction() {
-          changeReactionScheduled = false;
-
-          if (firstRun) {
-            firstRun = false;
-            listener(newValues, newValues, self);
-          } else {
-            listener(newValues, oldValues, self);
-          }
-        }
-
-        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
-          while (deregisterFns.length) {
-            deregisterFns.shift()();
-          }
-        };
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
-       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
-       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
-       *
-       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
-       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
-       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
-       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
-       *
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
-          $scope.dataCount = 4;
-
-          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
-            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
-          });
-
-          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
-          $scope.$digest();
-
-          //still at 4 ... no changes
-          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
-
-          $scope.names.pop();
-          $scope.$digest();
-
-          //now there's been a change
-          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
-       * ```
-       *
-       *
-       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
-       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
-       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
-       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
-       *
-       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
-       *    when a change is detected.
-       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
-       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
-       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
-       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
-       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
-       *
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
-       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
-       */
-      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
-        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$stateful = true;
-
-        var self = this;
-        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
-        var newValue;
-        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
-        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
-        var oldValue;
-        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
-        var veryOldValue;
-        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
-        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
-        var changeDetected = 0;
-        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
-        var internalArray = [];
-        var internalObject = {};
-        var initRun = true;
-        var oldLength = 0;
-
-        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
-          newValue = _value;
-          var newLength, key, bothNaN, newItem, oldItem;
-
-          // If the new value is undefined, then return undefined as the watch may be a one-time watch
-          if (isUndefined(newValue)) return;
-
-          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
-            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
-              oldValue = newValue;
-              changeDetected++;
-            }
-          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
-            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
-              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
-              oldValue = internalArray;
-              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
-              changeDetected++;
-            }
-
-            newLength = newValue.length;
-
-            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
-              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
-              changeDetected++;
-              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
-            }
-            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
-            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
-              oldItem = oldValue[i];
-              newItem = newValue[i];
-
-              bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
-              if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
-                changeDetected++;
-                oldValue[i] = newItem;
-              }
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
-              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
-              oldValue = internalObject = {};
-              oldLength = 0;
-              changeDetected++;
-            }
-            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
-            newLength = 0;
-            for (key in newValue) {
-              if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
-                newLength++;
-                newItem = newValue[key];
-                oldItem = oldValue[key];
-
-                if (key in oldValue) {
-                  bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
-                  if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
-                    changeDetected++;
-                    oldValue[key] = newItem;
-                  }
-                } else {
-                  oldLength++;
-                  oldValue[key] = newItem;
-                  changeDetected++;
-                }
-              }
-            }
-            if (oldLength > newLength) {
-              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
-              changeDetected++;
-              for (key in oldValue) {
-                if (!hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
-                  oldLength--;
-                  delete oldValue[key];
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          return changeDetected;
-        }
-
-        function $watchCollectionAction() {
-          if (initRun) {
-            initRun = false;
-            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
-          } else {
-            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
-          }
-
-          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
-          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
-            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
-              //primitive
-              veryOldValue = newValue;
-            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
-              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
-              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
-                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
-              }
-            } else { // if object
-              veryOldValue = {};
-              for (var key in newValue) {
-                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
-                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
-       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
-       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
-       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
-       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
-       * iterations exceeds 10.
-       *
-       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
-       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
-       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
-       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
-       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
-       *
-       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
-       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
-       *
-       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-           var scope = ...;
-           scope.name = 'misko';
-           scope.counter = 0;
-
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
-           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
-             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
-           });
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
-
-           scope.$digest();
-           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
-
-           scope.$digest();
-           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
-
-           scope.name = 'adam';
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
-       * ```
-       *
-       */
-      $digest: function() {
-        var watch, value, last, fn, get,
-            watchers,
-            length,
-            dirty, ttl = TTL,
-            next, current, target = this,
-            watchLog = [],
-            logIdx, asyncTask;
-
-        beginPhase('$digest');
-        // Check for changes to browser url that happened in sync before the call to $digest
-        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
-
-        if (this === $rootScope && applyAsyncId !== null) {
-          // If this is the root scope, and $applyAsync has scheduled a deferred $apply(), then
-          // cancel the scheduled $apply and flush the queue of expressions to be evaluated.
-          $browser.defer.cancel(applyAsyncId);
-          flushApplyAsync();
-        }
-
-        lastDirtyWatch = null;
-
-        do { // "while dirty" loop
-          dirty = false;
-          current = target;
-
-          // It's safe for asyncQueuePosition to be a local variable here because this loop can't
-          // be reentered recursively. Calling $digest from a function passed to $applyAsync would
-          // lead to a '$digest already in progress' error.
-          for (var asyncQueuePosition = 0; asyncQueuePosition < asyncQueue.length; asyncQueuePosition++) {
-            try {
-              asyncTask = asyncQueue[asyncQueuePosition];
-              asyncTask.scope.$eval(asyncTask.expression, asyncTask.locals);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-            lastDirtyWatch = null;
-          }
-          asyncQueue.length = 0;
-
-          traverseScopesLoop:
-          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
-            if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
-              // process our watches
-              length = watchers.length;
-              while (length--) {
-                try {
-                  watch = watchers[length];
-                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
-                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
-                  if (watch) {
-                    get = watch.get;
-                    if ((value = get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
-                        !(watch.eq
-                            ? equals(value, last)
-                            : (typeof value === 'number' && typeof last === 'number'
-                               && isNaN(value) && isNaN(last)))) {
-                      dirty = true;
-                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
-                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
-                      fn = watch.fn;
-                      fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
-                      if (ttl < 5) {
-                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
-                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
-                        watchLog[logIdx].push({
-                          msg: isFunction(watch.exp) ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()) : watch.exp,
-                          newVal: value,
-                          oldVal: last
-                        });
-                      }
-                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
-                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
-                      // have already been tested.
-                      dirty = false;
-                      break traverseScopesLoop;
-                    }
-                  }
-                } catch (e) {
-                  $exceptionHandler(e);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-
-            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
-            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
-            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
-            if (!(next = ((current.$$watchersCount && current.$$childHead) ||
-                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
-              while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
-                current = current.$parent;
-              }
-            }
-          } while ((current = next));
-
-          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
-
-          if ((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
-            clearPhase();
-            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
-                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
-                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
-                TTL, watchLog);
-          }
-
-        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
-
-        clearPhase();
-
-        // postDigestQueuePosition isn't local here because this loop can be reentered recursively.
-        while (postDigestQueuePosition < postDigestQueue.length) {
-          try {
-            postDigestQueue[postDigestQueuePosition++]();
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e);
-          }
-        }
-        postDigestQueue.length = postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc event
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
-       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
-       *
-       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
-       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
-       */
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
-       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
-       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
-       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
-       *
-       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
-       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
-       * unrolling of the loop.
-       *
-       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
-       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
-       * perform any necessary cleanup.
-       *
-       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
-       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
-       */
-      $destroy: function() {
-        // We can't destroy a scope that has been already destroyed.
-        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
-        var parent = this.$parent;
-
-        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
-        this.$$destroyed = true;
-
-        if (this === $rootScope) {
-          //Remove handlers attached to window when $rootScope is removed
-          $browser.$$applicationDestroyed();
-        }
-
-        incrementWatchersCount(this, -this.$$watchersCount);
-        for (var eventName in this.$$listenerCount) {
-          decrementListenerCount(this, this.$$listenerCount[eventName], eventName);
-        }
-
-        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
-        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
-        if (parent && parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
-        if (parent && parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
-        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
-        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
-
-        // Disable listeners, watchers and apply/digest methods
-        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = this.$evalAsync = this.$applyAsync = noop;
-        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
-        this.$$listeners = {};
-
-        // Disconnect the next sibling to prevent `cleanUpScope` destroying those too
-        this.$$nextSibling = null;
-        cleanUpScope(this);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
-       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating Angular
-       * expressions.
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
-           scope.a = 1;
-           scope.b = 2;
-
-           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
-           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
-       * ```
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
-       *
-       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
-       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
-       */
-      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
-        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
-       *
-       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
-       * that:
-       *
-       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
-       *     rendering).
-       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
-       *     `expression` execution.
-       *
-       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
-       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       *
-       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
-       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
-       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
-       *
-       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
-       */
-      $evalAsync: function(expr, locals) {
-        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
-        // task also schedule async auto-flush
-        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !asyncQueue.length) {
-          $browser.defer(function() {
-            if (asyncQueue.length) {
-              $rootScope.$digest();
-            }
-          });
-        }
-
-        asyncQueue.push({scope: this, expression: $parse(expr), locals: locals});
-      },
-
-      $$postDigest: function(fn) {
-        postDigestQueue.push(fn);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular
-       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
-       * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life
-       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
-       *
-       * ## Life cycle
-       *
-       * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
-       * ```js
-           function $apply(expr) {
-             try {
-               return $eval(expr);
-             } catch (e) {
-               $exceptionHandler(e);
-             } finally {
-               $root.$digest();
-             }
-           }
-       * ```
-       *
-       *
-       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
-       *
-       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
-       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
-       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
-       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
-       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
-       *
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
-       *
-       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
-       */
-      $apply: function(expr) {
-        try {
-          beginPhase('$apply');
-          try {
-            return this.$eval(expr);
-          } finally {
-            clearPhase();
-          }
-        } catch (e) {
-          $exceptionHandler(e);
-        } finally {
-          try {
-            $rootScope.$digest();
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e);
-            throw e;
-          }
-        }
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Schedule the invocation of $apply to occur at a later time. The actual time difference
-       * varies across browsers, but is typically around ~10 milliseconds.
-       *
-       * This can be used to queue up multiple expressions which need to be evaluated in the same
-       * digest.
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
-       */
-      $applyAsync: function(expr) {
-        var scope = this;
-        expr && applyAsyncQueue.push($applyAsyncExpression);
-        expr = $parse(expr);
-        scheduleApplyAsync();
-
-        function $applyAsyncExpression() {
-          scope.$eval(expr);
-        }
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
-       * discussion of event life cycle.
-       *
-       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
-       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
-       *
-       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
-       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
-       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
-       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
-       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
-       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
-       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
-       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
-       *     to true.
-       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
-       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
-       */
-      $on: function(name, listener) {
-        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
-        if (!namedListeners) {
-          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
-        }
-        namedListeners.push(listener);
-
-        var current = this;
-        do {
-          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
-            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
-          }
-          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
-        } while ((current = current.$parent));
-
-        var self = this;
-        return function() {
-          var indexOfListener = namedListeners.indexOf(listener);
-          if (indexOfListener !== -1) {
-            namedListeners[indexOfListener] = null;
-            decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
-          }
-        };
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
-       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
-       *
-       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
-       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
-       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
-       * cancels it.
-       *
-       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
-       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
-       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
-       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
-       */
-      $emit: function(name, args) {
-        var empty = [],
-            namedListeners,
-            scope = this,
-            stopPropagation = false,
-            event = {
-              name: name,
-              targetScope: scope,
-              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
-              preventDefault: function() {
-                event.defaultPrevented = true;
-              },
-              defaultPrevented: false
-            },
-            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
-            i, length;
-
-        do {
-          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
-          event.currentScope = scope;
-          for (i = 0, length = namedListeners.length; i < length; i++) {
-
-            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
-            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
-              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
-              i--;
-              length--;
-              continue;
-            }
-            try {
-              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
-              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
-          if (stopPropagation) {
-            event.currentScope = null;
-            return event;
-          }
-          //traverse upwards
-          scope = scope.$parent;
-        } while (scope);
-
-        event.currentScope = null;
-
-        return event;
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
-       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
-       *
-       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
-       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
-       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
-       *
-       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
-       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
-       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
-       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
-       */
-      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
-        var target = this,
-            current = target,
-            next = target,
-            event = {
-              name: name,
-              targetScope: target,
-              preventDefault: function() {
-                event.defaultPrevented = true;
-              },
-              defaultPrevented: false
-            };
-
-        if (!target.$$listenerCount[name]) return event;
-
-        var listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
-            listeners, i, length;
-
-        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
-        while ((current = next)) {
-          event.currentScope = current;
-          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
-          for (i = 0, length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {
-            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
-            if (!listeners[i]) {
-              listeners.splice(i, 1);
-              i--;
-              length--;
-              continue;
-            }
-
-            try {
-              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-
-          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
-          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
-          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
-          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount)
-          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
-              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
-            while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
-              current = current.$parent;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        event.currentScope = null;
-        return event;
-      }
-    };
-
-    var $rootScope = new Scope();
-
-    //The internal queues. Expose them on the $rootScope for debugging/testing purposes.
-    var asyncQueue = $rootScope.$$asyncQueue = [];
-    var postDigestQueue = $rootScope.$$postDigestQueue = [];
-    var applyAsyncQueue = $rootScope.$$applyAsyncQueue = [];
-
-    var postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
-
-    return $rootScope;
-
-
-    function beginPhase(phase) {
-      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
-      }
-
-      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
-    }
-
-    function clearPhase() {
-      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
-    }
-
-    function incrementWatchersCount(current, count) {
-      do {
-        current.$$watchersCount += count;
-      } while ((current = current.$parent));
-    }
-
-    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
-      do {
-        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;
-
-        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
-          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
-        }
-      } while ((current = current.$parent));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
-     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
-     */
-    function initWatchVal() {}
-
-    function flushApplyAsync() {
-      while (applyAsyncQueue.length) {
-        try {
-          applyAsyncQueue.shift()();
-        } catch (e) {
-          $exceptionHandler(e);
-        }
-      }
-      applyAsyncId = null;
-    }
-
-    function scheduleApplyAsync() {
-      if (applyAsyncId === null) {
-        applyAsyncId = $browser.defer(function() {
-          $rootScope.$apply(flushApplyAsync);
-        });
-      }
-    }
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $rootElement
- *
- * @description
- * The root element of Angular application. This is either the element where {@link
- * ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} was declared or the element passed into
- * {@link angular.bootstrap}. The element represents the root element of application. It is also the
- * location where the application's {@link auto.$injector $injector} service gets
- * published, and can be retrieved using `$rootElement.injector()`.
- */
-
-
-// the implementation is in angular.bootstrap
-
-/**
- * @description
- * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
- */
-function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
-  var aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
-    imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*((https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\/)/;
-
-  /**
-   * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
-   *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
-   *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
-   *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
-   */
-  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
-  };
-
-
-  /**
-   * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
-   *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
-   *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
-   *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
-   */
-  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist;
-  };
-
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isImage) {
-      var regex = isImage ? imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist : aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
-      var normalizedVal;
-      normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri).href;
-      if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
-        return 'unsafe:' + normalizedVal;
-      }
-      return uri;
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
- *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
- *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
- *                         this file is required.                          *
- *                                                                         *
- *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
- *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
- *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
-
-var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
-  HTML: 'html',
-  CSS: 'css',
-  URL: 'url',
-  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used in contexts where a privileged resource is sourced from a
-  // url.  (e.g. ng-include, script src, templateUrl)
-  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
-  JS: 'js'
-};
-
-// Helper functions follow.
-
-function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
-  if (matcher === 'self') {
-    return matcher;
-  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
-    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
-    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
-    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
-    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
-    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
-      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
-          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
-    }
-    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
-                  replace('\\*\\*', '.*').
-                  replace('\\*', '[^:/.?&;]*');
-    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
-  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
-    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
-    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
-    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
-    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
-  } else {
-    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
-        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
-  }
-}
-
-
-function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
-  var adjustedMatchers = [];
-  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
-    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
-      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
-    });
-  }
-  return adjustedMatchers;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $sceDelegate
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *
- * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
- * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
- *
- * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
- * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
- * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
- * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
- * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
- *
- * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
- *
- * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
- * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
- * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
- * your own whitelists and blacklists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources such as
- * templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
- * $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $sceDelegateProvider
- * @description
- *
- * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
- * $sceDelegate} service.  This allows one to get/set the whitelists and blacklists used to ensure
- * that the URLs used for sourcing Angular templates are safe.  Refer {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and
- * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
- *
- * For the general details about this service in Angular, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
- * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- *
- * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
- *
- * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
- * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
- *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`,  `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
- * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
- *
- * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
- *
- * ```
- *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
- *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
- *      'self',
- *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
- *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
- *    ]);
- *
- *    // The blacklist overrides the whitelist so the open redirect here is blocked.
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist([
- *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
- *    ]);
- *  });
- * ```
- */
-
-function $SceDelegateProvider() {
-  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
-
-  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
-  var resourceUrlWhitelist = ['self'],
-      resourceUrlBlacklist = [];
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @param {Array=} whitelist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlWhitelist with the value
-   *    provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
-   *    changes to the array are ignored.
-   *
-   *    Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
-   *    allowed in this array.
-   *
-   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   *    **Note:** an empty whitelist array will block all URLs!
-   *    </div>
-   *
-   * @return {Array} the currently set whitelist array.
-   *
-   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is `['self']` allowing only
-   * same origin resource requests.
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets/Gets the whitelist of trusted resource URLs.
-   */
-  this.resourceUrlWhitelist = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      resourceUrlWhitelist = adjustMatchers(value);
-    }
-    return resourceUrlWhitelist;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @param {Array=} blacklist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlBlacklist with the value
-   *    provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
-   *    changes to the array are ignored.
-   *
-   *    Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
-   *    allowed in this array.
-   *
-   *    The typical usage for the blacklist is to **block
-   *    [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
-   *    these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
-   *
-   *    Finally, **the blacklist overrides the whitelist** and has the final say.
-   *
-   * @return {Array} the currently set blacklist array.
-   *
-   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is the empty array (i.e. there
-   * is no blacklist.)
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets/Gets the blacklist of trusted resource URLs.
-   */
-
-  this.resourceUrlBlacklist = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      resourceUrlBlacklist = adjustMatchers(value);
-    }
-    return resourceUrlBlacklist;
-  };
-
-  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
-
-    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
-      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
-    };
-
-    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
-      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
-    }
-
-
-    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
-      if (matcher === 'self') {
-        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl);
-      } else {
-        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
-        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
-      }
-    }
-
-    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
-      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
-      var i, n, allowed = false;
-      // Ensure that at least one item from the whitelist allows this url.
-      for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlWhitelist.length; i < n; i++) {
-        if (matchUrl(resourceUrlWhitelist[i], parsedUrl)) {
-          allowed = true;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if (allowed) {
-        // Ensure that no item from the blacklist blocked this url.
-        for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlBlacklist.length; i < n; i++) {
-          if (matchUrl(resourceUrlBlacklist[i], parsedUrl)) {
-            allowed = false;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return allowed;
-    }
-
-    function generateHolderType(Base) {
-      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
-        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
-          return trustedValue;
-        };
-      };
-      if (Base) {
-        holderType.prototype = new Base();
-      }
-      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
-        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
-      };
-      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
-        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
-      };
-      return holderType;
-    }
-
-    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
-        byType = {};
-
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict
-     * contextual escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src
-     * attribute interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation
-     * such as for onclick,  etc.) that uses the provided value.
-     * See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual escaping.
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
-     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
-     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
-     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
-     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
-     */
-    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
-      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
-      if (!Constructor) {
-        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
-            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
-            type, trustedValue);
-      }
-      if (trustedValue === null || isUndefined(trustedValue) || trustedValue === '') {
-        return trustedValue;
-      }
-      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
-      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
-      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
-        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
-            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
-            type);
-      }
-      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
-     *
-     * @description
-     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
-     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
-     *
-     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
-     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns it as-is.
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
-     *      call or anything else.
-     * @returns {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
-     *     `value` unchanged.
-     */
-    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
-      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
-        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
-      } else {
-        return maybeTrusted;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Takes the result of a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call and
-     * returns the originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the
-     * created type.  If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
-     *
-     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
-     * Disabling auto-escaping is extremely dangerous, it usually creates a Cross Site Scripting
-     * (XSS) vulnerability in your application.
-     * </div>
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
-     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call.
-     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if valid in this context.  Otherwise, throws an exception.
-     */
-    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
-      if (maybeTrusted === null || isUndefined(maybeTrusted) || maybeTrusted === '') {
-        return maybeTrusted;
-      }
-      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
-      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
-        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
-      }
-      // If we get here, then we may only take one of two actions.
-      // 1. sanitize the value for the requested type, or
-      // 2. throw an exception.
-      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
-        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
-          return maybeTrusted;
-        } else {
-          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
-              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
-              maybeTrusted.toString());
-        }
-      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
-        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
-      }
-      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
-    }
-
-    return { trustAs: trustAs,
-             getTrusted: getTrusted,
-             valueOf: valueOf };
-  }];
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $sceProvider
- * @description
- *
- * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
- * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
- * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
- *
- * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- */
-
-/* jshint maxlen: false*/
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $sce
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *
- * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
- *
- * # Strict Contextual Escaping
- *
- * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS requires bindings in certain
- * contexts to result in a value that is marked as safe to use for that context.  One example of
- * such a context is binding arbitrary html controlled by the user via `ng-bind-html`.  We refer
- * to these contexts as privileged or SCE contexts.
- *
- * As of version 1.2, Angular ships with SCE enabled by default.
- *
- * Note:  When enabled (the default), IE<11 in quirks mode is not supported.  In this mode, IE<11 allow
- * one to execute arbitrary javascript by the use of the expression() syntax.  Refer
- * <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/10/16/ending-expressions.aspx> to learn more about them.
- * You can ensure your document is in standards mode and not quirks mode by adding `<!doctype html>`
- * to the top of your HTML document.
- *
- * SCE assists in writing code in a way that (a) is secure by default and (b) makes auditing for
- * security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
- *
- * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
- *
- * ```
- * <input ng-model="userHtml" aria-label="User input">
- * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
- * ```
- *
- * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
- * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV.
- * In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog articles, etc. via
- * bindings.  (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user controlled input creates
- * security vulnerabilities.)
- *
- * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
- * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
- *
- * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
- * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
- * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
- * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
- *
- * To be secure by default, you want to ensure that any such bindings are disallowed unless you can
- * determine that something explicitly says it's safe to use a value for binding in that
- * context.  You can then audit your code (a simple grep would do) to ensure that this is only done
- * for those values that you can easily tell are safe - because they were received from your server,
- * sanitized by your library, etc.  You can organize your codebase to help with this - perhaps
- * allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.  Ensuring that the internal API
- * exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then becomes a more manageable task.
- *
- * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
- * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
- * obtain values that will be accepted by SCE / privileged contexts.
- *
- *
- * ## How does it work?
- *
- * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
- * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Directives use {@link
- * ng.$sce#parseAs $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs the
- * {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals.
- *
- * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
- * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
- * simplified):
- *
- * ```
- * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
- *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
- *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
- *       element.html(value || '');
- *     });
- *   };
- * }];
- * ```
- *
- * ## Impact on loading templates
- *
- * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
- * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
- *
- * By default, Angular only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
- * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
- * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
- * protocols, you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist
- * them} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap it} into a trusted value.
- *
- * *Please note*:
- * The browser's
- * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
- * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
- * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
- * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
- * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
- * browsers.
- *
- * ## This feels like too much overhead
- *
- * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
- *
- * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
- * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (remember to include the `ngSanitize` module) (e.g.
- * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works.
- *
- * Additionally, `a[href]` and `img[src]` automatically sanitize their URLs and do not pass them
- * through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted}.  SCE doesn't play a role here.
- *
- * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
- * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
- * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
- * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelists} and {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist blacklists} for matching such URLs.
- *
- * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
- * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
- * security onto an application later.
- *
- * <a name="contexts"></a>
- * ## What trusted context types are supported?
- *
- * | Context             | Notes          |
- * |---------------------|----------------|
- * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
- * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
- * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links.  Currently unused (`<a href=` and `<img src=` sanitize their urls and don't constitute an SCE context. |
- * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` are required. |
- * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
- *
- * ## Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist resourceUrlWhitelist}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist Blacklist} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
- *
- *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
- *
- *  - **'self'**
- *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
- *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
- *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
- *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
- *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
- *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
- *      match themselves.
- *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
- *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and '`;`'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
- *      in a whitelist.
- *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
- *      appropriate for use in a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
- *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
- *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
- *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
- *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
- *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
- *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
- *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
- *      have good test coverage).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
- *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
- *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
- *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
- *      as a last resort.
- *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
- *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
- *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
- *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
- *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
- *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
- *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
- *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
- *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
- *      enough before coding your own.  E.g. Ruby has
- *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
- *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
- *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
- *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
- *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
- *
- * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
- *
- * ## Show me an example using SCE.
- *
- * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
- * <file name="index.html">
- *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
- *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
- *     <b>User comments</b><br>
- *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
- *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
- *     exploit.
- *     <div class="well">
- *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
- *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
- *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
- *         <br>
- *       </div>
- *     </div>
- *   </div>
- * </file>
- *
- * <file name="script.js">
- *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
- *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
- *       function($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
- *         var self = this;
- *         $http.get("test_data.json", {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(userComments) {
- *           self.userComments = userComments;
- *         });
- *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
- *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
- *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
- *       }]);
- * </file>
- *
- * <file name="test_data.json">
- * [
- *   { "name": "Alice",
- *     "htmlComment":
- *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
- *   },
- *   { "name": "Bob",
- *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
- *   }
- * ]
- * </file>
- *
- * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
- *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
- *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getInnerHtml())
- *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
- *     });
- *
- *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
- *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
- *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
- *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
- *     });
- *   });
- * </file>
- * </example>
- *
- *
- *
- * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
- *
- * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
- * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
- * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
- * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
- * you're migrating them a module at a time.
- *
- * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
- *
- * ```
- * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
- *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
- *   // Do not use in new projects.
- *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
- * });
- * ```
- *
- */
-/* jshint maxlen: 100 */
-
-function $SceProvider() {
-  var enabled = true;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE.
-   * @return {boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
-   */
-  this.enabled = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      enabled = !!value;
-    }
-    return enabled;
-  };
-
-
-  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
-   *
-   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
-   * -------------------------------------
-   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
-   *
-   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
-   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
-   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
-   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
-   *
-   * - valueOf(value)
-   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
-   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
-   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
-   *     such a value.
-   *
-   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
-   *     This function should return the a value that is safe to use in the context specified by
-   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
-   *
-   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
-   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
-   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
-   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
-   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
-   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
-   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
-   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
-   *
-   *
-   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
-   * ------------------------------------------------
-   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
-   * is purely an implementation details.
-   *
-   * The contract is simply this:
-   *
-   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
-   *     will also succeed.
-   *
-   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way.  In some future, we
-   * may not use inheritance anymore.  That is OK because no code outside of
-   * sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to be aware of this detail.
-   */
-
-  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sceDelegate', function(
-                $parse,   $sceDelegate) {
-    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE<11 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE < 11 allow
-    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
-    if (enabled && msie < 8) {
-      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
-        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks ' +
-        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
-        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
-    }
-
-    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#isEnabled
-     * @kind function
-     *
-     * @return {Boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
-     * have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
-     */
-    sce.isEnabled = function() {
-      return enabled;
-    };
-    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
-    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
-    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
-
-    if (!enabled) {
-      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
-      sce.valueOf = identity;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
-     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
-     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
-     * *result*)}
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of SCE context in which this result will be used.
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
-      var parsed = $parse(expr);
-      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
-        return parsed;
-      } else {
-        return $parse(expr, function(value) {
-          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
-        });
-      }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.  As such,
-     * returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict contextual
-     * escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src attribute
-     * interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation such as for onclick,  etc.)
-     * that uses the provided value.  See * {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual
-     * escaping.
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
-     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
-     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
-     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
-     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedHtml
-     *     $sce.getTrustedHtml(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
-     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedUrl
-     *     $sce.getTrustedUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
-     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
-     *     $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the return
-     *     value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedJs
-     *     $sce.getTrustedJs(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
-     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrusted
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
-     * takes the result of a {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}() call and returns the
-     * originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the created type.
-     * If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
-     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}
-     *                         call.
-     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to
-     *              {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`} if valid in this context.
-     *              Otherwise, throws an exception.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    // Shorthand delegations.
-    var parse = sce.parseAs,
-        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
-        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
-
-    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function(enumValue, name) {
-      var lName = lowercase(name);
-      sce[camelCase("parse_as_" + lName)] = function(expr) {
-        return parse(enumValue, expr);
-      };
-      sce[camelCase("get_trusted_" + lName)] = function(value) {
-        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
-      };
-      sce[camelCase("trust_as_" + lName)] = function(value) {
-        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
-      };
-    });
-
-    return sce;
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
- *
- * @name $sniffer
- * @requires $window
- * @requires $document
- *
- * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
- * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
- * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
- *
- * @description
- * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
- */
-function $SnifferProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
-    var eventSupport = {},
-        // Chrome Packaged Apps are not allowed to access `history.pushState`. They can be detected by
-        // the presence of `chrome.app.runtime` (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/api_index)
-        isChromePackagedApp = $window.chrome && $window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.app.runtime,
-        hasHistoryPushState = !isChromePackagedApp && $window.history && $window.history.pushState,
-        android =
-          toInt((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
-        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
-        document = $document[0] || {},
-        vendorPrefix,
-        vendorRegex = /^(Moz|webkit|ms)(?=[A-Z])/,
-        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
-        transitions = false,
-        animations = false,
-        match;
-
-    if (bodyStyle) {
-      for (var prop in bodyStyle) {
-        if (match = vendorRegex.exec(prop)) {
-          vendorPrefix = match[0];
-          vendorPrefix = vendorPrefix[0].toUpperCase() + vendorPrefix.substr(1);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (!vendorPrefix) {
-        vendorPrefix = ('WebkitOpacity' in bodyStyle) && 'webkit';
-      }
-
-      transitions = !!(('transition' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Transition' in bodyStyle));
-      animations  = !!(('animation' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Animation' in bodyStyle));
-
-      if (android && (!transitions ||  !animations)) {
-        transitions = isString(bodyStyle.webkitTransition);
-        animations = isString(bodyStyle.webkitAnimation);
-      }
-    }
-
-
-    return {
-      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
-      // so let's not use the history API at all.
-      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
-      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
-
-      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
-      // so let's not use the history API also
-      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
-      // jshint -W018
-      history: !!(hasHistoryPushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
-      // jshint +W018
-      hasEvent: function(event) {
-        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
-        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
-        // when cut operation is performed.
-        // IE10+ implements 'input' event but it erroneously fires under various situations,
-        // e.g. when placeholder changes, or a form is focused.
-        if (event === 'input' && msie <= 11) return false;
-
-        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
-          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
-          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
-        }
-
-        return eventSupport[event];
-      },
-      csp: csp(),
-      vendorPrefix: vendorPrefix,
-      transitions: transitions,
-      animations: animations,
-      android: android
-    };
-  }];
-}
-
-var $templateRequestMinErr = minErr('$compile');
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $templateRequestProvider
- * @description
- * Used to configure the options passed to the {@link $http} service when making a template request.
- *
- * For example, it can be used for specifying the "Accept" header that is sent to the server, when
- * requesting a template.
- */
-function $TemplateRequestProvider() {
-
-  var httpOptions;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions
-   * @description
-   * The options to be passed to the {@link $http} service when making the request.
-   * You can use this to override options such as the "Accept" header for template requests.
-   *
-   * The {@link $templateRequest} will set the `cache` and the `transformResponse` properties of the
-   * options if not overridden here.
-   *
-   * @param {string=} value new value for the {@link $http} options.
-   * @returns {string|self} Returns the {@link $http} options when used as getter and self if used as setter.
-   */
-  this.httpOptions = function(val) {
-    if (val) {
-      httpOptions = val;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return httpOptions;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc service
-   * @name $templateRequest
-   *
-   * @description
-   * The `$templateRequest` service runs security checks then downloads the provided template using
-   * `$http` and, upon success, stores the contents inside of `$templateCache`. If the HTTP request
-   * fails or the response data of the HTTP request is empty, a `$compile` error will be thrown (the
-   * exception can be thwarted by setting the 2nd parameter of the function to true). Note that the
-   * contents of `$templateCache` are trusted, so the call to `$sce.getTrustedUrl(tpl)` is omitted
-   * when `tpl` is of type string and `$templateCache` has the matching entry.
-   *
-   * If you want to pass custom options to the `$http` service, such as setting the Accept header you
-   * can configure this via {@link $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions}.
-   *
-   * @param {string|TrustedResourceUrl} tpl The HTTP request template URL
-   * @param {boolean=} ignoreRequestError Whether or not to ignore the exception when the request fails or the template is empty
-   *
-   * @return {Promise} a promise for the HTTP response data of the given URL.
-   *
-   * @property {number} totalPendingRequests total amount of pending template requests being downloaded.
-   */
-  this.$get = ['$templateCache', '$http', '$q', '$sce', function($templateCache, $http, $q, $sce) {
-
-    function handleRequestFn(tpl, ignoreRequestError) {
-      handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests++;
-
-      // We consider the template cache holds only trusted templates, so
-      // there's no need to go through whitelisting again for keys that already
-      // are included in there. This also makes Angular accept any script
-      // directive, no matter its name. However, we still need to unwrap trusted
-      // types.
-      if (!isString(tpl) || isUndefined($templateCache.get(tpl))) {
-        tpl = $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(tpl);
-      }
-
-      var transformResponse = $http.defaults && $http.defaults.transformResponse;
-
-      if (isArray(transformResponse)) {
-        transformResponse = transformResponse.filter(function(transformer) {
-          return transformer !== defaultHttpResponseTransform;
-        });
-      } else if (transformResponse === defaultHttpResponseTransform) {
-        transformResponse = null;
-      }
-
-      return $http.get(tpl, extend({
-          cache: $templateCache,
-          transformResponse: transformResponse
-        }, httpOptions))
-        ['finally'](function() {
-          handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests--;
-        })
-        .then(function(response) {
-          $templateCache.put(tpl, response.data);
-          return response.data;
-        }, handleError);
-
-      function handleError(resp) {
-        if (!ignoreRequestError) {
-          throw $templateRequestMinErr('tpload', 'Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})',
-            tpl, resp.status, resp.statusText);
-        }
-        return $q.reject(resp);
-      }
-    }
-
-    handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests = 0;
-
-    return handleRequestFn;
-  }];
-}
-
-function $$TestabilityProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$location',
-       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $location) {
-
-    /**
-     * @name $testability
-     *
-     * @description
-     * The private $$testability service provides a collection of methods for use when debugging
-     * or by automated test and debugging tools.
-     */
-    var testability = {};
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#findBindings
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns an array of elements that are bound (via ng-bind or {{}})
-     * to expressions matching the input.
-     *
-     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
-     * @param {string} expression The binding expression to match.
-     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
-     *     for the expression. Filters and whitespace are ignored.
-     */
-    testability.findBindings = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
-      var bindings = element.getElementsByClassName('ng-binding');
-      var matches = [];
-      forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
-        var dataBinding = angular.element(binding).data('$binding');
-        if (dataBinding) {
-          forEach(dataBinding, function(bindingName) {
-            if (opt_exactMatch) {
-              var matcher = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeForRegexp(expression) + '(\\s|\\||$)');
-              if (matcher.test(bindingName)) {
-                matches.push(binding);
-              }
-            } else {
-              if (bindingName.indexOf(expression) != -1) {
-                matches.push(binding);
-              }
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      });
-      return matches;
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#findModels
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns an array of elements that are two-way found via ng-model to
-     * expressions matching the input.
-     *
-     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
-     * @param {string} expression The model expression to match.
-     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
-     *     for the expression.
-     */
-    testability.findModels = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
-      var prefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng\\:'];
-      for (var p = 0; p < prefixes.length; ++p) {
-        var attributeEquals = opt_exactMatch ? '=' : '*=';
-        var selector = '[' + prefixes[p] + 'model' + attributeEquals + '"' + expression + '"]';
-        var elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
-        if (elements.length) {
-          return elements;
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#getLocation
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut for getting the location in a browser agnostic way. Returns
-     *     the path, search, and hash. (e.g. /path?a=b#hash)
-     */
-    testability.getLocation = function() {
-      return $location.url();
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#setLocation
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut for navigating to a location without doing a full page reload.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url The location url (path, search and hash,
-     *     e.g. /path?a=b#hash) to go to.
-     */
-    testability.setLocation = function(url) {
-      if (url !== $location.url()) {
-        $location.url(url);
-        $rootScope.$digest();
-      }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#whenStable
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Calls the callback when $timeout and $http requests are completed.
-     *
-     * @param {function} callback
-     */
-    testability.whenStable = function(callback) {
-      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(callback);
-    };
-
-    return testability;
-  }];
-}
-
-function $TimeoutProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
-       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
-
-    var deferreds = {};
-
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc service
-      * @name $timeout
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
-      * block and delegates any exceptions to
-      * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-      *
-      * The return value of calling `$timeout` is a promise, which will be resolved when
-      * the delay has passed and the timeout function, if provided, is executed.
-      *
-      * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
-      *
-      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
-      * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
-      *
-      * If you only want a promise that will be resolved after some specified delay
-      * then you can call `$timeout` without the `fn` function.
-      *
-      * @param {function()=} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
-      * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
-      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
-      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
-      * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
-      * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The promise
-      *   will be resolved with the return value of the `fn` function.
-      *
-      */
-    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
-      if (!isFunction(fn)) {
-        invokeApply = delay;
-        delay = fn;
-        fn = noop;
-      }
-
-      var args = sliceArgs(arguments, 3),
-          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
-          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise,
-          timeoutId;
-
-      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
-        try {
-          deferred.resolve(fn.apply(null, args));
-        } catch (e) {
-          deferred.reject(e);
-          $exceptionHandler(e);
-        }
-        finally {
-          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
-        }
-
-        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
-      }, delay);
-
-      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
-      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
-
-      return promise;
-    }
-
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc method
-      * @name $timeout#cancel
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
-      * resolved with a rejection.
-      *
-      * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
-      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
-      *   canceled.
-      */
-    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
-      if (promise && promise.$$timeoutId in deferreds) {
-        deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId].reject('canceled');
-        delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
-        return $browser.defer.cancel(promise.$$timeoutId);
-      }
-      return false;
-    };
-
-    return timeout;
-  }];
-}
-
-// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
-// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
-// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
-// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
-// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
-// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
-// service.
-var urlParsingNode = window.document.createElement("a");
-var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href);
-
-
-/**
- *
- * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
- * ----------------------------------------
- * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
- * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
- * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
- * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
- * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
- * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+, Opera 7+,e etc.  See
- * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
- *
- * Implementation Notes for IE
- * ---------------------------
- * IE <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
- * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
- * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
- * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
- * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
- * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
- *
- * References:
- *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
- *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
- *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
- *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
- *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
- *
- * @kind function
- * @param {string} url The URL to be parsed.
- * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
- * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
- *
- *   | member name   | Description    |
- *   |---------------|----------------|
- *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
- *   | protocol      | The protocol including the trailing colon                              |
- *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
- *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
- *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol
- *   | hostname      | The hostname
- *   | port          | The port, without ":"
- *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"
- *
- */
-function urlResolve(url) {
-  var href = url;
-
-  if (msie) {
-    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
-    // done in two steps on IE.
-    urlParsingNode.setAttribute("href", href);
-    href = urlParsingNode.href;
-  }
-
-  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
-
-  // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
-  return {
-    href: urlParsingNode.href,
-    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
-    host: urlParsingNode.host,
-    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
-    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
-    hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
-    port: urlParsingNode.port,
-    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
-      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
-      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application document.
- *
- * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
- * or a parsed URL object.
- * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
- */
-function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
-  var parsed = (isString(requestUrl)) ? urlResolve(requestUrl) : requestUrl;
-  return (parsed.protocol === originUrl.protocol &&
-          parsed.host === originUrl.host);
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $window
- *
- * @description
- * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
- * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
- * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
- * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
- *
- * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
- * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
- * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
- * expression.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="windowExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('windowExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function($scope, $window) {
-             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
-             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
-               $window.alert(greeting);
-             };
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" aria-label="greeting" />
-         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
-       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
-       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
-       // element(':button').click();
-      });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-function $WindowProvider() {
-  this.$get = valueFn(window);
-}
-
-/**
- * @name $$cookieReader
- * @requires $document
- *
- * @description
- * This is a private service for reading cookies used by $http and ngCookies
- *
- * @return {Object} a key/value map of the current cookies
- */
-function $$CookieReader($document) {
-  var rawDocument = $document[0] || {};
-  var lastCookies = {};
-  var lastCookieString = '';
-
-  function safeDecodeURIComponent(str) {
-    try {
-      return decodeURIComponent(str);
-    } catch (e) {
-      return str;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return function() {
-    var cookieArray, cookie, i, index, name;
-    var currentCookieString = rawDocument.cookie || '';
-
-    if (currentCookieString !== lastCookieString) {
-      lastCookieString = currentCookieString;
-      cookieArray = lastCookieString.split('; ');
-      lastCookies = {};
-
-      for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
-        cookie = cookieArray[i];
-        index = cookie.indexOf('=');
-        if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
-          name = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
-          // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
-          // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
-          // follow are for less specific paths.
-          if (isUndefined(lastCookies[name])) {
-            lastCookies[name] = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return lastCookies;
-  };
-}
-
-$$CookieReader.$inject = ['$document'];
-
-function $$CookieReaderProvider() {
-  this.$get = $$CookieReader;
-}
-
-/* global currencyFilter: true,
- dateFilter: true,
- filterFilter: true,
- jsonFilter: true,
- limitToFilter: true,
- lowercaseFilter: true,
- numberFilter: true,
- orderByFilter: true,
- uppercaseFilter: true,
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $filterProvider
- * @description
- *
- * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
- * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
- * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
- * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
- * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
- * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
- * </div>
- *
- * ```js
- *   // Filter registration
- *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
- *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
- *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
- *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
- *     });
- *
- *     // register a filter factory which uses the
- *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
- *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
- *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
- *       // to generate salutation
- *       return function(text) {
- *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
- *         return text && greet(text) || text;
- *       };
- *     });
- *   }
- * ```
- *
- * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
- * `Filter`.
- *
- * ```js
- *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
- *     function($filterProvider) {
- *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
- *         return ...;
- *       });
- *     },
- *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
- *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
- *     });
- * ```
- *
- *
- * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
- * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the Angular Developer Guide.
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $filter
- * @kind function
- * @description
- * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
- *
- * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
- *
- *         {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
- *
- * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
- * @return {Function} the filter function
- * @example
-   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
-        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
-        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-
-     <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('filterExample', [])
-      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
-        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
-        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
-      });
-     </file>
-   </example>
-  */
-$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
-function $FilterProvider($provide) {
-  var suffix = 'Filter';
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $filterProvider#register
-   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
-   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
-   *
-   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   *    **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
-   *    Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
-   *    your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
-   *    (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
-   *    </div>
-    * @param {Function} factory If the first argument was a string, a factory function for the filter to be registered.
-   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
-   *    of the registered filter instances.
-   */
-  function register(name, factory) {
-    if (isObject(name)) {
-      var filters = {};
-      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
-        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
-      });
-      return filters;
-    } else {
-      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
-    }
-  }
-  this.register = register;
-
-  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
-    return function(name) {
-      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
-    };
-  }];
-
-  ////////////////////////////////////////
-
-  /* global
-    currencyFilter: false,
-    dateFilter: false,
-    filterFilter: false,
-    jsonFilter: false,
-    limitToFilter: false,
-    lowercaseFilter: false,
-    numberFilter: false,
-    orderByFilter: false,
-    uppercaseFilter: false,
-  */
-
-  register('currency', currencyFilter);
-  register('date', dateFilter);
-  register('filter', filterFilter);
-  register('json', jsonFilter);
-  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
-  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
-  register('number', numberFilter);
-  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
-  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name filter
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
- *
- * @param {Array} array The source array.
- * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
- *   `array`.
- *
- *   Can be one of:
- *
- *   - `string`: The string is used for matching against the contents of the `array`. All strings or
- *     objects with string properties in `array` that match this string will be returned. This also
- *     applies to nested object properties.
- *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
- *
- *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
- *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
- *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
- *     property name (`$` by default) can be used (e.g. as in `{$: "text"}`) to accept a match
- *     against any property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the
- *     simple substring match with a `string` as described above. The special property name can be
- *     overwritten, using the `anyPropertyKey` parameter.
- *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
- *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
- *     not containing "M".
- *
- *     Note that a named property will match properties on the same level only, while the special
- *     `$` property will match properties on the same level or deeper. E.g. an array item like
- *     `{name: {first: 'John', last: 'Doe'}}` will **not** be matched by `{name: 'John'}`, but
- *     **will** be matched by `{$: 'John'}`.
- *
- *   - `function(value, index, array)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters.
- *     The function is called for each element of the array, with the element, its index, and
- *     the entire array itself as arguments.
- *
- *     The final result is an array of those elements that the predicate returned true for.
- *
- * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|undefined} comparator Comparator which is used in
- *     determining if the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual value (from
- *     the object in the array) should be considered a match.
- *
- *   Can be one of:
- *
- *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
- *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
- *     should return true if both values should be considered equal.
- *
- *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(actual, expected)}`.
- *     This is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
- *
- *   - `false|undefined`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in case
- *     insensitive way.
- *
- *     Primitive values are converted to strings. Objects are not compared against primitives,
- *     unless they have a custom `toString` method (e.g. `Date` objects).
- *
- * @param {string=} anyPropertyKey The special property name that matches against any property.
- *     By default `$`.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
-                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
-                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
-                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
-                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
-                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
-
-       <label>Search: <input ng-model="searchText"></label>
-       <table id="searchTextResults">
-         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
-         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
-           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-         </tr>
-       </table>
-       <hr>
-       <label>Any: <input ng-model="search.$"></label> <br>
-       <label>Name only <input ng-model="search.name"></label><br>
-       <label>Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"></label><br>
-       <label>Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"></label><br>
-       <table id="searchObjResults">
-         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
-         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
-           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
-           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
-         </tr>
-       </table>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
-         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
-           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
-             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
-           });
-         });
-       };
-
-       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
-         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
-         searchText.clear();
-         searchText.sendKeys('m');
-         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');
-
-         searchText.clear();
-         searchText.sendKeys('76');
-         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
-       });
-
-       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
-         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
-         searchAny.clear();
-         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
-         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
-       });
-       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
-         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
-         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
-         searchName.clear();
-         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
-         strict.click();
-         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-
-function filterFilter() {
-  return function(array, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey) {
-    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
-      if (array == null) {
-        return array;
-      } else {
-        throw minErr('filter')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
-      }
-    }
-
-    anyPropertyKey = anyPropertyKey || '$';
-    var expressionType = getTypeForFilter(expression);
-    var predicateFn;
-    var matchAgainstAnyProp;
-
-    switch (expressionType) {
-      case 'function':
-        predicateFn = expression;
-        break;
-      case 'boolean':
-      case 'null':
-      case 'number':
-      case 'string':
-        matchAgainstAnyProp = true;
-        //jshint -W086
-      case 'object':
-        //jshint +W086
-        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-        break;
-      default:
-        return array;
-    }
-
-    return Array.prototype.filter.call(array, predicateFn);
-  };
-}
-
-// Helper functions for `filterFilter`
-function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
-  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && (anyPropertyKey in expression);
-  var predicateFn;
-
-  if (comparator === true) {
-    comparator = equals;
-  } else if (!isFunction(comparator)) {
-    comparator = function(actual, expected) {
-      if (isUndefined(actual)) {
-        // No substring matching against `undefined`
-        return false;
-      }
-      if ((actual === null) || (expected === null)) {
-        // No substring matching against `null`; only match against `null`
-        return actual === expected;
-      }
-      if (isObject(expected) || (isObject(actual) && !hasCustomToString(actual))) {
-        // Should not compare primitives against objects, unless they have custom `toString` method
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      actual = lowercase('' + actual);
-      expected = lowercase('' + expected);
-      return actual.indexOf(expected) !== -1;
-    };
-  }
-
-  predicateFn = function(item) {
-    if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
-      return deepCompare(item, expression[anyPropertyKey], comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
-    }
-    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-  };
-
-  return predicateFn;
-}
-
-function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
-  var actualType = getTypeForFilter(actual);
-  var expectedType = getTypeForFilter(expected);
-
-  if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
-    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-  } else if (isArray(actual)) {
-    // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
-    // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
-    return actual.some(function(item) {
-      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-    });
-  }
-
-  switch (actualType) {
-    case 'object':
-      var key;
-      if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
-        for (key in actual) {
-          if ((key.charAt(0) !== '$') && deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, true)) {
-            return true;
-          }
-        }
-        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
-      } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
-        for (key in expected) {
-          var expectedVal = expected[key];
-          if (isFunction(expectedVal) || isUndefined(expectedVal)) {
-            continue;
-          }
-
-          var matchAnyProperty = key === anyPropertyKey;
-          var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
-          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
-            return false;
-          }
-        }
-        return true;
-      } else {
-        return comparator(actual, expected);
-      }
-      break;
-    case 'function':
-      return false;
-    default:
-      return comparator(actual, expected);
-  }
-}
-
-// Used for easily differentiating between `null` and actual `object`
-function getTypeForFilter(val) {
-  return (val === null) ? 'null' : typeof val;
-}
-
-var MAX_DIGITS = 22;
-var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
-var ZERO_CHAR = '0';
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name currency
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
- * symbol for current locale is used.
- *
- * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
- * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
- * @param {number=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the amount to, defaults to default max fraction size for current locale
- * @returns {string} Formatted number.
- *
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="currencyExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <input type="number" ng-model="amount" aria-label="amount"> <br>
-         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
-         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span id="currency-custom">{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span>
-         no fractions (0): <span id="currency-no-fractions">{{amount | currency:"USD$":0}}</span>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,235');
-       });
-       it('should update', function() {
-         if (browser.params.browser == 'safari') {
-           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
-           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
-           return;
-         }
-         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
-         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('-$1,234.00');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234.00');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
-function currencyFilter($locale) {
-  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
-  return function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize) {
-    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) {
-      currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
-    }
-
-    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
-      fractionSize = formats.PATTERNS[1].maxFrac;
-    }
-
-    // if null or undefined pass it through
-    return (amount == null)
-        ? amount
-        : formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize).
-            replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name number
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Formats a number as text.
- *
- * If the input is null or undefined, it will just be returned.
- * If the input is infinite (Infinity or -Infinity), the Infinity symbol '∞' or '-∞' is returned, respectively.
- * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
- *
- *
- * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
- * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
- * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
- * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
- * @returns {string} Number rounded to `fractionSize` appropriately formatted based on the current
- *                   locale (e.g., in the en_US locale it will have "." as the decimal separator and
- *                   include "," group separators after each third digit).
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="numberFilterExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <label>Enter number: <input ng-model='val'></label><br>
-         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
-         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
-         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should format numbers', function() {
-         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
-         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
-         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
-       });
-
-       it('should update', function() {
-         element(by.model('val')).clear();
-         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
-         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
-         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
-         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
-      });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
-function numberFilter($locale) {
-  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
-  return function(number, fractionSize) {
-
-    // if null or undefined pass it through
-    return (number == null)
-        ? number
-        : formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
-                       fractionSize);
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a number (as a string) into three components that can be used
- * for formatting the number.
- *
- * (Significant bits of this parse algorithm came from https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/)
- *
- * @param  {string} numStr The number to parse
- * @return {object} An object describing this number, containing the following keys:
- *  - d : an array of digits containing leading zeros as necessary
- *  - i : the number of the digits in `d` that are to the left of the decimal point
- *  - e : the exponent for numbers that would need more than `MAX_DIGITS` digits in `d`
- *
- */
-function parse(numStr) {
-  var exponent = 0, digits, numberOfIntegerDigits;
-  var i, j, zeros;
-
-  // Decimal point?
-  if ((numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.indexOf(DECIMAL_SEP)) > -1) {
-    numStr = numStr.replace(DECIMAL_SEP, '');
-  }
-
-  // Exponential form?
-  if ((i = numStr.search(/e/i)) > 0) {
-    // Work out the exponent.
-    if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) numberOfIntegerDigits = i;
-    numberOfIntegerDigits += +numStr.slice(i + 1);
-    numStr = numStr.substring(0, i);
-  } else if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) {
-    // There was no decimal point or exponent so it is an integer.
-    numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.length;
-  }
-
-  // Count the number of leading zeros.
-  for (i = 0; numStr.charAt(i) == ZERO_CHAR; i++) {/* jshint noempty: false */}
-
-  if (i == (zeros = numStr.length)) {
-    // The digits are all zero.
-    digits = [0];
-    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
-  } else {
-    // Count the number of trailing zeros
-    zeros--;
-    while (numStr.charAt(zeros) == ZERO_CHAR) zeros--;
-
-    // Trailing zeros are insignificant so ignore them
-    numberOfIntegerDigits -= i;
-    digits = [];
-    // Convert string to array of digits without leading/trailing zeros.
-    for (j = 0; i <= zeros; i++, j++) {
-      digits[j] = +numStr.charAt(i);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // If the number overflows the maximum allowed digits then use an exponent.
-  if (numberOfIntegerDigits > MAX_DIGITS) {
-    digits = digits.splice(0, MAX_DIGITS - 1);
-    exponent = numberOfIntegerDigits - 1;
-    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
-  }
-
-  return { d: digits, e: exponent, i: numberOfIntegerDigits };
-}
-
-/**
- * Round the parsed number to the specified number of decimal places
- * This function changed the parsedNumber in-place
- */
-function roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, minFrac, maxFrac) {
-    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
-    var fractionLen = digits.length - parsedNumber.i;
-
-    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified; `+fractionSize` converts it to a number
-    fractionSize = (isUndefined(fractionSize)) ? Math.min(Math.max(minFrac, fractionLen), maxFrac) : +fractionSize;
-
-    // The index of the digit to where rounding is to occur
-    var roundAt = fractionSize + parsedNumber.i;
-    var digit = digits[roundAt];
-
-    if (roundAt > 0) {
-      // Drop fractional digits beyond `roundAt`
-      digits.splice(Math.max(parsedNumber.i, roundAt));
-
-      // Set non-fractional digits beyond `roundAt` to 0
-      for (var j = roundAt; j < digits.length; j++) {
-        digits[j] = 0;
-      }
-    } else {
-      // We rounded to zero so reset the parsedNumber
-      fractionLen = Math.max(0, fractionLen);
-      parsedNumber.i = 1;
-      digits.length = Math.max(1, roundAt = fractionSize + 1);
-      digits[0] = 0;
-      for (var i = 1; i < roundAt; i++) digits[i] = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (digit >= 5) {
-      if (roundAt - 1 < 0) {
-        for (var k = 0; k > roundAt; k--) {
-          digits.unshift(0);
-          parsedNumber.i++;
-        }
-        digits.unshift(1);
-        parsedNumber.i++;
-      } else {
-        digits[roundAt - 1]++;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Pad out with zeros to get the required fraction length
-    for (; fractionLen < Math.max(0, fractionSize); fractionLen++) digits.push(0);
-
-
-    // Do any carrying, e.g. a digit was rounded up to 10
-    var carry = digits.reduceRight(function(carry, d, i, digits) {
-      d = d + carry;
-      digits[i] = d % 10;
-      return Math.floor(d / 10);
-    }, 0);
-    if (carry) {
-      digits.unshift(carry);
-      parsedNumber.i++;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Format a number into a string
- * @param  {number} number       The number to format
- * @param  {{
- *           minFrac, // the minimum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
- *           maxFrac, // the maximum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
- *           gSize,   // number of digits in each group of separated digits
- *           lgSize,  // number of digits in the last group of digits before the decimal separator
- *           negPre,  // the string to go in front of a negative number (e.g. `-` or `(`))
- *           posPre,  // the string to go in front of a positive number
- *           negSuf,  // the string to go after a negative number (e.g. `)`)
- *           posSuf   // the string to go after a positive number
- *         }} pattern
- * @param  {string} groupSep     The string to separate groups of number (e.g. `,`)
- * @param  {string} decimalSep   The string to act as the decimal separator (e.g. `.`)
- * @param  {[type]} fractionSize The size of the fractional part of the number
- * @return {string}              The number formatted as a string
- */
-function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
-
-  if (!(isString(number) || isNumber(number)) || isNaN(number)) return '';
-
-  var isInfinity = !isFinite(number);
-  var isZero = false;
-  var numStr = Math.abs(number) + '',
-      formattedText = '',
-      parsedNumber;
-
-  if (isInfinity) {
-    formattedText = '\u221e';
-  } else {
-    parsedNumber = parse(numStr);
-
-    roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, pattern.minFrac, pattern.maxFrac);
-
-    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
-    var integerLen = parsedNumber.i;
-    var exponent = parsedNumber.e;
-    var decimals = [];
-    isZero = digits.reduce(function(isZero, d) { return isZero && !d; }, true);
-
-    // pad zeros for small numbers
-    while (integerLen < 0) {
-      digits.unshift(0);
-      integerLen++;
-    }
-
-    // extract decimals digits
-    if (integerLen > 0) {
-      decimals = digits.splice(integerLen, digits.length);
-    } else {
-      decimals = digits;
-      digits = [0];
-    }
-
-    // format the integer digits with grouping separators
-    var groups = [];
-    if (digits.length >= pattern.lgSize) {
-      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.lgSize, digits.length).join(''));
-    }
-    while (digits.length > pattern.gSize) {
-      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.gSize, digits.length).join(''));
-    }
-    if (digits.length) {
-      groups.unshift(digits.join(''));
-    }
-    formattedText = groups.join(groupSep);
-
-    // append the decimal digits
-    if (decimals.length) {
-      formattedText += decimalSep + decimals.join('');
-    }
-
-    if (exponent) {
-      formattedText += 'e+' + exponent;
-    }
-  }
-  if (number < 0 && !isZero) {
-    return pattern.negPre + formattedText + pattern.negSuf;
-  } else {
-    return pattern.posPre + formattedText + pattern.posSuf;
-  }
-}
-
-function padNumber(num, digits, trim, negWrap) {
-  var neg = '';
-  if (num < 0 || (negWrap && num <= 0)) {
-    if (negWrap) {
-      num = -num + 1;
-    } else {
-      num = -num;
-      neg = '-';
-    }
-  }
-  num = '' + num;
-  while (num.length < digits) num = ZERO_CHAR + num;
-  if (trim) {
-    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
-  }
-  return neg + num;
-}
-
-
-function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim, negWrap) {
-  offset = offset || 0;
-  return function(date) {
-    var value = date['get' + name]();
-    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset) {
-      value += offset;
-    }
-    if (value === 0 && offset == -12) value = 12;
-    return padNumber(value, size, trim, negWrap);
-  };
-}
-
-function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm, standAlone) {
-  return function(date, formats) {
-    var value = date['get' + name]();
-    var propPrefix = (standAlone ? 'STANDALONE' : '') + (shortForm ? 'SHORT' : '');
-    var get = uppercase(propPrefix + name);
-
-    return formats[get][value];
-  };
-}
-
-function timeZoneGetter(date, formats, offset) {
-  var zone = -1 * offset;
-  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? "+" : "";
-
-  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
-                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
-
-  return paddedZone;
-}
-
-function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
-    // 0 = index of January
-    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
-    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
-    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
-    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
-}
-
-function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
-    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
-      // 4 = index of Thursday
-      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
-}
-
-function weekGetter(size) {
-   return function(date) {
-      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
-         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);
-
-      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
-         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week
-
-      return padNumber(result, size);
-   };
-}
-
-function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
-  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
-}
-
-function eraGetter(date, formats) {
-  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERAS[0] : formats.ERAS[1];
-}
-
-function longEraGetter(date, formats) {
-  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERANAMES[0] : formats.ERANAMES[1];
-}
-
-var DATE_FORMATS = {
-  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4, 0, false, true),
-    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true, true),
-     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1, 0, false, true),
-  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
-   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
-    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
-     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
-  LLLL: dateStrGetter('Month', false, true),
-    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
-     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
-    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
-     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
-    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
-     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
-    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
-     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
-    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
-     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
-     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
-     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
-   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
-  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
-   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
-     a: ampmGetter,
-     Z: timeZoneGetter,
-    ww: weekGetter(2),
-     w: weekGetter(1),
-     G: eraGetter,
-     GG: eraGetter,
-     GGG: eraGetter,
-     GGGG: longEraGetter
-};
-
-var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMLdHhmsaZEwG']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|L+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|G+|w+))(.*)/,
-    NUMBER_STRING = /^\-?\d+$/;
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name date
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
- *
- *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
- *
- *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
- *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
- *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
- *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
- *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
- *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
- *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
- *   * `'LLLL'`: Stand-alone month in year (January-December)
- *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
- *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
- *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
- *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
- *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
- *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
- *   * `'hh'`: Hour in AM/PM, padded (01-12)
- *   * `'h'`: Hour in AM/PM, (1-12)
- *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
- *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
- *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
- *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
- *   * `'sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
- *   * `'a'`: AM/PM marker
- *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
- *   * `'ww'`: Week of year, padded (00-53). Week 01 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
- *   * `'w'`: Week of year (0-53). Week 1 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
- *   * `'G'`, `'GG'`, `'GGG'`: The abbreviated form of the era string (e.g. 'AD')
- *   * `'GGGG'`: The long form of the era string (e.g. 'Anno Domini')
- *
- *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
- *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
- *
- *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
- *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 PM)
- *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 PM)
- *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
- *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
- *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
- *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
- *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
- *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 PM)
- *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 PM)
- *
- *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be escaped by surrounding with single quotes (e.g.
- *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output a single quote, escape it - i.e., two single quotes in a sequence
- *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
- *
- * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
- *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ and its
- *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
- *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
- * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
- *    `mediumDate` is used.
- * @param {string=} timezone Timezone to be used for formatting. It understands UTC/GMT and the
- *    continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
- *    example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
- *    If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
- * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
-           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
-          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
-          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span>:
-          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span><br>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should format date', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
-         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (\-|\+)?\d{4}/);
-         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
-         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:\"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma\"")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 at \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
-function dateFilter($locale) {
-
-
-  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
-                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
-  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
-    var match;
-    if (match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR)) {
-      var date = new Date(0),
-          tzHour = 0,
-          tzMin  = 0,
-          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
-          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
-
-      if (match[9]) {
-        tzHour = toInt(match[9] + match[10]);
-        tzMin = toInt(match[9] + match[11]);
-      }
-      dateSetter.call(date, toInt(match[1]), toInt(match[2]) - 1, toInt(match[3]));
-      var h = toInt(match[4] || 0) - tzHour;
-      var m = toInt(match[5] || 0) - tzMin;
-      var s = toInt(match[6] || 0);
-      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7] || 0)) * 1000);
-      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
-      return date;
-    }
-    return string;
-  }
-
-
-  return function(date, format, timezone) {
-    var text = '',
-        parts = [],
-        fn, match;
-
-    format = format || 'mediumDate';
-    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
-    if (isString(date)) {
-      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? toInt(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
-    }
-
-    if (isNumber(date)) {
-      date = new Date(date);
-    }
-
-    if (!isDate(date) || !isFinite(date.getTime())) {
-      return date;
-    }
-
-    while (format) {
-      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
-      if (match) {
-        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
-        format = parts.pop();
-      } else {
-        parts.push(format);
-        format = null;
-      }
-    }
-
-    var dateTimezoneOffset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
-    if (timezone) {
-      dateTimezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, dateTimezoneOffset);
-      date = convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, true);
-    }
-    forEach(parts, function(value) {
-      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
-      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS, dateTimezoneOffset)
-                 : value === "''" ? "'" : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
-    });
-
-    return text;
-  };
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name json
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
- *
- *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
- *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
- *
- * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
- * @param {number=} spacing The number of spaces to use per indentation, defaults to 2.
- * @returns {string} JSON string.
- *
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <pre id="default-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
-       <pre id="custom-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json:4 }}</pre>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
-         expect(element(by.id('default-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n  "name": ?"value"\n}/);
-         expect(element(by.id('custom-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n    "name": ?"value"\n}/);
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- *
- */
-function jsonFilter() {
-  return function(object, spacing) {
-    if (isUndefined(spacing)) {
-        spacing = 2;
-    }
-    return toJson(object, spacing);
-  };
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name lowercase
- * @kind function
- * @description
- * Converts string to lowercase.
- * @see angular.lowercase
- */
-var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name uppercase
- * @kind function
- * @description
- * Converts string to uppercase.
- * @see angular.uppercase
- */
-var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name limitTo
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements are
- * taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
- * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. Other array-like objects are also supported
- * (e.g. array subclasses, NodeLists, jqLite/jQuery collections etc). If a number is used as input,
- * it is converted to a string.
- *
- * @param {Array|ArrayLike|string|number} input - Array/array-like, string or number to be limited.
- * @param {string|number} limit - The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
- *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
- *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
- *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`. If `limit` is undefined,
- *     the input will be returned unchanged.
- * @param {(string|number)=} begin - Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index,
- *     `begin` indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
- * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if the input had
- *     less than `limit` elements.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="limitToExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
-             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
-             $scope.longNumber = 2345432342;
-             $scope.numLimit = 3;
-             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
-             $scope.longNumberLimit = 3;
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <label>
-            Limit {{numbers}} to:
-            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="numLimit">
-         </label>
-         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
-         <label>
-            Limit {{letters}} to:
-            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="letterLimit">
-         </label>
-         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
-         <label>
-            Limit {{longNumber}} to:
-            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="longNumberLimit">
-         </label>
-         <p>Output long number: {{ longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit }}</p>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
-       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
-       var longNumberLimitInput = element(by.model('longNumberLimit'));
-       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
-       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));
-       var limitedLongNumber = element(by.binding('longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit'));
-
-       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
-         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
-         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
-         expect(longNumberLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
-         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
-         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
-         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 234');
-       });
-
-       // There is a bug in safari and protractor that doesn't like the minus key
-       // it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
-       //   numLimitInput.clear();
-       //   numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
-       //   letterLimitInput.clear();
-       //   letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
-       //   longNumberLimitInput.clear();
-       //   longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
-       //   expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
-       //   expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
-       //   expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 342');
-       // });
-
-       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
-         numLimitInput.clear();
-         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
-         letterLimitInput.clear();
-         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
-         longNumberLimitInput.clear();
-         longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
-         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
-         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 2345432342');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
-*/
-function limitToFilter() {
-  return function(input, limit, begin) {
-    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
-      limit = Number(limit);
-    } else {
-      limit = toInt(limit);
-    }
-    if (isNaN(limit)) return input;
-
-    if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
-    if (!isArrayLike(input)) return input;
-
-    begin = (!begin || isNaN(begin)) ? 0 : toInt(begin);
-    begin = (begin < 0) ? Math.max(0, input.length + begin) : begin;
-
-    if (limit >= 0) {
-      return sliceFn(input, begin, begin + limit);
-    } else {
-      if (begin === 0) {
-        return sliceFn(input, limit, input.length);
-      } else {
-        return sliceFn(input, Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-}
-
-function sliceFn(input, begin, end) {
-  if (isString(input)) return input.slice(begin, end);
-
-  return slice.call(input, begin, end);
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name orderBy
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Returns an array containing the items from the specified `collection`, ordered by a `comparator`
- * function based on the values computed using the `expression` predicate.
- *
- * For example, `[{id: 'foo'}, {id: 'bar'}] | orderBy:'id'` would result in
- * `[{id: 'bar'}, {id: 'foo'}]`.
- *
- * The `collection` can be an Array or array-like object (e.g. NodeList, jQuery object, TypedArray,
- * String, etc).
- *
- * The `expression` can be a single predicate, or a list of predicates each serving as a tie-breaker
- * for the preceeding one. The `expression` is evaluated against each item and the output is used
- * for comparing with other items.
- *
- * You can change the sorting order by setting `reverse` to `true`. By default, items are sorted in
- * ascending order.
- *
- * The comparison is done using the `comparator` function. If none is specified, a default, built-in
- * comparator is used (see below for details - in a nutshell, it compares numbers numerically and
- * strings alphabetically).
- *
- * ### Under the hood
- *
- * Ordering the specified `collection` happens in two phases:
- *
- * 1. All items are passed through the predicate (or predicates), and the returned values are saved
- *    along with their type (`string`, `number` etc). For example, an item `{label: 'foo'}`, passed
- *    through a predicate that extracts the value of the `label` property, would be transformed to:
- *    ```
- *    {
- *      value: 'foo',
- *      type: 'string',
- *      index: ...
- *    }
- *    ```
- * 2. The comparator function is used to sort the items, based on the derived values, types and
- *    indices.
- *
- * If you use a custom comparator, it will be called with pairs of objects of the form
- * `{value: ..., type: '...', index: ...}` and is expected to return `0` if the objects are equal
- * (as far as the comparator is concerned), `-1` if the 1st one should be ranked higher than the
- * second, or `1` otherwise.
- *
- * In order to ensure that the sorting will be deterministic across platforms, if none of the
- * specified predicates can distinguish between two items, `orderBy` will automatically introduce a
- * dummy predicate that returns the item's index as `value`.
- * (If you are using a custom comparator, make sure it can handle this predicate as well.)
- *
- * Finally, in an attempt to simplify things, if a predicate returns an object as the extracted
- * value for an item, `orderBy` will try to convert that object to a primitive value, before passing
- * it to the comparator. The following rules govern the conversion:
- *
- * 1. If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns a primitive, its return value will be
- *    used instead.<br />
- *    (If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
- *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
- * 2. If the object has a custom `toString()` method (i.e. not the one inherited from `Object`) that
- *    returns a primitive, its return value will be used instead.<br />
- *    (If the object has a `toString()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
- *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
- * 3. No conversion; the object itself is used.
- *
- * ### The default comparator
- *
- * The default, built-in comparator should be sufficient for most usecases. In short, it compares
- * numbers numerically, strings alphabetically (and case-insensitively), for objects falls back to
- * using their index in the original collection, and sorts values of different types by type.
- *
- * More specifically, it follows these steps to determine the relative order of items:
- *
- * 1. If the compared values are of different types, compare the types themselves alphabetically.
- * 2. If both values are of type `string`, compare them alphabetically in a case- and
- *    locale-insensitive way.
- * 3. If both values are objects, compare their indices instead.
- * 4. Otherwise, return:
- *    -  `0`, if the values are equal (by strict equality comparison, i.e. using `===`).
- *    - `-1`, if the 1st value is "less than" the 2nd value (compared using the `<` operator).
- *    -  `1`, otherwise.
- *
- * **Note:** If you notice numbers not being sorted as expected, make sure they are actually being
- *           saved as numbers and not strings.
- *
- * @param {Array|ArrayLike} collection - The collection (array or array-like object) to sort.
- * @param {(Function|string|Array.<Function|string>)=} expression - A predicate (or list of
- *    predicates) to be used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
- *
- *    Can be one of:
- *
- *    - `Function`: A getter function. This function will be called with each item as argument and
- *      the return value will be used for sorting.
- *    - `string`: An Angular expression. This expression will be evaluated against each item and the
- *      result will be used for sorting. For example, use `'label'` to sort by a property called
- *      `label` or `'label.substring(0, 3)'` to sort by the first 3 characters of the `label`
- *      property.<br />
- *      (The result of a constant expression is interpreted as a property name to be used for
- *      comparison. For example, use `'"special name"'` (note the extra pair of quotes) to sort by a
- *      property called `special name`.)<br />
- *      An expression can be optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control the sorting direction,
- *      ascending or descending. For example, `'+label'` or `'-label'`. If no property is provided,
- *      (e.g. `'+'` or `'-'`), the collection element itself is used in comparisons.
- *    - `Array`: An array of function and/or string predicates. If a predicate cannot determine the
- *      relative order of two items, the next predicate is used as a tie-breaker.
- *
- * **Note:** If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
- *
- * @param {boolean=} reverse - If `true`, reverse the sorting order.
- * @param {(Function)=} comparator - The comparator function used to determine the relative order of
- *    value pairs. If omitted, the built-in comparator will be used.
- *
- * @returns {Array} - The sorted array.
- *
- *
- * @example
- * ### Ordering a table with `ngRepeat`
- *
- * The example below demonstrates a simple {@link ngRepeat ngRepeat}, where the data is sorted by
- * age in descending order (expression is set to `'-age'`). The `comparator` is not set, which means
- * it defaults to the built-in comparator.
- *
-   <example name="orderBy-static" module="orderByExample1">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <table class="friends">
-           <tr>
-             <th>Name</th>
-             <th>Phone Number</th>
-             <th>Age</th>
-           </tr>
-           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'-age'">
-             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
-           </tr>
-         </table>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample1', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
-             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
-             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
-             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
-             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
-           ];
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
-
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var names = element.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
-
-       it('should sort friends by age in reverse order', function() {
-         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Julie');
-         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
-         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
-         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('John');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- * <hr />
- *
- * @example
- * ### Changing parameters dynamically
- *
- * All parameters can be changed dynamically. The next example shows how you can make the columns of
- * a table sortable, by binding the `expression` and `reverse` parameters to scope properties.
- *
-   <example name="orderBy-dynamic" module="orderByExample2">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
-         <hr/>
-         <button ng-click="propertyName = null; reverse = false">Set to unsorted</button>
-         <hr/>
-         <table class="friends">
-           <tr>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-           </tr>
-           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:propertyName:reverse">
-             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
-           </tr>
-         </table>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample2', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           var friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
-             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
-             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
-             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
-             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
-           ];
-
-           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
-           $scope.reverse = true;
-           $scope.friends = friends;
-
-           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
-             $scope.reverse = ($scope.propertyName === propertyName) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
-             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
-
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
-
-       .sortorder:after {
-         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-       .sortorder.reverse:after {
-         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
-       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
-       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
-       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
-       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
-       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
-
-       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-
-         phoneHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
-
-         nameHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
-
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-       });
-
-       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-       });
-
-       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-
-         unsortButton.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- * <hr />
- *
- * @example
- * ### Using `orderBy` inside a controller
- *
- * It is also possible to call the `orderBy` filter manually, by injecting `orderByFilter`, and
- * calling it with the desired parameters. (Alternatively, you could inject the `$filter` factory
- * and retrieve the `orderBy` filter with `$filter('orderBy')`.)
- *
-   <example name="orderBy-call-manually" module="orderByExample3">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
-         <hr/>
-         <button ng-click="sortBy(null)">Set to unsorted</button>
-         <hr/>
-         <table class="friends">
-           <tr>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-           </tr>
-           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
-             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
-           </tr>
-         </table>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample3', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', 'orderByFilter', function($scope, orderBy) {
-           var friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
-             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
-             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
-             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
-             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
-           ];
-
-           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
-           $scope.reverse = true;
-           $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
-
-           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
-             $scope.reverse = (propertyName !== null && $scope.propertyName === propertyName)
-                 ? !$scope.reverse : false;
-             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
-             $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
-
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
-
-       .sortorder:after {
-         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-       .sortorder.reverse:after {
-         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
-       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
-       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
-       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
-       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
-       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
-
-       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-
-         phoneHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
-
-         nameHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
-
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-       });
-
-       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-       });
-
-       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-
-         unsortButton.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- * <hr />
- *
- * @example
- * ### Using a custom comparator
- *
- * If you have very specific requirements about the way items are sorted, you can pass your own
- * comparator function. For example, you might need to compare some strings in a locale-sensitive
- * way. (When specifying a custom comparator, you also need to pass a value for the `reverse`
- * argument - passing `false` retains the default sorting order, i.e. ascending.)
- *
-   <example name="orderBy-custom-comparator" module="orderByExample4">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <div class="friends-container custom-comparator">
-           <h3>Locale-sensitive Comparator</h3>
-           <table class="friends">
-             <tr>
-               <th>Name</th>
-               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
-             </tr>
-             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter':false:localeSensitiveComparator">
-               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
-             </tr>
-           </table>
-         </div>
-         <div class="friends-container default-comparator">
-           <h3>Default Comparator</h3>
-           <table class="friends">
-             <tr>
-               <th>Name</th>
-               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
-             </tr>
-             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter'">
-               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
-             </tr>
-           </table>
-         </div>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample4', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   favoriteLetter: 'Ä'},
-             {name: 'Mary',   favoriteLetter: 'Ü'},
-             {name: 'Mike',   favoriteLetter: 'Ö'},
-             {name: 'Adam',   favoriteLetter: 'H'},
-             {name: 'Julie',  favoriteLetter: 'Z'}
-           ];
-
-           $scope.localeSensitiveComparator = function(v1, v2) {
-             // If we don't get strings, just compare by index
-             if (v1.type !== 'string' || v2.type !== 'string') {
-               return (v1.index < v2.index) ? -1 : 1;
-             }
-
-             // Compare strings alphabetically, taking locale into account
-             return v1.value.localeCompare(v2.value);
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends-container {
-         display: inline-block;
-         margin: 0 30px;
-       }
-
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
-
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var container = element(by.css('.custom-comparator'));
-       var names = container.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
-
-       it('should sort friends by favorite letter (in correct alphabetical order)', function() {
-         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
-         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
-         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('Julie');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- *
- */
-orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
-function orderByFilter($parse) {
-  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder, compareFn) {
-
-    if (array == null) return array;
-    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
-      throw minErr('orderBy')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
-    }
-
-    if (!isArray(sortPredicate)) { sortPredicate = [sortPredicate]; }
-    if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
-
-    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate);
-
-    var descending = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
-
-    // Define the `compare()` function. Use a default comparator if none is specified.
-    var compare = isFunction(compareFn) ? compareFn : defaultCompare;
-
-    // The next three lines are a version of a Swartzian Transform idiom from Perl
-    // (sometimes called the Decorate-Sort-Undecorate idiom)
-    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform
-    var compareValues = Array.prototype.map.call(array, getComparisonObject);
-    compareValues.sort(doComparison);
-    array = compareValues.map(function(item) { return item.value; });
-
-    return array;
-
-    function getComparisonObject(value, index) {
-      // NOTE: We are adding an extra `tieBreaker` value based on the element's index.
-      // This will be used to keep the sort stable when none of the input predicates can
-      // distinguish between two elements.
-      return {
-        value: value,
-        tieBreaker: {value: index, type: 'number', index: index},
-        predicateValues: predicates.map(function(predicate) {
-          return getPredicateValue(predicate.get(value), index);
-        })
-      };
-    }
-
-    function doComparison(v1, v2) {
-      for (var i = 0, ii = predicates.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        var result = compare(v1.predicateValues[i], v2.predicateValues[i]);
-        if (result) {
-          return result * predicates[i].descending * descending;
-        }
-      }
-
-      return compare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker) * descending;
-    }
-  };
-
-  function processPredicates(sortPredicates) {
-    return sortPredicates.map(function(predicate) {
-      var descending = 1, get = identity;
-
-      if (isFunction(predicate)) {
-        get = predicate;
-      } else if (isString(predicate)) {
-        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
-          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-' ? -1 : 1;
-          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
-        }
-        if (predicate !== '') {
-          get = $parse(predicate);
-          if (get.constant) {
-            var key = get();
-            get = function(value) { return value[key]; };
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return {get: get, descending: descending};
-    });
-  }
-
-  function isPrimitive(value) {
-    switch (typeof value) {
-      case 'number': /* falls through */
-      case 'boolean': /* falls through */
-      case 'string':
-        return true;
-      default:
-        return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  function objectValue(value) {
-    // If `valueOf` is a valid function use that
-    if (isFunction(value.valueOf)) {
-      value = value.valueOf();
-      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
-    }
-    // If `toString` is a valid function and not the one from `Object.prototype` use that
-    if (hasCustomToString(value)) {
-      value = value.toString();
-      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
-    }
-
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  function getPredicateValue(value, index) {
-    var type = typeof value;
-    if (value === null) {
-      type = 'string';
-      value = 'null';
-    } else if (type === 'object') {
-      value = objectValue(value);
-    }
-    return {value: value, type: type, index: index};
-  }
-
-  function defaultCompare(v1, v2) {
-    var result = 0;
-    var type1 = v1.type;
-    var type2 = v2.type;
-
-    if (type1 === type2) {
-      var value1 = v1.value;
-      var value2 = v2.value;
-
-      if (type1 === 'string') {
-        // Compare strings case-insensitively
-        value1 = value1.toLowerCase();
-        value2 = value2.toLowerCase();
-      } else if (type1 === 'object') {
-        // For basic objects, use the position of the object
-        // in the collection instead of the value
-        if (isObject(value1)) value1 = v1.index;
-        if (isObject(value2)) value2 = v2.index;
-      }
-
-      if (value1 !== value2) {
-        result = value1 < value2 ? -1 : 1;
-      }
-    } else {
-      result = type1 < type2 ? -1 : 1;
-    }
-
-    return result;
-  }
-}
-
-function ngDirective(directive) {
-  if (isFunction(directive)) {
-    directive = {
-      link: directive
-    };
-  }
-  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
-  return valueFn(directive);
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name a
- * @restrict E
- *
- * @description
- * Modifies the default behavior of the html A tag so that the default action is prevented when
- * the href attribute is empty.
- *
- * This change permits the easy creation of action links with the `ngClick` directive
- * without changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
- * `<a href="" ng-click="list.addItem()">Add Item</a>`
- */
-var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
-  restrict: 'E',
-  compile: function(element, attr) {
-    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref) {
-      return function(scope, element) {
-        // If the linked element is not an anchor tag anymore, do nothing
-        if (element[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'a') return;
-
-        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
-        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
-                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
-        element.on('click', function(event) {
-          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
-          if (!element.attr(href)) {
-            event.preventDefault();
-          }
-        });
-      };
-    }
-  }
-});
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngHref
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 99
- *
- * @description
- * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
- * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
- * Angular has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
- * value. Until Angular replaces the markup the link will be broken
- * and will most likely return a 404 error. The `ngHref` directive
- * solves this problem.
- *
- * The wrong way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
- * ```
- *
- * The correct way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
- * ```
- *
- * @element A
- * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
- *
- * @example
- * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
- * in links and their different behaviors:
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
-        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
-        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
-        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
-        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
-        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
-        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
-        });
-
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
-        });
-
-        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
-          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);
-
-          element(by.id('link-3')).click();
-
-          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
-          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
-
-          browser.wait(function() {
-            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
-              return url.match(/\/123$/);
-            });
-          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
-        });
-
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
-        });
-
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
-        });
-
-        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
-          element(by.model('value')).clear();
-          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);
-
-          element(by.id('link-6')).click();
-
-          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
-          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
-          browser.wait(function() {
-            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
-              return url.match(/\/6$/);
-            });
-          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSrc
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 99
- *
- * @description
- * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
- * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
- * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
- * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
- *
- * The buggy way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description"/>
- * ```
- *
- * The correct way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description" />
- * ```
- *
- * @element IMG
- * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSrcset
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 99
- *
- * @description
- * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
- * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
- * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
- * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
- *
- * The buggy way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description"/>
- * ```
- *
- * The correct way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description" />
- * ```
- *
- * @element IMG
- * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngDisabled
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
- *
- * @description
- *
- * This directive sets the `disabled` attribute on the element if the
- * {@link guide/expression expression} inside `ngDisabled` evaluates to truthy.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `disabled`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
- *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
-        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should toggle button', function() {
-          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('checked')).click();
-          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- *
- * @element INPUT
- * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then the `disabled` attribute will be set on the element
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngChecked
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
- *
- * @description
- * Sets the `checked` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngChecked` is truthy.
- *
- * Note that this directive should not be used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`},
- * as this can lead to unexpected behavior.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `checked`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
- *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="master"></label><br/>
-        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng-checked="master" aria-label="Slave input">
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
-          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('master')).click();
-          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- *
- * @element INPUT
- * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then the `checked` attribute will be set on the element
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngReadonly
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
- *
- * @description
- *
- * Sets the `readonly` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngReadonly` is truthy.
- * Note that `readonly` applies only to `input` elements with specific types. [See the input docs on
- * MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-readonly) for more information.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `readonly`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
- *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
-        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm Angular" aria-label="Readonly field" />
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
-          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('checked')).click();
-          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- *
- * @element INPUT
- * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSelected
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
- *
- * @description
- *
- * Sets the `selected` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngSelected` is truthy.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `selected`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- *   **Note:** `ngSelected` does not interact with the `select` and `ngModel` directives, it only
- *   sets the `selected` attribute on the element. If you are using `ngModel` on the select, you
- *   should not use `ngSelected` on the options, as `ngModel` will set the select value and
- *   selected options.
- * </div>
- *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"></label><br/>
-        <select aria-label="ngSelected demo">
-          <option>Hello!</option>
-          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
-        </select>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
-          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('selected')).click();
-          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- *
- * @element OPTION
- * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngOpen
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
- *
- * @description
- *
- * Sets the `open` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngOpen` is truthy.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `open`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
- *
- * ## A note about browser compatibility
- *
- * Edge, Firefox, and Internet Explorer do not support the `details` element, it is
- * recommended to use {@link ng.ngShow} and {@link ng.ngHide} instead.
- *
- * @example
-     <example>
-       <file name="index.html">
-         <label>Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"></label><br/>
-         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
-            <summary>Show/Hide me</summary>
-         </details>
-       </file>
-       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-         it('should toggle open', function() {
-           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
-           element(by.model('open')).click();
-           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
-         });
-       </file>
-     </example>
- *
- * @element DETAILS
- * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
- */
-
-var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
-
-// boolean attrs are evaluated
-forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
-  // binding to multiple is not supported
-  if (propName == "multiple") return;
-
-  function defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
-    scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
-      attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
-    });
-  }
-
-  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
-  var linkFn = defaultLinkFn;
-
-  if (propName === 'checked') {
-    linkFn = function(scope, element, attr) {
-      // ensuring ngChecked doesn't interfere with ngModel when both are set on the same input
-      if (attr.ngModel !== attr[normalized]) {
-        defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr);
-      }
-    };
-  }
-
-  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
-    return {
-      restrict: 'A',
-      priority: 100,
-      link: linkFn
-    };
-  };
-});
-
-// aliased input attrs are evaluated
-forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
-  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
-    return {
-      priority: 100,
-      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
-        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
-        if (ngAttr === "ngPattern" && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) == "/") {
-          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
-          if (match) {
-            attr.$set("ngPattern", new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
-            return;
-          }
-        }
-
-        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
-          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
-        });
-      }
-    };
-  };
-});
-
-// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
-forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
-  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
-  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
-    return {
-      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
-      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-        var propName = attrName,
-            name = attrName;
-
-        if (attrName === 'href' &&
-            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
-          name = 'xlinkHref';
-          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
-          propName = null;
-        }
-
-        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
-          if (!value) {
-            if (attrName === 'href') {
-              attr.$set(name, null);
-            }
-            return;
-          }
-
-          attr.$set(name, value);
-
-          // on IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
-          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
-          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
-          // we use attr[attrName] value since $set can sanitize the url.
-          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
-        });
-      }
-    };
-  };
-});
-
-/* global -nullFormCtrl, -SUBMITTED_CLASS, addSetValidityMethod: true
- */
-var nullFormCtrl = {
-  $addControl: noop,
-  $$renameControl: nullFormRenameControl,
-  $removeControl: noop,
-  $setValidity: noop,
-  $setDirty: noop,
-  $setPristine: noop,
-  $setSubmitted: noop
-},
-SUBMITTED_CLASS = 'ng-submitted';
-
-function nullFormRenameControl(control, name) {
-  control.$name = name;
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name form.FormController
- *
- * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
- * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
- * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
- * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
- * @property {boolean} $pending True if at least one containing control or form is pending.
- * @property {boolean} $submitted True if user has submitted the form even if its invalid.
- *
- * @property {Object} $error Is an object hash, containing references to controls or
- *  forms with failing validators, where:
- *
- *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
- *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a failing validator for given error name.
- *
- *  Built-in validation tokens:
- *
- *  - `email`
- *  - `max`
- *  - `maxlength`
- *  - `min`
- *  - `minlength`
- *  - `number`
- *  - `pattern`
- *  - `required`
- *  - `url`
- *  - `date`
- *  - `datetimelocal`
- *  - `time`
- *  - `week`
- *  - `month`
- *
- * @description
- * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
- * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
- *
- * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
- * of `FormController`.
- *
- */
-//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
-FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate', '$interpolate'];
-function FormController(element, attrs, $scope, $animate, $interpolate) {
-  var form = this,
-      controls = [];
-
-  // init state
-  form.$error = {};
-  form.$$success = {};
-  form.$pending = undefined;
-  form.$name = $interpolate(attrs.name || attrs.ngForm || '')($scope);
-  form.$dirty = false;
-  form.$pristine = true;
-  form.$valid = true;
-  form.$invalid = false;
-  form.$submitted = false;
-  form.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
-   *
-   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
-   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
-   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
-   */
-  form.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$rollbackViewValue();
-    });
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
-   *
-   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
-   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
-   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
-   */
-  form.$commitViewValue = function() {
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$commitViewValue();
-    });
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
-   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
-   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Register a control with the form. Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically
-   * when they are linked.
-   *
-   * Note that the current state of the control will not be reflected on the new parent form. This
-   * is not an issue with normal use, as freshly compiled and linked controls are in a `$pristine`
-   * state.
-   *
-   * However, if the method is used programmatically, for example by adding dynamically created controls,
-   * or controls that have been previously removed without destroying their corresponding DOM element,
-   * it's the developers responsibility to make sure the current state propagates to the parent form.
-   *
-   * For example, if an input control is added that is already `$dirty` and has `$error` properties,
-   * calling `$setDirty()` and `$validate()` afterwards will propagate the state to the parent form.
-   */
-  form.$addControl = function(control) {
-    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
-    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
-    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
-    controls.push(control);
-
-    if (control.$name) {
-      form[control.$name] = control;
-    }
-
-    control.$$parentForm = form;
-  };
-
-  // Private API: rename a form control
-  form.$$renameControl = function(control, newName) {
-    var oldName = control.$name;
-
-    if (form[oldName] === control) {
-      delete form[oldName];
-    }
-    form[newName] = control;
-    control.$name = newName;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
-   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
-   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Deregister a control from the form.
-   *
-   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
-   *
-   * Note that only the removed control's validation state (`$errors`etc.) will be removed from the
-   * form. `$dirty`, `$submitted` states will not be changed, because the expected behavior can be
-   * different from case to case. For example, removing the only `$dirty` control from a form may or
-   * may not mean that the form is still `$dirty`.
-   */
-  form.$removeControl = function(control) {
-    if (control.$name && form[control.$name] === control) {
-      delete form[control.$name];
-    }
-    forEach(form.$pending, function(value, name) {
-      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
-    });
-    forEach(form.$error, function(value, name) {
-      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
-    });
-    forEach(form.$$success, function(value, name) {
-      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
-    });
-
-    arrayRemove(controls, control);
-    control.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
-  };
-
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the validity of a form control.
-   *
-   * This method will also propagate to parent forms.
-   */
-  addSetValidityMethod({
-    ctrl: this,
-    $element: element,
-    set: function(object, property, controller) {
-      var list = object[property];
-      if (!list) {
-        object[property] = [controller];
-      } else {
-        var index = list.indexOf(controller);
-        if (index === -1) {
-          list.push(controller);
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    unset: function(object, property, controller) {
-      var list = object[property];
-      if (!list) {
-        return;
-      }
-      arrayRemove(list, controller);
-      if (list.length === 0) {
-        delete object[property];
-      }
-    },
-    $animate: $animate
-  });
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
-   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
-   */
-  form.$setDirty = function() {
-    $animate.removeClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
-    $animate.addClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
-    form.$dirty = true;
-    form.$pristine = false;
-    form.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to its pristine
-   * state (ng-pristine class). This method will also propagate to all the controls contained
-   * in this form.
-   *
-   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
-   * saving or resetting it.
-   */
-  form.$setPristine = function() {
-    $animate.setClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS, DIRTY_CLASS + ' ' + SUBMITTED_CLASS);
-    form.$dirty = false;
-    form.$pristine = true;
-    form.$submitted = false;
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$setPristine();
-    });
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setUntouched
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to its untouched state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the form controls to their
-   * untouched state (ng-untouched class).
-   *
-   * Setting a form controls back to their untouched state is often useful when setting the form
-   * back to its pristine state.
-   */
-  form.$setUntouched = function() {
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$setUntouched();
-    });
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setSubmitted
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to its submitted state.
-   */
-  form.$setSubmitted = function() {
-    $animate.addClass(element, SUBMITTED_CLASS);
-    form.$submitted = true;
-    form.$$parentForm.$setSubmitted();
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngForm
- * @restrict EAC
- *
- * @description
- * Nestable alias of {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive. HTML
- * does not allow nesting of form elements. It is useful to nest forms, for example if the validity of a
- * sub-group of controls needs to be determined.
- *
- * Note: the purpose of `ngForm` is to group controls,
- * but not to be a replacement for the `<form>` tag with all of its capabilities
- * (e.g. posting to the server, ...).
- *
- * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
- *                       related scope, under this name.
- *
- */
-
- /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name form
- * @restrict E
- *
- * @description
- * Directive that instantiates
- * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
- *
- * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
- * this name.
- *
- * # Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
- *
- * In Angular, forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
- * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
- * Angular provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive, which behaves identically to
- * `form` but can be nested. Nested forms can be useful, for example, if the validity of a sub-group
- * of controls needs to be determined.
- *
- * # CSS classes
- *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
- *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
- *  - `ng-pending` is set if the form is pending.
- *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
- *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
- *  - `ng-submitted` is set if the form was submitted.
- *
- * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
- *
- *
- * # Submitting a form and preventing the default action
- *
- * Since the role of forms in client-side Angular applications is different than in classical
- * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
- * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
- * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
- *
- * For this reason, Angular prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
- * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
- *
- * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
- * a form is submitted:
- *
- * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
- * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
-  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
- *
- * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
- * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
- * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
- *
- * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
- * (`ngSubmit`)
- * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
- * doesn't trigger submit
- * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
- * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
- * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
- *
- * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
- * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
- * to have access to the updated model.
- *
- * ## Animation Hooks
- *
- * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
- * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
- * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
- * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
- * as JS animations.
- *
- * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
- * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
- *
- * <pre>
- * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
- * //advanced animations
- * .my-form {
- *   transition:0.5s linear all;
- *   background: white;
- * }
- * .my-form.ng-invalid {
- *   background: red;
- *   color:white;
- * }
- * </pre>
- *
- * @example
-    <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
-      <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('formExample', [])
-           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.userType = 'guest';
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <style>
-        .my-form {
-          transition:all linear 0.5s;
-          background: transparent;
-        }
-        .my-form.ng-invalid {
-          background: red;
-        }
-       </style>
-       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
-         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
-         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
-         <code>userType = {{userType}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br>
-        </form>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-
-          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-        });
-
-        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));
-
-          userInput.clear();
-          userInput.sendKeys('');
-
-          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- *
- * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
- *                       related scope, under this name.
- */
-var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
-  return ['$timeout', '$parse', function($timeout, $parse) {
-    var formDirective = {
-      name: 'form',
-      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
-      require: ['form', '^^?form'], //first is the form's own ctrl, second is an optional parent form
-      controller: FormController,
-      compile: function ngFormCompile(formElement, attr) {
-        // Setup initial state of the control
-        formElement.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
-
-        var nameAttr = attr.name ? 'name' : (isNgForm && attr.ngForm ? 'ngForm' : false);
-
-        return {
-          pre: function ngFormPreLink(scope, formElement, attr, ctrls) {
-            var controller = ctrls[0];
-
-            // if `action` attr is not present on the form, prevent the default action (submission)
-            if (!('action' in attr)) {
-              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
-              // action is not prevented. see #1238
-              //
-              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
-              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
-              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
-              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
-                scope.$apply(function() {
-                  controller.$commitViewValue();
-                  controller.$setSubmitted();
-                });
-
-                event.preventDefault();
-              };
-
-              addEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
-
-              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
-              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
-              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
-                $timeout(function() {
-                  removeEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
-                }, 0, false);
-              });
-            }
-
-            var parentFormCtrl = ctrls[1] || controller.$$parentForm;
-            parentFormCtrl.$addControl(controller);
-
-            var setter = nameAttr ? getSetter(controller.$name) : noop;
-
-            if (nameAttr) {
-              setter(scope, controller);
-              attr.$observe(nameAttr, function(newValue) {
-                if (controller.$name === newValue) return;
-                setter(scope, undefined);
-                controller.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(controller, newValue);
-                setter = getSetter(controller.$name);
-                setter(scope, controller);
-              });
-            }
-            formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
-              controller.$$parentForm.$removeControl(controller);
-              setter(scope, undefined);
-              extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
-            });
-          }
-        };
-      }
-    };
-
-    return formDirective;
-
-    function getSetter(expression) {
-      if (expression === '') {
-        //create an assignable expression, so forms with an empty name can be renamed later
-        return $parse('this[""]').assign;
-      }
-      return $parse(expression).assign || noop;
-    }
-  }];
-};
-
-var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
-var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
-
-/* global VALID_CLASS: false,
-  INVALID_CLASS: false,
-  PRISTINE_CLASS: false,
-  DIRTY_CLASS: false,
-  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: false,
-  TOUCHED_CLASS: false,
-  ngModelMinErr: false,
-*/
-
-// Regex code was initially obtained from SO prior to modification: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3143070/javascript-regex-iso-datetime#answer-3143231
-var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /^\d{4,}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+(?:[+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)$/;
-// See valid URLs in RFC3987 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987)
-// Note: We are being more lenient, because browsers are too.
-//   1. Scheme
-//   2. Slashes
-//   3. Username
-//   4. Password
-//   5. Hostname
-//   6. Port
-//   7. Path
-//   8. Query
-//   9. Fragment
-//                 1111111111111111 222   333333    44444        555555555555555555555555    666     77777777     8888888     999
-var URL_REGEXP = /^[a-z][a-z\d.+-]*:\/*(?:[^:@]+(?::[^@]+)?@)?(?:[^\s:/?#]+|\[[a-f\d:]+\])(?::\d+)?(?:\/[^?#]*)?(?:\?[^#]*)?(?:#.*)?$/i;
-/* jshint maxlen:220 */
-var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^(?=.{1,254}$)(?=.{1,64}@)[-!#$%&'*+\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?)*$/;
-/* jshint maxlen:200 */
-var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))([eE][+-]?\d+)?\s*$/;
-var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
-var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
-var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-W(\d\d)$/;
-var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)$/;
-var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
-
-var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS = 'keydown wheel mousedown';
-var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES = createMap();
-forEach('date,datetime-local,month,time,week'.split(','), function(type) {
-  PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] = true;
-});
-
-var inputType = {
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[text]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding, inherited by most of the `input` elements.
-   *
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
-   *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
-   *    input.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.example = {
-                 text: 'guest',
-                 word: /^\s*\w*\s*$/
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>Single word:
-             <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="example.text"
-                    ng-pattern="example.word" required ng-trim="false">
-           </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-               Required!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
-               Single word only!</span>
-           </div>
-           <code>text = {{example.text}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var text = element(by.binding('example.text'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('example.text'));
-
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
-
-            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('hello world');
-
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'text': textInputType,
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc input
-     * @name input[date]
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
-     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
-     * expected input format via a placeholder or label.
-     *
-     * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-     * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-     *
-     * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-     * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-     *
-     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
-     *   valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
-     *   (e.g. `min="{{minDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add native HTML5
-     *   constraint validation.
-     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
-     *   a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
-     *   (e.g. `max="{{maxDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add native HTML5
-     *   constraint validation.
-     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
-     *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
-     *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-     * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-     *    interaction with the input element.
-     *
-     * @example
-     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
-            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-              $scope.example = {
-                value: new Date(2013, 9, 22)
-              };
-            }]);
-       </script>
-       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-          <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date in 2013:</label>
-          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
-          <div role="alert">
-            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-                Required!</span>
-            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
-                Not a valid date!</span>
-           </div>
-           <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-       </form>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
-        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-        var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
-
-        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-        function setInput(val) {
-          // set the value of the element and force validation.
-          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-          browser.executeScript(scr);
-        }
-
-        it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-        });
-
-        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-          setInput('');
-          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-        });
-
-        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-          setInput('2015-01-01');
-          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-        });
-     </file>
-     </example>
-     */
-  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
-         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
-         'yyyy-MM-dd'),
-
-   /**
-    * @ngdoc input
-    * @name input[datetime-local]
-    *
-    * @description
-    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57:00`.
-    *
-    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-    *
-    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-    *
-    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
-    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `min="{{minDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
-    *   Note that `min` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
-    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
-    *   Note that `max` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
-    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
-    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-    *    interaction with the input element.
-    *
-    * @example
-    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <script>
-        angular.module('dateExample', [])
-          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-            $scope.example = {
-              value: new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57)
-            };
-          }]);
-      </script>
-      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date between in 2013:</label>
-        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss" min="2001-01-01T00:00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00:00" required />
-        <div role="alert">
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
-              Not a valid date!</span>
-        </div>
-        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-      </form>
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
-
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
-      }
-
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57:00');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59:00');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-    </file>
-    </example>
-    */
-  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
-      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
-      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sss'),
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[time]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-   * the HTML5 time input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-   * local time format (HH:mm:ss), for example: `14:57:00`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
-   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1970, or local date `new Date(1970, 0, 1, HH, mm, ss)`.
-   *
-   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-   *
-   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
-   *   `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
-   *   `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
-   <file name="index.html">
-     <script>
-      angular.module('timeExample', [])
-        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.example = {
-            value: new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0)
-          };
-        }]);
-     </script>
-     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a time between 8am and 5pm:</label>
-        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-            placeholder="HH:mm:ss" min="08:00:00" max="17:00:00" required />
-        <div role="alert">
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
-              Not a valid date!</span>
-        </div>
-        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-     </form>
-   </file>
-   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
-
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
-      }
-
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57:00');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('23:59:00');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-   </file>
-   </example>
-   */
-  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
-      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
-     'HH:mm:ss.sss'),
-
-   /**
-    * @ngdoc input
-    * @name input[week]
-    *
-    * @description
-    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
-    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`.
-    *
-    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-    *
-    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-    *
-    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
-    *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
-    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
-    *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
-    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-    *    interaction with the input element.
-    *
-    * @example
-    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <script>
-      angular.module('weekExample', [])
-        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.example = {
-            value: new Date(2013, 0, 3)
-          };
-        }]);
-      </script>
-      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-        <label>Pick a date between in 2013:
-          <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-                 placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32"
-                 max="2013-W52" required />
-        </label>
-        <div role="alert">
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
-              Not a valid date!</span>
-        </div>
-        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-      </form>
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
-
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
-      }
-
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('2015-W01');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-    </file>
-    </example>
-    */
-  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[month]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`.
-   *
-   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-   * If the model is not set to the first of the month, the next view to model update will set it
-   * to the first of the month.
-   *
-   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-   *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-   *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
-   <file name="index.html">
-     <script>
-      angular.module('monthExample', [])
-        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.example = {
-            value: new Date(2013, 9, 1)
-          };
-        }]);
-     </script>
-     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-       <label for="exampleInput">Pick a month in 2013:</label>
-       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
-       <div role="alert">
-         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-            Required!</span>
-         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
-            Not a valid month!</span>
-       </div>
-       <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-     </form>
-   </file>
-   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
-
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
-      }
-
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('2015-01');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-   </file>
-   </example>
-   */
-  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
-     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
-     'yyyy-MM'),
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[number]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
-   * error if not a valid number.
-   *
-   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   * The model must always be of type `number` otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-   * Be aware that a string containing a number is not enough. See the {@link ngModel:numfmt}
-   * error docs for more information and an example of how to convert your model if necessary.
-   * </div>
-   *
-   * ## Issues with HTML5 constraint validation
-   *
-   * In browsers that follow the
-   * [HTML5 specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#number-state-%28type=number%29),
-   * `input[number]` does not work as expected with {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}.
-   * If a non-number is entered in the input, the browser will report the value as an empty string,
-   * which means the view / model values in `ngModel` and subsequently the scope value
-   * will also be an empty string.
-   *
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('numberExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.example = {
-                 value: 12
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>Number:
-             <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-                    min="0" max="99" required>
-          </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-               Required!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
-               Not valid number!</span>
-           </div>
-           <tt>value = {{example.value}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var value = element(by.binding('example.value'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
-
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
-            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('123');
-            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'number': numberInputType,
-
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[url]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
-   * valid URL.
-   *
-   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   * **Note:** `input[url]` uses a regex to validate urls that is derived from the regex
-   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation, you can use `ng-pattern` or modify
-   * the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
-   * </div>
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('urlExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.url = {
-                 text: 'http://google.com'
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>URL:
-             <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="url.text" required>
-           <label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-               Required!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
-               Not valid url!</span>
-           </div>
-           <tt>text = {{url.text}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var text = element(by.binding('url.text'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('url.text'));
-
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
-
-            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('box');
-
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'url': urlInputType,
-
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[email]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
-   * address.
-   *
-   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   * **Note:** `input[email]` uses a regex to validate email addresses that is derived from the regex
-   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation (e.g. requiring a top-level domain), you can
-   * use `ng-pattern` or modify the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
-   * </div>
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('emailExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.email = {
-                 text: 'me@example.com'
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-             <label>Email:
-               <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="email.text" required>
-             </label>
-             <div role="alert">
-               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-                 Required!</span>
-               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
-                 Not valid email!</span>
-             </div>
-             <tt>text = {{email.text}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
-           </form>
-         </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var text = element(by.binding('email.text'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('email.text'));
-
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
-            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-
-          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('xxx');
-
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'email': emailInputType,
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name filter
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The source array.
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   **Note**: If the array contains objects that reference themselves, filtering is not possible.
+ * </div>
+ * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
+ *   `array`.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `string`: The string is used for matching against the contents of the `array`. All strings or
+ *     objects with string properties in `array` that match this string will be returned. This also
+ *     applies to nested object properties.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
+ *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
+ *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
+ *     property name (`$` by default) can be used (e.g. as in `{$: "text"}`) to accept a match
+ *     against any property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the
+ *     simple substring match with a `string` as described above. The special property name can be
+ *     overwritten, using the `anyPropertyKey` parameter.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
+ *     not containing "M".
+ *
+ *     Note that a named property will match properties on the same level only, while the special
+ *     `$` property will match properties on the same level or deeper. E.g. an array item like
+ *     `{name: {first: 'John', last: 'Doe'}}` will **not** be matched by `{name: 'John'}`, but
+ *     **will** be matched by `{$: 'John'}`.
+ *
+ *   - `function(value, index, array)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters.
+ *     The function is called for each element of the array, with the element, its index, and
+ *     the entire array itself as arguments.
+ *
+ *     The final result is an array of those elements that the predicate returned true for.
+ *
+ * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|false} [comparator] Comparator which is used in
+ *     determining if values retrieved using `expression` (when it is not a function) should be
+ *     considered a match based on the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual
+ *     value (from the object in the array).
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
+ *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
+ *     should return true if both values should be considered equal.
+ *
+ *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(actual, expected)}`.
+ *     This is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
+ *
+ *   - `false`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in a case
+ *     insensitive way. Primitive values are converted to strings. Objects are not compared against
+ *     primitives, unless they have a custom `toString` method (e.g. `Date` objects).
+ *
+ *
+ *   Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} [anyPropertyKey] The special property name that matches against any property.
+ *     By default `$`.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
+                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
+                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
+                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
+                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
+                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
 
+       <label>Search: <input ng-model="searchText"></label>
+       <table id="searchTextResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
+           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+       <hr>
+       <label>Any: <input ng-model="search.$"></label> <br>
+       <label>Name only <input ng-model="search.name"></label><br>
+       <label>Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"></label><br>
+       <label>Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"></label><br>
+       <table id="searchObjResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
+           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
+         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
+           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
+             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
+           });
+         });
+       };
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[radio]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * HTML radio button.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string} value The value to which the `ngModel` expression should be set when selected.
-   *    Note that `value` only supports `string` values, i.e. the scope model needs to be a string,
-   *    too. Use `ngValue` if you need complex models (`number`, `object`, ...).
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   * @param {string} ngValue Angular expression to which `ngModel` will be be set when the radio
-   *    is selected. Should be used instead of the `value` attribute if you need
-   *    a non-string `ngModel` (`boolean`, `array`, ...).
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('radioExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.color = {
-                 name: 'blue'
-               };
-               $scope.specialValue = {
-                 "id": "12345",
-                 "value": "green"
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>
-             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="red">
-             Red
-           </label><br/>
-           <label>
-             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" ng-value="specialValue">
-             Green
-           </label><br/>
-           <label>
-             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="blue">
-             Blue
-           </label><br/>
-           <tt>color = {{color.name | json}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          it('should change state', function() {
-            var color = element(by.binding('color.name'));
+       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
+         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('m');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');
 
-            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('76');
+         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
+       });
 
-            element.all(by.model('color.name')).get(0).click();
+       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
+         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
+         searchAny.clear();
+         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
+         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
+         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
+         searchName.clear();
+         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
+         strict.click();
+         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
 
-            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'radio': radioInputType,
+function filterFilter() {
+  return function(array, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey) {
+    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
+      if (array == null) {
+        return array;
+      } else {
+        throw minErr('filter')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
+      }
+    }
 
+    anyPropertyKey = anyPropertyKey || '$';
+    var expressionType = getTypeForFilter(expression);
+    var predicateFn;
+    var matchAgainstAnyProp;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[checkbox]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * HTML checkbox.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
-   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.checkboxModel = {
-                value1 : true,
-                value2 : 'YES'
-              };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>Value1:
-             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value1">
-           </label><br/>
-           <label>Value2:
-             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value2"
-                    ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'">
-            </label><br/>
-           <tt>value1 = {{checkboxModel.value1}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>value2 = {{checkboxModel.value2}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          it('should change state', function() {
-            var value1 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value1'));
-            var value2 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value2'));
+    switch (expressionType) {
+      case 'function':
+        predicateFn = expression;
+        break;
+      case 'boolean':
+      case 'null':
+      case 'number':
+      case 'string':
+        matchAgainstAnyProp = true;
+        // falls through
+      case 'object':
+        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+        break;
+      default:
+        return array;
+    }
 
-            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
-            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');
+    return Array.prototype.filter.call(array, predicateFn);
+  };
+}
 
-            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value1')).click();
-            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value2')).click();
+// Helper functions for `filterFilter`
+function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && (anyPropertyKey in expression);
+  var predicateFn;
 
-            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
-            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
+  if (comparator === true) {
+    comparator = equals;
+  } else if (!isFunction(comparator)) {
+    comparator = function(actual, expected) {
+      if (isUndefined(actual)) {
+        // No substring matching against `undefined`
+        return false;
+      }
+      if ((actual === null) || (expected === null)) {
+        // No substring matching against `null`; only match against `null`
+        return actual === expected;
+      }
+      if (isObject(expected) || (isObject(actual) && !hasCustomToString(actual))) {
+        // Should not compare primitives against objects, unless they have custom `toString` method
+        return false;
+      }
 
-  'hidden': noop,
-  'button': noop,
-  'submit': noop,
-  'reset': noop,
-  'file': noop
-};
+      actual = lowercase('' + actual);
+      expected = lowercase('' + expected);
+      return actual.indexOf(expected) !== -1;
+    };
+  }
 
-function stringBasedInputType(ctrl) {
-  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? value : value.toString();
-  });
-}
+  predicateFn = function(item) {
+    if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expression[anyPropertyKey], comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
+    }
+    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  };
 
-function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+  return predicateFn;
 }
 
-function baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  var type = lowercase(element[0].type);
-
-  // In composition mode, users are still inputing intermediate text buffer,
-  // hold the listener until composition is done.
-  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
-  if (!$sniffer.android) {
-    var composing = false;
-
-    element.on('compositionstart', function() {
-      composing = true;
-    });
+function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
+  var actualType = getTypeForFilter(actual);
+  var expectedType = getTypeForFilter(expected);
 
-    element.on('compositionend', function() {
-      composing = false;
-      listener();
+  if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
+    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  } else if (isArray(actual)) {
+    // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
+    // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
+    return actual.some(function(item) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
     });
   }
 
-  var timeout;
-
-  var listener = function(ev) {
-    if (timeout) {
-      $browser.defer.cancel(timeout);
-      timeout = null;
-    }
-    if (composing) return;
-    var value = element.val(),
-        event = ev && ev.type;
-
-    // By default we will trim the value
-    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
-    // If input type is 'password', the value is never trimmed
-    if (type !== 'password' && (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false')) {
-      value = trim(value);
-    }
-
-    // If a control is suffering from bad input (due to native validators), browsers discard its
-    // value, so it may be necessary to revalidate (by calling $setViewValue again) even if the
-    // control's value is the same empty value twice in a row.
-    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
-      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event);
-    }
-  };
+  switch (actualType) {
+    case 'object':
+      var key;
+      if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+        for (key in actual) {
+          // Under certain, rare, circumstances, key may not be a string and `charAt` will be undefined
+          // See: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/15644
+          if (key.charAt && (key.charAt(0) !== '$') &&
+              deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, true)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
+      } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
+        for (key in expected) {
+          var expectedVal = expected[key];
+          if (isFunction(expectedVal) || isUndefined(expectedVal)) {
+            continue;
+          }
 
-  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
-  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
-  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
-    element.on('input', listener);
-  } else {
-    var deferListener = function(ev, input, origValue) {
-      if (!timeout) {
-        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
-          timeout = null;
-          if (!input || input.value !== origValue) {
-            listener(ev);
+          var matchAnyProperty = key === anyPropertyKey;
+          var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
+          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
+            return false;
           }
-        });
+        }
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return comparator(actual, expected);
       }
-    };
-
-    element.on('keydown', function(event) {
-      var key = event.keyCode;
+    case 'function':
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return comparator(actual, expected);
+  }
+}
 
-      // ignore
-      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
-      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
+// Used for easily differentiating between `null` and actual `object`
+function getTypeForFilter(val) {
+  return (val === null) ? 'null' : typeof val;
+}
 
-      deferListener(event, this, this.value);
-    });
+var MAX_DIGITS = 22;
+var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
+var ZERO_CHAR = '0';
 
-    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste" and "cut" events to catch it
-    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
-      element.on('paste cut', deferListener);
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name currency
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
+ * symbol for current locale is used.
+ *
+ * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
+ * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
+ * @param {number=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the amount to, defaults to default max fraction size for current locale
+ * @returns {string} Formatted number.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="currencyExample" name="currency-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="number" ng-model="amount" aria-label="amount"> <br>
+         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
+         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span id="currency-custom">{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span><br>
+         no fractions (0): <span id="currency-no-fractions">{{amount | currency:"USD$":0}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,235');
+       });
+       it('should update', function() {
+         if (browser.params.browser === 'safari') {
+           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
+           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
+           return;
+         }
+         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
+         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('-$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function currencyFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize) {
+    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) {
+      currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
     }
-  }
 
-  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
-  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
-  element.on('change', listener);
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = formats.PATTERNS[1].maxFrac;
+    }
 
-  // Some native input types (date-family) have the ability to change validity without
-  // firing any input/change events.
-  // For these event types, when native validators are present and the browser supports the type,
-  // check for validity changes on various DOM events.
-  if (PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && type === attr.type) {
-    element.on(PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS, function(ev) {
-      if (!timeout) {
-        var validity = this[VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY];
-        var origBadInput = validity.badInput;
-        var origTypeMismatch = validity.typeMismatch;
-        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
-          timeout = null;
-          if (validity.badInput !== origBadInput || validity.typeMismatch !== origTypeMismatch) {
-            listener(ev);
-          }
-        });
-      }
-    });
-  }
+    // If the currency symbol is empty, trim whitespace around the symbol
+    var currencySymbolRe = !currencySymbol ? /\s*\u00A4\s*/g : /\u00A4/g;
 
-  ctrl.$render = function() {
-    // Workaround for Firefox validation #12102.
-    var value = ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue;
-    if (element.val() !== value) {
-      element.val(value);
-    }
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (amount == null)
+        ? amount
+        : formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize).
+            replace(currencySymbolRe, currencySymbol);
   };
 }
 
-function weekParser(isoWeek, existingDate) {
-  if (isDate(isoWeek)) {
-    return isoWeek;
-  }
-
-  if (isString(isoWeek)) {
-    WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
-    var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
-    if (parts) {
-      var year = +parts[1],
-          week = +parts[2],
-          hours = 0,
-          minutes = 0,
-          seconds = 0,
-          milliseconds = 0,
-          firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
-          addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
-
-      if (existingDate) {
-        hours = existingDate.getHours();
-        minutes = existingDate.getMinutes();
-        seconds = existingDate.getSeconds();
-        milliseconds = existingDate.getMilliseconds();
-      }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name number
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as text.
+ *
+ * If the input is null or undefined, it will just be returned.
+ * If the input is infinite (Infinity or -Infinity), the Infinity symbol '∞' or '-∞' is returned, respectively.
+ * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
+ * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
+ * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
+ * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
+ * @returns {string} Number rounded to `fractionSize` appropriately formatted based on the current
+ *                   locale (e.g., in the en_US locale it will have "." as the decimal separator and
+ *                   include "," group separators after each third digit).
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="numberFilterExample" name="number-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>Enter number: <input ng-model='val'></label><br>
+         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
+         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
+         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format numbers', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
+       });
 
-      return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds);
-    }
-  }
+       it('should update', function() {
+         element(by.model('val')).clear();
+         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function numberFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(number, fractionSize) {
 
-  return NaN;
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (number == null)
+        ? number
+        : formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
+                       fractionSize);
+  };
 }
 
-function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
-  return function(iso, date) {
-    var parts, map;
+/**
+ * Parse a number (as a string) into three components that can be used
+ * for formatting the number.
+ *
+ * (Significant bits of this parse algorithm came from https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/)
+ *
+ * @param  {string} numStr The number to parse
+ * @return {object} An object describing this number, containing the following keys:
+ *  - d : an array of digits containing leading zeros as necessary
+ *  - i : the number of the digits in `d` that are to the left of the decimal point
+ *  - e : the exponent for numbers that would need more than `MAX_DIGITS` digits in `d`
+ *
+ */
+function parse(numStr) {
+  var exponent = 0, digits, numberOfIntegerDigits;
+  var i, j, zeros;
 
-    if (isDate(iso)) {
-      return iso;
-    }
+  // Decimal point?
+  if ((numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.indexOf(DECIMAL_SEP)) > -1) {
+    numStr = numStr.replace(DECIMAL_SEP, '');
+  }
 
-    if (isString(iso)) {
-      // When a date is JSON'ified to wraps itself inside of an extra
-      // set of double quotes. This makes the date parsing code unable
-      // to match the date string and parse it as a date.
-      if (iso.charAt(0) == '"' && iso.charAt(iso.length - 1) == '"') {
-        iso = iso.substring(1, iso.length - 1);
-      }
-      if (ISO_DATE_REGEXP.test(iso)) {
-        return new Date(iso);
-      }
-      regexp.lastIndex = 0;
-      parts = regexp.exec(iso);
+  // Exponential form?
+  if ((i = numStr.search(/e/i)) > 0) {
+    // Work out the exponent.
+    if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) numberOfIntegerDigits = i;
+    numberOfIntegerDigits += +numStr.slice(i + 1);
+    numStr = numStr.substring(0, i);
+  } else if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) {
+    // There was no decimal point or exponent so it is an integer.
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.length;
+  }
 
-      if (parts) {
-        parts.shift();
-        if (date) {
-          map = {
-            yyyy: date.getFullYear(),
-            MM: date.getMonth() + 1,
-            dd: date.getDate(),
-            HH: date.getHours(),
-            mm: date.getMinutes(),
-            ss: date.getSeconds(),
-            sss: date.getMilliseconds() / 1000
-          };
-        } else {
-          map = { yyyy: 1970, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0, ss: 0, sss: 0 };
-        }
+  // Count the number of leading zeros.
+  for (i = 0; numStr.charAt(i) === ZERO_CHAR; i++) { /* empty */ }
 
-        forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
-          if (index < mapping.length) {
-            map[mapping[index]] = +part;
-          }
-        });
-        return new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm, map.ss || 0, map.sss * 1000 || 0);
-      }
+  if (i === (zeros = numStr.length)) {
+    // The digits are all zero.
+    digits = [0];
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
+  } else {
+    // Count the number of trailing zeros
+    zeros--;
+    while (numStr.charAt(zeros) === ZERO_CHAR) zeros--;
+
+    // Trailing zeros are insignificant so ignore them
+    numberOfIntegerDigits -= i;
+    digits = [];
+    // Convert string to array of digits without leading/trailing zeros.
+    for (j = 0; i <= zeros; i++, j++) {
+      digits[j] = +numStr.charAt(i);
     }
+  }
 
-    return NaN;
-  };
+  // If the number overflows the maximum allowed digits then use an exponent.
+  if (numberOfIntegerDigits > MAX_DIGITS) {
+    digits = digits.splice(0, MAX_DIGITS - 1);
+    exponent = numberOfIntegerDigits - 1;
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
+  }
+
+  return { d: digits, e: exponent, i: numberOfIntegerDigits };
 }
 
-function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
-  return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter) {
-    badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
-    baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-    var timezone = ctrl && ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.timezone;
-    var previousDate;
+/**
+ * Round the parsed number to the specified number of decimal places
+ * This function changed the parsedNumber in-place
+ */
+function roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, minFrac, maxFrac) {
+    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
+    var fractionLen = digits.length - parsedNumber.i;
 
-    ctrl.$$parserName = type;
-    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-      if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) return null;
-      if (regexp.test(value)) {
-        // Note: We cannot read ctrl.$modelValue, as there might be a different
-        // parser/formatter in the processing chain so that the model
-        // contains some different data format!
-        var parsedDate = parseDate(value, previousDate);
-        if (timezone) {
-          parsedDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(parsedDate, timezone);
-        }
-        return parsedDate;
-      }
-      return undefined;
-    });
+    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified; `+fractionSize` converts it to a number
+    fractionSize = (isUndefined(fractionSize)) ? Math.min(Math.max(minFrac, fractionLen), maxFrac) : +fractionSize;
 
-    ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-      if (value && !isDate(value)) {
-        throw ngModelMinErr('datefmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a date', value);
+    // The index of the digit to where rounding is to occur
+    var roundAt = fractionSize + parsedNumber.i;
+    var digit = digits[roundAt];
+
+    if (roundAt > 0) {
+      // Drop fractional digits beyond `roundAt`
+      digits.splice(Math.max(parsedNumber.i, roundAt));
+
+      // Set non-fractional digits beyond `roundAt` to 0
+      for (var j = roundAt; j < digits.length; j++) {
+        digits[j] = 0;
       }
-      if (isValidDate(value)) {
-        previousDate = value;
-        if (previousDate && timezone) {
-          previousDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(previousDate, timezone, true);
+    } else {
+      // We rounded to zero so reset the parsedNumber
+      fractionLen = Math.max(0, fractionLen);
+      parsedNumber.i = 1;
+      digits.length = Math.max(1, roundAt = fractionSize + 1);
+      digits[0] = 0;
+      for (var i = 1; i < roundAt; i++) digits[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (digit >= 5) {
+      if (roundAt - 1 < 0) {
+        for (var k = 0; k > roundAt; k--) {
+          digits.unshift(0);
+          parsedNumber.i++;
         }
-        return $filter('date')(value, format, timezone);
+        digits.unshift(1);
+        parsedNumber.i++;
       } else {
-        previousDate = null;
-        return '';
+        digits[roundAt - 1]++;
       }
-    });
-
-    if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
-      var minVal;
-      ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
-        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || parseDate(value) >= minVal;
-      };
-      attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
-        minVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
-        ctrl.$validate();
-      });
     }
 
-    if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
-      var maxVal;
-      ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
-        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || parseDate(value) <= maxVal;
-      };
-      attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
-        maxVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
-        ctrl.$validate();
-      });
-    }
+    // Pad out with zeros to get the required fraction length
+    for (; fractionLen < Math.max(0, fractionSize); fractionLen++) digits.push(0);
 
-    function isValidDate(value) {
-      // Invalid Date: getTime() returns NaN
-      return value && !(value.getTime && value.getTime() !== value.getTime());
-    }
 
-    function parseObservedDateValue(val) {
-      return isDefined(val) && !isDate(val) ? parseDate(val) || undefined : val;
+    // Do any carrying, e.g. a digit was rounded up to 10
+    var carry = digits.reduceRight(function(carry, d, i, digits) {
+      d = d + carry;
+      digits[i] = d % 10;
+      return Math.floor(d / 10);
+    }, 0);
+    if (carry) {
+      digits.unshift(carry);
+      parsedNumber.i++;
     }
-  };
 }
 
-function badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-  var node = element[0];
-  var nativeValidation = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = isObject(node.validity);
-  if (nativeValidation) {
-    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-      var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY) || {};
-      return validity.badInput || validity.typeMismatch ? undefined : value;
-    });
-  }
-}
+/**
+ * Format a number into a string
+ * @param  {number} number       The number to format
+ * @param  {{
+ *           minFrac, // the minimum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
+ *           maxFrac, // the maximum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
+ *           gSize,   // number of digits in each group of separated digits
+ *           lgSize,  // number of digits in the last group of digits before the decimal separator
+ *           negPre,  // the string to go in front of a negative number (e.g. `-` or `(`))
+ *           posPre,  // the string to go in front of a positive number
+ *           negSuf,  // the string to go after a negative number (e.g. `)`)
+ *           posSuf   // the string to go after a positive number
+ *         }} pattern
+ * @param  {string} groupSep     The string to separate groups of number (e.g. `,`)
+ * @param  {string} decimalSep   The string to act as the decimal separator (e.g. `.`)
+ * @param  {[type]} fractionSize The size of the fractional part of the number
+ * @return {string}              The number formatted as a string
+ */
+function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
 
-function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  if (!(isString(number) || isNumber(number)) || isNaN(number)) return '';
 
-  ctrl.$$parserName = 'number';
-  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value))      return null;
-    if (NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) return parseFloat(value);
-    return undefined;
-  });
+  var isInfinity = !isFinite(number);
+  var isZero = false;
+  var numStr = Math.abs(number) + '',
+      formattedText = '',
+      parsedNumber;
 
-  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-    if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
-      if (!isNumber(value)) {
-        throw ngModelMinErr('numfmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a number', value);
-      }
-      value = value.toString();
+  if (isInfinity) {
+    formattedText = '\u221e';
+  } else {
+    parsedNumber = parse(numStr);
+
+    roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, pattern.minFrac, pattern.maxFrac);
+
+    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
+    var integerLen = parsedNumber.i;
+    var exponent = parsedNumber.e;
+    var decimals = [];
+    isZero = digits.reduce(function(isZero, d) { return isZero && !d; }, true);
+
+    // pad zeros for small numbers
+    while (integerLen < 0) {
+      digits.unshift(0);
+      integerLen++;
     }
-    return value;
-  });
 
-  if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
-    var minVal;
-    ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
-      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || value >= minVal;
-    };
+    // extract decimals digits
+    if (integerLen > 0) {
+      decimals = digits.splice(integerLen, digits.length);
+    } else {
+      decimals = digits;
+      digits = [0];
+    }
 
-    attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
-      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
-        val = parseFloat(val);
-      }
-      minVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
-      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
-      ctrl.$validate();
-    });
-  }
+    // format the integer digits with grouping separators
+    var groups = [];
+    if (digits.length >= pattern.lgSize) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.lgSize, digits.length).join(''));
+    }
+    while (digits.length > pattern.gSize) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.gSize, digits.length).join(''));
+    }
+    if (digits.length) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.join(''));
+    }
+    formattedText = groups.join(groupSep);
 
-  if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
-    var maxVal;
-    ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
-      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || value <= maxVal;
-    };
+    // append the decimal digits
+    if (decimals.length) {
+      formattedText += decimalSep + decimals.join('');
+    }
 
-    attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
-      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
-        val = parseFloat(val);
-      }
-      maxVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
-      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
-      ctrl.$validate();
-    });
+    if (exponent) {
+      formattedText += 'e+' + exponent;
+    }
+  }
+  if (number < 0 && !isZero) {
+    return pattern.negPre + formattedText + pattern.negSuf;
+  } else {
+    return pattern.posPre + formattedText + pattern.posSuf;
   }
 }
 
-function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
-  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
-
-  ctrl.$$parserName = 'url';
-  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
-    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
-  };
+function padNumber(num, digits, trim, negWrap) {
+  var neg = '';
+  if (num < 0 || (negWrap && num <= 0)) {
+    if (negWrap) {
+      num = -num + 1;
+    } else {
+      num = -num;
+      neg = '-';
+    }
+  }
+  num = '' + num;
+  while (num.length < digits) num = ZERO_CHAR + num;
+  if (trim) {
+    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
+  }
+  return neg + num;
 }
 
-function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
-  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
 
-  ctrl.$$parserName = 'email';
-  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
-    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
+function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim, negWrap) {
+  offset = offset || 0;
+  return function(date) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset) {
+      value += offset;
+    }
+    if (value === 0 && offset === -12) value = 12;
+    return padNumber(value, size, trim, negWrap);
   };
 }
 
-function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-  // make the name unique, if not defined
-  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
-    element.attr('name', nextUid());
-  }
+function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm, standAlone) {
+  return function(date, formats) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    var propPrefix = (standAlone ? 'STANDALONE' : '') + (shortForm ? 'SHORT' : '');
+    var get = uppercase(propPrefix + name);
 
-  var listener = function(ev) {
-    if (element[0].checked) {
-      ctrl.$setViewValue(attr.value, ev && ev.type);
-    }
+    return formats[get][value];
   };
+}
 
-  element.on('click', listener);
+function timeZoneGetter(date, formats, offset) {
+  var zone = -1 * offset;
+  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? '+' : '';
 
-  ctrl.$render = function() {
-    var value = attr.value;
-    element[0].checked = (value == ctrl.$viewValue);
-  };
+  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
+                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
 
-  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
+  return paddedZone;
 }
 
-function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
-  var parseFn;
-  if (isDefined(expression)) {
-    parseFn = $parse(expression);
-    if (!parseFn.constant) {
-      throw ngModelMinErr('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
-                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
-    }
-    return parseFn(context);
-  }
-  return fallback;
+function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
+    // 0 = index of January
+    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
+    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
+    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
+    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
 }
 
-function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
-  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
-  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);
-
-  var listener = function(ev) {
-    ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
-  };
+function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
+    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
+      // 4 = index of Thursday
+      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
+}
 
-  element.on('click', listener);
+function weekGetter(size) {
+   return function(date) {
+      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
+         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);
 
-  ctrl.$render = function() {
-    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
-  };
+      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
+         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week
 
-  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because the $viewValue of an empty checkbox is always set to `false`
-  // This is because of the parser below, which compares the `$modelValue` with `trueValue` to convert
-  // it to a boolean.
-  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-    return value === false;
-  };
+      return padNumber(result, size);
+   };
+}
 
-  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-    return equals(value, trueValue);
-  });
+function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
+}
 
-  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
-  });
+function eraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERAS[0] : formats.ERAS[1];
 }
 
+function longEraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERANAMES[0] : formats.ERANAMES[1];
+}
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name textarea
- * @restrict E
- *
- * @description
- * HTML textarea element control with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
- * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
- * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
- *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
- * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
- * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
- * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
- *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
- *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
- * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
- *    minlength.
- * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
- *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
- *    length.
- * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
- *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
- *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
- *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
- *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
- *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
- *    account.
- * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
- *    interaction with the input element.
- * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
- */
+var DATE_FORMATS = {
+  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4, 0, false, true),
+    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true, true),
+     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1, 0, false, true),
+  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
+   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
+    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
+     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
+  LLLL: dateStrGetter('Month', false, true),
+    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
+     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
+    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
+     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
+    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
+     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
+    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
+     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
+    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
+     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
+     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
+     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
+   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
+  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
+   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
+     a: ampmGetter,
+     Z: timeZoneGetter,
+    ww: weekGetter(2),
+     w: weekGetter(1),
+     G: eraGetter,
+     GG: eraGetter,
+     GGG: eraGetter,
+     GGGG: longEraGetter
+};
 
+var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMLdHhmsaZEwG']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|L+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|G+|w+))([\s\S]*)/,
+    NUMBER_STRING = /^-?\d+$/;
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name input
- * @restrict E
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name date
+ * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * HTML input element control. When used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`}, it provides data-binding,
- * input state control, and validation.
- * Input control follows HTML5 input types and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** Not every feature offered is available for all input types.
- * Specifically, data binding and event handling via `ng-model` is unsupported for `input[file]`.
- * </div>
+ *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
  *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
- * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
- * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
- * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
- * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
- *    minlength.
- * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
- *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
- *    length.
- * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
- *    value does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
- *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
- *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
- *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
- *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
- *    account.
- * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
- *    interaction with the input element.
- * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
- *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
- *    input.
+ *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
  *
- * @example
-    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
-      <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-          angular.module('inputExample', [])
-            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
-            }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <form name="myForm">
-           <label>
-              User name:
-              <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
-           </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-           </div>
-           <label>
-              Last name:
-              <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
-              ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
-           </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
-               Too short!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
-               Too long!</span>
-           </div>
-         </form>
-         <hr>
-         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br/>
-       </div>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        var user = element(by.exactBinding('user'));
-        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
-        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
-        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
-        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
-        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
-        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));
+ *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
+ *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
+ *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
+ *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
+ *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
+ *   * `'LLLL'`: Stand-alone month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
+ *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
+ *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
+ *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
+ *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
+ *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
+ *   * `'hh'`: Hour in AM/PM, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'h'`: Hour in AM/PM, (1-12)
+ *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
+ *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
+ *   * `'sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
+ *   * `'a'`: AM/PM marker
+ *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
+ *   * `'ww'`: Week of year, padded (00-53). Week 01 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'w'`: Week of year (0-53). Week 1 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'G'`, `'GG'`, `'GGG'`: The abbreviated form of the era string (e.g. 'AD')
+ *   * `'GGGG'`: The long form of the era string (e.g. 'Anno Domini')
+ *
+ *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
+ *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
+ *
+ *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
+ *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 PM)
+ *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
+ *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
+ *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 PM)
+ *
+ *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be escaped by surrounding with single quotes (e.g.
+ *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output a single quote, escape it - i.e., two single quotes in a sequence
+ *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
+ *
+ *   Any other characters in the `format` string will be output as-is.
+ *
+ * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
+ *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ and its
+ *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
+ *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
+ * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
+ *    `mediumDate` is used.
+ * @param {string=} timezone Timezone to be used for formatting. It understands UTC/GMT and the
+ *    continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
+ *    example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
+ *    If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-date">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
+           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span><br>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format date', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/2010-10-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (-|\+)?\d{4}/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:\"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma\"")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 at \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function dateFilter($locale) {
 
-        it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
-          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-        });
 
-        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
-          userNameInput.clear();
-          userNameInput.sendKeys('');
+  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
+                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
+  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
+    var match;
+    if ((match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR))) {
+      var date = new Date(0),
+          tzHour = 0,
+          tzMin  = 0,
+          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
+          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
-          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
+      if (match[9]) {
+        tzHour = toInt(match[9] + match[10]);
+        tzMin = toInt(match[9] + match[11]);
+      }
+      dateSetter.call(date, toInt(match[1]), toInt(match[2]) - 1, toInt(match[3]));
+      var h = toInt(match[4] || 0) - tzHour;
+      var m = toInt(match[5] || 0) - tzMin;
+      var s = toInt(match[6] || 0);
+      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7] || 0)) * 1000);
+      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
+      return date;
+    }
+    return string;
+  }
 
-        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
-          userLastInput.clear();
-          userLastInput.sendKeys('');
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
-          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-        });
+  return function(date, format, timezone) {
+    var text = '',
+        parts = [],
+        fn, match;
 
-        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
-          userLastInput.clear();
-          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');
+    format = format || 'mediumDate';
+    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
+    if (isString(date)) {
+      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? toInt(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
+    }
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
-          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
+    if (isNumber(date)) {
+      date = new Date(date);
+    }
 
-        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
-          userLastInput.clear();
-          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');
+    if (!isDate(date) || !isFinite(date.getTime())) {
+      return date;
+    }
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
-          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
-var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
-    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'E',
-    require: ['?ngModel'],
-    link: {
-      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
-        if (ctrls[0]) {
-          (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
-                                                              $browser, $filter, $parse);
-        }
+    while (format) {
+      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
+      if (match) {
+        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
+        format = parts.pop();
+      } else {
+        parts.push(format);
+        format = null;
       }
     }
-  };
-}];
 
+    var dateTimezoneOffset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
+    if (timezone) {
+      dateTimezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, dateTimezoneOffset);
+      date = convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, true);
+    }
+    forEach(parts, function(value) {
+      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
+      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS, dateTimezoneOffset)
+                 : value === '\'\'' ? '\'' : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, '\'');
+    });
+
+    return text;
+  };
+}
 
 
-var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngValue
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name json
+ * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Binds the given expression to the value of `<option>` or {@link input[radio] `input[radio]`},
- * so that when the element is selected, the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} of that element is set to
- * the bound value.
+ *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
  *
- * `ngValue` is useful when dynamically generating lists of radio buttons using
- * {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as shown below.
+ *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
+ *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
  *
- * Likewise, `ngValue` can be used to generate `<option>` elements for
- * the {@link select `select`} element. In that case however, only strings are supported
- * for the `value `attribute, so the resulting `ngModel` will always be a string.
- * Support for `select` models with non-string values is available via `ngOptions`.
+ * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
+ * @param {number=} spacing The number of spaces to use per indentation, defaults to 2.
+ * @returns {string} JSON string.
  *
- * @element input
- * @param {string=} ngValue angular expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
- *   of the `input` element
  *
  * @example
-    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
-      <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-          angular.module('valueExample', [])
-            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
-              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
-            }]);
-       </script>
-        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
-          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
-            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
-              {{name}}
-              <input type="radio"
-                     ng-model="my.favorite"
-                     ng-value="name"
-                     id="{{name}}"
-                     name="favorite">
-            </label>
-          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
-        </form>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));
-
-        it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
-        });
-        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
-          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
-          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
+   <example name="filter-json">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <pre id="default-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
+       <pre id="custom-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json:4 }}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('default-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n {2}"name": ?"value"\n}/);
+         expect(element(by.id('custom-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n {4}"name": ?"value"\n}/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
  */
-var ngValueDirective = function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    priority: 100,
-    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
-      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
-        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
-          attr.$set('value', scope.$eval(attr.ngValue));
-        };
-      } else {
-        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
-          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
-            attr.$set('value', value);
-          });
-        };
-      }
+function jsonFilter() {
+  return function(object, spacing) {
+    if (isUndefined(spacing)) {
+        spacing = 2;
     }
+    return toJson(object, spacing);
   };
-};
+}
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBind
- * @restrict AC
- *
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name lowercase
+ * @kind function
  * @description
- * The `ngBind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
- * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
- * expression changes.
- *
- * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
- * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
- *
- * It is preferable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` if a template is momentarily
- * displayed by the browser in its raw state before Angular compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
- * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
- *
- * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
- * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
- *
+ * Converts string to lowercase.
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ * See the {@link ng.uppercase uppercase filter documentation} for a functionally identical example.
  *
+ * @see angular.lowercase
+ */
+var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name uppercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to uppercase.
  * @example
- * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
-   <example module="bindExample">
+   <example module="uppercaseFilterExample" name="filter-uppercase">
      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
-         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+         angular.module('uppercaseFilterExample', [])
            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.name = 'Whirled';
+             $scope.title = 'This is a title';
            }]);
        </script>
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <label>Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
-         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
+         <!-- This title should be formatted normally -->
+         <h1>{{title}}</h1>
+         <!-- This title should be capitalized -->
+         <h1>{{title | uppercase}}</h1>
        </div>
      </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
-         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
-
-         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('Whirled');
-         nameInput.clear();
-         nameInput.sendKeys('world');
-         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('world');
-       });
-     </file>
    </example>
  */
-var ngBindDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'AC',
-    compile: function ngBindCompile(templateElement) {
-      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
-      return function ngBindLink(scope, element, attr) {
-        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBind);
-        element = element[0];
-        scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
-          element.textContent = isUndefined(value) ? '' : value;
-        });
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
-
+var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBindTemplate
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name limitTo
+ * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
- * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
- * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
- * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
- * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
- * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
+ * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements are
+ * taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
+ * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. Other array-like objects are also supported
+ * (e.g. array subclasses, NodeLists, jqLite/jQuery collections etc). If a number is used as input,
+ * it is converted to a string.
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
- *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike|string|number} input - Array/array-like, string or number to be limited.
+ * @param {string|number} limit - The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
+ *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
+ *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
+ *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`. If `limit` is undefined,
+ *     the input will be returned unchanged.
+ * @param {(string|number)=} begin - Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index,
+ *     `begin` indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
+ * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if the input had
+ *     less than `limit` elements.
  *
  * @example
- * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
-   <example module="bindExample">
+   <example module="limitToExample" name="limit-to-filter">
      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
-         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
-             $scope.name = 'World';
+             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
+             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
+             $scope.longNumber = 2345432342;
+             $scope.numLimit = 3;
+             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
+             $scope.longNumberLimit = 3;
            }]);
        </script>
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <label>Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"></label><br>
-        <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
-        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{numbers}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="numLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{letters}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="letterLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{longNumber}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="longNumberLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output long number: {{ longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit }}</p>
        </div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
-         var salutationElem = element(by.binding('salutation'));
-         var salutationInput = element(by.model('salutation'));
-         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
+       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
+       var longNumberLimitInput = element(by.model('longNumberLimit'));
+       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
+       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));
+       var limitedLongNumber = element(by.binding('longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit'));
 
-         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Hello World!');
+       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
+         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(longNumberLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 234');
+       });
 
-         salutationInput.clear();
-         salutationInput.sendKeys('Greetings');
-         nameInput.clear();
-         nameInput.sendKeys('user');
+       // There is a bug in safari and protractor that doesn't like the minus key
+       // it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
+       //   numLimitInput.clear();
+       //   numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   letterLimitInput.clear();
+       //   letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
+       //   expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
+       //   expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 342');
+       // });
 
-         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Greetings user!');
+       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
+         numLimitInput.clear();
+         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         letterLimitInput.clear();
+         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+         longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 2345432342');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
- */
-var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', '$compile', function($interpolate, $compile) {
-  return {
-    compile: function ngBindTemplateCompile(templateElement) {
-      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
-      return function ngBindTemplateLink(scope, element, attr) {
-        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
-        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, interpolateFn.expressions);
-        element = element[0];
-        attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
-          element.textContent = isUndefined(value) ? '' : value;
-        });
-      };
+*/
+function limitToFilter() {
+  return function(input, limit, begin) {
+    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
+      limit = Number(limit);
+    } else {
+      limit = toInt(limit);
+    }
+    if (isNumberNaN(limit)) return input;
+
+    if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
+    if (!isArrayLike(input)) return input;
+
+    begin = (!begin || isNaN(begin)) ? 0 : toInt(begin);
+    begin = (begin < 0) ? Math.max(0, input.length + begin) : begin;
+
+    if (limit >= 0) {
+      return sliceFn(input, begin, begin + limit);
+    } else {
+      if (begin === 0) {
+        return sliceFn(input, limit, input.length);
+      } else {
+        return sliceFn(input, Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
+      }
     }
   };
-}];
+}
+
+function sliceFn(input, begin, end) {
+  if (isString(input)) return input.slice(begin, end);
 
+  return slice.call(input, begin, end);
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBindHtml
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name orderBy
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns an array containing the items from the specified `collection`, ordered by a `comparator`
+ * function based on the values computed using the `expression` predicate.
+ *
+ * For example, `[{id: 'foo'}, {id: 'bar'}] | orderBy:'id'` would result in
+ * `[{id: 'bar'}, {id: 'foo'}]`.
+ *
+ * The `collection` can be an Array or array-like object (e.g. NodeList, jQuery object, TypedArray,
+ * String, etc).
+ *
+ * The `expression` can be a single predicate, or a list of predicates each serving as a tie-breaker
+ * for the preceding one. The `expression` is evaluated against each item and the output is used
+ * for comparing with other items.
+ *
+ * You can change the sorting order by setting `reverse` to `true`. By default, items are sorted in
+ * ascending order.
+ *
+ * The comparison is done using the `comparator` function. If none is specified, a default, built-in
+ * comparator is used (see below for details - in a nutshell, it compares numbers numerically and
+ * strings alphabetically).
+ *
+ * ### Under the hood
+ *
+ * Ordering the specified `collection` happens in two phases:
+ *
+ * 1. All items are passed through the predicate (or predicates), and the returned values are saved
+ *    along with their type (`string`, `number` etc). For example, an item `{label: 'foo'}`, passed
+ *    through a predicate that extracts the value of the `label` property, would be transformed to:
+ *    ```
+ *    {
+ *      value: 'foo',
+ *      type: 'string',
+ *      index: ...
+ *    }
+ *    ```
+ *    **Note:** `null` values use `'null'` as their type.
+ * 2. The comparator function is used to sort the items, based on the derived values, types and
+ *    indices.
+ *
+ * If you use a custom comparator, it will be called with pairs of objects of the form
+ * `{value: ..., type: '...', index: ...}` and is expected to return `0` if the objects are equal
+ * (as far as the comparator is concerned), `-1` if the 1st one should be ranked higher than the
+ * second, or `1` otherwise.
+ *
+ * In order to ensure that the sorting will be deterministic across platforms, if none of the
+ * specified predicates can distinguish between two items, `orderBy` will automatically introduce a
+ * dummy predicate that returns the item's index as `value`.
+ * (If you are using a custom comparator, make sure it can handle this predicate as well.)
+ *
+ * If a custom comparator still can't distinguish between two items, then they will be sorted based
+ * on their index using the built-in comparator.
+ *
+ * Finally, in an attempt to simplify things, if a predicate returns an object as the extracted
+ * value for an item, `orderBy` will try to convert that object to a primitive value, before passing
+ * it to the comparator. The following rules govern the conversion:
+ *
+ * 1. If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns a primitive, its return value will be
+ *    used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 2. If the object has a custom `toString()` method (i.e. not the one inherited from `Object`) that
+ *    returns a primitive, its return value will be used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `toString()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 3. No conversion; the object itself is used.
+ *
+ * ### The default comparator
+ *
+ * The default, built-in comparator should be sufficient for most usecases. In short, it compares
+ * numbers numerically, strings alphabetically (and case-insensitively), for objects falls back to
+ * using their index in the original collection, sorts values of different types by type and puts
+ * `undefined` and `null` values at the end of the sorted list.
+ *
+ * More specifically, it follows these steps to determine the relative order of items:
+ *
+ * 1. If the compared values are of different types:
+ *    - If one of the values is undefined, consider it "greater than" the other.
+ *    - Else if one of the values is null, consider it "greater than" the other.
+ *    - Else compare the types themselves alphabetically.
+ * 2. If both values are of type `string`, compare them alphabetically in a case- and
+ *    locale-insensitive way.
+ * 3. If both values are objects, compare their indices instead.
+ * 4. Otherwise, return:
+ *    -  `0`, if the values are equal (by strict equality comparison, i.e. using `===`).
+ *    - `-1`, if the 1st value is "less than" the 2nd value (compared using the `<` operator).
+ *    -  `1`, otherwise.
+ *
+ * **Note:** If you notice numbers not being sorted as expected, make sure they are actually being
+ *           saved as numbers and not strings.
+ * **Note:** For the purpose of sorting, `null` and `undefined` are considered "greater than"
+ *           any other value (with undefined "greater than" null). This effectively means that `null`
+ *           and `undefined` values end up at the end of a list sorted in ascending order.
+ * **Note:** `null` values use `'null'` as their type to be able to distinguish them from objects.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike} collection - The collection (array or array-like object) to sort.
+ * @param {(Function|string|Array.<Function|string>)=} expression - A predicate (or list of
+ *    predicates) to be used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
+ *
+ *    Can be one of:
+ *
+ *    - `Function`: A getter function. This function will be called with each item as argument and
+ *      the return value will be used for sorting.
+ *    - `string`: An AngularJS expression. This expression will be evaluated against each item and the
+ *      result will be used for sorting. For example, use `'label'` to sort by a property called
+ *      `label` or `'label.substring(0, 3)'` to sort by the first 3 characters of the `label`
+ *      property.<br />
+ *      (The result of a constant expression is interpreted as a property name to be used for
+ *      comparison. For example, use `'"special name"'` (note the extra pair of quotes) to sort by a
+ *      property called `special name`.)<br />
+ *      An expression can be optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control the sorting direction,
+ *      ascending or descending. For example, `'+label'` or `'-label'`. If no property is provided,
+ *      (e.g. `'+'` or `'-'`), the collection element itself is used in comparisons.
+ *    - `Array`: An array of function and/or string predicates. If a predicate cannot determine the
+ *      relative order of two items, the next predicate is used as a tie-breaker.
+ *
+ * **Note:** If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} reverse - If `true`, reverse the sorting order.
+ * @param {(Function)=} comparator - The comparator function used to determine the relative order of
+ *    value pairs. If omitted, the built-in comparator will be used.
  *
- * @description
- * Evaluates the expression and inserts the resulting HTML into the element in a secure way. By default,
- * the resulting HTML content will be sanitized using the {@link ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.
- * To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize` is available, for example, by including {@link
- * ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in core Angular). In order to use {@link ngSanitize}
- * in your module's dependencies, you need to include "angular-sanitize.js" in your application.
+ * @returns {Array} - The sorted array.
  *
- * You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
- * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
- * under {@link ng.$sce#show-me-an-example-using-sce- Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
  *
- * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
- * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
+ * @example
+ * ### Ordering a table with `ngRepeat`
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ * The example below demonstrates a simple {@link ngRepeat ngRepeat}, where the data is sorted by
+ * age in descending order (expression is set to `'-age'`). The `comparator` is not set, which means
+ * it defaults to the built-in comparator.
  *
- * @example
-
-   <example module="bindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+   <example name="orderBy-static" module="orderByExample1">
      <file name="index.html">
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>Name</th>
+             <th>Phone Number</th>
+             <th>Age</th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'-age'">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
        </div>
      </file>
-
      <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('bindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])
+       angular.module('orderByExample1', [])
          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.myHTML =
-              'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with ' +
-              '<a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
          }]);
      </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
 
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+     </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('myHTML')).getText()).toBe(
-             'I am an HTMLstring with links! and other stuff');
+       // Element locators
+       var names = element.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
+
+       it('should sort friends by age in reverse order', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Julie');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('John');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
- */
-var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', '$compile', function($sce, $parse, $compile) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    compile: function ngBindHtmlCompile(tElement, tAttrs) {
-      var ngBindHtmlGetter = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml);
-      var ngBindHtmlWatch = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml, function sceValueOf(val) {
-        // Unwrap the value to compare the actual inner safe value, not the wrapper object.
-        return $sce.valueOf(val);
-      });
-      $compile.$$addBindingClass(tElement);
-
-      return function ngBindHtmlLink(scope, element, attr) {
-        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBindHtml);
-
-        scope.$watch(ngBindHtmlWatch, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction() {
-          // The watched value is the unwrapped value. To avoid re-escaping, use the direct getter.
-          var value = ngBindHtmlGetter(scope);
-          element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(value) || '');
-        });
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngChange
- *
- * @description
- * Evaluate the given expression when the user changes the input.
- * The expression is evaluated immediately, unlike the JavaScript onchange event
- * which only triggers at the end of a change (usually, when the user leaves the
- * form element or presses the return key).
- *
- * The `ngChange` expression is only evaluated when a change in the input value causes
- * a new value to be committed to the model.
- *
- * It will not be evaluated:
- * * if the value returned from the `$parsers` transformation pipeline has not changed
- * * if the input has continued to be invalid since the model will stay `null`
- * * if the model is changed programmatically and not by a change to the input value
- *
- *
- * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
- *
- * @element input
- * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
- * in input value.
+ * <hr />
  *
  * @example
- * <example name="ngChange-directive" module="changeExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <script>
- *       angular.module('changeExample', [])
- *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *           $scope.counter = 0;
- *           $scope.change = function() {
- *             $scope.counter++;
- *           };
- *         }]);
- *     </script>
- *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
- *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
- *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
- *       <tt>debug = {{confirmed}}</tt><br/>
- *       <tt>counter = {{counter}}</tt><br/>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     var counter = element(by.binding('counter'));
- *     var debug = element(by.binding('confirmed'));
- *
- *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
- *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
- *
- *       element(by.id('ng-change-example1')).click();
+ * ### Changing parameters dynamically
  *
- *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('1');
- *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
- *     });
+ * All parameters can be changed dynamically. The next example shows how you can make the columns of
+ * a table sortable, by binding the `expression` and `reverse` parameters to scope properties.
  *
- *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
- *       element(by.id('ng-change-example2')).click();
-
- *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
- *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- */
-var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
-  restrict: 'A',
-  require: 'ngModel',
-  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
-      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
-    });
-  }
-});
-
-function classDirective(name, selector) {
-  name = 'ngClass' + name;
-  return ['$animate', function($animate) {
-    return {
-      restrict: 'AC',
-      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-        var oldVal;
-
-        scope.$watch(attr[name], ngClassWatchAction, true);
-
-        attr.$observe('class', function(value) {
-          ngClassWatchAction(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
-        });
-
-
-        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
-          scope.$watch('$index', function($index, old$index) {
-            // jshint bitwise: false
-            var mod = $index & 1;
-            if (mod !== (old$index & 1)) {
-              var classes = arrayClasses(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
-              mod === selector ?
-                addClasses(classes) :
-                removeClasses(classes);
-            }
-          });
-        }
-
-        function addClasses(classes) {
-          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, 1);
-          attr.$addClass(newClasses);
-        }
-
-        function removeClasses(classes) {
-          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, -1);
-          attr.$removeClass(newClasses);
-        }
-
-        function digestClassCounts(classes, count) {
-          // Use createMap() to prevent class assumptions involving property
-          // names in Object.prototype
-          var classCounts = element.data('$classCounts') || createMap();
-          var classesToUpdate = [];
-          forEach(classes, function(className) {
-            if (count > 0 || classCounts[className]) {
-              classCounts[className] = (classCounts[className] || 0) + count;
-              if (classCounts[className] === +(count > 0)) {
-                classesToUpdate.push(className);
-              }
-            }
-          });
-          element.data('$classCounts', classCounts);
-          return classesToUpdate.join(' ');
-        }
-
-        function updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses) {
-          var toAdd = arrayDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
-          var toRemove = arrayDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
-          toAdd = digestClassCounts(toAdd, 1);
-          toRemove = digestClassCounts(toRemove, -1);
-          if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
-            $animate.addClass(element, toAdd);
-          }
-          if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
-            $animate.removeClass(element, toRemove);
-          }
-        }
-
-        function ngClassWatchAction(newVal) {
-          // jshint bitwise: false
-          if (selector === true || (scope.$index & 1) === selector) {
-          // jshint bitwise: true
-            var newClasses = arrayClasses(newVal || []);
-            if (!oldVal) {
-              addClasses(newClasses);
-            } else if (!equals(newVal,oldVal)) {
-              var oldClasses = arrayClasses(oldVal);
-              updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses);
-            }
-          }
-          if (isArray(newVal)) {
-            oldVal = newVal.map(function(v) { return shallowCopy(v); });
-          } else {
-            oldVal = shallowCopy(newVal);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    function arrayDifference(tokens1, tokens2) {
-      var values = [];
-
-      outer:
-      for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
-        var token = tokens1[i];
-        for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
-          if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
-        }
-        values.push(token);
-      }
-      return values;
-    }
+   <example name="orderBy-dynamic" module="orderByExample2">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         <button ng-click="propertyName = null; reverse = false">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:propertyName:reverse">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample2', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
 
-    function arrayClasses(classVal) {
-      var classes = [];
-      if (isArray(classVal)) {
-        forEach(classVal, function(v) {
-          classes = classes.concat(arrayClasses(v));
-        });
-        return classes;
-      } else if (isString(classVal)) {
-        return classVal.split(' ');
-      } else if (isObject(classVal)) {
-        forEach(classVal, function(v, k) {
-          if (v) {
-            classes = classes.concat(k.split(' '));
-          }
-        });
-        return classes;
-      }
-      return classVal;
-    }
-  }];
-}
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
+           $scope.reverse = true;
+           $scope.friends = friends;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClass
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
- * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
- *
- * The directive operates in three different ways, depending on which of three types the expression
- * evaluates to:
- *
- * 1. If the expression evaluates to a string, the string should be one or more space-delimited class
- * names.
- *
- * 2. If the expression evaluates to an object, then for each key-value pair of the
- * object with a truthy value the corresponding key is used as a class name.
- *
- * 3. If the expression evaluates to an array, each element of the array should either be a string as in
- * type 1 or an object as in type 2. This means that you can mix strings and objects together in an array
- * to give you more control over what CSS classes appear. See the code below for an example of this.
- *
- *
- * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
- *
- * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then are the
- * new classes added.
- *
- * @knownIssue
- * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `class`
- * attribute, when using the `ngClass` directive on the same element.
- * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass}       | just before the class is applied to the element   |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass} | just before the class is removed from the element |
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
- *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
- *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
- *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
- *   element.
- *
- * @example Example that demonstrates basic bindings via ngClass directive.
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, 'has-error': error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
-       <label>
-          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted">
-          deleted (apply "strike" class)
-       </label><br>
-       <label>
-          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important">
-          important (apply "bold" class)
-       </label><br>
-       <label>
-          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error">
-          error (apply "has-error" class)
-       </label>
-       <hr>
-       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
-       <input type="text" ng-model="style"
-              placeholder="Type: bold strike red" aria-label="Type: bold strike red">
-       <hr>
-       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
-       <input ng-model="style1"
-              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
-       <input ng-model="style2"
-              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 2"><br>
-       <input ng-model="style3"
-              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 3"><br>
-       <hr>
-       <p ng-class="[style4, {orange: warning}]">Using Array and Map Syntax</p>
-       <input ng-model="style4" placeholder="Type: bold, strike" aria-label="Type: bold, strike"><br>
-       <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="warning"> warning (apply "orange" class)</label>
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = ($scope.propertyName === propertyName) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
+           };
+         }]);
      </file>
      <file name="style.css">
-       .strike {
-           text-decoration: line-through;
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
        }
-       .bold {
-           font-weight: bold;
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
        }
-       .red {
-           color: red;
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
        }
-       .has-error {
-           color: red;
-           background-color: yellow;
+
+       .sortorder:after {
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
        }
-       .orange {
-           color: orange;
+       .sortorder.reverse:after {
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
        }
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var ps = element.all(by.css('p'));
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
 
-       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
 
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/bold/);
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/has-error/);
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+       });
 
-         element(by.model('important')).click();
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/bold/);
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-         element(by.model('error')).click();
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/has-error/);
-       });
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
 
-       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
-         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
-         element(by.model('style')).clear();
-         element(by.model('style')).sendKeys('red');
-         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('red');
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
        });
 
-       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
-         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
-         element(by.model('style1')).sendKeys('bold');
-         element(by.model('style2')).sendKeys('strike');
-         element(by.model('style3')).sendKeys('red');
-         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold strike red');
-       });
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-       it('array with map example should have 2 classes', function() {
-         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
-         element(by.model('style4')).sendKeys('bold');
-         element(by.model('warning')).click();
-         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold orange');
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `orderBy` inside a controller
+ *
+ * It is also possible to call the `orderBy` filter manually, by injecting `orderByFilter`, and
+ * calling it with the desired parameters. (Alternatively, you could inject the `$filter` factory
+ * and retrieve the `orderBy` filter with `$filter('orderBy')`.)
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-call-manually" module="orderByExample3">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         <button ng-click="sortBy(null)">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample3', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', 'orderByFilter', function($scope, orderBy) {
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
 
-   ## Animations
-
-   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
+           $scope.reverse = true;
+           $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
 
-   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input id="setbtn" type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
-      <input id="clearbtn" type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
-      <br>
-      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = (propertyName !== null && $scope.propertyName === propertyName)
+                 ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
+             $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
+           };
+         }]);
      </file>
      <file name="style.css">
-       .base-class {
-         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
        }
 
-       .base-class.my-class {
-         color: red;
-         font-size:3em;
+       .sortorder:after {
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+       .sortorder.reverse:after {
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
        }
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-class', function() {
-         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
-           toMatch(/my-class/);
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
 
-         element(by.id('setbtn')).click();
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/my-class/);
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
 
-         element(by.id('clearbtn')).click();
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
 
-         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
-           toMatch(/my-class/);
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
        });
-     </file>
-   </example>
 
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-   ## ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
-   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
-   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
-   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
-   to view the step by step details of {@link $animate#addClass $animate.addClass} and
-   {@link $animate#removeClass $animate.removeClass}.
- */
-var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClassOdd
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
- * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
- * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
- *
- * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
- * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
- *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
-          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
-           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
-             {{name}}
-           </span>
-          </li>
-        </ol>
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .odd {
-         color: red;
-       }
-       .even {
-         color: blue;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/odd/);
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/even/);
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
        });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClassEven
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
- * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
- * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
- *
- * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
- * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
- *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
-          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
-           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
-             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
-           </span>
-          </li>
-        </ol>
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .odd {
-         color: red;
-       }
-       .even {
-         color: blue;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/odd/);
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/even/);
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
- */
-var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCloak
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
- * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
- * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
- *
- * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
- * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
- * of the browser view.
- *
- * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
- * `angular.min.js`.
- * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
- *
- * ```css
- * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
- *   display: none !important;
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
- * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When Angular encounters this directive
- * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
- * the compiled element visible.
+ * <hr />
  *
- * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
- * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
- * application.
+ * @example
+ * ### Using a custom comparator
  *
- * @element ANY
+ * If you have very specific requirements about the way items are sorted, you can pass your own
+ * comparator function. For example, you might need to compare some strings in a locale-sensitive
+ * way. (When specifying a custom comparator, you also need to pass a value for the `reverse`
+ * argument - passing `false` retains the default sorting order, i.e. ascending.)
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
+   <example name="orderBy-custom-comparator" module="orderByExample4">
      <file name="index.html">
-        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
-        <div id="template2" class="ng-cloak">{{ 'world' }}</div>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <div class="friends-container custom-comparator">
+           <h3>Locale-sensitive Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter':false:localeSensitiveComparator">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+         <div class="friends-container default-comparator">
+           <h3>Default Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter'">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample4', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   favoriteLetter: 'Ä'},
+             {name: 'Mary',   favoriteLetter: 'Ü'},
+             {name: 'Mike',   favoriteLetter: 'Ö'},
+             {name: 'Adam',   favoriteLetter: 'H'},
+             {name: 'Julie',  favoriteLetter: 'Z'}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.localeSensitiveComparator = function(v1, v2) {
+             // If we don't get strings, just compare by index
+             if (v1.type !== 'string' || v2.type !== 'string') {
+               return (v1.index < v2.index) ? -1 : 1;
+             }
+
+             // Compare strings alphabetically, taking locale into account
+             return v1.value.localeCompare(v2.value);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends-container {
+         display: inline-block;
+         margin: 0 30px;
+       }
+
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
-         expect($('#template1').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
-           toBeNull();
-         expect($('#template2').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
-           toBeNull();
+       // Element locators
+       var container = element(by.css('.custom-comparator'));
+       var names = container.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
+
+       it('should sort friends by favorite letter (in correct alphabetical order)', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('Julie');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
  *
  */
-var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
-  compile: function(element, attr) {
-    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
-    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
-  }
-});
+orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
+function orderByFilter($parse) {
+  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder, compareFn) {
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngController
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
- * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
- *
- * MVC components in angular:
- *
- * * Model — Models are the properties of a scope; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
- *   are accessed through bindings.
- * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
- * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
- *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
- *
- * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
- * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
- * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
- * and executed twice.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @scope
- * @priority 500
- * @param {expression} ngController Name of a constructor function registered with the current
- * {@link ng.$controllerProvider $controllerProvider} or an {@link guide/expression expression}
- * that on the current scope evaluates to a constructor function.
- *
- * The controller instance can be published into a scope property by specifying
- * `ng-controller="as propertyName"`.
- *
- * If the current `$controllerProvider` is configured to use globals (via
- * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#allowGlobals `$controllerProvider.allowGlobals()` }), this may
- * also be the name of a globally accessible constructor function (not recommended).
- *
- * @example
- * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
- * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
- * easily be called from the angular markup. Any changes to the data are automatically reflected
- * in the View without the need for a manual update.
- *
- * Two different declaration styles are included below:
- *
- * * one binds methods and properties directly onto the controller using `this`:
- * `ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings"`
- * * one injects `$scope` into the controller:
- * `ng-controller="SettingsController2"`
- *
- * The second option is more common in the Angular community, and is generally used in boilerplates
- * and in this guide. However, there are advantages to binding properties directly to the controller
- * and avoiding scope.
- *
- * * Using `controller as` makes it obvious which controller you are accessing in the template when
- * multiple controllers apply to an element.
- * * If you are writing your controllers as classes you have easier access to the properties and
- * methods, which will appear on the scope, from inside the controller code.
- * * Since there is always a `.` in the bindings, you don't have to worry about prototypal
- * inheritance masking primitives.
- *
- * This example demonstrates the `controller as` syntax.
- *
- * <example name="ngControllerAs" module="controllerAsExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *    <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
- *      <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/></label>
- *      <button ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</button><br/>
- *      Contact:
- *      <ul>
- *        <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
- *          <select ng-model="contact.type" aria-label="Contact method" id="select_{{$index}}">
- *             <option>phone</option>
- *             <option>email</option>
- *          </select>
- *          <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
- *          <button ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
- *          <button ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
- *        </li>
- *        <li><button ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</button></li>
- *     </ul>
- *    </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *    angular.module('controllerAsExample', [])
- *      .controller('SettingsController1', SettingsController1);
- *
- *    function SettingsController1() {
- *      this.name = "John Smith";
- *      this.contacts = [
- *        {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
- *        {type: 'email', value: 'john.smith@example.org'} ];
- *    }
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
- *      alert(this.name);
- *    };
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
- *      this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: 'yourname@example.org'});
- *    };
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
- *     var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
- *      this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
- *    };
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
- *      contact.type = 'phone';
- *      contact.value = '';
- *    };
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     it('should check controller as', function() {
- *       var container = element(by.id('ctrl-as-exmpl'));
- *         expect(container.element(by.model('settings.name'))
- *           .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
- *
- *       var firstRepeat =
- *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(0));
- *       var secondRepeat =
- *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(1));
- *
- *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('408 555 1212');
- *
- *       expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
- *
- *       firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
- *
- *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('');
- *
- *       container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
- *
- *       expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(2))
- *           .element(by.model('contact.value'))
- *           .getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * This example demonstrates the "attach to `$scope`" style of controller.
- *
- * <example name="ngController" module="controllerExample">
- *  <file name="index.html">
- *   <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
- *     <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/></label>
- *     <button ng-click="greet()">greet</button><br/>
- *     Contact:
- *     <ul>
- *       <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
- *         <select ng-model="contact.type" id="select_{{$index}}">
- *            <option>phone</option>
- *            <option>email</option>
- *         </select>
- *         <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
- *         <button ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
- *         <button ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</button>
- *       </li>
- *       <li>[ <button ng-click="addContact()">add</button> ]</li>
- *    </ul>
- *   </div>
- *  </file>
- *  <file name="app.js">
- *   angular.module('controllerExample', [])
- *     .controller('SettingsController2', ['$scope', SettingsController2]);
- *
- *   function SettingsController2($scope) {
- *     $scope.name = "John Smith";
- *     $scope.contacts = [
- *       {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
- *       {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'} ];
- *
- *     $scope.greet = function() {
- *       alert($scope.name);
- *     };
- *
- *     $scope.addContact = function() {
- *       $scope.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
- *     };
- *
- *     $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
- *       var index = $scope.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
- *       $scope.contacts.splice(index, 1);
- *     };
- *
- *     $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
- *       contact.type = 'phone';
- *       contact.value = '';
- *     };
- *   }
- *  </file>
- *  <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *    it('should check controller', function() {
- *      var container = element(by.id('ctrl-exmpl'));
- *
- *      expect(container.element(by.model('name'))
- *          .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
- *
- *      var firstRepeat =
- *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(0));
- *      var secondRepeat =
- *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(1));
- *
- *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('408 555 1212');
- *      expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
- *
- *      firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
- *
- *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('');
- *
- *      container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
- *
- *      expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(2))
- *          .element(by.model('contact.value'))
- *          .getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('yourname@example.org');
- *    });
- *  </file>
- *</example>
+    if (array == null) return array;
+    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
+      throw minErr('orderBy')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
+    }
 
- */
-var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    scope: true,
-    controller: '@',
-    priority: 500
-  };
-}];
+    if (!isArray(sortPredicate)) { sortPredicate = [sortPredicate]; }
+    if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCsp
- *
- * @element html
- * @description
- *
- * Angular has some features that can break certain
- * [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) rules.
- *
- * If you intend to implement these rules then you must tell Angular not to use these features.
- *
- * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions or Universal Windows Apps.
- *
- *
- * The following rules affect Angular:
- *
- * * `unsafe-eval`: this rule forbids apps to use `eval` or `Function(string)` generated functions
- * (among other things). Angular makes use of this in the {@link $parse} service to provide a 30%
- * increase in the speed of evaluating Angular expressions.
- *
- * * `unsafe-inline`: this rule forbids apps from inject custom styles into the document. Angular
- * makes use of this to include some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ngCloak} and {@link ngHide}).
- * To make these directives work when a CSP rule is blocking inline styles, you must link to the
- * `angular-csp.css` in your HTML manually.
- *
- * If you do not provide `ngCsp` then Angular tries to autodetect if CSP is blocking unsafe-eval
- * and automatically deactivates this feature in the {@link $parse} service. This autodetection,
- * however, triggers a CSP error to be logged in the console:
- *
- * ```
- * Refused to evaluate a string as JavaScript because 'unsafe-eval' is not an allowed source of
- * script in the following Content Security Policy directive: "default-src 'self'". Note that
- * 'script-src' was not explicitly set, so 'default-src' is used as a fallback.
- * ```
- *
- * This error is harmless but annoying. To prevent the error from showing up, put the `ngCsp`
- * directive on an element of the HTML document that appears before the `<script>` tag that loads
- * the `angular.js` file.
- *
- * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
- *
- * You can specify which of the CSP related Angular features should be deactivated by providing
- * a value for the `ng-csp` attribute. The options are as follows:
- *
- * * no-inline-style: this stops Angular from injecting CSS styles into the DOM
- *
- * * no-unsafe-eval: this stops Angular from optimizing $parse with unsafe eval of strings
- *
- * You can use these values in the following combinations:
- *
- *
- * * No declaration means that Angular will assume that you can do inline styles, but it will do
- * a runtime check for unsafe-eval. E.g. `<body>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous versions
- * of Angular.
- *
- * * A simple `ng-csp` (or `data-ng-csp`) attribute will tell Angular to deactivate both inline
- * styles and unsafe eval. E.g. `<body ng-csp>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous versions
- * of Angular.
- *
- * * Specifying only `no-unsafe-eval` tells Angular that we must not use eval, but that we can inject
- * inline styles. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-unsafe-eval">`.
- *
- * * Specifying only `no-inline-style` tells Angular that we must not inject styles, but that we can
- * run eval - no automatic check for unsafe eval will occur. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-inline-style">`
- *
- * * Specifying both `no-unsafe-eval` and `no-inline-style` tells Angular that we must not inject
- * styles nor use eval, which is the same as an empty: ng-csp.
- * E.g.`<body ng-csp="no-inline-style;no-unsafe-eval">`
- *
- * @example
- * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
-   ```html
-     <!doctype html>
-     <html ng-app ng-csp>
-     ...
-     ...
-     </html>
-   ```
-  * @example
-      // Note: the suffix `.csp` in the example name triggers
-      // csp mode in our http server!
-      <example name="example.csp" module="cspExample" ng-csp="true">
-        <file name="index.html">
-          <div ng-controller="MainController as ctrl">
-            <div>
-              <button ng-click="ctrl.inc()" id="inc">Increment</button>
-              <span id="counter">
-                {{ctrl.counter}}
-              </span>
-            </div>
-
-            <div>
-              <button ng-click="ctrl.evil()" id="evil">Evil</button>
-              <span id="evilError">
-                {{ctrl.evilError}}
-              </span>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </file>
-        <file name="script.js">
-           angular.module('cspExample', [])
-             .controller('MainController', function() {
-                this.counter = 0;
-                this.inc = function() {
-                  this.counter++;
-                };
-                this.evil = function() {
-                  // jshint evil:true
-                  try {
-                    eval('1+2');
-                  } catch (e) {
-                    this.evilError = e.message;
-                  }
-                };
-              });
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var util, webdriver;
+    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate);
 
-          var incBtn = element(by.id('inc'));
-          var counter = element(by.id('counter'));
-          var evilBtn = element(by.id('evil'));
-          var evilError = element(by.id('evilError'));
+    var descending = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
 
-          function getAndClearSevereErrors() {
-            return browser.manage().logs().get('browser').then(function(browserLog) {
-              return browserLog.filter(function(logEntry) {
-                return logEntry.level.value > webdriver.logging.Level.WARNING.value;
-              });
-            });
-          }
+    // Define the `compare()` function. Use a default comparator if none is specified.
+    var compare = isFunction(compareFn) ? compareFn : defaultCompare;
 
-          function clearErrors() {
-            getAndClearSevereErrors();
-          }
+    // The next three lines are a version of a Swartzian Transform idiom from Perl
+    // (sometimes called the Decorate-Sort-Undecorate idiom)
+    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform
+    var compareValues = Array.prototype.map.call(array, getComparisonObject);
+    compareValues.sort(doComparison);
+    array = compareValues.map(function(item) { return item.value; });
 
-          function expectNoErrors() {
-            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
-              expect(filteredLog.length).toEqual(0);
-              if (filteredLog.length) {
-                console.log('browser console errors: ' + util.inspect(filteredLog));
-              }
-            });
-          }
+    return array;
 
-          function expectError(regex) {
-            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
-              var found = false;
-              filteredLog.forEach(function(log) {
-                if (log.message.match(regex)) {
-                  found = true;
-                }
-              });
-              if (!found) {
-                throw new Error('expected an error that matches ' + regex);
-              }
-            });
-          }
+    function getComparisonObject(value, index) {
+      // NOTE: We are adding an extra `tieBreaker` value based on the element's index.
+      // This will be used to keep the sort stable when none of the input predicates can
+      // distinguish between two elements.
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        tieBreaker: {value: index, type: 'number', index: index},
+        predicateValues: predicates.map(function(predicate) {
+          return getPredicateValue(predicate.get(value), index);
+        })
+      };
+    }
 
-          beforeEach(function() {
-            util = require('util');
-            webdriver = require('protractor/node_modules/selenium-webdriver');
-          });
+    function doComparison(v1, v2) {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = predicates.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var result = compare(v1.predicateValues[i], v2.predicateValues[i]);
+        if (result) {
+          return result * predicates[i].descending * descending;
+        }
+      }
 
-          // For now, we only test on Chrome,
-          // as Safari does not load the page with Protractor's injected scripts,
-          // and Firefox webdriver always disables content security policy (#6358)
-          if (browser.params.browser !== 'chrome') {
-            return;
+      return (compare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker) || defaultCompare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker)) * descending;
+    }
+  };
+
+  function processPredicates(sortPredicates) {
+    return sortPredicates.map(function(predicate) {
+      var descending = 1, get = identity;
+
+      if (isFunction(predicate)) {
+        get = predicate;
+      } else if (isString(predicate)) {
+        if ((predicate.charAt(0) === '+' || predicate.charAt(0) === '-')) {
+          descending = predicate.charAt(0) === '-' ? -1 : 1;
+          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
+        }
+        if (predicate !== '') {
+          get = $parse(predicate);
+          if (get.constant) {
+            var key = get();
+            get = function(value) { return value[key]; };
           }
+        }
+      }
+      return {get: get, descending: descending};
+    });
+  }
 
-          it('should not report errors when the page is loaded', function() {
-            // clear errors so we are not dependent on previous tests
-            clearErrors();
-            // Need to reload the page as the page is already loaded when
-            // we come here
-            browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
-              browser.get(url);
-            });
-            expectNoErrors();
-          });
+  function isPrimitive(value) {
+    switch (typeof value) {
+      case 'number': /* falls through */
+      case 'boolean': /* falls through */
+      case 'string':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function objectValue(value) {
+    // If `valueOf` is a valid function use that
+    if (isFunction(value.valueOf)) {
+      value = value.valueOf();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
+    // If `toString` is a valid function and not the one from `Object.prototype` use that
+    if (hasCustomToString(value)) {
+      value = value.toString();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  function getPredicateValue(value, index) {
+    var type = typeof value;
+    if (value === null) {
+      type = 'null';
+    } else if (type === 'object') {
+      value = objectValue(value);
+    }
+    return {value: value, type: type, index: index};
+  }
+
+  function defaultCompare(v1, v2) {
+    var result = 0;
+    var type1 = v1.type;
+    var type2 = v2.type;
+
+    if (type1 === type2) {
+      var value1 = v1.value;
+      var value2 = v2.value;
 
-          it('should evaluate expressions', function() {
-            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('0');
-            incBtn.click();
-            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('1');
-            expectNoErrors();
-          });
+      if (type1 === 'string') {
+        // Compare strings case-insensitively
+        value1 = value1.toLowerCase();
+        value2 = value2.toLowerCase();
+      } else if (type1 === 'object') {
+        // For basic objects, use the position of the object
+        // in the collection instead of the value
+        if (isObject(value1)) value1 = v1.index;
+        if (isObject(value2)) value2 = v2.index;
+      }
 
-          it('should throw and report an error when using "eval"', function() {
-            evilBtn.click();
-            expect(evilError.getText()).toMatch(/Content Security Policy/);
-            expectError(/Content Security Policy/);
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-  */
+      if (value1 !== value2) {
+        result = value1 < value2 ? -1 : 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      result = (type1 === 'undefined') ? 1 :
+        (type2 === 'undefined') ? -1 :
+        (type1 === 'null') ? 1 :
+        (type2 === 'null') ? -1 :
+        (type1 < type2) ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
 
-// ngCsp is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while we
-// bootstrap the system (before $parse is instantiated), for this reason we just have
-// the csp() fn that looks for the `ng-csp` attribute anywhere in the current doc
+function ngDirective(directive) {
+  if (isFunction(directive)) {
+    directive = {
+      link: directive
+    };
+  }
+  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
+  return valueFn(directive);
+}
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClick
+ * @name a
+ * @restrict E
  *
  * @description
- * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
- * an element is clicked.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * click. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * Modifies the default behavior of the html a tag so that the default action is prevented when
+ * the href attribute is empty.
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment
-      </button>
-      <span>
-        count: {{count}}
-      </span>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-click', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('0');
-         element(by.css('button')).click();
-         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('1');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-/*
- * A collection of directives that allows creation of custom event handlers that are defined as
- * angular expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
+ * For dynamically creating `href` attributes for a tags, see the {@link ng.ngHref `ngHref`} directive.
  */
-var ngEventDirectives = {};
-
-// For events that might fire synchronously during DOM manipulation
-// we need to execute their event handlers asynchronously using $evalAsync,
-// so that they are not executed in an inconsistent state.
-var forceAsyncEvents = {
-  'blur': true,
-  'focus': true
-};
-forEach(
-  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
-  function(eventName) {
-    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + eventName);
-    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', '$rootScope', function($parse, $rootScope) {
-      return {
-        restrict: 'A',
-        compile: function($element, attr) {
-          // We expose the powerful $event object on the scope that provides access to the Window,
-          // etc. that isn't protected by the fast paths in $parse.  We explicitly request better
-          // checks at the cost of speed since event handler expressions are not executed as
-          // frequently as regular change detection.
-          var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName], /* interceptorFn */ null, /* expensiveChecks */ true);
-          return function ngEventHandler(scope, element) {
-            element.on(eventName, function(event) {
-              var callback = function() {
-                fn(scope, {$event:event});
-              };
-              if (forceAsyncEvents[eventName] && $rootScope.$$phase) {
-                scope.$evalAsync(callback);
-              } else {
-                scope.$apply(callback);
-              }
-            });
-          };
-        }
+var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref) {
+      return function(scope, element) {
+        // If the linked element is not an anchor tag anymore, do nothing
+        if (element[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'a') return;
+
+        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
+        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
+                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
+        element.on('click', function(event) {
+          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
+          if (!element.attr(href)) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+          }
+        });
       };
-    }];
+    }
   }
-);
+});
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngDblclick
+ * @name ngHref
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
  *
  * @description
- * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
+ * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
+ * AngularJS has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
+ * value. Until AngularJS replaces the markup the link will be broken
+ * and will most likely return a 404 error. The `ngHref` directive
+ * solves this problem.
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-dblclick="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (on double click)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMousedown
+ * The wrong way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
  *
- * @description
- * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mousedown. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * @element A
+ * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
  *
  * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mousedown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (on mouse down)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+ * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
+ * in links and their different behaviors:
+    <example name="ng-href">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
+        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
+        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
+        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
 
+        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseup
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseup. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (on mouse up)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+          element(by.id('link-3')).click();
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseover
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseover. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseover="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse is over)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an AngularJS page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
 
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/123$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
+        });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseenter
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseenter. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseenter="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse enters)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
 
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
+        });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseleave
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseleave. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseleave="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse leaves)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
+          element(by.model('value')).clear();
+          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);
+
+          element(by.id('link-6')).click();
 
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an AngularJS page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/6$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMousemove
+ * @name ngSrc
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
  *
  * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until AngularJS replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mousemove. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mousemove="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse moves)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
  */
 
-
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngKeydown
+ * @name ngSrcset
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
  *
  * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until AngularJS replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-      key down count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
  */
 
-
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngKeyup
+ * @name ngDisabled
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
  *
  * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ * This directive sets the `disabled` attribute on the element (typically a form control,
+ * e.g. `input`, `button`, `select` etc.) if the
+ * {@link guide/expression expression} inside `ngDisabled` evaluates to truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `disabled`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
  * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the key count</p>
-       <input ng-keyup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0"> key up count: {{count}}
-
-       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the keycode</p>
-       <input ng-keyup="event=$event">
-       <p>event keyCode: {{ event.keyCode }}</p>
-       <p>event altKey: {{ event.altKey }}</p>
-     </file>
-   </example>
+    <example name="ng-disabled">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle button', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `disabled` attribute will be set on the element
  */
 
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngKeypress
+ * @name ngChecked
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
  *
  * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
+ * Sets the `checked` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngChecked` is truthy.
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * keypress. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`}
- * and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ * Note that this directive should not be used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`},
+ * as this can lead to unexpected behavior.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `checked`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
  * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-keypress="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-      key press count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
+    <example name="ng-checked">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="leader"></label><br/>
+        <input id="checkFollower" type="checkbox" ng-checked="leader" aria-label="Follower input">
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('checkFollower')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('leader')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('checkFollower')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `checked` attribute will be set on the element
  */
 
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSubmit
+ * @name ngReadonly
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
  *
  * @description
- * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
- *
- * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
- * server and reloading the current page), but only if the form does not contain `action`,
- * `data-action`, or `x-action` attributes.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Warning:** Be careful not to cause "double-submission" by using both the `ngClick` and
- * `ngSubmit` handlers together. See the
- * {@link form#submitting-a-form-and-preventing-the-default-action `form` directive documentation}
- * for a detailed discussion of when `ngSubmit` may be triggered.
- * </div>
+ * Sets the `readonly` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngReadonly` is truthy.
+ * Note that `readonly` applies only to `input` elements with specific types. [See the input docs on
+ * MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-readonly) for more information.
  *
- * @element form
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
- * ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `readonly`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
  * @example
-   <example module="submitExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <script>
-        angular.module('submitExample', [])
-          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-            $scope.list = [];
-            $scope.text = 'hello';
-            $scope.submit = function() {
-              if ($scope.text) {
-                $scope.list.push(this.text);
-                $scope.text = '';
-              }
-            };
-          }]);
-      </script>
-      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        Enter text and hit enter:
-        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
-        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
-        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
-      </form>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
-         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
-         expect(element(by.model('text')).getAttribute('value')).toBe('');
-       });
-       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
-         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
-         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
+    <example name="ng-readonly">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm AngularJS" aria-label="Readonly field" />
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
         });
-     </file>
-   </example>
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
  */
 
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngFocus
+ * @name ngSelected
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
  *
  * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
  *
- * Note: As the `focus` event is executed synchronously when calling `input.focus()`
- * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
- * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ * Sets the `selected` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngSelected` is truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `selected`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * focus. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   **Note:** `ngSelected` does not interact with the `select` and `ngModel` directives, it only
+ *   sets the `selected` attribute on the element. If you are using `ngModel` on the select, you
+ *   should not use `ngSelected` on the options, as `ngModel` will set the select value and
+ *   selected options.
+ * </div>
  *
  * @example
- * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+    <example name="ng-selected">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"></label><br/>
+        <select aria-label="ngSelected demo">
+          <option>Hello!</option>
+          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
+        </select>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('selected')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element OPTION
+ * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
  */
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBlur
+ * @name ngOpen
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
  *
  * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
  *
- * A [blur event](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/blur) fires when
- * an element has lost focus.
+ * Sets the `open` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngOpen` is truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `open`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
- * Note: As the `blur` event is executed synchronously also during DOM manipulations
- * (e.g. removing a focussed input),
- * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
- * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ * ## A note about browser compatibility
  *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * blur. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * Internet Explorer and Edge do not support the `details` element, it is
+ * recommended to use {@link ng.ngShow} and {@link ng.ngHide} instead.
  *
  * @example
- * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+     <example name="ng-open">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <label>Toggle details: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"></label><br/>
+         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
+            <summary>List</summary>
+            <ul>
+              <li>Apple</li>
+              <li>Orange</li>
+              <li>Durian</li>
+            </ul>
+         </details>
+       </file>
+       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should toggle open', function() {
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
+           element(by.model('open')).click();
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
+         });
+       </file>
+     </example>
+ *
+ * @element DETAILS
+ * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
+
+// boolean attrs are evaluated
+forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
+  // binding to multiple is not supported
+  if (propName === 'multiple') return;
+
+  function defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+    scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
+      attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
+    });
+  }
+
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  var linkFn = defaultLinkFn;
+
+  if (propName === 'checked') {
+    linkFn = function(scope, element, attr) {
+      // ensuring ngChecked doesn't interfere with ngModel when both are set on the same input
+      if (attr.ngModel !== attr[normalized]) {
+        defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'A',
+      priority: 100,
+      link: linkFn
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// aliased input attrs are evaluated
+forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 100,
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
+        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
+        if (ngAttr === 'ngPattern' && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) === '/') {
+          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
+          if (match) {
+            attr.$set('ngPattern', new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
+          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
+forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+    return {
+      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var propName = attrName,
+            name = attrName;
+
+        if (attrName === 'href' &&
+            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+          name = 'xlinkHref';
+          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
+          propName = null;
+        }
+
+        // We need to sanitize the url at least once, in case it is a constant
+        // non-interpolated attribute.
+        attr.$set(normalized, $sce.getTrustedMediaUrl(attr[normalized]));
+
+        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
+          if (!value) {
+            if (attrName === 'href') {
+              attr.$set(name, null);
+            }
+            return;
+          }
+
+          attr.$set(name, value);
+
+          // Support: IE 9-11 only
+          // On IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
+          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
+          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
+          // We use attr[attrName] value since $set might have sanitized the url.
+          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+});
+
+/* global -nullFormCtrl, -PENDING_CLASS, -SUBMITTED_CLASS
  */
+var nullFormCtrl = {
+  $addControl: noop,
+  $getControls: valueFn([]),
+  $$renameControl: nullFormRenameControl,
+  $removeControl: noop,
+  $setValidity: noop,
+  $setDirty: noop,
+  $setPristine: noop,
+  $setSubmitted: noop,
+  $$setSubmitted: noop
+},
+PENDING_CLASS = 'ng-pending',
+SUBMITTED_CLASS = 'ng-submitted';
+
+function nullFormRenameControl(control, name) {
+  control.$name = name;
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCopy
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name form.FormController
  *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
+ * @property {boolean} $submitted True if user has submitted the form even if its invalid.
  *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * copy. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * @property {Object} $pending An object hash, containing references to controls or forms with
+ *  pending validators, where:
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-copy="copied=true" ng-init="copied=false; value='copy me'" ng-model="value">
-      copied: {{copied}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCut
+ *  - keys are validations tokens (error names).
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a pending validator for the given error name.
  *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
+ * See {@link form.FormController#$error $error} for a list of built-in validation tokens.
  *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * cut. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * @property {Object} $error An object hash, containing references to controls or forms with failing
+ *  validators, where:
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-cut="cut=true" ng-init="cut=false; value='cut me'" ng-model="value">
-      cut: {{cut}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngPaste
+ *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a failing validator for the given error name.
+ *
+ *  Built-in validation tokens:
+ *  - `email`
+ *  - `max`
+ *  - `maxlength`
+ *  - `min`
+ *  - `minlength`
+ *  - `number`
+ *  - `pattern`
+ *  - `required`
+ *  - `url`
+ *  - `date`
+ *  - `datetimelocal`
+ *  - `time`
+ *  - `week`
+ *  - `month`
  *
  * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
+ * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
+ * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
  *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * paste. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
+ * of `FormController`.
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-paste="paste=true" ng-init="paste=false" placeholder='paste here'>
-      pasted: {{paste}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
  */
+//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate', '$interpolate'];
+function FormController($element, $attrs, $scope, $animate, $interpolate) {
+  this.$$controls = [];
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngIf
- * @restrict A
- * @multiElement
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
- * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
- * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
- * element is reinserted into the DOM.
- *
- * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
- * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
- * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
- * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
- *
- * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
- * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
- * its parent scope using
- * [prototypal inheritance](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes#javascript-prototypal-inheritance).
- * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
- * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
- * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
- *
- * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
- * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
- * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
- * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
- *
- * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
- * and `leave` effects.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                               |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | just after the `ngIf` contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the `ngIf` container |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | just before the `ngIf` contents are removed from the DOM |
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @scope
- * @priority 600
- * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
- *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
- *     element is added to the DOM tree.
- *
- * @example
-  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <label>Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /></label><br/>
-      Show when checked:
-      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
-        This is removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
-      </span>
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .animate-if {
-        background:white;
-        border:1px solid black;
-        padding:10px;
-      }
+  // init state
+  this.$error = {};
+  this.$$success = {};
+  this.$pending = undefined;
+  this.$name = $interpolate($attrs.name || $attrs.ngForm || '')($scope);
+  this.$dirty = false;
+  this.$pristine = true;
+  this.$valid = true;
+  this.$invalid = false;
+  this.$submitted = false;
+  this.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
 
-      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
-        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
-      }
+  this.$$element = $element;
+  this.$$animate = $animate;
 
-      .animate-if.ng-enter,
-      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
-        opacity:0;
-      }
+  setupValidity(this);
+}
 
-      .animate-if.ng-leave,
-      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
-        opacity:1;
+FormController.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
+   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
+   */
+  $rollbackViewValue: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$rollbackViewValue();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  $commitViewValue: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$commitViewValue();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a control with the form. Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically
+   * when they are linked.
+   *
+   * Note that the current state of the control will not be reflected on the new parent form. This
+   * is not an issue with normal use, as freshly compiled and linked controls are in a `$pristine`
+   * state.
+   *
+   * However, if the method is used programmatically, for example by adding dynamically created controls,
+   * or controls that have been previously removed without destroying their corresponding DOM element,
+   * it's the developers responsibility to make sure the current state propagates to the parent form.
+   *
+   * For example, if an input control is added that is already `$dirty` and has `$error` properties,
+   * calling `$setDirty()` and `$validate()` afterwards will propagate the state to the parent form.
+   */
+  $addControl: function(control) {
+    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
+    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
+    this.$$controls.push(control);
+
+    if (control.$name) {
+      this[control.$name] = control;
+    }
+
+    control.$$parentForm = this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$getControls
+   * @returns {Array} the controls that are currently part of this form
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method returns a **shallow copy** of the controls that are currently part of this form.
+   * The controls can be instances of {@link form.FormController `FormController`}
+   * ({@link ngForm "child-forms"}) and of {@link ngModel.NgModelController `NgModelController`}.
+   * If you need access to the controls of child-forms, you have to call `$getControls()`
+   * recursively on them.
+   * This can be used for example to iterate over all controls to validate them.
+   *
+   * The controls can be accessed normally, but adding to, or removing controls from the array has
+   * no effect on the form. Instead, use {@link form.FormController#$addControl `$addControl()`} and
+   * {@link form.FormController#$removeControl `$removeControl()`} for this use-case.
+   * Likewise, adding a control to, or removing a control from the form is not reflected
+   * in the shallow copy. That means you should get a fresh copy from `$getControls()` every time
+   * you need access to the controls.
+   */
+  $getControls: function() {
+    return shallowCopy(this.$$controls);
+  },
+
+  // Private API: rename a form control
+  $$renameControl: function(control, newName) {
+    var oldName = control.$name;
+
+    if (this[oldName] === control) {
+      delete this[oldName];
+    }
+    this[newName] = control;
+    control.$name = newName;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Deregister a control from the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
+   *
+   * Note that only the removed control's validation state (`$errors`etc.) will be removed from the
+   * form. `$dirty`, `$submitted` states will not be changed, because the expected behavior can be
+   * different from case to case. For example, removing the only `$dirty` control from a form may or
+   * may not mean that the form is still `$dirty`.
+   */
+  $removeControl: function(control) {
+    if (control.$name && this[control.$name] === control) {
+      delete this[control.$name];
+    }
+    forEach(this.$pending, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+    forEach(this.$error, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+    forEach(this.$$success, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+
+    arrayRemove(this.$$controls, control);
+    control.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
+   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  $setDirty: function() {
+    this.$$animate.removeClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    this.$dirty = true;
+    this.$pristine = false;
+    this.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method sets the form's `$pristine` state to true, the `$dirty` state to false, removes
+   * the `ng-dirty` class and adds the `ng-pristine` class. Additionally, it sets the `$submitted`
+   * state to false.
+   *
+   * This method will also propagate to all the controls contained in this form.
+   *
+   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
+   * saving or resetting it.
+   */
+  $setPristine: function() {
+    this.$$animate.setClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS, DIRTY_CLASS + ' ' + SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    this.$dirty = false;
+    this.$pristine = true;
+    this.$submitted = false;
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setPristine();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the form controls to their
+   * untouched state (ng-untouched class).
+   *
+   * Setting a form controls back to their untouched state is often useful when setting the form
+   * back to its pristine state.
+   */
+  $setUntouched: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setUntouched();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setSubmitted
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its `$submitted` state. This will also set `$submitted` on all child and
+   * parent forms of the form.
+   */
+  $setSubmitted: function() {
+    var rootForm = this;
+    while (rootForm.$$parentForm && (rootForm.$$parentForm !== nullFormCtrl)) {
+      rootForm = rootForm.$$parentForm;
+    }
+    rootForm.$$setSubmitted();
+  },
+
+  $$setSubmitted: function() {
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    this.$submitted = true;
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      if (control.$$setSubmitted) {
+        control.$$setSubmitted();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Change the validity state of the form, and notify the parent form (if any).
+ *
+ * Application developers will rarely need to call this method directly. It is used internally, by
+ * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity NgModelController.$setValidity()}, to propagate a
+ * control's validity state to the parent `FormController`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be
+ *        assigned to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]` (for
+ *        unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding. The
+ *        `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case for
+ *        class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and
+ *        `ng-invalid-my-error` classes and can be bound to as `{{ someForm.$error.myError }}`.
+ * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending
+ *        (undefined),  or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
+ *        Skipped is used by AngularJS when validators do not run because of parse errors and when
+ *        `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
+ * @param {NgModelController | FormController} controller - The controller whose validity state is
+ *        triggering the change.
+ */
+addSetValidityMethod({
+  clazz: FormController,
+  set: function(object, property, controller) {
+    var list = object[property];
+    if (!list) {
+      object[property] = [controller];
+    } else {
+      var index = list.indexOf(controller);
+      if (index === -1) {
+        list.push(controller);
       }
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
-  return {
-    multiElement: true,
-    transclude: 'element',
-    priority: 600,
-    terminal: true,
-    restrict: 'A',
-    $$tlb: true,
-    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
-        var block, childScope, previousElements;
-        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {
-
-          if (value) {
-            if (!childScope) {
-              $transclude(function(clone, newScope) {
-                childScope = newScope;
-                clone[clone.length++] = $compile.$$createComment('end ngIf', $attr.ngIf);
-                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
-                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
-                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
-                block = {
-                  clone: clone
-                };
-                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
-              });
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (previousElements) {
-              previousElements.remove();
-              previousElements = null;
-            }
-            if (childScope) {
-              childScope.$destroy();
-              childScope = null;
-            }
-            if (block) {
-              previousElements = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
-              $animate.leave(previousElements).then(function() {
-                previousElements = null;
-              });
-              block = null;
-            }
-          }
-        });
     }
-  };
-}];
+  },
+  unset: function(object, property, controller) {
+    var list = object[property];
+    if (!list) {
+      return;
+    }
+    arrayRemove(list, controller);
+    if (list.length === 0) {
+      delete object[property];
+    }
+  }
+});
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngInclude
- * @restrict ECA
+ * @name ngForm
+ * @restrict EAC
  *
  * @description
- * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
+ * Helper directive that makes it possible to create control groups inside a
+ * {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive.
+ * These "child forms" can be used, for example, to determine the validity of a sub-group of
+ * controls.
  *
- * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
- * application document. This is done by calling {@link $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
- * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
- * you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist them} or
- * {@link $sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} as trusted values. Refer to Angular's {@link
- * ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note**: `ngForm` cannot be used as a replacement for `<form>`, because it lacks its
+ * [built-in HTML functionality](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-form-element).
+ * Specifically, you cannot submit `ngForm` like a `<form>` tag. That means,
+ * you cannot send data to the server with `ngForm`, or integrate it with
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit `ngSubmit`}.
+ * </div>
  *
- * In addition, the browser's
- * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
- * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
- * policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
- * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
- * access on some browsers.
+ * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will
+ *                              be published into the related scope, under this name.
  *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | when the expression changes, on the new include |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | when the expression changes, on the old include |
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name form
+ * @restrict E
  *
- * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
+ * @description
+ * Directive that instantiates
+ * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
  *
- * @scope
- * @priority 400
- *
- * @param {string} ngInclude|src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
- *                 make sure you wrap it in **single** quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
- * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
- *                  <div class="alert alert-warning">
- *                  **Note:** When using onload on SVG elements in IE11, the browser will try to call
- *                  a function with the name on the window element, which will usually throw a
- *                  "function is undefined" error. To fix this, you can instead use `data-onload` or a
- *                  different form that {@link guide/directive#normalization matches} `onload`.
- *                  </div>
-   *
- * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
- *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
+ * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
+ * this name.
+ *
+ * ## Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
+ *
+ * In AngularJS, forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
+ * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
+ * AngularJS provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive, which behaves identically to
+ * `form` but can be nested. Nested forms can be useful, for example, if the validity of a sub-group
+ * of controls needs to be determined.
+ *
+ * ## CSS classes
+ *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
+ *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
+ *  - `ng-pending` is set if the form is pending.
+ *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
+ *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
+ *  - `ng-submitted` is set if the form was submitted.
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Submitting a form and preventing the default action
+ *
+ * Since the role of forms in client-side AngularJS applications is different than in classical
+ * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
+ * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
+ * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
+ *
+ * For this reason, AngularJS prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
+ * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
+ *
+ * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
+ * a form is submitted:
+ *
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
+  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
+ *
+ * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
+ * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
+ * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
+ *
+ * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
+ * (`ngSubmit`)
+ * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
+ * doesn't trigger submit
+ * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
+ * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
+ * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
+ *
+ * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
+ * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
+ * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
+ * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
+ * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
+ * as JS animations.
  *
- *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
- *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
- *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-form {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-form.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
  *
  * @example
-  <example module="includeExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
-        <option value="">(blank)</option>
-       </select>
-       url of the template: <code>{{template.url}}</code>
-       <hr/>
-       <div class="slide-animate-container">
-         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
-       </div>
-     </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('includeExample', ['ngAnimate'])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.templates =
-            [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'},
-              { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'} ];
-          $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
-        }]);
-     </file>
-    <file name="template1.html">
-      Content of template1.html
-    </file>
-    <file name="template2.html">
-      Content of template2.html
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .slide-animate-container {
-        position:relative;
-        background:white;
-        border:1px solid black;
-        height:40px;
-        overflow:hidden;
-      }
+    <example name="ng-form" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('formExample', [])
+           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.userType = 'guest';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <style>
+        .my-form {
+          transition:all linear 0.5s;
+          background: transparent;
+        }
+        .my-form.ng-invalid {
+          background: red;
+        }
+       </style>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
+         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
+         <code>userType = {{userType}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br>
+        </form>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-      .slide-animate {
-        padding:10px;
-      }
+          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
 
-      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
-        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));
 
-        position:absolute;
-        top:0;
-        left:0;
-        right:0;
-        bottom:0;
-        display:block;
-        padding:10px;
-      }
+          userInput.clear();
+          userInput.sendKeys('');
 
-      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
-        top:-50px;
-      }
-      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
-        top:0;
-      }
+          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ */
+var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
+  return ['$timeout', '$parse', function($timeout, $parse) {
+    var formDirective = {
+      name: 'form',
+      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
+      require: ['form', '^^?form'], //first is the form's own ctrl, second is an optional parent form
+      controller: FormController,
+      compile: function ngFormCompile(formElement, attr) {
+        // Setup initial state of the control
+        formElement.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
 
-      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
-        top:0;
-      }
-      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
-        top:50px;
-      }
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var templateSelect = element(by.model('template'));
-      var includeElem = element(by.css('[ng-include]'));
+        var nameAttr = attr.name ? 'name' : (isNgForm && attr.ngForm ? 'ngForm' : false);
 
-      it('should load template1.html', function() {
-        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
-      });
+        return {
+          pre: function ngFormPreLink(scope, formElement, attr, ctrls) {
+            var controller = ctrls[0];
 
-      it('should load template2.html', function() {
-        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
-          // Firefox can't handle using selects
-          // See https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/480
-          return;
-        }
-        templateSelect.click();
-        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
-        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
-      });
+            // if `action` attr is not present on the form, prevent the default action (submission)
+            if (!('action' in attr)) {
+              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
+              // action is not prevented. see #1238
+              //
+              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
+              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
+              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
+              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
+                scope.$apply(function() {
+                  controller.$commitViewValue();
+                  controller.$setSubmitted();
+                });
+
+                event.preventDefault();
+              };
+
+              formElement[0].addEventListener('submit', handleFormSubmission);
+
+              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
+              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
+              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                $timeout(function() {
+                  formElement[0].removeEventListener('submit', handleFormSubmission);
+                }, 0, false);
+              });
+            }
+
+            var parentFormCtrl = ctrls[1] || controller.$$parentForm;
+            parentFormCtrl.$addControl(controller);
+
+            var setter = nameAttr ? getSetter(controller.$name) : noop;
+
+            if (nameAttr) {
+              setter(scope, controller);
+              attr.$observe(nameAttr, function(newValue) {
+                if (controller.$name === newValue) return;
+                setter(scope, undefined);
+                controller.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(controller, newValue);
+                setter = getSetter(controller.$name);
+                setter(scope, controller);
+              });
+            }
+            formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+              controller.$$parentForm.$removeControl(controller);
+              setter(scope, undefined);
+              extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
+            });
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
 
-      it('should change to blank', function() {
-        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
-          // Firefox can't handle using selects
-          return;
-        }
-        templateSelect.click();
-        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(0).click();
-        expect(includeElem.isPresent()).toBe(false);
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
+    return formDirective;
 
+    function getSetter(expression) {
+      if (expression === '') {
+        //create an assignable expression, so forms with an empty name can be renamed later
+        return $parse('this[""]').assign;
+      }
+      return $parse(expression).assign || noop;
+    }
+  }];
+};
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc event
- * @name ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
- * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
- * @description
- * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
- *
- * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
- * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
- */
+var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
+var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
 
+/* global
+  VALID_CLASS: false,
+  INVALID_CLASS: false,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: false,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: false,
+  ngModelMinErr: false
+*/
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc event
- * @name ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
- * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
- * @description
- * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
- *
- * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
- * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
- */
+// Regex code was initially obtained from SO prior to modification: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3143070/javascript-regex-iso-datetime#answer-3143231
+var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /^\d{4,}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+(?:[+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)$/;
+// See valid URLs in RFC3987 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987)
+// Note: We are being more lenient, because browsers are too.
+//   1. Scheme
+//   2. Slashes
+//   3. Username
+//   4. Password
+//   5. Hostname
+//   6. Port
+//   7. Path
+//   8. Query
+//   9. Fragment
+//                 1111111111111111 222   333333    44444        55555555555555555555555     666     77777777     8888888     999
+var URL_REGEXP = /^[a-z][a-z\d.+-]*:\/*(?:[^:@]+(?::[^@]+)?@)?(?:[^\s:/?#]+|\[[a-f\d:]+])(?::\d+)?(?:\/[^?#]*)?(?:\?[^#]*)?(?:#.*)?$/i;
+// eslint-disable-next-line max-len
+var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^(?=.{1,254}$)(?=.{1,64}@)[-!#$%&'*+/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?)*$/;
+var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))([eE][+-]?\d+)?\s*$/;
+var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
+var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-W(\d\d)$/;
+var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)$/;
+var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
 
+var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS = 'keydown wheel mousedown';
+var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES = createMap();
+forEach('date,datetime-local,month,time,week'.split(','), function(type) {
+  PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] = true;
+});
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc event
- * @name ngInclude#$includeContentError
- * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
- * @description
- * Emitted when a template HTTP request yields an erroneous response (status < 200 || status > 299)
- *
- * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
- * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
- */
-var ngIncludeDirective = ['$templateRequest', '$anchorScroll', '$animate',
-                  function($templateRequest,   $anchorScroll,   $animate) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'ECA',
-    priority: 400,
-    terminal: true,
-    transclude: 'element',
-    controller: angular.noop,
-    compile: function(element, attr) {
-      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
-          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
-          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;
-
-      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
-        var changeCounter = 0,
-            currentScope,
-            previousElement,
-            currentElement;
-
-        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
-          if (previousElement) {
-            previousElement.remove();
-            previousElement = null;
-          }
-          if (currentScope) {
-            currentScope.$destroy();
-            currentScope = null;
-          }
-          if (currentElement) {
-            $animate.leave(currentElement).then(function() {
-              previousElement = null;
-            });
-            previousElement = currentElement;
-            currentElement = null;
-          }
-        };
+var inputType = {
 
-        scope.$watch(srcExp, function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
-          var afterAnimation = function() {
-            if (isDefined(autoScrollExp) && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
-              $anchorScroll();
-            }
-          };
-          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;
-
-          if (src) {
-            //set the 2nd param to true to ignore the template request error so that the inner
-            //contents and scope can be cleaned up.
-            $templateRequest(src, true).then(function(response) {
-              if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
-
-              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
-              var newScope = scope.$new();
-              ctrl.template = response;
-
-              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
-              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
-              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
-              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
-              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
-              // directives to non existing elements.
-              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
-                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
-                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element).then(afterAnimation);
-              });
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[text]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Standard HTML text input with AngularJS data binding, inherited by most of the `input` elements.
+   *
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+   *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+   *    input.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 text: 'guest',
+                 word: /^\s*\w*\s*$/
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Single word:
+             <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="example.text"
+                    ng-pattern="example.word" required ng-trim="false">
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
+               Single word only!</span>
+           </div>
+           <code>text = {{example.text}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('example.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.text'));
 
-              currentScope = newScope;
-              currentElement = clone;
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
 
-              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded', src);
-              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
-            }, function() {
-              if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
 
-              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) {
-                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
-                scope.$emit('$includeContentError', src);
-              }
-            });
-            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested', src);
-          } else {
-            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
-            ctrl.template = null;
-          }
-        });
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
 
-// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
-// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
-// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
-// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
-// is called.
-var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
-  function($compile) {
-    return {
-      restrict: 'ECA',
-      priority: -400,
-      require: 'ngInclude',
-      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
-        if (toString.call($element[0]).match(/SVG/)) {
-          // WebKit: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=135698 --- SVG elements do not
-          // support innerHTML, so detect this here and try to generate the contents
-          // specially.
-          $element.empty();
-          $compile(jqLiteBuildFragment(ctrl.template, window.document).childNodes)(scope,
-              function namespaceAdaptedClone(clone) {
-            $element.append(clone);
-          }, {futureParentElement: $element});
-          return;
-        }
+          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('hello world');
 
-        $element.html(ctrl.template);
-        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
-      }
-    };
-  }];
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'text': textInputType,
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngInit
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
- * current scope.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * This directive can be abused to add unnecessary amounts of logic into your templates.
- * There are only a few appropriate uses of `ngInit`, such as for aliasing special properties of
- * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as seen in the demo below; and for injecting data via
- * server side scripting. Besides these few cases, you should use {@link guide/controller controllers}
- * rather than `ngInit` to initialize values on a scope.
- * </div>
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note**: If you have assignment in `ngInit` along with a {@link ng.$filter `filter`}, make
- * sure you have parentheses to ensure correct operator precedence:
- * <pre class="prettyprint">
- * `<div ng-init="test1 = ($index | toString)"></div>`
- * </pre>
- * </div>
- *
- * @priority 450
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="initExample">
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc input
+     * @name input[date]
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
+     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
+     * expected input format via a placeholder or label.
+     *
+     * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+     * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+     *
+     * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+     *
+     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+     *   valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `min="{{minDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
+     *   a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `max="{{maxDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+     *    interaction with the input element.
+     *
+     * @example
+     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
      <file name="index.html">
-   <script>
-     angular.module('initExample', [])
-       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-         $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
-       }]);
-   </script>
-   <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
-       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
-          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
-       </div>
-     </div>
-   </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should alias index positions', function() {
-         var elements = element.all(by.css('.example-init'));
-         expect(elements.get(0).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;');
-         expect(elements.get(1).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;');
-         expect(elements.get(2).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;');
-         expect(elements.get(3).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
-       });
+       <script>
+          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
+            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.example = {
+                value: new Date(2013, 9, 22)
+              };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+          <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date in 2013:</label>
+          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
+          <div role="alert">
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                Required!</span>
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
+                Not a valid date!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+       </form>
      </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
-  priority: 450,
-  compile: function() {
-    return {
-      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
-        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
-      }
-    };
-  }
-});
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
+        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngList
- *
- * @description
- * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The default
- * delimiter is a comma followed by a space - equivalent to `ng-list=", "`. You can specify a custom
- * delimiter as the value of the `ngList` attribute - for example, `ng-list=" | "`.
- *
- * The behaviour of the directive is affected by the use of the `ngTrim` attribute.
- * * If `ngTrim` is set to `"false"` then whitespace around both the separator and each
- *   list item is respected. This implies that the user of the directive is responsible for
- *   dealing with whitespace but also allows you to use whitespace as a delimiter, such as a
- *   tab or newline character.
- * * Otherwise whitespace around the delimiter is ignored when splitting (although it is respected
- *   when joining the list items back together) and whitespace around each list item is stripped
- *   before it is added to the model.
- *
- * ### Example with Validation
- *
- * <example name="ngList-directive" module="listExample">
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *      angular.module('listExample', [])
- *        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *          $scope.names = ['morpheus', 'neo', 'trinity'];
- *        }]);
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *    <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *      <label>List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required></label>
- *      <span role="alert">
- *        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
- *        Required!</span>
- *      </span>
- *      <br>
- *      <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
- *     </form>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     var listInput = element(by.model('names'));
- *     var names = element(by.exactBinding('names'));
- *     var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid'));
- *     var error = element(by.css('span.error'));
- *
- *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
- *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('["morpheus","neo","trinity"]');
- *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
- *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).toBe('none');
- *     });
- *
- *     it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
- *       listInput.clear();
- *       listInput.sendKeys('');
- *
- *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('');
- *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
- *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).not.toBe('none');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * ### Example - splitting on newline
- * <example name="ngList-directive-newlines">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *    <textarea ng-model="list" ng-list="&#10;" ng-trim="false"></textarea>
- *    <pre>{{ list | json }}</pre>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     it("should split the text by newlines", function() {
- *       var listInput = element(by.model('list'));
- *       var output = element(by.binding('list | json'));
- *       listInput.sendKeys('abc\ndef\nghi');
- *       expect(output.getText()).toContain('[\n  "abc",\n  "def",\n  "ghi"\n]');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * @element input
- * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value.
- */
-var ngListDirective = function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    priority: 100,
-    require: 'ngModel',
-    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-      // We want to control whitespace trimming so we use this convoluted approach
-      // to access the ngList attribute, which doesn't pre-trim the attribute
-      var ngList = element.attr(attr.$attr.ngList) || ', ';
-      var trimValues = attr.ngTrim !== 'false';
-      var separator = trimValues ? trim(ngList) : ngList;
-
-      var parse = function(viewValue) {
-        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
-        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;
-
-        var list = [];
-
-        if (viewValue) {
-          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
-            if (value) list.push(trimValues ? trim(value) : value);
-          });
+        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+        function setInput(val) {
+          // set the value of the element and force validation.
+          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+          browser.executeScript(scr);
         }
 
-        return list;
-      };
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+        });
 
-      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
-      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-        if (isArray(value)) {
-          return value.join(ngList);
-        }
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          setInput('');
+          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
 
-        return undefined;
-      });
+        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+          setInput('2015-01-01');
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
+     </file>
+     </example>
+     */
+  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
+         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
+         'yyyy-MM-dd'),
 
-      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
-      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-        return !value || !value.length;
-      };
-    }
-  };
-};
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[datetime-local]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57:00`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * The format of the displayed time can be adjusted with the
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions} `timeSecondsFormat`
+    * and `timeStripZeroSeconds`.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `min="{{minDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `min` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `max` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('dateExample', [])
+          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.example = {
+              value: new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57)
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date between in 2013:</label>
+        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss" min="2001-01-01T00:00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-/* global VALID_CLASS: true,
-  INVALID_CLASS: true,
-  PRISTINE_CLASS: true,
-  DIRTY_CLASS: true,
-  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: true,
-  TOUCHED_CLASS: true,
-*/
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
 
-var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
-    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
-    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
-    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty',
-    UNTOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-untouched',
-    TOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-touched',
-    PENDING_CLASS = 'ng-pending',
-    EMPTY_CLASS = 'ng-empty',
-    NOT_EMPTY_CLASS = 'ng-not-empty';
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
 
-var ngModelMinErr = minErr('ngModel');
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name ngModel.NgModelController
- *
- * @property {*} $viewValue The actual value from the control's view. For `input` elements, this is a
- * String. See {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue} for information about when the $viewValue
- * is set.
- * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model that the control is bound to.
- * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
-       the control reads value from the DOM. The functions are called in array order, each passing
-       its return value through to the next. The last return value is forwarded to the
-       {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} collection.
-
-Parsers are used to sanitize / convert the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue
-`$viewValue`}.
-
-Returning `undefined` from a parser means a parse error occurred. In that case,
-no {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} will run and the `ngModel`
-will be set to `undefined` unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}
-is set to `true`. The parse error is stored in `ngModel.$error.parse`.
-
- *
- * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
-       the model value changes. The functions are called in reverse array order, each passing the value through to the
-       next. The last return value is used as the actual DOM value.
-       Used to format / convert values for display in the control.
- * ```js
- * function formatter(value) {
- *   if (value) {
- *     return value.toUpperCase();
- *   }
- * }
- * ngModel.$formatters.push(formatter);
- * ```
- *
- * @property {Object.<string, function>} $validators A collection of validators that are applied
- *      whenever the model value changes. The key value within the object refers to the name of the
- *      validator while the function refers to the validation operation. The validation operation is
- *      provided with the model value as an argument and must return a true or false value depending
- *      on the response of that validation.
- *
- * ```js
- * ngModel.$validators.validCharacters = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
- *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
- *   return /[0-9]+/.test(value) &&
- *          /[a-z]+/.test(value) &&
- *          /[A-Z]+/.test(value) &&
- *          /\W+/.test(value);
- * };
- * ```
- *
- * @property {Object.<string, function>} $asyncValidators A collection of validations that are expected to
- *      perform an asynchronous validation (e.g. a HTTP request). The validation function that is provided
- *      is expected to return a promise when it is run during the model validation process. Once the promise
- *      is delivered then the validation status will be set to true when fulfilled and false when rejected.
- *      When the asynchronous validators are triggered, each of the validators will run in parallel and the model
- *      value will only be updated once all validators have been fulfilled. As long as an asynchronous validator
- *      is unfulfilled, its key will be added to the controllers `$pending` property. Also, all asynchronous validators
- *      will only run once all synchronous validators have passed.
- *
- * Please note that if $http is used then it is important that the server returns a success HTTP response code
- * in order to fulfill the validation and a status level of `4xx` in order to reject the validation.
- *
- * ```js
- * ngModel.$asyncValidators.uniqueUsername = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
- *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
- *
- *   // Lookup user by username
- *   return $http.get('/api/users/' + value).
- *      then(function resolved() {
- *        //username exists, this means validation fails
- *        return $q.reject('exists');
- *      }, function rejected() {
- *        //username does not exist, therefore this validation passes
- *        return true;
- *      });
- * };
- * ```
- *
- * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever the
- *     view value has changed. It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
- *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
- *
- * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all failing validator ids as keys.
- * @property {Object} $pending An object hash with all pending validator ids as keys.
- *
- * @property {boolean} $untouched True if control has not lost focus yet.
- * @property {boolean} $touched True if control has lost focus.
- * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
- * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
- * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
- * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
- * @property {string} $name The name attribute of the control.
- *
- * @description
- *
- * `NgModelController` provides API for the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} directive.
- * The controller contains services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting
- * and parsing. It purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or
- * listening to DOM events.
- * Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
- * `NgModelController` for data-binding to control elements.
- * Angular provides this DOM logic for most {@link input `input`} elements.
- * At the end of this page you can find a {@link ngModel.NgModelController#custom-control-example
- * custom control example} that uses `ngModelController` to bind to `contenteditable` elements.
- *
- * @example
- * ### Custom Control Example
- * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
- * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
- * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
- *
- * `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
- * contents be edited in place by the user.
- *
- * We are using the {@link ng.service:$sce $sce} service here and include the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize}
- * module to automatically remove "bad" content like inline event listener (e.g. `<span onclick="...">`).
- * However, as we are using `$sce` the model can still decide to provide unsafe content if it marks
- * that content using the `$sce` service.
- *
- * <example name="NgModelController" module="customControl" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
-    <file name="style.css">
-      [contenteditable] {
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background-color: white;
-        min-height: 20px;
-      }
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[time]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 time input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * local time format (HH:mm:ss), for example: `14:57:00`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
+   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1970, or local date `new Date(1970, 0, 1, HH, mm, ss)`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions}. By default,
+   * this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * The format of the displayed time can be adjusted with the
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions} `timeSecondsFormat`
+   * and `timeStripZeroSeconds`.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('timeExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a time between 8am and 5pm:</label>
+        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="HH:mm:ss" min="08:00:00" max="17:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-      .ng-invalid {
-        border: 1px solid red;
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
       }
 
-    </file>
-    <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('customControl', ['ngSanitize']).
-        directive('contenteditable', ['$sce', function($sce) {
-          return {
-            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
-            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
-            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
-              if (!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model
-
-              // Specify how UI should be updated
-              ngModel.$render = function() {
-                element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngModel.$viewValue || ''));
-              };
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
 
-              // Listen for change events to enable binding
-              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
-                scope.$evalAsync(read);
-              });
-              read(); // initialize
-
-              // Write data to the model
-              function read() {
-                var html = element.html();
-                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
-                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
-                if ( attrs.stripBr && html == '<br>' ) {
-                  html = '';
-                }
-                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
-              }
-            }
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+     'HH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[week]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The value of the resulting Date object will be set to Thursday at 00:00:00 of the requested week,
+    * due to ISO-8601 week numbering standards. Information on ISO's system for numbering the weeks of the
+    * year can be found at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Week_dates
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+      angular.module('weekExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 0, 3)
           };
         }]);
-    </file>
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <form name="myForm">
-       <div contenteditable
-            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
-            strip-br="true"
-            required>Change me!</div>
-        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
-       <hr>
-       <textarea ng-model="userContent" aria-label="Dynamic textarea"></textarea>
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label>Pick a date between in 2013:
+          <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                 placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32"
+                 max="2013-W52" required />
+        </label>
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
       </form>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-    it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
-      if (browser.params.browser == 'safari' || browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
-        // SafariDriver can't handle contenteditable
-        // and Firefox driver can't clear contenteditables very well
-        return;
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
       }
-      var contentEditable = element(by.css('[contenteditable]'));
-      var content = 'Change me!';
 
-      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual(content);
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
 
-      contentEditable.clear();
-      contentEditable.sendKeys(protractor.Key.BACK_SPACE);
-      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual('');
-      expect(contentEditable.getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
-    });
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-W01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
     </file>
- * </example>
- *
- *
- */
-var NgModelController = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse', '$animate', '$timeout', '$rootScope', '$q', '$interpolate',
-    function($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse, $animate, $timeout, $rootScope, $q, $interpolate) {
-  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
-  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
-  this.$$rawModelValue = undefined; // stores the parsed modelValue / model set from scope regardless of validity.
-  this.$validators = {};
-  this.$asyncValidators = {};
-  this.$parsers = [];
-  this.$formatters = [];
-  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
-  this.$untouched = true;
-  this.$touched = false;
-  this.$pristine = true;
-  this.$dirty = false;
-  this.$valid = true;
-  this.$invalid = false;
-  this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here
-  this.$$success = {}; // keep valid keys here
-  this.$pending = undefined; // keep pending keys here
-  this.$name = $interpolate($attr.name || '', false)($scope);
-  this.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
-
-  var parsedNgModel = $parse($attr.ngModel),
-      parsedNgModelAssign = parsedNgModel.assign,
-      ngModelGet = parsedNgModel,
-      ngModelSet = parsedNgModelAssign,
-      pendingDebounce = null,
-      parserValid,
-      ctrl = this;
-
-  this.$$setOptions = function(options) {
-    ctrl.$options = options;
-    if (options && options.getterSetter) {
-      var invokeModelGetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '()'),
-          invokeModelSetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '($$$p)');
-
-      ngModelGet = function($scope) {
-        var modelValue = parsedNgModel($scope);
-        if (isFunction(modelValue)) {
-          modelValue = invokeModelGetter($scope);
-        }
-        return modelValue;
-      };
-      ngModelSet = function($scope, newValue) {
-        if (isFunction(parsedNgModel($scope))) {
-          invokeModelSetter($scope, {$$$p: newValue});
-        } else {
-          parsedNgModelAssign($scope, newValue);
-        }
-      };
-    } else if (!parsedNgModel.assign) {
-      throw ngModelMinErr('nonassign', "Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}",
-          $attr.ngModel, startingTag($element));
-    }
-  };
+    </example>
+    */
+  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),
 
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$render
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[month]
    *
    * @description
-   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
-   * directive will implement this method.
+   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`.
    *
-   * The `$render()` method is invoked in the following situations:
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   * If the model is not set to the first of the month, the next view to model update will set it
+   * to the first of the month.
    *
-   * * `$rollbackViewValue()` is called.  If we are rolling back the view value to the last
-   *   committed value then `$render()` is called to update the input control.
-   * * The value referenced by `ng-model` is changed programmatically and both the `$modelValue` and
-   *   the `$viewValue` are different from last time.
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
    *
-   * Since `ng-model` does not do a deep watch, `$render()` is only invoked if the values of
-   * `$modelValue` and `$viewValue` are actually different from their previous values. If `$modelValue`
-   * or `$viewValue` are objects (rather than a string or number) then `$render()` will not be
-   * invoked if you only change a property on the objects.
-   */
-  this.$render = noop;
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of an input is empty.
-   *
-   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
-   *
-   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
-   *
-   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different from the
-   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
-   * implies empty.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
    *
-   * @param {*} value The value of the input to check for emptiness.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is "empty".
-   */
-  this.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
-  };
-
-  this.$$updateEmptyClasses = function(value) {
-    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
-      $animate.removeClass($element, NOT_EMPTY_CLASS);
-      $animate.addClass($element, EMPTY_CLASS);
-    } else {
-      $animate.removeClass($element, EMPTY_CLASS);
-      $animate.addClass($element, NOT_EMPTY_CLASS);
-    }
-  };
-
-
-  var currentValidationRunId = 0;
+   * @example
+   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('monthExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 9, 1)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+       <label for="exampleInput">Pick a month in 2013:</label>
+       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
+       <div role="alert">
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+            Required!</span>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
+            Not a valid month!</span>
+       </div>
+       <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Change the validity state, and notify the form.
-   *
-   * This method can be called within $parsers/$formatters or a custom validation implementation.
-   * However, in most cases it should be sufficient to use the `ngModel.$validators` and
-   * `ngModel.$asyncValidators` collections which will call `$setValidity` automatically.
-   *
-   * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be assigned
-   *        to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]`
-   *        (for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding.
-   *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
-   *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
-   *        class and can be bound to as  `{{someForm.someControl.$error.myError}}` .
-   * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending (undefined),
-   *                          or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
-   *                          Skipped is used by Angular when validators do not run because of parse errors and
-   *                          when `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
-   */
-  addSetValidityMethod({
-    ctrl: this,
-    $element: $element,
-    set: function(object, property) {
-      object[property] = true;
-    },
-    unset: function(object, property) {
-      delete object[property];
-    },
-    $animate: $animate
-  });
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-dirty` class and set the control to its pristine
-   * state (`ng-pristine` class). A model is considered to be pristine when the control
-   * has not been changed from when first compiled.
-   */
-  this.$setPristine = function() {
-    ctrl.$dirty = false;
-    ctrl.$pristine = true;
-    $animate.removeClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
-    $animate.addClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
-  };
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setDirty
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the control to its dirty state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-pristine` class and set the control to its dirty
-   * state (`ng-dirty` class). A model is considered to be dirty when the control has been changed
-   * from when first compiled.
-   */
-  this.$setDirty = function() {
-    ctrl.$dirty = true;
-    ctrl.$pristine = false;
-    $animate.removeClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
-    $animate.addClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
-    ctrl.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
-  };
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setUntouched
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the control to its untouched state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-touched` class and set the control to its
-   * untouched state (`ng-untouched` class). Upon compilation, a model is set as untouched
-   * by default, however this function can be used to restore that state if the model has
-   * already been touched by the user.
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
    */
-  this.$setUntouched = function() {
-    ctrl.$touched = false;
-    ctrl.$untouched = true;
-    $animate.setClass($element, UNTOUCHED_CLASS, TOUCHED_CLASS);
-  };
+  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
+     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
+     'yyyy-MM'),
 
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setTouched
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[number]
    *
    * @description
-   * Sets the control to its touched state.
+   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
+   * error if not a valid number.
    *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-untouched` class and set the control to its
-   * touched state (`ng-touched` class). A model is considered to be touched when the user has
-   * first focused the control element and then shifted focus away from the control (blur event).
-   */
-  this.$setTouched = function() {
-    ctrl.$touched = true;
-    ctrl.$untouched = false;
-    $animate.setClass($element, TOUCHED_CLASS, UNTOUCHED_CLASS);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * The model must always be of type `number` otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Be aware that a string containing a number is not enough. See the {@link ngModel:numfmt}
+   * error docs for more information and an example of how to convert your model if necessary.
+   * </div>
    *
-   * @description
-   * Cancel an update and reset the input element's value to prevent an update to the `$modelValue`,
-   * which may be caused by a pending debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some
-   * future event.
    *
-   * If you have an input that uses `ng-model-options` to set up debounced updates or updates that
-   * depend on special events such as blur, you can have a situation where there is a period when
-   * the `$viewValue` is out of sync with the ngModel's `$modelValue`.
    *
-   * In this case, you can use `$rollbackViewValue()` to manually cancel the debounced / future update
-   * and reset the input to the last committed view value.
+   * @knownIssue
    *
-   * It is also possible that you run into difficulties if you try to update the ngModel's `$modelValue`
-   * programmatically before these debounced/future events have resolved/occurred, because Angular's
-   * dirty checking mechanism is not able to tell whether the model has actually changed or not.
+   * ### HTML5 constraint validation and `allowInvalid`
    *
-   * The `$rollbackViewValue()` method should be called before programmatically changing the model of an
-   * input which may have such events pending. This is important in order to make sure that the
-   * input field will be updated with the new model value and any pending operations are cancelled.
+   * In browsers that follow the
+   * [HTML5 specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#number-state-%28type=number%29),
+   * `input[number]` does not work as expected with {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}.
+   * If a non-number is entered in the input, the browser will report the value as an empty string,
+   * which means the view / model values in `ngModel` and subsequently the scope value
+   * will also be an empty string.
    *
-   * <example name="ng-model-cancel-update" module="cancel-update-example">
-   *   <file name="app.js">
-   *     angular.module('cancel-update-example', [])
+   * @knownIssue
    *
-   *     .controller('CancelUpdateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-   *       $scope.model = {};
+   * ### Large numbers and `step` validation
    *
-   *       $scope.setEmpty = function(e, value, rollback) {
-   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
-   *           e.preventDefault();
-   *           if (rollback) {
-   *             $scope.myForm[value].$rollbackViewValue();
-   *           }
-   *           $scope.model[value] = '';
-   *         }
-   *       };
-   *     }]);
-   *   </file>
-   *   <file name="index.html">
-   *     <div ng-controller="CancelUpdateController">
-   *        <p>Both of these inputs are only updated if they are blurred. Hitting escape should
-   *        empty them. Follow these steps and observe the difference:</p>
-   *       <ol>
-   *         <li>Type something in the input. You will see that the model is not yet updated</li>
-   *         <li>Press the Escape key.
-   *           <ol>
-   *             <li> In the first example, nothing happens, because the model is already '', and no
-   *             update is detected. If you blur the input, the model will be set to the current view.
-   *             </li>
-   *             <li> In the second example, the pending update is cancelled, and the input is set back
-   *             to the last committed view value (''). Blurring the input does nothing.
-   *             </li>
-   *           </ol>
-   *         </li>
-   *       </ol>
+   * The `step` validation will not work correctly for very large numbers (e.g. 9999999999) due to
+   * Javascript's arithmetic limitations. If you need to handle large numbers, purpose-built
+   * libraries (e.g. https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/), can be included into AngularJS by
+   * {@link guide/forms#modifying-built-in-validators overwriting the validators}
+   * for `number` and / or `step`, or by {@link guide/forms#custom-validation applying custom validators}
+   * to an `input[text]` element. The source for `input[number]` type can be used as a starting
+   * point for both implementations.
    *
-   *       <form name="myForm" ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }">
-   *         <div>
-   *        <p id="inputDescription1">Without $rollbackViewValue():</p>
-   *         <input name="value1" aria-describedby="inputDescription1" ng-model="model.value1"
-   *                ng-keydown="setEmpty($event, 'value1')">
-   *         value1: "{{ model.value1 }}"
-   *         </div>
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} ngMin Like `min`, sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `ngMin`,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} ngMax Like `max`, sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `ngMax`,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} step Sets the `step` validation error key if the value entered does not fit the `step` constraint.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} ngStep Like `step`, sets the `step` validation error key if the value entered does not fit the `ngStep` constraint,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
    *
-   *         <div>
-   *        <p id="inputDescription2">With $rollbackViewValue():</p>
-   *         <input name="value2" aria-describedby="inputDescription2" ng-model="model.value2"
-   *                ng-keydown="setEmpty($event, 'value2', true)">
-   *         value2: "{{ model.value2 }}"
-   *         </div>
-   *       </form>
-   *     </div>
-   *   </file>
-       <file name="style.css">
-          div {
-            display: table-cell;
-          }
-          div:nth-child(1) {
-            padding-right: 30px;
-          }
+   * @example
+      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('numberExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 value: 12
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Number:
+             <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                    min="0" max="99" required>
+          </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
+               Not valid number!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var value = element(by.binding('example.value'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
 
+          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('123');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
         </file>
-   * </example>
+      </example>
    */
-  this.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
-    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
-    ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
-    ctrl.$render();
-  };
+  'number': numberInputType,
+
 
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$validate
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[url]
    *
    * @description
-   * Runs each of the registered validators (first synchronous validators and then
-   * asynchronous validators).
-   * If the validity changes to invalid, the model will be set to `undefined`,
-   * unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`} is `true`.
-   * If the validity changes to valid, it will set the model to the last available valid
-   * `$modelValue`, i.e. either the last parsed value or the last value set from the scope.
-   */
-  this.$validate = function() {
-    // ignore $validate before model is initialized
-    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
-    // Note: we use the $$rawModelValue as $modelValue might have been
-    // set to undefined during a view -> model update that found validation
-    // errors. We can't parse the view here, since that could change
-    // the model although neither viewValue nor the model on the scope changed
-    var modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue;
-
-    var prevValid = ctrl.$valid;
-    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
-
-    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
-
-    ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue, function(allValid) {
-      // If there was no change in validity, don't update the model
-      // This prevents changing an invalid modelValue to undefined
-      if (!allowInvalid && prevValid !== allValid) {
-        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
-        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
-        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
-        // to calculate their validity.
-        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
-
-        if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
-          ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
-        }
-      }
-    });
-
-  };
-
-  this.$$runValidators = function(modelValue, viewValue, doneCallback) {
-    currentValidationRunId++;
-    var localValidationRunId = currentValidationRunId;
-
-    // check parser error
-    if (!processParseErrors()) {
-      validationDone(false);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (!processSyncValidators()) {
-      validationDone(false);
-      return;
-    }
-    processAsyncValidators();
+   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
+   * valid URL.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[url]` uses a regex to validate urls that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation, you can use `ng-pattern` or modify
+   * the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('urlExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.url = {
+                 text: 'http://google.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>URL:
+             <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="url.text" required>
+           <label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
+               Not valid url!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>text = {{url.text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('url.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('url.text'));
 
-    function processParseErrors() {
-      var errorKey = ctrl.$$parserName || 'parse';
-      if (isUndefined(parserValid)) {
-        setValidity(errorKey, null);
-      } else {
-        if (!parserValid) {
-          forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(v, name) {
-            setValidity(name, null);
-          });
-          forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
-            setValidity(name, null);
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
           });
-        }
-        // Set the parse error last, to prevent unsetting it, should a $validators key == parserName
-        setValidity(errorKey, parserValid);
-        return parserValid;
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
 
-    function processSyncValidators() {
-      var syncValidatorsValid = true;
-      forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(validator, name) {
-        var result = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
-        syncValidatorsValid = syncValidatorsValid && result;
-        setValidity(name, result);
-      });
-      if (!syncValidatorsValid) {
-        forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
-          setValidity(name, null);
-        });
-        return false;
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
 
-    function processAsyncValidators() {
-      var validatorPromises = [];
-      var allValid = true;
-      forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(validator, name) {
-        var promise = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
-        if (!isPromiseLike(promise)) {
-          throw ngModelMinErr('nopromise',
-            "Expected asynchronous validator to return a promise but got '{0}' instead.", promise);
-        }
-        setValidity(name, undefined);
-        validatorPromises.push(promise.then(function() {
-          setValidity(name, true);
-        }, function() {
-          allValid = false;
-          setValidity(name, false);
-        }));
-      });
-      if (!validatorPromises.length) {
-        validationDone(true);
-      } else {
-        $q.all(validatorPromises).then(function() {
-          validationDone(allValid);
-        }, noop);
-      }
-    }
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
 
-    function setValidity(name, isValid) {
-      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
-        ctrl.$setValidity(name, isValid);
-      }
-    }
+          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('box');
 
-    function validationDone(allValid) {
-      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'url': urlInputType,
 
-        doneCallback(allValid);
-      }
-    }
-  };
 
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$commitViewValue
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[email]
    *
    * @description
-   * Commit a pending update to the `$modelValue`.
+   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
+   * address.
    *
-   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
-   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. this method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
-   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
-   */
-  this.$commitViewValue = function() {
-    var viewValue = ctrl.$viewValue;
-
-    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
-
-    // If the view value has not changed then we should just exit, except in the case where there is
-    // a native validator on the element. In this case the validation state may have changed even though
-    // the viewValue has stayed empty.
-    if (ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue === viewValue && (viewValue !== '' || !ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
-      return;
-    }
-    ctrl.$$updateEmptyClasses(viewValue);
-    ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
-
-    // change to dirty
-    if (ctrl.$pristine) {
-      this.$setDirty();
-    }
-    this.$$parseAndValidate();
-  };
-
-  this.$$parseAndValidate = function() {
-    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
-    var modelValue = viewValue;
-    parserValid = isUndefined(modelValue) ? undefined : true;
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[email]` uses a regex to validate email addresses that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium, which may not fulfill your app's requirements.
+   * If you need stricter (e.g. requiring a top-level domain), or more relaxed validation
+   * (e.g. allowing IPv6 address literals) you can use `ng-pattern` or
+   * modify the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide}).
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('emailExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.email = {
+                 text: 'me@example.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+             <label>Email:
+               <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="email.text" required>
+             </label>
+             <div role="alert">
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                 Required!</span>
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
+                 Not valid email!</span>
+             </div>
+             <tt>text = {{email.text}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
+           </form>
+         </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('email.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('email.text'));
 
-    if (parserValid) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < ctrl.$parsers.length; i++) {
-        modelValue = ctrl.$parsers[i](modelValue);
-        if (isUndefined(modelValue)) {
-          parserValid = false;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
-      // ctrl.$modelValue has not been touched yet...
-      ctrl.$modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
-    }
-    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
-    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
-    ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
 
-    if (allowInvalid) {
-      ctrl.$modelValue = modelValue;
-      writeToModelIfNeeded();
-    }
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
 
-    // Pass the $$lastCommittedViewValue here, because the cached viewValue might be out of date.
-    // This can happen if e.g. $setViewValue is called from inside a parser
-    ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue, function(allValid) {
-      if (!allowInvalid) {
-        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
-        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
-        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
-        // to calculate their validity.
-        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
-        writeToModelIfNeeded();
-      }
-    });
+          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('xxx');
 
-    function writeToModelIfNeeded() {
-      if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
-        ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
-      }
-    }
-  };
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'email': emailInputType,
 
-  this.$$writeModelToScope = function() {
-    ngModelSet($scope, ctrl.$modelValue);
-    forEach(ctrl.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
-      try {
-        listener();
-      } catch (e) {
-        $exceptionHandler(e);
-      }
-    });
-  };
 
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[radio]
    *
    * @description
-   * Update the view value.
-   *
-   * This method should be called when a control wants to change the view value; typically,
-   * this is done from within a DOM event handler. For example, the {@link ng.directive:input input}
-   * directive calls it when the value of the input changes and {@link ng.directive:select select}
-   * calls it when an option is selected.
-   *
-   * When `$setViewValue` is called, the new `value` will be staged for committing through the `$parsers`
-   * and `$validators` pipelines. If there are no special {@link ngModelOptions} specified then the staged
-   * value sent directly for processing, finally to be applied to `$modelValue` and then the
-   * **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute. Lastly, all the registered change listeners,
-   * in the `$viewChangeListeners` list, are called.
-   *
-   * In case the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions} directive is used with `updateOn`
-   * and the `default` trigger is not listed, all those actions will remain pending until one of the
-   * `updateOn` events is triggered on the DOM element.
-   * All these actions will be debounced if the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}
-   * directive is used with a custom debounce for this particular event.
-   * Note that a `$digest` is only triggered once the `updateOn` events are fired, or if `debounce`
-   * is specified, once the timer runs out.
+   * HTML radio button.
    *
-   * When used with standard inputs, the view value will always be a string (which is in some cases
-   * parsed into another type, such as a `Date` object for `input[date]`.)
-   * However, custom controls might also pass objects to this method. In this case, we should make
-   * a copy of the object before passing it to `$setViewValue`. This is because `ngModel` does not
-   * perform a deep watch of objects, it only looks for a change of identity. If you only change
-   * the property of the object then ngModel will not realize that the object has changed and
-   * will not invoke the `$parsers` and `$validators` pipelines. For this reason, you should
-   * not change properties of the copy once it has been passed to `$setViewValue`.
-   * Otherwise you may cause the model value on the scope to change incorrectly.
+   * **Note:**<br>
+   * All inputs controlled by {@link ngModel ngModel} (including those of type `radio`) will use the
+   * value of their `name` attribute to determine the property under which their
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController} will be published on the parent
+   * {@link form.FormController FormController}. Thus, if you use the same `name` for multiple
+   * inputs of a form (e.g. a group of radio inputs), only _one_ `NgModelController` will be
+   * published on the parent `FormController` under that name. The rest of the controllers will
+   * continue to work as expected, but you won't be able to access them as properties on the parent
+   * `FormController`.
    *
    * <div class="alert alert-info">
-   * In any case, the value passed to the method should always reflect the current value
-   * of the control. For example, if you are calling `$setViewValue` for an input element,
-   * you should pass the input DOM value. Otherwise, the control and the scope model become
-   * out of sync. It's also important to note that `$setViewValue` does not call `$render` or change
-   * the control's DOM value in any way. If we want to change the control's DOM value
-   * programmatically, we should update the `ngModel` scope expression. Its new value will be
-   * picked up by the model controller, which will run it through the `$formatters`, `$render` it
-   * to update the DOM, and finally call `$validate` on it.
+   *   <p>
+   *     In plain HTML forms, the `name` attribute is used to identify groups of radio inputs, so
+   *     that the browser can manage their state (checked/unchecked) based on the state of other
+   *     inputs in the same group.
+   *   </p>
+   *   <p>
+   *     In AngularJS forms, this is not necessary. The input's state will be updated based on the
+   *     value of the underlying model data.
+   *   </p>
    * </div>
    *
-   * @param {*} value value from the view.
-   * @param {string} trigger Event that triggered the update.
-   */
-  this.$setViewValue = function(value, trigger) {
-    ctrl.$viewValue = value;
-    if (!ctrl.$options || ctrl.$options.updateOnDefault) {
-      ctrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(trigger);
-    }
-  };
-
-  this.$$debounceViewValueCommit = function(trigger) {
-    var debounceDelay = 0,
-        options = ctrl.$options,
-        debounce;
-
-    if (options && isDefined(options.debounce)) {
-      debounce = options.debounce;
-      if (isNumber(debounce)) {
-        debounceDelay = debounce;
-      } else if (isNumber(debounce[trigger])) {
-        debounceDelay = debounce[trigger];
-      } else if (isNumber(debounce['default'])) {
-        debounceDelay = debounce['default'];
-      }
-    }
-
-    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
-    if (debounceDelay) {
-      pendingDebounce = $timeout(function() {
-        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
-      }, debounceDelay);
-    } else if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-      ctrl.$commitViewValue();
-    } else {
-      $scope.$apply(function() {
-        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
-      });
-    }
-  };
-
-  // model -> value
-  // Note: we cannot use a normal scope.$watch as we want to detect the following:
-  // 1. scope value is 'a'
-  // 2. user enters 'b'
-  // 3. ng-change kicks in and reverts scope value to 'a'
-  //    -> scope value did not change since the last digest as
-  //       ng-change executes in apply phase
-  // 4. view should be changed back to 'a'
-  $scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch() {
-    var modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
-
-    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
-    // TODO(perf): why not move this to the action fn?
-    if (modelValue !== ctrl.$modelValue &&
-       // checks for NaN is needed to allow setting the model to NaN when there's an asyncValidator
-       (ctrl.$modelValue === ctrl.$modelValue || modelValue === modelValue)
-    ) {
-      ctrl.$modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
-      parserValid = undefined;
-
-      var formatters = ctrl.$formatters,
-          idx = formatters.length;
-
-      var viewValue = modelValue;
-      while (idx--) {
-        viewValue = formatters[idx](viewValue);
-      }
-      if (ctrl.$viewValue !== viewValue) {
-        ctrl.$$updateEmptyClasses(viewValue);
-        ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
-        ctrl.$render();
-
-        ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue, noop);
-      }
-    }
-
-    return modelValue;
-  });
-}];
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngModel
- *
- * @element input
- * @priority 1
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
- * property on the scope using {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
- * which is created and exposed by this directive.
- *
- * `ngModel` is responsible for:
- *
- * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
- *   require.
- * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
- * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, touched/untouched, validation errors).
- * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`, `ng-touched`,
- *   `ng-untouched`, `ng-empty`, `ng-not-empty`) including animations.
- * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
- *
- * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
- * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
- * implicitly and added to the scope.
- *
- * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
- *
- *  - [Understanding Scopes](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes)
- *
- * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
- *
- *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
- *    - {@link input[text] text}
- *    - {@link input[checkbox] checkbox}
- *    - {@link input[radio] radio}
- *    - {@link input[number] number}
- *    - {@link input[email] email}
- *    - {@link input[url] url}
- *    - {@link input[date] date}
- *    - {@link input[datetime-local] datetime-local}
- *    - {@link input[time] time}
- *    - {@link input[month] month}
- *    - {@link input[week] week}
- *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
- *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
- *
- * # Complex Models (objects or collections)
- *
- * By default, `ngModel` watches the model by reference, not value. This is important to know when
- * binding inputs to models that are objects (e.g. `Date`) or collections (e.g. arrays). If only properties of the
- * object or collection change, `ngModel` will not be notified and so the input will not be  re-rendered.
- *
- * The model must be assigned an entirely new object or collection before a re-rendering will occur.
- *
- * Some directives have options that will cause them to use a custom `$watchCollection` on the model expression
- * - for example, `ngOptions` will do so when a `track by` clause is included in the comprehension expression or
- * if the select is given the `multiple` attribute.
- *
- * The `$watchCollection()` method only does a shallow comparison, meaning that changing properties deeper than the
- * first level of the object (or only changing the properties of an item in the collection if it's an array) will still
- * not trigger a re-rendering of the model.
- *
- * # CSS classes
- * The following CSS classes are added and removed on the associated input/select/textarea element
- * depending on the validity of the model.
- *
- *  - `ng-valid`: the model is valid
- *  - `ng-invalid`: the model is invalid
- *  - `ng-valid-[key]`: for each valid key added by `$setValidity`
- *  - `ng-invalid-[key]`: for each invalid key added by `$setValidity`
- *  - `ng-pristine`: the control hasn't been interacted with yet
- *  - `ng-dirty`: the control has been interacted with
- *  - `ng-touched`: the control has been blurred
- *  - `ng-untouched`: the control hasn't been blurred
- *  - `ng-pending`: any `$asyncValidators` are unfulfilled
- *  - `ng-empty`: the view does not contain a value or the value is deemed "empty", as defined
- *     by the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty} method
- *  - `ng-not-empty`: the view contains a non-empty value
- *
- * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
- *
- * ## Animation Hooks
- *
- * Animations within models are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed
- * on the input element which is attached to the model. These classes include: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`,
- * `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any other validations that are performed on the model itself.
- * The animations that are triggered within ngModel are similar to how they work in ngClass and
- * animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well as JS animations.
- *
- * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style an input element
- * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
- *
- * <pre>
- * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
- * //advanced animations
- * .my-input {
- *   transition:0.5s linear all;
- *   background: white;
- * }
- * .my-input.ng-invalid {
- *   background: red;
- *   color:white;
- * }
- * </pre>
- *
- * @example
- * <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="inputExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-        angular.module('inputExample', [])
-          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-            $scope.val = '1';
-          }]);
-       </script>
-       <style>
-         .my-input {
-           transition:all linear 0.5s;
-           background: transparent;
-         }
-         .my-input.ng-invalid {
-           color:white;
-           background: red;
-         }
-       </style>
-       <p id="inputDescription">
-        Update input to see transitions when valid/invalid.
-        Integer is a valid value.
-       </p>
-       <form name="testForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <input ng-model="val" ng-pattern="/^\d+$/" name="anim" class="my-input"
-                aria-describedby="inputDescription" />
-       </form>
-     </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * ## Binding to a getter/setter
- *
- * Sometimes it's helpful to bind `ngModel` to a getter/setter function.  A getter/setter is a
- * function that returns a representation of the model when called with zero arguments, and sets
- * the internal state of a model when called with an argument. It's sometimes useful to use this
- * for models that have an internal representation that's different from what the model exposes
- * to the view.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-success">
- * **Best Practice:** It's best to keep getters fast because Angular is likely to call them more
- * frequently than other parts of your code.
- * </div>
- *
- * You use this behavior by adding `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to an element that
- * has `ng-model` attached to it. You can also add `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to
- * a `<form>`, which will enable this behavior for all `<input>`s within it. See
- * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions`} for more.
- *
- * The following example shows how to use `ngModel` with a getter/setter:
- *
- * @example
- * <example name="ngModel-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <form name="userForm">
-           <label>Name:
-             <input type="text" name="userName"
-                    ng-model="user.name"
-                    ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
-           </label>
-         </form>
-         <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="app.js">
-       angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           var _name = 'Brian';
-           $scope.user = {
-             name: function(newName) {
-              // Note that newName can be undefined for two reasons:
-              // 1. Because it is called as a getter and thus called with no arguments
-              // 2. Because the property should actually be set to undefined. This happens e.g. if the
-              //    input is invalid
-              return arguments.length ? (_name = newName) : _name;
-             }
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
- * </example>
- */
-var ngModelDirective = ['$rootScope', function($rootScope) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    require: ['ngModel', '^?form', '^?ngModelOptions'],
-    controller: NgModelController,
-    // Prelink needs to run before any input directive
-    // so that we can set the NgModelOptions in NgModelController
-    // before anyone else uses it.
-    priority: 1,
-    compile: function ngModelCompile(element) {
-      // Setup initial state of the control
-      element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(UNTOUCHED_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
-
-      return {
-        pre: function ngModelPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
-          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
-              formCtrl = ctrls[1] || modelCtrl.$$parentForm;
-
-          modelCtrl.$$setOptions(ctrls[2] && ctrls[2].$options);
+   * <div class="alert alert-success">
+   *   If you omit the `name` attribute on a radio input, `ngModel` will automatically assign it a
+   *   unique name.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string} value The value to which the `ngModel` expression should be set when selected.
+   *    Note that `value` only supports `string` values, i.e. the scope model needs to be a string,
+   *    too. Use `ngValue` if you need complex models (`number`, `object`, ...).
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {string} ngValue AngularJS expression to which `ngModel` will be be set when the radio
+   *    is selected. Should be used instead of the `value` attribute if you need
+   *    a non-string `ngModel` (`boolean`, `array`, ...).
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('radioExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.color = {
+                 name: 'blue'
+               };
+               $scope.specialValue = {
+                 "id": "12345",
+                 "value": "green"
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="red">
+             Red
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" ng-value="specialValue">
+             Green
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="blue">
+             Blue
+           </label><br/>
+           <tt>color = {{color.name | json}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var inputs = element.all(by.model('color.name'));
+            var color = element(by.binding('color.name'));
 
-          // notify others, especially parent forms
-          formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');
 
-          attr.$observe('name', function(newValue) {
-            if (modelCtrl.$name !== newValue) {
-              modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(modelCtrl, newValue);
-            }
-          });
+            inputs.get(0).click();
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
 
-          scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
-            modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
+            inputs.get(1).click();
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('green');
           });
-        },
-        post: function ngModelPostLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
-          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0];
-          if (modelCtrl.$options && modelCtrl.$options.updateOn) {
-            element.on(modelCtrl.$options.updateOn, function(ev) {
-              modelCtrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(ev && ev.type);
-            });
-          }
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'radio': radioInputType,
 
-          element.on('blur', function() {
-            if (modelCtrl.$touched) return;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[range]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Native range input with validation and transformation.
+   *
+   * The model for the range input must always be a `Number`.
+   *
+   * IE9 and other browsers that do not support the `range` type fall back
+   * to a text input without any default values for `min`, `max` and `step`. Model binding,
+   * validation and number parsing are nevertheless supported.
+   *
+   * Browsers that support range (latest Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge) treat `input[range]`
+   * in a way that never allows the input to hold an invalid value. That means:
+   * - any non-numerical value is set to `(max + min) / 2`.
+   * - any numerical value that is less than the current min val, or greater than the current max val
+   * is set to the min / max val respectively.
+   * - additionally, the current `step` is respected, so the nearest value that satisfies a step
+   * is used.
+   *
+   * See the [HTML Spec on input[type=range]](https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/forms.html#range-state-(type=range))
+   * for more info.
+   *
+   * This has the following consequences for AngularJS:
+   *
+   * Since the element value should always reflect the current model value, a range input
+   * will set the bound ngModel expression to the value that the browser has set for the
+   * input element. For example, in the following input `<input type="range" ng-model="model.value">`,
+   * if the application sets `model.value = null`, the browser will set the input to `'50'`.
+   * AngularJS will then set the model to `50`, to prevent input and model value being out of sync.
+   *
+   * That means the model for range will immediately be set to `50` after `ngModel` has been
+   * initialized. It also means a range input can never have the required error.
+   *
+   * This does not only affect changes to the model value, but also to the values of the `min`,
+   * `max`, and `step` attributes. When these change in a way that will cause the browser to modify
+   * the input value, AngularJS will also update the model value.
+   *
+   * Automatic value adjustment also means that a range input element can never have the `required`,
+   * `min`, or `max` errors.
+   *
+   * However, `step` is currently only fully implemented by Firefox. Other browsers have problems
+   * when the step value changes dynamically - they do not adjust the element value correctly, but
+   * instead may set the `stepMismatch` error. If that's the case, the AngularJS will set the `step`
+   * error on the input, and set the model to `undefined`.
+   *
+   * Note that `input[range]` is not compatible with`ngMax`, `ngMin`, and `ngStep`, because they do
+   * not set the `min` and `max` attributes, which means that the browser won't automatically adjust
+   * the input value based on their values, and will always assume min = 0, max = 100, and step = 1.
+   *
+   * @param {string}  ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation to ensure that the value entered is greater
+   *                  than `min`. Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation to ensure that the value entered is less than `max`.
+   *                  Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} step Sets the `step` validation to ensure that the value entered matches the `step`
+   *                  Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {expression=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when the ngModel value changes due
+   *                      to user interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {expression=} ngChecked If the expression is truthy, then the `checked` attribute will be set on the
+   *                      element. **Note** : `ngChecked` should not be used alongside `ngModel`.
+   *                      Checkout {@link ng.directive:ngChecked ngChecked} for usage.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="range-input-directive" module="rangeExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <script>
+            angular.module('rangeExample', [])
+              .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+                $scope.value = 75;
+                $scope.min = 10;
+                $scope.max = 90;
+              }]);
+          </script>
+          <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+
+            Model as range: <input type="range" name="range" ng-model="value" min="{{min}}"  max="{{max}}">
+            <hr>
+            Model as number: <input type="number" ng-model="value"><br>
+            Min: <input type="number" ng-model="min"><br>
+            Max: <input type="number" ng-model="max"><br>
+            value = <code>{{value}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$valid = <code>{{myForm.range.$valid}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$error = <code>{{myForm.range.$error}}</code>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+      </example>
 
-            if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-              scope.$evalAsync(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
-            } else {
-              scope.$apply(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
+   * ## Range Input with ngMin & ngMax attributes
 
-var DEFAULT_REGEXP = /(\s+|^)default(\s+|$)/;
+   * @example
+      <example name="range-input-directive-ng" module="rangeExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <script>
+            angular.module('rangeExample', [])
+              .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+                $scope.value = 75;
+                $scope.min = 10;
+                $scope.max = 90;
+              }]);
+          </script>
+          <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+            Model as range: <input type="range" name="range" ng-model="value" ng-min="min" ng-max="max">
+            <hr>
+            Model as number: <input type="number" ng-model="value"><br>
+            Min: <input type="number" ng-model="min"><br>
+            Max: <input type="number" ng-model="max"><br>
+            value = <code>{{value}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$valid = <code>{{myForm.range.$valid}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$error = <code>{{myForm.range.$error}}</code>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+      </example>
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngModelOptions
- *
- * @description
- * Allows tuning how model updates are done. Using `ngModelOptions` you can specify a custom list of
- * events that will trigger a model update and/or a debouncing delay so that the actual update only
- * takes place when a timer expires; this timer will be reset after another change takes place.
- *
- * Given the nature of `ngModelOptions`, the value displayed inside input fields in the view might
- * be different from the value in the actual model. This means that if you update the model you
- * should also invoke {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`} on the relevant input field in
- * order to make sure it is synchronized with the model and that any debounced action is canceled.
- *
- * The easiest way to reference the control's {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`}
- * method is by making sure the input is placed inside a form that has a `name` attribute. This is
- * important because `form` controllers are published to the related scope under the name in their
- * `name` attribute.
- *
- * Any pending changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is submitted via the
- * `submit` event. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
- * to have access to the updated model.
- *
- * `ngModelOptions` has an effect on the element it's declared on and its descendants.
- *
- * @param {Object} ngModelOptions options to apply to the current model. Valid keys are:
- *   - `updateOn`: string specifying which event should the input be bound to. You can set several
- *     events using an space delimited list. There is a special event called `default` that
- *     matches the default events belonging of the control.
- *   - `debounce`: integer value which contains the debounce model update value in milliseconds. A
- *     value of 0 triggers an immediate update. If an object is supplied instead, you can specify a
- *     custom value for each event. For example:
- *     `ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'default blur', debounce: { 'default': 500, 'blur': 0 } }"`
- *   - `allowInvalid`: boolean value which indicates that the model can be set with values that did
- *     not validate correctly instead of the default behavior of setting the model to undefined.
- *   - `getterSetter`: boolean value which determines whether or not to treat functions bound to
-       `ngModel` as getters/setters.
- *   - `timezone`: Defines the timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model for
- *     `<input type="date">`, `<input type="time">`, ... . It understands UTC/GMT and the
- *     continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
- *     example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
- *     If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
- *
- * @example
+   */
+  'range': rangeInputType,
 
-  The following example shows how to override immediate updates. Changes on the inputs within the
-  form will update the model only when the control loses focus (blur event). If `escape` key is
-  pressed while the input field is focused, the value is reset to the value in the current model.
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[checkbox]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML checkbox.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.checkboxModel = {
+                value1 : true,
+                value2 : 'YES'
+              };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Value1:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value1">
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>Value2:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value2"
+                    ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'">
+            </label><br/>
+           <tt>value1 = {{checkboxModel.value1}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>value2 = {{checkboxModel.value2}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var value1 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value1'));
+            var value2 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value2'));
 
-  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-blur" module="optionsExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <form name="userForm">
-          <label>Name:
-            <input type="text" name="userName"
-                   ng-model="user.name"
-                   ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }"
-                   ng-keyup="cancel($event)" />
-          </label><br />
-          <label>Other data:
-            <input type="text" ng-model="user.data" />
-          </label><br />
-        </form>
-        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
-        <pre>user.data = <span ng-bind="user.data"></span></pre>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="app.js">
-      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.user = { name: 'John', data: '' };
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');
 
-          $scope.cancel = function(e) {
-            if (e.keyCode == 27) {
-              $scope.userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue();
-            }
-          };
-        }]);
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var model = element(by.binding('user.name'));
-      var input = element(by.model('user.name'));
-      var other = element(by.model('user.data'));
-
-      it('should allow custom events', function() {
-        input.sendKeys(' Doe');
-        input.click();
-        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('John');
-        other.click();
-        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('John Doe');
-      });
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value1')).click();
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value2')).click();
 
-      it('should $rollbackViewValue when model changes', function() {
-        input.sendKeys(' Doe');
-        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('John Doe');
-        input.sendKeys(protractor.Key.ESCAPE);
-        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('John');
-        other.click();
-        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('John');
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
 
-  This one shows how to debounce model changes. Model will be updated only 1 sec after last change.
-  If the `Clear` button is pressed, any debounced action is canceled and the value becomes empty.
+  'hidden': noop,
+  'button': noop,
+  'submit': noop,
+  'reset': noop,
+  'file': noop
+};
 
-  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-debounce" module="optionsExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <form name="userForm">
-          <label>Name:
-            <input type="text" name="userName"
-                   ng-model="user.name"
-                   ng-model-options="{ debounce: 1000 }" />
-          </label>
-          <button ng-click="userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue(); user.name=''">Clear</button>
-          <br />
-        </form>
-        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="app.js">
-      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.user = { name: 'Igor' };
-        }]);
-    </file>
-  </example>
+function stringBasedInputType(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? value : value.toString();
+  });
+}
 
-  This one shows how to bind to getter/setters:
+function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+}
 
-  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <form name="userForm">
-          <label>Name:
-            <input type="text" name="userName"
-                   ng-model="user.name"
-                   ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
-          </label>
-        </form>
-        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="app.js">
-      angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          var _name = 'Brian';
-          $scope.user = {
-            name: function(newName) {
-              // Note that newName can be undefined for two reasons:
-              // 1. Because it is called as a getter and thus called with no arguments
-              // 2. Because the property should actually be set to undefined. This happens e.g. if the
-              //    input is invalid
-              return arguments.length ? (_name = newName) : _name;
-            }
-          };
-        }]);
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var ngModelOptionsDirective = function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    controller: ['$scope', '$attrs', function($scope, $attrs) {
-      var that = this;
-      this.$options = copy($scope.$eval($attrs.ngModelOptions));
-      // Allow adding/overriding bound events
-      if (isDefined(this.$options.updateOn)) {
-        this.$options.updateOnDefault = false;
-        // extract "default" pseudo-event from list of events that can trigger a model update
-        this.$options.updateOn = trim(this.$options.updateOn.replace(DEFAULT_REGEXP, function() {
-          that.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
-          return ' ';
-        }));
-      } else {
-        this.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
-      }
-    }]
-  };
-};
+function baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  var type = lowercase(element[0].type);
 
+  // In composition mode, users are still inputting intermediate text buffer,
+  // hold the listener until composition is done.
+  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
+  if (!$sniffer.android) {
+    var composing = false;
 
+    element.on('compositionstart', function() {
+      composing = true;
+    });
 
-// helper methods
-function addSetValidityMethod(context) {
-  var ctrl = context.ctrl,
-      $element = context.$element,
-      classCache = {},
-      set = context.set,
-      unset = context.unset,
-      $animate = context.$animate;
+    // Support: IE9+
+    element.on('compositionupdate', function(ev) {
+      // End composition when ev.data is empty string on 'compositionupdate' event.
+      // When the input de-focusses (e.g. by clicking away), IE triggers 'compositionupdate'
+      // instead of 'compositionend'.
+      if (isUndefined(ev.data) || ev.data === '') {
+        composing = false;
+      }
+    });
 
-  classCache[INVALID_CLASS] = !(classCache[VALID_CLASS] = $element.hasClass(VALID_CLASS));
+    element.on('compositionend', function() {
+      composing = false;
+      listener();
+    });
+  }
 
-  ctrl.$setValidity = setValidity;
+  var timeout;
 
-  function setValidity(validationErrorKey, state, controller) {
-    if (isUndefined(state)) {
-      createAndSet('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
-    } else {
-      unsetAndCleanup('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
-    }
-    if (!isBoolean(state)) {
-      unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
-      unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
-    } else {
-      if (state) {
-        unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
-        set(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
-      } else {
-        set(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
-        unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
-      }
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    if (timeout) {
+      $browser.defer.cancel(timeout);
+      timeout = null;
     }
-    if (ctrl.$pending) {
-      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, true);
-      ctrl.$valid = ctrl.$invalid = undefined;
-      toggleValidationCss('', null);
-    } else {
-      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, false);
-      ctrl.$valid = isObjectEmpty(ctrl.$error);
-      ctrl.$invalid = !ctrl.$valid;
-      toggleValidationCss('', ctrl.$valid);
+    if (composing) return;
+    var value = element.val(),
+        event = ev && ev.type;
+
+    // By default we will trim the value
+    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
+    // If input type is 'password', the value is never trimmed
+    if (type !== 'password' && (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false')) {
+      value = trim(value);
     }
 
-    // re-read the state as the set/unset methods could have
-    // combined state in ctrl.$error[validationError] (used for forms),
-    // where setting/unsetting only increments/decrements the value,
-    // and does not replace it.
-    var combinedState;
-    if (ctrl.$pending && ctrl.$pending[validationErrorKey]) {
-      combinedState = undefined;
-    } else if (ctrl.$error[validationErrorKey]) {
-      combinedState = false;
-    } else if (ctrl.$$success[validationErrorKey]) {
-      combinedState = true;
-    } else {
-      combinedState = null;
+    // If a control is suffering from bad input (due to native validators), browsers discard its
+    // value, so it may be necessary to revalidate (by calling $setViewValue again) even if the
+    // control's value is the same empty value twice in a row.
+    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event);
     }
+  };
 
-    toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, combinedState);
-    ctrl.$$parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, combinedState, ctrl);
-  }
+  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
+  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
+  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
+    element.on('input', listener);
+  } else {
+    var deferListener = function(ev, input, origValue) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (!input || input.value !== origValue) {
+            listener(ev);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    };
 
-  function createAndSet(name, value, controller) {
-    if (!ctrl[name]) {
-      ctrl[name] = {};
-    }
-    set(ctrl[name], value, controller);
-  }
+    element.on('keydown', /** @this */ function(event) {
+      var key = event.keyCode;
+
+      // ignore
+      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
+      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
 
-  function unsetAndCleanup(name, value, controller) {
-    if (ctrl[name]) {
-      unset(ctrl[name], value, controller);
-    }
-    if (isObjectEmpty(ctrl[name])) {
-      ctrl[name] = undefined;
-    }
-  }
+      deferListener(event, this, this.value);
+    });
 
-  function cachedToggleClass(className, switchValue) {
-    if (switchValue && !classCache[className]) {
-      $animate.addClass($element, className);
-      classCache[className] = true;
-    } else if (!switchValue && classCache[className]) {
-      $animate.removeClass($element, className);
-      classCache[className] = false;
+    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste", "cut" and "drop" events to catch it
+    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
+      element.on('paste cut drop', deferListener);
     }
   }
 
-  function toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, isValid) {
-    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
+  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
+  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
+  element.on('change', listener);
 
-    cachedToggleClass(VALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === true);
-    cachedToggleClass(INVALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === false);
+  // Some native input types (date-family) have the ability to change validity without
+  // firing any input/change events.
+  // For these event types, when native validators are present and the browser supports the type,
+  // check for validity changes on various DOM events.
+  if (PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && type === attr.type) {
+    element.on(PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS, /** @this */ function(ev) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        var validity = this[VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY];
+        var origBadInput = validity.badInput;
+        var origTypeMismatch = validity.typeMismatch;
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (validity.badInput !== origBadInput || validity.typeMismatch !== origTypeMismatch) {
+            listener(ev);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    });
   }
-}
 
-function isObjectEmpty(obj) {
-  if (obj) {
-    for (var prop in obj) {
-      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
-        return false;
-      }
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    // Workaround for Firefox validation #12102.
+    var value = ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue;
+    if (element.val() !== value) {
+      element.val(value);
     }
-  }
-  return true;
+  };
 }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngNonBindable
- * @restrict AC
- * @priority 1000
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells Angular not to compile or bind the contents of the current
- * DOM element. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be Angular directives and
- * bindings but which should be ignored by Angular. This could be the case if you have a site that
- * displays snippets of code, for instance.
- *
- * @element ANY
- *
- * @example
- * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
- * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
- *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
-        <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
-         expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
-       });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
-var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });
-
-/* global jqLiteRemove */
-
-var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngOptions
- * @restrict A
- *
- * @description
- *
- * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
- * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
- * `ngOptions` comprehension expression.
- *
- * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of `ngOptions` to achieve a
- * similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits such as reducing memory and
- * increasing speed by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance, as well as providing
- * more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
- * comprehension expression. `ngOptions` should be used when the `<select>` model needs to be bound
- *  to a non-string value. This is because an option element can only be bound to string values at
- * present.
- *
- * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
- * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
- * directive.
- *
- * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
- * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
- * option. See example below for demonstration.
- *
- * ## Complex Models (objects or collections)
- *
- * By default, `ngModel` watches the model by reference, not value. This is important to know when
- * binding the select to a model that is an object or a collection.
- *
- * One issue occurs if you want to preselect an option. For example, if you set
- * the model to an object that is equal to an object in your collection, `ngOptions` won't be able to set the selection,
- * because the objects are not identical. So by default, you should always reference the item in your collection
- * for preselections, e.g.: `$scope.selected = $scope.collection[3]`.
- *
- * Another solution is to use a `track by` clause, because then `ngOptions` will track the identity
- * of the item not by reference, but by the result of the `track by` expression. For example, if your
- * collection items have an id property, you would `track by item.id`.
- *
- * A different issue with objects or collections is that ngModel won't detect if an object property or
- * a collection item changes. For that reason, `ngOptions` additionally watches the model using
- * `$watchCollection`, when the expression contains a `track by` clause or the the select has the `multiple` attribute.
- * This allows ngOptions to trigger a re-rendering of the options even if the actual object/collection
- * has not changed identity, but only a property on the object or an item in the collection changes.
- *
- * Note that `$watchCollection` does a shallow comparison of the properties of the object (or the items in the collection
- * if the model is an array). This means that changing a property deeper than the first level inside the
- * object/collection will not trigger a re-rendering.
- *
- * ## `select` **`as`**
- *
- * Using `select` **`as`** will bind the result of the `select` expression to the model, but
- * the value of the `<select>` and `<option>` html elements will be either the index (for array data sources)
- * or property name (for object data sources) of the value within the collection. If a **`track by`** expression
- * is used, the result of that expression will be set as the value of the `option` and `select` elements.
- *
- *
- * ### `select` **`as`** and **`track by`**
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * Be careful when using `select` **`as`** and **`track by`** in the same expression.
- * </div>
- *
- * Given this array of items on the $scope:
- *
- * ```js
- * $scope.items = [{
- *   id: 1,
- *   label: 'aLabel',
- *   subItem: { name: 'aSubItem' }
- * }, {
- *   id: 2,
- *   label: 'bLabel',
- *   subItem: { name: 'bSubItem' }
- * }];
- * ```
- *
- * This will work:
- *
- * ```html
- * <select ng-options="item as item.label for item in items track by item.id" ng-model="selected"></select>
- * ```
- * ```js
- * $scope.selected = $scope.items[0];
- * ```
- *
- * but this will not work:
- *
- * ```html
- * <select ng-options="item.subItem as item.label for item in items track by item.id" ng-model="selected"></select>
- * ```
- * ```js
- * $scope.selected = $scope.items[0].subItem;
- * ```
- *
- * In both examples, the **`track by`** expression is applied successfully to each `item` in the
- * `items` array. Because the selected option has been set programmatically in the controller, the
- * **`track by`** expression is also applied to the `ngModel` value. In the first example, the
- * `ngModel` value is `items[0]` and the **`track by`** expression evaluates to `items[0].id` with
- * no issue. In the second example, the `ngModel` value is `items[0].subItem` and the **`track by`**
- * expression evaluates to `items[0].subItem.id` (which is undefined). As a result, the model value
- * is not matched against any `<option>` and the `<select>` appears as having no selected value.
- *
- *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
- * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
- * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
- * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
- *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
- *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
- * @param {comprehension_expression=} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
- *
- *   * for array data sources:
- *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
- *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
- *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
- *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
- *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
- *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
- *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` | orderBy:`orderexpr` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
- *        (for including a filter with `track by`)
- *   * for object data sources:
- *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
- *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
- *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
- *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
- *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
- *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
- *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`disable when`** `disable`
- *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
- *
- * Where:
- *
- *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
- *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
- *      of `object` during iteration.
- *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
- *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
- *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
- *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
- *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
- *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
- *      DOM element.
- *   * `disable`: The result of this expression will be used to disable the rendered `<option>`
- *      element. Return `true` to disable.
- *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
- *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
- *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`). With this the selection is preserved
- *      even when the options are recreated (e.g. reloaded from the server).
- *
- * @example
-    <example module="selectExample">
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <script>
-        angular.module('selectExample', [])
-          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-            $scope.colors = [
-              {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
-              {name:'white', shade:'light', notAnOption: true},
-              {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
-              {name:'blue', shade:'dark', notAnOption: true},
-              {name:'yellow', shade:'light', notAnOption: false}
-            ];
-            $scope.myColor = $scope.colors[2]; // red
-          }]);
-        </script>
-        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-          <ul>
-            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
-              <label>Name: <input ng-model="color.name"></label>
-              <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="color.notAnOption"> Disabled?</label>
-              <button ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
-            </li>
-            <li>
-              <button ng-click="colors.push({})">add</button>
-            </li>
-          </ul>
-          <hr/>
-          <label>Color (null not allowed):
-            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors"></select>
-          </label><br/>
-          <label>Color (null allowed):
-          <span  class="nullable">
-            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors">
-              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
-            </select>
-          </span></label><br/>
+function weekParser(isoWeek, existingDate) {
+  if (isDate(isoWeek)) {
+    return isoWeek;
+  }
 
-          <label>Color grouped by shade:
-            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name group by color.shade for color in colors">
-            </select>
-          </label><br/>
+  if (isString(isoWeek)) {
+    WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
+    var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
+    if (parts) {
+      var year = +parts[1],
+          week = +parts[2],
+          hours = 0,
+          minutes = 0,
+          seconds = 0,
+          milliseconds = 0,
+          firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
+          addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
 
-          <label>Color grouped by shade, with some disabled:
-            <select ng-model="myColor"
-                  ng-options="color.name group by color.shade disable when color.notAnOption for color in colors">
-            </select>
-          </label><br/>
+      if (existingDate) {
+        hours = existingDate.getHours();
+        minutes = existingDate.getMinutes();
+        seconds = existingDate.getSeconds();
+        milliseconds = existingDate.getMilliseconds();
+      }
 
+      return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds);
+    }
+  }
 
+  return NaN;
+}
 
-          Select <button ng-click="myColor = { name:'not in list', shade: 'other' }">bogus</button>.
-          <br/>
-          <hr/>
-          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:myColor} }}
-          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
-               ng-style="{'background-color':myColor.name}">
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-         it('should check ng-options', function() {
-           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('red');
-           element.all(by.model('myColor')).first().click();
-           element.all(by.css('select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
-           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('black');
-           element(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"]')).click();
-           element.all(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
-           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('null');
-         });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
+function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
+  return function(iso, previousDate) {
+    var parts, map;
 
-// jshint maxlen: false
-//                     //00001111111111000000000002222222222000000000000000000000333333333300000000000000000000000004444444444400000000000005555555555555550000000006666666666666660000000777777777777777000000000000000888888888800000000000000000009999999999
-var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+disable\s+when\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/;
-                        // 1: value expression (valueFn)
-                        // 2: label expression (displayFn)
-                        // 3: group by expression (groupByFn)
-                        // 4: disable when expression (disableWhenFn)
-                        // 5: array item variable name
-                        // 6: object item key variable name
-                        // 7: object item value variable name
-                        // 8: collection expression
-                        // 9: track by expression
-// jshint maxlen: 100
+    if (isDate(iso)) {
+      return iso;
+    }
 
+    if (isString(iso)) {
+      // When a date is JSON'ified to wraps itself inside of an extra
+      // set of double quotes. This makes the date parsing code unable
+      // to match the date string and parse it as a date.
+      if (iso.charAt(0) === '"' && iso.charAt(iso.length - 1) === '"') {
+        iso = iso.substring(1, iso.length - 1);
+      }
+      if (ISO_DATE_REGEXP.test(iso)) {
+        return new Date(iso);
+      }
+      regexp.lastIndex = 0;
+      parts = regexp.exec(iso);
 
-var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile, $document, $parse) {
+      if (parts) {
+        parts.shift();
+        if (previousDate) {
+          map = {
+            yyyy: previousDate.getFullYear(),
+            MM: previousDate.getMonth() + 1,
+            dd: previousDate.getDate(),
+            HH: previousDate.getHours(),
+            mm: previousDate.getMinutes(),
+            ss: previousDate.getSeconds(),
+            sss: previousDate.getMilliseconds() / 1000
+          };
+        } else {
+          map = { yyyy: 1970, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0, ss: 0, sss: 0 };
+        }
 
-  function parseOptionsExpression(optionsExp, selectElement, scope) {
+        forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
+          if (index < mapping.length) {
+            map[mapping[index]] = +part;
+          }
+        });
 
-    var match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP);
-    if (!(match)) {
-      throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
-        "Expected expression in form of " +
-        "'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
-        " but got '{0}'. Element: {1}",
-        optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
+        var date = new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm, map.ss || 0, map.sss * 1000 || 0);
+        if (map.yyyy < 100) {
+          // In the constructor, 2-digit years map to 1900-1999.
+          // Use `setFullYear()` to set the correct year.
+          date.setFullYear(map.yyyy);
+        }
+
+        return date;
+      }
     }
 
-    // Extract the parts from the ngOptions expression
+    return NaN;
+  };
+}
 
-    // The variable name for the value of the item in the collection
-    var valueName = match[5] || match[7];
-    // The variable name for the key of the item in the collection
-    var keyName = match[6];
+function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
+  return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+    badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, type);
+    baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
 
-    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is a label expression
-    var selectAs = / as /.test(match[0]) && match[1];
-    // An expression that is used to track the id of each object in the options collection
-    var trackBy = match[9];
-    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is no label expression
-    var valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName);
-    var selectAsFn = selectAs && $parse(selectAs);
-    var viewValueFn = selectAsFn || valueFn;
-    var trackByFn = trackBy && $parse(trackBy);
+    var isTimeType = type === 'time' || type === 'datetimelocal';
+    var previousDate;
+    var previousTimezone;
 
-    // Get the value by which we are going to track the option
-    // if we have a trackFn then use that (passing scope and locals)
-    // otherwise just hash the given viewValue
-    var getTrackByValueFn = trackBy ?
-                              function(value, locals) { return trackByFn(scope, locals); } :
-                              function getHashOfValue(value) { return hashKey(value); };
-    var getTrackByValue = function(value, key) {
-      return getTrackByValueFn(value, getLocals(value, key));
-    };
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) return null;
 
-    var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]);
-    var groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || '');
-    var disableWhenFn = $parse(match[4] || '');
-    var valuesFn = $parse(match[8]);
+      if (regexp.test(value)) {
+        // Note: We cannot read ctrl.$modelValue, as there might be a different
+        // parser/formatter in the processing chain so that the model
+        // contains some different data format!
+        return parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(value, previousDate);
+      }
+      ctrl.$$parserName = type;
+      return undefined;
+    });
 
-    var locals = {};
-    var getLocals = keyName ? function(value, key) {
-      locals[keyName] = key;
-      locals[valueName] = value;
-      return locals;
-    } : function(value) {
-      locals[valueName] = value;
-      return locals;
-    };
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+      if (value && !isDate(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('datefmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a date', value);
+      }
+      if (isValidDate(value)) {
+        previousDate = value;
+        var timezone = ctrl.$options.getOption('timezone');
+
+        if (timezone) {
+          previousTimezone = timezone;
+          previousDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(previousDate, timezone, true);
+        }
+
+        return formatter(value, timezone);
+      } else {
+        previousDate = null;
+        previousTimezone = null;
+        return '';
+      }
+    });
 
+    if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+      var minVal = attr.min || $parse(attr.ngMin)(scope);
+      var parsedMinVal = parseObservedDateValue(minVal);
 
-    function Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled) {
-      this.selectValue = selectValue;
-      this.viewValue = viewValue;
-      this.label = label;
-      this.group = group;
-      this.disabled = disabled;
+      ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(parsedMinVal) || parseDate(value) >= parsedMinVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+        if (val !== minVal) {
+          parsedMinVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+          minVal = val;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+      });
     }
 
-    function getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues) {
-      var optionValuesKeys;
+    if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+      var maxVal = attr.max || $parse(attr.ngMax)(scope);
+      var parsedMaxVal = parseObservedDateValue(maxVal);
 
-      if (!keyName && isArrayLike(optionValues)) {
-        optionValuesKeys = optionValues;
-      } else {
-        // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
-        optionValuesKeys = [];
-        for (var itemKey in optionValues) {
-          if (optionValues.hasOwnProperty(itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
-            optionValuesKeys.push(itemKey);
-          }
+      ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(parsedMaxVal) || parseDate(value) <= parsedMaxVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+        if (val !== maxVal) {
+          parsedMaxVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+          maxVal = val;
+          ctrl.$validate();
         }
+      });
+    }
+
+    function isValidDate(value) {
+      // Invalid Date: getTime() returns NaN
+      return value && !(value.getTime && value.getTime() !== value.getTime());
+    }
+
+    function parseObservedDateValue(val) {
+      return isDefined(val) && !isDate(val) ? parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(val) || undefined : val;
+    }
+
+    function parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(value, previousDate) {
+      var timezone = ctrl.$options.getOption('timezone');
+
+      if (previousTimezone && previousTimezone !== timezone) {
+        // If the timezone has changed, adjust the previousDate to the default timezone
+        // so that the new date is converted with the correct timezone offset
+        previousDate = addDateMinutes(previousDate, timezoneToOffset(previousTimezone));
       }
-      return optionValuesKeys;
+
+      var parsedDate = parseDate(value, previousDate);
+
+      if (!isNaN(parsedDate) && timezone) {
+        parsedDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(parsedDate, timezone);
+      }
+      return parsedDate;
+    }
+
+    function formatter(value, timezone) {
+      var targetFormat = format;
+
+      if (isTimeType && isString(ctrl.$options.getOption('timeSecondsFormat'))) {
+        targetFormat = format
+          .replace('ss.sss', ctrl.$options.getOption('timeSecondsFormat'))
+          .replace(/:$/, '');
+      }
+
+      var formatted =  $filter('date')(value, targetFormat, timezone);
+
+      if (isTimeType && ctrl.$options.getOption('timeStripZeroSeconds')) {
+        formatted = formatted.replace(/(?::00)?(?:\.000)?$/, '');
+      }
+
+      return formatted;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, parserName) {
+  var node = element[0];
+  var nativeValidation = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = isObject(node.validity);
+  if (nativeValidation) {
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY) || {};
+      if (validity.badInput || validity.typeMismatch) {
+        ctrl.$$parserName = parserName;
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      return value;
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function numberFormatterParser(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value))      return null;
+    if (NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) return parseFloat(value);
+
+    ctrl.$$parserName = 'number';
+    return undefined;
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
+      if (!isNumber(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('numfmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a number', value);
+      }
+      value = value.toString();
     }
+    return value;
+  });
+}
+
+function parseNumberAttrVal(val) {
+  if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
+    val = parseFloat(val);
+  }
+  return !isNumberNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
+}
 
-    return {
-      trackBy: trackBy,
-      getTrackByValue: getTrackByValue,
-      getWatchables: $parse(valuesFn, function(optionValues) {
-        // Create a collection of things that we would like to watch (watchedArray)
-        // so that they can all be watched using a single $watchCollection
-        // that only runs the handler once if anything changes
-        var watchedArray = [];
-        optionValues = optionValues || [];
+function isNumberInteger(num) {
+  // See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14636536/how-to-check-if-a-variable-is-an-integer-in-javascript#14794066
+  // (minus the assumption that `num` is a number)
 
-        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
-        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
-        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
-          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
-          var value = optionValues[key];
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+  return (num | 0) === num;
+}
 
-          var locals = getLocals(value, key);
-          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(value, locals);
-          watchedArray.push(selectValue);
+function countDecimals(num) {
+  var numString = num.toString();
+  var decimalSymbolIndex = numString.indexOf('.');
 
-          // Only need to watch the displayFn if there is a specific label expression
-          if (match[2] || match[1]) {
-            var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
-            watchedArray.push(label);
-          }
+  if (decimalSymbolIndex === -1) {
+    if (-1 < num && num < 1) {
+      // It may be in the exponential notation format (`1e-X`)
+      var match = /e-(\d+)$/.exec(numString);
 
-          // Only need to watch the disableWhenFn if there is a specific disable expression
-          if (match[4]) {
-            var disableWhen = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
-            watchedArray.push(disableWhen);
-          }
-        }
-        return watchedArray;
-      }),
+      if (match) {
+        return Number(match[1]);
+      }
+    }
 
-      getOptions: function() {
+    return 0;
+  }
 
-        var optionItems = [];
-        var selectValueMap = {};
+  return numString.length - decimalSymbolIndex - 1;
+}
 
-        // The option values were already computed in the `getWatchables` fn,
-        // which must have been called to trigger `getOptions`
-        var optionValues = valuesFn(scope) || [];
-        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
-        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
+function isValidForStep(viewValue, stepBase, step) {
+  // At this point `stepBase` and `step` are expected to be non-NaN values
+  // and `viewValue` is expected to be a valid stringified number.
+  var value = Number(viewValue);
 
-        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
-          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
-          var value = optionValues[key];
-          var locals = getLocals(value, key);
-          var viewValue = viewValueFn(scope, locals);
-          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(viewValue, locals);
-          var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
-          var group = groupByFn(scope, locals);
-          var disabled = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
-          var optionItem = new Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled);
+  var isNonIntegerValue = !isNumberInteger(value);
+  var isNonIntegerStepBase = !isNumberInteger(stepBase);
+  var isNonIntegerStep = !isNumberInteger(step);
 
-          optionItems.push(optionItem);
-          selectValueMap[selectValue] = optionItem;
-        }
+  // Due to limitations in Floating Point Arithmetic (e.g. `0.3 - 0.2 !== 0.1` or
+  // `0.5 % 0.1 !== 0`), we need to convert all numbers to integers.
+  if (isNonIntegerValue || isNonIntegerStepBase || isNonIntegerStep) {
+    var valueDecimals = isNonIntegerValue ? countDecimals(value) : 0;
+    var stepBaseDecimals = isNonIntegerStepBase ? countDecimals(stepBase) : 0;
+    var stepDecimals = isNonIntegerStep ? countDecimals(step) : 0;
 
-        return {
-          items: optionItems,
-          selectValueMap: selectValueMap,
-          getOptionFromViewValue: function(value) {
-            return selectValueMap[getTrackByValue(value)];
-          },
-          getViewValueFromOption: function(option) {
-            // If the viewValue could be an object that may be mutated by the application,
-            // we need to make a copy and not return the reference to the value on the option.
-            return trackBy ? angular.copy(option.viewValue) : option.viewValue;
-          }
-        };
-      }
-    };
+    var decimalCount = Math.max(valueDecimals, stepBaseDecimals, stepDecimals);
+    var multiplier = Math.pow(10, decimalCount);
+
+    value = value * multiplier;
+    stepBase = stepBase * multiplier;
+    step = step * multiplier;
+
+    if (isNonIntegerValue) value = Math.round(value);
+    if (isNonIntegerStepBase) stepBase = Math.round(stepBase);
+    if (isNonIntegerStep) step = Math.round(step);
   }
 
+  return (value - stepBase) % step === 0;
+}
 
-  // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
-  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
-  var optionTemplate = window.document.createElement('option'),
-      optGroupTemplate = window.document.createElement('optgroup');
+function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, 'number');
+  numberFormatterParser(ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
 
-    function ngOptionsPostLink(scope, selectElement, attr, ctrls) {
+  var parsedMinVal;
 
-      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
-      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
-      var multiple = attr.multiple;
+  if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+    var minVal = attr.min || $parse(attr.ngMin)(scope);
+    parsedMinVal = parseNumberAttrVal(minVal);
 
-      // The emptyOption allows the application developer to provide their own custom "empty"
-      // option when the viewValue does not match any of the option values.
-      var emptyOption;
-      for (var i = 0, children = selectElement.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        if (children[i].value === '') {
-          emptyOption = children.eq(i);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
+    ctrl.$validators.min = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedMinVal) || viewValue >= parsedMinVal;
+    };
 
-      var providedEmptyOption = !!emptyOption;
+    attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+      if (val !== minVal) {
+        parsedMinVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        minVal = val;
+        // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
+    });
+  }
 
-      var unknownOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
-      unknownOption.val('?');
+  if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+    var maxVal = attr.max || $parse(attr.ngMax)(scope);
+    var parsedMaxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(maxVal);
 
-      var options;
-      var ngOptions = parseOptionsExpression(attr.ngOptions, selectElement, scope);
-      // This stores the newly created options before they are appended to the select.
-      // Since the contents are removed from the fragment when it is appended,
-      // we only need to create it once.
-      var listFragment = $document[0].createDocumentFragment();
+    ctrl.$validators.max = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedMaxVal) || viewValue <= parsedMaxVal;
+    };
 
-      var renderEmptyOption = function() {
-        if (!providedEmptyOption) {
-          selectElement.prepend(emptyOption);
-        }
-        selectElement.val('');
-        emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
-        emptyOption.attr('selected', true);
-      };
+    attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+      if (val !== maxVal) {
+        parsedMaxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        maxVal = val;
+        // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
+    });
+  }
 
-      var removeEmptyOption = function() {
-        if (!providedEmptyOption) {
-          emptyOption.remove();
-        }
-      };
+  if (isDefined(attr.step) || attr.ngStep) {
+    var stepVal = attr.step || $parse(attr.ngStep)(scope);
+    var parsedStepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(stepVal);
 
+    ctrl.$validators.step = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedStepVal) ||
+        isValidForStep(viewValue, parsedMinVal || 0, parsedStepVal);
+    };
 
-      var renderUnknownOption = function() {
-        selectElement.prepend(unknownOption);
-        selectElement.val('?');
-        unknownOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
-        unknownOption.attr('selected', true);
-      };
+    attr.$observe('step', function(val) {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      if (val !== stepVal) {
+        parsedStepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        stepVal = val;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
 
-      var removeUnknownOption = function() {
-        unknownOption.remove();
-      };
+    });
 
-      // Update the controller methods for multiple selectable options
-      if (!multiple) {
+  }
+}
 
-        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsValue(value) {
-          var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(value);
+function rangeInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, 'range');
+  numberFormatterParser(ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
 
-          if (option) {
-            // Don't update the option when it is already selected.
-            // For example, the browser will select the first option by default. In that case,
-            // most properties are set automatically - except the `selected` attribute, which we
-            // set always
+  var supportsRange = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && element[0].type === 'range',
+      minVal = supportsRange ? 0 : undefined,
+      maxVal = supportsRange ? 100 : undefined,
+      stepVal = supportsRange ? 1 : undefined,
+      validity = element[0].validity,
+      hasMinAttr = isDefined(attr.min),
+      hasMaxAttr = isDefined(attr.max),
+      hasStepAttr = isDefined(attr.step);
+
+  var originalRender = ctrl.$render;
+
+  ctrl.$render = supportsRange && isDefined(validity.rangeUnderflow) && isDefined(validity.rangeOverflow) ?
+    //Browsers that implement range will set these values automatically, but reading the adjusted values after
+    //$render would cause the min / max validators to be applied with the wrong value
+    function rangeRender() {
+      originalRender();
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(element.val());
+    } :
+    originalRender;
+
+  if (hasMinAttr) {
+    minVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.min);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.min = supportsRange ?
+      // Since all browsers set the input to a valid value, we don't need to check validity
+      function noopMinValidator() { return true; } :
+      // non-support browsers validate the min val
+      function minValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(minVal) || viewValue >= minVal;
+      };
 
-            if (selectElement[0].value !== option.selectValue) {
-              removeUnknownOption();
-              removeEmptyOption();
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('min', minChange);
+  }
 
-              selectElement[0].value = option.selectValue;
-              option.element.selected = true;
-            }
+  if (hasMaxAttr) {
+    maxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.max);
 
-            option.element.setAttribute('selected', 'selected');
-          } else {
-            if (value === null || providedEmptyOption) {
-              removeUnknownOption();
-              renderEmptyOption();
-            } else {
-              removeEmptyOption();
-              renderUnknownOption();
-            }
-          }
-        };
+    ctrl.$validators.max = supportsRange ?
+      // Since all browsers set the input to a valid value, we don't need to check validity
+      function noopMaxValidator() { return true; } :
+      // non-support browsers validate the max val
+      function maxValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(maxVal) || viewValue <= maxVal;
+      };
 
-        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsValue() {
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('max', maxChange);
+  }
 
-          var selectedOption = options.selectValueMap[selectElement.val()];
+  if (hasStepAttr) {
+    stepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.step);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.step = supportsRange ?
+      function nativeStepValidator() {
+        // Currently, only FF implements the spec on step change correctly (i.e. adjusting the
+        // input element value to a valid value). It's possible that other browsers set the stepMismatch
+        // validity error instead, so we can at least report an error in that case.
+        return !validity.stepMismatch;
+      } :
+      // ngStep doesn't set the setp attr, so the browser doesn't adjust the input value as setting step would
+      function stepValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(stepVal) ||
+               isValidForStep(viewValue, minVal || 0, stepVal);
+      };
 
-          if (selectedOption && !selectedOption.disabled) {
-            removeEmptyOption();
-            removeUnknownOption();
-            return options.getViewValueFromOption(selectedOption);
-          }
-          return null;
-        };
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('step', stepChange);
+  }
 
-        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch the tracked value on the model
-        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
-        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
-          scope.$watch(
-            function() { return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue); },
-            function() { ngModelCtrl.$render(); }
-          );
-        }
+  function setInitialValueAndObserver(htmlAttrName, changeFn) {
+    // interpolated attributes set the attribute value only after a digest, but we need the
+    // attribute value when the input is first rendered, so that the browser can adjust the
+    // input value based on the min/max value
+    element.attr(htmlAttrName, attr[htmlAttrName]);
+    var oldVal = attr[htmlAttrName];
+    attr.$observe(htmlAttrName, function wrappedObserver(val) {
+      if (val !== oldVal) {
+        oldVal = val;
+        changeFn(val);
+      }
+    });
+  }
 
-      } else {
+  function minChange(val) {
+    minVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
 
-        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-          return !value || value.length === 0;
-        };
+    if (supportsRange) {
+      var elVal = element.val();
+      // IE11 doesn't set the el val correctly if the minVal is greater than the element value
+      if (minVal > elVal) {
+        elVal = minVal;
+        element.val(elVal);
+      }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(elVal);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    }
+  }
 
+  function maxChange(val) {
+    maxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
 
-        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsMultiple(value) {
-          options.items.forEach(function(option) {
-            option.element.selected = false;
-          });
+    if (supportsRange) {
+      var elVal = element.val();
+      // IE11 doesn't set the el val correctly if the maxVal is less than the element value
+      if (maxVal < elVal) {
+        element.val(maxVal);
+        // IE11 and Chrome don't set the value to the minVal when max < min
+        elVal = maxVal < minVal ? minVal : maxVal;
+      }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(elVal);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    }
+  }
 
-          if (value) {
-            value.forEach(function(item) {
-              var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(item);
-              if (option) option.element.selected = true;
-            });
-          }
-        };
+  function stepChange(val) {
+    stepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
 
+    // Some browsers don't adjust the input value correctly, but set the stepMismatch error
+    if (!supportsRange) {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    } else if (ctrl.$viewValue !== element.val()) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(element.val());
+    }
+  }
+}
 
-        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsMultiple() {
-          var selectedValues = selectElement.val() || [],
-              selections = [];
+function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
 
-          forEach(selectedValues, function(value) {
-            var option = options.selectValueMap[value];
-            if (option && !option.disabled) selections.push(options.getViewValueFromOption(option));
-          });
+  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
 
-          return selections;
-        };
+function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
 
-        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch these tracked values on the model
-        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
-        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
+  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
 
-          scope.$watchCollection(function() {
-            if (isArray(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
-              return ngModelCtrl.$viewValue.map(function(value) {
-                return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(value);
-              });
-            }
-          }, function() {
-            ngModelCtrl.$render();
-          });
+function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  var doTrim = !attr.ngTrim || trim(attr.ngTrim) !== 'false';
+  // make the name unique, if not defined
+  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
+    element.attr('name', nextUid());
+  }
 
-        }
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    var value;
+    if (element[0].checked) {
+      value = attr.value;
+      if (doTrim) {
+        value = trim(value);
       }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, ev && ev.type);
+    }
+  };
+
+  element.on('change', listener);
 
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    var value = attr.value;
+    if (doTrim) {
+      value = trim(value);
+    }
+    element[0].checked = (value === ctrl.$viewValue);
+  };
 
-      if (providedEmptyOption) {
+  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
+}
 
-        // we need to remove it before calling selectElement.empty() because otherwise IE will
-        // remove the label from the element. wtf?
-        emptyOption.remove();
+function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
+  var parseFn;
+  if (isDefined(expression)) {
+    parseFn = $parse(expression);
+    if (!parseFn.constant) {
+      throw ngModelMinErr('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
+                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
+    }
+    return parseFn(context);
+  }
+  return fallback;
+}
 
-        // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
-        $compile(emptyOption)(scope);
+function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
+  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);
 
-        // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
-        // becomes the compilation root
-        emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
-      } else {
-        emptyOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
-      }
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
+  };
 
-      selectElement.empty();
+  element.on('change', listener);
 
-      // We need to do this here to ensure that the options object is defined
-      // when we first hit it in writeNgOptionsValue
-      updateOptions();
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
+  };
 
-      // We will re-render the option elements if the option values or labels change
-      scope.$watchCollection(ngOptions.getWatchables, updateOptions);
+  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because the $viewValue of an empty checkbox is always set to `false`
+  // This is because of the parser below, which compares the `$modelValue` with `trueValue` to convert
+  // it to a boolean.
+  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return value === false;
+  };
 
-      // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return equals(value, trueValue);
+  });
 
-      function addOptionElement(option, parent) {
-        var optionElement = optionTemplate.cloneNode(false);
-        parent.appendChild(optionElement);
-        updateOptionElement(option, optionElement);
-      }
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
+  });
+}
 
 
-      function updateOptionElement(option, element) {
-        option.element = element;
-        element.disabled = option.disabled;
-        // NOTE: The label must be set before the value, otherwise IE10/11/EDGE create unresponsive
-        // selects in certain circumstances when multiple selects are next to each other and display
-        // the option list in listbox style, i.e. the select is [multiple], or specifies a [size].
-        // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/11314 for more info.
-        // This is unfortunately untestable with unit / e2e tests
-        if (option.label !== element.label) {
-          element.label = option.label;
-          element.textContent = option.label;
-        }
-        if (option.value !== element.value) element.value = option.selectValue;
-      }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name textarea
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML textarea element control with AngularJS data-binding. The data-binding and validation
+ * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
+ * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+ *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * When specifying the `placeholder` attribute of `<textarea>`, Internet Explorer will temporarily
+ * insert the placeholder value as the textarea's content. If the placeholder value contains
+ * interpolation (`{{ ... }}`), an error will be logged in the console when AngularJS tries to update
+ * the value of the by-then-removed text node. This doesn't affect the functionality of the
+ * textarea, but can be undesirable.
+ *
+ * You can work around this Internet Explorer issue by using `ng-attr-placeholder` instead of
+ * `placeholder` on textareas, whenever you need interpolation in the placeholder value. You can
+ * find more details on `ngAttr` in the
+ * [Interpolation](guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes) section of the
+ * Developer Guide.
+ */
 
-      function updateOptions() {
-        var previousValue = options && selectCtrl.readValue();
 
-        // We must remove all current options, but cannot simply set innerHTML = null
-        // since the providedEmptyOption might have an ngIf on it that inserts comments which we
-        // must preserve.
-        // Instead, iterate over the current option elements and remove them or their optgroup
-        // parents
-        if (options) {
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name input
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML input element control. When used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`}, it provides data-binding,
+ * input state control, and validation.
+ * Input control follows HTML5 input types and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Not every feature offered is available for all input types.
+ * Specifically, data binding and event handling via `ng-model` is unsupported for `input[file]`.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+ *    value does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+ *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+ *    input.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('inputExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <form name="myForm">
+           <label>
+              User name:
+              <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+           </div>
+           <label>
+              Last name:
+              <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
+              ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
+               Too short!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
+               Too long!</span>
+           </div>
+         </form>
+         <hr>
+         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br/>
+       </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var user = element(by.exactBinding('user'));
+        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
+        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
+        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
+        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));
 
-          for (var i = options.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            var option = options.items[i];
-            if (isDefined(option.group)) {
-              jqLiteRemove(option.element.parentNode);
-            } else {
-              jqLiteRemove(option.element);
-            }
-          }
-        }
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
 
-        options = ngOptions.getOptions();
+        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
+          userNameInput.clear();
+          userNameInput.sendKeys('');
 
-        var groupElementMap = {};
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
 
-        // Ensure that the empty option is always there if it was explicitly provided
-        if (providedEmptyOption) {
-          selectElement.prepend(emptyOption);
-        }
+        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('');
 
-        options.items.forEach(function addOption(option) {
-          var groupElement;
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
 
-          if (isDefined(option.group)) {
+        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');
 
-            // This option is to live in a group
-            // See if we have already created this group
-            groupElement = groupElementMap[option.group];
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
 
-            if (!groupElement) {
+        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');
 
-              groupElement = optGroupTemplate.cloneNode(false);
-              listFragment.appendChild(groupElement);
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
+    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['?ngModel'],
+    link: {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+        if (ctrls[0]) {
+          (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
+                                                              $browser, $filter, $parse);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
 
-              // Update the label on the group element
-              // "null" is special cased because of Safari
-              groupElement.label = option.group === null ? 'null' : option.group;
 
-              // Store it for use later
-              groupElementMap[option.group] = groupElement;
-            }
+var hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective = function() {
+  var valueProperty = {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: false,
+    get: function() {
+      return this.getAttribute('value') || '';
+    },
+    set: function(val) {
+      this.setAttribute('value', val);
+    }
+  };
 
-            addOptionElement(option, groupElement);
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 200,
+    compile: function(_, attr) {
+      if (lowercase(attr.type) !== 'hidden') {
+        return;
+      }
 
-          } else {
+      return {
+        pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var node = element[0];
 
-            // This option is not in a group
-            addOptionElement(option, listFragment);
+          // Support: Edge
+          // Moving the DOM around prevents autofillling
+          if (node.parentNode) {
+            node.parentNode.insertBefore(node, node.nextSibling);
           }
-        });
-
-        selectElement[0].appendChild(listFragment);
-
-        ngModelCtrl.$render();
 
-        // Check to see if the value has changed due to the update to the options
-        if (!ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty(previousValue)) {
-          var nextValue = selectCtrl.readValue();
-          var isNotPrimitive = ngOptions.trackBy || multiple;
-          if (isNotPrimitive ? !equals(previousValue, nextValue) : previousValue !== nextValue) {
-            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(nextValue);
-            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          // Support: FF, IE
+          // Avoiding direct assignment to .value prevents autofillling
+          if (Object.defineProperty) {
+            Object.defineProperty(node, 'value', valueProperty);
           }
         }
-
-      }
-  }
-
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    terminal: true,
-    require: ['select', 'ngModel'],
-    link: {
-      pre: function ngOptionsPreLink(scope, selectElement, attr, ctrls) {
-        // Deactivate the SelectController.register method to prevent
-        // option directives from accidentally registering themselves
-        // (and unwanted $destroy handlers etc.)
-        ctrls[0].registerOption = noop;
-      },
-      post: ngOptionsPostLink
+      };
     }
   };
-}];
+};
+
+
 
+var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngPluralize
- * @restrict EA
+ * @name ngValue
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
  *
  * @description
- * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
- * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
- * (see {@link guide/i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
- * by specifying the mappings between
- * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
- * and the strings to be displayed.
- *
- * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
- * There are two
- * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
- * in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
- *
- * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
- * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
- * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
- * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
- *
- * # Configuring ngPluralize
- * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
- * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
- *
- * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
- * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
- *
- * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
- * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
- *
- * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
- *
- * ```html
- * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
-                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
- *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
- *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
- * </ng-pluralize>
- *```
- *
- * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
- * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
- * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
- * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
- * show "a dozen people are viewing".
- *
- * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
- * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
- * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
- * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
- *
- * If no rule is defined for a category, then an empty string is displayed and a warning is generated.
- * Note that some locales define more categories than `one` and `other`. For example, fr-fr defines `few` and `many`.
- *
- * # Configuring ngPluralize with offset
- * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
- * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
- * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
- * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
- * Let's take a look at an example:
- *
- * ```html
- * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
- *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
- *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
- *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
- *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
- *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
- * </ng-pluralize>
- * ```
+ * Binds the given expression to the value of the element.
  *
- * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
- * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
- * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
- * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
- * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
- * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
- * is shown.
+ * It is mainly used on {@link input[radio] `input[radio]`} and option elements,
+ * so that when the element is selected, the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} of that element (or its
+ * {@link select `select`} parent element) is set to the bound value. It is especially useful
+ * for dynamically generated lists using {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as shown below.
  *
- * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
- * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
- * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
- * plural categories "one" and "other".
+ * It can also be used to achieve one-way binding of a given expression to an input element
+ * such as an `input[text]` or a `textarea`, when that element does not use ngModel.
  *
- * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bound to.
- * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
- * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string=} ngValue AngularJS expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
+ * and `value` property of the element.
  *
  * @example
-    <example module="pluralizeExample">
+    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
       <file name="index.html">
-        <script>
-          angular.module('pluralizeExample', [])
+       <script>
+          angular.module('valueExample', [])
             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-              $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
-              $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
-              $scope.personCount = 1;
+              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
+              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
             }]);
-        </script>
-        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-          <label>Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /></label><br/>
-          <label>Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /></label><br/>
-          <label>Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /></label><br/>
-
-          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
-          Without Offset:
-          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
-                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
-                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
-                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
-          </ng-pluralize><br>
-
-          <!--- Example with offset --->
-          With Offset(2):
-          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
-                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
-                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
-                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
-                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
-                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
-          </ng-pluralize>
-        </div>
+       </script>
+        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
+            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
+              {{name}}
+              <input type="radio"
+                     ng-model="my.favorite"
+                     ng-value="name"
+                     id="{{name}}"
+                     name="favorite">
+            </label>
+          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
+        </form>
       </file>
       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
-          var withoutOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(0);
-          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
-          var countInput = element(by.model('personCount'));
-
-          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('1 person is viewing.');
-          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor is viewing.');
-
-          countInput.clear();
-          countInput.sendKeys('0');
-
-          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
-          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
-
-          countInput.clear();
-          countInput.sendKeys('2');
-
-          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('2 people are viewing.');
-          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor and Misko are viewing.');
-
-          countInput.clear();
-          countInput.sendKeys('3');
-
-          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('3 people are viewing.');
-          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');
-
-          countInput.clear();
-          countInput.sendKeys('4');
+        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));
 
-          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('4 people are viewing.');
-          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
         });
-        it('should show data-bound names', function() {
-          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
-          var personCount = element(by.model('personCount'));
-          var person1 = element(by.model('person1'));
-          var person2 = element(by.model('person2'));
-          personCount.clear();
-          personCount.sendKeys('4');
-          person1.clear();
-          person1.sendKeys('Di');
-          person2.clear();
-          person2.sendKeys('Vojta');
-          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
+          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
         });
       </file>
     </example>
  */
-var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale, $interpolate, $log) {
-  var BRACE = /{}/g,
-      IS_WHEN = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;
+var ngValueDirective = function() {
+  /**
+   *  inputs use the value attribute as their default value if the value property is not set.
+   *  Once the value property has been set (by adding input), it will not react to changes to
+   *  the value attribute anymore. Setting both attribute and property fixes this behavior, and
+   *  makes it possible to use ngValue as a sort of one-way bind.
+   */
+  function updateElementValue(element, attr, value) {
+    // Support: IE9 only
+    // In IE9 values are converted to string (e.g. `input.value = null` results in `input.value === 'null'`).
+    var propValue = isDefined(value) ? value : (msie === 9) ? '' : null;
+    element.prop('value', propValue);
+    attr.$set('value', value);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
+      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
+        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          var value = scope.$eval(attr.ngValue);
+          updateElementValue(elm, attr, value);
+        };
+      } else {
+        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
+            updateElementValue(elm, attr, value);
+          });
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
 
-  return {
-    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-      var numberExp = attr.count,
-          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
-          offset = attr.offset || 0,
-          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
-          whensExpFns = {},
-          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
-          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
-          braceReplacement = startSymbol + numberExp + '-' + offset + endSymbol,
-          watchRemover = angular.noop,
-          lastCount;
+function addSetValidityMethod(context) {
+  var clazz = context.clazz,
+      set = context.set,
+      unset = context.unset;
 
-      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
-        var tmpMatch = IS_WHEN.exec(attributeName);
-        if (tmpMatch) {
-          var whenKey = (tmpMatch[1] ? '-' : '') + lowercase(tmpMatch[2]);
-          whens[whenKey] = element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
-        }
-      });
-      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
-        whensExpFns[key] = $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, braceReplacement));
+  clazz.prototype.$setValidity = function(validationErrorKey, state, controller) {
+    if (isUndefined(state)) {
+      createAndSet(this, '$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      unsetAndCleanup(this, '$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    }
+    if (!isBoolean(state)) {
+      unset(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      unset(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      if (state) {
+        unset(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        set(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      } else {
+        set(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        unset(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.$pending) {
+      cachedToggleClass(this, PENDING_CLASS, true);
+      this.$valid = this.$invalid = undefined;
+      toggleValidationCss(this, '', null);
+    } else {
+      cachedToggleClass(this, PENDING_CLASS, false);
+      this.$valid = isObjectEmpty(this.$error);
+      this.$invalid = !this.$valid;
+      toggleValidationCss(this, '', this.$valid);
+    }
 
-      });
+    // re-read the state as the set/unset methods could have
+    // combined state in this.$error[validationError] (used for forms),
+    // where setting/unsetting only increments/decrements the value,
+    // and does not replace it.
+    var combinedState;
+    if (this.$pending && this.$pending[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = undefined;
+    } else if (this.$error[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = false;
+    } else if (this.$$success[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = true;
+    } else {
+      combinedState = null;
+    }
 
-      scope.$watch(numberExp, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
-        var count = parseFloat(newVal);
-        var countIsNaN = isNaN(count);
+    toggleValidationCss(this, validationErrorKey, combinedState);
+    this.$$parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, combinedState, this);
+  };
 
-        if (!countIsNaN && !(count in whens)) {
-          // If an explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it.
-          // Otherwise, check it against pluralization rules in $locale service.
-          count = $locale.pluralCat(count - offset);
-        }
+  function createAndSet(ctrl, name, value, controller) {
+    if (!ctrl[name]) {
+      ctrl[name] = {};
+    }
+    set(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+  }
 
-        // If both `count` and `lastCount` are NaN, we don't need to re-register a watch.
-        // In JS `NaN !== NaN`, so we have to explicitly check.
-        if ((count !== lastCount) && !(countIsNaN && isNumber(lastCount) && isNaN(lastCount))) {
-          watchRemover();
-          var whenExpFn = whensExpFns[count];
-          if (isUndefined(whenExpFn)) {
-            if (newVal != null) {
-              $log.debug("ngPluralize: no rule defined for '" + count + "' in " + whenExp);
-            }
-            watchRemover = noop;
-            updateElementText();
-          } else {
-            watchRemover = scope.$watch(whenExpFn, updateElementText);
-          }
-          lastCount = count;
-        }
-      });
+  function unsetAndCleanup(ctrl, name, value, controller) {
+    if (ctrl[name]) {
+      unset(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+    }
+    if (isObjectEmpty(ctrl[name])) {
+      ctrl[name] = undefined;
+    }
+  }
 
-      function updateElementText(newText) {
-        element.text(newText || '');
+  function cachedToggleClass(ctrl, className, switchValue) {
+    if (switchValue && !ctrl.$$classCache[className]) {
+      ctrl.$$animate.addClass(ctrl.$$element, className);
+      ctrl.$$classCache[className] = true;
+    } else if (!switchValue && ctrl.$$classCache[className]) {
+      ctrl.$$animate.removeClass(ctrl.$$element, className);
+      ctrl.$$classCache[className] = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function toggleValidationCss(ctrl, validationErrorKey, isValid) {
+    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
+
+    cachedToggleClass(ctrl, VALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === true);
+    cachedToggleClass(ctrl, INVALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === false);
+  }
+}
+
+function isObjectEmpty(obj) {
+  if (obj) {
+    for (var prop in obj) {
+      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
+        return false;
       }
     }
-  };
-}];
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngRepeat
- * @multiElement
+ * @name ngNonBindable
+ * @restrict AC
+ * @priority 1000
+ * @element ANY
  *
  * @description
- * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
- * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
- * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
- *
- * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
- *
- * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
- * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
- * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
- * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
- * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
- * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
- * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
- * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- *   Creating aliases for these properties is possible with {@link ng.directive:ngInit `ngInit`}.
- *   This may be useful when, for instance, nesting ngRepeats.
- * </div>
+ * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells AngularJS not to compile or bind the contents of the current
+ * DOM element, including directives on the element itself that have a lower priority than
+ * `ngNonBindable`. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be AngularJS directives
+ * and bindings but which should be ignored by AngularJS. This could be the case if you have a site
+ * that displays snippets of code, for instance.
  *
+ * @example
+ * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
+ * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
  *
- * # Iterating over object properties
- *
- * It is possible to get `ngRepeat` to iterate over the properties of an object using the following
- * syntax:
- *
- * ```js
- * <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in myObj"> ... </div>
- * ```
- *
- * However, there are a limitations compared to array iteration:
- *
- * - The JavaScript specification does not define the order of keys
- *   returned for an object, so Angular relies on the order returned by the browser
- *   when running `for key in myObj`. Browsers generally follow the strategy of providing
- *   keys in the order in which they were defined, although there are exceptions when keys are deleted
- *   and reinstated. See the
- *   [MDN page on `delete` for more info](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete#Cross-browser_notes).
- *
- * - `ngRepeat` will silently *ignore* object keys starting with `$`, because
- *   it's a prefix used by Angular for public (`$`) and private (`$$`) properties.
- *
- * - The built-in filters {@link ng.orderBy orderBy} and {@link ng.filter filter} do not work with
- *   objects, and will throw an error if used with one.
- *
- * If you are hitting any of these limitations, the recommended workaround is to convert your object into an array
- * that is sorted into the order that you prefer before providing it to `ngRepeat`. You could
- * do this with a filter such as [toArrayFilter](http://ngmodules.org/modules/angular-toArrayFilter)
- * or implement a `$watch` on the object yourself.
- *
- *
- * # Tracking and Duplicates
- *
- * `ngRepeat` uses {@link $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection $watchCollection} to detect changes in
- * the collection. When a change happens, ngRepeat then makes the corresponding changes to the DOM:
- *
- * * When an item is added, a new instance of the template is added to the DOM.
- * * When an item is removed, its template instance is removed from the DOM.
- * * When items are reordered, their respective templates are reordered in the DOM.
- *
- * To minimize creation of DOM elements, `ngRepeat` uses a function
- * to "keep track" of all items in the collection and their corresponding DOM elements.
- * For example, if an item is added to the collection, ngRepeat will know that all other items
- * already have DOM elements, and will not re-render them.
- *
- * The default tracking function (which tracks items by their identity) does not allow
- * duplicate items in arrays. This is because when there are duplicates, it is not possible
- * to maintain a one-to-one mapping between collection items and DOM elements.
- *
- * If you do need to repeat duplicate items, you can substitute the default tracking behavior
- * with your own using the `track by` expression.
+  <example name="ng-non-bindable">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+      <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+     it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
+       expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
+       expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
+     });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });
+
+/* exported ngOptionsDirective */
+
+/* global jqLiteRemove */
+
+var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOptions
+ * @restrict A
  *
- * For example, you may track items by the index of each item in the collection, using the
- * special scope property `$index`:
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="n in [42, 42, 43, 43] track by $index">
- *      {{n}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * @description
  *
- * You may also use arbitrary expressions in `track by`, including references to custom functions
- * on the scope:
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="n in [42, 42, 43, 43] track by myTrackingFunction(n)">
- *      {{n}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
+ * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
+ * `ngOptions` comprehension expression.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-success">
- * If you are working with objects that have an identifier property, you should track
- * by the identifier instead of the whole object. Should you reload your data later, `ngRepeat`
- * will not have to rebuild the DOM elements for items it has already rendered, even if the
- * JavaScript objects in the collection have been substituted for new ones. For large collections,
- * this significantly improves rendering performance. If you don't have a unique identifier,
- * `track by $index` can also provide a performance boost.
- * </div>
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="model in collection track by model.id">
- *      {{model.name}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * In many cases, {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} can be used on `<option>` elements instead of
+ * `ngOptions` to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits:
+ * - more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression
+ * - reduced memory consumption by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance
+ * - increased render speed by creating the options in a documentFragment instead of individually
  *
- * When no `track by` expression is provided, it is equivalent to tracking by the built-in
- * `$id` function, which tracks items by their identity:
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="obj in collection track by $id(obj)">
- *      {{obj.prop}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
+ * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
+ * directive.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** `track by` must always be the last expression:
- * </div>
- * ```
- * <div ng-repeat="model in collection | orderBy: 'id' as filtered_result track by model.id">
- *     {{model.name}}
- * </div>
- * ```
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
  *
- * # Special repeat start and end points
- * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
- * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
- * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
- * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
+ * ## Complex Models (objects or collections)
  *
- * The example below makes use of this feature:
- * ```html
- *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
- *     Header {{ item }}
- *   </header>
- *   <div class="body">
- *     Body {{ item }}
- *   </div>
- *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
- *     Footer {{ item }}
- *   </footer>
- * ```
+ * By default, `ngModel` watches the model by reference, not value. This is important to know when
+ * binding the select to a model that is an object or a collection.
  *
- * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
- * ```html
- *   <header>
- *     Header A
- *   </header>
- *   <div class="body">
- *     Body A
- *   </div>
- *   <footer>
- *     Footer A
- *   </footer>
- *   <header>
- *     Header B
- *   </header>
- *   <div class="body">
- *     Body B
- *   </div>
- *   <footer>
- *     Footer B
- *   </footer>
- * ```
+ * One issue occurs if you want to preselect an option. For example, if you set
+ * the model to an object that is equal to an object in your collection, `ngOptions` won't be able to set the selection,
+ * because the objects are not identical. So by default, you should always reference the item in your collection
+ * for preselections, e.g.: `$scope.selected = $scope.collection[3]`.
  *
- * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
- * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
+ * Another solution is to use a `track by` clause, because then `ngOptions` will track the identity
+ * of the item not by reference, but by the result of the `track by` expression. For example, if your
+ * collection items have an id property, you would `track by item.id`.
  *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter} | when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave} | when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#move move } | when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered |
+ * A different issue with objects or collections is that ngModel won't detect if an object property or
+ * a collection item changes. For that reason, `ngOptions` additionally watches the model using
+ * `$watchCollection`, when the expression contains a `track by` clause or the the select has the `multiple` attribute.
+ * This allows ngOptions to trigger a re-rendering of the options even if the actual object/collection
+ * has not changed identity, but only a property on the object or an item in the collection changes.
  *
- * See the example below for defining CSS animations with ngRepeat.
+ * Note that `$watchCollection` does a shallow comparison of the properties of the object (or the items in the collection
+ * if the model is an array). This means that changing a property deeper than the first level inside the
+ * object/collection will not trigger a re-rendering.
  *
- * @element ANY
- * @scope
- * @priority 1000
- * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
- *   formats are currently supported:
+ * ## `select` **`as`**
  *
- *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
- *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ * Using `select` **`as`** will bind the result of the `select` expression to the model, but
+ * the value of the `<select>` and `<option>` html elements will be either the index (for array data sources)
+ * or property name (for object data sources) of the value within the collection. If a **`track by`** expression
+ * is used, the result of that expression will be set as the value of the `option` and `select` elements.
  *
- *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
  *
- *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
- *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ * ### `select` **`as`** and **`track by`**
  *
- *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Be careful when using `select` **`as`** and **`track by`** in the same expression.
+ * </div>
  *
- *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking expression
- *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking expression
- *     is specified, ng-repeat associates elements by identity. It is an error to have
- *     more than one tracking expression value resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
- *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)
+ * Given this array of items on the $scope:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.items = [{
+ *   id: 1,
+ *   label: 'aLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'aSubItem' }
+ * }, {
+ *   id: 2,
+ *   label: 'bLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'bSubItem' }
+ * }];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This will work:
  *
- *     Note that the tracking expression must come last, after any filters, and the alias expression.
+ * ```html
+ * <select ng-options="item as item.label for item in items track by item.id" ng-model="selected"></select>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.selected = $scope.items[0];
+ * ```
  *
- *     For example: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`. This implies that the DOM elements
- *     will be associated by item identity in the array.
+ * but this will not work:
  *
- *     For example: `item in items track by $id(item)`. A built in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
- *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the array. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
- *     with the corresponding item in the array by identity. Moving the same object in array would move the DOM
- *     element in the same way in the DOM.
+ * ```html
+ * <select ng-options="item.subItem as item.label for item in items track by item.id" ng-model="selected"></select>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.selected = $scope.items[0].subItem;
+ * ```
  *
- *     For example: `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items come from the database. In this
- *     case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered equivalent as long as their `id`
- *     property is same.
+ * In both examples, the **`track by`** expression is applied successfully to each `item` in the
+ * `items` array. Because the selected option has been set programmatically in the controller, the
+ * **`track by`** expression is also applied to the `ngModel` value. In the first example, the
+ * `ngModel` value is `items[0]` and the **`track by`** expression evaluates to `items[0].id` with
+ * no issue. In the second example, the `ngModel` value is `items[0].subItem` and the **`track by`**
+ * expression evaluates to `items[0].subItem.id` (which is undefined). As a result, the model value
+ * is not matched against any `<option>` and the `<select>` appears as having no selected value.
  *
- *     For example: `item in items | filter:searchText track by item.id` is a pattern that might be used to apply a filter
- *     to items in conjunction with a tracking expression.
  *
- *   * `variable in expression as alias_expression` – You can also provide an optional alias expression which will then store the
- *     intermediate results of the repeater after the filters have been applied. Typically this is used to render a special message
- *     when a filter is active on the repeater, but the filtered result set is empty.
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {comprehension_expression} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
  *
- *     For example: `item in items | filter:x as results` will store the fragment of the repeated items as `results`, but only after
- *     the items have been processed through the filter.
+ *   * for array data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` | orderBy:`orderexpr` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *        (for including a filter with `track by`)
+ *   * for object data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`disable when`** `disable`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
  *
- *     Please note that `as [variable name] is not an operator but rather a part of ngRepeat micro-syntax so it can be used only at the end
- *     (and not as operator, inside an expression).
+ * Where:
  *
- *     For example: `item in items | filter : x | orderBy : order | limitTo : limit as results` .
+ *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
+ *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
+ *      of `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
+ *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
+ *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
+ *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
+ *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
+ *      DOM element.
+ *   * `disable`: The result of this expression will be used to disable the rendered `<option>`
+ *      element. Return `true` to disable.
+ *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
+ *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
+ *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`). With this the selection is preserved
+ *      even when the options are recreated (e.g. reloaded from the server).
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {string=} ngAttrSize sets the size of the select element dynamically. Uses the
+ * {@link guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes ngAttr} directive.
  *
  * @example
- * This example uses `ngRepeat` to display a list of people. A filter is used to restrict the displayed
- * results by name. New (entering) and removed (leaving) items are animated.
-  <example module="ngRepeat" name="ngRepeat" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="repeatController">
-        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
-        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." aria-label="filter friends" />
-        <ul class="example-animate-container">
-          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results">
-            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
-          </li>
-          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length == 0">
-            <strong>No results found...</strong>
-          </li>
-        </ul>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('ngRepeat', ['ngAnimate']).controller('repeatController', function($scope) {
-        $scope.friends = [
-          {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
-          {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
-          {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
-          {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
-          {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
-          {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
-          {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
-          {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
-          {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
-          {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
-        ];
-      });
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .example-animate-container {
-        background:white;
-        border:1px solid black;
-        list-style:none;
-        margin:0;
-        padding:0 10px;
-      }
-
-      .animate-repeat {
-        line-height:30px;
-        list-style:none;
-        box-sizing:border-box;
-      }
-
-      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
-      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
-      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
-        transition:all linear 0.5s;
-      }
-
-      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
-      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
-      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
-        opacity:0;
-        max-height:0;
-      }
-
-      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
-      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
-      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
-        opacity:1;
-        max-height:30px;
-      }
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var friends = element.all(by.repeater('friend in friends'));
-
-      it('should render initial data set', function() {
-        expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
-        expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] John who is 25 years old.');
-        expect(friends.get(1).getText()).toEqual('[2] Jessie who is 30 years old.');
-        expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[10] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
-        expect(element(by.binding('friends.length')).getText())
-            .toMatch("I have 10 friends. They are:");
-      });
-
-       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
-         expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
-
-         element(by.model('q')).sendKeys('ma');
-
-         expect(friends.count()).toBe(2);
-         expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] Mary who is 28 years old.');
-         expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[2] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
-       });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
-var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $animate, $compile) {
-  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
-  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
-
-  var updateScope = function(scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, arrayLength) {
-    // TODO(perf): generate setters to shave off ~40ms or 1-1.5%
-    scope[valueIdentifier] = value;
-    if (keyIdentifier) scope[keyIdentifier] = key;
-    scope.$index = index;
-    scope.$first = (index === 0);
-    scope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
-    scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
-    // jshint bitwise: false
-    scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index&1) === 0);
-    // jshint bitwise: true
-  };
-
-  var getBlockStart = function(block) {
-    return block.clone[0];
-  };
+    <example module="selectExample" name="select">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+        angular.module('selectExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.colors = [
+              {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'white', shade:'light', notAnOption: true},
+              {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'blue', shade:'dark', notAnOption: true},
+              {name:'yellow', shade:'light', notAnOption: false}
+            ];
+            $scope.myColor = $scope.colors[2]; // red
+          }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <ul>
+            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
+              <label>Name: <input ng-model="color.name"></label>
+              <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="color.notAnOption"> Disabled?</label>
+              <button ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <button ng-click="colors.push({})">add</button>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+          <hr/>
+          <label>Color (null not allowed):
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors"></select>
+          </label><br/>
+          <label>Color (null allowed):
+          <span  class="nullable">
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors">
+              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
+            </select>
+          </span></label><br/>
 
-  var getBlockEnd = function(block) {
-    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
-  };
+          <label>Color grouped by shade:
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name group by color.shade for color in colors">
+            </select>
+          </label><br/>
 
+          <label>Color grouped by shade, with some disabled:
+            <select ng-model="myColor"
+                  ng-options="color.name group by color.shade disable when color.notAnOption for color in colors">
+            </select>
+          </label><br/>
 
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    multiElement: true,
-    transclude: 'element',
-    priority: 1000,
-    terminal: true,
-    $$tlb: true,
-    compile: function ngRepeatCompile($element, $attr) {
-      var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
-      var ngRepeatEndComment = $compile.$$createComment('end ngRepeat', expression);
 
-      var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/);
 
-      if (!match) {
-        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', "Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.",
-            expression);
-      }
+          Select <button ng-click="myColor = { name:'not in list', shade: 'other' }">bogus</button>.
+          <br/>
+          <hr/>
+          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:myColor} }}
+          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
+               ng-style="{'background-color':myColor.name}">
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should check ng-options', function() {
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('red');
+           element.all(by.model('myColor')).first().click();
+           element.all(by.css('select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('black');
+           element(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"]')).click();
+           element.all(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('null');
+         });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
 
-      var lhs = match[1];
-      var rhs = match[2];
-      var aliasAs = match[3];
-      var trackByExp = match[4];
+/* eslint-disable max-len */
+//                     //00001111111111000000000002222222222000000000000000000000333333333300000000000000000000000004444444444400000000000005555555555555000000000666666666666600000007777777777777000000000000000888888888800000000000000000009999999999
+var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+disable\s+when\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([$\w][$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([$\w][$\w]*)\s*,\s*([$\w][$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/;
+                        // 1: value expression (valueFn)
+                        // 2: label expression (displayFn)
+                        // 3: group by expression (groupByFn)
+                        // 4: disable when expression (disableWhenFn)
+                        // 5: array item variable name
+                        // 6: object item key variable name
+                        // 7: object item value variable name
+                        // 8: collection expression
+                        // 9: track by expression
+/* eslint-enable */
 
-      match = lhs.match(/^(?:(\s*[\$\w]+)|\(\s*([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\s*\))$/);
 
-      if (!match) {
-        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', "'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'.",
-            lhs);
-      }
-      var valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
-      var keyIdentifier = match[2];
+var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile, $document, $parse) {
 
-      if (aliasAs && (!/^[$a-zA-Z_][$a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(aliasAs) ||
-          /^(null|undefined|this|\$index|\$first|\$middle|\$last|\$even|\$odd|\$parent|\$root|\$id)$/.test(aliasAs))) {
-        throw ngRepeatMinErr('badident', "alias '{0}' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.",
-          aliasAs);
-      }
+  function parseOptionsExpression(optionsExp, selectElement, scope) {
 
-      var trackByExpGetter, trackByIdExpFn, trackByIdArrayFn, trackByIdObjFn;
-      var hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+    var match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP);
+    if (!(match)) {
+      throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
+        'Expected expression in form of ' +
+        '\'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_\'' +
+        ' but got \'{0}\'. Element: {1}',
+        optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
+    }
 
-      if (trackByExp) {
-        trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
-      } else {
-        trackByIdArrayFn = function(key, value) {
-          return hashKey(value);
-        };
-        trackByIdObjFn = function(key) {
-          return key;
-        };
-      }
+    // Extract the parts from the ngOptions expression
 
-      return function ngRepeatLink($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    // The variable name for the value of the item in the collection
+    var valueName = match[5] || match[7];
+    // The variable name for the key of the item in the collection
+    var keyName = match[6];
 
-        if (trackByExpGetter) {
-          trackByIdExpFn = function(key, value, index) {
-            // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
-            if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
-            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
-            hashFnLocals.$index = index;
-            return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
-          };
-        }
+    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is a label expression
+    var selectAs = / as /.test(match[0]) && match[1];
+    // An expression that is used to track the id of each object in the options collection
+    var trackBy = match[9];
+    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is no label expression
+    var valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName);
+    var selectAsFn = selectAs && $parse(selectAs);
+    var viewValueFn = selectAsFn || valueFn;
+    var trackByFn = trackBy && $parse(trackBy);
 
-        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
-        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
-        //   - scope: bound scope
-        //   - element: previous element.
-        //   - index: position
-        //
-        // We are using no-proto object so that we don't need to guard against inherited props via
-        // hasOwnProperty.
-        var lastBlockMap = createMap();
+    // Get the value by which we are going to track the option
+    // if we have a trackFn then use that (passing scope and locals)
+    // otherwise just hash the given viewValue
+    var getTrackByValueFn = trackBy ?
+                              function(value, locals) { return trackByFn(scope, locals); } :
+                              function getHashOfValue(value) { return hashKey(value); };
+    var getTrackByValue = function(value, key) {
+      return getTrackByValueFn(value, getLocals(value, key));
+    };
 
-        //watch props
-        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection) {
-          var index, length,
-              previousNode = $element[0],     // node that cloned nodes should be inserted after
-                                              // initialized to the comment node anchor
-              nextNode,
-              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
-              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
-              nextBlockMap = createMap(),
-              collectionLength,
-              key, value, // key/value of iteration
-              trackById,
-              trackByIdFn,
-              collectionKeys,
-              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
-              nextBlockOrder,
-              elementsToRemove;
+    var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]);
+    var groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || '');
+    var disableWhenFn = $parse(match[4] || '');
+    var valuesFn = $parse(match[8]);
 
-          if (aliasAs) {
-            $scope[aliasAs] = collection;
-          }
+    var locals = {};
+    var getLocals = keyName ? function(value, key) {
+      locals[keyName] = key;
+      locals[valueName] = value;
+      return locals;
+    } : function(value) {
+      locals[valueName] = value;
+      return locals;
+    };
 
-          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
-            collectionKeys = collection;
-            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
-          } else {
-            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
-            // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
-            collectionKeys = [];
-            for (var itemKey in collection) {
-              if (hasOwnProperty.call(collection, itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
-                collectionKeys.push(itemKey);
-              }
-            }
-          }
 
-          collectionLength = collectionKeys.length;
-          nextBlockOrder = new Array(collectionLength);
+    function Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled) {
+      this.selectValue = selectValue;
+      this.viewValue = viewValue;
+      this.label = label;
+      this.group = group;
+      this.disabled = disabled;
+    }
 
-          // locate existing items
-          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
-            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
-            value = collection[key];
-            trackById = trackByIdFn(key, value, index);
-            if (lastBlockMap[trackById]) {
-              // found previously seen block
-              block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
-              delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
-              nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
-              nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
-            } else if (nextBlockMap[trackById]) {
-              // if collision detected. restore lastBlockMap and throw an error
-              forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
-                if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
-              });
-              throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes',
-                  "Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}",
-                  expression, trackById, value);
-            } else {
-              // new never before seen block
-              nextBlockOrder[index] = {id: trackById, scope: undefined, clone: undefined};
-              nextBlockMap[trackById] = true;
-            }
-          }
+    function getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues) {
+      var optionValuesKeys;
 
-          // remove leftover items
-          for (var blockKey in lastBlockMap) {
-            block = lastBlockMap[blockKey];
-            elementsToRemove = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
-            $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
-            if (elementsToRemove[0].parentNode) {
-              // if the element was not removed yet because of pending animation, mark it as deleted
-              // so that we can ignore it later
-              for (index = 0, length = elementsToRemove.length; index < length; index++) {
-                elementsToRemove[index][NG_REMOVED] = true;
-              }
-            }
-            block.scope.$destroy();
+      if (!keyName && isArrayLike(optionValues)) {
+        optionValuesKeys = optionValues;
+      } else {
+        // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
+        optionValuesKeys = [];
+        for (var itemKey in optionValues) {
+          if (optionValues.hasOwnProperty(itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+            optionValuesKeys.push(itemKey);
           }
+        }
+      }
+      return optionValuesKeys;
+    }
 
-          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
-          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
-            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
-            value = collection[key];
-            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
-
-            if (block.scope) {
-              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
-              // associated scope/element
+    return {
+      trackBy: trackBy,
+      getTrackByValue: getTrackByValue,
+      getWatchables: $parse(valuesFn, function(optionValues) {
+        // Create a collection of things that we would like to watch (watchedArray)
+        // so that they can all be watched using a single $watchCollection
+        // that only runs the handler once if anything changes
+        var watchedArray = [];
+        optionValues = optionValues || [];
 
-              nextNode = previousNode;
+        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
+        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
+        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
+          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
+          var value = optionValues[key];
 
-              // skip nodes that are already pending removal via leave animation
-              do {
-                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
-              } while (nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);
+          var locals = getLocals(value, key);
+          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(value, locals);
+          watchedArray.push(selectValue);
 
-              if (getBlockStart(block) != nextNode) {
-                // existing item which got moved
-                $animate.move(getBlockNodes(block.clone), null, previousNode);
-              }
-              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
-              updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
-            } else {
-              // new item which we don't know about
-              $transclude(function ngRepeatTransclude(clone, scope) {
-                block.scope = scope;
-                // http://jsperf.com/clone-vs-createcomment
-                var endNode = ngRepeatEndComment.cloneNode(false);
-                clone[clone.length++] = endNode;
+          // Only need to watch the displayFn if there is a specific label expression
+          if (match[2] || match[1]) {
+            var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
+            watchedArray.push(label);
+          }
 
-                $animate.enter(clone, null, previousNode);
-                previousNode = endNode;
-                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
-                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
-                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
-                block.clone = clone;
-                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
-                updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
-              });
-            }
+          // Only need to watch the disableWhenFn if there is a specific disable expression
+          if (match[4]) {
+            var disableWhen = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
+            watchedArray.push(disableWhen);
           }
-          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
-        });
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
+        }
+        return watchedArray;
+      }),
 
-var NG_HIDE_CLASS = 'ng-hide';
-var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngShow
- * @multiElement
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
- * provided to the `ngShow` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
- * the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
- * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
- * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
- *
- * ```html
- * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
- * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
- *
- * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
- * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
- * ```
- *
- * When the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a falsy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
- * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
- * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
- *
- * ## Why is !important used?
- *
- * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
- * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
- * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
- * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
- *
- * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
- * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
- * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
- *
- * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
- *
- * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
- * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
- * class CSS. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope
- * with extra animation classes that can be added.
- *
- * ```css
- * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
- *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
- *   display: block!important;
- *   position: absolute;
- *   top: -9999px;
- *   left: -9999px;
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
- *
- * ## A note about animations with `ngShow`
- *
- * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
- * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass except that
- * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property
- * so that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
- *
- * ```css
- * //
- * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
- * //
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
- *   /&#42; this is required as of 1.3x to properly
- *      apply all styling in a show/hide animation &#42;/
- *   transition: 0s linear all;
- * }
- *
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add-active,
- * .my-element.ng-hide-remove-active {
- *   /&#42; the transition is defined in the active class &#42;/
- *   transition: 1s linear all;
- * }
- *
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
- * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
- * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
- * ```
- *
- * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display
- * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden |
- * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass}  `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before contents are set to visible |
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy
- *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
- *
- * @example
-  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br/>
-      <div>
-        Show:
-        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-show="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div>
-        Hide:
-        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-hide="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="glyphicons.css">
-      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .animate-show {
-        line-height: 20px;
-        opacity: 1;
-        padding: 10px;
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
-      }
+      getOptions: function() {
 
-      .animate-show.ng-hide-add, .animate-show.ng-hide-remove {
-        transition: all linear 0.5s;
-      }
+        var optionItems = [];
+        var selectValueMap = {};
 
-      .animate-show.ng-hide {
-        line-height: 0;
-        opacity: 0;
-        padding: 0 10px;
-      }
+        // The option values were already computed in the `getWatchables` fn,
+        // which must have been called to trigger `getOptions`
+        var optionValues = valuesFn(scope) || [];
+        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
+        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
 
-      .check-element {
-        padding: 10px;
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
-      }
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
-      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
+        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
+          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
+          var value = optionValues[key];
+          var locals = getLocals(value, key);
+          var viewValue = viewValueFn(scope, locals);
+          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(viewValue, locals);
+          var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
+          var group = groupByFn(scope, locals);
+          var disabled = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
+          var optionItem = new Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled);
 
-      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+          optionItems.push(optionItem);
+          selectValueMap[selectValue] = optionItem;
+        }
 
-        element(by.model('checked')).click();
+        return {
+          items: optionItems,
+          selectValueMap: selectValueMap,
+          getOptionFromViewValue: function(value) {
+            return selectValueMap[getTrackByValue(value)];
+          },
+          getViewValueFromOption: function(option) {
+            // If the viewValue could be an object that may be mutated by the application,
+            // we need to make a copy and not return the reference to the value on the option.
+            return trackBy ? copy(option.viewValue) : option.viewValue;
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  }
 
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    multiElement: true,
-    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-      scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value) {
-        // we're adding a temporary, animation-specific class for ng-hide since this way
-        // we can control when the element is actually displayed on screen without having
-        // to have a global/greedy CSS selector that breaks when other animations are run.
-        // Read: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9103#issuecomment-58335845
-        $animate[value ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
-          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
-        });
-      });
-    }
-  };
-}];
 
+  // Support: IE 9 only
+  // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+  var optionTemplate = window.document.createElement('option'),
+      optGroupTemplate = window.document.createElement('optgroup');
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngHide
- * @multiElement
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
- * provided to the `ngHide` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
- * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
- * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
- * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
- *
- * ```html
- * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
- * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
- *
- * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
- * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
- * ```
- *
- * When the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
- * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
- * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
- *
- * ## Why is !important used?
- *
- * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
- * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
- * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
- * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
- *
- * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
- * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
- * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
- *
- * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
- *
- * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
- * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
- * class in CSS:
- *
- * ```css
- * .ng-hide {
- *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
- *   display: block!important;
- *   position: absolute;
- *   top: -9999px;
- *   left: -9999px;
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
- *
- * ## A note about animations with `ngHide`
- *
- * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
- * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass, except that the `.ng-hide`
- * CSS class is added and removed for you instead of your own CSS class.
- *
- * ```css
- * //
- * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
- * //
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
- *   transition: 0.5s linear all;
- * }
- *
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
- * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
- * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
- * ```
- *
- * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display
- * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden |
- * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass}  `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before contents are set to visible |
- *
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy then
- *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
- *
- * @example
-  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br/>
-      <div>
-        Show:
-        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-show="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div>
-        Hide:
-        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-hide="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="glyphicons.css">
-      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .animate-hide {
-        transition: all linear 0.5s;
-        line-height: 20px;
-        opacity: 1;
-        padding: 10px;
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
-      }
+    function ngOptionsPostLink(scope, selectElement, attr, ctrls) {
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      var multiple = attr.multiple;
 
-      .animate-hide.ng-hide {
-        line-height: 0;
-        opacity: 0;
-        padding: 0 10px;
+      // The emptyOption allows the application developer to provide their own custom "empty"
+      // option when the viewValue does not match any of the option values.
+      for (var i = 0, children = selectElement.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        if (children[i].value === '') {
+          selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = true;
+          selectCtrl.emptyOption = children.eq(i);
+          break;
+        }
       }
 
-      .check-element {
-        padding: 10px;
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
-      }
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
-      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
+      // The empty option will be compiled and rendered before we first generate the options
+      selectElement.empty();
 
-      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+      var providedEmptyOption = !!selectCtrl.emptyOption;
 
-        element(by.model('checked')).click();
+      var unknownOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
+      unknownOption.val('?');
 
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    multiElement: true,
-    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-      scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value) {
-        // The comment inside of the ngShowDirective explains why we add and
-        // remove a temporary class for the show/hide animation
-        $animate[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element,NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
-          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
-        });
-      });
-    }
-  };
-}];
+      var options;
+      var ngOptions = parseOptionsExpression(attr.ngOptions, selectElement, scope);
+      // This stores the newly created options before they are appended to the select.
+      // Since the contents are removed from the fragment when it is appended,
+      // we only need to create it once.
+      var listFragment = $document[0].createDocumentFragment();
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngStyle
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
- *
- * @knownIssue
- * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `style`
- * attribute, when using the `ngStyle` directive on the same element.
- * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngStyle
- *
- * {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
- * object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
- * keys.
- *
- * Since some CSS style names are not valid keys for an object, they must be quoted.
- * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-        <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
-        <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
-        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
-        <br/>
-        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
-        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       span {
-         color: black;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));
+      // Overwrite the implementation. ngOptions doesn't use hashes
+      selectCtrl.generateUnknownOptionValue = function(val) {
+        return '?';
+      };
 
-       it('should check ng-style', function() {
-         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
-         element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
-         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)');
-         element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
-         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
-  scope.$watch(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
-    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
-      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
-    }
-    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
-  }, true);
-});
+      // Update the controller methods for multiple selectable options
+      if (!multiple) {
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSwitch
- * @restrict EA
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
- * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
- * as specified in the template.
- *
- * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
- * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply chooses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
- * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
- * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
- * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
- * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
- * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
- * attribute is displayed.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
- * as literal string values to match against.
- * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
- * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
- * </div>
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsValue(value) {
+          // The options might not be defined yet when ngModel tries to render
+          if (!options) return;
 
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM |
- *
- * @usage
- *
- * ```
- * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
- *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
- *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
- *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
- * </ANY>
- * ```
- *
- *
- * @scope
- * @priority 1200
- * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <code>ng-switch-when</code>.
- * On child elements add:
- *
- * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
- *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
- *   elements will be displayed.
- * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
- *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
- *   case match.
- *
- *
- * @example
-  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
-        </select>
-        <code>selection={{selection}}</code>
-        <hr/>
-        <div class="animate-switch-container"
-          ng-switch on="selection">
-            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
-            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
-            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('switchExample', ['ngAnimate'])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
-          $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
-        }]);
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .animate-switch-container {
-        position:relative;
-        background:white;
-        border:1px solid black;
-        height:40px;
-        overflow:hidden;
-      }
+          var selectedOption = selectElement[0].options[selectElement[0].selectedIndex];
+          var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(value);
 
-      .animate-switch {
-        padding:10px;
-      }
+          // Make sure to remove the selected attribute from the previously selected option
+          // Otherwise, screen readers might get confused
+          if (selectedOption) selectedOption.removeAttribute('selected');
 
-      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
-        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+          if (option) {
+            // Don't update the option when it is already selected.
+            // For example, the browser will select the first option by default. In that case,
+            // most properties are set automatically - except the `selected` attribute, which we
+            // set always
+
+            if (selectElement[0].value !== option.selectValue) {
+              selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
+
+              selectElement[0].value = option.selectValue;
+              option.element.selected = true;
+            }
+
+            option.element.setAttribute('selected', 'selected');
+          } else {
+            selectCtrl.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption(value);
+          }
+        };
+
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsValue() {
+
+          var selectedOption = options.selectValueMap[selectElement.val()];
+
+          if (selectedOption && !selectedOption.disabled) {
+            selectCtrl.unselectEmptyOption();
+            selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
+            return options.getViewValueFromOption(selectedOption);
+          }
+          return null;
+        };
+
+        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch the tracked value on the model
+        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
+        // FIXME: When a user selects an option, this watch will fire needlessly
+        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
+          scope.$watch(
+            function() { return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue); },
+            function() { ngModelCtrl.$render(); }
+          );
+        }
+
+      } else {
+
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsMultiple(values) {
+          // The options might not be defined yet when ngModel tries to render
+          if (!options) return;
+
+          // Only set `<option>.selected` if necessary, in order to prevent some browsers from
+          // scrolling to `<option>` elements that are outside the `<select>` element's viewport.
+          var selectedOptions = values && values.map(getAndUpdateSelectedOption) || [];
+
+          options.items.forEach(function(option) {
+            if (option.element.selected && !includes(selectedOptions, option)) {
+              option.element.selected = false;
+            }
+          });
+        };
+
+
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsMultiple() {
+          var selectedValues = selectElement.val() || [],
+              selections = [];
+
+          forEach(selectedValues, function(value) {
+            var option = options.selectValueMap[value];
+            if (option && !option.disabled) selections.push(options.getViewValueFromOption(option));
+          });
+
+          return selections;
+        };
+
+        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch these tracked values on the model
+        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
+        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
+
+          scope.$watchCollection(function() {
+            if (isArray(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
+              return ngModelCtrl.$viewValue.map(function(value) {
+                return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(value);
+              });
+            }
+          }, function() {
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          });
 
-        position:absolute;
-        top:0;
-        left:0;
-        right:0;
-        bottom:0;
+        }
       }
 
-      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
-      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
-        top:-50px;
-      }
-      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
-      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
-        top:0;
-      }
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var switchElem = element(by.css('[ng-switch]'));
-      var select = element(by.model('selection'));
+      if (providedEmptyOption) {
 
-      it('should start in settings', function() {
-        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
-      });
-      it('should change to home', function() {
-        select.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
-        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
-      });
-      it('should select default', function() {
-        select.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
-        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
-  return {
-    require: 'ngSwitch',
+        // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
+        $compile(selectCtrl.emptyOption)(scope);
 
-    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
-    controller: ['$scope', function ngSwitchController() {
-     this.cases = {};
-    }],
-    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
-      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
-          selectedTranscludes = [],
-          selectedElements = [],
-          previousLeaveAnimations = [],
-          selectedScopes = [];
+        selectElement.prepend(selectCtrl.emptyOption);
 
-      var spliceFactory = function(array, index) {
-          return function() { array.splice(index, 1); };
-      };
+        if (selectCtrl.emptyOption[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+          // This means the empty option has currently no actual DOM node, probably because
+          // it has been modified by a transclusion directive.
+          selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = false;
 
-      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
-        var i, ii;
-        for (i = 0, ii = previousLeaveAnimations.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-          $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimations[i]);
-        }
-        previousLeaveAnimations.length = 0;
+          // Redefine the registerOption function, which will catch
+          // options that are added by ngIf etc. (rendering of the node is async because of
+          // lazy transclusion)
+          selectCtrl.registerOption = function(optionScope, optionEl) {
+            if (optionEl.val() === '') {
+              selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = true;
+              selectCtrl.emptyOption = optionEl;
+              selectCtrl.emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+              // This ensures the new empty option is selected if previously no option was selected
+              ngModelCtrl.$render();
 
-        for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-          var selected = getBlockNodes(selectedElements[i].clone);
-          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
-          var promise = previousLeaveAnimations[i] = $animate.leave(selected);
-          promise.then(spliceFactory(previousLeaveAnimations, i));
-        }
+              optionEl.on('$destroy', function() {
+                var needsRerender = selectCtrl.$isEmptyOptionSelected();
 
-        selectedElements.length = 0;
-        selectedScopes.length = 0;
+                selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = false;
+                selectCtrl.emptyOption = undefined;
 
-        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
-          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
-            selectedTransclude.transclude(function(caseElement, selectedScope) {
-              selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
-              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;
-              caseElement[caseElement.length++] = $compile.$$createComment('end ngSwitchWhen');
-              var block = { clone: caseElement };
+                if (needsRerender) ngModelCtrl.$render();
+              });
+            }
+          };
 
-              selectedElements.push(block);
-              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
-            });
-          });
+        } else {
+          // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
+          // becomes the compilation root
+          selectCtrl.emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
         }
-      });
-    }
-  };
-}];
 
-var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
-  transclude: 'element',
-  priority: 1200,
-  require: '^ngSwitch',
-  multiElement: true,
-  link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
-    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] = (ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] || []);
-    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
-  }
-});
+      }
 
-var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
-  transclude: 'element',
-  priority: 1200,
-  require: '^ngSwitch',
-  multiElement: true,
-  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
-    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
-    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
-   }
-});
+      // We will re-render the option elements if the option values or labels change
+      scope.$watchCollection(ngOptions.getWatchables, updateOptions);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngTransclude
- * @restrict EAC
- *
- * @description
- * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
- *
- * You can specify that you want to insert a named transclusion slot, instead of the default slot, by providing the slot name
- * as the value of the `ng-transclude` or `ng-transclude-slot` attribute.
- *
- * If the transcluded content is not empty (i.e. contains one or more DOM nodes, including whitespace text nodes), any existing
- * content of this element will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
- * If the transcluded content is empty, the existing content is left intact. This lets you provide fallback content in the case
- * that no transcluded content is provided.
- *
- * @element ANY
- *
- * @param {string} ngTransclude|ngTranscludeSlot the name of the slot to insert at this point. If this is not provided, is empty
- *                                               or its value is the same as the name of the attribute then the default slot is used.
- *
- * @example
- * ### Basic transclusion
- * This example demonstrates basic transclusion of content into a component directive.
- * <example name="simpleTranscludeExample" module="transcludeExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <script>
- *       angular.module('transcludeExample', [])
- *        .directive('pane', function(){
- *           return {
- *             restrict: 'E',
- *             transclude: true,
- *             scope: { title:'@' },
- *             template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
- *                         '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
- *                         '<ng-transclude></ng-transclude>' +
- *                       '</div>'
- *           };
- *       })
- *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *         $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
- *         $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
- *       }]);
- *     </script>
- *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *       <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
- *       <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
- *       <pane title="{{title}}">{{text}}</pane>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *      it('should have transcluded', function() {
- *        var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
- *        titleElement.clear();
- *        titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
- *        var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
- *        textElement.clear();
- *        textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
- *        expect(element(by.binding('title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
- *        expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
- *      });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * @example
- * ### Transclude fallback content
- * This example shows how to use `NgTransclude` with fallback content, that
- * is displayed if no transcluded content is provided.
- *
- * <example module="transcludeFallbackContentExample">
- * <file name="index.html">
- * <script>
- * angular.module('transcludeFallbackContentExample', [])
- * .directive('myButton', function(){
- *             return {
- *               restrict: 'E',
- *               transclude: true,
- *               scope: true,
- *               template: '<button style="cursor: pointer;">' +
- *                           '<ng-transclude>' +
- *                             '<b style="color: red;">Button1</b>' +
- *                           '</ng-transclude>' +
- *                         '</button>'
- *             };
- *         });
- * </script>
- * <!-- fallback button content -->
- * <my-button id="fallback"></my-button>
- * <!-- modified button content -->
- * <my-button id="modified">
- *   <i style="color: green;">Button2</i>
- * </my-button>
- * </file>
- * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- * it('should have different transclude element content', function() {
- *          expect(element(by.id('fallback')).getText()).toBe('Button1');
- *          expect(element(by.id('modified')).getText()).toBe('Button2');
- *        });
- * </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * @example
- * ### Multi-slot transclusion
- * This example demonstrates using multi-slot transclusion in a component directive.
- * <example name="multiSlotTranscludeExample" module="multiSlotTranscludeExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *    <style>
- *      .title, .footer {
- *        background-color: gray
- *      }
- *    </style>
- *    <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *      <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
- *      <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
- *      <pane>
- *        <pane-title><a ng-href="{{link}}">{{title}}</a></pane-title>
- *        <pane-body><p>{{text}}</p></pane-body>
- *      </pane>
- *    </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *    angular.module('multiSlotTranscludeExample', [])
- *     .directive('pane', function(){
- *        return {
- *          restrict: 'E',
- *          transclude: {
- *            'title': '?paneTitle',
- *            'body': 'paneBody',
- *            'footer': '?paneFooter'
- *          },
- *          template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
- *                      '<div class="title" ng-transclude="title">Fallback Title</div>' +
- *                      '<div ng-transclude="body"></div>' +
- *                      '<div class="footer" ng-transclude="footer">Fallback Footer</div>' +
- *                    '</div>'
- *        };
- *    })
- *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *      $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
- *      $scope.link = "https://google.com";
- *      $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
- *    }]);
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *      it('should have transcluded the title and the body', function() {
- *        var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
- *        titleElement.clear();
- *        titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
- *        var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
- *        textElement.clear();
- *        textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
- *        expect(element(by.css('.title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
- *        expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
- *        expect(element(by.css('.footer')).getText()).toEqual('Fallback Footer');
- *      });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- */
-var ngTranscludeMinErr = minErr('ngTransclude');
-var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'EAC',
-    terminal: true,
-    compile: function ngTranscludeCompile(tElement) {
+      // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
 
-      // Remove and cache any original content to act as a fallback
-      var fallbackLinkFn = $compile(tElement.contents());
-      tElement.empty();
+      function addOptionElement(option, parent) {
+        var optionElement = optionTemplate.cloneNode(false);
+        parent.appendChild(optionElement);
+        updateOptionElement(option, optionElement);
+      }
 
-      return function ngTranscludePostLink($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
+      function getAndUpdateSelectedOption(viewValue) {
+        var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(viewValue);
+        var element = option && option.element;
 
-        if (!$transclude) {
-          throw ngTranscludeMinErr('orphan',
-          'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
-          'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
-          'Element: {0}',
-          startingTag($element));
-        }
+        if (element && !element.selected) element.selected = true;
 
+        return option;
+      }
 
-        // If the attribute is of the form: `ng-transclude="ng-transclude"` then treat it like the default
-        if ($attrs.ngTransclude === $attrs.$attr.ngTransclude) {
-          $attrs.ngTransclude = '';
+      function updateOptionElement(option, element) {
+        option.element = element;
+        element.disabled = option.disabled;
+        // Support: IE 11 only, Edge 12-13 only
+        // NOTE: The label must be set before the value, otherwise IE 11 & Edge create unresponsive
+        // selects in certain circumstances when multiple selects are next to each other and display
+        // the option list in listbox style, i.e. the select is [multiple], or specifies a [size].
+        // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/11314 for more info.
+        // This is unfortunately untestable with unit / e2e tests
+        if (option.label !== element.label) {
+          element.label = option.label;
+          element.textContent = option.label;
         }
-        var slotName = $attrs.ngTransclude || $attrs.ngTranscludeSlot;
+        element.value = option.selectValue;
+      }
 
-        // If the slot is required and no transclusion content is provided then this call will throw an error
-        $transclude(ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn, null, slotName);
+      function updateOptions() {
+        var previousValue = options && selectCtrl.readValue();
 
-        // If the slot is optional and no transclusion content is provided then use the fallback content
-        if (slotName && !$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)) {
-          useFallbackContent();
+        // We must remove all current options, but cannot simply set innerHTML = null
+        // since the providedEmptyOption might have an ngIf on it that inserts comments which we
+        // must preserve.
+        // Instead, iterate over the current option elements and remove them or their optgroup
+        // parents
+        if (options) {
+
+          for (var i = options.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            var option = options.items[i];
+            if (isDefined(option.group)) {
+              jqLiteRemove(option.element.parentNode);
+            } else {
+              jqLiteRemove(option.element);
+            }
+          }
         }
 
-        function ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn(clone, transcludedScope) {
-          if (clone.length) {
-            $element.append(clone);
+        options = ngOptions.getOptions();
+
+        var groupElementMap = {};
+
+        options.items.forEach(function addOption(option) {
+          var groupElement;
+
+          if (isDefined(option.group)) {
+
+            // This option is to live in a group
+            // See if we have already created this group
+            groupElement = groupElementMap[option.group];
+
+            if (!groupElement) {
+
+              groupElement = optGroupTemplate.cloneNode(false);
+              listFragment.appendChild(groupElement);
+
+              // Update the label on the group element
+              // "null" is special cased because of Safari
+              groupElement.label = option.group === null ? 'null' : option.group;
+
+              // Store it for use later
+              groupElementMap[option.group] = groupElement;
+            }
+
+            addOptionElement(option, groupElement);
+
           } else {
-            useFallbackContent();
-            // There is nothing linked against the transcluded scope since no content was available,
-            // so it should be safe to clean up the generated scope.
-            transcludedScope.$destroy();
+
+            // This option is not in a group
+            addOptionElement(option, listFragment);
           }
-        }
+        });
 
-        function useFallbackContent() {
-          // Since this is the fallback content rather than the transcluded content,
-          // we link against the scope of this directive rather than the transcluded scope
-          fallbackLinkFn($scope, function(clone) {
-            $element.append(clone);
-          });
+        selectElement[0].appendChild(listFragment);
+
+        ngModelCtrl.$render();
+
+        // Check to see if the value has changed due to the update to the options
+        if (!ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty(previousValue)) {
+          var nextValue = selectCtrl.readValue();
+          var isNotPrimitive = ngOptions.trackBy || multiple;
+          if (isNotPrimitive ? !equals(previousValue, nextValue) : previousValue !== nextValue) {
+            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(nextValue);
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          }
         }
-      };
+      }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    terminal: true,
+    require: ['select', 'ngModel'],
+    link: {
+      pre: function ngOptionsPreLink(scope, selectElement, attr, ctrls) {
+        // Deactivate the SelectController.register method to prevent
+        // option directives from accidentally registering themselves
+        // (and unwanted $destroy handlers etc.)
+        ctrls[0].registerOption = noop;
+      },
+      post: ngOptionsPostLink
     }
   };
 }];
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name script
- * @restrict E
+ * @name ngPluralize
+ * @restrict EA
  *
  * @description
- * Load the content of a `<script>` element into {@link ng.$templateCache `$templateCache`}, so that the
- * template can be used by {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ngInclude`},
- * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`}, or {@link guide/directive directives}. The type of the
- * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
- * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
+ * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
+ * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
+ * (see {@link guide/i18n AngularJS i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
+ * by specifying the mappings between
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * and the strings to be displayed.
  *
- * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
- * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
+ * ## Plural categories and explicit number rules
+ * There are two
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * in AngularJS's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
  *
- * @example
-  <example>
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
-        Content of the template.
-      </script>
-
-      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
-      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
-        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
-        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'E',
-    terminal: true,
-    compile: function(element, attr) {
-      if (attr.type == 'text/ng-template') {
-        var templateUrl = attr.id,
-            text = element[0].text;
-
-        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-}];
-
-var noopNgModelController = { $setViewValue: noop, $render: noop };
-
-function chromeHack(optionElement) {
-  // Workaround for https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=381459
-  // Adding an <option selected="selected"> element to a <select required="required"> should
-  // automatically select the new element
-  if (optionElement[0].hasAttribute('selected')) {
-    optionElement[0].selected = true;
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name  select.SelectController
- * @description
- * The controller for the `<select>` directive. This provides support for reading
- * and writing the selected value(s) of the control and also coordinates dynamically
- * added `<option>` elements, perhaps by an `ngRepeat` directive.
- */
-var SelectController =
-        ['$element', '$scope', function($element, $scope) {
+ * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
+ * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
+ * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
+ * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
+ *
+ * ## Configuring ngPluralize
+ * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
+ * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
+ *
+ * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
+ * AngularJS expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
+ *
+ * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
+ * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ *```
+ *
+ * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
+ * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
+ * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
+ * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
+ * show "a dozen people are viewing".
+ *
+ * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
+ * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, AngularJS will replace `{}` with
+ * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
+ * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
+ *
+ * If no rule is defined for a category, then an empty string is displayed and a warning is generated.
+ * Note that some locales define more categories than `one` and `other`. For example, fr-fr defines `few` and `many`.
+ *
+ * ## Configuring ngPluralize with offset
+ * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
+ * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
+ * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
+ * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
+ * Let's take a look at an example:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+ *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+ *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
+ * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
+ * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
+ * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
+ * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and AngularJS uses 1 to decide the plural category.
+ * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
+ * is shown.
+ *
+ * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
+ * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
+ * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
+ * plural categories "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bound to.
+ * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
+ * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example module="pluralizeExample" name="ng-pluralize">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+          angular.module('pluralizeExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
+              $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
+              $scope.personCount = 1;
+            }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <label>Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /></label><br/>
+          <label>Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /></label><br/>
+          <label>Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /></label><br/>
 
-  var self = this,
-      optionsMap = new HashMap();
+          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
+          Without Offset:
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize><br>
 
-  // If the ngModel doesn't get provided then provide a dummy noop version to prevent errors
-  self.ngModelCtrl = noopNgModelController;
+          <!--- Example with offset --->
+          With Offset(2):
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
+          var withoutOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(0);
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var countInput = element(by.model('personCount'));
 
-  // The "unknown" option is one that is prepended to the list if the viewValue
-  // does not match any of the options. When it is rendered the value of the unknown
-  // option is '? XXX ?' where XXX is the hashKey of the value that is not known.
-  //
-  // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
-  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
-  self.unknownOption = jqLite(window.document.createElement('option'));
-  self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
-    var unknownVal = '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
-    self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
-    $element.prepend(self.unknownOption);
-    $element.val(unknownVal);
-  };
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('1 person is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor is viewing.');
 
-  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
-    // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
-    self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
-  });
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('0');
 
-  self.removeUnknownOption = function() {
-    if (self.unknownOption.parent()) self.unknownOption.remove();
-  };
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
 
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('2');
 
-  // Read the value of the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
-  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
-  self.readValue = function readSingleValue() {
-    self.removeUnknownOption();
-    return $element.val();
-  };
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('2 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor and Misko are viewing.');
 
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('3');
 
-  // Write the value to the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
-  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
-  self.writeValue = function writeSingleValue(value) {
-    if (self.hasOption(value)) {
-      self.removeUnknownOption();
-      $element.val(value);
-      if (value === '') self.emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // to make IE9 happy
-    } else {
-      if (value == null && self.emptyOption) {
-        self.removeUnknownOption();
-        $element.val('');
-      } else {
-        self.renderUnknownOption(value);
-      }
-    }
-  };
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('3 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');
 
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('4');
 
-  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been added
-  self.addOption = function(value, element) {
-    // Skip comment nodes, as they only pollute the `optionsMap`
-    if (element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) return;
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('4 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+        it('should show data-bound names', function() {
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var personCount = element(by.model('personCount'));
+          var person1 = element(by.model('person1'));
+          var person2 = element(by.model('person2'));
+          personCount.clear();
+          personCount.sendKeys('4');
+          person1.clear();
+          person1.sendKeys('Di');
+          person2.clear();
+          person2.sendKeys('Vojta');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale, $interpolate, $log) {
+  var BRACE = /{}/g,
+      IS_WHEN = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;
 
-    assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
-    if (value === '') {
-      self.emptyOption = element;
-    }
-    var count = optionsMap.get(value) || 0;
-    optionsMap.put(value, count + 1);
-    self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
-    chromeHack(element);
-  };
+  return {
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      var numberExp = attr.count,
+          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
+          offset = attr.offset || 0,
+          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
+          whensExpFns = {},
+          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+          braceReplacement = startSymbol + numberExp + '-' + offset + endSymbol,
+          watchRemover = angular.noop,
+          lastCount;
 
-  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been removed
-  self.removeOption = function(value) {
-    var count = optionsMap.get(value);
-    if (count) {
-      if (count === 1) {
-        optionsMap.remove(value);
-        if (value === '') {
-          self.emptyOption = undefined;
+      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
+        var tmpMatch = IS_WHEN.exec(attributeName);
+        if (tmpMatch) {
+          var whenKey = (tmpMatch[1] ? '-' : '') + lowercase(tmpMatch[2]);
+          whens[whenKey] = element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
         }
-      } else {
-        optionsMap.put(value, count - 1);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Check whether the select control has an option matching the given value
-  self.hasOption = function(value) {
-    return !!optionsMap.get(value);
-  };
+      });
+      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
+        whensExpFns[key] = $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, braceReplacement));
 
+      });
 
-  self.registerOption = function(optionScope, optionElement, optionAttrs, interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn) {
+      scope.$watch(numberExp, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
+        var count = parseFloat(newVal);
+        var countIsNaN = isNumberNaN(count);
 
-    if (interpolateValueFn) {
-      // The value attribute is interpolated
-      var oldVal;
-      optionAttrs.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
-        if (isDefined(oldVal)) {
-          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+        if (!countIsNaN && !(count in whens)) {
+          // If an explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it.
+          // Otherwise, check it against pluralization rules in $locale service.
+          count = $locale.pluralCat(count - offset);
         }
-        oldVal = newVal;
-        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
-      });
-    } else if (interpolateTextFn) {
-      // The text content is interpolated
-      optionScope.$watch(interpolateTextFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
-        optionAttrs.$set('value', newVal);
-        if (oldVal !== newVal) {
-          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+
+        // If both `count` and `lastCount` are NaN, we don't need to re-register a watch.
+        // In JS `NaN !== NaN`, so we have to explicitly check.
+        if ((count !== lastCount) && !(countIsNaN && isNumberNaN(lastCount))) {
+          watchRemover();
+          var whenExpFn = whensExpFns[count];
+          if (isUndefined(whenExpFn)) {
+            if (newVal != null) {
+              $log.debug('ngPluralize: no rule defined for \'' + count + '\' in ' + whenExp);
+            }
+            watchRemover = noop;
+            updateElementText();
+          } else {
+            watchRemover = scope.$watch(whenExpFn, updateElementText);
+          }
+          lastCount = count;
         }
-        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
       });
-    } else {
-      // The value attribute is static
-      self.addOption(optionAttrs.value, optionElement);
-    }
 
-    optionElement.on('$destroy', function() {
-      self.removeOption(optionAttrs.value);
-      self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
-    });
+      function updateElementText(newText) {
+        element.text(newText || '');
+      }
+    }
   };
 }];
 
+/* exported ngRepeatDirective */
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name select
- * @restrict E
+ * @name ngRepeat
+ * @multiElement
+ * @restrict A
  *
  * @description
- * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
+ * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
+ * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
+ * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
  *
- * The `select` directive is used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`} to provide data-binding
- * between the scope and the `<select>` control (including setting default values).
- * It also handles dynamic `<option>` elements, which can be added using the {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat}` or
- * {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`} directives.
+ * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
  *
- * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the value of the selected option will be bound
- * to the model identified by the `ngModel` directive. With static or repeated options, this is
- * the content of the `value` attribute or the textContent of the `<option>`, if the value attribute is missing.
- * If you want dynamic value attributes, you can use interpolation inside the value attribute.
+ * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
+ * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
+ * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
+ * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
+ * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
+ * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
+ * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * Note that the value of a `select` directive used without `ngOptions` is always a string.
- * When the model needs to be bound to a non-string value, you must either explicitly convert it
- * using a directive (see example below) or use `ngOptions` to specify the set of options.
- * This is because an option element can only be bound to string values at present.
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   Creating aliases for these properties is possible with {@link ng.directive:ngInit `ngInit`}.
+ *   This may be useful when, for instance, nesting ngRepeats.
  * </div>
  *
- * If the viewValue of `ngModel` does not match any of the options, then the control
- * will automatically add an "unknown" option, which it then removes when the mismatch is resolved.
- *
- * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
- * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
- * option. See example below for demonstration.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of {@link ng.directive:ngOptions
- * ngOptions} to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits, such as
- * more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
- * comprehension expression, and additionally in reducing memory and increasing speed by not creating
- * a new scope for each repeated instance.
- * </div>
+ * ## Iterating over object properties
  *
+ * It is possible to get `ngRepeat` to iterate over the properties of an object using the following
+ * syntax:
  *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
- * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
- * @param {string=} multiple Allows multiple options to be selected. The selected values will be
- *     bound to the model as an array.
- * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
- * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds required attribute and required validation constraint to
- * the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use ngRequired instead of required
- * when you want to data-bind to the required attribute.
- * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when selected option(s) changes due to user
- *    interaction with the select element.
- * @param {string=} ngOptions sets the options that the select is populated with and defines what is
- * set on the model on selection. See {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`}.
+ * ```js
+ * <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in myObj"> ... </div>
+ * ```
  *
- * @example
- * ### Simple `select` elements with static options
+ * However, there are a few limitations compared to array iteration:
  *
- * <example name="static-select" module="staticSelect">
- * <file name="index.html">
- * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *   <form name="myForm">
- *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select: </label><br>
- *     <select name="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
- *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
- *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
- *     </select><br>
+ * - The JavaScript specification does not define the order of keys
+ *   returned for an object, so AngularJS relies on the order returned by the browser
+ *   when running `for key in myObj`. Browsers generally follow the strategy of providing
+ *   keys in the order in which they were defined, although there are exceptions when keys are deleted
+ *   and reinstated. See the
+ *   [MDN page on `delete` for more info](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete#Cross-browser_notes).
  *
- *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select with "not selected" option and dynamic option values: </label><br>
- *     <select name="singleSelect" id="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
- *       <option value="">---Please select---</option> <!-- not selected / blank option -->
- *       <option value="{{data.option1}}">Option 1</option> <!-- interpolation -->
- *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
- *     </select><br>
- *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
- *     <tt>singleSelect = {{data.singleSelect}}</tt>
+ * - `ngRepeat` will silently *ignore* object keys starting with `$`, because
+ *   it's a prefix used by AngularJS for public (`$`) and private (`$$`) properties.
  *
- *     <hr>
- *     <label for="multipleSelect"> Multiple select: </label><br>
- *     <select name="multipleSelect" id="multipleSelect" ng-model="data.multipleSelect" multiple>
- *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
- *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
- *       <option value="option-3">Option 3</option>
- *     </select><br>
- *     <tt>multipleSelect = {{data.multipleSelect}}</tt><br/>
- *   </form>
- * </div>
- * </file>
- * <file name="app.js">
- *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
- *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *      $scope.data = {
- *       singleSelect: null,
- *       multipleSelect: [],
- *       option1: 'option-1',
- *      };
+ * - The built-in filters {@link ng.orderBy orderBy} and {@link ng.filter filter} do not work with
+ *   objects, and will throw an error if used with one.
  *
- *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
- *        $scope.data.singleSelect = 'nonsense';
- *      };
- *   }]);
- * </file>
- *</example>
+ * If you are hitting any of these limitations, the recommended workaround is to convert your object into an array
+ * that is sorted into the order that you prefer before providing it to `ngRepeat`. You could
+ * do this with a filter such as [toArrayFilter](http://ngmodules.org/modules/angular-toArrayFilter)
+ * or implement a `$watch` on the object yourself.
  *
- * ### Using `ngRepeat` to generate `select` options
- * <example name="ngrepeat-select" module="ngrepeatSelect">
- * <file name="index.html">
- * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *   <form name="myForm">
- *     <label for="repeatSelect"> Repeat select: </label>
- *     <select name="repeatSelect" id="repeatSelect" ng-model="data.repeatSelect">
- *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" value="{{option.id}}">{{option.name}}</option>
- *     </select>
- *   </form>
- *   <hr>
- *   <tt>repeatSelect = {{data.repeatSelect}}</tt><br/>
- * </div>
- * </file>
- * <file name="app.js">
- *  angular.module('ngrepeatSelect', [])
- *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *      $scope.data = {
- *       repeatSelect: null,
- *       availableOptions: [
- *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
- *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
- *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
- *       ],
- *      };
- *   }]);
- * </file>
- *</example>
  *
+ * ## Tracking and Duplicates
  *
- * ### Using `select` with `ngOptions` and setting a default value
- * See the {@link ngOptions ngOptions documentation} for more `ngOptions` usage examples.
+ * `ngRepeat` uses {@link $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection $watchCollection} to detect changes in
+ * the collection. When a change happens, `ngRepeat` then makes the corresponding changes to the DOM:
  *
- * <example name="select-with-default-values" module="defaultValueSelect">
- * <file name="index.html">
- * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *   <form name="myForm">
- *     <label for="mySelect">Make a choice:</label>
- *     <select name="mySelect" id="mySelect"
- *       ng-options="option.name for option in data.availableOptions track by option.id"
- *       ng-model="data.selectedOption"></select>
- *   </form>
- *   <hr>
- *   <tt>option = {{data.selectedOption}}</tt><br/>
+ * * When an item is added, a new instance of the template is added to the DOM.
+ * * When an item is removed, its template instance is removed from the DOM.
+ * * When items are reordered, their respective templates are reordered in the DOM.
+ *
+ * To minimize creation of DOM elements, `ngRepeat` uses a function
+ * to "keep track" of all items in the collection and their corresponding DOM elements.
+ * For example, if an item is added to the collection, `ngRepeat` will know that all other items
+ * already have DOM elements, and will not re-render them.
+ *
+ * All different types of tracking functions, their syntax, and their support for duplicate
+ * items in collections can be found in the
+ * {@link ngRepeat#ngRepeat-arguments ngRepeat expression description}.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** If you are working with objects that have a unique identifier property, you
+ * should track by this identifier instead of the object instance,
+ * e.g. `item in items track by item.id`.
+ * Should you reload your data later, `ngRepeat` will not have to rebuild the DOM elements for items
+ * it has already rendered, even if the JavaScript objects in the collection have been substituted
+ * for new ones. For large collections, this significantly improves rendering performance.
  * </div>
- * </file>
- * <file name="app.js">
- *  angular.module('defaultValueSelect', [])
- *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *      $scope.data = {
- *       availableOptions: [
- *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
- *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
- *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
- *       ],
- *       selectedOption: {id: '3', name: 'Option C'} //This sets the default value of the select in the ui
- *       };
- *   }]);
- * </file>
- *</example>
  *
+ * ### Effects of DOM Element re-use
  *
- * ### Binding `select` to a non-string value via `ngModel` parsing / formatting
+ * When DOM elements are re-used, ngRepeat updates the scope for the element, which will
+ * automatically update any active bindings on the template. However, other
+ * functionality will not be updated, because the element is not re-created:
  *
- * <example name="select-with-non-string-options" module="nonStringSelect">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <select ng-model="model.id" convert-to-number>
- *       <option value="0">Zero</option>
- *       <option value="1">One</option>
- *       <option value="2">Two</option>
- *     </select>
- *     {{ model }}
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *     angular.module('nonStringSelect', [])
- *       .run(function($rootScope) {
- *         $rootScope.model = { id: 2 };
- *       })
- *       .directive('convertToNumber', function() {
- *         return {
- *           require: 'ngModel',
- *           link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
- *             ngModel.$parsers.push(function(val) {
- *               return parseInt(val, 10);
- *             });
- *             ngModel.$formatters.push(function(val) {
- *               return '' + val;
- *             });
- *           }
- *         };
- *       });
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
- *       var select = element(by.css('select'));
- *       expect(element(by.model('model.id')).$('option:checked').getText()).toEqual('Two');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
+ * - Directives are not re-compiled
+ * - {@link guide/expression#one-time-binding one-time expressions} on the repeated template are not
+ * updated if they have stabilized.
  *
- */
-var selectDirective = function() {
-
-  return {
-    restrict: 'E',
-    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
-    controller: SelectController,
-    priority: 1,
-    link: {
-      pre: selectPreLink,
-      post: selectPostLink
-    }
-  };
-
-  function selectPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
-
-      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
-      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
-      if (!ngModelCtrl) return;
-
-      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
-
-      selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl;
-
-      // When the selected item(s) changes we delegate getting the value of the select control
-      // to the `readValue` method, which can be changed if the select can have multiple
-      // selected values or if the options are being generated by `ngOptions`
-      element.on('change', function() {
-        scope.$apply(function() {
-          ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectCtrl.readValue());
-        });
-      });
+ * The above affects all kinds of element re-use due to tracking, but may be especially visible
+ * when tracking by `$index` due to the way ngRepeat re-uses elements.
+ *
+ * The following example shows the effects of different actions with tracking:
 
-      // If the select allows multiple values then we need to modify how we read and write
-      // values from and to the control; also what it means for the value to be empty and
-      // we have to add an extra watch since ngModel doesn't work well with arrays - it
-      // doesn't trigger rendering if only an item in the array changes.
-      if (attr.multiple) {
+  <example module="ngRepeat" name="ngRepeat-tracking" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('ngRepeat', ['ngAnimate']).controller('repeatController', function($scope) {
+        var friends = [
+          {name:'John', age:25},
+          {name:'Mary', age:40},
+          {name:'Peter', age:85}
+        ];
 
-        // Read value now needs to check each option to see if it is selected
-        selectCtrl.readValue = function readMultipleValue() {
-          var array = [];
-          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
-            if (option.selected) {
-              array.push(option.value);
-            }
-          });
-          return array;
+        $scope.removeFirst = function() {
+          $scope.friends.shift();
         };
 
-        // Write value now needs to set the selected property of each matching option
-        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeMultipleValue(value) {
-          var items = new HashMap(value);
-          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
-            option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
+        $scope.updateAge = function() {
+          $scope.friends.forEach(function(el) {
+            el.age = el.age + 5;
           });
         };
 
-        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
-        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
-        var lastView, lastViewRef = NaN;
-        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
-          if (lastViewRef === ngModelCtrl.$viewValue && !equals(lastView, ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
-            lastView = shallowCopy(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
-            ngModelCtrl.$render();
-          }
-          lastViewRef = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
-        });
-
-        // If we are a multiple select then value is now a collection
-        // so the meaning of $isEmpty changes
-        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-          return !value || value.length === 0;
+        $scope.copy = function() {
+          $scope.friends = angular.copy($scope.friends);
         };
 
-      }
-    }
-
-    function selectPostLink(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
-      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
-      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
-      if (!ngModelCtrl) return;
-
-      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+        $scope.reset = function() {
+          $scope.friends = angular.copy(friends);
+        };
 
-      // We delegate rendering to the `writeValue` method, which can be changed
-      // if the select can have multiple selected values or if the options are being
-      // generated by `ngOptions`.
-      // This must be done in the postLink fn to prevent $render to be called before
-      // all nodes have been linked correctly.
-      ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
-        selectCtrl.writeValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
-      };
-    }
-};
+        $scope.reset();
+      });
+    </file>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="repeatController">
+        <ol>
+          <li>When you click "Update Age", only the first list updates the age, because all others have
+          a one-time binding on the age property. If you then click "Copy", the current friend list
+          is copied, and now the second list updates the age, because the identity of the collection items
+          has changed and the list must be re-rendered. The 3rd and 4th list stay the same, because all the
+          items are already known according to their tracking functions.
+          </li>
+          <li>When you click "Remove First", the 4th list has the wrong age on both remaining items. This is
+          due to tracking by $index: when the first collection item is removed, ngRepeat reuses the first
+          DOM element for the new first collection item, and so on. Since the age property is one-time
+          bound, the value remains from the collection item which was previously at this index.
+          </li>
+        </ol>
 
+        <button ng-click="removeFirst()">Remove First</button>
+        <button ng-click="updateAge()">Update Age</button>
+        <button ng-click="copy()">Copy</button>
+        <br><button ng-click="reset()">Reset List</button>
+        <br>
+        <code>track by $id(friend)</code> (default):
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by $id(friend)</code> (default), with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by friend.name</code>, with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends track by friend.name">
+            {{friend.name}}  is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by $index</code>, with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends track by $index">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
 
-// The option directive is purely designed to communicate the existence (or lack of)
-// of dynamically created (and destroyed) option elements to their containing select
-// directive via its controller.
-var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'E',
-    priority: 100,
-    compile: function(element, attr) {
-      if (isDefined(attr.value)) {
-        // If the value attribute is defined, check if it contains an interpolation
-        var interpolateValueFn = $interpolate(attr.value, true);
-      } else {
-        // If the value attribute is not defined then we fall back to the
-        // text content of the option element, which may be interpolated
-        var interpolateTextFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
-        if (!interpolateTextFn) {
-          attr.$set('value', element.text());
-        }
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:30px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
       }
 
-      return function(scope, element, attr) {
-        // This is an optimization over using ^^ since we don't want to have to search
-        // all the way to the root of the DOM for every single option element
-        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
-            parent = element.parent(),
-            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
-              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
 
-        if (selectCtrl) {
-          selectCtrl.registerOption(scope, element, attr, interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn);
-        }
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
 
-var styleDirective = valueFn({
-  restrict: 'E',
-  terminal: false
-});
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:30px;
+      }
+    </file>
+  </example>
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngRequired
- * @restrict A
  *
- * @description
+ * ## Special repeat start and end points
+ * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
+ * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
+ * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
+ * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
  *
- * ngRequired adds the required {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
- * It is most often used for {@link input `input`} and {@link select `select`} controls, but can also be
- * applied to custom controls.
+ * The example below makes use of this feature:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
+ *     Header {{ item }}
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body {{ item }}
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
+ *     Footer {{ item }}
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
  *
- * The directive sets the `required` attribute on the element if the Angular expression inside
- * `ngRequired` evaluates to true. A special directive for setting `required` is necessary because we
- * cannot use interpolation inside `required`. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide}
- * for more info.
+ * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header A
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body A
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer A
+ *   </footer>
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header B
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body B
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer B
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
  *
- * The validator will set the `required` error key to true if the `required` attribute is set and
- * calling {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty `NgModelController.$isEmpty`} with the
- * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`} returns `true`. For example, the
- * `$isEmpty()` implementation for `input[text]` checks the length of the `$viewValue`. When developing
- * custom controls, `$isEmpty()` can be overwritten to account for a $viewValue that is not string-based.
+ * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
+ * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
  *
- * @example
- * <example name="ngRequiredDirective" module="ngRequiredExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <script>
- *       angular.module('ngRequiredExample', [])
- *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *           $scope.required = true;
- *         }]);
- *     </script>
- *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *       <form name="form">
- *         <label for="required">Toggle required: </label>
- *         <input type="checkbox" ng-model="required" id="required" />
- *         <br>
- *         <label for="input">This input must be filled if `required` is true: </label>
- *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-required="required" /><br>
- *         <hr>
- *         required error set? = <code>{{form.input.$error.required}}</code><br>
- *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
- *       </form>
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter} | when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave} | when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#move move } | when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered |
+ *
+ * See the example below for defining CSS animations with ngRepeat.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1000
+ * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
+ *   formats are currently supported:
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
+ *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
+ *
+ *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
+ *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking expression
+ *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking expression
+ *     is specified, ng-repeat associates elements by identity. It is an error to have
+ *     more than one tracking expression value resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
+ *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)
+ *
+ *     *Default tracking: $id()*: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`.
+ *     This implies that the DOM elements will be associated by item identity in the collection.
+ *
+ *     The built-in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
+ *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the collection. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
+ *     with the corresponding item in the collection by identity. Moving the same object would move
+ *     the DOM element in the same way in the DOM.
+ *     Note that the default id function does not support duplicate primitive values (`number`, `string`),
+ *     but supports duplictae non-primitive values (`object`) that are *equal* in shape.
+ *
+ *     *Custom Expression*: It is possible to use any AngularJS expression to compute the tracking
+ *     id, for example with a function, or using a property on the collection items.
+ *     `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items have a unique identifier,
+ *     e.g. database id. In this case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered
+ *     equivalent as long as their `id` property is same.
+ *     Tracking by unique identifier is the most performant way and should be used whenever possible.
+ *
+ *     *$index*: This special property tracks the collection items by their index, and
+ *     re-uses the DOM elements that match that index, e.g. `item in items track by $index`. This can
+ *     be used for a performance improvement if no unique identfier is available and the identity of
+ *     the collection items cannot be easily computed. It also allows duplicates.
+ *
+ *     <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *       <strong>Note:</strong> Re-using DOM elements can have unforeseen effects. Read the
+ *       {@link ngRepeat#tracking-and-duplicates section on tracking and duplicates} for
+ *       more info.
  *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var required = element(by.binding('form.input.$error.required'));
-       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
-       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+ *
+ *     <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *       <strong>Note:</strong> the `track by` expression must come last - after any filters, and the alias expression:
+ *       `item in items | filter:searchText as results  track by item.id`
+ *     </div>
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression as alias_expression` – You can also provide an optional alias expression which will then store the
+ *     intermediate results of the repeater after the filters have been applied. Typically this is used to render a special message
+ *     when a filter is active on the repeater, but the filtered result set is empty.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter:x as results` will store the fragment of the repeated items as `results`, but only after
+ *     the items have been processed through the filter.
+ *
+ *     Please note that `as [variable name]` is not an operator but rather a part of ngRepeat
+ *     micro-syntax so it can be used only after all filters (and not as operator, inside an expression).
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter : x | orderBy : order | limitTo : limit as results track by item.id` .
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example uses `ngRepeat` to display a list of people. A filter is used to restrict the displayed
+ * results by name or by age. New (entering) and removed (leaving) items are animated.
+  <example module="ngRepeat" name="ngRepeat" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="repeatController">
+        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
+        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." aria-label="filter friends" />
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results track by friend.name">
+            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length === 0">
+            <strong>No results found...</strong>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('ngRepeat', ['ngAnimate']).controller('repeatController', function($scope) {
+        $scope.friends = [
+          {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
+          {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
+          {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
+        ];
+      });
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:30px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:30px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var friends = element.all(by.repeater('friend in friends'));
 
-       it('should set the required error', function() {
-         expect(required.getText()).toContain('true');
+      it('should render initial data set', function() {
+        expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+        expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] John who is 25 years old.');
+        expect(friends.get(1).getText()).toEqual('[2] Jessie who is 30 years old.');
+        expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[10] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
+        expect(element(by.binding('friends.length')).getText())
+            .toMatch("I have 10 friends. They are:");
+      });
 
-         input.sendKeys('123');
-         expect(required.getText()).not.toContain('true');
-         expect(model.getText()).toContain('123');
+       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+
+         element(by.model('q')).sendKeys('ma');
+
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(2);
+         expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] Mary who is 28 years old.');
+         expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[2] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
        });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
+      </file>
+    </example>
  */
-var requiredDirective = function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    require: '?ngModel',
-    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
-      if (!ctrl) return;
-      attr.required = true; // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $animate, $compile) {
+  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
+  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
 
-      ctrl.$validators.required = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        return !attr.required || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
-      };
+  var updateScope = function(scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, arrayLength) {
+    // TODO(perf): generate setters to shave off ~40ms or 1-1.5%
+    scope[valueIdentifier] = value;
+    if (keyIdentifier) scope[keyIdentifier] = key;
+    scope.$index = index;
+    scope.$first = (index === 0);
+    scope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
+    scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+    scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index & 1) === 0);
+  };
 
-      attr.$observe('required', function() {
-        ctrl.$validate();
-      });
-    }
+  var getBlockStart = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[0];
   };
-};
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngPattern
- *
- * @description
- *
- * ngPattern adds the pattern {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
- * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
- *
- * The validator sets the `pattern` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
- * does not match a RegExp which is obtained by evaluating the Angular expression given in the
- * `ngPattern` attribute value:
- * * If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
- * * If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it
- * in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
- * start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
- * account.
- * </div>
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `pattern` attribute is used, with two
- * differences:
- * <ol>
- *   <li>
- *     `ngPattern` does not set the `pattern` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint validation is
- *     not available.
- *   </li>
- *   <li>
- *     The `ngPattern` attribute must be an expression, while the `pattern` value must be
- *     interpolated.
- *   </li>
- * </ol>
- * </div>
- *
- * @example
- * <example name="ngPatternDirective" module="ngPatternExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <script>
- *       angular.module('ngPatternExample', [])
- *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *           $scope.regex = '\\d+';
- *         }]);
- *     </script>
- *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *       <form name="form">
- *         <label for="regex">Set a pattern (regex string): </label>
- *         <input type="text" ng-model="regex" id="regex" />
- *         <br>
- *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current pattern: </label>
- *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-pattern="regex" /><br>
- *         <hr>
- *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
- *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
- *       </form>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
-       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+  var getBlockEnd = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
+  };
 
-       it('should validate the input with the default pattern', function() {
-         input.sendKeys('aaa');
-         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('aaa');
+  var trackByIdArrayFn = function($scope, key, value) {
+    return hashKey(value);
+  };
+
+  var trackByIdObjFn = function($scope, key) {
+    return key;
+  };
 
-         input.clear().then(function() {
-           input.sendKeys('123');
-           expect(model.getText()).toContain('123');
-         });
-       });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- */
-var patternDirective = function() {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
-    require: '?ngModel',
-    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
-      if (!ctrl) return;
+    multiElement: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 1000,
+    terminal: true,
+    $$tlb: true,
+    compile: function ngRepeatCompile($element, $attr) {
+      var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
+      var ngRepeatEndComment = $compile.$$createComment('end ngRepeat', expression);
+
+      var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', 'Expected expression in form of \'_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]\' but got \'{0}\'.',
+            expression);
+      }
+
+      var lhs = match[1];
+      var rhs = match[2];
+      var aliasAs = match[3];
+      var trackByExp = match[4];
+
+      match = lhs.match(/^(?:(\s*[$\w]+)|\(\s*([$\w]+)\s*,\s*([$\w]+)\s*\))$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', '\'_item_\' in \'_item_ in _collection_\' should be an identifier or \'(_key_, _value_)\' expression, but got \'{0}\'.',
+            lhs);
+      }
+      var valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
+      var keyIdentifier = match[2];
+
+      if (aliasAs && (!/^[$a-zA-Z_][$a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(aliasAs) ||
+          /^(null|undefined|this|\$index|\$first|\$middle|\$last|\$even|\$odd|\$parent|\$root|\$id)$/.test(aliasAs))) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('badident', 'alias \'{0}\' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.',
+          aliasAs);
+      }
+
+      var trackByIdExpFn;
+
+      if (trackByExp) {
+        var hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+        var trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
+
+        trackByIdExpFn = function($scope, key, value, index) {
+          // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
+          if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
+          hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
+          hashFnLocals.$index = index;
+          return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
+        };
+      }
+
+      return function ngRepeatLink($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+
+        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
+        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
+        //   - scope: bound scope
+        //   - clone: previous element.
+        //   - index: position
+        //
+        // We are using no-proto object so that we don't need to guard against inherited props via
+        // hasOwnProperty.
+        var lastBlockMap = createMap();
+
+        //watch props
+        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection) {
+          var index, length,
+              previousNode = $element[0],     // node that cloned nodes should be inserted after
+                                              // initialized to the comment node anchor
+              nextNode,
+              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
+              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
+              nextBlockMap = createMap(),
+              collectionLength,
+              key, value, // key/value of iteration
+              trackById,
+              trackByIdFn,
+              collectionKeys,
+              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
+              nextBlockOrder,
+              elementsToRemove;
+
+          if (aliasAs) {
+            $scope[aliasAs] = collection;
+          }
+
+          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
+            collectionKeys = collection;
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
+          } else {
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
+            // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
+            collectionKeys = [];
+            for (var itemKey in collection) {
+              if (hasOwnProperty.call(collection, itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+                collectionKeys.push(itemKey);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          collectionLength = collectionKeys.length;
+          nextBlockOrder = new Array(collectionLength);
+
+          // locate existing items
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            trackById = trackByIdFn($scope, key, value, index);
+            if (lastBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // found previously seen block
+              block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
+            } else if (nextBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // if collision detected. restore lastBlockMap and throw an error
+              forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
+                if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+              });
+              throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes',
+                  'Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use \'track by\' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}',
+                  expression, trackById, value);
+            } else {
+              // new never before seen block
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = {id: trackById, scope: undefined, clone: undefined};
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = true;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Clear the value property from the hashFnLocals object to prevent a reference to the last value
+          // being leaked into the ngRepeatCompile function scope
+          if (hashFnLocals) {
+            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = undefined;
+          }
+
+          // remove leftover items
+          for (var blockKey in lastBlockMap) {
+            block = lastBlockMap[blockKey];
+            elementsToRemove = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
+            $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
+            if (elementsToRemove[0].parentNode) {
+              // if the element was not removed yet because of pending animation, mark it as deleted
+              // so that we can ignore it later
+              for (index = 0, length = elementsToRemove.length; index < length; index++) {
+                elementsToRemove[index][NG_REMOVED] = true;
+              }
+            }
+            block.scope.$destroy();
+          }
 
-      var regexp, patternExp = attr.ngPattern || attr.pattern;
-      attr.$observe('pattern', function(regex) {
-        if (isString(regex) && regex.length > 0) {
-          regex = new RegExp('^' + regex + '$');
-        }
+          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
 
-        if (regex && !regex.test) {
-          throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
-            'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
-            regex, startingTag(elm));
-        }
+            if (block.scope) {
+              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
+              // associated scope/element
 
-        regexp = regex || undefined;
-        ctrl.$validate();
-      });
+              nextNode = previousNode;
+
+              // skip nodes that are already pending removal via leave animation
+              do {
+                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
+              } while (nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);
+
+              if (getBlockStart(block) !== nextNode) {
+                // existing item which got moved
+                $animate.move(getBlockNodes(block.clone), null, previousNode);
+              }
+              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
+              updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+            } else {
+              // new item which we don't know about
+              $transclude(function ngRepeatTransclude(clone, scope) {
+                block.scope = scope;
+                // http://jsperf.com/clone-vs-createcomment
+                var endNode = ngRepeatEndComment.cloneNode(false);
+                clone[clone.length++] = endNode;
 
-      ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        // HTML5 pattern constraint validates the input value, so we validate the viewValue
-        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(viewValue);
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, previousNode);
+                previousNode = endNode;
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
+                block.clone = clone;
+                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+                updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+              });
+            }
+          }
+          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
+        });
       };
     }
   };
-};
+}];
 
+var NG_HIDE_CLASS = 'ng-hide';
+var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMaxlength
+ * @name ngShow
+ * @multiElement
  *
  * @description
+ * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression provided to
+ * the `ngShow` attribute.
  *
- * ngMaxlength adds the maxlength {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
- * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
+ * The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element.
+ * The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an
+ * `!important` flag). For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your HTML file (see
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
  *
- * The validator sets the `maxlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
- * is longer than the integer obtained by evaluating the Angular expression given in the
- * `ngMaxlength` attribute value.
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `maxlength` attribute is used, with two
- * differences:
- * <ol>
- *   <li>
- *     `ngMaxlength` does not set the `maxlength` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint
- *     validation is not available.
- *   </li>
- *   <li>
- *     The `ngMaxlength` attribute must be an expression, while the `maxlength` value must be
- *     interpolated.
- *   </li>
- * </ol>
- * </div>
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a falsy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added
+ * to the class attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is removed from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is `!important` used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why `!important` is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the
+ * `.ng-hide` selector can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as
+ * simple as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear
+ * visible. This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using `!important`, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between
+ * CSS selector specificity (when `!important` isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a
+ * developer chooses to override the styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a
+ * matter of using `!important` in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none !important`. If you
+ * wish to change the hide behavior with `ngShow`/`ngHide`, you can simply overwrite the styles for
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually
+ * `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope with extra animation classes that can be added.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
+ *   /&#42; These are just alternative ways of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override anything in CSS and the animations will work around the
+ * display style.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                                           | Occurs                                                                                                        |
+ * |-----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`       | After the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden. |
+ * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass} `.ng-hide` | After the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before contents are set to visible.        |
+ *
+ * Animations in `ngShow`/`ngHide` work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the
+ * directive expression is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with
+ * `ngClass` except that you must also include the `!important` flag to override the display
+ * property so that the elements are not actually hidden during the animation.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * /&#42; A working example can be found at the bottom of this page. &#42;/
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition: all 0.5s linear;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display property
+ * to block during animation states - ngAnimate will automatically handle the style toggling for you.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy/falsy then the
+ *                            element is shown/hidden respectively.
  *
  * @example
- * <example name="ngMaxlengthDirective" module="ngMaxlengthExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <script>
- *       angular.module('ngMaxlengthExample', [])
- *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *           $scope.maxlength = 5;
- *         }]);
- *     </script>
- *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *       <form name="form">
- *         <label for="maxlength">Set a maxlength: </label>
- *         <input type="number" ng-model="maxlength" id="maxlength" />
- *         <br>
- *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current maxlength: </label>
- *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-maxlength="maxlength" /><br>
- *         <hr>
- *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
- *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
- *       </form>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
-       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+ * A simple example, animating the element's opacity:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-show-simple">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Show: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br />
+      <div class="check-element animate-show-hide" ng-show="checked">
+        I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide {
+        opacity: 0;
+      }
 
-       it('should validate the input with the default maxlength', function() {
-         input.sendKeys('abcdef');
-         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('abcdef');
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+      }
 
-         input.clear().then(function() {
-           input.sendKeys('abcde');
-           expect(model.getText()).toContain('abcde');
-         });
-       });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- */
-var maxlengthDirective = function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    require: '?ngModel',
-    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
-      if (!ctrl) return;
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngShow', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
 
-      var maxlength = -1;
-      attr.$observe('maxlength', function(value) {
-        var intVal = toInt(value);
-        maxlength = isNaN(intVal) ? -1 : intVal;
-        ctrl.$validate();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
       });
-      ctrl.$validators.maxlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        return (maxlength < 0) || ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || (viewValue.length <= maxlength);
-      };
-    }
-  };
-};
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMinlength
- *
- * @description
- *
- * ngMinlength adds the minlength {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
- * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
- *
- * The validator sets the `minlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
- * is shorter than the integer obtained by evaluating the Angular expression given in the
- * `ngMinlength` attribute value.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `minlength` attribute is used, with two
- * differences:
- * <ol>
- *   <li>
- *     `ngMinlength` does not set the `minlength` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint
- *     validation is not available.
- *   </li>
- *   <li>
- *     The `ngMinlength` value must be an expression, while the `minlength` value must be
- *     interpolated.
- *   </li>
- * </ol>
- * </div>
+    </file>
+  </example>
  *
+ * <hr />
  * @example
- * <example name="ngMinlengthDirective" module="ngMinlengthExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <script>
- *       angular.module('ngMinlengthExample', [])
- *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *           $scope.minlength = 3;
- *         }]);
- *     </script>
- *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *       <form name="form">
- *         <label for="minlength">Set a minlength: </label>
- *         <input type="number" ng-model="minlength" id="minlength" />
- *         <br>
- *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current minlength: </label>
- *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-minlength="minlength" /><br>
- *         <hr>
- *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
- *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
- *       </form>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
-       var input = element(by.id('input'));
+ * A more complex example, featuring different show/hide animations:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-show-complex">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Show: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br />
+      <div class="check-element funky-show-hide" ng-show="checked">
+        I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      body {
+        overflow: hidden;
+        perspective: 1000px;
+      }
 
-       it('should validate the input with the default minlength', function() {
-         input.sendKeys('ab');
-         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('ab');
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add {
+        transform: rotateZ(0);
+        transform-origin: right;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
+      }
 
-         input.sendKeys('abc');
-         expect(model.getText()).toContain('abc');
-       });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active {
+        transform: rotateZ(-135deg);
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transform: rotateY(90deg);
+        transform-origin: left;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
+        transform: rotateY(0);
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngShow', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
+
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * ### Flickering when using ngShow to toggle between elements
+ *
+ * When using {@link ngShow} and / or {@link ngHide} to toggle between elements, it can
+ * happen that both the element to show and the element to hide are visible for a very short time.
+ *
+ * This usually happens when the {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} is included, but no actual animations
+ * are defined for {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}. Internet Explorer is affected more often than
+ * other browsers.
+ *
+ * There are several way to mitigate this problem:
+ *
+ * - {@link guide/animations#how-to-selectively-enable-disable-and-skip-animations Disable animations on the affected elements}.
+ * - Use {@link ngIf} or {@link ngSwitch} instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Use the special CSS selector `ng-hide.ng-hide-animate` to set `{display: none}` or similar on the affected elements.
+ * - Use `ng-class="{'ng-hide': expression}` instead of instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Define an animation on the affected elements.
  */
-var minlengthDirective = function() {
+var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
-    require: '?ngModel',
-    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
-      if (!ctrl) return;
-
-      var minlength = 0;
-      attr.$observe('minlength', function(value) {
-        minlength = toInt(value) || 0;
-        ctrl.$validate();
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value) {
+        // we're adding a temporary, animation-specific class for ng-hide since this way
+        // we can control when the element is actually displayed on screen without having
+        // to have a global/greedy CSS selector that breaks when other animations are run.
+        // Read: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9103#issuecomment-58335845
+        $animate[value ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
       });
-      ctrl.$validators.minlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || viewValue.length >= minlength;
-      };
     }
   };
-};
-
-if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
-  //AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
-  if (window.console) {
-    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load angular more than once.');
-  }
-  return;
-}
+}];
 
-//try to bind to jquery now so that one can write jqLite(document).ready()
-//but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
-bindJQuery();
 
-publishExternalAPI(angular);
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHide
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression provided to
+ * the `ngHide` attribute.
+ *
+ * The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element.
+ * The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an
+ * `!important` flag). For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your HTML file (see
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added
+ * to the class attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is removed from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is `!important` used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why `!important` is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the
+ * `.ng-hide` selector can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as
+ * simple as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear
+ * visible. This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using `!important`, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between
+ * CSS selector specificity (when `!important` isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a
+ * developer chooses to override the styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a
+ * matter of using `!important` in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none !important`. If you
+ * wish to change the hide behavior with `ngShow`/`ngHide`, you can simply overwrite the styles for
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually
+ * `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope with extra animation classes that can be added.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
+ *   /&#42; These are just alternative ways of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the
+ * display style.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                                           | Occurs                                                                                                     |
+ * |-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`       | After the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden.  |
+ * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass} `.ng-hide` | After the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before contents are set to visible. |
+ *
+ * Animations in `ngShow`/`ngHide` work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the
+ * directive expression is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with
+ * `ngClass` except that you must also include the `!important` flag to override the display
+ * property so that the elements are not actually hidden during the animation.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * /&#42; A working example can be found at the bottom of this page. &#42;/
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition: all 0.5s linear;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display property
+ * to block during animation states - ngAnimate will automatically handle the style toggling for you.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy/falsy then the
+ *                            element is hidden/shown respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * A simple example, animating the element's opacity:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-hide-simple">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Hide: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br />
+      <div class="check-element animate-show-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+        I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide {
+        opacity: 0;
+      }
 
-angular.module("ngLocale", [], ["$provide", function($provide) {
-var PLURAL_CATEGORY = {ZERO: "zero", ONE: "one", TWO: "two", FEW: "few", MANY: "many", OTHER: "other"};
-function getDecimals(n) {
-  n = n + '';
-  var i = n.indexOf('.');
-  return (i == -1) ? 0 : n.length - i - 1;
-}
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+      }
 
-function getVF(n, opt_precision) {
-  var v = opt_precision;
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngHide', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
 
-  if (undefined === v) {
-    v = Math.min(getDecimals(n), 3);
-  }
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * @example
+ * A more complex example, featuring different show/hide animations:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-hide-complex">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Hide: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br />
+      <div class="check-element funky-show-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+        I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      body {
+        overflow: hidden;
+        perspective: 1000px;
+      }
 
-  var base = Math.pow(10, v);
-  var f = ((n * base) | 0) % base;
-  return {v: v, f: f};
-}
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add {
+        transform: rotateZ(0);
+        transform-origin: right;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
+      }
 
-$provide.value("$locale", {
-  "DATETIME_FORMATS": {
-    "AMPMS": [
-      "AM",
-      "PM"
-    ],
-    "DAY": [
-      "Sunday",
-      "Monday",
-      "Tuesday",
-      "Wednesday",
-      "Thursday",
-      "Friday",
-      "Saturday"
-    ],
-    "ERANAMES": [
-      "Before Christ",
-      "Anno Domini"
-    ],
-    "ERAS": [
-      "BC",
-      "AD"
-    ],
-    "FIRSTDAYOFWEEK": 6,
-    "MONTH": [
-      "January",
-      "February",
-      "March",
-      "April",
-      "May",
-      "June",
-      "July",
-      "August",
-      "September",
-      "October",
-      "November",
-      "December"
-    ],
-    "SHORTDAY": [
-      "Sun",
-      "Mon",
-      "Tue",
-      "Wed",
-      "Thu",
-      "Fri",
-      "Sat"
-    ],
-    "SHORTMONTH": [
-      "Jan",
-      "Feb",
-      "Mar",
-      "Apr",
-      "May",
-      "Jun",
-      "Jul",
-      "Aug",
-      "Sep",
-      "Oct",
-      "Nov",
-      "Dec"
-    ],
-    "STANDALONEMONTH": [
-      "January",
-      "February",
-      "March",
-      "April",
-      "May",
-      "June",
-      "July",
-      "August",
-      "September",
-      "October",
-      "November",
-      "December"
-    ],
-    "WEEKENDRANGE": [
-      5,
-      6
-    ],
-    "fullDate": "EEEE, MMMM d, y",
-    "longDate": "MMMM d, y",
-    "medium": "MMM d, y h:mm:ss a",
-    "mediumDate": "MMM d, y",
-    "mediumTime": "h:mm:ss a",
-    "short": "M/d/yy h:mm a",
-    "shortDate": "M/d/yy",
-    "shortTime": "h:mm a"
-  },
-  "NUMBER_FORMATS": {
-    "CURRENCY_SYM": "$",
-    "DECIMAL_SEP": ".",
-    "GROUP_SEP": ",",
-    "PATTERNS": [
-      {
-        "gSize": 3,
-        "lgSize": 3,
-        "maxFrac": 3,
-        "minFrac": 0,
-        "minInt": 1,
-        "negPre": "-",
-        "negSuf": "",
-        "posPre": "",
-        "posSuf": ""
-      },
-      {
-        "gSize": 3,
-        "lgSize": 3,
-        "maxFrac": 2,
-        "minFrac": 2,
-        "minInt": 1,
-        "negPre": "-\u00a4",
-        "negSuf": "",
-        "posPre": "\u00a4",
-        "posSuf": ""
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active {
+        transform: rotateZ(-135deg);
       }
-    ]
-  },
-  "id": "en-us",
-  "localeID": "en_US",
-  "pluralCat": function(n, opt_precision) {  var i = n | 0;  var vf = getVF(n, opt_precision);  if (i == 1 && vf.v == 0) {    return PLURAL_CATEGORY.ONE;  }  return PLURAL_CATEGORY.OTHER;}
-});
-}]);
 
-/**
- * Setup file for the Scenario.
- * Must be first in the compilation/bootstrap list.
- */
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transform: rotateY(90deg);
+        transform-origin: left;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease;
+      }
 
-// Public namespace
-angular.scenario = angular.scenario || {};
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
+        transform: rotateY(0);
+      }
 
-/**
- * Expose jQuery (e.g. for custom dsl extensions).
- */
-angular.scenario.jQuery = _jQuery;
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngHide', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
 
-/**
- * Defines a new output format.
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
  *
- * @param {string} name the name of the new output format
- * @param {function()} fn function(context, runner) that generates the output
- */
-angular.scenario.output = angular.scenario.output || function(name, fn) {
-  angular.scenario.output[name] = fn;
-};
-
-/**
- * Defines a new DSL statement. If your factory function returns a Future
- * it's returned, otherwise the result is assumed to be a map of functions
- * for chaining. Chained functions are subject to the same rules.
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * ### Flickering when using ngHide to toggle between elements
  *
- * Note: All functions on the chain are bound to the chain scope so values
- *   set on "this" in your statement function are available in the chained
- *   functions.
+ * When using {@link ngShow} and / or {@link ngHide} to toggle between elements, it can
+ * happen that both the element to show and the element to hide are visible for a very short time.
  *
- * @param {string} name The name of the statement
- * @param {function()} fn Factory function(), return a function for
- *  the statement.
+ * This usually happens when the {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} is included, but no actual animations
+ * are defined for {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}. Internet Explorer is affected more often than
+ * other browsers.
+ *
+ * There are several way to mitigate this problem:
+ *
+ * - {@link guide/animations#how-to-selectively-enable-disable-and-skip-animations Disable animations on the affected elements}.
+ * - Use {@link ngIf} or {@link ngSwitch} instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Use the special CSS selector `ng-hide.ng-hide-animate` to set `{display: none}` or similar on the affected elements.
+ * - Use `ng-class="{'ng-hide': expression}` instead of instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Define an animation on the affected elements.
  */
-angular.scenario.dsl = angular.scenario.dsl || function(name, fn) {
-  angular.scenario.dsl[name] = function() {
-    /* jshint -W040 *//* The dsl binds `this` for us when calling chained functions */
-    function executeStatement(statement, args) {
-      var result = statement.apply(this, args);
-      if (angular.isFunction(result) || result instanceof angular.scenario.Future) {
-        return result;
-      }
-      var self = this;
-      var chain = angular.extend({}, result);
-      angular.forEach(chain, function(value, name) {
-        if (angular.isFunction(value)) {
-          chain[name] = function() {
-            return executeStatement.call(self, value, arguments);
-          };
-        } else {
-          chain[name] = value;
-        }
+var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value) {
+        // The comment inside of the ngShowDirective explains why we add and
+        // remove a temporary class for the show/hide animation
+        $animate[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element,NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
       });
-      return chain;
     }
-    var statement = fn.apply(this, arguments);
-    return function() {
-      return executeStatement.call(this, statement, arguments);
-    };
   };
-};
+}];
+
 
 /**
- * Defines a new matcher for use with the expects() statement. The value
- * this.actual (like in Jasmine) is available in your matcher to compare
- * against. Your function should return a boolean. The future is automatically
- * created for you.
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngStyle
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `style`
+ * attribute, when using the `ngStyle` directive on the same element.
+ * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngStyle
+ *
+ * {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
+ * object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
+ * keys.
+ *
+ * Since some CSS style names are not valid keys for an object, they must be quoted.
+ * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
  *
- * @param {string} name The name of the matcher
- * @param {function()} fn The matching function(expected).
+ * @example
+   <example name="ng-style">
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
+        <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
+        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
+        <br/>
+        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
+        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       span {
+         color: black;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));
+
+       it('should check ng-style', function() {
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(0, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(0, 0, 0\)/);
+         element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(255, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(255, 0, 0\)/);
+         element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(0, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(0, 0, 0\)/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
  */
-angular.scenario.matcher = angular.scenario.matcher || function(name, fn) {
-  angular.scenario.matcher[name] = function(expected) {
-    var description = this.future.name +
-                      (this.inverse ? ' not ' : ' ') + name +
-                      ' ' + angular.toJson(expected);
-    var self = this;
-    this.addFuture('expect ' + description,
-      function(done) {
-        var error;
-        self.actual = self.future.value;
-        if ((self.inverse && fn.call(self, expected)) ||
-            (!self.inverse && !fn.call(self, expected))) {
-          error = 'expected ' + description +
-            ' but was ' + angular.toJson(self.actual);
-        }
-        done(error);
-    });
-  };
-};
+var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
+  scope.$watchCollection(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
+    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
+      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, ''); });
+    }
+    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
+  });
+});
 
 /**
- * Initialize the scenario runner and run !
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSwitch
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
+ * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
+ * as specified in the template.
+ *
+ * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
+ * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply chooses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
+ * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
+ * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
+ * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
+ * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
+ * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
+ * attribute is displayed.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
+ * as literal string values to match against.
+ * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
+ * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
+ * </div>
+
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
+ * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container |
+ * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM |
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1200
+ * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <code>ng-switch-when</code>.
+ * On child elements add:
+ *
+ * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
+ *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
+ *   elements will be displayed. It is possible to associate multiple values to
+ *   the same `ngSwitchWhen` by defining the optional attribute
+ *   `ngSwitchWhenSeparator`. The separator will be used to split the value of
+ *   the `ngSwitchWhen` attribute into multiple tokens, and the element will show
+ *   if any of the `ngSwitch` evaluates to any of these tokens.
+ * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
+ *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
+ *   case match.
  *
- * Access global window and document object
- * Access $runner through closure
  *
- * @param {Object=} config Config options
+ * @example
+  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-switch">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
+        </select>
+        <code>selection={{selection}}</code>
+        <hr/>
+        <div class="animate-switch-container"
+          ng-switch on="selection">
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings|options" ng-switch-when-separator="|">Settings Div</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('switchExample', ['ngAnimate'])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'options', 'other'];
+          $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-switch-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var switchElem = element(by.css('[ng-switch]'));
+      var select = element(by.model('selection'));
+
+      it('should start in settings', function() {
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should change to home', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
+      });
+      it('should change to settings via "options"', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should select default', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(3).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
  */
-angular.scenario.setUpAndRun = function(config) {
-  var href = window.location.href;
-  var body = _jQuery(window.document.body);
-  var output = [];
-  var objModel = new angular.scenario.ObjectModel($runner);
-
-  if (config && config.scenario_output) {
-    output = config.scenario_output.split(',');
-  }
+var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
+  return {
+    require: 'ngSwitch',
+
+    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+    controller: ['$scope', function NgSwitchController() {
+     this.cases = {};
+    }],
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
+      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
+          selectedTranscludes = [],
+          selectedElements = [],
+          previousLeaveAnimations = [],
+          selectedScopes = [];
+
+      var spliceFactory = function(array, index) {
+          return function(response) {
+            if (response !== false) array.splice(index, 1);
+          };
+      };
+
+      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
+        var i, ii;
+
+        // Start with the last, in case the array is modified during the loop
+        while (previousLeaveAnimations.length) {
+          $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimations.pop());
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          var selected = getBlockNodes(selectedElements[i].clone);
+          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
+          var runner = previousLeaveAnimations[i] = $animate.leave(selected);
+          runner.done(spliceFactory(previousLeaveAnimations, i));
+        }
+
+        selectedElements.length = 0;
+        selectedScopes.length = 0;
+
+        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
+          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
+            selectedTransclude.transclude(function(caseElement, selectedScope) {
+              selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
+              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;
+              caseElement[caseElement.length++] = $compile.$$createComment('end ngSwitchWhen');
+              var block = { clone: caseElement };
 
-  angular.forEach(angular.scenario.output, function(fn, name) {
-    if (!output.length || output.indexOf(name) != -1) {
-      var context = body.append('<div></div>').find('div:last');
-      context.attr('id', name);
-      fn.call({}, context, $runner, objModel);
+              selectedElements.push(block);
+              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
+            });
+          });
+        }
+      });
     }
-  });
-
-  if (!/^http/.test(href) && !/^https/.test(href)) {
-    body.append('<p id="system-error"></p>');
-    body.find('#system-error').text(
-      'Scenario runner must be run using http or https. The protocol ' +
-      href.split(':')[0] + ':// is not supported.'
-    );
-    return;
-  }
+  };
+}];
 
-  var appFrame = body.append('<div id="application"></div>').find('#application');
-  var application = new angular.scenario.Application(appFrame);
+var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
 
-  $runner.on('RunnerEnd', function() {
-    appFrame.css('display', 'none');
-    appFrame.find('iframe').attr('src', 'about:blank');
-  });
+    var cases = attrs.ngSwitchWhen.split(attrs.ngSwitchWhenSeparator).sort().filter(
+      // Filter duplicate cases
+      function(element, index, array) { return array[index - 1] !== element; }
+    );
 
-  $runner.on('RunnerError', function(error) {
-    if (window.console) {
-      console.log(formatException(error));
-    } else {
-      // Do something for IE
-      alert(error);
-    }
-  });
+    forEach(cases, function(whenCase) {
+      ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase] = (ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase] || []);
+      ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+    });
+  }
+});
 
-  $runner.run(application);
-};
+var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
+    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+   }
+});
 
 /**
- * Iterates through list with iterator function that must call the
- * continueFunction to continue iterating.
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngTransclude
+ * @restrict EAC
  *
- * @param {Array} list list to iterate over
- * @param {function()} iterator Callback function(value, continueFunction)
- * @param {function()} done Callback function(error, result) called when
- *   iteration finishes or an error occurs.
- */
-function asyncForEach(list, iterator, done) {
-  var i = 0;
-  function loop(error, index) {
-    if (index && index > i) {
-      i = index;
-    }
-    if (error || i >= list.length) {
-      done(error);
-    } else {
-      try {
-        iterator(list[i++], loop);
-      } catch (e) {
-        done(e);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  loop();
-}
-
-/**
- * Formats an exception into a string with the stack trace, but limits
- * to a specific line length.
+ * @description
+ * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
  *
- * @param {Object} error The exception to format, can be anything throwable
- * @param {Number=} [maxStackLines=5] max lines of the stack trace to include
- *  default is 5.
- */
-function formatException(error, maxStackLines) {
-  maxStackLines = maxStackLines || 5;
-  var message = error.toString();
-  if (error.stack) {
-    var stack = error.stack.split('\n');
-    if (stack[0].indexOf(message) === -1) {
-      maxStackLines++;
-      stack.unshift(error.message);
-    }
-    message = stack.slice(0, maxStackLines).join('\n');
-  }
-  return message;
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns a function that gets the file name and line number from a
- * location in the stack if available based on the call site.
+ * You can specify that you want to insert a named transclusion slot, instead of the default slot, by providing the slot name
+ * as the value of the `ng-transclude` or `ng-transclude-slot` attribute.
  *
- * Note: this returns another function because accessing .stack is very
- * expensive in Chrome.
+ * If the transcluded content is not empty (i.e. contains one or more DOM nodes, including whitespace text nodes), any existing
+ * content of this element will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
+ * If the transcluded content is empty (or only whitespace), the existing content is left intact. This lets you provide fallback
+ * content in the case that no transcluded content is provided.
  *
- * @param {Number} offset Number of stack lines to skip
- */
-function callerFile(offset) {
-  var error = new Error();
-
-  return function() {
-    var line = (error.stack || '').split('\n')[offset];
-
-    // Clean up the stack trace line
-    if (line) {
-      if (line.indexOf('@') !== -1) {
-        // Firefox
-        line = line.substring(line.indexOf('@') + 1);
-      } else {
-        // Chrome
-        line = line.substring(line.indexOf('(') + 1).replace(')', '');
-      }
-    }
-
-    return line || '';
-  };
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Don't use the jQuery trigger method since it works incorrectly.
+ * @element ANY
  *
- * jQuery notifies listeners and then changes the state of a checkbox and
- * does not create a real browser event. A real click changes the state of
- * the checkbox and then notifies listeners.
+ * @param {string} ngTransclude|ngTranscludeSlot the name of the slot to insert at this point. If this is not provided, is empty
+ *                                               or its value is the same as the name of the attribute then the default slot is used.
  *
- * To work around this we instead use our own handler that fires a real event.
- */
-(function(fn) {
-  // We need a handle to the original trigger function for input tests.
-  var parentTrigger = fn._originalTrigger = fn.trigger;
-  fn.trigger = function(type) {
-    if (/(click|change|keydown|blur|input|mousedown|mouseup)/.test(type)) {
-      var processDefaults = [];
-      this.each(function(index, node) {
-        processDefaults.push(browserTrigger(node, type));
-      });
-
-      // this is not compatible with jQuery - we return an array of returned values,
-      // so that scenario runner know whether JS code has preventDefault() of the event or not...
-      return processDefaults;
-    }
-    return parentTrigger.apply(this, arguments);
-  };
-})(_jQuery.fn);
-
-/**
- * Finds all bindings with the substring match of name and returns an
- * array of their values.
+ * @example
+ * ### Basic transclusion
+ * This example demonstrates basic transclusion of content into a component directive.
+ * <example name="simpleTranscludeExample" module="transcludeExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('transcludeExample', [])
+ *        .directive('pane', function(){
+ *           return {
+ *             restrict: 'E',
+ *             transclude: true,
+ *             scope: { title:'@' },
+ *             template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
+ *                         '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
+ *                         '<ng-transclude></ng-transclude>' +
+ *                       '</div>'
+ *           };
+ *       })
+ *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *         $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
+ *         $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
+ *       }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
+ *       <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
+ *       <pane title="{{title}}"><span>{{text}}</span></pane>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *      it('should have transcluded', function() {
+ *        var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
+ *        titleElement.clear();
+ *        titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
+ *        var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
+ *        textElement.clear();
+ *        textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
+ *        expect(element(by.binding('title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
+ *        expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
+ *      });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Transclude fallback content
+ * This example shows how to use `NgTransclude` with fallback content, that
+ * is displayed if no transcluded content is provided.
+ *
+ * <example module="transcludeFallbackContentExample" name="ng-transclude">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <script>
+ * angular.module('transcludeFallbackContentExample', [])
+ * .directive('myButton', function(){
+ *             return {
+ *               restrict: 'E',
+ *               transclude: true,
+ *               scope: true,
+ *               template: '<button style="cursor: pointer;">' +
+ *                           '<ng-transclude>' +
+ *                             '<b style="color: red;">Button1</b>' +
+ *                           '</ng-transclude>' +
+ *                         '</button>'
+ *             };
+ *         });
+ * </script>
+ * <!-- fallback button content -->
+ * <my-button id="fallback"></my-button>
+ * <!-- modified button content -->
+ * <my-button id="modified">
+ *   <i style="color: green;">Button2</i>
+ * </my-button>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ * it('should have different transclude element content', function() {
+ *          expect(element(by.id('fallback')).getText()).toBe('Button1');
+ *          expect(element(by.id('modified')).getText()).toBe('Button2');
+ *        });
+ * </file>
+ * </example>
  *
- * @param {string} bindExp The name to match
- * @return {Array.<string>} String of binding values
+ * @example
+ * ### Multi-slot transclusion
+ * This example demonstrates using multi-slot transclusion in a component directive.
+ * <example name="multiSlotTranscludeExample" module="multiSlotTranscludeExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <style>
+ *      .title, .footer {
+ *        background-color: gray
+ *      }
+ *    </style>
+ *    <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *      <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
+ *      <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
+ *      <pane>
+ *        <pane-title><a ng-href="{{link}}">{{title}}</a></pane-title>
+ *        <pane-body><p>{{text}}</p></pane-body>
+ *      </pane>
+ *    </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *    angular.module('multiSlotTranscludeExample', [])
+ *     .directive('pane', function() {
+ *        return {
+ *          restrict: 'E',
+ *          transclude: {
+ *            'title': '?paneTitle',
+ *            'body': 'paneBody',
+ *            'footer': '?paneFooter'
+ *          },
+ *          template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
+ *                      '<div class="title" ng-transclude="title">Fallback Title</div>' +
+ *                      '<div ng-transclude="body"></div>' +
+ *                      '<div class="footer" ng-transclude="footer">Fallback Footer</div>' +
+ *                    '</div>'
+ *        };
+ *    })
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
+ *      $scope.link = 'https://google.com';
+ *      $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
+ *    }]);
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *      it('should have transcluded the title and the body', function() {
+ *        var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
+ *        titleElement.clear();
+ *        titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
+ *        var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
+ *        textElement.clear();
+ *        textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
+ *        expect(element(by.css('.title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
+ *        expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
+ *        expect(element(by.css('.footer')).getText()).toEqual('Fallback Footer');
+ *      });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
  */
-_jQuery.fn.bindings = function(windowJquery, bindExp) {
-  var result = [], match,
-      bindSelector = '.ng-binding:visible';
-  if (angular.isString(bindExp)) {
-    bindExp = bindExp.replace(/\s/g, '');
-    match = function(actualExp) {
-      if (actualExp) {
-        actualExp = actualExp.replace(/\s/g, '');
-        if (actualExp == bindExp) return true;
-        if (actualExp.indexOf(bindExp) === 0) {
-          return actualExp.charAt(bindExp.length) == '|';
-        }
-      }
-    };
-  } else if (bindExp) {
-    match = function(actualExp) {
-      return actualExp && bindExp.exec(actualExp);
-    };
-  } else {
-    match = function(actualExp) {
-      return !!actualExp;
-    };
-  }
-  var selection = this.find(bindSelector);
-  if (this.is(bindSelector)) {
-    selection = selection.add(this);
-  }
-
-  function push(value) {
-    if (angular.isUndefined(value)) {
-      value = '';
-    } else if (typeof value !== 'string') {
-      value = angular.toJson(value);
-    }
-    result.push('' + value);
-  }
+var ngTranscludeMinErr = minErr('ngTransclude');
+var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EAC',
+    compile: function ngTranscludeCompile(tElement) {
 
-  selection.each(function() {
-    var element = windowJquery(this),
-        bindings;
-    if (bindings = element.data('$binding')) {
-      for (var expressions = [], binding, j=0, jj=bindings.length; j < jj; j++) {
-        binding = bindings[j];
+      // Remove and cache any original content to act as a fallback
+      var fallbackLinkFn = $compile(tElement.contents());
+      tElement.empty();
 
-        if (binding.expressions) {
-          expressions = binding.expressions;
-        } else {
-          expressions = [binding];
-        }
-        for (var scope, expression, i = 0, ii = expressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          expression = expressions[i];
-          if (match(expression)) {
-            scope = scope || element.scope();
-            push(scope.$eval(expression));
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  });
-  return result;
-};
+      return function ngTranscludePostLink($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
 
-(function() {
-  /**
-   * Triggers a browser event. Attempts to choose the right event if one is
-   * not specified.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} element Either a wrapped jQuery/jqLite node or a DOMElement
-   * @param {string} eventType Optional event type
-   * @param {Object=} eventData An optional object which contains additional event data (such as x,y
-   * coordinates, keys, etc...) that are passed into the event when triggered
-   */
-  window.browserTrigger = function browserTrigger(element, eventType, eventData) {
-    if (element && !element.nodeName) element = element[0];
-    if (!element) return;
-
-    eventData = eventData || {};
-    var relatedTarget = eventData.relatedTarget || element;
-    var keys = eventData.keys;
-    var x = eventData.x;
-    var y = eventData.y;
-
-    var inputType = (element.type) ? element.type.toLowerCase() : null,
-        nodeName = element.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-    if (!eventType) {
-      eventType = {
-        'text':            'change',
-        'textarea':        'change',
-        'hidden':          'change',
-        'password':        'change',
-        'button':          'click',
-        'submit':          'click',
-        'reset':           'click',
-        'image':           'click',
-        'checkbox':        'click',
-        'radio':           'click',
-        'select-one':      'change',
-        'select-multiple': 'change',
-        '_default_':       'click'
-      }[inputType || '_default_'];
-    }
-
-    if (nodeName === 'option') {
-      element.parentNode.value = element.value;
-      element = element.parentNode;
-      eventType = 'change';
-    }
-
-    keys = keys || [];
-    function pressed(key) {
-      return keys.indexOf(key) !== -1;
-    }
-
-    var evnt;
-    if (/transitionend/.test(eventType)) {
-      if (window.WebKitTransitionEvent) {
-        evnt = new WebKitTransitionEvent(eventType, eventData);
-        evnt.initEvent(eventType, false, true);
-      } else {
-        try {
-          evnt = new TransitionEvent(eventType, eventData);
-        }
-        catch (e) {
-          evnt = window.document.createEvent('TransitionEvent');
-          evnt.initTransitionEvent(eventType, null, null, null, eventData.elapsedTime || 0);
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (/animationend/.test(eventType)) {
-      if (window.WebKitAnimationEvent) {
-        evnt = new WebKitAnimationEvent(eventType, eventData);
-        evnt.initEvent(eventType, false, true);
-      } else {
-        try {
-          evnt = new AnimationEvent(eventType, eventData);
-        }
-        catch (e) {
-          evnt = window.document.createEvent('AnimationEvent');
-          evnt.initAnimationEvent(eventType, null, null, null, eventData.elapsedTime || 0);
+        if (!$transclude) {
+          throw ngTranscludeMinErr('orphan',
+          'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
+          'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
+          'Element: {0}',
+          startingTag($element));
         }
-      }
-    } else if (/touch/.test(eventType) && supportsTouchEvents()) {
-      evnt = createTouchEvent(element, eventType, x, y);
-    } else if (/key/.test(eventType)) {
-      evnt = window.document.createEvent('Events');
-      evnt.initEvent(eventType, eventData.bubbles, eventData.cancelable);
-      evnt.view = window;
-      evnt.ctrlKey = pressed('ctrl');
-      evnt.altKey = pressed('alt');
-      evnt.shiftKey = pressed('shift');
-      evnt.metaKey = pressed('meta');
-      evnt.keyCode = eventData.keyCode;
-      evnt.charCode = eventData.charCode;
-      evnt.which = eventData.which;
-    } else {
-      evnt = window.document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
-      x = x || 0;
-      y = y || 0;
-      evnt.initMouseEvent(eventType, true, true, window, 0, x, y, x, y, pressed('ctrl'),
-          pressed('alt'), pressed('shift'), pressed('meta'), 0, relatedTarget);
-    }
-
-    /* we're unable to change the timeStamp value directly so this
-     * is only here to allow for testing where the timeStamp value is
-     * read */
-    evnt.$manualTimeStamp = eventData.timeStamp;
-
-    if (!evnt) return;
-
-    var originalPreventDefault = evnt.preventDefault,
-        appWindow = element.ownerDocument.defaultView,
-        fakeProcessDefault = true,
-        finalProcessDefault,
-        angular = appWindow.angular || {};
-
-    // igor: temporary fix for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=684208
-    angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = false;
-    evnt.preventDefault = function() {
-      fakeProcessDefault = false;
-      return originalPreventDefault.apply(evnt, arguments);
-    };
 
-    if (!eventData.bubbles || supportsEventBubblingInDetachedTree() || isAttachedToDocument(element)) {
-      element.dispatchEvent(evnt);
-    } else {
-      triggerForPath(element, evnt);
-    }
 
-    finalProcessDefault = !(angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] || !fakeProcessDefault);
-
-    delete angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'];
+        // If the attribute is of the form: `ng-transclude="ng-transclude"` then treat it like the default
+        if ($attrs.ngTransclude === $attrs.$attr.ngTransclude) {
+          $attrs.ngTransclude = '';
+        }
+        var slotName = $attrs.ngTransclude || $attrs.ngTranscludeSlot;
 
-    return finalProcessDefault;
-  };
+        // If the slot is required and no transclusion content is provided then this call will throw an error
+        $transclude(ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn, null, slotName);
 
-  function supportsTouchEvents() {
-    if ('_cached' in supportsTouchEvents) {
-      return supportsTouchEvents._cached;
-    }
-    if (!window.document.createTouch || !window.document.createTouchList) {
-      supportsTouchEvents._cached = false;
-      return false;
-    }
-    try {
-      window.document.createEvent('TouchEvent');
-    } catch (e) {
-      supportsTouchEvents._cached = false;
-      return false;
-    }
-    supportsTouchEvents._cached = true;
-    return true;
-  }
+        // If the slot is optional and no transclusion content is provided then use the fallback content
+        if (slotName && !$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)) {
+          useFallbackContent();
+        }
 
-  function createTouchEvent(element, eventType, x, y) {
-    var evnt = new window.Event(eventType);
-    x = x || 0;
-    y = y || 0;
+        function ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn(clone, transcludedScope) {
+          if (clone.length && notWhitespace(clone)) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          } else {
+            useFallbackContent();
+            // There is nothing linked against the transcluded scope since no content was available,
+            // so it should be safe to clean up the generated scope.
+            transcludedScope.$destroy();
+          }
+        }
 
-    var touch = window.document.createTouch(window, element, Date.now(), x, y, x, y);
-    var touches = window.document.createTouchList(touch);
+        function useFallbackContent() {
+          // Since this is the fallback content rather than the transcluded content,
+          // we link against the scope of this directive rather than the transcluded scope
+          fallbackLinkFn($scope, function(clone) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          });
+        }
 
-    evnt.touches = touches;
+        function notWhitespace(nodes) {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            var node = nodes[i];
+            if (node.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_TEXT || node.nodeValue.trim()) {
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
 
-    return evnt;
-  }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name script
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Load the content of a `<script>` element into {@link ng.$templateCache `$templateCache`}, so that the
+ * template can be used by {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ngInclude`},
+ * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`}, or {@link guide/directive directives}. The type of the
+ * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
+ * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
+ * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example  name="script-tag">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
+        Content of the template.
+      </script>
 
-  function supportsEventBubblingInDetachedTree() {
-    if ('_cached' in supportsEventBubblingInDetachedTree) {
-      return supportsEventBubblingInDetachedTree._cached;
-    }
-    supportsEventBubblingInDetachedTree._cached = false;
-    var doc = window.document;
-    if (doc) {
-      var parent = doc.createElement('div'),
-          child = parent.cloneNode();
-      parent.appendChild(child);
-      parent.addEventListener('e', function() {
-        supportsEventBubblingInDetachedTree._cached = true;
+      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
+      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
+        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
+        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
       });
-      var evnt = window.document.createEvent('Events');
-      evnt.initEvent('e', true, true);
-      child.dispatchEvent(evnt);
-    }
-    return supportsEventBubblingInDetachedTree._cached;
-  }
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    terminal: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (attr.type === 'text/ng-template') {
+        var templateUrl = attr.id,
+            text = element[0].text;
 
-  function triggerForPath(element, evnt) {
-    var stop = false;
+        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
 
-    var _stopPropagation = evnt.stopPropagation;
-    evnt.stopPropagation = function() {
-      stop = true;
-      _stopPropagation.apply(evnt, arguments);
-    };
-    patchEventTargetForBubbling(evnt, element);
-    do {
-      element.dispatchEvent(evnt);
-    } while (!stop && (element = element.parentNode));
-  }
+/* exported selectDirective, optionDirective */
 
-  function patchEventTargetForBubbling(event, target) {
-    event._target = target;
-    Object.defineProperty(event, "target", {get: function() { return this._target;}});
-  }
+var noopNgModelController = { $setViewValue: noop, $render: noop };
 
-  function isAttachedToDocument(element) {
-    while (element = element.parentNode) {
-        if (element === window) {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-}());
+function setOptionSelectedStatus(optionEl, value) {
+  optionEl.prop('selected', value);
+  /**
+   * When unselecting an option, setting the property to null / false should be enough
+   * However, screenreaders might react to the selected attribute instead, see
+   * https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14419
+   * Note: "selected" is a boolean attr and will be removed when the "value" arg in attr() is false
+   * or null
+   */
+  optionEl.attr('selected', value);
+}
 
 /**
- * Represents the application currently being tested and abstracts usage
- * of iframes or separate windows.
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name  select.SelectController
  *
- * @param {Object} context jQuery wrapper around HTML context.
- */
-angular.scenario.Application = function(context) {
-  this.context = context;
-  context.append(
-    '<h2>Current URL: <a href="about:blank">None</a></h2>' +
-    '<div id="test-frames"></div>'
-  );
-};
-
-/**
- * Gets the jQuery collection of frames. Don't use this directly because
- * frames may go stale.
+ * @description
+ * The controller for the {@link ng.select select} directive. The controller exposes
+ * a few utility methods that can be used to augment the behavior of a regular or an
+ * {@link ng.ngOptions ngOptions} select element.
  *
- * @private
- * @return {Object} jQuery collection
- */
-angular.scenario.Application.prototype.getFrame_ = function() {
-  return this.context.find('#test-frames iframe:last');
-};
-
-/**
- * Gets the window of the test runner frame. Always favor executeAction()
- * instead of this method since it prevents you from getting a stale window.
+ * @example
+ * ### Set a custom error when the unknown option is selected
  *
- * @private
- * @return {Object} the window of the frame
- */
-angular.scenario.Application.prototype.getWindow_ = function() {
-  var contentWindow = this.getFrame_().prop('contentWindow');
-  if (!contentWindow) {
-    throw 'Frame window is not accessible.';
-  }
-  return contentWindow;
-};
-
-/**
- * Changes the location of the frame.
+ * This example sets a custom error "unknownValue" on the ngModelController
+ * when the select element's unknown option is selected, i.e. when the model is set to a value
+ * that is not matched by any option.
  *
- * @param {string} url The URL. If it begins with a # then only the
- *   hash of the page is changed.
- * @param {function()} loadFn function($window, $document) Called when frame loads.
- * @param {function()} errorFn function(error) Called if any error when loading.
- */
-angular.scenario.Application.prototype.navigateTo = function(url, loadFn, errorFn) {
-  var self = this;
-  var frame = self.getFrame_();
-  //TODO(esprehn): Refactor to use rethrow()
-  errorFn = errorFn || function(e) { throw e; };
-  if (url === 'about:blank') {
-    errorFn('Sandbox Error: Navigating to about:blank is not allowed.');
-  } else if (url.charAt(0) === '#') {
-    url = frame.attr('src').split('#')[0] + url;
-    frame.attr('src', url);
-    self.executeAction(loadFn);
-  } else {
-    frame.remove();
-    self.context.find('#test-frames').append('<iframe>');
-    frame = self.getFrame_();
-
-    frame.on('load', function() {
-      frame.off();
-      try {
-        var $window = self.getWindow_();
+ * <example name="select-unknown-value-error" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="testSelect"> Single select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="testSelect" ng-model="selected" unknown-value-error>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <span class="error" ng-if="myForm.testSelect.$error.unknownValue">
+ *       Error: The current model doesn't match any option</span><br>
+ *
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.selected = null;
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.selected = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }])
+ *   .directive('unknownValueError', function() {
+ *     return {
+ *       require: ['ngModel', 'select'],
+ *       link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+ *         var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+ *         var selectCtrl = ctrls[1];
+ *
+ *         ngModelCtrl.$validators.unknownValue = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *           if (selectCtrl.$isUnknownOptionSelected()) {
+ *             return false;
+ *           }
+ *
+ *           return true;
+ *         };
+ *       }
+ *
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Set the "required" error when the unknown option is selected.
+ *
+ * By default, the "required" error on the ngModelController is only set on a required select
+ * when the empty option is selected. This example adds a custom directive that also sets the
+ * error when the unknown option is selected.
+ *
+ * <example name="select-unknown-value-required" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="testSelect"> Select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="testSelect" ng-model="selected" required unknown-value-required>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <span class="error" ng-if="myForm.testSelect.$error.required">Error: Please select a value</span><br>
+ *
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.selected = null;
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.selected = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }])
+ *   .directive('unknownValueRequired', function() {
+ *     return {
+ *       priority: 1, // This directive must run after the required directive has added its validator
+ *       require: ['ngModel', 'select'],
+ *       link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+ *         var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+ *         var selectCtrl = ctrls[1];
+ *
+ *         var originalRequiredValidator = ngModelCtrl.$validators.required;
+ *
+ *         ngModelCtrl.$validators.required = function() {
+ *           if (attrs.required && selectCtrl.$isUnknownOptionSelected()) {
+ *             return false;
+ *           }
+ *
+ *           return originalRequiredValidator.apply(this, arguments);
+ *         };
+ *       }
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *  it('should show the error message when the unknown option is selected', function() {
 
-        if (!$window.angular) {
-          self.executeAction(loadFn);
-          return;
-        }
+      var error = element(by.className('error'));
 
-        if (!$window.angular.resumeBootstrap) {
-          $window.angular.resumeDeferredBootstrap = resumeDeferredBootstrap;
-        } else {
-          resumeDeferredBootstrap();
-        }
+      expect(error.getText()).toBe('Error: Please select a value');
 
-      } catch (e) {
-        errorFn(e);
-      }
+      element(by.cssContainingText('option', 'Option 1')).click();
 
-      function resumeDeferredBootstrap() {
-        // Disable animations
-        var $injector = $window.angular.resumeBootstrap([['$provide', function($provide) {
-          return ['$animate', function($animate) {
-            $animate.enabled(false);
-          }];
-        }]]);
-        self.rootElement = $injector.get('$rootElement')[0];
-        self.executeAction(loadFn);
-      }
-    }).attr('src', url);
+      expect(error.isPresent()).toBe(false);
 
-    // for IE compatibility set the name *after* setting the frame url
-    frame[0].contentWindow.name = "NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!";
-  }
-  self.context.find('> h2 a').attr('href', url).text(url);
-};
+      element(by.tagName('button')).click();
 
-/**
- * Executes a function in the context of the tested application. Will wait
- * for all pending angular xhr requests before executing.
+      expect(error.getText()).toBe('Error: Please select a value');
+    });
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
  *
- * @param {function()} action The callback to execute. function($window, $document)
- *  $document is a jQuery wrapped document.
  */
-angular.scenario.Application.prototype.executeAction = function(action) {
-  var self = this;
-  var $window = this.getWindow_();
-  if (!$window.document) {
-    throw 'Sandbox Error: Application document not accessible.';
-  }
-  if (!$window.angular) {
-    return action.call(this, $window, _jQuery($window.document));
-  }
+var SelectController =
+        ['$element', '$scope', /** @this */ function($element, $scope) {
 
-  if (!!this.rootElement) {
-    executeWithElement(this.rootElement);
-  } else {
-    angularInit($window.document, angular.bind(this, executeWithElement));
-  }
+  var self = this,
+      optionsMap = new NgMap();
 
-  function executeWithElement(element) {
-    var $injector = $window.angular.element(element).injector();
-    var $element = _jQuery(element);
+  self.selectValueMap = {}; // Keys are the hashed values, values the original values
 
-    $element.injector = function() {
-      return $injector;
-    };
+  // If the ngModel doesn't get provided then provide a dummy noop version to prevent errors
+  self.ngModelCtrl = noopNgModelController;
+  self.multiple = false;
 
-    $injector.invoke(function($browser) {
-      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(function() {
-        action.call(self, $window, $element);
-      });
-    });
-  }
-};
+  // The "unknown" option is one that is prepended to the list if the viewValue
+  // does not match any of the options. When it is rendered the value of the unknown
+  // option is '? XXX ?' where XXX is the hashKey of the value that is not known.
+  //
+  // Support: IE 9 only
+  // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+  self.unknownOption = jqLite(window.document.createElement('option'));
 
-/**
- * The representation of define blocks. Don't used directly, instead use
- * define() in your tests.
- *
- * @param {string} descName Name of the block
- * @param {Object} parent describe or undefined if the root.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe = function(descName, parent) {
-  this.only = parent && parent.only;
-  this.beforeEachFns = [];
-  this.afterEachFns = [];
-  this.its = [];
-  this.children = [];
-  this.name = descName;
-  this.parent = parent;
-  this.id = angular.scenario.Describe.id++;
+  // The empty option is an option with the value '' that the application developer can
+  // provide inside the select. It is always selectable and indicates that a "null" selection has
+  // been made by the user.
+  // If the select has an empty option, and the model of the select is set to "undefined" or "null",
+  // the empty option is selected.
+  // If the model is set to a different unmatched value, the unknown option is rendered and
+  // selected, i.e both are present, because a "null" selection and an unknown value are different.
+  self.hasEmptyOption = false;
+  self.emptyOption = undefined;
 
-  /**
-   * Calls all before functions.
-   */
-  var beforeEachFns = this.beforeEachFns;
-  this.setupBefore = function() {
-    if (parent) parent.setupBefore.call(this);
-    angular.forEach(beforeEachFns, function(fn) { fn.call(this); }, this);
+  self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
+    var unknownVal = self.generateUnknownOptionValue(val);
+    self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+    $element.prepend(self.unknownOption);
+    setOptionSelectedStatus(self.unknownOption, true);
+    $element.val(unknownVal);
   };
 
-  /**
-   * Calls all after functions.
-   */
-  var afterEachFns = this.afterEachFns;
-  this.setupAfter  = function() {
-    angular.forEach(afterEachFns, function(fn) { fn.call(this); }, this);
-    if (parent) parent.setupAfter.call(this);
+  self.updateUnknownOption = function(val) {
+    var unknownVal = self.generateUnknownOptionValue(val);
+    self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+    setOptionSelectedStatus(self.unknownOption, true);
+    $element.val(unknownVal);
   };
-};
 
-// Shared Unique ID generator for every describe block
-angular.scenario.Describe.id = 0;
+  self.generateUnknownOptionValue = function(val) {
+    return '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
+  };
 
-// Shared Unique ID generator for every it (spec)
-angular.scenario.Describe.specId = 0;
+  self.removeUnknownOption = function() {
+    if (self.unknownOption.parent()) self.unknownOption.remove();
+  };
 
-/**
- * Defines a block to execute before each it or nested describe.
- *
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.beforeEach = function(body) {
-  this.beforeEachFns.push(body);
-};
+  self.selectEmptyOption = function() {
+    if (self.emptyOption) {
+      $element.val('');
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(self.emptyOption, true);
+    }
+  };
 
-/**
- * Defines a block to execute after each it or nested describe.
- *
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.afterEach = function(body) {
-  this.afterEachFns.push(body);
-};
+  self.unselectEmptyOption = function() {
+    if (self.hasEmptyOption) {
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(self.emptyOption, false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
+    self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
+  });
 
-/**
- * Creates a new describe block that's a child of this one.
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the block. Appended to the parent block's name.
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.describe = function(name, body) {
-  var child = new angular.scenario.Describe(name, this);
-  this.children.push(child);
-  body.call(child);
-};
+  // Read the value of the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
+  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
+  self.readValue = function readSingleValue() {
+    var val = $element.val();
+    // ngValue added option values are stored in the selectValueMap, normal interpolations are not
+    var realVal = val in self.selectValueMap ? self.selectValueMap[val] : val;
 
-/**
- * Same as describe() but makes ddescribe blocks the only to run.
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the test.
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.ddescribe = function(name, body) {
-  var child = new angular.scenario.Describe(name, this);
-  child.only = true;
-  this.children.push(child);
-  body.call(child);
-};
+    if (self.hasOption(realVal)) {
+      return realVal;
+    }
 
-/**
- * Use to disable a describe block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.xdescribe = angular.noop;
+    return null;
+  };
 
-/**
- * Defines a test.
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the test.
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.it = function(name, body) {
-  this.its.push({
-    id: angular.scenario.Describe.specId++,
-    definition: this,
-    only: this.only,
-    name: name,
-    before: this.setupBefore,
-    body: body,
-    after: this.setupAfter
-  });
-};
 
-/**
- * Same as it() but makes iit tests the only test to run.
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the test.
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.iit = function(name, body) {
-  this.it.apply(this, arguments);
-  this.its[this.its.length - 1].only = true;
-};
+  // Write the value to the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
+  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
+  self.writeValue = function writeSingleValue(value) {
+    // Make sure to remove the selected attribute from the previously selected option
+    // Otherwise, screen readers might get confused
+    var currentlySelectedOption = $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex];
+    if (currentlySelectedOption) setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(currentlySelectedOption), false);
 
-/**
- * Use to disable a test block.
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.xit = angular.noop;
+    if (self.hasOption(value)) {
+      self.removeUnknownOption();
 
-/**
- * Gets an array of functions representing all the tests (recursively).
- * that can be executed with SpecRunner's.
- *
- * @return {Array<Object>} Array of it blocks {
- *   definition : Object // parent Describe
- *   only: boolean
- *   name: string
- *   before: Function
- *   body: Function
- *   after: Function
- *  }
- */
-angular.scenario.Describe.prototype.getSpecs = function() {
-  var specs = arguments[0] || [];
-  angular.forEach(this.children, function(child) {
-    child.getSpecs(specs);
-  });
-  angular.forEach(this.its, function(it) {
-    specs.push(it);
-  });
-  var only = [];
-  angular.forEach(specs, function(it) {
-    if (it.only) {
-      only.push(it);
+      var hashedVal = hashKey(value);
+      $element.val(hashedVal in self.selectValueMap ? hashedVal : value);
+
+      // Set selected attribute and property on selected option for screen readers
+      var selectedOption = $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex];
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(selectedOption), true);
+    } else {
+      self.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption(value);
     }
-  });
-  return (only.length && only) || specs;
-};
+  };
 
-/**
- * A future action in a spec.
- *
- * @param {string} name name of the future action
- * @param {function()} behavior future callback(error, result)
- * @param {function()} line Optional. function that returns the file/line number.
- */
-angular.scenario.Future = function(name, behavior, line) {
-  this.name = name;
-  this.behavior = behavior;
-  this.fulfilled = false;
-  this.value = undefined;
-  this.parser = angular.identity;
-  this.line = line || function() { return ''; };
-};
 
-/**
- * Executes the behavior of the closure.
- *
- * @param {function()} doneFn Callback function(error, result)
- */
-angular.scenario.Future.prototype.execute = function(doneFn) {
-  var self = this;
-  this.behavior(function(error, result) {
-    self.fulfilled = true;
-    if (result) {
-      try {
-        result = self.parser(result);
-      } catch (e) {
-        error = e;
+  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been added
+  self.addOption = function(value, element) {
+    // Skip comment nodes, as they only pollute the `optionsMap`
+    if (element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) return;
+
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
+    if (value === '') {
+      self.hasEmptyOption = true;
+      self.emptyOption = element;
+    }
+    var count = optionsMap.get(value) || 0;
+    optionsMap.set(value, count + 1);
+    // Only render at the end of a digest. This improves render performance when many options
+    // are added during a digest and ensures all relevant options are correctly marked as selected
+    scheduleRender();
+  };
+
+  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been removed
+  self.removeOption = function(value) {
+    var count = optionsMap.get(value);
+    if (count) {
+      if (count === 1) {
+        optionsMap.delete(value);
+        if (value === '') {
+          self.hasEmptyOption = false;
+          self.emptyOption = undefined;
+        }
+      } else {
+        optionsMap.set(value, count - 1);
       }
     }
-    self.value = error || result;
-    doneFn(error, result);
-  });
-};
+  };
 
-/**
- * Configures the future to convert its final with a function fn(value)
- *
- * @param {function()} fn function(value) that returns the parsed value
- */
-angular.scenario.Future.prototype.parsedWith = function(fn) {
-  this.parser = fn;
-  return this;
-};
+  // Check whether the select control has an option matching the given value
+  self.hasOption = function(value) {
+    return !!optionsMap.get(value);
+  };
 
-/**
- * Configures the future to parse its final value from JSON
- * into objects.
- */
-angular.scenario.Future.prototype.fromJson = function() {
-  return this.parsedWith(angular.fromJson);
-};
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$hasEmptyOption
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element currently has an empty option
+   * element, i.e. an option that signifies that the select is empty / the selection is null.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$hasEmptyOption = function() {
+    return self.hasEmptyOption;
+  };
 
-/**
- * Configures the future to convert its final value from objects
- * into JSON.
- */
-angular.scenario.Future.prototype.toJson = function() {
-  return this.parsedWith(angular.toJson);
-};
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$isUnknownOptionSelected
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element's unknown option is selected. The unknown option is added
+   * and automatically selected whenever the select model doesn't match any option.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$isUnknownOptionSelected = function() {
+    // Presence of the unknown option means it is selected
+    return $element[0].options[0] === self.unknownOption[0];
+  };
 
-/**
- * Maintains an object tree from the runner events.
- *
- * @param {Object} runner The scenario Runner instance to connect to.
- *
- * TODO(esprehn): Every output type creates one of these, but we probably
- *  want one global shared instance. Need to handle events better too
- *  so the HTML output doesn't need to do spec model.getSpec(spec.id)
- *  silliness.
- *
- * TODO(vojta) refactor on, emit methods (from all objects) - use inheritance
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel = function(runner) {
-  var self = this;
-
-  this.specMap = {};
-  this.listeners = [];
-  this.value = {
-    name: '',
-    children: {}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$isEmptyOptionSelected
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element has an empty option and this empty option is currently
+   * selected. Returns `false` if the select element has no empty option or it is not selected.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$isEmptyOptionSelected = function() {
+    return self.hasEmptyOption && $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex] === self.emptyOption[0];
   };
 
-  runner.on('SpecBegin', function(spec) {
-    var block = self.value,
-        definitions = [];
-
-    angular.forEach(self.getDefinitionPath(spec), function(def) {
-      if (!block.children[def.name]) {
-        block.children[def.name] = {
-          id: def.id,
-          name: def.name,
-          children: {},
-          specs: {}
-        };
-      }
-      block = block.children[def.name];
-      definitions.push(def.name);
+  self.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption = function(value) {
+    if (value == null && self.emptyOption) {
+      self.removeUnknownOption();
+      self.selectEmptyOption();
+    } else if (self.unknownOption.parent().length) {
+      self.updateUnknownOption(value);
+    } else {
+      self.renderUnknownOption(value);
+    }
+  };
+
+  var renderScheduled = false;
+  function scheduleRender() {
+    if (renderScheduled) return;
+    renderScheduled = true;
+    $scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+      renderScheduled = false;
+      self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
     });
+  }
 
-    var it = self.specMap[spec.id] =
-             block.specs[spec.name] =
-             new angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Spec(spec.id, spec.name, definitions);
+  var updateScheduled = false;
+  function scheduleViewValueUpdate(renderAfter) {
+    if (updateScheduled) return;
 
-    // forward the event
-    self.emit('SpecBegin', it);
-  });
+    updateScheduled = true;
 
-  runner.on('SpecError', function(spec, error) {
-    var it = self.getSpec(spec.id);
-    it.status = 'error';
-    it.error = error;
+    $scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+      if ($scope.$$destroyed) return;
 
-    // forward the event
-    self.emit('SpecError', it, error);
-  });
+      updateScheduled = false;
+      self.ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(self.readValue());
+      if (renderAfter) self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+    });
+  }
 
-  runner.on('SpecEnd', function(spec) {
-    var it = self.getSpec(spec.id);
-    complete(it);
 
-    // forward the event
-    self.emit('SpecEnd', it);
-  });
+  self.registerOption = function(optionScope, optionElement, optionAttrs, interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn) {
 
-  runner.on('StepBegin', function(spec, step) {
-    var it = self.getSpec(spec.id);
-    step = new angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Step(step.name);
-    it.steps.push(step);
+    if (optionAttrs.$attr.ngValue) {
+      // The value attribute is set by ngValue
+      var oldVal, hashedVal;
+      optionAttrs.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
 
-    // forward the event
-    self.emit('StepBegin', it, step);
-  });
+        var removal;
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
 
-  runner.on('StepEnd', function(spec) {
-    var it = self.getSpec(spec.id);
-    var step = it.getLastStep();
-    if (step.name !== step.name) {
-      throw 'Events fired in the wrong order. Step names don\'t match.';
-    }
-    complete(step);
+        if (isDefined(hashedVal)) {
+          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+          delete self.selectValueMap[hashedVal];
+          removal = true;
+        }
 
-    // forward the event
-    self.emit('StepEnd', it, step);
-  });
+        hashedVal = hashKey(newVal);
+        oldVal = newVal;
+        self.selectValueMap[hashedVal] = newVal;
+        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
+        // Set the attribute directly instead of using optionAttrs.$set - this stops the observer
+        // from firing a second time. Other $observers on value will also get the result of the
+        // ngValue expression, not the hashed value
+        optionElement.attr('value', hashedVal);
 
-  runner.on('StepFailure', function(spec, step, error) {
-    var it = self.getSpec(spec.id),
-        modelStep = it.getLastStep();
+        if (removal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
 
-    modelStep.setErrorStatus('failure', error, step.line());
-    it.setStatusFromStep(modelStep);
+      });
+    } else if (interpolateValueFn) {
+      // The value attribute is interpolated
+      optionAttrs.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
+        // This method is overwritten in ngOptions and has side-effects!
+        self.readValue();
 
-    // forward the event
-    self.emit('StepFailure', it, modelStep, error);
-  });
+        var removal;
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
 
-  runner.on('StepError', function(spec, step, error) {
-    var it = self.getSpec(spec.id),
-        modelStep = it.getLastStep();
+        if (isDefined(oldVal)) {
+          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+          removal = true;
+        }
+        oldVal = newVal;
+        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
 
-    modelStep.setErrorStatus('error', error, step.line());
-    it.setStatusFromStep(modelStep);
+        if (removal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
+      });
+    } else if (interpolateTextFn) {
+      // The text content is interpolated
+      optionScope.$watch(interpolateTextFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+        optionAttrs.$set('value', newVal);
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
+        if (oldVal !== newVal) {
+          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+        }
+        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
 
-    // forward the event
-    self.emit('StepError', it, modelStep, error);
-  });
+        if (oldVal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
+      });
+    } else {
+      // The value attribute is static
+      self.addOption(optionAttrs.value, optionElement);
+    }
 
-  runner.on('RunnerBegin', function() {
-    self.emit('RunnerBegin');
-  });
-  runner.on('RunnerEnd', function() {
-    self.emit('RunnerEnd');
-  });
 
-  function complete(item) {
-    item.endTime = Date.now();
-    item.duration = item.endTime - item.startTime;
-    item.status = item.status || 'success';
-  }
-};
+    optionAttrs.$observe('disabled', function(newVal) {
 
-/**
- * Adds a listener for an event.
- *
- * @param {string} eventName Name of the event to add a handler for
- * @param {function()} listener Function that will be called when event is fired
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.prototype.on = function(eventName, listener) {
-  eventName = eventName.toLowerCase();
-  this.listeners[eventName] = this.listeners[eventName] || [];
-  this.listeners[eventName].push(listener);
-};
+      // Since model updates will also select disabled options (like ngOptions),
+      // we only have to handle options becoming disabled, not enabled
 
-/**
- * Emits an event which notifies listeners and passes extra
- * arguments.
- *
- * @param {string} eventName Name of the event to fire.
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.prototype.emit = function(eventName) {
-  var self = this,
-      args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+      if (newVal === 'true' || newVal && optionElement.prop('selected')) {
+        if (self.multiple) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate(true);
+        } else {
+          self.ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(null);
+          self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    optionElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+      var currentValue = self.readValue();
+      var removeValue = optionAttrs.value;
 
-  eventName = eventName.toLowerCase();
+      self.removeOption(removeValue);
+      scheduleRender();
 
-  if (this.listeners[eventName]) {
-    angular.forEach(this.listeners[eventName], function(listener) {
-      listener.apply(self, args);
+      if (self.multiple && currentValue && currentValue.indexOf(removeValue) !== -1 ||
+          currentValue === removeValue
+      ) {
+        // When multiple (selected) options are destroyed at the same time, we don't want
+        // to run a model update for each of them. Instead, run a single update in the $$postDigest
+        scheduleViewValueUpdate(true);
+      }
     });
-  }
-};
+  };
+}];
 
 /**
- * Computes the path of definition describe blocks that wrap around
- * this spec.
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name select
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML `select` element with AngularJS data-binding.
+ *
+ * The `select` directive is used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`} to provide data-binding
+ * between the scope and the `<select>` control (including setting default values).
+ * It also handles dynamic `<option>` elements, which can be added using the {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat}` or
+ * {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`} directives.
+ *
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the value of the selected option will be bound
+ * to the model identified by the `ngModel` directive. With static or repeated options, this is
+ * the content of the `value` attribute or the textContent of the `<option>`, if the value attribute is missing.
+ * Value and textContent can be interpolated.
+ *
+ * The {@link select.SelectController select controller} exposes utility functions that can be used
+ * to manipulate the select's behavior.
+ *
+ * ## Matching model and option values
+ *
+ * In general, the match between the model and an option is evaluated by strictly comparing the model
+ * value against the value of the available options.
+ *
+ * If you are setting the option value with the option's `value` attribute, or textContent, the
+ * value will always be a `string` which means that the model value must also be a string.
+ * Otherwise the `select` directive cannot match them correctly.
+ *
+ * To bind the model to a non-string value, you can use one of the following strategies:
+ * - the {@link ng.ngOptions `ngOptions`} directive
+ *   ({@link ng.select#using-select-with-ngoptions-and-setting-a-default-value})
+ * - the {@link ng.ngValue `ngValue`} directive, which allows arbitrary expressions to be
+ *   option values ({@link ng.select#using-ngvalue-to-bind-the-model-to-an-array-of-objects Example})
+ * - model $parsers / $formatters to convert the string value
+ *   ({@link ng.select#binding-select-to-a-non-string-value-via-ngmodel-parsing-formatting Example})
+ *
+ * If the viewValue of `ngModel` does not match any of the options, then the control
+ * will automatically add an "unknown" option, which it then removes when the mismatch is resolved.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
+ *
+ * ## Choosing between `ngRepeat` and `ngOptions`
+ *
+ * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of {@link ng.directive:ngOptions
+ * ngOptions} to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits:
+ * - more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression
+ * - reduced memory consumption by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance
+ * - increased render speed by creating the options in a documentFragment instead of individually
+ *
+ * Specifically, select with repeated options slows down significantly starting at 2000 options in
+ * Chrome and Internet Explorer / Edge.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} multiple Allows multiple options to be selected. The selected values will be
+ *     bound to the model as an array.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds required attribute and required validation constraint to
+ * the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use ngRequired instead of required
+ * when you want to data-bind to the required attribute.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when selected option(s) changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the select element.
+ * @param {string=} ngOptions sets the options that the select is populated with and defines what is
+ * set on the model on selection. See {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`}.
+ * @param {string=} ngAttrSize sets the size of the select element dynamically. Uses the
+ * {@link guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes ngAttr} directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Simple `select` elements with static options
+ *
+ * <example name="static-select" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *
+ *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select with "not selected" option and dynamic option values: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="singleSelect" id="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
+ *       <option value="">---Please select---</option> <!-- not selected / blank option -->
+ *       <option value="{{data.option1}}">Option 1</option> <!-- interpolation -->
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *     <tt>singleSelect = {{data.singleSelect}}</tt>
+ *
+ *     <hr>
+ *     <label for="multipleSelect"> Multiple select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="multipleSelect" id="multipleSelect" ng-model="data.multipleSelect" multiple>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *       <option value="option-3">Option 3</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <tt>multipleSelect = {{data.multipleSelect}}</tt><br/>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       singleSelect: null,
+ *       multipleSelect: [],
+ *       option1: 'option-1'
+ *      };
  *
- * @param spec Spec to compute the path for.
- * @return {Array<Describe>} The describe block path
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.prototype.getDefinitionPath = function(spec) {
-  var path = [];
-  var currentDefinition = spec.definition;
-  while (currentDefinition && currentDefinition.name) {
-    path.unshift(currentDefinition);
-    currentDefinition = currentDefinition.parent;
-  }
-  return path;
-};
-
-/**
- * Gets a spec by id.
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.data.singleSelect = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
  *
- * @param {string} id The id of the spec to get the object for.
- * @return {Object} the Spec instance
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.prototype.getSpec = function(id) {
-  return this.specMap[id];
-};
-
-/**
- * A single it block.
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `ngRepeat` to generate `select` options
+ * <example name="select-ngrepeat" module="ngrepeatSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="repeatSelect"> Repeat select: </label>
+ *     <select name="repeatSelect" id="repeatSelect" ng-model="data.model">
+ *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" value="{{option.id}}">{{option.name}}</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <tt>model = {{data.model}}</tt><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('ngrepeatSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       model: null,
+ *       availableOptions: [
+ *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
+ *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
+ *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
+ *       ]
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
  *
- * @param {string} id Id of the spec
- * @param {string} name Name of the spec
- * @param {Array<string>=} definitionNames List of all describe block names that wrap this spec
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Spec = function(id, name, definitionNames) {
-  this.id = id;
-  this.name = name;
-  this.startTime = Date.now();
-  this.steps = [];
-  this.fullDefinitionName = (definitionNames || []).join(' ');
-};
-
-/**
- * Adds a new step to the Spec.
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `ngValue` to bind the model to an array of objects
+ * <example name="select-ngvalue" module="ngvalueSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="ngvalueselect"> ngvalue select: </label>
+ *     <select size="6" name="ngvalueselect" ng-model="data.model" multiple>
+ *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" ng-value="option.value">{{option.name}}</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <pre>model = {{data.model | json}}</pre><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('ngvalueSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       model: null,
+ *       availableOptions: [
+           {value: 'myString', name: 'string'},
+           {value: 1, name: 'integer'},
+           {value: true, name: 'boolean'},
+           {value: null, name: 'null'},
+           {value: {prop: 'value'}, name: 'object'},
+           {value: ['a'], name: 'array'}
+ *       ]
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
  *
- * @param {string} name Name of the step (really name of the future)
- * @return {Object} the added step
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Spec.prototype.addStep = function(name) {
-  var step = new angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Step(name);
-  this.steps.push(step);
-  return step;
-};
-
-/**
- * Gets the most recent step.
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `select` with `ngOptions` and setting a default value
+ * See the {@link ngOptions ngOptions documentation} for more `ngOptions` usage examples.
  *
- * @return {Object} the step
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Spec.prototype.getLastStep = function() {
-  return this.steps[this.steps.length - 1];
-};
-
-/**
- * Set status of the Spec from given Step
+ * <example name="select-with-default-values" module="defaultValueSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="mySelect">Make a choice:</label>
+ *     <select name="mySelect" id="mySelect"
+ *       ng-options="option.name for option in data.availableOptions track by option.id"
+ *       ng-model="data.selectedOption"></select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <tt>option = {{data.selectedOption}}</tt><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('defaultValueSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       availableOptions: [
+ *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
+ *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
+ *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
+ *       ],
+ *       selectedOption: {id: '3', name: 'Option C'} //This sets the default value of the select in the ui
+ *       };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
  *
- * @param {angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Step} step
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Spec.prototype.setStatusFromStep = function(step) {
-  if (!this.status || step.status == 'error') {
-    this.status = step.status;
-    this.error = step.error;
-    this.line = step.line;
-  }
-};
-
-/**
- * A single step inside a Spec.
+ * @example
+ * ### Binding `select` to a non-string value via `ngModel` parsing / formatting
  *
- * @param {string} name Name of the step
- */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Step = function(name) {
-  this.name = name;
-  this.startTime = Date.now();
-};
-
-/**
- * Helper method for setting all error status related properties
+ * <example name="select-with-non-string-options" module="nonStringSelect">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <select ng-model="model.id" convert-to-number>
+ *       <option value="0">Zero</option>
+ *       <option value="1">One</option>
+ *       <option value="2">Two</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *     {{ model }}
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('nonStringSelect', [])
+ *       .run(function($rootScope) {
+ *         $rootScope.model = { id: 2 };
+ *       })
+ *       .directive('convertToNumber', function() {
+ *         return {
+ *           require: 'ngModel',
+ *           link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
+ *             ngModel.$parsers.push(function(val) {
+ *               return parseInt(val, 10);
+ *             });
+ *             ngModel.$formatters.push(function(val) {
+ *               return '' + val;
+ *             });
+ *           }
+ *         };
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
+ *       expect(element(by.model('model.id')).$('option:checked').getText()).toEqual('Two');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
  *
- * @param {string} status
- * @param {string} error
- * @param {string} line
  */
-angular.scenario.ObjectModel.Step.prototype.setErrorStatus = function(status, error, line) {
-  this.status = status;
-  this.error = error;
-  this.line = line;
-};
+var selectDirective = function() {
 
-/**
- * Runner for scenarios
- *
- * Has to be initialized before any test is loaded,
- * because it publishes the API into window (global space).
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner = function($window) {
-  this.listeners = [];
-  this.$window = $window;
-  this.rootDescribe = new angular.scenario.Describe();
-  this.currentDescribe = this.rootDescribe;
-  this.api = {
-    it: this.it,
-    iit: this.iit,
-    xit: angular.noop,
-    describe: this.describe,
-    ddescribe: this.ddescribe,
-    xdescribe: angular.noop,
-    beforeEach: this.beforeEach,
-    afterEach: this.afterEach
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
+    controller: SelectController,
+    priority: 1,
+    link: {
+      pre: selectPreLink,
+      post: selectPostLink
+    }
   };
-  angular.forEach(this.api, angular.bind(this, function(fn, key) {
-    this.$window[key] = angular.bind(this, fn);
-  }));
-};
-
-/**
- * Emits an event which notifies listeners and passes extra
- * arguments.
- *
- * @param {string} eventName Name of the event to fire.
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.emit = function(eventName) {
-  var self = this;
-  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
-  eventName = eventName.toLowerCase();
-  if (!this.listeners[eventName]) {
-    return;
-  }
-  angular.forEach(this.listeners[eventName], function(listener) {
-    listener.apply(self, args);
-  });
-};
 
-/**
- * Adds a listener for an event.
- *
- * @param {string} eventName The name of the event to add a handler for
- * @param {string} listener The fn(...) that takes the extra arguments from emit()
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.on = function(eventName, listener) {
-  eventName = eventName.toLowerCase();
-  this.listeners[eventName] = this.listeners[eventName] || [];
-  this.listeners[eventName].push(listener);
-};
+  function selectPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
 
-/**
- * Defines a describe block of a spec.
- *
- * @see Describe.js
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the block
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.describe = function(name, body) {
-  var self = this;
-  this.currentDescribe.describe(name, function() {
-    var parentDescribe = self.currentDescribe;
-    self.currentDescribe = this;
-    try {
-      body.call(this);
-    } finally {
-      self.currentDescribe = parentDescribe;
-    }
-  });
-};
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
 
-/**
- * Same as describe, but makes ddescribe the only blocks to run.
- *
- * @see Describe.js
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the block
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.ddescribe = function(name, body) {
-  var self = this;
-  this.currentDescribe.ddescribe(name, function() {
-    var parentDescribe = self.currentDescribe;
-    self.currentDescribe = this;
-    try {
-      body.call(this);
-    } finally {
-      self.currentDescribe = parentDescribe;
-    }
-  });
-};
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything but set the registerOption
+      // function to noop, so options don't get added internally
+      if (!ngModelCtrl) {
+        selectCtrl.registerOption = noop;
+        return;
+      }
 
-/**
- * Defines a test in a describe block of a spec.
- *
- * @see Describe.js
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the block
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.it = function(name, body) {
-  this.currentDescribe.it(name, body);
-};
 
-/**
- * Same as it, but makes iit tests the only tests to run.
- *
- * @see Describe.js
- *
- * @param {string} name Name of the block
- * @param {function()} body Body of the block
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.iit = function(name, body) {
-  this.currentDescribe.iit(name, body);
-};
+      selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl;
 
-/**
- * Defines a function to be called before each it block in the describe
- * (and before all nested describes).
- *
- * @see Describe.js
- *
- * @param {function()} Callback to execute
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.beforeEach = function(body) {
-  this.currentDescribe.beforeEach(body);
-};
+      // When the selected item(s) changes we delegate getting the value of the select control
+      // to the `readValue` method, which can be changed if the select can have multiple
+      // selected values or if the options are being generated by `ngOptions`
+      element.on('change', function() {
+        selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectCtrl.readValue());
+        });
+      });
 
-/**
- * Defines a function to be called after each it block in the describe
- * (and before all nested describes).
- *
- * @see Describe.js
- *
- * @param {function()} Callback to execute
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.afterEach = function(body) {
-  this.currentDescribe.afterEach(body);
-};
+      // If the select allows multiple values then we need to modify how we read and write
+      // values from and to the control; also what it means for the value to be empty and
+      // we have to add an extra watch since ngModel doesn't work well with arrays - it
+      // doesn't trigger rendering if only an item in the array changes.
+      if (attr.multiple) {
+        selectCtrl.multiple = true;
 
-/**
- * Creates a new spec runner.
- *
- * @private
- * @param {Object} scope parent scope
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.createSpecRunner_ = function(scope) {
-  var child = scope.$new();
-  var Cls = angular.scenario.SpecRunner;
-
-  // Export all the methods to child scope manually as now we don't mess controllers with scopes
-  // TODO(vojta): refactor scenario runner so that these objects are not tightly coupled as current
-  for (var name in Cls.prototype) {
-    child[name] = angular.bind(child, Cls.prototype[name]);
-  }
+        // Read value now needs to check each option to see if it is selected
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readMultipleValue() {
+          var array = [];
+          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
+            if (option.selected && !option.disabled) {
+              var val = option.value;
+              array.push(val in selectCtrl.selectValueMap ? selectCtrl.selectValueMap[val] : val);
+            }
+          });
+          return array;
+        };
 
-  Cls.call(child);
-  return child;
-};
+        // Write value now needs to set the selected property of each matching option
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeMultipleValue(value) {
+          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
+            var shouldBeSelected = !!value && (includes(value, option.value) ||
+                                               includes(value, selectCtrl.selectValueMap[option.value]));
+            var currentlySelected = option.selected;
+
+            // Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 12-15+
+            // In IE and Edge adding options to the selection via shift+click/UP/DOWN
+            // will de-select already selected options if "selected" on those options was set
+            // more than once (i.e. when the options were already selected)
+            // So we only modify the selected property if necessary.
+            // Note: this behavior cannot be replicated via unit tests because it only shows in the
+            // actual user interface.
+            if (shouldBeSelected !== currentlySelected) {
+              setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(option), shouldBeSelected);
+            }
 
-/**
- * Runs all the loaded tests with the specified runner class on the
- * provided application.
- *
- * @param {angular.scenario.Application} application App to remote control.
- */
-angular.scenario.Runner.prototype.run = function(application) {
-  var self = this;
-  var $root = angular.injector(['ng']).get('$rootScope');
-  angular.extend($root, this);
-  angular.forEach(angular.scenario.Runner.prototype, function(fn, name) {
-    $root[name] = angular.bind(self, fn);
-  });
-  $root.application = application;
-  $root.emit('RunnerBegin');
-  asyncForEach(this.rootDescribe.getSpecs(), function(spec, specDone) {
-    var dslCache = {};
-    var runner = self.createSpecRunner_($root);
-    angular.forEach(angular.scenario.dsl, function(fn, key) {
-      dslCache[key] = fn.call($root);
-    });
-    angular.forEach(angular.scenario.dsl, function(fn, key) {
-      self.$window[key] = function() {
-        var line = callerFile(3);
-        var scope = runner.$new();
-
-        // Make the dsl accessible on the current chain
-        scope.dsl = {};
-        angular.forEach(dslCache, function(fn, key) {
-          scope.dsl[key] = function() {
-            return dslCache[key].apply(scope, arguments);
-          };
+          });
+        };
+
+        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
+        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
+        var lastView, lastViewRef = NaN;
+        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
+          if (lastViewRef === ngModelCtrl.$viewValue && !equals(lastView, ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
+            lastView = shallowCopy(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          }
+          lastViewRef = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
         });
 
-        // Make these methods work on the current chain
-        scope.addFuture = function() {
-          Array.prototype.push.call(arguments, line);
-          return angular.scenario.SpecRunner.
-            prototype.addFuture.apply(scope, arguments);
-        };
-        scope.addFutureAction = function() {
-          Array.prototype.push.call(arguments, line);
-          return angular.scenario.SpecRunner.
-            prototype.addFutureAction.apply(scope, arguments);
+        // If we are a multiple select then value is now a collection
+        // so the meaning of $isEmpty changes
+        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+          return !value || value.length === 0;
         };
 
-        return scope.dsl[key].apply(scope, arguments);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function selectPostLink(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      if (!ngModelCtrl) return;
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+
+      // We delegate rendering to the `writeValue` method, which can be changed
+      // if the select can have multiple selected values or if the options are being
+      // generated by `ngOptions`.
+      // This must be done in the postLink fn to prevent $render to be called before
+      // all nodes have been linked correctly.
+      ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
+        selectCtrl.writeValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
       };
-    });
-    runner.run(spec, function() {
-      runner.$destroy();
-      specDone.apply(this, arguments);
-    });
-  },
-  function(error) {
-    if (error) {
-      self.emit('RunnerError', error);
     }
-    self.emit('RunnerEnd');
-  });
 };
 
-/**
- * This class is the "this" of the it/beforeEach/afterEach method.
- * Responsibilities:
- *   - "this" for it/beforeEach/afterEach
- *   - keep state for single it/beforeEach/afterEach execution
- *   - keep track of all of the futures to execute
- *   - run single spec (execute each future)
- */
-angular.scenario.SpecRunner = function() {
-  this.futures = [];
-  this.afterIndex = 0;
-};
 
-/**
- * Executes a spec which is an it block with associated before/after functions
- * based on the describe nesting.
- *
- * @param {Object} spec A spec object
- * @param {function()} specDone function that is called when the spec finishes,
- *                              of the form `Function(error, index)`
- */
-angular.scenario.SpecRunner.prototype.run = function(spec, specDone) {
-  var self = this;
-  this.spec = spec;
+// The option directive is purely designed to communicate the existence (or lack of)
+// of dynamically created (and destroyed) option elements to their containing select
+// directive via its controller.
+var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn;
 
-  this.emit('SpecBegin', spec);
+      if (isDefined(attr.ngValue)) {
+        // Will be handled by registerOption
+      } else if (isDefined(attr.value)) {
+        // If the value attribute is defined, check if it contains an interpolation
+        interpolateValueFn = $interpolate(attr.value, true);
+      } else {
+        // If the value attribute is not defined then we fall back to the
+        // text content of the option element, which may be interpolated
+        interpolateTextFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
+        if (!interpolateTextFn) {
+          attr.$set('value', element.text());
+        }
+      }
 
-  try {
-    spec.before.call(this);
-    spec.body.call(this);
-    this.afterIndex = this.futures.length;
-    spec.after.call(this);
-  } catch (e) {
-    this.emit('SpecError', spec, e);
-    this.emit('SpecEnd', spec);
-    specDone();
-    return;
-  }
+      return function(scope, element, attr) {
+        // This is an optimization over using ^^ since we don't want to have to search
+        // all the way to the root of the DOM for every single option element
+        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
+            parent = element.parent(),
+            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
+              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup
 
-  var handleError = function(error, done) {
-    if (self.error) {
-      return done();
+        if (selectCtrl) {
+          selectCtrl.registerOption(scope, element, attr, interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn);
+        }
+      };
     }
-    self.error = true;
-    done(null, self.afterIndex);
   };
-
-  asyncForEach(
-    this.futures,
-    function(future, futureDone) {
-      self.step = future;
-      self.emit('StepBegin', spec, future);
-      try {
-        future.execute(function(error) {
-          if (error) {
-            self.emit('StepFailure', spec, future, error);
-            self.emit('StepEnd', spec, future);
-            return handleError(error, futureDone);
-          }
-          self.emit('StepEnd', spec, future);
-          self.$window.setTimeout(function() { futureDone(); }, 0);
-        });
-      } catch (e) {
-        self.emit('StepError', spec, future, e);
-        self.emit('StepEnd', spec, future);
-        handleError(e, futureDone);
-      }
-    },
-    function(e) {
-      if (e) {
-        self.emit('SpecError', spec, e);
-      }
-      self.emit('SpecEnd', spec);
-      // Call done in a timeout so exceptions don't recursively
-      // call this function
-      self.$window.setTimeout(function() { specDone(); }, 0);
-    }
-  );
-};
+}];
 
 /**
- * Adds a new future action.
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngRequired
+ * @restrict A
  *
- * Note: Do not pass line manually. It happens automatically.
+ * @param {expression} ngRequired AngularJS expression. If it evaluates to `true`, it sets the
+ *                                `required` attribute to the element and adds the `required`
+ *                                {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`}.
  *
- * @param {string} name Name of the future
- * @param {function()} behavior Behavior of the future
- * @param {function()} line fn() that returns file/line number
- */
-angular.scenario.SpecRunner.prototype.addFuture = function(name, behavior, line) {
-  var future = new angular.scenario.Future(name, angular.bind(this, behavior), line);
-  this.futures.push(future);
-  return future;
-};
-
-/**
- * Adds a new future action to be executed on the application window.
+ * @description
  *
- * Note: Do not pass line manually. It happens automatically.
+ * ngRequired adds the required {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for {@link input `input`} and {@link select `select`} controls, but can also be
+ * applied to custom controls.
  *
- * @param {string} name Name of the future
- * @param {function()} behavior Behavior of the future
- * @param {function()} line fn() that returns file/line number
- */
-angular.scenario.SpecRunner.prototype.addFutureAction = function(name, behavior, line) {
-  var self = this;
-  var NG = /\[ng\\\:/;
-  return this.addFuture(name, function(done) {
-    this.application.executeAction(function($window, $document) {
-
-      //TODO(esprehn): Refactor this so it doesn't need to be in here.
-      $document.elements = function(selector) {
-        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
-        selector = (self.selector || '') + ' ' + (selector || '');
-        selector = _jQuery.trim(selector) || '*';
-        angular.forEach(args, function(value, index) {
-          selector = selector.replace('$' + (index + 1), value);
-        });
-        var result = $document.find(selector);
-        if (selector.match(NG)) {
-          angular.forEach(['[ng-','[data-ng-','[x-ng-'], function(value, index) {
-            result = result.add(selector.replace(NG, value), $document);
-          });
-        }
-        if (!result.length) {
-          throw {
-            type: 'selector',
-            message: 'Selector ' + selector + ' did not match any elements.'
-          };
-        }
-
-        return result;
-      };
-
-      try {
-        behavior.call(self, $window, $document, done);
-      } catch (e) {
-        if (e.type && e.type === 'selector') {
-          done(e.message);
-        } else {
-          throw e;
-        }
-      }
-    });
-  }, line);
-};
-
-/**
- * Shared DSL statements that are useful to all scenarios.
- */
-
- /**
- * Usage:
- *    pause() pauses until you call resume() in the console
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('pause', function() {
-  return function() {
-    return this.addFuture('pausing for you to resume', function(done) {
-      this.emit('InteractivePause', this.spec, this.step);
-      this.$window.resume = function() { done(); };
-    });
-  };
-});
+ * The directive sets the `required` attribute on the element if the AngularJS expression inside
+ * `ngRequired` evaluates to true. A special directive for setting `required` is necessary because we
+ * cannot use interpolation inside `required`. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide}
+ * for more info.
+ *
+ * The validator will set the `required` error key to true if the `required` attribute is set and
+ * calling {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty `NgModelController.$isEmpty`} with the
+ * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`} returns `true`. For example, the
+ * `$isEmpty()` implementation for `input[text]` checks the length of the `$viewValue`. When developing
+ * custom controls, `$isEmpty()` can be overwritten to account for a $viewValue that is not string-based.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngRequiredDirective" module="ngRequiredExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngRequiredExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.required = true;
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="required">Toggle required: </label>
+ *         <input type="checkbox" ng-model="required" id="required" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input must be filled if `required` is true: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-required="required" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         required error set? = <code>{{form.input.$error.required}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var required = element(by.binding('form.input.$error.required'));
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
 
-/**
- * Usage:
- *    sleep(seconds) pauses the test for specified number of seconds
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('sleep', function() {
-  return function(time) {
-    return this.addFuture('sleep for ' + time + ' seconds', function(done) {
-      this.$window.setTimeout(function() { done(null, time * 1000); }, time * 1000);
-    });
-  };
-});
+       it('should set the required error', function() {
+         expect(required.getText()).toContain('true');
 
-/**
- * Usage:
- *    browser().navigateTo(url) Loads the url into the frame
- *    browser().navigateTo(url, fn) where fn(url) is called and returns the URL to navigate to
- *    browser().reload() refresh the page (reload the same URL)
- *    browser().window.href() window.location.href
- *    browser().window.path() window.location.pathname
- *    browser().window.search() window.location.search
- *    browser().window.hash() window.location.hash without # prefix
- *    browser().location().url() see ng.$location#url
- *    browser().location().path() see ng.$location#path
- *    browser().location().search() see ng.$location#search
- *    browser().location().hash() see ng.$location#hash
+         input.sendKeys('123');
+         expect(required.getText()).not.toContain('true');
+         expect(model.getText()).toContain('123');
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
  */
-angular.scenario.dsl('browser', function() {
-  var chain = {};
-
-  chain.navigateTo = function(url, delegate) {
-    var application = this.application;
-    return this.addFuture("browser navigate to '" + url + "'", function(done) {
-      if (delegate) {
-        url = delegate.call(this, url);
-      }
-      application.navigateTo(url, function() {
-        done(null, url);
-      }, done);
-    });
-  };
-
-  chain.reload = function() {
-    var application = this.application;
-    return this.addFutureAction('browser reload', function($window, $document, done) {
-      var href = $window.location.href;
-      application.navigateTo(href, function() {
-        done(null, href);
-      }, done);
-    });
-  };
-
-  chain.window = function() {
-    var api = {};
-
-    api.href = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('window.location.href', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $window.location.href);
-      });
-    };
-
-    api.path = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('window.location.path', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $window.location.pathname);
-      });
-    };
-
-    api.search = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('window.location.search', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $window.location.search);
-      });
-    };
-
-    api.hash = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('window.location.hash', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $window.location.hash.replace('#', ''));
-      });
-    };
-
-    return api;
-  };
-
-  chain.location = function() {
-    var api = {};
+var requiredDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+      // For boolean attributes like required, presence means true
+      var value = attr.hasOwnProperty('required') || $parse(attr.ngRequired)(scope);
 
-    api.url = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('$location.url()', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $document.injector().get('$location').url());
-      });
-    };
+      if (!attr.ngRequired) {
+        // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+        // (input elements do this automatically for boolean attributes like required)
+        attr.required = true;
+      }
 
-    api.path = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('$location.path()', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $document.injector().get('$location').path());
-      });
-    };
+      ctrl.$validators.required = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return !value || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
+      };
 
-    api.search = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('$location.search()', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $document.injector().get('$location').search());
-      });
-    };
+      attr.$observe('required', function(newVal) {
 
-    api.hash = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction('$location.hash()', function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $document.injector().get('$location').hash());
+        if (value !== newVal) {
+          value = newVal;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
       });
-    };
-
-    return api;
-  };
-
-  return function() {
-    return chain;
+    }
   };
-});
+}];
 
 /**
- * Usage:
- *    expect(future).{matcher} where matcher is one of the matchers defined
- *    with angular.scenario.matcher
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPattern
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression|RegExp} ngPattern AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `RegExp` or a `String`
+ *                                      parsable into a `RegExp`, or a `RegExp` literal. See above for
+ *                                      more details.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * ngPattern adds the pattern {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
+ *
+ * The validator sets the `pattern` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
+ * does not match a RegExp which is obtained from the `ngPattern` attribute value:
+ * - the value is an AngularJS expression:
+ *   - If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *   - If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it
+ *     in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+ * - If the value is a RegExp literal, e.g. `ngPattern="/^\d+$/"`, it is used directly.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ * start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ * account.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `pattern` attribute is used, with two
+ * differences:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>
+ *     `ngPattern` does not set the `pattern` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint validation is
+ *     not available.
+ *   </li>
+ *   <li>
+ *     The `ngPattern` attribute must be an expression, while the `pattern` value must be
+ *     interpolated.
+ *   </li>
+ * </ol>
+ * </div>
  *
- * ex. expect(binding("name")).toEqual("Elliott")
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('expect', function() {
-  var chain = angular.extend({}, angular.scenario.matcher);
-
-  chain.not = function() {
-    this.inverse = true;
-    return chain;
-  };
-
-  return function(future) {
-    this.future = future;
-    return chain;
-  };
-});
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngPatternDirective" module="ngPatternExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngPatternExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.regex = '\\d+';
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="regex">Set a pattern (regex string): </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="regex" id="regex" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current pattern: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-pattern="regex" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
 
-/**
- * Usage:
- *    using(selector, label) scopes the next DSL element selection
- *
- * ex.
- *   using('#foo', "'Foo' text field").input('bar')
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('using', function() {
-  return function(selector, label) {
-    this.selector = _jQuery.trim((this.selector || '') + ' ' + selector);
-    if (angular.isString(label) && label.length) {
-      this.label = label + ' ( ' + this.selector + ' )';
-    } else {
-      this.label = this.selector;
-    }
-    return this.dsl;
-  };
-});
+       it('should validate the input with the default pattern', function() {
+         input.sendKeys('aaa');
+         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('aaa');
 
-/**
- * Usage:
- *    binding(name) returns the value of the first matching binding
+         input.clear().then(function() {
+           input.sendKeys('123');
+           expect(model.getText()).toContain('123');
+         });
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
  */
-angular.scenario.dsl('binding', function() {
-  return function(name) {
-    return this.addFutureAction("select binding '" + name + "'",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var values = $document.elements().bindings($window.angular.element, name);
-        if (!values.length) {
-          return done("Binding selector '" + name + "' did not match.");
+var patternDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    compile: function(tElm, tAttr) {
+      var patternExp;
+      var parseFn;
+
+      if (tAttr.ngPattern) {
+        patternExp = tAttr.ngPattern;
+
+        // ngPattern might be a scope expression, or an inlined regex, which is not parsable.
+        // We get value of the attribute here, so we can compare the old and the new value
+        // in the observer to avoid unnecessary validations
+        if (tAttr.ngPattern.charAt(0) === '/' && REGEX_STRING_REGEXP.test(tAttr.ngPattern)) {
+          parseFn = function() { return tAttr.ngPattern; };
+        } else {
+          parseFn = $parse(tAttr.ngPattern);
         }
-        done(null, values[0]);
-    });
-  };
-});
-
-/**
- * Usage:
- *    input(name).enter(value) enters value in input with specified name
- *    input(name).check() checks checkbox
- *    input(name).select(value) selects the radio button with specified name/value
- *    input(name).val() returns the value of the input.
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('input', function() {
-  var chain = {};
-  var supportInputEvent = 'oninput' in window.document.createElement('div') && !msie;
-
-  chain.enter = function(value, event) {
-    return this.addFutureAction("input '" + this.name + "' enter '" + value + "'",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var input = $document.elements('[ng\\:model="$1"]', this.name).filter(':input');
-        input.val(value);
-        input.trigger(event || (supportInputEvent ? 'input' : 'change'));
-        done();
-    });
-  };
-
-  chain.check = function() {
-    return this.addFutureAction("checkbox '" + this.name + "' toggle",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var input = $document.elements('[ng\\:model="$1"]', this.name).filter(':checkbox');
-        input.trigger('click');
-        done();
-    });
-  };
-
-  chain.select = function(value) {
-    return this.addFutureAction("radio button '" + this.name + "' toggle '" + value + "'",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var input = $document.
-          elements('[ng\\:model="$1"][value="$2"]', this.name, value).filter(':radio');
-        input.trigger('click');
-        done();
-    });
-  };
-
-  chain.val = function() {
-    return this.addFutureAction("return input val", function($window, $document, done) {
-      var input = $document.elements('[ng\\:model="$1"]', this.name).filter(':input');
-      done(null,input.val());
-    });
-  };
-
-  return function(name) {
-    this.name = name;
-    return chain;
-  };
-});
+      }
 
+      return function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+        if (!ctrl) return;
 
-/**
- * Usage:
- *    repeater('#products table', 'Product List').count() number of rows
- *    repeater('#products table', 'Product List').row(1) all bindings in row as an array
- *    repeater('#products table', 'Product List').column('product.name') all values across all rows
- *    in an array
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('repeater', function() {
-  var chain = {};
+        var attrVal = attr.pattern;
 
-  chain.count = function() {
-    return this.addFutureAction("repeater '" + this.label + "' count",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        try {
-          done(null, $document.elements().length);
-        } catch (e) {
-          done(null, 0);
+        if (attr.ngPattern) {
+          attrVal = parseFn(scope);
+        } else {
+          patternExp = attr.pattern;
         }
-    });
-  };
 
-  chain.column = function(binding) {
-    return this.addFutureAction("repeater '" + this.label + "' column '" + binding + "'",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        done(null, $document.elements().bindings($window.angular.element, binding));
-    });
-  };
+        var regexp = parsePatternAttr(attrVal, patternExp, elm);
 
-  chain.row = function(index) {
-    return this.addFutureAction("repeater '" + this.label + "' row '" + index + "'",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var matches = $document.elements().slice(index, index + 1);
-        if (!matches.length) {
-          return done('row ' + index + ' out of bounds');
-        }
-        done(null, matches.bindings($window.angular.element));
-    });
-  };
+        attr.$observe('pattern', function(newVal) {
+          var oldRegexp = regexp;
 
-  return function(selector, label) {
-    this.dsl.using(selector, label);
-    return chain;
-  };
-});
+          regexp = parsePatternAttr(newVal, patternExp, elm);
 
-/**
- * Usage:
- *    select(name).option('value') select one option
- *    select(name).options('value1', 'value2', ...) select options from a multi select
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('select', function() {
-  var chain = {};
-
-  chain.option = function(value) {
-    return this.addFutureAction("select '" + this.name + "' option '" + value + "'",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var select = $document.elements('select[ng\\:model="$1"]', this.name);
-        var option = select.find('option[value="' + value + '"]');
-        if (option.length) {
-          select.val(value);
-        } else {
-          option = select.find('option').filter(function() {
-            return _jQuery(this).text() === value;
-          });
-          if (!option.length) {
-            option = select.find('option:contains("' + value + '")');
-          }
-          if (option.length) {
-            select.val(option.val());
-          } else {
-              return done("option '" + value + "' not found");
+          if ((oldRegexp && oldRegexp.toString()) !== (regexp && regexp.toString())) {
+            ctrl.$validate();
           }
-        }
-        select.trigger('change');
-        done();
-    });
-  };
+        });
 
-  chain.options = function() {
-    var values = arguments;
-    return this.addFutureAction("select '" + this.name + "' options '" + values + "'",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var select = $document.elements('select[multiple][ng\\:model="$1"]', this.name);
-        select.val(values);
-        select.trigger('change');
-        done();
-    });
-  };
+        ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+          // HTML5 pattern constraint validates the input value, so we validate the viewValue
+          return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(viewValue);
+        };
+      };
+    }
 
-  return function(name) {
-    this.name = name;
-    return chain;
   };
-});
+}];
 
 /**
- * Usage:
- *    element(selector, label).count() get the number of elements that match selector
- *    element(selector, label).click() clicks an element
- *    element(selector, label).mouseover() mouseover an element
- *    element(selector, label).mousedown() mousedown an element
- *    element(selector, label).mouseup() mouseup an element
- *    element(selector, label).query(fn) executes fn(selectedElements, done)
- *    element(selector, label).{method}() gets the value (as defined by jQuery, ex. val)
- *    element(selector, label).{method}(value) sets the value (as defined by jQuery, ex. val)
- *    element(selector, label).{method}(key) gets the value (as defined by jQuery, ex. attr)
- *    element(selector, label).{method}(key, value) sets the value (as defined by jQuery, ex. attr)
- */
-angular.scenario.dsl('element', function() {
-  var KEY_VALUE_METHODS = ['attr', 'css', 'prop'];
-  var VALUE_METHODS = [
-    'val', 'text', 'html', 'height', 'innerHeight', 'outerHeight', 'width',
-    'innerWidth', 'outerWidth', 'position', 'scrollLeft', 'scrollTop', 'offset'
-  ];
-  var chain = {};
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMaxlength
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMaxlength AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `Number` or `String`
+ *                                 parsable into a `Number`. Used as value for the `maxlength`
+ *                                 {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators validator}.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * ngMaxlength adds the maxlength {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
+ *
+ * The validator sets the `maxlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
+ * is longer than the integer obtained by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the
+ * `ngMaxlength` attribute value.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `maxlength` attribute is used, with two
+ * differences:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>
+ *     `ngMaxlength` does not set the `maxlength` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint
+ *     validation is not available.
+ *   </li>
+ *   <li>
+ *     The `ngMaxlength` attribute must be an expression, while the `maxlength` value must be
+ *     interpolated.
+ *   </li>
+ * </ol>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngMaxlengthDirective" module="ngMaxlengthExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngMaxlengthExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.maxlength = 5;
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="maxlength">Set a maxlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="number" ng-model="maxlength" id="maxlength" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current maxlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-maxlength="maxlength" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
 
-  chain.count = function() {
-    return this.addFutureAction("element '" + this.label + "' count",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        try {
-          done(null, $document.elements().length);
-        } catch (e) {
-          done(null, 0);
-        }
-    });
-  };
+       it('should validate the input with the default maxlength', function() {
+         input.sendKeys('abcdef');
+         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('abcdef');
 
-  chain.click = function() {
-    return this.addFutureAction("element '" + this.label + "' click",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var elements = $document.elements();
-        var href = elements.attr('href');
-        var eventProcessDefault = elements.trigger('click')[0];
-
-        if (href && elements[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() === 'a' && eventProcessDefault) {
-          this.application.navigateTo(href, function() {
-            done();
-          }, done);
-        } else {
-          done();
-        }
-    });
-  };
+         input.clear().then(function() {
+           input.sendKeys('abcde');
+           expect(model.getText()).toContain('abcde');
+         });
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var maxlengthDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
 
-  chain.dblclick = function() {
-    return this.addFutureAction("element '" + this.label + "' dblclick",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var elements = $document.elements();
-        var href = elements.attr('href');
-        var eventProcessDefault = elements.trigger('dblclick')[0];
-
-        if (href && elements[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() === 'a' && eventProcessDefault) {
-          this.application.navigateTo(href, function() {
-            done();
-          }, done);
-        } else {
-          done();
-        }
-    });
-  };
+      var maxlength = attr.maxlength || $parse(attr.ngMaxlength)(scope);
+      var maxlengthParsed = parseLength(maxlength);
 
-  chain.mouseover = function() {
-    return this.addFutureAction("element '" + this.label + "' mouseover",
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        var elements = $document.elements();
-        elements.trigger('mouseover');
-        done();
-    });
+      attr.$observe('maxlength', function(value) {
+        if (maxlength !== value) {
+          maxlengthParsed = parseLength(value);
+          maxlength = value;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+      });
+      ctrl.$validators.maxlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return (maxlengthParsed < 0) || ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || (viewValue.length <= maxlengthParsed);
+      };
+    }
   };
+}];
 
-  chain.mousedown = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction("element '" + this.label + "' mousedown",
-        function($window, $document, done) {
-          var elements = $document.elements();
-          elements.trigger('mousedown');
-          done();
-      });
-    };
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMinlength
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMinlength AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `Number` or `String`
+ *                                 parsable into a `Number`. Used as value for the `minlength`
+ *                                 {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators validator}.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * ngMinlength adds the minlength {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
+ * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
+ *
+ * The validator sets the `minlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
+ * is shorter than the integer obtained by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the
+ * `ngMinlength` attribute value.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Note:** This directive is also added when the plain `minlength` attribute is used, with two
+ * differences:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>
+ *     `ngMinlength` does not set the `minlength` attribute and therefore HTML5 constraint
+ *     validation is not available.
+ *   </li>
+ *   <li>
+ *     The `ngMinlength` value must be an expression, while the `minlength` value must be
+ *     interpolated.
+ *   </li>
+ * </ol>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngMinlengthDirective" module="ngMinlengthExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('ngMinlengthExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.minlength = 3;
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <form name="form">
+ *         <label for="minlength">Set a minlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="number" ng-model="minlength" id="minlength" />
+ *         <br>
+ *         <label for="input">This input is restricted by the current minlength: </label>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="model" id="input" name="input" ng-minlength="minlength" /><br>
+ *         <hr>
+ *         input valid? = <code>{{form.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+ *         model = <code>{{model}}</code>
+ *       </form>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var model = element(by.binding('model'));
+       var input = element(by.id('input'));
 
-  chain.mouseup = function() {
-      return this.addFutureAction("element '" + this.label + "' mouseup",
-        function($window, $document, done) {
-          var elements = $document.elements();
-          elements.trigger('mouseup');
-          done();
-      });
-    };
+       it('should validate the input with the default minlength', function() {
+         input.sendKeys('ab');
+         expect(model.getText()).not.toContain('ab');
 
-  chain.query = function(fn) {
-    return this.addFutureAction('element ' + this.label + ' custom query',
-      function($window, $document, done) {
-        fn.call(this, $document.elements(), done);
-    });
-  };
+         input.sendKeys('abc');
+         expect(model.getText()).toContain('abc');
+       });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var minlengthDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
 
-  angular.forEach(KEY_VALUE_METHODS, function(methodName) {
-    chain[methodName] = function(name, value) {
-      var args = arguments,
-          futureName = (args.length == 1)
-              ? "element '" + this.label + "' get " + methodName + " '" + name + "'"
-              : "element '" + this.label + "' set " + methodName + " '" + name + "' to " + "'" +
-                value + "'";
-
-      return this.addFutureAction(futureName, function($window, $document, done) {
-        var element = $document.elements();
-        done(null, element[methodName].apply(element, args));
-      });
-    };
-  });
+      var minlength = attr.minlength || $parse(attr.ngMinlength)(scope);
+      var minlengthParsed = parseLength(minlength) || -1;
 
-  angular.forEach(VALUE_METHODS, function(methodName) {
-    chain[methodName] = function(value) {
-      var args = arguments,
-          futureName = (args.length === 0)
-              ? "element '" + this.label + "' " + methodName
-              : "element '" + this.label + "' set " + methodName + " to '" + value + "'";
+      attr.$observe('minlength', function(value) {
+        if (minlength !== value) {
+          minlengthParsed = parseLength(value) || -1;
+          minlength = value;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
 
-      return this.addFutureAction(futureName, function($window, $document, done) {
-        var element = $document.elements();
-        done(null, element[methodName].apply(element, args));
       });
-    };
-  });
-
-  return function(selector, label) {
-    this.dsl.using(selector, label);
-    return chain;
+      ctrl.$validators.minlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || viewValue.length >= minlengthParsed;
+      };
+    }
   };
-});
-
-/**
- * Matchers for implementing specs. Follows the Jasmine spec conventions.
- */
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toEqual', function(expected) {
-  return angular.equals(this.actual, expected);
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toBe', function(expected) {
-  return this.actual === expected;
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toBeDefined', function() {
-  return angular.isDefined(this.actual);
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toBeTruthy', function() {
-  return this.actual;
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toBeFalsy', function() {
-  return !this.actual;
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toMatch', function(expected) {
-  return new RegExp(expected).test(this.actual);
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toBeNull', function() {
-  return this.actual === null;
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toContain', function(expected) {
-  return includes(this.actual, expected);
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toBeLessThan', function(expected) {
-  return this.actual < expected;
-});
-
-angular.scenario.matcher('toBeGreaterThan', function(expected) {
-  return this.actual > expected;
-});
+}];
 
-/**
- * User Interface for the Scenario Runner.
- *
- * TODO(esprehn): This should be refactored now that ObjectModel exists
- *  to use angular bindings for the UI.
- */
-angular.scenario.output('html', function(context, runner, model) {
-  var specUiMap = {},
-      lastStepUiMap = {};
-
-  context.append(
-    '<div id="header">' +
-    '  <h1><span class="angular">AngularJS</span>: Scenario Test Runner</h1>' +
-    '  <ul id="status-legend" class="status-display">' +
-    '    <li class="status-error">0 Errors</li>' +
-    '    <li class="status-failure">0 Failures</li>' +
-    '    <li class="status-success">0 Passed</li>' +
-    '  </ul>' +
-    '</div>' +
-    '<div id="specs">' +
-    '  <div class="test-children"></div>' +
-    '</div>'
-  );
-
-  runner.on('InteractivePause', function(spec) {
-    var ui = lastStepUiMap[spec.id];
-    ui.find('.test-title').
-      html('paused... <a href="javascript:resume()">resume</a> when ready.');
-  });
+function parsePatternAttr(regex, patternExp, elm) {
+  if (!regex) return undefined;
 
-  runner.on('SpecBegin', function(spec) {
-    var ui = findContext(spec);
-    ui.find('> .tests').append(
-      '<li class="status-pending test-it"></li>'
-    );
-    ui = ui.find('> .tests li:last');
-    ui.append(
-      '<div class="test-info">' +
-      '  <p class="test-title">' +
-      '    <span class="timer-result"></span>' +
-      '    <span class="test-name"></span>' +
-      '  </p>' +
-      '</div>' +
-      '<div class="scrollpane">' +
-      '  <ol class="test-actions"></ol>' +
-      '</div>'
-    );
-    ui.find('> .test-info .test-name').text(spec.name);
-    ui.find('> .test-info').click(function() {
-      var scrollpane = ui.find('> .scrollpane');
-      var actions = scrollpane.find('> .test-actions');
-      var name = context.find('> .test-info .test-name');
-      if (actions.find(':visible').length) {
-        actions.hide();
-        name.removeClass('open').addClass('closed');
-      } else {
-        actions.show();
-        scrollpane.attr('scrollTop', scrollpane.attr('scrollHeight'));
-        name.removeClass('closed').addClass('open');
-      }
-    });
+  if (isString(regex)) {
+    regex = new RegExp('^' + regex + '$');
+  }
 
-    specUiMap[spec.id] = ui;
-  });
+  if (!regex.test) {
+    throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
+      'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
+      regex, startingTag(elm));
+  }
 
-  runner.on('SpecError', function(spec, error) {
-    var ui = specUiMap[spec.id];
-    ui.append('<pre></pre>');
-    ui.find('> pre').text(formatException(error));
-  });
+  return regex;
+}
 
-  runner.on('SpecEnd', function(spec) {
-    var ui = specUiMap[spec.id];
-    spec = model.getSpec(spec.id);
-    ui.removeClass('status-pending');
-    ui.addClass('status-' + spec.status);
-    ui.find("> .test-info .timer-result").text(spec.duration + "ms");
-    if (spec.status === 'success') {
-      ui.find('> .test-info .test-name').addClass('closed');
-      ui.find('> .scrollpane .test-actions').hide();
-    }
-    updateTotals(spec.status);
-  });
+function parseLength(val) {
+  var intVal = toInt(val);
+  return isNumberNaN(intVal) ? -1 : intVal;
+}
 
-  runner.on('StepBegin', function(spec, step) {
-    var ui = specUiMap[spec.id];
-    spec = model.getSpec(spec.id);
-    step = spec.getLastStep();
-    ui.find('> .scrollpane .test-actions').append('<li class="status-pending"></li>');
-    var stepUi = lastStepUiMap[spec.id] = ui.find('> .scrollpane .test-actions li:last');
-    stepUi.append(
-      '<div class="timer-result"></div>' +
-      '<div class="test-title"></div>'
-    );
-    stepUi.find('> .test-title').text(step.name);
-    var scrollpane = stepUi.parents('.scrollpane');
-    scrollpane.attr('scrollTop', scrollpane.attr('scrollHeight'));
-  });
+if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
+  // AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
+  if (window.console) {
+    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load AngularJS more than once.');
+  }
+  return;
+}
 
-  runner.on('StepFailure', function(spec, step, error) {
-    var ui = lastStepUiMap[spec.id];
-    addError(ui, step.line, error);
-  });
+// try to bind to jquery now so that one can write jqLite(fn)
+// but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
+bindJQuery();
 
-  runner.on('StepError', function(spec, step, error) {
-    var ui = lastStepUiMap[spec.id];
-    addError(ui, step.line, error);
-  });
+publishExternalAPI(angular);
 
-  runner.on('StepEnd', function(spec, step) {
-    var stepUi = lastStepUiMap[spec.id];
-    spec = model.getSpec(spec.id);
-    step = spec.getLastStep();
-    stepUi.find('.timer-result').text(step.duration + 'ms');
-    stepUi.removeClass('status-pending');
-    stepUi.addClass('status-' + step.status);
-    var scrollpane = specUiMap[spec.id].find('> .scrollpane');
-    scrollpane.attr('scrollTop', scrollpane.attr('scrollHeight'));
-  });
+angular.module("ngLocale", [], ["$provide", function($provide) {
+var PLURAL_CATEGORY = {ZERO: "zero", ONE: "one", TWO: "two", FEW: "few", MANY: "many", OTHER: "other"};
+function getDecimals(n) {
+  n = n + '';
+  var i = n.indexOf('.');
+  return (i == -1) ? 0 : n.length - i - 1;
+}
 
-  /**
-   * Finds the context of a spec block defined by the passed definition.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} The definition created by the Describe object.
-   */
-  function findContext(spec) {
-    var currentContext = context.find('#specs');
-    angular.forEach(model.getDefinitionPath(spec), function(defn) {
-      var id = 'describe-' + defn.id;
-      if (!context.find('#' + id).length) {
-        currentContext.find('> .test-children').append(
-          '<div class="test-describe" id="' + id + '">' +
-          '  <h2></h2>' +
-          '  <div class="test-children"></div>' +
-          '  <ul class="tests"></ul>' +
-          '</div>'
-        );
-        context.find('#' + id).find('> h2').text('describe: ' + defn.name);
-      }
-      currentContext = context.find('#' + id);
-    });
-    return context.find('#describe-' + spec.definition.id);
-  }
+function getVF(n, opt_precision) {
+  var v = opt_precision;
 
-  /**
-   * Updates the test counter for the status.
-   *
-   * @param {string} the status.
-   */
-  function updateTotals(status) {
-    var legend = context.find('#status-legend .status-' + status);
-    var parts = legend.text().split(' ');
-    var value = (parts[0] * 1) + 1;
-    legend.text(value + ' ' + parts[1]);
+  if (undefined === v) {
+    v = Math.min(getDecimals(n), 3);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Add an error to a step.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} The JQuery wrapped context
-   * @param {function()} fn() that should return the file/line number of the error
-   * @param {Object} the error.
-   */
-  function addError(context, line, error) {
-    context.find('.test-title').append('<pre></pre>');
-    var message = _jQuery.trim(line() + '\n\n' + formatException(error));
-    context.find('.test-title pre:last').text(message);
-  }
-});
+  var base = Math.pow(10, v);
+  var f = ((n * base) | 0) % base;
+  return {v: v, f: f};
+}
 
-/**
- * Generates JSON output into a context.
- */
-angular.scenario.output('json', function(context, runner, model) {
-  model.on('RunnerEnd', function() {
-    context.text(angular.toJson(model.value));
-  });
+$provide.value("$locale", {
+  "DATETIME_FORMATS": {
+    "AMPMS": [
+      "AM",
+      "PM"
+    ],
+    "DAY": [
+      "Sunday",
+      "Monday",
+      "Tuesday",
+      "Wednesday",
+      "Thursday",
+      "Friday",
+      "Saturday"
+    ],
+    "ERANAMES": [
+      "Before Christ",
+      "Anno Domini"
+    ],
+    "ERAS": [
+      "BC",
+      "AD"
+    ],
+    "FIRSTDAYOFWEEK": 0,
+    "MONTH": [
+      "January",
+      "February",
+      "March",
+      "April",
+      "May",
+      "June",
+      "July",
+      "August",
+      "September",
+      "October",
+      "November",
+      "December"
+    ],
+    "SHORTDAY": [
+      "Sun",
+      "Mon",
+      "Tue",
+      "Wed",
+      "Thu",
+      "Fri",
+      "Sat"
+    ],
+    "SHORTMONTH": [
+      "Jan",
+      "Feb",
+      "Mar",
+      "Apr",
+      "May",
+      "Jun",
+      "Jul",
+      "Aug",
+      "Sep",
+      "Oct",
+      "Nov",
+      "Dec"
+    ],
+    "STANDALONEMONTH": [
+      "January",
+      "February",
+      "March",
+      "April",
+      "May",
+      "June",
+      "July",
+      "August",
+      "September",
+      "October",
+      "November",
+      "December"
+    ],
+    "WEEKENDRANGE": [
+      5,
+      6
+    ],
+    "fullDate": "EEEE, d MMMM y",
+    "longDate": "d MMMM y",
+    "medium": "d MMM y h:mm:ss a",
+    "mediumDate": "d MMM y",
+    "mediumTime": "h:mm:ss a",
+    "short": "dd/MM/y h:mm a",
+    "shortDate": "dd/MM/y",
+    "shortTime": "h:mm a"
+  },
+  "NUMBER_FORMATS": {
+    "CURRENCY_SYM": "$",
+    "DECIMAL_SEP": ".",
+    "GROUP_SEP": ",",
+    "PATTERNS": [
+      {
+        "gSize": 3,
+        "lgSize": 3,
+        "maxFrac": 3,
+        "minFrac": 0,
+        "minInt": 1,
+        "negPre": "-",
+        "negSuf": "",
+        "posPre": "",
+        "posSuf": ""
+      },
+      {
+        "gSize": 3,
+        "lgSize": 3,
+        "maxFrac": 2,
+        "minFrac": 2,
+        "minInt": 1,
+        "negPre": "-\u00a4",
+        "negSuf": "",
+        "posPre": "\u00a4",
+        "posSuf": ""
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "id": "en-na",
+  "localeID": "en_NA",
+  "pluralCat": function(n, opt_precision) {  var i = n | 0;  var vf = getVF(n, opt_precision);  if (i == 1 && vf.v == 0) {    return PLURAL_CATEGORY.ONE;  }  return PLURAL_CATEGORY.OTHER;}
 });
+}]);
 
-/**
- * Generates XML output into a context.
- */
-angular.scenario.output('xml', function(context, runner, model) {
-  var $ = function(args) {return new context.init(args);};
-  model.on('RunnerEnd', function() {
-    var scenario = $('<scenario></scenario>');
-    context.append(scenario);
-    serializeXml(scenario, model.value);
+  jqLite(function() {
+    angularInit(window.document, bootstrap);
   });
 
-  /**
-   * Convert the tree into XML.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} context jQuery context to add the XML to.
-   * @param {Object} tree node to serialize
-   */
-  function serializeXml(context, tree) {
-     angular.forEach(tree.children, function(child) {
-       var describeContext = $('<describe></describe>');
-       describeContext.attr('id', child.id);
-       describeContext.attr('name', child.name);
-       context.append(describeContext);
-       serializeXml(describeContext, child);
-     });
-     var its = $('<its></its>');
-     context.append(its);
-     angular.forEach(tree.specs, function(spec) {
-       var it = $('<it></it>');
-       it.attr('id', spec.id);
-       it.attr('name', spec.name);
-       it.attr('duration', spec.duration);
-       it.attr('status', spec.status);
-       its.append(it);
-       angular.forEach(spec.steps, function(step) {
-         var stepContext = $('<step></step>');
-         stepContext.attr('name', step.name);
-         stepContext.attr('duration', step.duration);
-         stepContext.attr('status', step.status);
-         it.append(stepContext);
-         if (step.error) {
-           var error = $('<error></error>');
-           stepContext.append(error);
-           error.text(formatException(step.error));
-         }
-       });
-     });
-   }
-});
-
-/**
- * Creates a global value $result with the result of the runner.
- */
-angular.scenario.output('object', function(context, runner, model) {
-  runner.$window.$result = model.value;
-});
-
-bindJQuery();
-publishExternalAPI(angular);
-
-var $runner = new angular.scenario.Runner(window),
-    scripts = window.document.getElementsByTagName('script'),
-    script = scripts[scripts.length - 1],
-    config = {};
-
-angular.forEach(script.attributes, function(attr) {
-  var match = attr.name.match(/ng[:\-](.*)/);
-  if (match) {
-    config[match[1]] = attr.value || true;
-  }
-});
-
-if (config.autotest) {
-  JQLite(window.document).ready(function() {
-    angular.scenario.setUpAndRun(config);
-  });
-}
 })(window);
 
-
-!window.angular.$$csp().noInlineStyle && window.angular.element(document.head).prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";\n\n[ng\\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak],\n.ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak,\n.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {\n  display: none !important;\n}\n\nng\\:form {\n  display: block;\n}\n\n.ng-animate-shim {\n  visibility:hidden;\n}\n\n.ng-anchor {\n  position:absolute;\n}\n</style>');
-!window.angular.$$csp().noInlineStyle && window.angular.element(document.head).prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";\n/* CSS Document */\n\n/** Structure */\nbody {\n  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n  margin: 0;\n  font-size: 14px;\n}\n\n#system-error {\n  font-size: 1.5em;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n\n#json, #xml {\n  display: none;\n}\n\n#header {\n  position: fixed;\n  width: 100%;\n}\n\n#specs {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n\n#header .angular {\n  font-family: Courier New, monospace;\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n#header h1 {\n  font-weight: normal;\n  float: left;\n  font-size: 30px;\n  line-height: 30px;\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 10px 10px;\n  height: 30px;\n}\n\n#application h2,\n#specs h2 {\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 0.5em;\n  font-size: 1.1em;\n}\n\n#status-legend {\n  margin-top: 10px;\n  margin-right: 10px;\n}\n\n#header,\n#application,\n.test-info,\n.test-actions li {\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n#application {\n  margin: 10px;\n}\n\n#application iframe {\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 758px;\n}\n\n#application .popout {\n  float: right;\n}\n\n#application iframe {\n  border: none;\n}\n\n.tests li,\n.test-actions li,\n.test-it li,\n.test-it ol,\n.status-display {\n  list-style-type: none;\n}\n\n.tests,\n.test-it ol,\n.status-display {\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 0;\n}\n\n.test-info {\n  margin-left: 1em;\n  margin-top: 0.5em;\n  border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;\n  -webkit-border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;\n  -moz-border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n\n.test-info:hover .test-name {\n  text-decoration: underline;\n}\n\n.test-info .closed:before {\n  content: \'\\25b8\\00A0\';\n}\n\n.test-info .open:before {\n  content: \'\\25be\\00A0\';\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.test-it ol {\n  margin-left: 2.5em;\n}\n\n.status-display,\n.status-display li {\n  float: right;\n}\n\n.status-display li {\n  padding: 5px 10px;\n}\n\n.timer-result,\n.test-title {\n  display: inline-block;\n  margin: 0;\n  padding: 4px;\n}\n\n.test-actions .test-title,\n.test-actions .test-result {\n  display: table-cell;\n  padding-left: 0.5em;\n  padding-right: 0.5em;\n}\n\n.test-actions {\n  display: table;\n}\n\n.test-actions li {\n  display: table-row;\n}\n\n.timer-result {\n  width: 4em;\n  padding: 0 10px;\n  text-align: right;\n  font-family: monospace;\n}\n\n.test-it pre,\n.test-actions pre {\n  clear: left;\n  color: black;\n  margin-left: 6em;\n}\n\n.test-describe {\n  padding-bottom: 0.5em;\n}\n\n.test-describe .test-describe {\n  margin: 5px 5px 10px 2em;\n}\n\n.test-actions .status-pending .test-title:before {\n  content: \'\\00bb\\00A0\';\n}\n\n.scrollpane {\n   max-height: 20em;\n   overflow: auto;\n}\n\n/** Colors */\n\n#header {\n  background-color: #F2C200;\n}\n\n#specs h2 {\n  border-top: 2px solid #BABAD1;\n}\n\n#specs h2,\n#application h2 {\n  background-color: #efefef;\n}\n\n#application {\n  border: 1px solid #BABAD1;\n}\n\n.test-describe .test-describe {\n  border-left: 1px solid #BABAD1;\n  border-right: 1px solid #BABAD1;\n  border-bottom: 1px solid #BABAD1;\n}\n\n.status-display {\n  border: 1px solid #777;\n}\n\n.status-display .status-pending,\n.status-pending .test-info {\n  background-color: #F9EEBC;\n}\n\n.status-display .status-success,\n.status-success .test-info {\n  background-color: #B1D7A1;\n}\n\n.status-display .status-failure,\n.status-failure .test-info {\n  background-color: #FF8286;\n}\n\n.status-display .status-error,\n.status-error .test-info {\n  background-color: black;\n  color: white;\n}\n\n.test-actions .status-success .test-title {\n  color: #30B30A;\n}\n\n.test-actions .status-failure .test-title {\n  color: #DF0000;\n}\n\n.test-actions .status-error .test-title {\n  color: black;\n}\n\n.test-actions .timer-result {\n  color: #888;\n}\n</style>');
\ No newline at end of file
+!window.angular.$$csp().noInlineStyle && window.angular.element(document.head).prepend(window.angular.element('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate){display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}.ng-animate-shim{visibility:hidden;}.ng-anchor{position:absolute;}</style>'));
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-touch.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-touch.js
index 79b8d5e..eb73beb 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-touch.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular-touch.js
@@ -1,135 +1,38 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window, angular) {'use strict';
 
-/* global ngTouchClickDirectiveFactory: false,
- */
-
 /**
  * @ngdoc module
  * @name ngTouch
  * @description
  *
- * # ngTouch
- *
- * The `ngTouch` module provides touch events and other helpers for touch-enabled devices.
+ * The `ngTouch` module provides helpers for touch-enabled devices.
  * The implementation is based on jQuery Mobile touch event handling
- * ([jquerymobile.com](http://jquerymobile.com/)).
- *
+ * ([jquerymobile.com](http://jquerymobile.com/)). *
  *
  * See {@link ngTouch.$swipe `$swipe`} for usage.
  *
- * <div doc-module-components="ngTouch"></div>
- *
+ * @deprecated
+ * sinceVersion="1.7.0"
+ * The ngTouch module with the {@link ngTouch.$swipe `$swipe`} service and
+ * the {@link ngTouch.ngSwipeLeft} and {@link ngTouch.ngSwipeRight} directives are
+ * deprecated. Instead, stand-alone libraries for touch handling and gesture interaction
+ * should be used, for example [HammerJS](https://hammerjs.github.io/) (which is also used by
+ * Angular).
  */
 
 // define ngTouch module
-/* global -ngTouch */
+/* global ngTouch */
 var ngTouch = angular.module('ngTouch', []);
 
-ngTouch.provider('$touch', $TouchProvider);
+ngTouch.info({ angularVersion: '"1.8.2"' });
 
 function nodeName_(element) {
-  return angular.lowercase(element.nodeName || (element[0] && element[0].nodeName));
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $touchProvider
- *
- * @description
- * The `$touchProvider` allows enabling / disabling {@link ngTouch.ngClick ngTouch's ngClick directive}.
- */
-$TouchProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$compileProvider'];
-function $TouchProvider($provide, $compileProvider) {
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name  $touchProvider#ngClickOverrideEnabled
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} enabled update the ngClickOverrideEnabled state if provided, otherwise just return the
-   * current ngClickOverrideEnabled state
-   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   *
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Call this method to enable/disable {@link ngTouch.ngClick ngTouch's ngClick directive}. If enabled,
-   * the default ngClick directive will be replaced by a version that eliminates the 300ms delay for
-   * click events on browser for touch-devices.
-   *
-   * The default is `false`.
-   *
-   */
-  var ngClickOverrideEnabled = false;
-  var ngClickDirectiveAdded = false;
-  this.ngClickOverrideEnabled = function(enabled) {
-    if (angular.isDefined(enabled)) {
-
-      if (enabled && !ngClickDirectiveAdded) {
-        ngClickDirectiveAdded = true;
-
-        // Use this to identify the correct directive in the delegate
-        ngTouchClickDirectiveFactory.$$moduleName = 'ngTouch';
-        $compileProvider.directive('ngClick', ngTouchClickDirectiveFactory);
-
-        $provide.decorator('ngClickDirective', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
-          if (ngClickOverrideEnabled) {
-            // drop the default ngClick directive
-            $delegate.shift();
-          } else {
-            // drop the ngTouch ngClick directive if the override has been re-disabled (because
-            // we cannot de-register added directives)
-            var i = $delegate.length - 1;
-            while (i >= 0) {
-              if ($delegate[i].$$moduleName === 'ngTouch') {
-                $delegate.splice(i, 1);
-                break;
-              }
-              i--;
-            }
-          }
-
-          return $delegate;
-        }]);
-      }
-
-      ngClickOverrideEnabled = enabled;
-      return this;
-    }
-
-    return ngClickOverrideEnabled;
-  };
-
-  /**
-  * @ngdoc service
-  * @name $touch
-  * @kind object
-  *
-  * @description
-  * Provides the {@link ngTouch.$touch#ngClickOverrideEnabled `ngClickOverrideEnabled`} method.
-  *
-  */
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return {
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name  $touch#ngClickOverrideEnabled
-       *
-       * @returns {*} current value of `ngClickOverrideEnabled` set in the {@link ngTouch.$touchProvider $touchProvider},
-       * i.e. if {@link ngTouch.ngClick ngTouch's ngClick} directive is enabled.
-       *
-       * @kind function
-       */
-      ngClickOverrideEnabled: function() {
-        return ngClickOverrideEnabled;
-      }
-    };
-  };
-
+  return angular.$$lowercase(element.nodeName || (element[0] && element[0].nodeName));
 }
 
 /* global ngTouch: false */
@@ -138,6 +41,11 @@ function $TouchProvider($provide, $compileProvider) {
      * @ngdoc service
      * @name $swipe
      *
+     * @deprecated
+     * sinceVersion="1.7.0"
+     *
+     * See the {@link ngTouch module} documentation for more information.
+     *
      * @description
      * The `$swipe` service is a service that abstracts the messier details of hold-and-drag swipe
      * behavior, to make implementing swipe-related directives more convenient.
@@ -249,13 +157,17 @@ ngTouch.factory('$swipe', [function() {
         totalX = 0;
         totalY = 0;
         lastPos = startCoords;
-        eventHandlers['start'] && eventHandlers['start'](startCoords, event);
+        if (eventHandlers['start']) {
+          eventHandlers['start'](startCoords, event);
+        }
       });
       var events = getEvents(pointerTypes, 'cancel');
       if (events) {
         element.on(events, function(event) {
           active = false;
-          eventHandlers['cancel'] && eventHandlers['cancel'](event);
+          if (eventHandlers['cancel']) {
+            eventHandlers['cancel'](event);
+          }
         });
       }
 
@@ -284,325 +196,41 @@ ngTouch.factory('$swipe', [function() {
         if (totalY > totalX) {
           // Allow native scrolling to take over.
           active = false;
-          eventHandlers['cancel'] && eventHandlers['cancel'](event);
+          if (eventHandlers['cancel']) {
+            eventHandlers['cancel'](event);
+          }
           return;
         } else {
           // Prevent the browser from scrolling.
           event.preventDefault();
-          eventHandlers['move'] && eventHandlers['move'](coords, event);
+          if (eventHandlers['move']) {
+            eventHandlers['move'](coords, event);
+          }
         }
       });
 
       element.on(getEvents(pointerTypes, 'end'), function(event) {
         if (!active) return;
         active = false;
-        eventHandlers['end'] && eventHandlers['end'](getCoordinates(event), event);
+        if (eventHandlers['end']) {
+          eventHandlers['end'](getCoordinates(event), event);
+        }
       });
     }
   };
 }]);
 
-/* global ngTouch: false,
-  nodeName_: false
-*/
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClick
- * @deprecated
- *
- * @description
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * **DEPRECATION NOTICE**: Beginning with Angular 1.5, this directive is deprecated and by default **disabled**.
- * The directive will receive no further support and might be removed from future releases.
- * If you need the directive, you can enable it with the {@link ngTouch.$touchProvider $touchProvider#ngClickOverrideEnabled}
- * function. We also recommend that you migrate to [FastClick](https://github.com/ftlabs/fastclick).
- * To learn more about the 300ms delay, this [Telerik article](http://developer.telerik.com/featured/300-ms-click-delay-ios-8/)
- * gives a good overview.
- * </div>
- * A more powerful replacement for the default ngClick designed to be used on touchscreen
- * devices. Most mobile browsers wait about 300ms after a tap-and-release before sending
- * the click event. This version handles them immediately, and then prevents the
- * following click event from propagating.
- *
- * Requires the {@link ngTouch `ngTouch`} module to be installed.
- *
- * This directive can fall back to using an ordinary click event, and so works on desktop
- * browsers as well as mobile.
- *
- * This directive also sets the CSS class `ng-click-active` while the element is being held
- * down (by a mouse click or touch) so you can restyle the depressed element if you wish.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate
- * upon tap. (Event object is available as `$event`)
- *
- * @example
-    <example module="ngClickExample" deps="angular-touch.js">
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-          Increment
-        </button>
-        count: {{ count }}
-      </file>
-      <file name="script.js">
-        angular.module('ngClickExample', ['ngTouch']);
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
-
-var ngTouchClickDirectiveFactory = ['$parse', '$timeout', '$rootElement',
-    function($parse, $timeout, $rootElement) {
-  var TAP_DURATION = 750; // Shorter than 750ms is a tap, longer is a taphold or drag.
-  var MOVE_TOLERANCE = 12; // 12px seems to work in most mobile browsers.
-  var PREVENT_DURATION = 2500; // 2.5 seconds maximum from preventGhostClick call to click
-  var CLICKBUSTER_THRESHOLD = 25; // 25 pixels in any dimension is the limit for busting clicks.
-
-  var ACTIVE_CLASS_NAME = 'ng-click-active';
-  var lastPreventedTime;
-  var touchCoordinates;
-  var lastLabelClickCoordinates;
-
-
-  // TAP EVENTS AND GHOST CLICKS
-  //
-  // Why tap events?
-  // Mobile browsers detect a tap, then wait a moment (usually ~300ms) to see if you're
-  // double-tapping, and then fire a click event.
-  //
-  // This delay sucks and makes mobile apps feel unresponsive.
-  // So we detect touchstart, touchcancel and touchend ourselves and determine when
-  // the user has tapped on something.
-  //
-  // What happens when the browser then generates a click event?
-  // The browser, of course, also detects the tap and fires a click after a delay. This results in
-  // tapping/clicking twice. We do "clickbusting" to prevent it.
-  //
-  // How does it work?
-  // We attach global touchstart and click handlers, that run during the capture (early) phase.
-  // So the sequence for a tap is:
-  // - global touchstart: Sets an "allowable region" at the point touched.
-  // - element's touchstart: Starts a touch
-  // (- touchcancel ends the touch, no click follows)
-  // - element's touchend: Determines if the tap is valid (didn't move too far away, didn't hold
-  //   too long) and fires the user's tap handler. The touchend also calls preventGhostClick().
-  // - preventGhostClick() removes the allowable region the global touchstart created.
-  // - The browser generates a click event.
-  // - The global click handler catches the click, and checks whether it was in an allowable region.
-  //     - If preventGhostClick was called, the region will have been removed, the click is busted.
-  //     - If the region is still there, the click proceeds normally. Therefore clicks on links and
-  //       other elements without ngTap on them work normally.
-  //
-  // This is an ugly, terrible hack!
-  // Yeah, tell me about it. The alternatives are using the slow click events, or making our users
-  // deal with the ghost clicks, so I consider this the least of evils. Fortunately Angular
-  // encapsulates this ugly logic away from the user.
-  //
-  // Why not just put click handlers on the element?
-  // We do that too, just to be sure. If the tap event caused the DOM to change,
-  // it is possible another element is now in that position. To take account for these possibly
-  // distinct elements, the handlers are global and care only about coordinates.
-
-  // Checks if the coordinates are close enough to be within the region.
-  function hit(x1, y1, x2, y2) {
-    return Math.abs(x1 - x2) < CLICKBUSTER_THRESHOLD && Math.abs(y1 - y2) < CLICKBUSTER_THRESHOLD;
-  }
-
-  // Checks a list of allowable regions against a click location.
-  // Returns true if the click should be allowed.
-  // Splices out the allowable region from the list after it has been used.
-  function checkAllowableRegions(touchCoordinates, x, y) {
-    for (var i = 0; i < touchCoordinates.length; i += 2) {
-      if (hit(touchCoordinates[i], touchCoordinates[i + 1], x, y)) {
-        touchCoordinates.splice(i, i + 2);
-        return true; // allowable region
-      }
-    }
-    return false; // No allowable region; bust it.
-  }
-
-  // Global click handler that prevents the click if it's in a bustable zone and preventGhostClick
-  // was called recently.
-  function onClick(event) {
-    if (Date.now() - lastPreventedTime > PREVENT_DURATION) {
-      return; // Too old.
-    }
-
-    var touches = event.touches && event.touches.length ? event.touches : [event];
-    var x = touches[0].clientX;
-    var y = touches[0].clientY;
-    // Work around desktop Webkit quirk where clicking a label will fire two clicks (on the label
-    // and on the input element). Depending on the exact browser, this second click we don't want
-    // to bust has either (0,0), negative coordinates, or coordinates equal to triggering label
-    // click event
-    if (x < 1 && y < 1) {
-      return; // offscreen
-    }
-    if (lastLabelClickCoordinates &&
-        lastLabelClickCoordinates[0] === x && lastLabelClickCoordinates[1] === y) {
-      return; // input click triggered by label click
-    }
-    // reset label click coordinates on first subsequent click
-    if (lastLabelClickCoordinates) {
-      lastLabelClickCoordinates = null;
-    }
-    // remember label click coordinates to prevent click busting of trigger click event on input
-    if (nodeName_(event.target) === 'label') {
-      lastLabelClickCoordinates = [x, y];
-    }
-
-    // Look for an allowable region containing this click.
-    // If we find one, that means it was created by touchstart and not removed by
-    // preventGhostClick, so we don't bust it.
-    if (checkAllowableRegions(touchCoordinates, x, y)) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // If we didn't find an allowable region, bust the click.
-    event.stopPropagation();
-    event.preventDefault();
-
-    // Blur focused form elements
-    event.target && event.target.blur && event.target.blur();
-  }
-
-
-  // Global touchstart handler that creates an allowable region for a click event.
-  // This allowable region can be removed by preventGhostClick if we want to bust it.
-  function onTouchStart(event) {
-    var touches = event.touches && event.touches.length ? event.touches : [event];
-    var x = touches[0].clientX;
-    var y = touches[0].clientY;
-    touchCoordinates.push(x, y);
-
-    $timeout(function() {
-      // Remove the allowable region.
-      for (var i = 0; i < touchCoordinates.length; i += 2) {
-        if (touchCoordinates[i] == x && touchCoordinates[i + 1] == y) {
-          touchCoordinates.splice(i, i + 2);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    }, PREVENT_DURATION, false);
-  }
-
-  // On the first call, attaches some event handlers. Then whenever it gets called, it creates a
-  // zone around the touchstart where clicks will get busted.
-  function preventGhostClick(x, y) {
-    if (!touchCoordinates) {
-      $rootElement[0].addEventListener('click', onClick, true);
-      $rootElement[0].addEventListener('touchstart', onTouchStart, true);
-      touchCoordinates = [];
-    }
-
-    lastPreventedTime = Date.now();
-
-    checkAllowableRegions(touchCoordinates, x, y);
-  }
-
-  // Actual linking function.
-  return function(scope, element, attr) {
-    var clickHandler = $parse(attr.ngClick),
-        tapping = false,
-        tapElement,  // Used to blur the element after a tap.
-        startTime,   // Used to check if the tap was held too long.
-        touchStartX,
-        touchStartY;
-
-    function resetState() {
-      tapping = false;
-      element.removeClass(ACTIVE_CLASS_NAME);
-    }
-
-    element.on('touchstart', function(event) {
-      tapping = true;
-      tapElement = event.target ? event.target : event.srcElement; // IE uses srcElement.
-      // Hack for Safari, which can target text nodes instead of containers.
-      if (tapElement.nodeType == 3) {
-        tapElement = tapElement.parentNode;
-      }
-
-      element.addClass(ACTIVE_CLASS_NAME);
-
-      startTime = Date.now();
-
-      // Use jQuery originalEvent
-      var originalEvent = event.originalEvent || event;
-      var touches = originalEvent.touches && originalEvent.touches.length ? originalEvent.touches : [originalEvent];
-      var e = touches[0];
-      touchStartX = e.clientX;
-      touchStartY = e.clientY;
-    });
-
-    element.on('touchcancel', function(event) {
-      resetState();
-    });
-
-    element.on('touchend', function(event) {
-      var diff = Date.now() - startTime;
-
-      // Use jQuery originalEvent
-      var originalEvent = event.originalEvent || event;
-      var touches = (originalEvent.changedTouches && originalEvent.changedTouches.length) ?
-          originalEvent.changedTouches :
-          ((originalEvent.touches && originalEvent.touches.length) ? originalEvent.touches : [originalEvent]);
-      var e = touches[0];
-      var x = e.clientX;
-      var y = e.clientY;
-      var dist = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x - touchStartX, 2) + Math.pow(y - touchStartY, 2));
-
-      if (tapping && diff < TAP_DURATION && dist < MOVE_TOLERANCE) {
-        // Call preventGhostClick so the clickbuster will catch the corresponding click.
-        preventGhostClick(x, y);
-
-        // Blur the focused element (the button, probably) before firing the callback.
-        // This doesn't work perfectly on Android Chrome, but seems to work elsewhere.
-        // I couldn't get anything to work reliably on Android Chrome.
-        if (tapElement) {
-          tapElement.blur();
-        }
-
-        if (!angular.isDefined(attr.disabled) || attr.disabled === false) {
-          element.triggerHandler('click', [event]);
-        }
-      }
-
-      resetState();
-    });
-
-    // Hack for iOS Safari's benefit. It goes searching for onclick handlers and is liable to click
-    // something else nearby.
-    element.onclick = function(event) { };
-
-    // Actual click handler.
-    // There are three different kinds of clicks, only two of which reach this point.
-    // - On desktop browsers without touch events, their clicks will always come here.
-    // - On mobile browsers, the simulated "fast" click will call this.
-    // - But the browser's follow-up slow click will be "busted" before it reaches this handler.
-    // Therefore it's safe to use this directive on both mobile and desktop.
-    element.on('click', function(event, touchend) {
-      scope.$apply(function() {
-        clickHandler(scope, {$event: (touchend || event)});
-      });
-    });
-
-    element.on('mousedown', function(event) {
-      element.addClass(ACTIVE_CLASS_NAME);
-    });
-
-    element.on('mousemove mouseup', function(event) {
-      element.removeClass(ACTIVE_CLASS_NAME);
-    });
-
-  };
-}];
-
 /* global ngTouch: false */
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngSwipeLeft
  *
+ * @deprecated
+ * sinceVersion="1.7.0"
+ *
+ * See the {@link ngTouch module} documentation for more information.
+ *
  * @description
  * Specify custom behavior when an element is swiped to the left on a touchscreen device.
  * A leftward swipe is a quick, right-to-left slide of the finger.
@@ -619,7 +247,7 @@ var ngTouchClickDirectiveFactory = ['$parse', '$timeout', '$rootElement',
  * upon left swipe. (Event object is available as `$event`)
  *
  * @example
-    <example module="ngSwipeLeftExample" deps="angular-touch.js">
+    <example module="ngSwipeLeftExample" deps="angular-touch.js" name="ng-swipe-left">
       <file name="index.html">
         <div ng-show="!showActions" ng-swipe-left="showActions = true">
           Some list content, like an email in the inbox
@@ -639,6 +267,11 @@ var ngTouchClickDirectiveFactory = ['$parse', '$timeout', '$rootElement',
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngSwipeRight
  *
+ * @deprecated
+ * sinceVersion="1.7.0"
+ *
+ * See the {@link ngTouch module} documentation for more information.
+ *
  * @description
  * Specify custom behavior when an element is swiped to the right on a touchscreen device.
  * A rightward swipe is a quick, left-to-right slide of the finger.
@@ -652,7 +285,7 @@ var ngTouchClickDirectiveFactory = ['$parse', '$timeout', '$rootElement',
  * upon right swipe. (Event object is available as `$event`)
  *
  * @example
-    <example module="ngSwipeRightExample" deps="angular-touch.js">
+    <example module="ngSwipeRightExample" deps="angular-touch.js" name="ng-swipe-right">
       <file name="index.html">
         <div ng-show="!showActions" ng-swipe-left="showActions = true">
           Some list content, like an email in the inbox
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular.js b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular.js
index 54f6558..f9edf28 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular.js
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/angular.js
@@ -1,15 +1,75 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
- * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * @license AngularJS v1.8.2
+ * (c) 2010-2020 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
 (function(window) {'use strict';
+/* exported
+  minErrConfig,
+  errorHandlingConfig,
+  isValidObjectMaxDepth
+*/
+
+var minErrConfig = {
+  objectMaxDepth: 5,
+  urlErrorParamsEnabled: true
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.errorHandlingConfig
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Configure several aspects of error handling in AngularJS if used as a setter or return the
+ * current configuration if used as a getter. The following options are supported:
+ *
+ * - **objectMaxDepth**: The maximum depth to which objects are traversed when stringified for error messages.
+ *
+ * Omitted or undefined options will leave the corresponding configuration values unchanged.
+ *
+ * @param {Object=} config - The configuration object. May only contain the options that need to be
+ *     updated. Supported keys:
+ *
+ * * `objectMaxDepth`  **{Number}** - The max depth for stringifying objects. Setting to a
+ *   non-positive or non-numeric value, removes the max depth limit.
+ *   Default: 5
+ *
+ * * `urlErrorParamsEnabled`  **{Boolean}** - Specifies whether the generated error url will
+ *   contain the parameters of the thrown error. Disabling the parameters can be useful if the
+ *   generated error url is very long.
+ *
+ *   Default: true. When used without argument, it returns the current value.
+ */
+function errorHandlingConfig(config) {
+  if (isObject(config)) {
+    if (isDefined(config.objectMaxDepth)) {
+      minErrConfig.objectMaxDepth = isValidObjectMaxDepth(config.objectMaxDepth) ? config.objectMaxDepth : NaN;
+    }
+    if (isDefined(config.urlErrorParamsEnabled) && isBoolean(config.urlErrorParamsEnabled)) {
+      minErrConfig.urlErrorParamsEnabled = config.urlErrorParamsEnabled;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return minErrConfig;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {Number} maxDepth
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth) {
+  return isNumber(maxDepth) && maxDepth > 0;
+}
+
 
 /**
  * @description
  *
  * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
- * Angular. It can be called as follows:
+ * AngularJS. It can be called as follows:
  *
  * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
  * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
@@ -26,7 +86,7 @@
  * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
  * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
  * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
- * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
+ * using minErr('namespace'). Error codes, namespaces and template strings
  * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
  *
  * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
@@ -37,131 +97,148 @@
 
 function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
   ErrorConstructor = ErrorConstructor || Error;
-  return function() {
-    var SKIP_INDEXES = 2;
 
-    var templateArgs = arguments,
-      code = templateArgs[0],
+  var url = 'https://errors.angularjs.org/"1.8.2"/';
+  var regex = url.replace('.', '\\.') + '[\\s\\S]*';
+  var errRegExp = new RegExp(regex, 'g');
+
+  return function() {
+    var code = arguments[0],
+      template = arguments[1],
       message = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
-      template = templateArgs[1],
+      templateArgs = sliceArgs(arguments, 2).map(function(arg) {
+        return toDebugString(arg, minErrConfig.objectMaxDepth);
+      }),
       paramPrefix, i;
 
+    // A minErr message has two parts: the message itself and the url that contains the
+    // encoded message.
+    // The message's parameters can contain other error messages which also include error urls.
+    // To prevent the messages from getting too long, we strip the error urls from the parameters.
+
     message += template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function(match) {
-      var index = +match.slice(1, -1),
-        shiftedIndex = index + SKIP_INDEXES;
+      var index = +match.slice(1, -1);
 
-      if (shiftedIndex < templateArgs.length) {
-        return toDebugString(templateArgs[shiftedIndex]);
+      if (index < templateArgs.length) {
+        return templateArgs[index].replace(errRegExp, '');
       }
 
       return match;
     });
 
-    message += '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.5.8/' +
-      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
+    message += '\n' + url + (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
 
-    for (i = SKIP_INDEXES, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
-      message += paramPrefix + 'p' + (i - SKIP_INDEXES) + '=' +
-        encodeURIComponent(toDebugString(templateArgs[i]));
+    if (minErrConfig.urlErrorParamsEnabled) {
+      for (i = 0, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
+        message += paramPrefix + 'p' + i + '=' + encodeURIComponent(templateArgs[i]);
+      }
     }
 
     return new ErrorConstructor(message);
   };
 }
 
-/* We need to tell jshint what variables are being exported */
-/* global angular: true,
-  msie: true,
-  jqLite: true,
-  jQuery: true,
-  slice: true,
-  splice: true,
-  push: true,
-  toString: true,
-  ngMinErr: true,
-  angularModule: true,
-  uid: true,
-  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP: true,
-  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY: true,
-
-  lowercase: true,
-  uppercase: true,
-  manualLowercase: true,
-  manualUppercase: true,
-  nodeName_: true,
-  isArrayLike: true,
-  forEach: true,
-  forEachSorted: true,
-  reverseParams: true,
-  nextUid: true,
-  setHashKey: true,
-  extend: true,
-  toInt: true,
-  inherit: true,
-  merge: true,
-  noop: true,
-  identity: true,
-  valueFn: true,
-  isUndefined: true,
-  isDefined: true,
-  isObject: true,
-  isBlankObject: true,
-  isString: true,
-  isNumber: true,
-  isDate: true,
-  isArray: true,
-  isFunction: true,
-  isRegExp: true,
-  isWindow: true,
-  isScope: true,
-  isFile: true,
-  isFormData: true,
-  isBlob: true,
-  isBoolean: true,
-  isPromiseLike: true,
-  trim: true,
-  escapeForRegexp: true,
-  isElement: true,
-  makeMap: true,
-  includes: true,
-  arrayRemove: true,
-  copy: true,
-  equals: true,
-  csp: true,
-  jq: true,
-  concat: true,
-  sliceArgs: true,
-  bind: true,
-  toJsonReplacer: true,
-  toJson: true,
-  fromJson: true,
-  convertTimezoneToLocal: true,
-  timezoneToOffset: true,
-  startingTag: true,
-  tryDecodeURIComponent: true,
-  parseKeyValue: true,
-  toKeyValue: true,
-  encodeUriSegment: true,
-  encodeUriQuery: true,
-  angularInit: true,
-  bootstrap: true,
-  getTestability: true,
-  snake_case: true,
-  bindJQuery: true,
-  assertArg: true,
-  assertArgFn: true,
-  assertNotHasOwnProperty: true,
-  getter: true,
-  getBlockNodes: true,
-  hasOwnProperty: true,
-  createMap: true,
-
-  NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_TEXT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT: true,
-  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT: true,
+/* We need to tell ESLint what variables are being exported */
+/* exported
+  angular,
+  msie,
+  jqLite,
+  jQuery,
+  slice,
+  splice,
+  push,
+  toString,
+  minErrConfig,
+  errorHandlingConfig,
+  isValidObjectMaxDepth,
+  ngMinErr,
+  angularModule,
+  uid,
+  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP,
+  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY,
+
+  lowercase,
+  uppercase,
+  nodeName_,
+  isArrayLike,
+  forEach,
+  forEachSorted,
+  reverseParams,
+  nextUid,
+  setHashKey,
+  extend,
+  toInt,
+  inherit,
+  merge,
+  noop,
+  identity,
+  valueFn,
+  isUndefined,
+  isDefined,
+  isObject,
+  isBlankObject,
+  isString,
+  isNumber,
+  isNumberNaN,
+  isDate,
+  isError,
+  isArray,
+  isFunction,
+  isRegExp,
+  isWindow,
+  isScope,
+  isFile,
+  isFormData,
+  isBlob,
+  isBoolean,
+  isPromiseLike,
+  trim,
+  escapeForRegexp,
+  isElement,
+  makeMap,
+  includes,
+  arrayRemove,
+  copy,
+  simpleCompare,
+  equals,
+  csp,
+  jq,
+  concat,
+  sliceArgs,
+  bind,
+  toJsonReplacer,
+  toJson,
+  fromJson,
+  convertTimezoneToLocal,
+  timezoneToOffset,
+  addDateMinutes,
+  startingTag,
+  tryDecodeURIComponent,
+  parseKeyValue,
+  toKeyValue,
+  encodeUriSegment,
+  encodeUriQuery,
+  angularInit,
+  bootstrap,
+  getTestability,
+  snake_case,
+  bindJQuery,
+  assertArg,
+  assertArgFn,
+  assertNotHasOwnProperty,
+  getter,
+  getBlockNodes,
+  hasOwnProperty,
+  createMap,
+  stringify,
+  UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement,
+
+  NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE,
+  NODE_TYPE_TEXT,
+  NODE_TYPE_COMMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT
 */
 
 ////////////////////////////////////
@@ -173,13 +250,11 @@ function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
  * @installation
  * @description
  *
- * # ng (core module)
  * The ng module is loaded by default when an AngularJS application is started. The module itself
  * contains the essential components for an AngularJS application to function. The table below
  * lists a high level breakdown of each of the services/factories, filters, directives and testing
  * components available within this core module.
  *
- * <div doc-module-components="ng"></div>
  */
 
 var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;
@@ -188,33 +263,26 @@ var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;
 // This is used so that it's possible for internal tests to create mock ValidityStates.
 var VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY = 'validity';
 
+
 var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
 
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
+ * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
+ */
 var lowercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
-var uppercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
 
-
-var manualLowercase = function(s) {
-  /* jshint bitwise: false */
-  return isString(s)
-      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
-      : s;
-};
-var manualUppercase = function(s) {
-  /* jshint bitwise: false */
-  return isString(s)
-      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
-      : s;
-};
-
-
-// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
-// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
-// with correct but slower alternatives. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/11387
-if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
-  lowercase = manualLowercase;
-  uppercase = manualUppercase;
-}
+/**
+ * @private
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
+ * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
+ */
+var uppercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
 
 
 var
@@ -233,6 +301,7 @@ var
     angularModule,
     uid               = 0;
 
+// Support: IE 9-11 only
 /**
  * documentMode is an IE-only property
  * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/cc196988(v=vs.85).aspx
@@ -259,12 +328,11 @@ function isArrayLike(obj) {
 
   // Support: iOS 8.2 (not reproducible in simulator)
   // "length" in obj used to prevent JIT error (gh-11508)
-  var length = "length" in Object(obj) && obj.length;
+  var length = 'length' in Object(obj) && obj.length;
 
   // NodeList objects (with `item` method) and
   // other objects with suitable length characteristics are array-like
-  return isNumber(length) &&
-    (length >= 0 && ((length - 1) in obj || obj instanceof Array) || typeof obj.item == 'function');
+  return isNumber(length) && (length >= 0 && (length - 1) in obj || typeof obj.item === 'function');
 
 }
 
@@ -308,9 +376,7 @@ function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
   if (obj) {
     if (isFunction(obj)) {
       for (key in obj) {
-        // Need to check if hasOwnProperty exists,
-        // as on IE8 the result of querySelectorAll is an object without a hasOwnProperty function
-        if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && (!obj.hasOwnProperty || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))) {
+        if (key !== 'prototype' && key !== 'length' && key !== 'name' && obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
           iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
         }
       }
@@ -415,8 +481,10 @@ function baseExtend(dst, objs, deep) {
         } else if (isElement(src)) {
           dst[key] = src.clone();
         } else {
-          if (!isObject(dst[key])) dst[key] = isArray(src) ? [] : {};
-          baseExtend(dst[key], [src], true);
+          if (key !== '__proto__') {
+            if (!isObject(dst[key])) dst[key] = isArray(src) ? [] : {};
+            baseExtend(dst[key], [src], true);
+          }
         }
       } else {
         dst[key] = src;
@@ -465,6 +533,22 @@ function extend(dst) {
 * Unlike {@link angular.extend extend()}, `merge()` recursively descends into object properties of source
 * objects, performing a deep copy.
 *
+* @deprecated
+* sinceVersion="1.6.5"
+* This function is deprecated, but will not be removed in the 1.x lifecycle.
+* There are edge cases (see {@link angular.merge#known-issues known issues}) that are not
+* supported by this function. We suggest using another, similar library for all-purpose merging,
+* such as [lodash's merge()](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.4#merge).
+*
+* @knownIssue
+* This is a list of (known) object types that are not handled correctly by this function:
+* - [`Blob`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Blob)
+* - [`MediaStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/MediaStream)
+* - [`CanvasGradient`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/CanvasGradient)
+* - AngularJS {@link $rootScope.Scope scopes};
+*
+* `angular.merge` also does not support merging objects with circular references.
+*
 * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
 * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
 * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
@@ -479,6 +563,11 @@ function toInt(str) {
   return parseInt(str, 10);
 }
 
+var isNumberNaN = Number.isNaN || function isNumberNaN(num) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+  return num !== num;
+};
+
 
 function inherit(parent, extra) {
   return extend(Object.create(parent), extra);
@@ -667,7 +756,27 @@ function isDate(value) {
  * @param {*} value Reference to check.
  * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
  */
-var isArray = Array.isArray;
+function isArray(arr) {
+  return Array.isArray(arr) || arr instanceof Array;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Error`.
+ * Loosely based on https://www.npmjs.com/package/iserror
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Error`.
+ */
+function isError(value) {
+  var tag = toString.call(value);
+  switch (tag) {
+    case '[object Error]': return true;
+    case '[object Exception]': return true;
+    case '[object DOMException]': return true;
+    default: return value instanceof Error;
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc function
@@ -738,7 +847,7 @@ function isPromiseLike(obj) {
 }
 
 
-var TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP = /^\[object (?:Uint8|Uint8Clamped|Uint16|Uint32|Int8|Int16|Int32|Float32|Float64)Array\]$/;
+var TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP = /^\[object (?:Uint8|Uint8Clamped|Uint16|Uint32|Int8|Int16|Int32|Float32|Float64)Array]$/;
 function isTypedArray(value) {
   return value && isNumber(value.length) && TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP.test(toString.call(value));
 }
@@ -756,8 +865,10 @@ var trim = function(value) {
 // http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/local_closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line1021
 // Prereq: s is a string.
 var escapeForRegexp = function(s) {
-  return s.replace(/([-()\[\]{}+?*.$\^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1').
-           replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
+  return s
+    .replace(/([-()[\]{}+?*.$^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1')
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
+    .replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
 };
 
 
@@ -797,7 +908,7 @@ function nodeName_(element) {
 }
 
 function includes(array, obj) {
-  return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, obj) != -1;
+  return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, obj) !== -1;
 }
 
 function arrayRemove(array, value) {
@@ -815,7 +926,9 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
+ * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array. This functions is used
+ * internally, mostly in the change-detection code. It is not intended as an all-purpose copy
+ * function, and has several limitations (see below).
  *
  * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
  * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for arrays) or properties (for objects)
@@ -824,19 +937,39 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  * * If `source` is identical to `destination` an exception will be thrown.
  *
  * <br />
+ *
  * <div class="alert alert-warning">
  *   Only enumerable properties are taken into account. Non-enumerable properties (both on `source`
  *   and on `destination`) will be ignored.
  * </div>
  *
- * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
- *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
- * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
- *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   `angular.copy` does not check if destination and source are of the same type. It's the
+ *   developer's responsibility to make sure they are compatible.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * This is a non-exhaustive list of object types / features that are not handled correctly by
+ * `angular.copy`. Note that since this functions is used by the change detection code, this
+ * means binding or watching objects of these types (or that include these types) might not work
+ * correctly.
+ * - [`File`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/File)
+ * - [`Map`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map)
+ * - [`ImageData`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/ImageData)
+ * - [`MediaStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/MediaStream)
+ * - [`Set`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set)
+ * - [`WeakMap`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakMap)
+ * - [`getter`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get)/
+ *   [`setter`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set)
+ *
+ * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy. Can be any type, including
+ *     primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
+ * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If provided,
+ *     must be of the same type as `source`.
  * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
  *
  * @example
-  <example module="copyExample">
+  <example module="copyExample" name="angular-copy">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <form novalidate class="simple-form">
@@ -848,7 +981,7 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
           <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
         </form>
         <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
-        <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
+        <pre>leader = {{leader | json}}</pre>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
@@ -856,16 +989,16 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
       angular.
         module('copyExample', []).
         controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.master = {};
+          $scope.leader = {};
 
           $scope.reset = function() {
             // Example with 1 argument
-            $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.master);
+            $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.leader);
           };
 
           $scope.update = function(user) {
             // Example with 2 arguments
-            angular.copy(user, $scope.master);
+            angular.copy(user, $scope.leader);
           };
 
           $scope.reset();
@@ -873,16 +1006,17 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
     </file>
   </example>
  */
-function copy(source, destination) {
+function copy(source, destination, maxDepth) {
   var stackSource = [];
   var stackDest = [];
+  maxDepth = isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth) ? maxDepth : NaN;
 
   if (destination) {
     if (isTypedArray(destination) || isArrayBuffer(destination)) {
-      throw ngMinErr('cpta', "Can't copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.");
+      throw ngMinErr('cpta', 'Can\'t copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.');
     }
     if (source === destination) {
-      throw ngMinErr('cpi', "Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");
+      throw ngMinErr('cpi', 'Can\'t copy! Source and destination are identical.');
     }
 
     // Empty the destination object
@@ -898,35 +1032,39 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 
     stackSource.push(source);
     stackDest.push(destination);
-    return copyRecurse(source, destination);
+    return copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth);
   }
 
-  return copyElement(source);
+  return copyElement(source, maxDepth);
 
-  function copyRecurse(source, destination) {
+  function copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth) {
+    maxDepth--;
+    if (maxDepth < 0) {
+      return '...';
+    }
     var h = destination.$$hashKey;
     var key;
     if (isArray(source)) {
       for (var i = 0, ii = source.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        destination.push(copyElement(source[i]));
+        destination.push(copyElement(source[i], maxDepth));
       }
     } else if (isBlankObject(source)) {
       // createMap() fast path --- Safe to avoid hasOwnProperty check because prototype chain is empty
       for (key in source) {
-        destination[key] = copyElement(source[key]);
+        destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
       }
     } else if (source && typeof source.hasOwnProperty === 'function') {
       // Slow path, which must rely on hasOwnProperty
       for (key in source) {
         if (source.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key]);
+          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
         }
       }
     } else {
       // Slowest path --- hasOwnProperty can't be called as a method
       for (key in source) {
         if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
-          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key]);
+          destination[key] = copyElement(source[key], maxDepth);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -934,7 +1072,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
     return destination;
   }
 
-  function copyElement(source) {
+  function copyElement(source, maxDepth) {
     // Simple values
     if (!isObject(source)) {
       return source;
@@ -948,7 +1086,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 
     if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
       throw ngMinErr('cpws',
-        "Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
+        'Can\'t copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.');
     }
 
     var needsRecurse = false;
@@ -963,7 +1101,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
     stackDest.push(destination);
 
     return needsRecurse
-      ? copyRecurse(source, destination)
+      ? copyRecurse(source, destination, maxDepth)
       : destination;
   }
 
@@ -981,10 +1119,13 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
         return new source.constructor(copyElement(source.buffer), source.byteOffset, source.length);
 
       case '[object ArrayBuffer]':
-        //Support: IE10
+        // Support: IE10
         if (!source.slice) {
+          // If we're in this case we know the environment supports ArrayBuffer
+          /* eslint-disable no-undef */
           var copied = new ArrayBuffer(source.byteLength);
           new Uint8Array(copied).set(new Uint8Array(source));
+          /* eslint-enable */
           return copied;
         }
         return source.slice(0);
@@ -996,7 +1137,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
         return new source.constructor(source.valueOf());
 
       case '[object RegExp]':
-        var re = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^\/]*$/)[0]);
+        var re = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^/]*$/)[0]);
         re.lastIndex = source.lastIndex;
         return re;
 
@@ -1011,6 +1152,10 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 }
 
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+function simpleCompare(a, b) { return a === b || (a !== a && b !== b); }
+
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc function
  * @name angular.equals
@@ -1067,7 +1212,6 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
         angular.module('equalsExample', []).controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
           $scope.user1 = {};
           $scope.user2 = {};
-          $scope.result;
           $scope.compare = function() {
             $scope.result = angular.equals($scope.user1, $scope.user2);
           };
@@ -1078,12 +1222,13 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
 function equals(o1, o2) {
   if (o1 === o2) return true;
   if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
   if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
   var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
-  if (t1 == t2 && t1 == 'object') {
+  if (t1 === t2 && t1 === 'object') {
     if (isArray(o1)) {
       if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
-      if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
+      if ((length = o1.length) === o2.length) {
         for (key = 0; key < length; key++) {
           if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
         }
@@ -1091,10 +1236,10 @@ function equals(o1, o2) {
       }
     } else if (isDate(o1)) {
       if (!isDate(o2)) return false;
-      return equals(o1.getTime(), o2.getTime());
+      return simpleCompare(o1.getTime(), o2.getTime());
     } else if (isRegExp(o1)) {
       if (!isRegExp(o2)) return false;
-      return o1.toString() == o2.toString();
+      return o1.toString() === o2.toString();
     } else {
       if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) ||
         isArray(o2) || isDate(o2) || isRegExp(o2)) return false;
@@ -1142,9 +1287,8 @@ var csp = function() {
 
   function noUnsafeEval() {
     try {
-      /* jshint -W031, -W054 */
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new, no-new-func
       new Function('');
-      /* jshint +W031, +W054 */
       return false;
     } catch (e) {
       return true;
@@ -1165,7 +1309,7 @@ var csp = function() {
  * used to force either jqLite by leaving ng-jq blank or setting the name of
  * the jquery variable under window (eg. jQuery).
  *
- * Since angular looks for this directive when it is loaded (doesn't wait for the
+ * Since AngularJS looks for this directive when it is loaded (doesn't wait for the
  * DOMContentLoaded event), it must be placed on an element that comes before the script
  * which loads angular. Also, only the first instance of `ng-jq` will be used and all
  * others ignored.
@@ -1196,7 +1340,8 @@ var jq = function() {
   var i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length, prefix, name;
   for (i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
     prefix = ngAttrPrefixes[i];
-    if (el = window.document.querySelector('[' + prefix.replace(':', '\\:') + 'jq]')) {
+    el = window.document.querySelector('[' + prefix.replace(':', '\\:') + 'jq]');
+    if (el) {
       name = el.getAttribute(prefix + 'jq');
       break;
     }
@@ -1214,7 +1359,6 @@ function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
 }
 
 
-/* jshint -W101 */
 /**
  * @ngdoc function
  * @name angular.bind
@@ -1232,7 +1376,6 @@ function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
  * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
  * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
  */
-/* jshint +W101 */
 function bind(self, fn) {
   var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
   if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
@@ -1279,9 +1422,9 @@ function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
  *
  * @description
  * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $$ characters will be
- * stripped since angular uses this notation internally.
+ * stripped since AngularJS uses this notation internally.
  *
- * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
+ * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number|boolean} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
  * @param {boolean|number} [pretty=2] If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
  *    If set to an integer, the JSON output will contain that many spaces per indentation.
  * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
@@ -1337,10 +1480,11 @@ function fromJson(json) {
 
 var ALL_COLONS = /:/g;
 function timezoneToOffset(timezone, fallback) {
+  // Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 13-15+
   // IE/Edge do not "understand" colon (`:`) in timezone
   timezone = timezone.replace(ALL_COLONS, '');
   var requestedTimezoneOffset = Date.parse('Jan 01, 1970 00:00:00 ' + timezone) / 60000;
-  return isNaN(requestedTimezoneOffset) ? fallback : requestedTimezoneOffset;
+  return isNumberNaN(requestedTimezoneOffset) ? fallback : requestedTimezoneOffset;
 }
 
 
@@ -1363,18 +1507,13 @@ function convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, reverse) {
  * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
  */
 function startingTag(element) {
-  element = jqLite(element).clone();
-  try {
-    // turns out IE does not let you set .html() on elements which
-    // are not allowed to have children. So we just ignore it.
-    element.empty();
-  } catch (e) {}
-  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div>').append(element).html();
+  element = jqLite(element).clone().empty();
+  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div></div>').append(element).html();
   try {
     return element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
         elemHtml.
           match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
-          replace(/^<([\w\-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) {return '<' + lowercase(nodeName);});
+          replace(/^<([\w-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) {return '<' + lowercase(nodeName);});
   } catch (e) {
     return lowercase(elemHtml);
   }
@@ -1407,7 +1546,7 @@ function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
  */
 function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
   var obj = {};
-  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue) {
+  forEach((keyValue || '').split('&'), function(keyValue) {
     var splitPoint, key, val;
     if (keyValue) {
       key = keyValue = keyValue.replace(/\+/g,'%20');
@@ -1472,7 +1611,7 @@ function encodeUriSegment(val) {
  * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
  * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
  * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
- *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+ *    query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
  *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
  *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
  *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
@@ -1502,6 +1641,58 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
   return null;
 }
 
+function allowAutoBootstrap(document) {
+  var script = document.currentScript;
+
+  if (!script) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11 only
+    // IE does not have `document.currentScript`
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If the `currentScript` property has been clobbered just return false, since this indicates a probable attack
+  if (!(script instanceof window.HTMLScriptElement || script instanceof window.SVGScriptElement)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var attributes = script.attributes;
+  var srcs = [attributes.getNamedItem('src'), attributes.getNamedItem('href'), attributes.getNamedItem('xlink:href')];
+
+  return srcs.every(function(src) {
+    if (!src) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!src.value) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    var link = document.createElement('a');
+    link.href = src.value;
+
+    if (document.location.origin === link.origin) {
+      // Same-origin resources are always allowed, even for banned URL schemes.
+      return true;
+    }
+    // Disabled bootstrapping unless angular.js was loaded from a known scheme used on the web.
+    // This is to prevent angular.js bundled with browser extensions from being used to bypass the
+    // content security policy in web pages and other browser extensions.
+    switch (link.protocol) {
+      case 'http:':
+      case 'https:':
+      case 'ftp:':
+      case 'blob:':
+      case 'file:':
+      case 'data:':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+// Cached as it has to run during loading so that document.currentScript is available.
+var isAutoBootstrapAllowed = allowAutoBootstrap(window.document);
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngApp
@@ -1543,9 +1734,13 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
  * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
  * would not be resolved to `3`.
  *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ### Simple Usage
+ *
  * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common way to bootstrap an application.
  *
- <example module="ngAppDemo">
+ <example module="ngAppDemo" name="ng-app">
    <file name="index.html">
    <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
      I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
@@ -1559,9 +1754,13 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
    </file>
  </example>
  *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ### With `ngStrictDi`
+ *
  * Using `ngStrictDi`, you would see something like this:
  *
- <example ng-app-included="true">
+ <example ng-app-included="true" name="strict-di">
    <file name="index.html">
    <div ng-app="ngAppStrictDemo" ng-strict-di>
        <div ng-controller="GoodController1">
@@ -1610,7 +1809,7 @@ function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
      }])
      .controller('GoodController2', GoodController2);
      function GoodController2($scope) {
-       $scope.name = "World";
+       $scope.name = 'World';
      }
      GoodController2.$inject = ['$scope'];
    </file>
@@ -1660,7 +1859,12 @@ function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
     }
   });
   if (appElement) {
-    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, "strict-di") !== null;
+    if (!isAutoBootstrapAllowed) {
+      window.console.error('AngularJS: disabling automatic bootstrap. <script> protocol indicates ' +
+          'an extension, document.location.href does not match.');
+      return;
+    }
+    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, 'strict-di') !== null;
     bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : [], config);
   }
 }
@@ -1670,14 +1874,14 @@ function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
  * @name angular.bootstrap
  * @module ng
  * @description
- * Use this function to manually start up angular application.
+ * Use this function to manually start up AngularJS application.
  *
  * For more information, see the {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap guide}.
  *
- * Angular will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
+ * AngularJS will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
  * first loaded script to be bootstrapped and will report a warning to the browser console for
  * each of the subsequent scripts. This prevents strange results in applications, where otherwise
- * multiple instances of Angular try to work on the DOM.
+ * multiple instances of AngularJS try to work on the DOM.
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-warning">
  * **Note:** Protractor based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
@@ -1711,7 +1915,7 @@ function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
  * </html>
  * ```
  *
- * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of AngularJS application.
  * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
  *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
  *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
@@ -1738,7 +1942,7 @@ function bootstrap(element, modules, config) {
       // Encode angle brackets to prevent input from being sanitized to empty string #8683.
       throw ngMinErr(
           'btstrpd',
-          "App already bootstrapped with this element '{0}'",
+          'App already bootstrapped with this element \'{0}\'',
           tag.replace(/</,'&lt;').replace(/>/,'&gt;'));
     }
 
@@ -1811,9 +2015,9 @@ function reloadWithDebugInfo() {
  * @name angular.getTestability
  * @module ng
  * @description
- * Get the testability service for the instance of Angular on the given
+ * Get the testability service for the instance of AngularJS on the given
  * element.
- * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of AngularJS application.
  */
 function getTestability(rootElement) {
   var injector = angular.element(rootElement).injector();
@@ -1847,49 +2051,69 @@ function bindJQuery() {
                                  window[jqName];   // use jQuery specified by `ngJq`
 
   // Use jQuery if it exists with proper functionality, otherwise default to us.
-  // Angular 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7+ for on()/off() support.
-  // Angular 1.3+ technically requires at least jQuery 2.1+ but it may work with older
+  // AngularJS 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7+ for on()/off() support.
+  // AngularJS 1.3+ technically requires at least jQuery 2.1+ but it may work with older
   // versions. It will not work for sure with jQuery <1.7, though.
   if (jQuery && jQuery.fn.on) {
     jqLite = jQuery;
     extend(jQuery.fn, {
       scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
       isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
-      controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,
+      controller: /** @type {?} */ (JQLitePrototype).controller,
       injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
       inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
     });
-
-    // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jQuery APIs like .remove()
-    // are passed through jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
-    // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
-    originalCleanData = jQuery.cleanData;
-    jQuery.cleanData = function(elems) {
-      var events;
-      for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
-        events = jQuery._data(elem, "events");
-        if (events && events.$destroy) {
-          jQuery(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
-        }
-      }
-      originalCleanData(elems);
-    };
   } else {
     jqLite = JQLite;
   }
 
+  // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jqLite/jQuery APIs like .remove()
+  // are passed through jqLite/jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
+  // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
+  originalCleanData = jqLite.cleanData;
+  jqLite.cleanData = function(elems) {
+    var events;
+    for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+      events = (jqLite._data(elem) || {}).events;
+      if (events && events.$destroy) {
+        jqLite(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
+      }
+    }
+    originalCleanData(elems);
+  };
+
   angular.element = jqLite;
 
   // Prevent double-proxying.
   bindJQueryFired = true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Restores the pre-1.8 behavior of jqLite that turns XHTML-like strings like
+ * `<div /><span />` to `<div></div><span></span>` instead of `<div><span></span></div>`.
+ * The new behavior is a security fix. Thus, if you need to call this function, please try to adjust
+ * your code for this change and remove your use of this function as soon as possible.
+
+ * Note that this only patches jqLite. If you use jQuery 3.5.0 or newer, please read the
+ * [jQuery 3.5 upgrade guide](https://jquery.com/upgrade-guide/3.5/) for more details
+ * about the workarounds.
+ */
+function UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement() {
+  JQLite.legacyXHTMLReplacement = true;
+}
+
 /**
  * throw error if the argument is falsy.
  */
 function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
   if (!arg) {
-    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
+    throw ngMinErr('areq', 'Argument \'{0}\' is {1}', (name || '?'), (reason || 'required'));
   }
   return arg;
 }
@@ -1911,7 +2135,7 @@ function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
  */
 function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
   if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
-    throw ngMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name", context);
+    throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1981,6 +2205,27 @@ function createMap() {
   return Object.create(null);
 }
 
+function stringify(value) {
+  if (value == null) { // null || undefined
+    return '';
+  }
+  switch (typeof value) {
+    case 'string':
+      break;
+    case 'number':
+      value = '' + value;
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (hasCustomToString(value) && !isArray(value) && !isDate(value)) {
+        value = value.toString();
+      } else {
+        value = toJson(value);
+      }
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
 var NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT = 1;
 var NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = 2;
 var NODE_TYPE_TEXT = 3;
@@ -1994,7 +2239,7 @@ var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT = 11;
  * @module ng
  * @description
  *
- * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
+ * Interface for configuring AngularJS {@link angular.module modules}.
  */
 
 function setupModuleLoader(window) {
@@ -2021,9 +2266,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
      * @module ng
      * @description
      *
-     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
+     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving AngularJS
      * modules.
-     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
+     * All modules (AngularJS core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
      * registered using this mechanism.
      *
      * Passing one argument retrieves an existing {@link angular.Module},
@@ -2067,6 +2312,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
      * @returns {angular.Module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
      */
     return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
+
+      var info = {};
+
       var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
         if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
           throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
@@ -2079,9 +2327,9 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
       }
       return ensure(modules, name, function() {
         if (!requires) {
-          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
-             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
-             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
+          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', 'Module \'{0}\' is not available! You either misspelled ' +
+             'the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you ' +
+             'specify the dependencies as the second argument.', name);
         }
 
         /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
@@ -2102,6 +2350,45 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
           _configBlocks: configBlocks,
           _runBlocks: runBlocks,
 
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#info
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @param {Object=} info Information about the module
+           * @returns {Object|Module} The current info object for this module if called as a getter,
+           *                          or `this` if called as a setter.
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Read and write custom information about this module.
+           * For example you could put the version of the module in here.
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * angular.module('myModule', []).info({ version: '1.0.0' });
+           * ```
+           *
+           * The version could then be read back out by accessing the module elsewhere:
+           *
+           * ```
+           * var version = angular.module('myModule').info().version;
+           * ```
+           *
+           * You can also retrieve this information during runtime via the
+           * {@link $injector#modules `$injector.modules`} property:
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * var version = $injector.modules['myModule'].info().version;
+           * ```
+           */
+          info: function(value) {
+            if (isDefined(value)) {
+              if (!isObject(value)) throw ngMinErr('aobj', 'Argument \'{0}\' must be an object', 'value');
+              info = value;
+              return this;
+            }
+            return info;
+          },
+
           /**
            * @ngdoc property
            * @name angular.Module#requires
@@ -2191,7 +2478,7 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @description
            * See {@link auto.$provide#decorator $provide.decorator()}.
            */
-          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator'),
+          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator', configBlocks),
 
           /**
            * @ngdoc method
@@ -2231,13 +2518,13 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @ngdoc method
            * @name angular.Module#filter
            * @module ng
-           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid angular expression identifier
+           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid AngularJS expression identifier
            * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
            * @description
            * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
            *
            * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
            * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
            * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
            * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
@@ -2274,7 +2561,8 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @ngdoc method
            * @name angular.Module#component
            * @module ng
-           * @param {string} name Name of the component in camel-case (i.e. myComp which will match as my-comp)
+           * @param {string|Object} name Name of the component in camelCase (i.e. `myComp` which will match `<my-comp>`),
+           *    or an object map of components where the keys are the names and the values are the component definition objects.
            * @param {Object} options Component definition object (a simplified
            *    {@link ng.$compile#directive-definition-object directive definition object})
            *
@@ -2290,7 +2578,13 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
            * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
            *    configuration.
            * @description
-           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
+           * Use this method to configure services by injecting their
+           * {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`}, e.g. for adding routes to the
+           * {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider $routeProvider}.
+           *
+           * Note that you can only inject {@link angular.Module#provider `providers`} and
+           * {@link angular.Module#constant `constants`} into this function.
+           *
            * For more about how to configure services, see
            * {@link providers#provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
            */
@@ -2337,10 +2631,11 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
          * @param {string} method
          * @returns {angular.Module}
          */
-        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method) {
+        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method, queue) {
+          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
           return function(recipeName, factoryFunction) {
             if (factoryFunction && isFunction(factoryFunction)) factoryFunction.$$moduleName = name;
-            invokeQueue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
+            queue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
             return moduleInstance;
           };
         }
@@ -2377,11 +2672,19 @@ function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
   return dst || src;
 }
 
-/* global toDebugString: true */
+/* exported toDebugString */
 
-function serializeObject(obj) {
+function serializeObject(obj, maxDepth) {
   var seen = [];
 
+  // There is no direct way to stringify object until reaching a specific depth
+  // and a very deep object can cause a performance issue, so we copy the object
+  // based on this specific depth and then stringify it.
+  if (isValidObjectMaxDepth(maxDepth)) {
+    // This file is also included in `angular-loader`, so `copy()` might not always be available in
+    // the closure. Therefore, it is lazily retrieved as `angular.copy()` when needed.
+    obj = angular.copy(obj, null, maxDepth);
+  }
   return JSON.stringify(obj, function(key, val) {
     val = toJsonReplacer(key, val);
     if (isObject(val)) {
@@ -2394,13 +2697,13 @@ function serializeObject(obj) {
   });
 }
 
-function toDebugString(obj) {
+function toDebugString(obj, maxDepth) {
   if (typeof obj === 'function') {
     return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
   } else if (isUndefined(obj)) {
     return 'undefined';
   } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
-    return serializeObject(obj);
+    return serializeObject(obj, maxDepth);
   }
   return obj;
 }
@@ -2412,11 +2715,10 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
 
   htmlAnchorDirective,
   inputDirective,
-  inputDirective,
+  hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective,
   formDirective,
   scriptDirective,
   selectDirective,
-  styleDirective,
   optionDirective,
   ngBindDirective,
   ngBindHtmlDirective,
@@ -2434,6 +2736,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   ngInitDirective,
   ngNonBindableDirective,
   ngPluralizeDirective,
+  ngRefDirective,
   ngRepeatDirective,
   ngShowDirective,
   ngStyleDirective,
@@ -2470,12 +2773,13 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   $ControllerProvider,
   $DateProvider,
   $DocumentProvider,
+  $$IsDocumentHiddenProvider,
   $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
   $FilterProvider,
   $$ForceReflowProvider,
   $InterpolateProvider,
+  $$IntervalFactoryProvider,
   $IntervalProvider,
-  $$HashMapProvider,
   $HttpProvider,
   $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
   $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
@@ -2484,6 +2788,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   $jsonpCallbacksProvider,
   $LocationProvider,
   $LogProvider,
+  $$MapProvider,
   $ParseProvider,
   $RootScopeProvider,
   $QProvider,
@@ -2492,6 +2797,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   $SceProvider,
   $SceDelegateProvider,
   $SnifferProvider,
+  $$TaskTrackerFactoryProvider,
   $TemplateCacheProvider,
   $TemplateRequestProvider,
   $$TestabilityProvider,
@@ -2519,16 +2825,19 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
  * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
  */
 var version = {
-  full: '1.5.8',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
-  major: 1,    // package task
-  minor: 5,
-  dot: 8,
-  codeName: 'arbitrary-fallbacks'
+  // These placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's `build` task.
+  // They need to be double- or single-quoted.
+  full: '1.8.2',
+  major: '1',
+  minor: '8',
+  dot: '2',
+  codeName: 'meteoric-mining'
 };
 
 
 function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
   extend(angular, {
+    'errorHandlingConfig': errorHandlingConfig,
     'bootstrap': bootstrap,
     'copy': copy,
     'extend': extend,
@@ -2552,13 +2861,17 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
     'isArray': isArray,
     'version': version,
     'isDate': isDate,
-    'lowercase': lowercase,
-    'uppercase': uppercase,
     'callbacks': {$$counter: 0},
     'getTestability': getTestability,
+    'reloadWithDebugInfo': reloadWithDebugInfo,
+    'UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement': UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement,
     '$$minErr': minErr,
     '$$csp': csp,
-    'reloadWithDebugInfo': reloadWithDebugInfo
+    '$$encodeUriSegment': encodeUriSegment,
+    '$$encodeUriQuery': encodeUriQuery,
+    '$$lowercase': lowercase,
+    '$$stringify': stringify,
+    '$$uppercase': uppercase
   });
 
   angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
@@ -2577,7 +2890,6 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
             form: formDirective,
             script: scriptDirective,
             select: selectDirective,
-            style: styleDirective,
             option: optionDirective,
             ngBind: ngBindDirective,
             ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
@@ -2594,6 +2906,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
             ngInit: ngInitDirective,
             ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
             ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
+            ngRef: ngRefDirective,
             ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
             ngShow: ngShowDirective,
             ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
@@ -2617,7 +2930,8 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
             ngModelOptions: ngModelOptionsDirective
         }).
         directive({
-          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
+          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
+          input: hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective
         }).
         directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
         directive(ngEventDirectives);
@@ -2633,11 +2947,13 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
         $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
         $controller: $ControllerProvider,
         $document: $DocumentProvider,
+        $$isDocumentHidden: $$IsDocumentHiddenProvider,
         $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
         $filter: $FilterProvider,
         $$forceReflow: $$ForceReflowProvider,
         $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
         $interval: $IntervalProvider,
+        $$intervalFactory: $$IntervalFactoryProvider,
         $http: $HttpProvider,
         $httpParamSerializer: $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
         $httpParamSerializerJQLike: $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
@@ -2653,6 +2969,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
         $sce: $SceProvider,
         $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
         $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
+        $$taskTrackerFactory: $$TaskTrackerFactoryProvider,
         $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
         $templateRequest: $TemplateRequestProvider,
         $$testability: $$TestabilityProvider,
@@ -2660,7 +2977,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
         $window: $WindowProvider,
         $$rAF: $$RAFProvider,
         $$jqLite: $$jqLiteProvider,
-        $$HashMap: $$HashMapProvider,
+        $$Map: $$MapProvider,
         $$cookieReader: $$CookieReaderProvider
       });
     }
@@ -2678,11 +2995,10 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-/* global JQLitePrototype: true,
-  addEventListenerFn: true,
-  removeEventListenerFn: true,
+/* global
+  JQLitePrototype: true,
   BOOLEAN_ATTR: true,
-  ALIASED_ATTR: true,
+  ALIASED_ATTR: true
 */
 
 //////////////////////////////////
@@ -2700,31 +3016,32 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  *
  * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
  * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
- * delegates to Angular's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or **jqLite**.
+ * delegates to AngularJS's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or **jqLite**.
  *
  * jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
- * Angular to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. jqLite implements only the most
+ * AngularJS to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. jqLite implements only the most
  * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.
  *
  * To use `jQuery`, simply ensure it is loaded before the `angular.js` file. You can also use the
  * {@link ngJq `ngJq`} directive to specify that jqlite should be used over jQuery, or to use a
  * specific version of jQuery if multiple versions exist on the page.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">**Note:** All element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">**Note:** All element references in AngularJS are always wrapped with jQuery or
  * jqLite (such as the element argument in a directive's compile / link function). They are never raw DOM references.</div>
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-warning">**Note:** Keep in mind that this function will not find elements
  * by tag name / CSS selector. For lookups by tag name, try instead `angular.element(document).find(...)`
  * or `$document.find()`, or use the standard DOM APIs, e.g. `document.querySelectorAll()`.</div>
  *
- * ## Angular's jqLite
+ * ## AngularJS's jqLite
  * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
  *
  * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
- * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
+ * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/) - Contrary to jQuery, this doesn't clone elements
+ *   so will not work correctly when invoked on a jqLite object containing more than one DOM node
  * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/) - Does not support functions as parameters
- * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) (_deprecated_, use [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/)) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
  * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
  * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
  * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
@@ -2744,21 +3061,31 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
  * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
  * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
- * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
+ * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/) (_deprecated_, use `angular.element(callback)` instead of `angular.element(document).ready(callback)`)
  * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
- * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
+ * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/) - Does not support multiple attributes
  * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
  * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
  * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
  * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers
- * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) - Does not support namespaces or event object as parameter
+ * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) (_deprecated_, use [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/)) - Does not support namespaces or event object as parameter
  * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
  * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
  *
+ * jqLite also provides a method restoring pre-1.8 insecure treatment of XHTML-like tags.
+ * This legacy behavior turns input like `<div /><span />` to `<div></div><span></span>`
+ * instead of `<div><span></span></div>` like version 1.8 & newer do. To restore it, invoke:
+ * ```js
+ * angular.UNSAFE_restoreLegacyJqLiteXHTMLReplacement();
+ * ```
+ * Note that this only patches jqLite. If you use jQuery 3.5.0 or newer, please read the
+ * [jQuery 3.5 upgrade guide](https://jquery.com/upgrade-guide/3.5/) for more details
+ * about the workarounds.
+ *
  * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
- * Angular also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
+ * AngularJS also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
  *
  * ### Events
  * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
@@ -2791,13 +3118,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
 JQLite.expando = 'ng339';
 
 var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
-    jqId = 1,
-    addEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
-      element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
-    },
-    removeEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
-      element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false);
-    };
+    jqId = 1;
 
 /*
  * !!! This is an undocumented "private" function !!!
@@ -2810,22 +3131,31 @@ JQLite._data = function(node) {
 function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }
 
 
-var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /([\:\-\_]+(.))/g;
-var MOZ_HACK_REGEXP = /^moz([A-Z])/;
-var MOUSE_EVENT_MAP= { mouseleave: "mouseout", mouseenter: "mouseover"};
+var DASH_LOWERCASE_REGEXP = /-([a-z])/g;
+var MS_HACK_REGEXP = /^-ms-/;
+var MOUSE_EVENT_MAP = { mouseleave: 'mouseout', mouseenter: 'mouseover' };
 var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');
 
 /**
- * Converts snake_case to camelCase.
- * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+ * Converts kebab-case to camelCase.
+ * There is also a special case for the ms prefix starting with a lowercase letter.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function cssKebabToCamel(name) {
+    return kebabToCamel(name.replace(MS_HACK_REGEXP, 'ms-'));
+}
+
+function fnCamelCaseReplace(all, letter) {
+  return letter.toUpperCase();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts kebab-case to camelCase.
  * @param name Name to normalize
  */
-function camelCase(name) {
-  return name.
-    replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, separator, letter, offset) {
-      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
-    }).
-    replace(MOZ_HACK_REGEXP, 'Moz$1');
+function kebabToCamel(name) {
+  return name
+    .replace(DASH_LOWERCASE_REGEXP, fnCamelCaseReplace);
 }
 
 var SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP = /^<([\w-]+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/;
@@ -2833,20 +3163,36 @@ var HTML_REGEXP = /<|&#?\w+;/;
 var TAG_NAME_REGEXP = /<([\w:-]+)/;
 var XHTML_TAG_REGEXP = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:-]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi;
 
+// Table parts need to be wrapped with `<table>` or they're
+// stripped to their contents when put in a div.
+// XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the
+// same way that tag soup parsers do, so we cannot shorten
+// this by omitting <tbody> or other required elements.
 var wrapMap = {
-  'option': [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],
-
-  'thead': [1, '<table>', '</table>'],
-  'col': [2, '<table><colgroup>', '</colgroup></table>'],
-  'tr': [2, '<table><tbody>', '</tbody></table>'],
-  'td': [3, '<table><tbody><tr>', '</tr></tbody></table>'],
-  '_default': [0, "", ""]
+  thead: ['table'],
+  col: ['colgroup', 'table'],
+  tr: ['tbody', 'table'],
+  td: ['tr', 'tbody', 'table']
 };
 
-wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
 wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
 wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
 
+// Support: IE <10 only
+// IE 9 requires an option wrapper & it needs to have the whole table structure
+// set up in advance; assigning `"<td></td>"` to `tr.innerHTML` doesn't work, etc.
+var wrapMapIE9 = {
+  option: [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],
+  _default: [0, '', '']
+};
+
+for (var key in wrapMap) {
+  var wrapMapValueClosing = wrapMap[key];
+  var wrapMapValue = wrapMapValueClosing.slice().reverse();
+  wrapMapIE9[key] = [wrapMapValue.length, '<' + wrapMapValue.join('><') + '>', '</' + wrapMapValueClosing.join('></') + '>'];
+}
+
+wrapMapIE9.optgroup = wrapMapIE9.option;
 
 function jqLiteIsTextNode(html) {
   return !HTML_REGEXP.test(html);
@@ -2866,14 +3212,8 @@ function jqLiteHasData(node) {
   return false;
 }
 
-function jqLiteCleanData(nodes) {
-  for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
-    jqLiteRemoveData(nodes[i]);
-  }
-}
-
 function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
-  var tmp, tag, wrap,
+  var tmp, tag, wrap, finalHtml,
       fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
       nodes = [], i;
 
@@ -2882,26 +3222,43 @@ function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
     nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
   } else {
     // Convert html into DOM nodes
-    tmp = fragment.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
-    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
-    wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
-    tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];
+    tmp = fragment.appendChild(context.createElement('div'));
+    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ['', ''])[1].toLowerCase();
+    finalHtml = JQLite.legacyXHTMLReplacement ?
+      html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, '<$1></$2>') :
+      html;
 
-    // Descend through wrappers to the right content
-    i = wrap[0];
-    while (i--) {
-      tmp = tmp.lastChild;
+    if (msie < 10) {
+      wrap = wrapMapIE9[tag] || wrapMapIE9._default;
+      tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + finalHtml + wrap[2];
+
+      // Descend through wrappers to the right content
+      i = wrap[0];
+      while (i--) {
+        tmp = tmp.firstChild;
+      }
+    } else {
+      wrap = wrapMap[tag] || [];
+
+      // Create wrappers & descend into them
+      i = wrap.length;
+      while (--i > -1) {
+        tmp.appendChild(window.document.createElement(wrap[i]));
+        tmp = tmp.firstChild;
+      }
+
+      tmp.innerHTML = finalHtml;
     }
 
     nodes = concat(nodes, tmp.childNodes);
 
     tmp = fragment.firstChild;
-    tmp.textContent = "";
+    tmp.textContent = '';
   }
 
   // Remove wrapper from fragment
-  fragment.textContent = "";
-  fragment.innerHTML = ""; // Clear inner HTML
+  fragment.textContent = '';
+  fragment.innerHTML = ''; // Clear inner HTML
   forEach(nodes, function(node) {
     fragment.appendChild(node);
   });
@@ -2936,10 +3293,9 @@ function jqLiteWrapNode(node, wrapper) {
 
 
 // IE9-11 has no method "contains" in SVG element and in Node.prototype. Bug #10259.
-var jqLiteContains = window.Node.prototype.contains || function(arg) {
-  // jshint bitwise: false
+var jqLiteContains = window.Node.prototype.contains || /** @this */ function(arg) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
   return !!(this.compareDocumentPosition(arg) & 16);
-  // jshint bitwise: true
 };
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -2955,7 +3311,7 @@ function JQLite(element) {
     argIsString = true;
   }
   if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
-    if (argIsString && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
+    if (argIsString && element.charAt(0) !== '<') {
       throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
     }
     return new JQLite(element);
@@ -2963,6 +3319,8 @@ function JQLite(element) {
 
   if (argIsString) {
     jqLiteAddNodes(this, jqLiteParseHTML(element));
+  } else if (isFunction(element)) {
+    jqLiteReady(element);
   } else {
     jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
   }
@@ -2973,13 +3331,32 @@ function jqLiteClone(element) {
 }
 
 function jqLiteDealoc(element, onlyDescendants) {
-  if (!onlyDescendants) jqLiteRemoveData(element);
+  if (!onlyDescendants && jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) jqLite.cleanData([element]);
 
   if (element.querySelectorAll) {
-    var descendants = element.querySelectorAll('*');
-    for (var i = 0, l = descendants.length; i < l; i++) {
-      jqLiteRemoveData(descendants[i]);
-    }
+    jqLite.cleanData(element.querySelectorAll('*'));
+  }
+}
+
+function isEmptyObject(obj) {
+  var name;
+
+  for (name in obj) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+function removeIfEmptyData(element) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339;
+  var expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+  var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
+
+  if ((!data || isEmptyObject(data)) && (!events || isEmptyObject(events))) {
+    delete jqCache[expandoId];
+    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
   }
 }
 
@@ -2995,7 +3372,7 @@ function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
   if (!type) {
     for (type in events) {
       if (type !== '$destroy') {
-        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+        element.removeEventListener(type, handle);
       }
       delete events[type];
     }
@@ -3007,7 +3384,7 @@ function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
         arrayRemove(listenerFns || [], fn);
       }
       if (!(isDefined(fn) && listenerFns && listenerFns.length > 0)) {
-        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+        element.removeEventListener(type, handle);
         delete events[type];
       }
     };
@@ -3019,6 +3396,8 @@ function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
       }
     });
   }
+
+  removeIfEmptyData(element);
 }
 
 function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
@@ -3028,17 +3407,11 @@ function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
   if (expandoStore) {
     if (name) {
       delete expandoStore.data[name];
-      return;
+    } else {
+      expandoStore.data = {};
     }
 
-    if (expandoStore.handle) {
-      if (expandoStore.events.$destroy) {
-        expandoStore.handle({}, '$destroy');
-      }
-      jqLiteOff(element);
-    }
-    delete jqCache[expandoId];
-    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
+    removeIfEmptyData(element);
   }
 }
 
@@ -3058,6 +3431,7 @@ function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, createIfNecessary) {
 
 function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
   if (jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+    var prop;
 
     var isSimpleSetter = isDefined(value);
     var isSimpleGetter = !isSimpleSetter && key && !isObject(key);
@@ -3066,16 +3440,18 @@ function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
     var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
 
     if (isSimpleSetter) { // data('key', value)
-      data[key] = value;
+      data[kebabToCamel(key)] = value;
     } else {
       if (massGetter) {  // data()
         return data;
       } else {
         if (isSimpleGetter) { // data('key')
           // don't force creation of expandoStore if it doesn't exist yet
-          return data && data[key];
+          return data && data[kebabToCamel(key)];
         } else { // mass-setter: data({key1: val1, key2: val2})
-          extend(data, key);
+          for (prop in key) {
+            data[kebabToCamel(prop)] = key[prop];
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -3084,35 +3460,43 @@ function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
 
 function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
   if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
-  return ((" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
-      indexOf(" " + selector + " ") > -1);
+  return ((' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ').replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ').
+      indexOf(' ' + selector + ' ') > -1);
 }
 
 function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
   if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ');
+    var newClasses = existingClasses;
+
     forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
-      element.setAttribute('class', trim(
-          (" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
-          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
-          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " "))
-      );
+      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
+      newClasses = newClasses.replace(' ' + cssClass + ' ', ' ');
     });
+
+    if (newClasses !== existingClasses) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(newClasses));
+    }
   }
 }
 
 function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
   if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
     var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
-                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, ' ');
+    var newClasses = existingClasses;
 
     forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
       cssClass = trim(cssClass);
-      if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
-        existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
+      if (newClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
+        newClasses += cssClass + ' ';
       }
     });
 
-    element.setAttribute('class', trim(existingClasses));
+    if (newClasses !== existingClasses) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(newClasses));
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -3150,7 +3534,7 @@ function jqLiteController(element, name) {
 function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
   // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
   // this makes $(document).scope() possible
-  if (element.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
+  if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
     element = element.documentElement;
   }
   var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];
@@ -3194,30 +3578,32 @@ function jqLiteDocumentLoaded(action, win) {
   }
 }
 
+function jqLiteReady(fn) {
+  function trigger() {
+    window.document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', trigger);
+    window.removeEventListener('load', trigger);
+    fn();
+  }
+
+  // check if document is already loaded
+  if (window.document.readyState === 'complete') {
+    window.setTimeout(fn);
+  } else {
+    // We can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
+
+    // Works for modern browsers and IE9
+    window.document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', trigger);
+
+    // Fallback to window.onload for others
+    window.addEventListener('load', trigger);
+  }
+}
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////
 // Functions which are declared directly.
 //////////////////////////////////////////
 var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
-  ready: function(fn) {
-    var fired = false;
-
-    function trigger() {
-      if (fired) return;
-      fired = true;
-      fn();
-    }
-
-    // check if document is already loaded
-    if (window.document.readyState === 'complete') {
-      window.setTimeout(trigger);
-    } else {
-      this.on('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
-      // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
-      // jshint -W064
-      JQLite(window).on('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
-      // jshint +W064
-    }
-  },
+  ready: jqLiteReady,
   toString: function() {
     var value = [];
     forEach(this, function(e) { value.push('' + e);});
@@ -3252,7 +3638,8 @@ var ALIASED_ATTR = {
   'ngMaxlength': 'maxlength',
   'ngMin': 'min',
   'ngMax': 'max',
-  'ngPattern': 'pattern'
+  'ngPattern': 'pattern',
+  'ngStep': 'step'
 };
 
 function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
@@ -3271,7 +3658,12 @@ forEach({
   data: jqLiteData,
   removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
   hasData: jqLiteHasData,
-  cleanData: jqLiteCleanData
+  cleanData: function jqLiteCleanData(nodes) {
+    for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      jqLiteRemoveData(nodes[i]);
+      jqLiteOff(nodes[i]);
+    }
+  }
 }, function(fn, name) {
   JQLite[name] = fn;
 });
@@ -3303,7 +3695,7 @@ forEach({
   hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,
 
   css: function(element, name, value) {
-    name = camelCase(name);
+    name = cssKebabToCamel(name);
 
     if (isDefined(value)) {
       element.style[name] = value;
@@ -3313,33 +3705,33 @@ forEach({
   },
 
   attr: function(element, name, value) {
+    var ret;
     var nodeType = element.nodeType;
-    if (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+    if (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT ||
+      !element.getAttribute) {
       return;
     }
+
     var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
-    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
-      if (isDefined(value)) {
-        if (!!value) {
-          element[name] = true;
-          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
-        } else {
-          element[name] = false;
-          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
-        }
+    var isBooleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName];
+
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      // setter
+
+      if (value === null || (value === false && isBooleanAttr)) {
+        element.removeAttribute(name);
       } else {
-        return (element[name] ||
-                 (element.attributes.getNamedItem(name) || noop).specified)
-               ? lowercasedName
-               : undefined;
-      }
-    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
-      element.setAttribute(name, value);
-    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
-      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
-      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
-      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
-      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
+        element.setAttribute(name, isBooleanAttr ? lowercasedName : value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // getter
+
+      ret = element.getAttribute(name);
+
+      if (isBooleanAttr && ret !== null) {
+        ret = lowercasedName;
+      }
+      // Normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery).
       return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
     }
   },
@@ -3374,7 +3766,7 @@ forEach({
             result.push(option.value || option.text);
           }
         });
-        return result.length === 0 ? null : result;
+        return result;
       }
       return element.value;
     }
@@ -3402,7 +3794,7 @@ forEach({
     // in a way that survives minification.
     // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
     if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
-        (isUndefined((fn.length == 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2))) {
+        (isUndefined((fn.length === 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2))) {
       if (isObject(arg1)) {
 
         // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
@@ -3544,7 +3936,7 @@ forEach({
         eventFns = events[type] = [];
         eventFns.specialHandlerWrapper = specialHandlerWrapper;
         if (type !== '$destroy' && !noEventListener) {
-          addEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+          element.addEventListener(type, handle);
         }
       }
 
@@ -3637,12 +4029,15 @@ forEach({
 
   after: function(element, newElement) {
     var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
-    newElement = new JQLite(newElement);
 
-    for (var i = 0, ii = newElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
-      var node = newElement[i];
-      parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
-      index = node;
+    if (parent) {
+      newElement = new JQLite(newElement);
+
+      for (var i = 0, ii = newElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var node = newElement[i];
+        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+        index = node;
+      }
     }
   },
 
@@ -3736,14 +4131,15 @@ forEach({
     }
     return isDefined(value) ? value : this;
   };
-
-  // bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
-  JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
-  JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
 });
 
+// bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
+JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
+JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
+
 
 // Provider for private $$jqLite service
+/** @this */
 function $$jqLiteProvider() {
   this.$get = function $$jqLite() {
     return extend(JQLite, {
@@ -3786,7 +4182,7 @@ function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
   }
 
   var objType = typeof obj;
-  if (objType == 'function' || (objType == 'object' && obj !== null)) {
+  if (objType === 'function' || (objType === 'object' && obj !== null)) {
     key = obj.$$hashKey = objType + ':' + (nextUidFn || nextUid)();
   } else {
     key = objType + ':' + obj;
@@ -3795,50 +4191,74 @@ function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
   return key;
 }
 
-/**
- * HashMap which can use objects as keys
- */
-function HashMap(array, isolatedUid) {
-  if (isolatedUid) {
-    var uid = 0;
-    this.nextUid = function() {
-      return ++uid;
-    };
-  }
-  forEach(array, this.put, this);
+// A minimal ES2015 Map implementation.
+// Should be bug/feature equivalent to the native implementations of supported browsers
+// (for the features required in Angular).
+// See https://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es6/#test-Map
+var nanKey = Object.create(null);
+function NgMapShim() {
+  this._keys = [];
+  this._values = [];
+  this._lastKey = NaN;
+  this._lastIndex = -1;
 }
-HashMap.prototype = {
-  /**
-   * Store key value pair
-   * @param key key to store can be any type
-   * @param value value to store can be any type
-   */
-  put: function(key, value) {
-    this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)] = value;
+NgMapShim.prototype = {
+  _idx: function(key) {
+    if (key !== this._lastKey) {
+      this._lastKey = key;
+      this._lastIndex = this._keys.indexOf(key);
+    }
+    return this._lastIndex;
+  },
+  _transformKey: function(key) {
+    return isNumberNaN(key) ? nanKey : key;
   },
-
-  /**
-   * @param key
-   * @returns {Object} the value for the key
-   */
   get: function(key) {
-    return this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx !== -1) {
+      return this._values[idx];
+    }
   },
+  has: function(key) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    return idx !== -1;
+  },
+  set: function(key, value) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx === -1) {
+      idx = this._lastIndex = this._keys.length;
+    }
+    this._keys[idx] = key;
+    this._values[idx] = value;
 
-  /**
-   * Remove the key/value pair
-   * @param key
-   */
-  remove: function(key) {
-    var value = this[key = hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
-    delete this[key];
-    return value;
+    // Support: IE11
+    // Do not `return this` to simulate the partial IE11 implementation
+  },
+  delete: function(key) {
+    key = this._transformKey(key);
+    var idx = this._idx(key);
+    if (idx === -1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this._keys.splice(idx, 1);
+    this._values.splice(idx, 1);
+    this._lastKey = NaN;
+    this._lastIndex = -1;
+    return true;
   }
 };
 
-var $$HashMapProvider = [function() {
+// For now, always use `NgMapShim`, even if `window.Map` is available. Some native implementations
+// are still buggy (often in subtle ways) and can cause hard-to-debug failures. When native `Map`
+// implementations get more stable, we can reconsider switching to `window.Map` (when available).
+var NgMap = NgMapShim;
+
+var $$MapProvider = [/** @this */function() {
   this.$get = [function() {
-    return HashMap;
+    return NgMap;
   }];
 }];
 
@@ -3872,8 +4292,8 @@ var $$HashMapProvider = [function() {
  *   });
  * ```
  *
- * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running Angular app
- * from outside Angular. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
+ * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running AngularJS app
+ * from outside AngularJS. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
  * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using the extra `injector()` added
  * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
  *
@@ -3905,19 +4325,15 @@ var $$HashMapProvider = [function() {
  * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
  */
 
-var ARROW_ARG = /^([^\(]+?)=>/;
-var FN_ARGS = /^[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
+var ARROW_ARG = /^([^(]+?)=>/;
+var FN_ARGS = /^[^(]*\(\s*([^)]*)\)/m;
 var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
 var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
 var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
 var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
 
 function stringifyFn(fn) {
-  // Support: Chrome 50-51 only
-  // Creating a new string by adding `' '` at the end, to hack around some bug in Chrome v50/51
-  // (See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14487.)
-  // TODO (gkalpak): Remove workaround when Chrome v52 is released
-  return Function.prototype.toString.call(fn) + ' ';
+  return Function.prototype.toString.call(fn);
 }
 
 function extractArgs(fn) {
@@ -3993,7 +4409,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *   })).toBe($injector);
  * ```
  *
- * # Injection Function Annotation
+ * ## Injection Function Annotation
  *
  * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
  * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
@@ -4011,7 +4427,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
  * ```
  *
- * ## Inference
+ * ### Inference
  *
  * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
  * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. This method of discovering
@@ -4019,13 +4435,35 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * *NOTE:* This does not work with minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the
  * argument names.
  *
- * ## `$inject` Annotation
+ * ### `$inject` Annotation
  * By adding an `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
  *
- * ## Inline
+ * ### Inline
  * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
  */
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name $injector#modules
+ * @type {Object}
+ * @description
+ * A hash containing all the modules that have been loaded into the
+ * $injector.
+ *
+ * You can use this property to find out information about a module via the
+ * {@link angular.Module#info `myModule.info(...)`} method.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var info = $injector.modules['ngAnimate'].info();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Do not use this property to attempt to modify the modules after the application
+ * has been bootstrapped.**
+ */
+
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc method
  * @name $injector#get
@@ -4088,7 +4526,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
  * dependencies.
  *
- * # Argument names
+ * #### Argument names
  *
  * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
  * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
@@ -4108,7 +4546,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
  * annotation strategies are supported.
  *
- * # The `$inject` property
+ * #### The `$inject` property
  *
  * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
  * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
@@ -4124,7 +4562,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
  * ```
  *
- * # The array notation
+ * #### The array notation
  *
  * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
  * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
@@ -4161,8 +4599,45 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *
  * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
  */
-
-
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#loadNewModules
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * **This is a dangerous API, which you use at your own risk!**
+ *
+ * Add the specified modules to the current injector.
+ *
+ * This method will add each of the injectables to the injector and execute all of the config and run
+ * blocks for each module passed to the method.
+ *
+ * If a module has already been loaded into the injector then it will not be loaded again.
+ *
+ * * The application developer is responsible for loading the code containing the modules; and for
+ * ensuring that lazy scripts are not downloaded and executed more often that desired.
+ * * Previously compiled HTML will not be affected by newly loaded directives, filters and components.
+ * * Modules cannot be unloaded.
+ *
+ * You can use {@link $injector#modules `$injector.modules`} to check whether a module has been loaded
+ * into the injector, which may indicate whether the script has been executed already.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of loading a bundle of modules, with a utility method called `getScript`:
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * app.factory('loadModule', function($injector) {
+ *   return function loadModule(moduleName, bundleUrl) {
+ *     return getScript(bundleUrl).then(function() { $injector.loadNewModules([moduleName]); });
+ *   };
+ * })
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} mods an array of modules to load into the application.
+ *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
+ *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
+ *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
+ */
 
 
 /**
@@ -4175,7 +4650,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
  * {@link angular.Module}.
  *
- * An Angular **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
+ * An AngularJS **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
  * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
  * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
  * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
@@ -4227,6 +4702,9 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
  * console or not.
  *
+ * It is possible to inject other providers into the provider function,
+ * but the injected provider must have been defined before the one that requires it.
+ *
  * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
                         'Provider'` key.
  * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
@@ -4403,7 +4881,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *
  * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
  * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
- * an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ * an AngularJS {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
  *
  * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
  * @param {*} value The value.
@@ -4434,7 +4912,7 @@ function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  *
  * But unlike {@link auto.$provide#value value}, a constant can be
  * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
- * be overridden by an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ * be overridden by an AngularJS {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
  *
  * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
  * @param {*} value The constant value.
@@ -4492,7 +4970,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
   var INSTANTIATING = {},
       providerSuffix = 'Provider',
       path = [],
-      loadedModules = new HashMap([], true),
+      loadedModules = new NgMap(),
       providerCache = {
         $provide: {
             provider: supportObject(provider),
@@ -4508,7 +4986,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
             if (angular.isString(caller)) {
               path.push(caller);
             }
-            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', "Unknown provider: {0}", path.join(' <- '));
+            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', 'Unknown provider: {0}', path.join(' <- '));
           })),
       instanceCache = {},
       protoInstanceInjector =
@@ -4520,11 +4998,17 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
       instanceInjector = protoInstanceInjector;
 
   providerCache['$injector' + providerSuffix] = { $get: valueFn(protoInstanceInjector) };
+  instanceInjector.modules = providerInjector.modules = createMap();
   var runBlocks = loadModules(modulesToLoad);
   instanceInjector = protoInstanceInjector.get('$injector');
   instanceInjector.strictDi = strictDi;
   forEach(runBlocks, function(fn) { if (fn) instanceInjector.invoke(fn); });
 
+  instanceInjector.loadNewModules = function(mods) {
+    forEach(loadModules(mods), function(fn) { if (fn) instanceInjector.invoke(fn); });
+  };
+
+
   return instanceInjector;
 
   ////////////////////////////////////
@@ -4547,16 +5031,16 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
       provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
     }
     if (!provider_.$get) {
-      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', "Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.", name);
+      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', 'Provider \'{0}\' must define $get factory method.', name);
     }
-    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
+    return (providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_);
   }
 
   function enforceReturnValue(name, factory) {
-    return function enforcedReturnValue() {
+    return /** @this */ function enforcedReturnValue() {
       var result = instanceInjector.invoke(factory, this);
       if (isUndefined(result)) {
-        throw $injectorMinErr('undef', "Provider '{0}' must return a value from $get factory method.", name);
+        throw $injectorMinErr('undef', 'Provider \'{0}\' must return a value from $get factory method.', name);
       }
       return result;
     };
@@ -4600,7 +5084,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
     var runBlocks = [], moduleFn;
     forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
       if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
-      loadedModules.put(module, true);
+      loadedModules.set(module, true);
 
       function runInvokeQueue(queue) {
         var i, ii;
@@ -4615,6 +5099,7 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
       try {
         if (isString(module)) {
           moduleFn = angularModule(module);
+          instanceInjector.modules[module] = moduleFn;
           runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);
           runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._invokeQueue);
           runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._configBlocks);
@@ -4629,15 +5114,15 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
         if (isArray(module)) {
           module = module[module.length - 1];
         }
-        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) == -1) {
+        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) === -1) {
           // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
           // unlike those of Chrome and IE
           // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
           // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
-          /* jshint -W022 */
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-ex-assign
           e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
         }
-        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', "Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}",
+        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', 'Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}',
                   module, e.stack || e.message || e);
       }
     });
@@ -4661,7 +5146,8 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
         try {
           path.unshift(serviceName);
           cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
-          return cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName, caller);
+          cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName, caller);
+          return cache[serviceName];
         } catch (err) {
           if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
             delete cache[serviceName];
@@ -4691,14 +5177,16 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
     }
 
     function isClass(func) {
+      // Support: IE 9-11 only
       // IE 9-11 do not support classes and IE9 leaks with the code below.
-      if (msie <= 11) {
+      if (msie || typeof func !== 'function') {
         return false;
       }
-      // Support: Edge 12-13 only
-      // See: https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/6156135/
-      return typeof func === 'function'
-        && /^(?:class\b|constructor\()/.test(stringifyFn(func));
+      var result = func.$$ngIsClass;
+      if (!isBoolean(result)) {
+        result = func.$$ngIsClass = /^class\b/.test(stringifyFn(func));
+      }
+      return result;
     }
 
     function invoke(fn, self, locals, serviceName) {
@@ -4751,6 +5239,7 @@ createInjector.$$annotate = annotate;
 /**
  * @ngdoc provider
  * @name $anchorScrollProvider
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  * Use `$anchorScrollProvider` to disable automatic scrolling whenever
@@ -4822,7 +5311,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
    * </div>
    *
    * @example
-     <example module="anchorScrollExample">
+     <example module="anchorScrollExample" name="anchor-scroll">
        <file name="index.html">
          <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollController">
            <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
@@ -4832,7 +5321,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
        <file name="script.js">
          angular.module('anchorScrollExample', [])
            .controller('ScrollController', ['$scope', '$location', '$anchorScroll',
-             function ($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
+             function($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
                $scope.gotoBottom = function() {
                  // set the location.hash to the id of
                  // the element you wish to scroll to.
@@ -4861,7 +5350,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
    * See {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset $anchorScroll.yOffset} for more details.
    *
    * @example
-     <example module="anchorScrollOffsetExample">
+     <example module="anchorScrollOffsetExample" name="anchor-scroll-offset">
        <file name="index.html">
          <div class="fixed-header" ng-controller="headerCtrl">
            <a href="" ng-click="gotoAnchor(x)" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
@@ -4878,7 +5367,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
              $anchorScroll.yOffset = 50;   // always scroll by 50 extra pixels
            }])
            .controller('headerCtrl', ['$anchorScroll', '$location', '$scope',
-             function ($anchorScroll, $location, $scope) {
+             function($anchorScroll, $location, $scope) {
                $scope.gotoAnchor = function(x) {
                  var newHash = 'anchor' + x;
                  if ($location.hash() !== newHash) {
@@ -4985,7 +5474,8 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
     }
 
     function scroll(hash) {
-      hash = isString(hash) ? hash : $location.hash();
+      // Allow numeric hashes
+      hash = isString(hash) ? hash : isNumber(hash) ? hash.toString() : $location.hash();
       var elm;
 
       // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
@@ -4997,7 +5487,7 @@ function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
       // first anchor with given name :-D
       else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) scrollTo(elm);
 
-      // no element and hash == 'top', scroll to the top of the page
+      // no element and hash === 'top', scroll to the top of the page
       else if (hash === 'top') scrollTo(null);
     }
 
@@ -5072,14 +5562,14 @@ function prepareAnimateOptions(options) {
       : {};
 }
 
-var $$CoreAnimateJsProvider = function() {
+var $$CoreAnimateJsProvider = /** @this */ function() {
   this.$get = noop;
 };
 
 // this is prefixed with Core since it conflicts with
 // the animateQueueProvider defined in ngAnimate/animateQueue.js
-var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
-  var postDigestQueue = new HashMap();
+var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  var postDigestQueue = new NgMap();
   var postDigestElements = [];
 
   this.$get = ['$$AnimateRunner', '$rootScope',
@@ -5091,17 +5581,23 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
       pin: noop,
 
       push: function(element, event, options, domOperation) {
-        domOperation        && domOperation();
+        if (domOperation) {
+          domOperation();
+        }
 
         options = options || {};
-        options.from        && element.css(options.from);
-        options.to          && element.css(options.to);
+        if (options.from) {
+          element.css(options.from);
+        }
+        if (options.to) {
+          element.css(options.to);
+        }
 
         if (options.addClass || options.removeClass) {
           addRemoveClassesPostDigest(element, options.addClass, options.removeClass);
         }
 
-        var runner = new $$AnimateRunner(); // jshint ignore:line
+        var runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
 
         // since there are no animations to run the runner needs to be
         // notified that the animation call is complete.
@@ -5145,10 +5641,14 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
           });
 
           forEach(element, function(elm) {
-            toAdd    && jqLiteAddClass(elm, toAdd);
-            toRemove && jqLiteRemoveClass(elm, toRemove);
+            if (toAdd) {
+              jqLiteAddClass(elm, toAdd);
+            }
+            if (toRemove) {
+              jqLiteRemoveClass(elm, toRemove);
+            }
           });
-          postDigestQueue.remove(element);
+          postDigestQueue.delete(element);
         }
       });
       postDigestElements.length = 0;
@@ -5163,7 +5663,7 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
 
       if (classesAdded || classesRemoved) {
 
-        postDigestQueue.put(element, data);
+        postDigestQueue.set(element, data);
         postDigestElements.push(element);
 
         if (postDigestElements.length === 1) {
@@ -5186,8 +5686,10 @@ var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
  *
  * To see the functional implementation check out `src/ngAnimate/animate.js`.
  */
-var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
+var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', /** @this */ function($provide) {
   var provider = this;
+  var classNameFilter = null;
+  var customFilter = null;
 
   this.$$registeredAnimations = Object.create(null);
 
@@ -5232,7 +5734,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
    */
   this.register = function(name, factory) {
     if (name && name.charAt(0) !== '.') {
-      throw $animateMinErr('notcsel', "Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.", name);
+      throw $animateMinErr('notcsel', 'Expecting class selector starting with \'.\' got \'{0}\'.', name);
     }
 
     var key = name + '-animation';
@@ -5240,6 +5742,51 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
     $provide.factory(key, factory);
   };
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#customFilter
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets and/or returns the custom filter function that is used to "filter" animations, i.e.
+   * determine if an animation is allowed or not. When no filter is specified (the default), no
+   * animation will be blocked. Setting the `customFilter` value will only allow animations for
+   * which the filter function's return value is truthy.
+   *
+   * This allows to easily create arbitrarily complex rules for filtering animations, such as
+   * allowing specific events only, or enabling animations on specific subtrees of the DOM, etc.
+   * Filtering animations can also boost performance for low-powered devices, as well as
+   * applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-success">
+   *   **Best Practice:**
+   *   Keep the filtering function as lean as possible, because it will be called for each DOM
+   *   action (e.g. insertion, removal, class change) performed by "animation-aware" directives.
+   *   See {@link guide/animations#which-directives-support-animations- here} for a list of built-in
+   *   directives that support animations.
+   *   Performing computationally expensive or time-consuming operations on each call of the
+   *   filtering function can make your animations sluggish.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * **Note:** If present, `customFilter` will be checked before
+   * {@link $animateProvider#classNameFilter classNameFilter}.
+   *
+   * @param {Function=} filterFn - The filter function which will be used to filter all animations.
+   *   If a falsy value is returned, no animation will be performed. The function will be called
+   *   with the following arguments:
+   *   - **node** `{DOMElement}` - The DOM element to be animated.
+   *   - **event** `{String}` - The name of the animation event (e.g. `enter`, `leave`, `addClass`
+   *     etc).
+   *   - **options** `{Object}` - A collection of options/styles used for the animation.
+   * @return {Function} The current filter function or `null` if there is none set.
+   */
+  this.customFilter = function(filterFn) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+      customFilter = isFunction(filterFn) ? filterFn : null;
+    }
+
+    return customFilter;
+  };
+
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
    * @name $animateProvider#classNameFilter
@@ -5251,21 +5798,26 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
    * When setting the `classNameFilter` value, animations will only be performed on elements
    * that successfully match the filter expression. This in turn can boost performance
    * for low-powered devices as well as applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   *
+   * **Note:** If present, `classNameFilter` will be checked after
+   * {@link $animateProvider#customFilter customFilter}. If `customFilter` is present and returns
+   * false, `classNameFilter` will not be checked.
+   *
    * @param {RegExp=} expression The className expression which will be checked against all animations
    * @return {RegExp} The current CSS className expression value. If null then there is no expression value
    */
   this.classNameFilter = function(expression) {
     if (arguments.length === 1) {
-      this.$$classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
-      if (this.$$classNameFilter) {
-        var reservedRegex = new RegExp("(\\s+|\\/)" + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME + "(\\s+|\\/)");
-        if (reservedRegex.test(this.$$classNameFilter.toString())) {
-          throw $animateMinErr('nongcls','$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the "{0}" CSS class.', NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
-
+      classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
+      if (classNameFilter) {
+        var reservedRegex = new RegExp('[(\\s|\\/)]' + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME + '[(\\s|\\/)]');
+        if (reservedRegex.test(classNameFilter.toString())) {
+          classNameFilter = null;
+          throw $animateMinErr('nongcls', '$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the "{0}" CSS class.', NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
         }
       }
     }
-    return this.$$classNameFilter;
+    return classNameFilter;
   };
 
   this.$get = ['$$animateQueue', function($$animateQueue) {
@@ -5279,7 +5831,11 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
           afterElement = null;
         }
       }
-      afterElement ? afterElement.after(element) : parentElement.prepend(element);
+      if (afterElement) {
+        afterElement.after(element);
+      } else {
+        parentElement.prepend(element);
+      }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -5322,14 +5878,39 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * );
        * ```
        *
+       * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+       * **Note**: Generally, the events that are fired correspond 1:1 to `$animate` method names,
+       * e.g. {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass()} will fire `addClass`, and {@link ng.ngClass}
+       * will fire `addClass` if classes are added, and `removeClass` if classes are removed.
+       * However, there are two exceptions:
+       *
+       * <ul>
+       *   <li>if both an {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass()} and a
+       *   {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass()} action are performed during the same
+       *   animation, the event fired will be `setClass`. This is true even for `ngClass`.</li>
+       *   <li>an {@link ng.$animate#animate animate()} call that adds and removes classes will fire
+       *   the `setClass` event, but if it either removes or adds classes,
+       *   it will fire `animate` instead.</li>
+       * </ul>
+       *
+       * </div>
+       *
        * @param {string} event the animation event that will be captured (e.g. enter, leave, move, addClass, removeClass, etc...)
        * @param {DOMElement} container the container element that will capture each of the animation events that are fired on itself
        *     as well as among its children
-       * @param {Function} callback the callback function that will be fired when the listener is triggered
+       * @param {Function} callback the callback function that will be fired when the listener is triggered.
        *
        * The arguments present in the callback function are:
        * * `element` - The captured DOM element that the animation was fired on.
        * * `phase` - The phase of the animation. The two possible phases are **start** (when the animation starts) and **close** (when it ends).
+       * * `data` - an object with these properties:
+       *     * addClass - `{string|null}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to the element
+       *     * removeClass - `{string|null}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from the element
+       *     * from - `{Object|null}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of the animation
+       *     * to - `{Object|null}` - CSS properties & values at the end of the animation
+       *
+       * Note that the callback does not trigger a scope digest. Wrap your call into a
+       * {@link $rootScope.Scope#$apply scope.$apply} to propagate changes to the scope.
        */
       on: $$animateQueue.on,
 
@@ -5369,7 +5950,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @name $animate#pin
        * @kind function
        * @description Associates the provided element with a host parent element to allow the element to be animated even if it exists
-       *    outside of the DOM structure of the Angular application. By doing so, any animation triggered via `$animate` can be issued on the
+       *    outside of the DOM structure of the AngularJS application. By doing so, any animation triggered via `$animate` can be issued on the
        *    element despite being outside the realm of the application or within another application. Say for example if the application
        *    was bootstrapped on an element that is somewhere inside of the `<body>` tag, but we wanted to allow for an element to be situated
        *    as a direct child of `document.body`, then this can be achieved by pinning the element via `$animate.pin(element)`. Keep in mind
@@ -5417,12 +5998,78 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @ngdoc method
        * @name $animate#cancel
        * @kind function
-       * @description Cancels the provided animation.
+       * @description Cancels the provided animation and applies the end state of the animation.
+       * Note that this does not cancel the underlying operation, e.g. the setting of classes or
+       * adding the element to the DOM.
+       *
+       * @param {animationRunner} animationRunner An animation runner returned by an $animate function.
        *
-       * @param {Promise} animationPromise The animation promise that is returned when an animation is started.
+       * @example
+        <example module="animationExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="animate-cancel">
+          <file name="app.js">
+            angular.module('animationExample', ['ngAnimate']).component('cancelExample', {
+              templateUrl: 'template.html',
+              controller: function($element, $animate) {
+                this.runner = null;
+
+                this.addClass = function() {
+                  this.runner = $animate.addClass($element.find('div'), 'red');
+                  var ctrl = this;
+                  this.runner.finally(function() {
+                    ctrl.runner = null;
+                  });
+                };
+
+                this.removeClass = function() {
+                  this.runner = $animate.removeClass($element.find('div'), 'red');
+                  var ctrl = this;
+                  this.runner.finally(function() {
+                    ctrl.runner = null;
+                  });
+                };
+
+                this.cancel = function() {
+                  $animate.cancel(this.runner);
+                };
+              }
+            });
+          </file>
+          <file name="template.html">
+            <p>
+              <button id="add" ng-click="$ctrl.addClass()">Add</button>
+              <button ng-click="$ctrl.removeClass()">Remove</button>
+              <br>
+              <button id="cancel" ng-click="$ctrl.cancel()" ng-disabled="!$ctrl.runner">Cancel</button>
+              <br>
+              <div id="target">CSS-Animated Text</div>
+            </p>
+          </file>
+          <file name="index.html">
+            <cancel-example></cancel-example>
+          </file>
+          <file name="style.css">
+            .red-add, .red-remove {
+              transition: all 4s cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940);
+            }
+
+            .red,
+            .red-add.red-add-active {
+              color: #FF0000;
+              font-size: 40px;
+            }
+
+            .red-remove.red-remove-active {
+              font-size: 10px;
+              color: black;
+            }
+
+          </file>
+        </example>
        */
       cancel: function(runner) {
-        runner.end && runner.end();
+        if (runner.cancel) {
+          runner.cancel();
+        }
       },
 
       /**
@@ -5447,7 +6094,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       enter: function(element, parent, after, options) {
         parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
@@ -5479,7 +6126,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       move: function(element, parent, after, options) {
         parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
@@ -5506,7 +6153,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       leave: function(element, options) {
         return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'leave', prepareAnimateOptions(options), function() {
@@ -5531,12 +6178,11 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
        *   The object can have the following properties:
        *
-       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
-       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} animationRunner the animation runner
        */
       addClass: function(element, className, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -5563,10 +6209,9 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *
        *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
        *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
-       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       removeClass: function(element, className, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -5593,11 +6238,11 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   The object can have the following properties:
        *
        *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
-       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       setClass: function(element, add, remove, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -5613,7 +6258,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *
        * @description Performs an inline animation on the element which applies the provided to and from CSS styles to the element.
        * If any detected CSS transition, keyframe or JavaScript matches the provided className value, then the animation will take
-       * on the provided styles. For example, if a transition animation is set for the given classNamem, then the provided `from` and
+       * on the provided styles. For example, if a transition animation is set for the given className, then the provided `from` and
        * `to` styles will be applied alongside the given transition. If the CSS style provided in `from` does not have a corresponding
        * style in `to`, the style in `from` is applied immediately, and no animation is run.
        * If a JavaScript animation is detected then the provided styles will be given in as function parameters into the `animate`
@@ -5644,7 +6289,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
        *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
-       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       * @return {Runner} the animation runner
        */
       animate: function(element, from, to, className, options) {
         options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
@@ -5659,7 +6304,7 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
   }];
 }];
 
-var $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider = function() {
+var $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider = /** @this */ function() {
   this.$get = ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
     var waitQueue = [];
 
@@ -5680,15 +6325,19 @@ var $$AnimateAsyncRunFactoryProvider = function() {
         passed = true;
       });
       return function(callback) {
-        passed ? callback() : waitForTick(callback);
+        if (passed) {
+          callback();
+        } else {
+          waitForTick(callback);
+        }
       };
     };
   }];
 };
 
-var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$q', '$sniffer', '$$animateAsyncRun', '$document', '$timeout',
-       function($q,   $sniffer,   $$animateAsyncRun,   $document,   $timeout) {
+var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = /** @this */ function() {
+  this.$get = ['$q', '$sniffer', '$$animateAsyncRun', '$$isDocumentHidden', '$timeout',
+       function($q,   $sniffer,   $$animateAsyncRun,   $$isDocumentHidden,   $timeout) {
 
     var INITIAL_STATE = 0;
     var DONE_PENDING_STATE = 1;
@@ -5740,11 +6389,7 @@ var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
 
       this._doneCallbacks = [];
       this._tick = function(fn) {
-        var doc = $document[0];
-
-        // the document may not be ready or attached
-        // to the module for some internal tests
-        if (doc && doc.hidden) {
+        if ($$isDocumentHidden()) {
           timeoutTick(fn);
         } else {
           rafTick(fn);
@@ -5773,7 +6418,11 @@ var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
           var self = this;
           this.promise = $q(function(resolve, reject) {
             self.done(function(status) {
-              status === false ? reject() : resolve();
+              if (status === false) {
+                reject();
+              } else {
+                resolve();
+              }
             });
           });
         }
@@ -5847,6 +6496,7 @@ var $$AnimateRunnerFactoryProvider = function() {
  * @ngdoc service
  * @name $animateCss
  * @kind object
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
  * This is the core version of `$animateCss`. By default, only when the `ngAnimate` is included,
@@ -5879,7 +6529,6 @@ var $CoreAnimateCssProvider = function() {
         options.from = null;
       }
 
-      /* jshint newcap: false */
       var closed, runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
       return {
         start: run,
@@ -5917,22410 +6566,13058 @@ var $CoreAnimateCssProvider = function() {
 
 /* global stripHash: true */
 
+var PATH_MATCH = /^([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
+    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
+var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
+
+
 /**
- * ! This is a private undocumented service !
- *
- * @name $browser
- * @requires $log
- * @description
- * This object has two goals:
- *
- * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
- * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
+ * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
  *
- * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
- * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
- * the real browser apis.
- */
-/**
- * @param {object} window The global window object.
- * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
- * @param {object} $log window.console or an object with the same interface.
- * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
+ * @param {string} path Path to encode
+ * @returns {string}
  */
-function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer) {
-  var self = this,
-      location = window.location,
-      history = window.history,
-      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
-      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
-      pendingDeferIds = {};
+function encodePath(path) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
 
-  self.isMock = false;
+  while (i--) {
+    // decode forward slashes to prevent them from being double encoded
+    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i].replace(/%2F/g, '/'));
+  }
 
-  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
-  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
 
-  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
-  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = completeOutstandingRequest;
-  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = function() { outstandingRequestCount++; };
+function decodePath(path, html5Mode) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
 
-  /**
-   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
-   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
-   */
-  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
-    try {
-      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
-    } finally {
-      outstandingRequestCount--;
-      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
-        while (outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
-          try {
-            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
-          } catch (e) {
-            $log.error(e);
-          }
-        }
-      }
+  while (i--) {
+    segments[i] = decodeURIComponent(segments[i]);
+    if (html5Mode) {
+      // encode forward slashes to prevent them from being mistaken for path separators
+      segments[i] = segments[i].replace(/\//g, '%2F');
     }
   }
 
-  function getHash(url) {
-    var index = url.indexOf('#');
-    return index === -1 ? '' : url.substr(index);
-  }
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @private
-   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
-   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
-   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
-   */
-  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
-    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
-      callback();
-    } else {
-      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
-    }
-  };
+function normalizePath(pathValue, searchValue, hashValue) {
+  var search = toKeyValue(searchValue),
+    hash = hashValue ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(hashValue) : '',
+    path = encodePath(pathValue);
 
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // URL API
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  return path + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+}
 
-  var cachedState, lastHistoryState,
-      lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
-      baseElement = document.find('base'),
-      pendingLocation = null,
-      getCurrentState = !$sniffer.history ? noop : function getCurrentState() {
-        try {
-          return history.state;
-        } catch (e) {
-          // MSIE can reportedly throw when there is no state (UNCONFIRMED).
-        }
-      };
+function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj) {
+  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl);
 
-  cacheState();
-  lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
+  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
+  locationObj.$$port = toInt(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#url
-   *
-   * @description
-   * GETTER:
-   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
-   *
-   * SETTER:
-   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
-   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
-   * location.href/location.replace is used.
-   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
-   *
-   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
-   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
-   *
-   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
-   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record?
-   * @param {object=} state object to use with pushState/replaceState
-   */
-  self.url = function(url, replace, state) {
-    // In modern browsers `history.state` is `null` by default; treating it separately
-    // from `undefined` would cause `$browser.url('/foo')` to change `history.state`
-    // to undefined via `pushState`. Instead, let's change `undefined` to `null` here.
-    if (isUndefined(state)) {
-      state = null;
-    }
-
-    // Android Browser BFCache causes location, history reference to become stale.
-    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
-    if (history !== window.history) history = window.history;
-
-    // setter
-    if (url) {
-      var sameState = lastHistoryState === state;
-
-      // Don't change anything if previous and current URLs and states match. This also prevents
-      // IE<10 from getting into redirect loop when in LocationHashbangInHtml5Url mode.
-      // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/commit/ffb2701
-      if (lastBrowserUrl === url && (!$sniffer.history || sameState)) {
-        return self;
-      }
-      var sameBase = lastBrowserUrl && stripHash(lastBrowserUrl) === stripHash(url);
-      lastBrowserUrl = url;
-      lastHistoryState = state;
-      // Don't use history API if only the hash changed
-      // due to a bug in IE10/IE11 which leads
-      // to not firing a `hashchange` nor `popstate` event
-      // in some cases (see #9143).
-      if ($sniffer.history && (!sameBase || !sameState)) {
-        history[replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState'](state, '', url);
-        cacheState();
-        // Do the assignment again so that those two variables are referentially identical.
-        lastHistoryState = cachedState;
-      } else {
-        if (!sameBase) {
-          pendingLocation = url;
-        }
-        if (replace) {
-          location.replace(url);
-        } else if (!sameBase) {
-          location.href = url;
-        } else {
-          location.hash = getHash(url);
-        }
-        if (location.href !== url) {
-          pendingLocation = url;
-        }
-      }
-      if (pendingLocation) {
-        pendingLocation = url;
-      }
-      return self;
-    // getter
-    } else {
-      // - pendingLocation is needed as browsers don't allow to read out
-      //   the new location.href if a reload happened or if there is a bug like in iOS 9 (see
-      //   https://openradar.appspot.com/22186109).
-      // - the replacement is a workaround for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407172
-      return pendingLocation || location.href.replace(/%27/g,"'");
-    }
-  };
+var DOUBLE_SLASH_REGEX = /^\s*[\\/]{2,}/;
+function parseAppUrl(url, locationObj, html5Mode) {
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#state
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is a getter.
-   *
-   * Return history.state or null if history.state is undefined.
-   *
-   * @returns {object} state
-   */
-  self.state = function() {
-    return cachedState;
-  };
+  if (DOUBLE_SLASH_REGEX.test(url)) {
+    throw $locationMinErr('badpath', 'Invalid url "{0}".', url);
+  }
 
-  var urlChangeListeners = [],
-      urlChangeInit = false;
+  var prefixed = (url.charAt(0) !== '/');
+  if (prefixed) {
+    url = '/' + url;
+  }
+  var match = urlResolve(url);
+  var path = prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ? match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname;
+  locationObj.$$path = decodePath(path, html5Mode);
+  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
+  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
 
-  function cacheStateAndFireUrlChange() {
-    pendingLocation = null;
-    cacheState();
-    fireUrlChange();
+  // make sure path starts with '/';
+  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) !== '/') {
+    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
   }
+}
 
-  // This variable should be used *only* inside the cacheState function.
-  var lastCachedState = null;
-  function cacheState() {
-    // This should be the only place in $browser where `history.state` is read.
-    cachedState = getCurrentState();
-    cachedState = isUndefined(cachedState) ? null : cachedState;
+function startsWith(str, search) {
+  return str.slice(0, search.length) === search;
+}
 
-    // Prevent callbacks fo fire twice if both hashchange & popstate were fired.
-    if (equals(cachedState, lastCachedState)) {
-      cachedState = lastCachedState;
-    }
-    lastCachedState = cachedState;
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {string} base
+ * @param {string} url
+ * @returns {string} returns text from `url` after `base` or `undefined` if it does not begin with
+ *                   the expected string.
+ */
+function stripBaseUrl(base, url) {
+  if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+    return url.substr(base.length);
   }
+}
 
-  function fireUrlChange() {
-    if (lastBrowserUrl === self.url() && lastHistoryState === cachedState) {
-      return;
-    }
+function stripHash(url) {
+  var index = url.indexOf('#');
+  return index === -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
+}
 
-    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
-    lastHistoryState = cachedState;
-    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
-      listener(self.url(), cachedState);
-    });
-  }
+function stripFile(url) {
+  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#onUrlChange
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
-   *
-   * It's only called when the url is changed from outside of angular:
-   * - user types different url into address bar
-   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
-   * - user clicks on a link
-   *
-   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
-   *
-   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
-   *
-   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
-   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
-   *
-   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
-   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
-   */
-  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
-    // TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
-    if (!urlChangeInit) {
-      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
-      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
-      // changed by push/replaceState
+/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
+function serverBase(url) {
+  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
+}
 
-      // html5 history api - popstate event
-      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
-      // hashchange event
-      jqLite(window).on('hashchange', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
 
-      urlChangeInit = true;
-    }
+/**
+ * LocationHtml5Url represents a URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} basePrefix URL path prefix
+ */
+function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, basePrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
 
-    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
-    return callback;
-  };
 
   /**
+   * Parse given HTML5 (regular) URL string into properties
+   * @param {string} url HTML5 URL
    * @private
-   * Remove popstate and hashchange handler from window.
-   *
-   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by $rootScope.
    */
-  self.$$applicationDestroyed = function() {
-    jqLite(window).off('hashchange popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Checks whether the url has changed outside of Angular.
-   * Needs to be exported to be able to check for changes that have been done in sync,
-   * as hashchange/popstate events fire in async.
-   */
-  self.$$checkUrlChange = fireUrlChange;
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var pathUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
+          appBaseNoFile);
+    }
 
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // Misc API
-  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this, true);
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#baseHref
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Returns current <base href>
-   * (always relative - without domain)
-   *
-   * @returns {string} The current base href
-   */
-  self.baseHref = function() {
-    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
-    return href ? href.replace(/^(https?\:)?\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : '';
-  };
+    if (!this.$$path) {
+      this.$$path = '/';
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#defer
-   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
-   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
-   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
-   *
-   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
-   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
-   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
-   *
-   */
-  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
-    var timeoutId;
-    outstandingRequestCount++;
-    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
-      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
-      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
-    }, delay || 0);
-    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
-    return timeoutId;
+    this.$$compose();
   };
 
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    return appBaseNoFile + url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
+  };
 
-  /**
-   * @name $browser#defer.cancel
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
-   *
-   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
-   *                    canceled.
-   */
-  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
-    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
-      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
-      clearTimeout(deferId);
-      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
       return true;
     }
-    return false;
-  };
+    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
+    var rewrittenUrl;
 
-}
 
-function $BrowserProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document',
-      function($window, $log, $sniffer, $document) {
-        return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer);
-      }];
+    if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url))) {
+      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
+      if (basePrefix && isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(basePrefix, appUrl))) {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + (stripBaseUrl('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
+      } else {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBase + prevAppUrl;
+      }
+    } else if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
 }
 
+
 /**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $cacheFactory
- *
- * @description
- * Factory that constructs {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} objects and gives access to
- * them.
- *
- * ```js
- *
- *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
- *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
- *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
- *
- *  cache.put("key", "value");
- *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
- *
- *  // We've specified no options on creation
- *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2});
- *
- * ```
- *
- *
- * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
- * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
- *
- *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
- *
- * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
- *
- * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
- * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
- *   it.
- * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
- * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
- * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
- * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
+ * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
  *
- * @example
-   <example module="cacheExampleApp">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="CacheController">
-         <input ng-model="newCacheKey" placeholder="Key">
-         <input ng-model="newCacheValue" placeholder="Value">
-         <button ng-click="put(newCacheKey, newCacheValue)">Cache</button>
-
-         <p ng-if="keys.length">Cached Values</p>
-         <div ng-repeat="key in keys">
-           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
-           <span>: </span>
-           <b ng-bind="cache.get(key)"></b>
-         </div>
-
-         <p>Cache Info</p>
-         <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in cache.info()">
-           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
-           <span>: </span>
-           <b ng-bind="value"></b>
-         </div>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('cacheExampleApp', []).
-         controller('CacheController', ['$scope', '$cacheFactory', function($scope, $cacheFactory) {
-           $scope.keys = [];
-           $scope.cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
-           $scope.put = function(key, value) {
-             if (angular.isUndefined($scope.cache.get(key))) {
-               $scope.keys.push(key);
-             }
-             $scope.cache.put(key, angular.isUndefined(value) ? null : value);
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       p {
-         margin: 10px 0 3px;
-       }
-     </file>
-   </example>
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
  */
-function $CacheFactoryProvider() {
-
-  this.$get = function() {
-    var caches = {};
-
-    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
-      if (cacheId in caches) {
-        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', "CacheId '{0}' is already taken!", cacheId);
-      }
+function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
 
-      var size = 0,
-          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
-          data = createMap(),
-          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
-          lruHash = createMap(),
-          freshEnd = null,
-          staleEnd = null;
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
 
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc type
-       * @name $cacheFactory.Cache
-       *
-       * @description
-       * A cache object used to store and retrieve data, primarily used by
-       * {@link $http $http} and the {@link ng.directive:script script} directive to cache
-       * templates and other data.
-       *
-       * ```js
-       *  angular.module('superCache')
-       *    .factory('superCache', ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
-       *      return $cacheFactory('super-cache');
-       *    }]);
-       * ```
-       *
-       * Example test:
-       *
-       * ```js
-       *  it('should behave like a cache', inject(function(superCache) {
-       *    superCache.put('key', 'value');
-       *    superCache.put('another key', 'another value');
-       *
-       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
-       *      id: 'super-cache',
-       *      size: 2
-       *    });
-       *
-       *    superCache.remove('another key');
-       *    expect(superCache.get('another key')).toBeUndefined();
-       *
-       *    superCache.removeAll();
-       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
-       *      id: 'super-cache',
-       *      size: 0
-       *    });
-       *  }));
-       * ```
-       */
-      return caches[cacheId] = {
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#put
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Inserts a named entry into the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object to be
-         * retrieved later, and incrementing the size of the cache if the key was not already
-         * present in the cache. If behaving like an LRU cache, it will also remove stale
-         * entries from the set.
-         *
-         * It will not insert undefined values into the cache.
-         *
-         * @param {string} key the key under which the cached data is stored.
-         * @param {*} value the value to store alongside the key. If it is undefined, the key
-         *    will not be stored.
-         * @returns {*} the value stored.
-         */
-        put: function(key, value) {
-          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
-          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
-            var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});
+  /**
+   * Parse given hashbang URL into properties
+   * @param {string} url Hashbang URL
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var withoutBaseUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url) || stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    var withoutHashUrl;
 
-            refresh(lruEntry);
-          }
+    if (!isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl) && withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === '#') {
 
-          if (!(key in data)) size++;
-          data[key] = value;
+      // The rest of the URL starts with a hash so we have
+      // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
+      withoutHashUrl = stripBaseUrl(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
+      if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
+        // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      }
 
-          if (size > capacity) {
-            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
-          }
+    } else {
+      // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
+      // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
+      // Otherwise we ignore what is left
+      if (this.$$html5) {
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      } else {
+        withoutHashUrl = '';
+        if (isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl)) {
+          appBase = url;
+          /** @type {?} */ (this).replace();
+        }
+      }
+    }
 
-          return value;
-        },
+    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this, false);
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#get
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Retrieves named data stored in the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
-         *
-         * @param {string} key the key of the data to be retrieved
-         * @returns {*} the value stored.
-         */
-        get: function(key) {
-          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
-            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
 
-            if (!lruEntry) return;
+    this.$$compose();
 
-            refresh(lruEntry);
-          }
+    /*
+     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
+     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
+     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
+     * pathname without a drive is set:
+     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
+     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
+     *
+     * Inside of AngularJS, we're always using pathnames that
+     * do not include drive names for routing.
+     */
+    function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
+      /*
+      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
+      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
+      */
+      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
 
-          return data[key];
-        },
+      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
 
+      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
+      if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+        url = url.replace(base, '');
+      }
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#remove
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Removes an entry from the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
-         *
-         * @param {string} key the key of the entry to be removed
-         */
-        remove: function(key) {
-          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
-            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
+      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
+        return path;
+      }
 
-            if (!lruEntry) return;
+      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
+      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+    }
+  };
 
-            if (lruEntry == freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
-            if (lruEntry == staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
-            link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    return appBase + (url ? hashPrefix + url : '');
+  };
 
-            delete lruHash[key];
-          }
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (stripHash(appBase) === stripHash(url)) {
+      this.$$parse(url);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+}
 
-          if (!(key in data)) return;
 
-          delete data[key];
-          size--;
-        },
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents URL
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
+ * does not support it.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
 
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#removeAll
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Clears the cache object of any entries.
-         */
-        removeAll: function() {
-          data = createMap();
-          size = 0;
-          lruHash = createMap();
-          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
-        },
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+    var appUrl;
 
+    if (appBase === stripHash(url)) {
+      rewrittenUrl = url;
+    } else if ((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#destroy
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Destroys the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object entirely,
-         * removing it from the {@link $cacheFactory $cacheFactory} set.
-         */
-        destroy: function() {
-          data = null;
-          stats = null;
-          lruHash = null;
-          delete caches[cacheId];
-        },
+  this.$$normalizeUrl = function(url) {
+    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE9 does not reload page because of removal of '#'
+    return appBase + hashPrefix + url;
+  };
+}
 
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc method
-         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#info
-         * @kind function
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Retrieve information regarding a particular {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache}.
-         *
-         * @returns {object} an object with the following properties:
-         *   <ul>
-         *     <li>**id**: the id of the cache instance</li>
-         *     <li>**size**: the number of entries kept in the cache instance</li>
-         *     <li>**...**: any additional properties from the options object when creating the
-         *       cache.</li>
-         *   </ul>
-         */
-        info: function() {
-          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
-        }
-      };
+var locationPrototype = {
 
+  /**
+   * Ensure absolute URL is initialized.
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$absUrl:'',
 
-      /**
-       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
-       */
-      function refresh(entry) {
-        if (entry != freshEnd) {
-          if (!staleEnd) {
-            staleEnd = entry;
-          } else if (staleEnd == entry) {
-            staleEnd = entry.n;
-          }
+  /**
+   * Are we in html5 mode?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$html5: false,
 
-          link(entry.n, entry.p);
-          link(entry, freshEnd);
-          freshEnd = entry;
-          freshEnd.n = null;
-        }
-      }
+  /**
+   * Has any change been replacing?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$replace: false,
 
+  /**
+   * Compose url and update `url` and `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$compose: function() {
+    this.$$url = normalizePath(this.$$path, this.$$search, this.$$hash);
+    this.$$absUrl = this.$$normalizeUrl(this.$$url);
+    this.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
+  },
 
-      /**
-       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
-       */
-      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
-        if (nextEntry != prevEntry) {
-          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
-          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#absUrl
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return full URL representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
+   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var absUrl = $location.absUrl();
+   * // => "http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} full URL
+   */
+  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $cacheFactory#info
+   * @name $location#url
    *
    * @description
-   * Get information about all the caches that have been created
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return URL (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var url = $location.url();
+   * // => "/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
    *
-   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
+   * @param {string=} url New URL without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
+   * @return {string} url
    */
-    cacheFactory.info = function() {
-      var info = {};
-      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
-        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
-      });
-      return info;
-    };
+  url: function(url) {
+    if (isUndefined(url)) {
+      return this.$$url;
+    }
+
+    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
+    if (match[1] || url === '') this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === '') this.search(match[3] || '');
+    this.hash(match[5] || '');
 
+    return this;
+  },
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $cacheFactory#get
+   * @name $location#protocol
    *
    * @description
-   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return protocol of current URL.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var protocol = $location.protocol();
+   * // => "http"
+   * ```
    *
-   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
-   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
+   * @return {string} protocol of current URL
    */
-    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
-      return caches[cacheId];
-    };
+  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#host
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return host of current URL.
+   *
+   * Note: compared to the non-AngularJS version `location.host` which returns `hostname:port`, this returns the `hostname` portion only.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   *
+   * // given URL http://user:password@example.com:8080/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   * host = location.host;
+   * // => "example.com:8080"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} host of current URL.
+   */
+  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
 
-    return cacheFactory;
-  };
-}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#port
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return port of current URL.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var port = $location.port();
+   * // => 80
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {Number} port
+   */
+  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $templateCache
- *
- * @description
- * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
- * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, or by consuming the
- * `$templateCache` service directly.
- *
- * Adding via the `script` tag:
- *
- * ```html
- *   <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
- *     <p>This is the content of the template</p>
- *   </script>
- * ```
- *
- * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
- * the document, but it must be a descendent of the {@link ng.$rootElement $rootElement} (IE,
- * element with ng-app attribute), otherwise the template will be ignored.
- *
- * Adding via the `$templateCache` service:
- *
- * ```js
- * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
- * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
- *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
- * });
- * ```
- *
- * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your HTML:
- * ```html
- * <div ng-include=" 'templateId.html' "></div>
- * ```
- *
- * or get it via Javascript:
- * ```js
- * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
- * ```
- *
- * See {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
- *
- */
-function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
-    return $cacheFactory('templates');
-  }];
-}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#path
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return path of current URL when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
+   * if it is missing.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var path = $location.path();
+   * // => "/some/path"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} path New path
+   * @return {(string|object)} path if called with no parameters, or `$location` if called with a parameter
+   */
+  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
+    path = path !== null ? path.toString() : '';
+    return path.charAt(0) === '/' ? path : '/' + path;
+  }),
 
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
- *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
- *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
- *                         this file is required.                          *
- *                                                                         *
- *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
- *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
- *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#search
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return search part (as object) of current URL when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var searchObject = $location.search();
+   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   *
+   * // set foo to 'yipee'
+   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
+   * // $location.search() => {foo: 'yipee', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
+   * hash object.
+   *
+   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
+   * of `$location` to the specified value.
+   *
+   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
+   * as duplicate search parameters in the URL.
+   *
+   * @param {(string|Number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string or number, then `paramValue`
+   * will override only a single search property.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
+   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
+   * value nor trailing equal sign.
+   *
+   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
+   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
+   */
+  search: function(search, paramValue) {
+    switch (arguments.length) {
+      case 0:
+        return this.$$search;
+      case 1:
+        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
+          search = search.toString();
+          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
+        } else if (isObject(search)) {
+          search = copy(search, {});
+          // remove object undefined or null properties
+          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
+            if (value == null) delete search[key];
+          });
 
-/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
- *
- * DOM-related variables:
- *
- * - "node" - DOM Node
- * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
- * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
- *
- *
- * Compiler related stuff:
- *
- * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
- * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
- * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
- * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
- */
+          this.$$search = search;
+        } else {
+          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
+              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
+          delete this.$$search[search];
+        } else {
+          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
+        }
+    }
 
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $compile
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
- * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
- *
- * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
- * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
- * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
- * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
- * </div>
- *
- * ## Comprehensive Directive API
- *
- * There are many different options for a directive.
- *
- * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
- * You can either return a {@link $compile#directive-definition-object Directive Definition Object (see below)}
- * that defines the directive properties, or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have
- * the default values).
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-success">
- * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
- * </div>
- *
- * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
- *
- * ```js
- *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
- *
- *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
- *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
- *       priority: 0,
- *       template: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
- *       // or
- *       // templateUrl: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
- *       transclude: false,
- *       restrict: 'A',
- *       templateNamespace: 'html',
- *       scope: false,
- *       controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
- *       controllerAs: 'stringIdentifier',
- *       bindToController: false,
- *       require: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
- *       compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
- *         return {
- *           pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
- *           post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
- *         }
- *         // or
- *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
- *       },
- *       // or
- *       // link: {
- *       //  pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
- *       //  post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
- *       // }
- *       // or
- *       // link: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
- *     };
- *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
- * </div>
- *
- * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
- *
- * ```js
- *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
- *
- *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
- *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
- *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
- *     };
- *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
- *     // or
- *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * ### Life-cycle hooks
- * Directive controllers can provide the following methods that are called by Angular at points in the life-cycle of the
- * directive:
- * * `$onInit()` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
- *   had their bindings initialized (and before the pre &amp; post linking functions for the directives on
- *   this element). This is a good place to put initialization code for your controller.
- * * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way (`<`) or interpolation (`@`) bindings are updated. The
- *   `changesObj` is a hash whose keys are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an
- *   object of the form `{ currentValue, previousValue, isFirstChange() }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a
- *   component such as cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value.
- * * `$doCheck()` - Called on each turn of the digest cycle. Provides an opportunity to detect and act on
- *   changes. Any actions that you wish to take in response to the changes that you detect must be
- *   invoked from this hook; implementing this has no effect on when `$onChanges` is called. For example, this hook
- *   could be useful if you wish to perform a deep equality check, or to check a Date object, changes to which would not
- *   be detected by Angular's change detector and thus not trigger `$onChanges`. This hook is invoked with no arguments;
- *   if detecting changes, you must store the previous value(s) for comparison to the current values.
- * * `$onDestroy()` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
- *   external resources, watches and event handlers. Note that components have their `$onDestroy()` hooks called in
- *   the same order as the `$scope.$broadcast` events are triggered, which is top down. This means that parent
- *   components will have their `$onDestroy()` hook called before child components.
- * * `$postLink()` - Called after this controller's element and its children have been linked. Similar to the post-link
- *   function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
- *   Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
- *   they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
- *   suspended until that occurs.
- *
- * #### Comparison with Angular 2 life-cycle hooks
- * Angular 2 also uses life-cycle hooks for its components. While the Angular 1 life-cycle hooks are similar there are
- * some differences that you should be aware of, especially when it comes to moving your code from Angular 1 to Angular 2:
- *
- * * Angular 1 hooks are prefixed with `$`, such as `$onInit`. Angular 2 hooks are prefixed with `ng`, such as `ngOnInit`.
- * * Angular 1 hooks can be defined on the controller prototype or added to the controller inside its constructor.
- *   In Angular 2 you can only define hooks on the prototype of the Component class.
- * * Due to the differences in change-detection, you may get many more calls to `$doCheck` in Angular 1 than you would to
- *   `ngDoCheck` in Angular 2
- * * Changes to the model inside `$doCheck` will trigger new turns of the digest loop, which will cause the changes to be
- *   propagated throughout the application.
- *   Angular 2 does not allow the `ngDoCheck` hook to trigger a change outside of the component. It will either throw an
- *   error or do nothing depending upon the state of `enableProdMode()`.
- *
- * #### Life-cycle hook examples
- *
- * This example shows how you can check for mutations to a Date object even though the identity of the object
- * has not changed.
- *
- * <example name="doCheckDateExample" module="do-check-module">
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *     angular.module('do-check-module', [])
- *       .component('app', {
- *         template:
- *           'Month: <input ng-model="$ctrl.month" ng-change="$ctrl.updateDate()">' +
- *           'Date: {{ $ctrl.date }}' +
- *           '<test date="$ctrl.date"></test>',
- *         controller: function() {
- *           this.date = new Date();
- *           this.month = this.date.getMonth();
- *           this.updateDate = function() {
- *             this.date.setMonth(this.month);
- *           };
- *         }
- *       })
- *       .component('test', {
- *         bindings: { date: '<' },
- *         template:
- *           '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
- *         controller: function() {
- *           var previousValue;
- *           this.log = [];
- *           this.$doCheck = function() {
- *             var currentValue = this.date && this.date.valueOf();
- *             if (previousValue !== currentValue) {
- *               this.log.push('doCheck: date mutated: ' + this.date);
- *               previousValue = currentValue;
- *             }
- *           };
- *         }
- *       });
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <app></app>
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * This example show how you might use `$doCheck` to trigger changes in your component's inputs even if the
- * actual identity of the component doesn't change. (Be aware that cloning and deep equality checks on large
- * arrays or objects can have a negative impact on your application performance)
- *
- * <example name="doCheckArrayExample" module="do-check-module">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <div ng-init="items = []">
- *       <button ng-click="items.push(items.length)">Add Item</button>
- *       <button ng-click="items = []">Reset Items</button>
- *       <pre>{{ items }}</pre>
- *       <test items="items"></test>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *      angular.module('do-check-module', [])
- *        .component('test', {
- *          bindings: { items: '<' },
- *          template:
- *            '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
- *          controller: function() {
- *            this.log = [];
- *
- *            this.$doCheck = function() {
- *              if (this.items_ref !== this.items) {
- *                this.log.push('doCheck: items changed');
- *                this.items_ref = this.items;
- *              }
- *              if (!angular.equals(this.items_clone, this.items)) {
- *                this.log.push('doCheck: items mutated');
- *                this.items_clone = angular.copy(this.items);
- *              }
- *            };
- *          }
- *        });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- *
- * ### Directive Definition Object
- *
- * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link ng.$compile
- * compiler}. The attributes are:
- *
- * #### `multiElement`
- * When this property is set to true, the HTML compiler will collect DOM nodes between
- * nodes with the attributes `directive-name-start` and `directive-name-end`, and group them
- * together as the directive elements. It is recommended that this feature be used on directives
- * which are not strictly behavioral (such as {@link ngClick}), and which
- * do not manipulate or replace child nodes (such as {@link ngInclude}).
- *
- * #### `priority`
- * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
- * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
- * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
- * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
- * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
- * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
- *
- * #### `terminal`
- * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
- * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
- * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined). Note that expressions
- * and other directives used in the directive's template will also be excluded from execution.
- *
- * #### `scope`
- * The scope property can be `true`, an object or a falsy value:
- *
- * * **falsy:** No scope will be created for the directive. The directive will use its parent's scope.
- *
- * * **`true`:** A new child scope that prototypically inherits from its parent will be created for
- * the directive's element. If multiple directives on the same element request a new scope,
- * only one new scope is created. The new scope rule does not apply for the root of the template
- * since the root of the template always gets a new scope.
- *
- * * **`{...}` (an object hash):** A new "isolate" scope is created for the directive's element. The
- * 'isolate' scope differs from normal scope in that it does not prototypically inherit from its parent
- * scope. This is useful when creating reusable components, which should not accidentally read or modify
- * data in the parent scope.
- *
- * The 'isolate' scope object hash defines a set of local scope properties derived from attributes on the
- * directive's element. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for templates. The keys in
- * the object hash map to the name of the property on the isolate scope; the values define how the property
- * is bound to the parent scope, via matching attributes on the directive's element:
- *
- * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
- *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified then the
- *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name. Given `<my-component
- *   my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`,
- *   the directive's scope property `localName` will reflect the interpolated value of `hello
- *   {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the `localName` property on the directive's
- *   scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not the directive's scope).
- *
- * * `=` or `=attr` - set up a bidirectional binding between a local scope property and an expression
- *   passed via the attribute `attr`. The expression is evaluated in the context of the parent scope.
- *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local
- *   name. Given `<my-component my-attr="parentModel">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: {
- *   localModel: '=myAttr' }`, the property `localModel` on the directive's scope will reflect the
- *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Changes to `parentModel` will be reflected in
- *   `localModel` and vice versa. Optional attributes should be marked as such with a question mark:
- *   `=?` or `=?attr`. If the binding expression is non-assignable, or if the attribute isn't
- *   optional and doesn't exist, an exception ({@link error/$compile/nonassign `$compile:nonassign`})
- *   will be thrown upon discovering changes to the local value, since it will be impossible to sync
- *   them back to the parent scope. By default, the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch `$watch`}
- *   method is used for tracking changes, and the equality check is based on object identity.
- *   However, if an object literal or an array literal is passed as the binding expression, the
- *   equality check is done by value (using the {@link angular.equals} function). It's also possible
- *   to watch the evaluated value shallowly with {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
- *   `$watchCollection`}: use `=*` or `=*attr` (`=*?` or `=*?attr` if the attribute is optional).
- *
-  * * `<` or `<attr` - set up a one-way (one-directional) binding between a local scope property and an
- *   expression passed via the attribute `attr`. The expression is evaluated in the context of the
- *   parent scope. If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
- *   local name. You can also make the binding optional by adding `?`: `<?` or `<?attr`.
- *
- *   For example, given `<my-component my-attr="parentModel">` and directive definition of
- *   `scope: { localModel:'<myAttr' }`, then the isolated scope property `localModel` will reflect the
- *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
- *   in `localModel`, but changes in `localModel` will not reflect in `parentModel`. There are however
- *   two caveats:
- *     1. one-way binding does not copy the value from the parent to the isolate scope, it simply
- *     sets the same value. That means if your bound value is an object, changes to its properties
- *     in the isolated scope will be reflected in the parent scope (because both reference the same object).
- *     2. one-way binding watches changes to the **identity** of the parent value. That means the
- *     {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch `$watch`} on the parent value only fires if the reference
- *     to the value has changed. In most cases, this should not be of concern, but can be important
- *     to know if you one-way bind to an object, and then replace that object in the isolated scope.
- *     If you now change a property of the object in your parent scope, the change will not be
- *     propagated to the isolated scope, because the identity of the object on the parent scope
- *     has not changed. Instead you must assign a new object.
- *
- *   One-way binding is useful if you do not plan to propagate changes to your isolated scope bindings
- *   back to the parent. However, it does not make this completely impossible.
- *
- * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope. If
- *   no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
- *   Given `<my-component my-attr="count = count + value">` and the isolate scope definition `scope: {
- *   localFn:'&myAttr' }`, the isolate scope property `localFn` will point to a function wrapper for
- *   the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to pass data from the isolated scope
- *   via an expression to the parent scope. This can be done by passing a map of local variable names
- *   and values into the expression wrapper fn. For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)`
- *   then we can specify the amount value by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
- *
- * In general it's possible to apply more than one directive to one element, but there might be limitations
- * depending on the type of scope required by the directives. The following points will help explain these limitations.
- * For simplicity only two directives are taken into account, but it is also applicable for several directives:
- *
- * * **no scope** + **no scope** => Two directives which don't require their own scope will use their parent's scope
- * * **child scope** + **no scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
- * * **child scope** + **child scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
- * * **isolated scope** + **no scope** =>  The isolated directive will use it's own created isolated scope. The other directive will use
- * its parent's scope
- * * **isolated scope** + **child scope** =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives cannot
- * be applied to the same element.
- * * **isolated scope** + **isolated scope**  =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives
- * cannot be applied to the same element.
- *
- *
- * #### `bindToController`
- * This property is used to bind scope properties directly to the controller. It can be either
- * `true` or an object hash with the same format as the `scope` property. Additionally, a controller
- * alias must be set, either by using `controllerAs: 'myAlias'` or by specifying the alias in the controller
- * definition: `controller: 'myCtrl as myAlias'`.
- *
- * When an isolate scope is used for a directive (see above), `bindToController: true` will
- * allow a component to have its properties bound to the controller, rather than to scope.
- *
- * After the controller is instantiated, the initial values of the isolate scope bindings will be bound to the controller
- * properties. You can access these bindings once they have been initialized by providing a controller method called
- * `$onInit`, which is called after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and had their bindings
- * initialized.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Deprecation warning:** although bindings for non-ES6 class controllers are currently
- * bound to `this` before the controller constructor is called, this use is now deprecated. Please place initialization
- * code that relies upon bindings inside a `$onInit` method on the controller, instead.
- * </div>
- *
- * It is also possible to set `bindToController` to an object hash with the same format as the `scope` property.
- * This will set up the scope bindings to the controller directly. Note that `scope` can still be used
- * to define which kind of scope is created. By default, no scope is created. Use `scope: {}` to create an isolate
- * scope (useful for component directives).
- *
- * If both `bindToController` and `scope` are defined and have object hashes, `bindToController` overrides `scope`.
- *
- *
- * #### `controller`
- * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
- * pre-linking phase and can be accessed by other directives (see
- * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
- * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
- *
- * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
- * * `$element` - Current element
- * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
- * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope:
- *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement, slotName)`:
- *    * `scope`: (optional) override the scope.
- *    * `cloneLinkingFn`: (optional) argument to create clones of the original transcluded content.
- *    * `futureParentElement` (optional):
- *        * defines the parent to which the `cloneLinkingFn` will add the cloned elements.
- *        * default: `$element.parent()` resp. `$element` for `transclude:'element'` resp. `transclude:true`.
- *        * only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html elements (e.g. SVG elements)
- *          and when the `cloneLinkinFn` is passed,
- *          as those elements need to created and cloned in a special way when they are defined outside their
- *          usual containers (e.g. like `<svg>`).
- *        * See also the `directive.templateNamespace` property.
- *    * `slotName`: (optional) the name of the slot to transclude. If falsy (e.g. `null`, `undefined` or `''`)
- *      then the default translusion is provided.
- *    The `$transclude` function also has a method on it, `$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)`, which returns
- *    `true` if the specified slot contains content (i.e. one or more DOM nodes).
- *
- * #### `require`
- * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
- * `require` property can be a string, an array or an object:
- * * a **string** containing the name of the directive to pass to the linking function
- * * an **array** containing the names of directives to pass to the linking function. The argument passed to the
- * linking function will be an array of controllers in the same order as the names in the `require` property
- * * an **object** whose property values are the names of the directives to pass to the linking function. The argument
- * passed to the linking function will also be an object with matching keys, whose values will hold the corresponding
- * controllers.
- *
- * If the `require` property is an object and `bindToController` is truthy, then the required controllers are
- * bound to the controller using the keys of the `require` property. This binding occurs after all the controllers
- * have been constructed but before `$onInit` is called.
- * If the name of the required controller is the same as the local name (the key), the name can be
- * omitted. For example, `{parentDir: '^^'}` is equivalent to `{parentDir: '^^parentDir'}`.
- * See the {@link $compileProvider#component} helper for an example of how this can be used.
- * If no such required directive(s) can be found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is
- * raised (unless no link function is specified and the required controllers are not being bound to the directive
- * controller, in which case error checking is skipped). The name can be prefixed with:
- *
- * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
- * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
- * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents. Throw an error if not found.
- * * `^^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
- * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents or pass
- *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
- * * `?^^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents, or pass
- *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
- *
- *
- * #### `controllerAs`
- * Identifier name for a reference to the controller in the directive's scope.
- * This allows the controller to be referenced from the directive template. This is especially
- * useful when a directive is used as component, i.e. with an `isolate` scope. It's also possible
- * to use it in a directive without an `isolate` / `new` scope, but you need to be aware that the
- * `controllerAs` reference might overwrite a property that already exists on the parent scope.
- *
- *
- * #### `restrict`
- * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
- * declaration style. If omitted, the defaults (elements and attributes) are used.
- *
- * * `E` - Element name (default): `<my-directive></my-directive>`
- * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
- * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
- * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
- *
- *
- * #### `templateNamespace`
- * String representing the document type used by the markup in the template.
- * AngularJS needs this information as those elements need to be created and cloned
- * in a special way when they are defined outside their usual containers like `<svg>` and `<math>`.
- *
- * * `html` - All root nodes in the template are HTML. Root nodes may also be
- *   top-level elements such as `<svg>` or `<math>`.
- * * `svg` - The root nodes in the template are SVG elements (excluding `<math>`).
- * * `math` - The root nodes in the template are MathML elements (excluding `<svg>`).
- *
- * If no `templateNamespace` is specified, then the namespace is considered to be `html`.
- *
- * #### `template`
- * HTML markup that may:
- * * Replace the contents of the directive's element (default).
- * * Replace the directive's element itself (if `replace` is true - DEPRECATED).
- * * Wrap the contents of the directive's element (if `transclude` is true).
- *
- * Value may be:
- *
- * * A string. For example `<div red-on-hover>{{delete_str}}</div>`.
- * * A function which takes two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile`
- *   function api below) and returns a string value.
- *
- *
- * #### `templateUrl`
- * This is similar to `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL, asynchronously.
- *
- * Because template loading is asynchronous the compiler will suspend compilation of directives on that element
- * for later when the template has been resolved.  In the meantime it will continue to compile and link
- * sibling and parent elements as though this element had not contained any directives.
- *
- * The compiler does not suspend the entire compilation to wait for templates to be loaded because this
- * would result in the whole app "stalling" until all templates are loaded asynchronously - even in the
- * case when only one deeply nested directive has `templateUrl`.
- *
- * Template loading is asynchronous even if the template has been preloaded into the {@link $templateCache}
- *
- * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
- * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
- * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
- * $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
- *
- *
- * #### `replace` ([*DEPRECATED*!], will be removed in next major release - i.e. v2.0)
- * specify what the template should replace. Defaults to `false`.
- *
- * * `true` - the template will replace the directive's element.
- * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the directive's element.
- *
- * The replacement process migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new
- * one. See the {@link guide/directive#template-expanding-directive
- * Directives Guide} for an example.
- *
- * There are very few scenarios where element replacement is required for the application function,
- * the main one being reusable custom components that are used within SVG contexts
- * (because SVG doesn't work with custom elements in the DOM tree).
- *
- * #### `transclude`
- * Extract the contents of the element where the directive appears and make it available to the directive.
- * The contents are compiled and provided to the directive as a **transclusion function**. See the
- * {@link $compile#transclusion Transclusion} section below.
- *
- *
- * #### `compile`
- *
- * ```js
- *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
- * ```
- *
- * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
- * template transformation, it is not used often. The compile function takes the following arguments:
- *
- *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
- *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
- *
- *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
- *     between all directive compile functions.
- *
- *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
- * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
- * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
- * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
- * </div>
-
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** The compile function cannot handle directives that recursively use themselves in their
- * own templates or compile functions. Compiling these directives results in an infinite loop and
- * stack overflow errors.
- *
- * This can be avoided by manually using $compile in the postLink function to imperatively compile
- * a directive's template instead of relying on automatic template compilation via `template` or
- * `templateUrl` declaration or manual compilation inside the compile function.
- * </div>
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
- *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
- *   to the link function instead.
- * </div>
-
- * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
- *
- * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
- *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
- *
- * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
- *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
- *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
- *
- *
- * #### `link`
- * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
- *
- * ```js
- *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
- * ```
- *
- * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
- * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
- * put.
- *
- *   * `scope` - {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
- *     directive for registering {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watches}.
- *
- *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
- *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
- *     already been linked.
- *
- *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
- *     between all directive linking functions.
- *
- *   * `controller` - the directive's required controller instance(s) - Instances are shared
- *     among all directives, which allows the directives to use the controllers as a communication
- *     channel. The exact value depends on the directive's `require` property:
- *       * no controller(s) required: the directive's own controller, or `undefined` if it doesn't have one
- *       * `string`: the controller instance
- *       * `array`: array of controller instances
- *
- *     If a required controller cannot be found, and it is optional, the instance is `null`,
- *     otherwise the {@link error:$compile:ctreq Missing Required Controller} error is thrown.
- *
- *     Note that you can also require the directive's own controller - it will be made available like
- *     any other controller.
- *
- *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
- *     This is the same as the `$transclude` parameter of directive controllers,
- *     see {@link ng.$compile#-controller- the controller section for details}.
- *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
- *
- * #### Pre-linking function
- *
- * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
- * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
- *
- * #### Post-linking function
- *
- * Executed after the child elements are linked.
- *
- * Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled
- * and linked since they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own
- * compilation and linking has been suspended until that occurs.
- *
- * It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function on elements that are not waiting
- * for their async templates to be resolved.
- *
- *
- * ### Transclusion
- *
- * Transclusion is the process of extracting a collection of DOM elements from one part of the DOM and
- * copying them to another part of the DOM, while maintaining their connection to the original AngularJS
- * scope from where they were taken.
- *
- * Transclusion is used (often with {@link ngTransclude}) to insert the
- * original contents of a directive's element into a specified place in the template of the directive.
- * The benefit of transclusion, over simply moving the DOM elements manually, is that the transcluded
- * content has access to the properties on the scope from which it was taken, even if the directive
- * has isolated scope.
- * See the {@link guide/directive#creating-a-directive-that-wraps-other-elements Directives Guide}.
- *
- * This makes it possible for the widget to have private state for its template, while the transcluded
- * content has access to its originating scope.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** When testing an element transclude directive you must not place the directive at the root of the
- * DOM fragment that is being compiled. See {@link guide/unit-testing#testing-transclusion-directives
- * Testing Transclusion Directives}.
- * </div>
- *
- * There are three kinds of transclusion depending upon whether you want to transclude just the contents of the
- * directive's element, the entire element or multiple parts of the element contents:
- *
- * * `true` - transclude the content (i.e. the child nodes) of the directive's element.
- * * `'element'` - transclude the whole of the directive's element including any directives on this
- *   element that defined at a lower priority than this directive. When used, the `template`
- *   property is ignored.
- * * **`{...}` (an object hash):** - map elements of the content onto transclusion "slots" in the template.
- *
- * **Mult-slot transclusion** is declared by providing an object for the `transclude` property.
- *
- * This object is a map where the keys are the name of the slot to fill and the value is an element selector
- * used to match the HTML to the slot. The element selector should be in normalized form (e.g. `myElement`)
- * and will match the standard element variants (e.g. `my-element`, `my:element`, `data-my-element`, etc).
- *
- * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}
- *
- * If the element selector is prefixed with a `?` then that slot is optional.
- *
- * For example, the transclude object `{ slotA: '?myCustomElement' }` maps `<my-custom-element>` elements to
- * the `slotA` slot, which can be accessed via the `$transclude` function or via the {@link ngTransclude} directive.
- *
- * Slots that are not marked as optional (`?`) will trigger a compile time error if there are no matching elements
- * in the transclude content. If you wish to know if an optional slot was filled with content, then you can call
- * `$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)` on the transclude function passed to the directive's link function and
- * injectable into the directive's controller.
- *
- *
- * #### Transclusion Functions
- *
- * When a directive requests transclusion, the compiler extracts its contents and provides a **transclusion
- * function** to the directive's `link` function and `controller`. This transclusion function is a special
- * **linking function** that will return the compiled contents linked to a new transclusion scope.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * If you are just using {@link ngTransclude} then you don't need to worry about this function, since
- * ngTransclude will deal with it for us.
- * </div>
- *
- * If you want to manually control the insertion and removal of the transcluded content in your directive
- * then you must use this transclude function. When you call a transclude function it returns a a jqLite/JQuery
- * object that contains the compiled DOM, which is linked to the correct transclusion scope.
- *
- * When you call a transclusion function you can pass in a **clone attach function**. This function accepts
- * two parameters, `function(clone, scope) { ... }`, where the `clone` is a fresh compiled copy of your transcluded
- * content and the `scope` is the newly created transclusion scope, to which the clone is bound.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Best Practice**: Always provide a `cloneFn` (clone attach function) when you call a transclude function
- * since you then get a fresh clone of the original DOM and also have access to the new transclusion scope.
- * </div>
- *
- * It is normal practice to attach your transcluded content (`clone`) to the DOM inside your **clone
- * attach function**:
- *
- * ```js
- * var transcludedContent, transclusionScope;
- *
- * $transclude(function(clone, scope) {
- *   element.append(clone);
- *   transcludedContent = clone;
- *   transclusionScope = scope;
- * });
- * ```
- *
- * Later, if you want to remove the transcluded content from your DOM then you should also destroy the
- * associated transclusion scope:
- *
- * ```js
- * transcludedContent.remove();
- * transclusionScope.$destroy();
- * ```
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
- * **Best Practice**: if you intend to add and remove transcluded content manually in your directive
- * (by calling the transclude function to get the DOM and calling `element.remove()` to remove it),
- * then you are also responsible for calling `$destroy` on the transclusion scope.
- * </div>
- *
- * The built-in DOM manipulation directives, such as {@link ngIf}, {@link ngSwitch} and {@link ngRepeat}
- * automatically destroy their transcluded clones as necessary so you do not need to worry about this if
- * you are simply using {@link ngTransclude} to inject the transclusion into your directive.
- *
- *
- * #### Transclusion Scopes
- *
- * When you call a transclude function it returns a DOM fragment that is pre-bound to a **transclusion
- * scope**. This scope is special, in that it is a child of the directive's scope (and so gets destroyed
- * when the directive's scope gets destroyed) but it inherits the properties of the scope from which it
- * was taken.
- *
- * For example consider a directive that uses transclusion and isolated scope. The DOM hierarchy might look
- * like this:
- *
- * ```html
- * <div ng-app>
- *   <div isolate>
- *     <div transclusion>
- *     </div>
- *   </div>
- * </div>
- * ```
- *
- * The `$parent` scope hierarchy will look like this:
- *
-   ```
-   - $rootScope
-     - isolate
-       - transclusion
-   ```
- *
- * but the scopes will inherit prototypically from different scopes to their `$parent`.
- *
-   ```
-   - $rootScope
-     - transclusion
-   - isolate
-   ```
- *
- *
- * ### Attributes
- *
- * The {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
- * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
- *
- * * *Accessing normalized attribute names:* Directives like 'ngBind' can be expressed in many ways:
- *   'ng:bind', `data-ng-bind`, or 'x-ng-bind'. The attributes object allows for normalized access
- *   to the attributes.
- *
- * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
- *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
- *   communication.
- *
- * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
- *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
- *
- * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
- *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
- *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
- *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
- *
- * ```js
- * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
- *   // get the attribute value
- *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
- *
- *   // change the attribute
- *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
- *
- *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
- *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
- *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
- *   });
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * ## Example
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
- * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
- * </div>
- *
- <example module="compileExample">
-   <file name="index.html">
-    <script>
-      angular.module('compileExample', [], function($compileProvider) {
-        // configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
-        // factory function. The factory function injects the '$compile'
-        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
-          // directive factory creates a link function
-          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
-            scope.$watch(
-              function(scope) {
-                 // watch the 'compile' expression for changes
-                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
-              },
-              function(value) {
-                // when the 'compile' expression changes
-                // assign it into the current DOM
-                element.html(value);
-
-                // compile the new DOM and link it to the current
-                // scope.
-                // NOTE: we only compile .childNodes so that
-                // we don't get into infinite loop compiling ourselves
-                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
-              }
-            );
-          };
-        });
-      })
-      .controller('GreeterController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-        $scope.name = 'Angular';
-        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
-      }]);
-    </script>
-    <div ng-controller="GreeterController">
-      <input ng-model="name"> <br/>
-      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br/>
-      <div compile="html"></div>
-    </div>
-   </file>
-   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-     it('should auto compile', function() {
-       var textarea = $('textarea');
-       var output = $('div[compile]');
-       // The initial state reads 'Hello Angular'.
-       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Hello Angular');
-       textarea.clear();
-       textarea.sendKeys('{{name}}!');
-       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Angular!');
-     });
-   </file>
- </example>
-
- *
- *
- * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
- * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transclude function available to directives - DEPRECATED.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * **Note:** Passing a `transclude` function to the $compile function is deprecated, as it
- *   e.g. will not use the right outer scope. Please pass the transclude function as a
- *   `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to the link function instead.
- * </div>
- *
- * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower than given priority (Only effects the
- *                 root element(s), not their children)
- * @returns {function(scope, cloneAttachFn=, options=)} a link function which is used to bind template
- * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
- *
- *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
- *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
- *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
- *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
- *  called as: <br/> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
- *
- *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
- *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
- *
- *  * `options` - An optional object hash with linking options. If `options` is provided, then the following
- *  keys may be used to control linking behavior:
- *
- *      * `parentBoundTranscludeFn` - the transclude function made available to
- *        directives; if given, it will be passed through to the link functions of
- *        directives found in `element` during compilation.
- *      * `transcludeControllers` - an object hash with keys that map controller names
- *        to a hash with the key `instance`, which maps to the controller instance;
- *        if given, it will make the controllers available to directives on the compileNode:
- *        ```
- *        {
- *          parent: {
- *            instance: parentControllerInstance
- *          }
- *        }
- *        ```
- *      * `futureParentElement` - defines the parent to which the `cloneAttachFn` will add
- *        the cloned elements; only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html
- *        elements (e.g. SVG elements). See also the directive.controller property.
- *
- * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
- * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
- *
- * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to $digest which typically is done by
- * Angular automatically.
- *
- * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
- *
- * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
- *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
- *   ```js
- *     var element = $compile('<p>{{total}}</p>')(scope);
- *   ```
- *
- * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
- *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
- *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
- *   ```js
- *     var templateElement = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
- *         scope = ....;
- *
- *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateElement)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
- *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
- *     });
- *
- *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clonedElement`
- *   ```
- *
- *
- * For information on how the compiler works, see the
- * {@link guide/compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
- */
-
-var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
-
-function UNINITIALIZED_VALUE() {}
-var _UNINITIALIZED_VALUE = new UNINITIALIZED_VALUE();
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $compileProvider
- *
- * @description
- */
-$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
-function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
-  var hasDirectives = {},
-      Suffix = 'Directive',
-      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive\:\s*([\w\-]+)\s+(.*)$/,
-      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\w\-]+)(?:\:([^;]+))?;?)/,
-      ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS = makeMap('ngSrc,ngSrcset,src,srcset'),
-      REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(?:(\^\^?)?(\?)?(\^\^?)?)?/;
-
-  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
-  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
-  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
-  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;
-  var bindingCache = createMap();
-
-  function parseIsolateBindings(scope, directiveName, isController) {
-    var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@&<]|=(\*?))(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;
-
-    var bindings = createMap();
-
-    forEach(scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
-      if (definition in bindingCache) {
-        bindings[scopeName] = bindingCache[definition];
-        return;
-      }
-      var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP);
-
-      if (!match) {
-        throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
-            "Invalid {3} for directive '{0}'." +
-            " Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}",
-            directiveName, scopeName, definition,
-            (isController ? "controller bindings definition" :
-            "isolate scope definition"));
-      }
-
-      bindings[scopeName] = {
-        mode: match[1][0],
-        collection: match[2] === '*',
-        optional: match[3] === '?',
-        attrName: match[4] || scopeName
-      };
-      if (match[4]) {
-        bindingCache[definition] = bindings[scopeName];
-      }
-    });
-
-    return bindings;
-  }
-
-  function parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directiveName) {
-    var bindings = {
-      isolateScope: null,
-      bindToController: null
-    };
-    if (isObject(directive.scope)) {
-      if (directive.bindToController === true) {
-        bindings.bindToController = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
-                                                         directiveName, true);
-        bindings.isolateScope = {};
-      } else {
-        bindings.isolateScope = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
-                                                     directiveName, false);
-      }
-    }
-    if (isObject(directive.bindToController)) {
-      bindings.bindToController =
-          parseIsolateBindings(directive.bindToController, directiveName, true);
-    }
-    if (isObject(bindings.bindToController)) {
-      var controller = directive.controller;
-      var controllerAs = directive.controllerAs;
-      if (!controller) {
-        // There is no controller, there may or may not be a controllerAs property
-        throw $compileMinErr('noctrl',
-              "Cannot bind to controller without directive '{0}'s controller.",
-              directiveName);
-      } else if (!identifierForController(controller, controllerAs)) {
-        // There is a controller, but no identifier or controllerAs property
-        throw $compileMinErr('noident',
-              "Cannot bind to controller without identifier for directive '{0}'.",
-              directiveName);
-      }
-    }
-    return bindings;
-  }
-
-  function assertValidDirectiveName(name) {
-    var letter = name.charAt(0);
-    if (!letter || letter !== lowercase(letter)) {
-      throw $compileMinErr('baddir', "Directive/Component name '{0}' is invalid. The first character must be a lowercase letter", name);
-    }
-    if (name !== name.trim()) {
-      throw $compileMinErr('baddir',
-            "Directive/Component name '{0}' is invalid. The name should not contain leading or trailing whitespaces",
-            name);
-    }
-  }
-
-  function getDirectiveRequire(directive) {
-    var require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
-
-    if (!isArray(require) && isObject(require)) {
-      forEach(require, function(value, key) {
-        var match = value.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
-        var name = value.substring(match[0].length);
-        if (!name) require[key] = match[0] + key;
-      });
-    }
-
-    return require;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#directive
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
-   *
-   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. <code>ngBind</code> which
-   *    will match as <code>ng-bind</code>), or an object map of directives where the keys are the
-   *    names and the values are the factories.
-   * @param {Function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See the
-   *    {@link guide/directive directive guide} and the {@link $compile compile API} for more info.
-   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
-   */
-  this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
-    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
-    if (isString(name)) {
-      assertValidDirectiveName(name);
-      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
-      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-        hasDirectives[name] = [];
-        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
-          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
-            var directives = [];
-            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
-              try {
-                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
-                if (isFunction(directive)) {
-                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
-                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
-                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
-                }
-                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
-                directive.index = index;
-                directive.name = directive.name || name;
-                directive.require = getDirectiveRequire(directive);
-                directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'EA';
-                directive.$$moduleName = directiveFactory.$$moduleName;
-                directives.push(directive);
-              } catch (e) {
-                $exceptionHandler(e);
-              }
-            });
-            return directives;
-          }]);
-      }
-      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
-    } else {
-      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
-    }
-    return this;
-  };
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  },
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#component
-   * @module ng
-   * @param {string} name Name of the component in camelCase (i.e. `myComp` which will match `<my-comp>`)
-   * @param {Object} options Component definition object (a simplified
-   *    {@link ng.$compile#directive-definition-object directive definition object}),
-   *    with the following properties (all optional):
-   *
-   *    - `controller` – `{(string|function()=}` – controller constructor function that should be
-   *      associated with newly created scope or the name of a {@link ng.$compile#-controller-
-   *      registered controller} if passed as a string. An empty `noop` function by default.
-   *    - `controllerAs` – `{string=}` – identifier name for to reference the controller in the component's scope.
-   *      If present, the controller will be published to scope under the `controllerAs` name.
-   *      If not present, this will default to be `$ctrl`.
-   *    - `template` – `{string=|function()=}` – html template as a string or a function that
-   *      returns an html template as a string which should be used as the contents of this component.
-   *      Empty string by default.
-   *
-   *      If `template` is a function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected} with
-   *      the following locals:
-   *
-   *      - `$element` - Current element
-   *      - `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
-   *
-   *    - `templateUrl` – `{string=|function()=}` – path or function that returns a path to an html
-   *      template that should be used  as the contents of this component.
-   *
-   *      If `templateUrl` is a function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected} with
-   *      the following locals:
-   *
-   *      - `$element` - Current element
-   *      - `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
-   *
-   *    - `bindings` – `{object=}` – defines bindings between DOM attributes and component properties.
-   *      Component properties are always bound to the component controller and not to the scope.
-   *      See {@link ng.$compile#-bindtocontroller- `bindToController`}.
-   *    - `transclude` – `{boolean=}` – whether {@link $compile#transclusion content transclusion} is enabled.
-   *      Disabled by default.
-   *    - `require` - `{Object<string, string>=}` - requires the controllers of other directives and binds them to
-   *      this component's controller. The object keys specify the property names under which the required
-   *      controllers (object values) will be bound. See {@link ng.$compile#-require- `require`}.
-   *    - `$...` – additional properties to attach to the directive factory function and the controller
-   *      constructor function. (This is used by the component router to annotate)
+   * @name $location#hash
    *
-   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} the compile provider itself, for chaining of function calls.
    * @description
-   * Register a **component definition** with the compiler. This is a shorthand for registering a special
-   * type of directive, which represents a self-contained UI component in your application. Such components
-   * are always isolated (i.e. `scope: {}`) and are always restricted to elements (i.e. `restrict: 'E'`).
+   * This method is getter / setter.
    *
-   * Component definitions are very simple and do not require as much configuration as defining general
-   * directives. Component definitions usually consist only of a template and a controller backing it.
+   * Returns the hash fragment when called without any parameters.
    *
-   * In order to make the definition easier, components enforce best practices like use of `controllerAs`,
-   * `bindToController`. They always have **isolate scope** and are restricted to elements.
+   * Changes the hash fragment when called with a parameter and returns `$location`.
    *
-   * Here are a few examples of how you would usually define components:
    *
    * ```js
-   *   var myMod = angular.module(...);
-   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
-   *     template: '<div>My name is {{$ctrl.name}}</div>',
-   *     controller: function() {
-   *       this.name = 'shahar';
-   *     }
-   *   });
+   * // given URL http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo#hashValue
+   * var hash = $location.hash();
+   * // => "hashValue"
+   * ```
    *
-   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
-   *     template: '<div>My name is {{$ctrl.name}}</div>',
-   *     bindings: {name: '@'}
-   *   });
+   * @param {(string|number)=} hash New hash fragment
+   * @return {string} hash
+   */
+  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', function(hash) {
+    return hash !== null ? hash.toString() : '';
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#replace
    *
-   *   myMod.component('myComp', {
-   *     templateUrl: 'views/my-comp.html',
-   *     controller: 'MyCtrl',
-   *     controllerAs: 'ctrl',
-   *     bindings: {name: '@'}
-   *   });
+   * @description
+   * If called, all changes to $location during the current `$digest` will replace the current history
+   * record, instead of adding a new one.
+   */
+  replace: function() {
+    this.$$replace = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+forEach([LocationHashbangInHtml5Url, LocationHashbangUrl, LocationHtml5Url], function(Location) {
+  Location.prototype = Object.create(locationPrototype);
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#state
    *
-   * ```
-   * For more examples, and an in-depth guide, see the {@link guide/component component guide}.
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
    *
-   * <br />
-   * See also {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
+   * Return the history state object when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
+   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
+   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
+   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
+   *
+   * @param {object=} state State object for pushState or replaceState
+   * @return {object} state
    */
-  this.component = function registerComponent(name, options) {
-    var controller = options.controller || function() {};
-
-    function factory($injector) {
-      function makeInjectable(fn) {
-        if (isFunction(fn) || isArray(fn)) {
-          return function(tElement, tAttrs) {
-            return $injector.invoke(fn, this, {$element: tElement, $attrs: tAttrs});
-          };
-        } else {
-          return fn;
-        }
-      }
+  Location.prototype.state = function(state) {
+    if (!arguments.length) {
+      return this.$$state;
+    }
 
-      var template = (!options.template && !options.templateUrl ? '' : options.template);
-      var ddo = {
-        controller: controller,
-        controllerAs: identifierForController(options.controller) || options.controllerAs || '$ctrl',
-        template: makeInjectable(template),
-        templateUrl: makeInjectable(options.templateUrl),
-        transclude: options.transclude,
-        scope: {},
-        bindToController: options.bindings || {},
-        restrict: 'E',
-        require: options.require
-      };
+    if (Location !== LocationHtml5Url || !this.$$html5) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('nostate', 'History API state support is available only ' +
+        'in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API');
+    }
+    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.state(stateObject)`
+    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
+    // so the modification window is narrow.
+    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
+    this.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
 
-      // Copy annotations (starting with $) over to the DDO
-      forEach(options, function(val, key) {
-        if (key.charAt(0) === '$') ddo[key] = val;
-      });
+    return this;
+  };
+});
 
-      return ddo;
-    }
 
-    // TODO(pete) remove the following `forEach` before we release 1.6.0
-    // The component-router@0.2.0 looks for the annotations on the controller constructor
-    // Nothing in Angular looks for annotations on the factory function but we can't remove
-    // it from 1.5.x yet.
+function locationGetter(property) {
+  return /** @this */ function() {
+    return this[property];
+  };
+}
+
 
-    // Copy any annotation properties (starting with $) over to the factory and controller constructor functions
-    // These could be used by libraries such as the new component router
-    forEach(options, function(val, key) {
-      if (key.charAt(0) === '$') {
-        factory[key] = val;
-        // Don't try to copy over annotations to named controller
-        if (isFunction(controller)) controller[key] = val;
-      }
-    });
+function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
+  return /** @this */ function(value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return this[property];
+    }
 
-    factory.$inject = ['$injector'];
+    this[property] = preprocess(value);
+    this.$$compose();
 
-    return this.directive(name, factory);
+    return this;
   };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $location
+ *
+ * @requires $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
+ * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
+ * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
+ * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
+ *
+ * **The $location service:**
+ *
+ * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
+ *   - Watch and observe the URL.
+ *   - Change the URL.
+ * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
+ *   - Changes the address bar.
+ *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
+ *   - Clicks on a link.
+ * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
+ *
+ * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
+ */
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $locationProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
+ */
+function $LocationProvider() {
+  var hashPrefix = '!',
+      html5Mode = {
+        enabled: false,
+        requireBase: true,
+        rewriteLinks: true
+      };
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
-   * @kind function
-   *
+   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
    * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
-   *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at preventing XSS attacks via html links.
-   *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
-   *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
+   * The default value for the prefix is `'!'`.
+   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
    */
-  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
+    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
+      hashPrefix = prefix;
       return this;
     } else {
-      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist();
+      return hashPrefix;
     }
   };
 
-
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
-   * @kind function
-   *
+   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
    * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
-   *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
-   *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   * @param {(boolean|Object)=} mode If boolean, sets `html5Mode.enabled` to value.
+   *   If object, sets `enabled`, `requireBase` and `rewriteLinks` to respective values. Supported
+   *   properties:
+   *   - **enabled** – `{boolean}` – (default: false) If true, will rely on `history.pushState` to
+   *     change urls where supported. Will fall back to hash-prefixed paths in browsers that do not
+   *     support `pushState`.
+   *   - **requireBase** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled, specifies
+   *     whether or not a <base> tag is required to be present. If `enabled` and `requireBase` are
+   *     true, and a base tag is not present, an error will be thrown when `$location` is injected.
+   *     See the {@link guide/$location $location guide for more information}
+   *   - **rewriteLinks** - `{boolean|string}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled,
+   *     enables/disables URL rewriting for relative links. If set to a string, URL rewriting will
+   *     only happen on links with an attribute that matches the given string. For example, if set
+   *     to `'internal-link'`, then the URL will only be rewritten for `<a internal-link>` links.
+   *     Note that [attribute name normalization](guide/directive#normalization) does not apply
+   *     here, so `'internalLink'` will **not** match `'internal-link'`.
    *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
+   * @returns {Object} html5Mode object if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
    */
-  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
+    if (isBoolean(mode)) {
+      html5Mode.enabled = mode;
+      return this;
+    } else if (isObject(mode)) {
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.enabled)) {
+        html5Mode.enabled = mode.enabled;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.requireBase)) {
+        html5Mode.requireBase = mode.requireBase;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.rewriteLinks) || isString(mode.rewriteLinks)) {
+        html5Mode.rewriteLinks = mode.rewriteLinks;
+      }
+
       return this;
     } else {
-      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist();
+      return html5Mode;
     }
   };
 
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name  $compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} enabled update the debugInfoEnabled state if provided, otherwise just return the
-   * current debugInfoEnabled state
-   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   *
-   * @kind function
-   *
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
    * @description
-   * Call this method to enable/disable various debug runtime information in the compiler such as adding
-   * binding information and a reference to the current scope on to DOM elements.
-   * If enabled, the compiler will add the following to DOM elements that have been bound to the scope
-   * * `ng-binding` CSS class
-   * * `$binding` data property containing an array of the binding expressions
+   * Broadcasted before a URL will change.
+   *
+   * This change can be prevented by calling
+   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
+   * details about event object. Upon successful change
+   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
    *
-   * You may want to disable this in production for a significant performance boost. See
-   * {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Disabling Debug Data} for more.
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
    *
-   * The default value is true.
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
    */
-  var debugInfoEnabled = true;
-  this.debugInfoEnabled = function(enabled) {
-    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
-      debugInfoEnabled = enabled;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return debugInfoEnabled;
-  };
 
-
-  var TTL = 10;
   /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $compileProvider#onChangesTtl
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
    * @description
+   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
    *
-   * Sets the number of times `$onChanges` hooks can trigger new changes before giving up and
-   * assuming that the model is unstable.
-   *
-   * The current default is 10 iterations.
-   *
-   * In complex applications it's possible that dependencies between `$onChanges` hooks and bindings will result
-   * in several iterations of calls to these hooks. However if an application needs more than the default 10
-   * iterations to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to continuously change during
-   * the `$onChanges` hook execution.
-   *
-   * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without proper justification.
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
    *
-   * @param {number} limit The number of `$onChanges` hook iterations.
-   * @returns {number|object} the current limit (or `this` if called as a setter for chaining)
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
    */
-  this.onChangesTtl = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      TTL = value;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return TTL;
-  };
 
-  this.$get = [
-            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$templateRequest', '$parse',
-            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$sce', '$animate', '$$sanitizeUri',
-    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $templateRequest,   $parse,
-             $controller,   $rootScope,   $sce,   $animate,   $$sanitizeUri) {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$window',
+      function($rootScope, $browser, $sniffer, $rootElement, $window) {
+    var $location,
+        LocationMode,
+        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
+        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
+        appBase;
 
-    var SIMPLE_ATTR_NAME = /^\w/;
-    var specialAttrHolder = window.document.createElement('div');
+    if (html5Mode.enabled) {
+      if (!baseHref && html5Mode.requireBase) {
+        throw $locationMinErr('nobase',
+          '$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!');
+      }
+      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
+      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
+    } else {
+      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
+      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
+    }
+    var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
 
+    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, appBaseNoFile, '#' + hashPrefix);
+    $location.$$parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
 
+    $location.$$state = $browser.state();
 
-    var onChangesTtl = TTL;
-    // The onChanges hooks should all be run together in a single digest
-    // When changes occur, the call to trigger their hooks will be added to this queue
-    var onChangesQueue;
+    var IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
 
-    // This function is called in a $$postDigest to trigger all the onChanges hooks in a single digest
-    function flushOnChangesQueue() {
-      try {
-        if (!(--onChangesTtl)) {
-          // We have hit the TTL limit so reset everything
-          onChangesQueue = undefined;
-          throw $compileMinErr('infchng', '{0} $onChanges() iterations reached. Aborting!\n', TTL);
-        }
-        // We must run this hook in an apply since the $$postDigest runs outside apply
-        $rootScope.$apply(function() {
-          var errors = [];
-          for (var i = 0, ii = onChangesQueue.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-            try {
-              onChangesQueue[i]();
-            } catch (e) {
-              errors.push(e);
-            }
-          }
-          // Reset the queue to trigger a new schedule next time there is a change
-          onChangesQueue = undefined;
-          if (errors.length) {
-            throw errors;
-          }
-        });
-      } finally {
-        onChangesTtl++;
-      }
+    // Determine if two URLs are equal despite potentially having different encoding/normalizing
+    //  such as $location.absUrl() vs $browser.url()
+    // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16592
+    function urlsEqual(a, b) {
+      return a === b || urlResolve(a).href === urlResolve(b).href;
     }
 
-
-    function Attributes(element, attributesToCopy) {
-      if (attributesToCopy) {
-        var keys = Object.keys(attributesToCopy);
-        var i, l, key;
-
-        for (i = 0, l = keys.length; i < l; i++) {
-          key = keys[i];
-          this[key] = attributesToCopy[key];
-        }
-      } else {
-        this.$attr = {};
-      }
-
-      this.$$element = element;
-    }
-
-    Attributes.prototype = {
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$normalize
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Converts an attribute name (e.g. dash/colon/underscore-delimited string, optionally prefixed with `x-` or
-       * `data-`) to its normalized, camelCase form.
-       *
-       * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
-       *
-       * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Name to normalize
-       */
-      $normalize: directiveNormalize,
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
-       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
-       *
-       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
-       */
-      $addClass: function(classVal) {
-        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
-          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
-        }
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
-       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
-       *
-       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
-       */
-      $removeClass: function(classVal) {
-        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
-          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
-        }
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
-       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
-       *
-       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
-       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
-       */
-      $updateClass: function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
-        var toAdd = tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
-        if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
-          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, toAdd);
-        }
-
-        var toRemove = tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
-        if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
-          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, toRemove);
-        }
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
-       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
-       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
-       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
-       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
-       *     Defaults to true.
-       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
-       */
-      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
-        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
-        //is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
-        //become unstable.
-
-        var node = this.$$element[0],
-            booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(node, key),
-            aliasedKey = getAliasedAttrName(key),
-            observer = key,
-            nodeName;
-
-        if (booleanKey) {
-          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
-          attrName = booleanKey;
-        } else if (aliasedKey) {
-          this[aliasedKey] = value;
-          observer = aliasedKey;
-        }
-
-        this[key] = value;
-
-        // translate normalized key to actual key
-        if (attrName) {
-          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
-        } else {
-          attrName = this.$attr[key];
-          if (!attrName) {
-            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
-          }
-        }
-
-        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);
-
-        if ((nodeName === 'a' && (key === 'href' || key === 'xlinkHref')) ||
-            (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'src')) {
-          // sanitize a[href] and img[src] values
-          this[key] = value = $$sanitizeUri(value, key === 'src');
-        } else if (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'srcset' && isDefined(value)) {
-          // sanitize img[srcset] values
-          var result = "";
-
-          // first check if there are spaces because it's not the same pattern
-          var trimmedSrcset = trim(value);
-          //                (   999x   ,|   999w   ,|   ,|,   )
-          var srcPattern = /(\s+\d+x\s*,|\s+\d+w\s*,|\s+,|,\s+)/;
-          var pattern = /\s/.test(trimmedSrcset) ? srcPattern : /(,)/;
-
-          // split srcset into tuple of uri and descriptor except for the last item
-          var rawUris = trimmedSrcset.split(pattern);
-
-          // for each tuples
-          var nbrUrisWith2parts = Math.floor(rawUris.length / 2);
-          for (var i = 0; i < nbrUrisWith2parts; i++) {
-            var innerIdx = i * 2;
-            // sanitize the uri
-            result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(rawUris[innerIdx]), true);
-            // add the descriptor
-            result += (" " + trim(rawUris[innerIdx + 1]));
-          }
-
-          // split the last item into uri and descriptor
-          var lastTuple = trim(rawUris[i * 2]).split(/\s/);
-
-          // sanitize the last uri
-          result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(lastTuple[0]), true);
-
-          // and add the last descriptor if any
-          if (lastTuple.length === 2) {
-            result += (" " + trim(lastTuple[1]));
-          }
-          this[key] = value = result;
-        }
-
-        if (writeAttr !== false) {
-          if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) {
-            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
-          } else {
-            if (SIMPLE_ATTR_NAME.test(attrName)) {
-              this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
-            } else {
-              setSpecialAttr(this.$$element[0], attrName, value);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        // fire observers
-        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
-        $$observers && forEach($$observers[observer], function(fn) {
-          try {
-            fn(value);
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e);
-          }
-        });
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
-       *
-       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
-       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
-       * changes.
-       *
-       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
-       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
-                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
-       *        See the {@link guide/interpolation#how-text-and-attribute-bindings-work Interpolation
-       *        guide} for more info.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this observer.
-       */
-      $observe: function(key, fn) {
-        var attrs = this,
-            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = createMap())),
-            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));
-
-        listeners.push(fn);
-        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
-          if (!listeners.$$inter && attrs.hasOwnProperty(key) && !isUndefined(attrs[key])) {
-            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
-            fn(attrs[key]);
-          }
-        });
-
-        return function() {
-          arrayRemove(listeners, fn);
-        };
-      }
-    };
-
-    function setSpecialAttr(element, attrName, value) {
-      // Attributes names that do not start with letters (such as `(click)`) cannot be set using `setAttribute`
-      // so we have to jump through some hoops to get such an attribute
-      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/13318
-      specialAttrHolder.innerHTML = "<span " + attrName + ">";
-      var attributes = specialAttrHolder.firstChild.attributes;
-      var attribute = attributes[0];
-      // We have to remove the attribute from its container element before we can add it to the destination element
-      attributes.removeNamedItem(attribute.name);
-      attribute.value = value;
-      element.attributes.setNamedItem(attribute);
-    }
-
-    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
+    function setBrowserUrlWithFallback(url, replace, state) {
+      var oldUrl = $location.url();
+      var oldState = $location.$$state;
       try {
-        $element.addClass(className);
-      } catch (e) {
-        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
-        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
-      }
-    }
-
-
-    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
-        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
-        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol == '{{' && endSymbol  == '}}')
-            ? identity
-            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
-              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
-        },
-        NG_ATTR_BINDING = /^ngAttr[A-Z]/;
-    var MULTI_ELEMENT_DIR_RE = /^(.+)Start$/;
+        $browser.url(url, replace, state);
 
-    compile.$$addBindingInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingInfo($element, binding) {
-      var bindings = $element.data('$binding') || [];
+        // Make sure $location.state() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
+        // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
+        // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
+        $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Restore old values if pushState fails
+        $location.url(oldUrl);
+        $location.$$state = oldState;
 
-      if (isArray(binding)) {
-        bindings = bindings.concat(binding);
-      } else {
-        bindings.push(binding);
+        throw e;
       }
+    }
 
-      $element.data('$binding', bindings);
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$addBindingClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingClass($element) {
-      safeAddClass($element, 'ng-binding');
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$addScopeInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeInfo($element, scope, isolated, noTemplate) {
-      var dataName = isolated ? (noTemplate ? '$isolateScopeNoTemplate' : '$isolateScope') : '$scope';
-      $element.data(dataName, scope);
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$addScopeClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeClass($element, isolated) {
-      safeAddClass($element, isolated ? 'ng-isolate-scope' : 'ng-scope');
-    } : noop;
-
-    compile.$$createComment = function(directiveName, comment) {
-      var content = '';
-      if (debugInfoEnabled) {
-        content = ' ' + (directiveName || '') + ': ';
-        if (comment) content += comment + ' ';
-      }
-      return window.document.createComment(content);
-    };
+    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
+      var rewriteLinks = html5Mode.rewriteLinks;
+      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
+      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
 
-    return compile;
+      if (!rewriteLinks || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey || event.which === 2 || event.button === 2) return;
 
-    //================================
+      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
 
-    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
-                        previousCompileContext) {
-      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
-        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
-        // modify it.
-        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
+      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
+      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
+        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
+        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
       }
 
-      var NOT_EMPTY = /\S+/;
+      if (isString(rewriteLinks) && isUndefined(elm.attr(rewriteLinks))) return;
 
-      // We can not compile top level text elements since text nodes can be merged and we will
-      // not be able to attach scope data to them, so we will wrap them in <span>
-      for (var i = 0, len = $compileNodes.length; i < len; i++) {
-        var domNode = $compileNodes[i];
+      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
+      // get the actual href attribute - see
+      // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
+      var relHref = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');
 
-        if (domNode.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT && domNode.nodeValue.match(NOT_EMPTY) /* non-empty */) {
-          jqLiteWrapNode(domNode, $compileNodes[i] = window.document.createElement('span'));
-        }
+      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
+        // an animation.
+        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
       }
 
-      var compositeLinkFn =
-              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
-                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
-      compile.$$addScopeClass($compileNodes);
-      var namespace = null;
-      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, options) {
-        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
-
-        if (previousCompileContext && previousCompileContext.needsNewScope) {
-          // A parent directive did a replace and a directive on this element asked
-          // for transclusion, which caused us to lose a layer of element on which
-          // we could hold the new transclusion scope, so we will create it manually
-          // here.
-          scope = scope.$parent.$new();
-        }
-
-        options = options || {};
-        var parentBoundTranscludeFn = options.parentBoundTranscludeFn,
-          transcludeControllers = options.transcludeControllers,
-          futureParentElement = options.futureParentElement;
-
-        // When `parentBoundTranscludeFn` is passed, it is a
-        // `controllersBoundTransclude` function (it was previously passed
-        // as `transclude` to directive.link) so we must unwrap it to get
-        // its `boundTranscludeFn`
-        if (parentBoundTranscludeFn && parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude) {
-          parentBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude;
-        }
-
-        if (!namespace) {
-          namespace = detectNamespaceForChildElements(futureParentElement);
-        }
-        var $linkNode;
-        if (namespace !== 'html') {
-          // When using a directive with replace:true and templateUrl the $compileNodes
-          // (or a child element inside of them)
-          // might change, so we need to recreate the namespace adapted compileNodes
-          // for call to the link function.
-          // Note: This will already clone the nodes...
-          $linkNode = jqLite(
-            wrapTemplate(namespace, jqLite('<div>').append($compileNodes).html())
-          );
-        } else if (cloneConnectFn) {
-          // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
-          // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
-          $linkNode = JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes);
-        } else {
-          $linkNode = $compileNodes;
-        }
+      // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
+      if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
 
-        if (transcludeControllers) {
-          for (var controllerName in transcludeControllers) {
-            $linkNode.data('$' + controllerName + 'Controller', transcludeControllers[controllerName].instance);
+      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+        if ($location.$$parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
+          // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the AngularJS application,
+          // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
+          // getting double entries in the location history.
+          event.preventDefault();
+          // update location manually
+          if ($location.absUrl() !== $browser.url()) {
+            $rootScope.$apply();
           }
         }
-
-        compile.$$addScopeInfo($linkNode, scope);
-
-        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
-        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
-        return $linkNode;
-      };
-    }
-
-    function detectNamespaceForChildElements(parentElement) {
-      // TODO: Make this detect MathML as well...
-      var node = parentElement && parentElement[0];
-      if (!node) {
-        return 'html';
-      } else {
-        return nodeName_(node) !== 'foreignobject' && toString.call(node).match(/SVG/) ? 'svg' : 'html';
       }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
-     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
-     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
-     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
-     *
-     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
-     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
-     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
-     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
-     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
-     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
-     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
-     * @returns {Function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
-     */
-    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
-                            previousCompileContext) {
-      var linkFns = [],
-          attrs, directives, nodeLinkFn, childNodes, childLinkFn, linkFnFound, nodeLinkFnFound;
-
-      for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
-        attrs = new Attributes();
+    });
 
-        // we must always refer to nodeList[i] since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
-        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
-                                        ignoreDirective);
 
-        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
-            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
-                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
-            : null;
+    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
+    if ($location.absUrl() !== initialUrl) {
+      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
+    }
 
-        if (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.scope) {
-          compile.$$addScopeClass(attrs.$$element);
-        }
+    var initializing = true;
 
-        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
-                      !(childNodes = nodeList[i].childNodes) ||
-                      !childNodes.length)
-            ? null
-            : compileNodes(childNodes,
-                 nodeLinkFn ? (
-                  (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement || !nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement)
-                     && nodeLinkFn.transclude) : transcludeFn);
-
-        if (nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn) {
-          linkFns.push(i, nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn);
-          linkFnFound = true;
-          nodeLinkFnFound = nodeLinkFnFound || nodeLinkFn;
-        }
+    // update $location when $browser url changes
+    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl, newState) {
 
-        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
-        previousCompileContext = null;
+      if (!startsWith(newUrl, appBaseNoFile)) {
+        // If we are navigating outside of the app then force a reload
+        $window.location.href = newUrl;
+        return;
       }
 
-      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
-      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;
-
-      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
-        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, childScope, i, ii, idx, childBoundTranscludeFn;
-        var stableNodeList;
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+        var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $location.$$state;
+        var defaultPrevented;
+        $location.$$parse(newUrl);
+        $location.$$state = newState;
 
+        defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+            newState, oldState).defaultPrevented;
 
-        if (nodeLinkFnFound) {
-          // copy nodeList so that if a nodeLinkFn removes or adds an element at this DOM level our
-          // offsets don't get screwed up
-          var nodeListLength = nodeList.length;
-          stableNodeList = new Array(nodeListLength);
+        // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+        // processing this location change
+        if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
 
-          // create a sparse array by only copying the elements which have a linkFn
-          for (i = 0; i < linkFns.length; i+=3) {
-            idx = linkFns[i];
-            stableNodeList[idx] = nodeList[idx];
-          }
+        if (defaultPrevented) {
+          $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+          $location.$$state = oldState;
+          setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, false, oldState);
         } else {
-          stableNodeList = nodeList;
+          initializing = false;
+          afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
         }
+      });
+      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
+    });
 
-        for (i = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii;) {
-          node = stableNodeList[linkFns[i++]];
-          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
-          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+    // update browser
+    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
+      if (initializing || $location.$$urlUpdatedByLocation) {
+        $location.$$urlUpdatedByLocation = false;
 
-          if (nodeLinkFn) {
-            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
-              childScope = scope.$new();
-              compile.$$addScopeInfo(jqLite(node), childScope);
-            } else {
-              childScope = scope;
-            }
+        var oldUrl = $browser.url();
+        var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $browser.state();
+        var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
+        var urlOrStateChanged = !urlsEqual(oldUrl, newUrl) ||
+          ($location.$$html5 && $sniffer.history && oldState !== $location.$$state);
 
-            if (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(
-                  scope, nodeLinkFn.transclude, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+        if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
+          initializing = false;
 
-            } else if (!nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement && parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn;
+          $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+            var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+            var defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+                $location.$$state, oldState).defaultPrevented;
 
-            } else if (!parentBoundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn);
+            // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+            // processing this location change
+            if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
 
+            if (defaultPrevented) {
+              $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+              $location.$$state = oldState;
             } else {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = null;
+              if (urlOrStateChanged) {
+                setBrowserUrlWithFallback(newUrl, currentReplace,
+                                          oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state);
+              }
+              afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
             }
-
-            nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
-
-          } else if (childLinkFn) {
-            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
-          }
+          });
         }
       }
-    }
-
-    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn, previousBoundTranscludeFn) {
-      function boundTranscludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers, futureParentElement, containingScope) {
 
-        if (!transcludedScope) {
-          transcludedScope = scope.$new(false, containingScope);
-          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
-        }
+      $location.$$replace = false;
 
-        return transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, {
-          parentBoundTranscludeFn: previousBoundTranscludeFn,
-          transcludeControllers: controllers,
-          futureParentElement: futureParentElement
-        });
-      }
+      // we don't need to return anything because $evalAsync will make the digest loop dirty when
+      // there is a change
+    });
 
-      // We need  to attach the transclusion slots onto the `boundTranscludeFn`
-      // so that they are available inside the `controllersBoundTransclude` function
-      var boundSlots = boundTranscludeFn.$$slots = createMap();
-      for (var slotName in transcludeFn.$$slots) {
-        if (transcludeFn.$$slots[slotName]) {
-          boundSlots[slotName] = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn.$$slots[slotName], previousBoundTranscludeFn);
-        } else {
-          boundSlots[slotName] = null;
-        }
-      }
+    return $location;
 
-      return boundTranscludeFn;
+    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
+      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl,
+        $location.$$state, oldState);
     }
+}];
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
-     * sorted.
-     *
-     * @param node Node to search.
-     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
-     *        the function returns.
-     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
-     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
-     */
-    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
-      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
-          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
-          match,
-          className;
-
-      switch (nodeType) {
-        case NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: /* Element */
-          // use the node name: <directive>
-          addDirective(directives,
-              directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node)), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
-
-          // iterate over the attributes
-          for (var attr, name, nName, ngAttrName, value, isNgAttr, nAttrs = node.attributes,
-                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
-            var attrStartName = false;
-            var attrEndName = false;
-
-            attr = nAttrs[j];
-            name = attr.name;
-            value = trim(attr.value);
-
-            // support ngAttr attribute binding
-            ngAttrName = directiveNormalize(name);
-            if (isNgAttr = NG_ATTR_BINDING.test(ngAttrName)) {
-              name = name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, '')
-                .substr(8).replace(/_(.)/g, function(match, letter) {
-                  return letter.toUpperCase();
-                });
-            }
-
-            var multiElementMatch = ngAttrName.match(MULTI_ELEMENT_DIR_RE);
-            if (multiElementMatch && directiveIsMultiElement(multiElementMatch[1])) {
-              attrStartName = name;
-              attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
-              name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
-            }
-
-            nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
-            attrsMap[nName] = name;
-            if (isNgAttr || !attrs.hasOwnProperty(nName)) {
-                attrs[nName] = value;
-                if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
-                  attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
-                }
-            }
-            addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName, isNgAttr);
-            addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
-                          attrEndName);
-          }
-
-          // use class as directive
-          className = node.className;
-          if (isObject(className)) {
-              // Maybe SVGAnimatedString
-              className = className.animVal;
-          }
-          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
-            while (match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className)) {
-              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
-              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
-                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
-              }
-              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        case NODE_TYPE_TEXT: /* Text Node */
-          if (msie === 11) {
-            // Workaround for #11781
-            while (node.parentNode && node.nextSibling && node.nextSibling.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT) {
-              node.nodeValue = node.nodeValue + node.nextSibling.nodeValue;
-              node.parentNode.removeChild(node.nextSibling);
-            }
-          }
-          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
-          break;
-        case NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: /* Comment */
-          collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
-          break;
-      }
-
-      directives.sort(byPriority);
-      return directives;
-    }
-
-    function collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
-      // function created because of performance, try/catch disables
-      // the optimization of the whole function #14848
-      try {
-        var match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
-        if (match) {
-          var nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
-          if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
-            attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
-          }
-        }
-      } catch (e) {
-        // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
-        // comment's node value.
-        // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
-      }
-    }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $log
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
+ * into the browser's console (if present).
+ *
+ * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
+ *
+ * To reveal the location of the calls to `$log` in the JavaScript console,
+ * you can "blackbox" the AngularJS source in your browser:
+ *
+ * [Mozilla description of blackboxing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Debugger/How_to/Black_box_a_source).
+ * [Chrome description of blackboxing](https://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/blackboxing).
+ *
+ * Note: Not all browsers support blackboxing.
+ *
+ * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="logExample" name="log-service">
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('logExample', [])
+         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
+           $scope.$log = $log;
+           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="LogController">
+         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
+         <label>Message:
+         <input type="text" ng-model="message" /></label>
+         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.debug(message)">debug</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
 
-    /**
-     * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
-     * directive-end.
-     * @param node
-     * @param attrStart
-     * @param attrEnd
-     * @returns {*}
-     */
-    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
-      var nodes = [];
-      var depth = 0;
-      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
-        do {
-          if (!node) {
-            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
-                      "Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.",
-                      attrStart, attrEnd);
-          }
-          if (node.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
-            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
-            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
-          }
-          nodes.push(node);
-          node = node.nextSibling;
-        } while (depth > 0);
-      } else {
-        nodes.push(node);
-      }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $logProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
+ */
+function $LogProvider() {
+  var debug = true,
+      self = this;
 
-      return jqLite(nodes);
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
+   * @description
+   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
+    if (isDefined(flag)) {
+      debug = flag;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return debug;
     }
+  };
 
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
-     * linking function.
-     * @param linkFn
-     * @param attrStart
-     * @param attrEnd
-     * @returns {Function}
-     */
-    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
-      return function groupedElementsLink(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
-        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
-        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
-      };
-    }
+  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11, Edge 12-14+
+    // IE/Edge display errors in such a way that it requires the user to click in 4 places
+    // to see the stack trace. There is no way to feature-detect it so there's a chance
+    // of the user agent sniffing to go wrong but since it's only about logging, this shouldn't
+    // break apps. Other browsers display errors in a sensible way and some of them map stack
+    // traces along source maps if available so it makes sense to let browsers display it
+    // as they want.
+    var formatStackTrace = msie || /\bEdge\//.test($window.navigator && $window.navigator.userAgent);
 
-    /**
-     * A function generator that is used to support both eager and lazy compilation
-     * linking function.
-     * @param eager
-     * @param $compileNodes
-     * @param transcludeFn
-     * @param maxPriority
-     * @param ignoreDirective
-     * @param previousCompileContext
-     * @returns {Function}
-     */
-    function compilationGenerator(eager, $compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext) {
-      var compiled;
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a log message
+       */
+      log: consoleLog('log'),
 
-      if (eager) {
-        return compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
-      }
-      return function lazyCompilation() {
-        if (!compiled) {
-          compiled = compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#info
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an information message
+       */
+      info: consoleLog('info'),
 
-          // Null out all of these references in order to make them eligible for garbage collection
-          // since this is a potentially long lived closure
-          $compileNodes = transcludeFn = previousCompileContext = null;
-        }
-        return compiled.apply(this, arguments);
-      };
-    }
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#warn
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a warning message
+       */
+      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
 
-    /**
-     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
-     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
-     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
-     *
-     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
-     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
-     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
-     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
-     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
-     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
-     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
-     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
-     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
-     *                              on it.
-     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
-     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
-     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
-     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
-     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
-     *                                        node
-     * @returns {Function} linkFn
-     */
-    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
-                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
-                                   previousCompileContext) {
-      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};
-
-      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
-          newScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newScopeDirective,
-          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
-          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
-          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
-          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
-          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
-          hasTemplate = false,
-          hasElementTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective,
-          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
-          directive,
-          directiveName,
-          $template,
-          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
-          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
-          linkFn,
-          didScanForMultipleTransclusion = false,
-          mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError = false,
-          directiveValue;
-
-      // executes all directives on the current element
-      for (var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        directive = directives[i];
-        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
-        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;
-
-        // collect multiblock sections
-        if (attrStart) {
-          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
-        }
-        $template = undefined;
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#error
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an error message
+       */
+      error: consoleLog('error'),
 
-        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
-          break; // prevent further processing of directives
-        }
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#debug
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a debug message
+       */
+      debug: (function() {
+        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
 
-        if (directiveValue = directive.scope) {
-
-          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
-          // directive when the template arrives
-          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
-            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
-              // This directive is trying to add an isolated scope.
-              // Check that there is no scope of any kind already
-              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective,
-                                directive, $compileNode);
-              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
-            } else {
-              // This directive is trying to add a child scope.
-              // Check that there is no isolated scope already
-              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
-                                $compileNode);
-            }
+        return function() {
+          if (debug) {
+            fn.apply(self, arguments);
           }
+        };
+      })()
+    };
 
-          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;
-        }
-
-        directiveName = directive.name;
-
-        // If we encounter a condition that can result in transclusion on the directive,
-        // then scan ahead in the remaining directives for others that may cause a multiple
-        // transclusion error to be thrown during the compilation process.  If a matching directive
-        // is found, then we know that when we encounter a transcluded directive, we need to eagerly
-        // compile the `transclude` function rather than doing it lazily in order to throw
-        // exceptions at the correct time
-        if (!didScanForMultipleTransclusion && ((directive.replace && (directive.templateUrl || directive.template))
-            || (directive.transclude && !directive.$$tlb))) {
-                var candidateDirective;
-
-                for (var scanningIndex = i + 1; candidateDirective = directives[scanningIndex++];) {
-                    if ((candidateDirective.transclude && !candidateDirective.$$tlb)
-                        || (candidateDirective.replace && (candidateDirective.templateUrl || candidateDirective.template))) {
-                        mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                didScanForMultipleTransclusion = true;
+    function formatError(arg) {
+      if (isError(arg)) {
+        if (arg.stack && formatStackTrace) {
+          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
+              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
+              : arg.stack;
+        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
+          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
         }
+      }
+      return arg;
+    }
 
-        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
-          directiveValue = directive.controller;
-          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || createMap();
-          assertNoDuplicate("'" + directiveName + "' controller",
-              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
-          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
-        }
+    function consoleLog(type) {
+      var console = $window.console || {},
+          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop;
 
-        if (directiveValue = directive.transclude) {
-          hasTranscludeDirective = true;
+      return function() {
+        var args = [];
+        forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
+          args.push(formatError(arg));
+        });
+        // Support: IE 9 only
+        // console methods don't inherit from Function.prototype in IE 9 so we can't
+        // call `logFn.apply(console, args)` directly.
+        return Function.prototype.apply.call(logFn, console, args);
+      };
+    }
+  }];
+}
 
-          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
-          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to safely handle element transclusion,
-          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
-          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
-            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
-            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
-          }
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-          if (directiveValue == 'element') {
-            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
-            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
-            $template = $compileNode;
-            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
-                jqLite(compile.$$createComment(directiveName, templateAttrs[directiveName]));
-            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
-            replaceWith(jqCollection, sliceArgs($template), compileNode);
-
-            // Support: Chrome < 50
-            // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14041
-
-            // In the versions of V8 prior to Chrome 50, the document fragment that is created
-            // in the `replaceWith` function is improperly garbage collected despite still
-            // being referenced by the `parentNode` property of all of the child nodes.  By adding
-            // a reference to the fragment via a different property, we can avoid that incorrect
-            // behavior.
-            // TODO: remove this line after Chrome 50 has been released
-            $template[0].$$parentNode = $template[0].parentNode;
-
-            childTranscludeFn = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, $template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
-                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
-                                          // Don't pass in:
-                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
-                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
-                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
-                                          //
-                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
-                                          // on the same element more than once.
-                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
-                                        });
-          } else {
+var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
 
-            var slots = createMap();
+var objectValueOf = {}.constructor.prototype.valueOf;
 
-            $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
+// Sandboxing AngularJS Expressions
+// ------------------------------
+// AngularJS expressions are no longer sandboxed. So it is now even easier to access arbitrary JS code by
+// various means such as obtaining a reference to native JS functions like the Function constructor.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following AngularJS expression:
+//
+//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
+//
+// It is important to realize that if you create an expression from a string that contains user provided
+// content then it is possible that your application contains a security vulnerability to an XSS style attack.
+//
+// See https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/security
 
-            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
 
-              // We have transclusion slots,
-              // collect them up, compile them and store their transclusion functions
-              $template = [];
+function getStringValue(name) {
+  // Property names must be strings. This means that non-string objects cannot be used
+  // as keys in an object. Any non-string object, including a number, is typecasted
+  // into a string via the toString method.
+  // -- MDN, https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_accessors#Property_names
+  //
+  // So, to ensure that we are checking the same `name` that JavaScript would use, we cast it
+  // to a string. It's not always possible. If `name` is an object and its `toString` method is
+  // 'broken' (doesn't return a string, isn't a function, etc.), an error will be thrown:
+  //
+  // TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value
+  //
+  // For performance reasons, we don't catch this error here and allow it to propagate up the call
+  // stack. Note that you'll get the same error in JavaScript if you try to access a property using
+  // such a 'broken' object as a key.
+  return name + '';
+}
 
-              var slotMap = createMap();
-              var filledSlots = createMap();
 
-              // Parse the element selectors
-              forEach(directiveValue, function(elementSelector, slotName) {
-                // If an element selector starts with a ? then it is optional
-                var optional = (elementSelector.charAt(0) === '?');
-                elementSelector = optional ? elementSelector.substring(1) : elementSelector;
+var OPERATORS = createMap();
+forEach('+ - * / % === !== == != < > <= >= && || ! = |'.split(' '), function(operator) { OPERATORS[operator] = true; });
+var ESCAPE = {'n':'\n', 'f':'\f', 'r':'\r', 't':'\t', 'v':'\v', '\'':'\'', '"':'"'};
 
-                slotMap[elementSelector] = slotName;
 
-                // We explicitly assign `null` since this implies that a slot was defined but not filled.
-                // Later when calling boundTransclusion functions with a slot name we only error if the
-                // slot is `undefined`
-                slots[slotName] = null;
+/////////////////////////////////////////
 
-                // filledSlots contains `true` for all slots that are either optional or have been
-                // filled. This is used to check that we have not missed any required slots
-                filledSlots[slotName] = optional;
-              });
 
-              // Add the matching elements into their slot
-              forEach($compileNode.contents(), function(node) {
-                var slotName = slotMap[directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node))];
-                if (slotName) {
-                  filledSlots[slotName] = true;
-                  slots[slotName] = slots[slotName] || [];
-                  slots[slotName].push(node);
-                } else {
-                  $template.push(node);
-                }
-              });
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Lexer = function Lexer(options) {
+  this.options = options;
+};
 
-              // Check for required slots that were not filled
-              forEach(filledSlots, function(filled, slotName) {
-                if (!filled) {
-                  throw $compileMinErr('reqslot', 'Required transclusion slot `{0}` was not filled.', slotName);
-                }
-              });
+Lexer.prototype = {
+  constructor: Lexer,
 
-              for (var slotName in slots) {
-                if (slots[slotName]) {
-                  // Only define a transclusion function if the slot was filled
-                  slots[slotName] = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, slots[slotName], transcludeFn);
-                }
-              }
-            }
+  lex: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.index = 0;
+    this.tokens = [];
 
-            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
-            childTranscludeFn = compilationGenerator(mightHaveMultipleTransclusionError, $template, transcludeFn, undefined,
-                undefined, { needsNewScope: directive.$$isolateScope || directive.$$newScope});
-            childTranscludeFn.$$slots = slots;
-          }
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (ch === '"' || ch === '\'') {
+        this.readString(ch);
+      } else if (this.isNumber(ch) || ch === '.' && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
+        this.readNumber();
+      } else if (this.isIdentifierStart(this.peekMultichar())) {
+        this.readIdent();
+      } else if (this.is(ch, '(){}[].,;:?')) {
+        this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch});
+        this.index++;
+      } else if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
+        this.index++;
+      } else {
+        var ch2 = ch + this.peek();
+        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
+        var op1 = OPERATORS[ch];
+        var op2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
+        var op3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
+        if (op1 || op2 || op3) {
+          var token = op3 ? ch3 : (op2 ? ch2 : ch);
+          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: token, operator: true});
+          this.index += token.length;
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
         }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.tokens;
+  },
 
-        if (directive.template) {
-          hasTemplate = true;
-          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
-          templateDirective = directive;
+  is: function(ch, chars) {
+    return chars.indexOf(ch) !== -1;
+  },
 
-          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
-              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
-              : directive.template;
-
-          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);
+  peek: function(i) {
+    var num = i || 1;
+    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
+  },
 
-          if (directive.replace) {
-            replaceDirective = directive;
-            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(directiveValue)) {
-              $template = [];
-            } else {
-              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(directive.templateNamespace, trim(directiveValue)));
-            }
-            compileNode = $template[0];
+  isNumber: function(ch) {
+    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') && typeof ch === 'string';
+  },
 
-            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
-              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
-                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
-                  directiveName, '');
-            }
+  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
+    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
+    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
+            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
+  },
 
-            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);
+  isIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
+    return this.options.isIdentifierStart ?
+        this.options.isIdentifierStart(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
+        this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch);
+  },
 
-            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+  isValidIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
+    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
+            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
+            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
+  },
 
-            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
-            // - take the array of directives for this element
-            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
-            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
-            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
-            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
-            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));
+  isIdentifierContinue: function(ch) {
+    return this.options.isIdentifierContinue ?
+        this.options.isIdentifierContinue(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
+        this.isValidIdentifierContinue(ch);
+  },
 
-            if (newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective) {
-              // The original directive caused the current element to be replaced but this element
-              // also needs to have a new scope, so we need to tell the template directives
-              // that they would need to get their scope from further up, if they require transclusion
-              markDirectiveScope(templateDirectives, newIsolateScopeDirective, newScopeDirective);
-            }
-            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
-            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);
+  isValidIdentifierContinue: function(ch, cp) {
+    return this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch, cp) || this.isNumber(ch);
+  },
 
-            ii = directives.length;
-          } else {
-            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
-          }
-        }
+  codePointAt: function(ch) {
+    if (ch.length === 1) return ch.charCodeAt(0);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+    return (ch.charCodeAt(0) << 10) + ch.charCodeAt(1) - 0x35FDC00;
+  },
 
-        if (directive.templateUrl) {
-          hasTemplate = true;
-          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
-          templateDirective = directive;
+  peekMultichar: function() {
+    var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+    var peek = this.peek();
+    if (!peek) {
+      return ch;
+    }
+    var cp1 = ch.charCodeAt(0);
+    var cp2 = peek.charCodeAt(0);
+    if (cp1 >= 0xD800 && cp1 <= 0xDBFF && cp2 >= 0xDC00 && cp2 <= 0xDFFF) {
+      return ch + peek;
+    }
+    return ch;
+  },
 
-          if (directive.replace) {
-            replaceDirective = directive;
-          }
+  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
+    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
+  },
 
-          /* jshint -W021 */
-          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
-          /* jshint +W021 */
-              templateAttrs, jqCollection, hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
-                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
-                newScopeDirective: (newScopeDirective !== directive) && newScopeDirective,
-                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
-                templateDirective: templateDirective,
-                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
-              });
-          ii = directives.length;
-        } else if (directive.compile) {
-          try {
-            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
-            var context = directive.$$originalDirective || directive;
-            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
-              addLinkFns(null, bind(context, linkFn), attrStart, attrEnd);
-            } else if (linkFn) {
-              addLinkFns(bind(context, linkFn.pre), bind(context, linkFn.post), attrStart, attrEnd);
-            }
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
-          }
-        }
+  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
+    end = end || this.index;
+    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
+            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
+            : ' ' + end);
+    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
+        error, colStr, this.text);
+  },
 
-        if (directive.terminal) {
-          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
-          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
+  readNumber: function() {
+    var number = '';
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
+      if (ch === '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
+        number += ch;
+      } else {
+        var peekCh = this.peek();
+        if (ch === 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) === 'e') {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) === 'e') {
+          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
+        } else {
+          break;
         }
-
       }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: number,
+      constant: true,
+      value: Number(number)
+    });
+  },
 
-      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
-      nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement = hasTranscludeDirective;
-      nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement = hasTemplate;
-      nodeLinkFn.transclude = childTranscludeFn;
-
-      previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective = hasElementTranscludeDirective;
-
-      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
-      return nodeLinkFn;
-
-      ////////////////////
+  readIdent: function() {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index += this.peekMultichar().length;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.peekMultichar();
+      if (!this.isIdentifierContinue(ch)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      this.index += ch.length;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: this.text.slice(start, this.index),
+      identifier: true
+    });
+  },
 
-      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
-        if (pre) {
-          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
-          pre.require = directive.require;
-          pre.directiveName = directiveName;
-          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
-            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
-          }
-          preLinkFns.push(pre);
-        }
-        if (post) {
-          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
-          post.require = directive.require;
-          post.directiveName = directiveName;
-          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
-            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
+  readString: function(quote) {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index++;
+    var string = '';
+    var rawString = quote;
+    var escape = false;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      rawString += ch;
+      if (escape) {
+        if (ch === 'u') {
+          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
+          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i)) {
+            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
           }
-          postLinkFns.push(post);
+          this.index += 4;
+          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
+        } else {
+          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
+          string = string + (rep || ch);
         }
+        escape = false;
+      } else if (ch === '\\') {
+        escape = true;
+      } else if (ch === quote) {
+        this.index++;
+        this.tokens.push({
+          index: start,
+          text: rawString,
+          constant: true,
+          value: string
+        });
+        return;
+      } else {
+        string += ch;
       }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
+  }
+};
 
-      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
-        var i, ii, linkFn, isolateScope, controllerScope, elementControllers, transcludeFn, $element,
-            attrs, scopeBindingInfo;
-
-        if (compileNode === linkNode) {
-          attrs = templateAttrs;
-          $element = templateAttrs.$$element;
-        } else {
-          $element = jqLite(linkNode);
-          attrs = new Attributes($element, templateAttrs);
-        }
+var AST = function AST(lexer, options) {
+  this.lexer = lexer;
+  this.options = options;
+};
 
-        controllerScope = scope;
-        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
-          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);
-        } else if (newScopeDirective) {
-          controllerScope = scope.$parent;
-        }
+AST.Program = 'Program';
+AST.ExpressionStatement = 'ExpressionStatement';
+AST.AssignmentExpression = 'AssignmentExpression';
+AST.ConditionalExpression = 'ConditionalExpression';
+AST.LogicalExpression = 'LogicalExpression';
+AST.BinaryExpression = 'BinaryExpression';
+AST.UnaryExpression = 'UnaryExpression';
+AST.CallExpression = 'CallExpression';
+AST.MemberExpression = 'MemberExpression';
+AST.Identifier = 'Identifier';
+AST.Literal = 'Literal';
+AST.ArrayExpression = 'ArrayExpression';
+AST.Property = 'Property';
+AST.ObjectExpression = 'ObjectExpression';
+AST.ThisExpression = 'ThisExpression';
+AST.LocalsExpression = 'LocalsExpression';
 
-        if (boundTranscludeFn) {
-          // track `boundTranscludeFn` so it can be unwrapped if `transcludeFn`
-          // is later passed as `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to `publicLinkFn`
-          transcludeFn = controllersBoundTransclude;
-          transcludeFn.$$boundTransclude = boundTranscludeFn;
-          // expose the slots on the `$transclude` function
-          transcludeFn.isSlotFilled = function(slotName) {
-            return !!boundTranscludeFn.$$slots[slotName];
-          };
-        }
+// Internal use only
+AST.NGValueParameter = 'NGValueParameter';
 
-        if (controllerDirectives) {
-          elementControllers = setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope, newIsolateScopeDirective);
-        }
+AST.prototype = {
+  ast: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
 
-        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
-          // Initialize isolate scope bindings for new isolate scope directive.
-          compile.$$addScopeInfo($element, isolateScope, true, !(templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective ||
-              templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)));
-          compile.$$addScopeClass($element, true);
-          isolateScope.$$isolateBindings =
-              newIsolateScopeDirective.$$isolateBindings;
-          scopeBindingInfo = initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, isolateScope,
-                                        isolateScope.$$isolateBindings,
-                                        newIsolateScopeDirective);
-          if (scopeBindingInfo.removeWatches) {
-            isolateScope.$on('$destroy', scopeBindingInfo.removeWatches);
-          }
-        }
+    var value = this.program();
 
-        // Initialize bindToController bindings
-        for (var name in elementControllers) {
-          var controllerDirective = controllerDirectives[name];
-          var controller = elementControllers[name];
-          var bindings = controllerDirective.$$bindings.bindToController;
+    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
+      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
+    }
 
-          if (controller.identifier && bindings) {
-            controller.bindingInfo =
-              initializeDirectiveBindings(controllerScope, attrs, controller.instance, bindings, controllerDirective);
-          } else {
-            controller.bindingInfo = {};
-          }
+    return value;
+  },
 
-          var controllerResult = controller();
-          if (controllerResult !== controller.instance) {
-            // If the controller constructor has a return value, overwrite the instance
-            // from setupControllers
-            controller.instance = controllerResult;
-            $element.data('$' + controllerDirective.name + 'Controller', controllerResult);
-            controller.bindingInfo.removeWatches && controller.bindingInfo.removeWatches();
-            controller.bindingInfo =
-              initializeDirectiveBindings(controllerScope, attrs, controller.instance, bindings, controllerDirective);
-          }
-        }
+  program: function() {
+    var body = [];
+    while (true) {
+      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
+        body.push(this.expressionStatement());
+      if (!this.expect(';')) {
+        return { type: AST.Program, body: body};
+      }
+    }
+  },
 
-        // Bind the required controllers to the controller, if `require` is an object and `bindToController` is truthy
-        forEach(controllerDirectives, function(controllerDirective, name) {
-          var require = controllerDirective.require;
-          if (controllerDirective.bindToController && !isArray(require) && isObject(require)) {
-            extend(elementControllers[name].instance, getControllers(name, require, $element, elementControllers));
-          }
-        });
+  expressionStatement: function() {
+    return { type: AST.ExpressionStatement, expression: this.filterChain() };
+  },
 
-        // Handle the init and destroy lifecycle hooks on all controllers that have them
-        forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
-          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onChanges)) {
-            try {
-              controllerInstance.$onChanges(controller.bindingInfo.initialChanges);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onInit)) {
-            try {
-              controllerInstance.$onInit();
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$doCheck)) {
-            controllerScope.$watch(function() { controllerInstance.$doCheck(); });
-            controllerInstance.$doCheck();
-          }
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onDestroy)) {
-            controllerScope.$on('$destroy', function callOnDestroyHook() {
-              controllerInstance.$onDestroy();
-            });
-          }
-        });
+  filterChain: function() {
+    var left = this.expression();
+    while (this.expect('|')) {
+      left = this.filter(left);
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-        // PRELINKING
-        for (i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
-          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
-              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
-              $element,
-              attrs,
-              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
-              transcludeFn
-          );
-        }
+  expression: function() {
+    return this.assignment();
+  },
 
-        // RECURSION
-        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
-        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
-        var scopeToChild = scope;
-        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
-          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
-        }
-        childLinkFn && childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);
-
-        // POSTLINKING
-        for (i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-          linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
-          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
-              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
-              $element,
-              attrs,
-              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
-              transcludeFn
-          );
-        }
+  assignment: function() {
+    var result = this.ternary();
+    if (this.expect('=')) {
+      if (!isAssignable(result)) {
+        throw $parseMinErr('lval', 'Trying to assign a value to a non l-value');
+      }
 
-        // Trigger $postLink lifecycle hooks
-        forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
-          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
-          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$postLink)) {
-            controllerInstance.$postLink();
-          }
-        });
+      result = { type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: result, right: this.assignment(), operator: '='};
+    }
+    return result;
+  },
 
-        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
-        // Note: all arguments are optional!
-        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn, futureParentElement, slotName) {
-          var transcludeControllers;
-          // No scope passed in:
-          if (!isScope(scope)) {
-            slotName = futureParentElement;
-            futureParentElement = cloneAttachFn;
-            cloneAttachFn = scope;
-            scope = undefined;
-          }
-
-          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
-            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
-          }
-          if (!futureParentElement) {
-            futureParentElement = hasElementTranscludeDirective ? $element.parent() : $element;
-          }
-          if (slotName) {
-            // slotTranscludeFn can be one of three things:
-            //  * a transclude function - a filled slot
-            //  * `null` - an optional slot that was not filled
-            //  * `undefined` - a slot that was not declared (i.e. invalid)
-            var slotTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn.$$slots[slotName];
-            if (slotTranscludeFn) {
-              return slotTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
-            } else if (isUndefined(slotTranscludeFn)) {
-              throw $compileMinErr('noslot',
-               'No parent directive that requires a transclusion with slot name "{0}". ' +
-               'Element: {1}',
-               slotName, startingTag($element));
-            }
-          } else {
-            return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
-          }
-        }
+  ternary: function() {
+    var test = this.logicalOR();
+    var alternate;
+    var consequent;
+    if (this.expect('?')) {
+      alternate = this.expression();
+      if (this.consume(':')) {
+        consequent = this.expression();
+        return { type: AST.ConditionalExpression, test: test, alternate: alternate, consequent: consequent};
       }
     }
+    return test;
+  },
 
-    function getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers) {
-      var value;
-
-      if (isString(require)) {
-        var match = require.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
-        var name = require.substring(match[0].length);
-        var inheritType = match[1] || match[3];
-        var optional = match[2] === '?';
-
-        //If only parents then start at the parent element
-        if (inheritType === '^^') {
-          $element = $element.parent();
-        //Otherwise attempt getting the controller from elementControllers in case
-        //the element is transcluded (and has no data) and to avoid .data if possible
-        } else {
-          value = elementControllers && elementControllers[name];
-          value = value && value.instance;
-        }
-
-        if (!value) {
-          var dataName = '$' + name + 'Controller';
-          value = inheritType ? $element.inheritedData(dataName) : $element.data(dataName);
-        }
-
-        if (!value && !optional) {
-          throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
-              "Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!",
-              name, directiveName);
-        }
-      } else if (isArray(require)) {
-        value = [];
-        for (var i = 0, ii = require.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          value[i] = getControllers(directiveName, require[i], $element, elementControllers);
-        }
-      } else if (isObject(require)) {
-        value = {};
-        forEach(require, function(controller, property) {
-          value[property] = getControllers(directiveName, controller, $element, elementControllers);
-        });
-      }
-
-      return value || null;
+  logicalOR: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalAND();
+    while (this.expect('||')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '||', left: left, right: this.logicalAND() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-    function setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope, newIsolateScopeDirective) {
-      var elementControllers = createMap();
-      for (var controllerKey in controllerDirectives) {
-        var directive = controllerDirectives[controllerKey];
-        var locals = {
-          $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
-          $element: $element,
-          $attrs: attrs,
-          $transclude: transcludeFn
-        };
+  logicalAND: function() {
+    var left = this.equality();
+    while (this.expect('&&')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '&&', left: left, right: this.equality()};
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-        var controller = directive.controller;
-        if (controller == '@') {
-          controller = attrs[directive.name];
-        }
+  equality: function() {
+    var left = this.relational();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.relational() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-        var controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals, true, directive.controllerAs);
+  relational: function() {
+    var left = this.additive();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.additive() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-        // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment.
-        // In this case .data will not attach any data.
-        // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
-        // later, once we have the actual element.
-        elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
-        $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance.instance);
-      }
-      return elementControllers;
+  additive: function() {
+    var left = this.multiplicative();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.multiplicative() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-    // Depending upon the context in which a directive finds itself it might need to have a new isolated
-    // or child scope created. For instance:
-    // * if the directive has been pulled into a template because another directive with a higher priority
-    // asked for element transclusion
-    // * if the directive itself asks for transclusion but it is at the root of a template and the original
-    // element was replaced. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/12936
-    function markDirectiveScope(directives, isolateScope, newScope) {
-      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
-        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: isolateScope, $$newScope: newScope});
-      }
+  multiplicative: function() {
+    var left = this.unary();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.unary() };
     }
+    return left;
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
-     * call this the boundDirective.
-     *
-     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
-     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
-     *   String containing any of theses characters:
-     *
-     *   * `E`: element name
-     *   * `A': attribute
-     *   * `C`: class
-     *   * `M`: comment
-     * @returns {boolean} true if directive was added.
-     */
-    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
-                          endAttrName) {
-      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
-      var match = null;
-      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
-            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          try {
-            directive = directives[i];
-            if ((isUndefined(maxPriority) || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
-                 directive.restrict.indexOf(location) != -1) {
-              if (startAttrName) {
-                directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
-              }
-              if (!directive.$$bindings) {
-                var bindings = directive.$$bindings =
-                    parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directive.name);
-                if (isObject(bindings.isolateScope)) {
-                  directive.$$isolateBindings = bindings.isolateScope;
-                }
-              }
-              tDirectives.push(directive);
-              match = directive;
-            }
-          } catch (e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }
-        }
-      }
-      return match;
+  unary: function() {
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('+', '-', '!'))) {
+      return { type: AST.UnaryExpression, operator: token.text, prefix: true, argument: this.unary() };
+    } else {
+      return this.primary();
     }
+  },
 
+  primary: function() {
+    var primary;
+    if (this.expect('(')) {
+      primary = this.filterChain();
+      this.consume(')');
+    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
+      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
+    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
+      primary = this.object();
+    } else if (this.selfReferential.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
+      primary = copy(this.selfReferential[this.consume().text]);
+    } else if (this.options.literals.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
+      primary = { type: AST.Literal, value: this.options.literals[this.consume().text]};
+    } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+      primary = this.identifier();
+    } else if (this.peek().constant) {
+      primary = this.constant();
+    } else {
+      this.throwError('not a primary expression', this.peek());
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * looks up the directive and returns true if it is a multi-element directive,
-     * and therefore requires DOM nodes between -start and -end markers to be grouped
-     * together.
-     *
-     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
-     * @returns true if directive was registered as multi-element.
-     */
-    function directiveIsMultiElement(name) {
-      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
-            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          directive = directives[i];
-          if (directive.multiElement) {
-            return true;
-          }
-        }
+    var next;
+    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
+      if (next.text === '(') {
+        primary = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: primary, arguments: this.parseArguments() };
+        this.consume(')');
+      } else if (next.text === '[') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.expression(), computed: true };
+        this.consume(']');
+      } else if (next.text === '.') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.identifier(), computed: false };
+      } else {
+        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
       }
-      return false;
     }
+    return primary;
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
-     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
-     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
-     *
-     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
-     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
-     */
-    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
-      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
-          dstAttr = dst.$attr,
-          $element = dst.$$element;
-
-      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
-      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
-        if (key.charAt(0) != '$') {
-          if (src[key] && src[key] !== value) {
-            value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
-          }
-          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
-        }
-      });
+  filter: function(baseExpression) {
+    var args = [baseExpression];
+    var result = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: this.identifier(), arguments: args, filter: true};
 
-      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
-      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
-        // Check if we already set this attribute in the loop above.
-        // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
-        // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
-        // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
-        if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.charAt(0) !== '$') {
-          dst[key] = value;
-
-          if (key !== 'class' && key !== 'style') {
-            dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
-          }
-        }
-      });
+    while (this.expect(':')) {
+      args.push(this.expression());
     }
 
+    return result;
+  },
 
-    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
-        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
-      var linkQueue = [],
-          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
-          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
-          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
-          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
-          derivedSyncDirective = inherit(origAsyncDirective, {
-            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
-          }),
-          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
-              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
-              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl,
-          templateNamespace = origAsyncDirective.templateNamespace;
-
-      $compileNode.empty();
-
-      $templateRequest(templateUrl)
-        .then(function(content) {
-          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+  parseArguments: function() {
+    var args = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
+      do {
+        args.push(this.filterChain());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    return args;
+  },
 
-          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);
+  identifier: function() {
+    var token = this.consume();
+    if (!token.identifier) {
+      this.throwError('is not a valid identifier', token);
+    }
+    return { type: AST.Identifier, name: token.text };
+  },
 
-          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
-            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(content)) {
-              $template = [];
-            } else {
-              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(templateNamespace, trim(content)));
-            }
-            compileNode = $template[0];
+  constant: function() {
+    // TODO check that it is a constant
+    return { type: AST.Literal, value: this.consume().value };
+  },
 
-            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
-              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
-                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
-                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
-            }
+  arrayDeclaration: function() {
+    var elements = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek(']')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        elements.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume(']');
 
-            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
-            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
-            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);
+    return { type: AST.ArrayExpression, elements: elements };
+  },
 
-            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
-              // the original directive that caused the template to be loaded async required
-              // an isolate scope
-              markDirectiveScope(templateDirectives, true);
-            }
-            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
-            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
+  object: function() {
+    var properties = [], property;
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek('}')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        property = {type: AST.Property, kind: 'init'};
+        if (this.peek().constant) {
+          property.key = this.constant();
+          property.computed = false;
+          this.consume(':');
+          property.value = this.expression();
+        } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+          property.key = this.identifier();
+          property.computed = false;
+          if (this.peek(':')) {
+            this.consume(':');
+            property.value = this.expression();
           } else {
-            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
-            $compileNode.html(content);
-          }
-
-          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);
-
-          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
-              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
-              previousCompileContext);
-          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
-            if (node == compileNode) {
-              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
-            }
-          });
-          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);
-
-          while (linkQueue.length) {
-            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
-                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
-                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
-                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
-                linkNode = $compileNode[0];
-
-            if (scope.$$destroyed) continue;
-
-            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
-              var oldClasses = beforeTemplateLinkNode.className;
-
-              if (!(previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective &&
-                  origAsyncDirective.replace)) {
-                // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
-                linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
-              }
-              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);
-
-              // Copy in CSS classes from original node
-              safeAddClass(jqLite(linkNode), oldClasses);
-            }
-            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
-            } else {
-              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
-            }
-            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
-              childBoundTranscludeFn);
+            property.value = property.key;
           }
-          linkQueue = null;
-        });
-
-      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
-        var childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
-        if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
-        if (linkQueue) {
-          linkQueue.push(scope,
-                         node,
-                         rootElement,
-                         childBoundTranscludeFn);
+        } else if (this.peek('[')) {
+          this.consume('[');
+          property.key = this.expression();
+          this.consume(']');
+          property.computed = true;
+          this.consume(':');
+          property.value = this.expression();
         } else {
-          if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
-            childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
-          }
-          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
+          this.throwError('invalid key', this.peek());
         }
-      };
+        properties.push(property);
+      } while (this.expect(','));
     }
+    this.consume('}');
 
+    return {type: AST.ObjectExpression, properties: properties };
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * Sorting function for bound directives.
-     */
-    function byPriority(a, b) {
-      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
-      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
-      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
-      return a.index - b.index;
-    }
-
-    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
+  throwError: function(msg, token) {
+    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
+        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
+          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
+  },
 
-      function wrapModuleNameIfDefined(moduleName) {
-        return moduleName ?
-          (' (module: ' + moduleName + ')') :
-          '';
-      }
-
-      if (previousDirective) {
-        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}{1}, {2}{3}] asking for {4} on: {5}',
-            previousDirective.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(previousDirective.$$moduleName),
-            directive.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(directive.$$moduleName), what, startingTag(element));
-      }
+  consume: function(e1) {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
     }
 
+    var token = this.expect(e1);
+    if (!token) {
+      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
+    }
+    return token;
+  },
 
-    function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
-      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
-      if (interpolateFn) {
-        directives.push({
-          priority: 0,
-          compile: function textInterpolateCompileFn(templateNode) {
-            var templateNodeParent = templateNode.parent(),
-                hasCompileParent = !!templateNodeParent.length;
-
-            // When transcluding a template that has bindings in the root
-            // we don't have a parent and thus need to add the class during linking fn.
-            if (hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(templateNodeParent);
-
-            return function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
-              var parent = node.parent();
-              if (!hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(parent);
-              compile.$$addBindingInfo(parent, interpolateFn.expressions);
-              scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
-                node[0].nodeValue = value;
-              });
-            };
-          }
-        });
-      }
+  peekToken: function() {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
     }
+    return this.tokens[0];
+  },
 
+  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    return this.peekAhead(0, e1, e2, e3, e4);
+  },
 
-    function wrapTemplate(type, template) {
-      type = lowercase(type || 'html');
-      switch (type) {
-      case 'svg':
-      case 'math':
-        var wrapper = window.document.createElement('div');
-        wrapper.innerHTML = '<' + type + '>' + template + '</' + type + '>';
-        return wrapper.childNodes[0].childNodes;
-      default:
-        return template;
+  peekAhead: function(i, e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    if (this.tokens.length > i) {
+      var token = this.tokens[i];
+      var t = token.text;
+      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
+          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
+        return token;
       }
     }
+    return false;
+  },
 
-
-    function getTrustedContext(node, attrNormalizedName) {
-      if (attrNormalizedName == "srcdoc") {
-        return $sce.HTML;
-      }
-      var tag = nodeName_(node);
-      // maction[xlink:href] can source SVG.  It's not limited to <maction>.
-      if (attrNormalizedName == "xlinkHref" ||
-          (tag == "form" && attrNormalizedName == "action") ||
-          (tag != "img" && (attrNormalizedName == "src" ||
-                            attrNormalizedName == "ngSrc"))) {
-        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
-      }
+  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
+    if (token) {
+      this.tokens.shift();
+      return token;
     }
+    return false;
+  },
 
+  selfReferential: {
+    'this': {type: AST.ThisExpression },
+    '$locals': {type: AST.LocalsExpression }
+  }
+};
 
-    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name, allOrNothing) {
-      var trustedContext = getTrustedContext(node, name);
-      allOrNothing = ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS[name] || allOrNothing;
+function ifDefined(v, d) {
+  return typeof v !== 'undefined' ? v : d;
+}
 
-      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
+function plusFn(l, r) {
+  if (typeof l === 'undefined') return r;
+  if (typeof r === 'undefined') return l;
+  return l + r;
+}
 
-      // no interpolation found -> ignore
-      if (!interpolateFn) return;
+function isStateless($filter, filterName) {
+  var fn = $filter(filterName);
+  return !fn.$stateful;
+}
 
+var PURITY_ABSOLUTE = 1;
+var PURITY_RELATIVE = 2;
 
-      if (name === "multiple" && nodeName_(node) === "select") {
-        throw $compileMinErr("selmulti",
-            "Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}",
-            startingTag(node));
+// Detect nodes which could depend on non-shallow state of objects
+function isPure(node, parentIsPure) {
+  switch (node.type) {
+    // Computed members might invoke a stateful toString()
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      if (node.computed) {
+        return false;
       }
+      break;
 
-      directives.push({
-        priority: 100,
-        compile: function() {
-            return {
-              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
-                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = createMap()));
+    // Unary always convert to primative
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      return PURITY_ABSOLUTE;
 
-                if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
-                  throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents',
-                      "Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the " +
-                          "ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.");
-                }
+    // The binary + operator can invoke a stateful toString().
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      return node.operator !== '+' ? PURITY_ABSOLUTE : false;
 
-                // If the attribute has changed since last $interpolate()ed
-                var newValue = attr[name];
-                if (newValue !== value) {
-                  // we need to interpolate again since the attribute value has been updated
-                  // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
-                  // ensure unset/empty values make interpolateFn falsy
-                  interpolateFn = newValue && $interpolate(newValue, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
-                  value = newValue;
-                }
+    // Functions / filters probably read state from within objects
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      return false;
+  }
 
-                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
-                // register any observers
-                if (!interpolateFn) return;
-
-                // initialize attr object so that it's ready in case we need the value for isolate
-                // scope initialization, otherwise the value would not be available from isolate
-                // directive's linking fn during linking phase
-                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);
-
-                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
-                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
-                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
-                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
-                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
-                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
-                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
-                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
-                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
-                    if (name === 'class' && newValue != oldValue) {
-                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
-                    } else {
-                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
-                    }
-                  });
-              }
-            };
-          }
-      });
-    }
+  return (undefined === parentIsPure) ? PURITY_RELATIVE : parentIsPure;
+}
 
+function findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, $filter, parentIsPure) {
+  var allConstants;
+  var argsToWatch;
+  var isStatelessFilter;
 
-    /**
-     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
-     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
-     *
-     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
-     *                               in the root of the tree.
-     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
-     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
-     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
-     */
-    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
-      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
-          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
-          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
-          i, ii;
-
-      if ($rootElement) {
-        for (i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          if ($rootElement[i] == firstElementToRemove) {
-            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
-            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
-                     jj = $rootElement.length;
-                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
-              if (j2 < jj) {
-                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
-              } else {
-                delete $rootElement[j];
-              }
-            }
-            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
+  var astIsPure = ast.isPure = isPure(ast, parentIsPure);
 
-            // If the replaced element is also the jQuery .context then replace it
-            // .context is a deprecated jQuery api, so we should set it only when jQuery set it
-            // http://api.jquery.com/context/
-            if ($rootElement.context === firstElementToRemove) {
-              $rootElement.context = newNode;
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-        }
+  switch (ast.type) {
+  case AST.Program:
+    allConstants = true;
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr.expression, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.expression.constant;
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    break;
+  case AST.Literal:
+    ast.constant = true;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  case AST.UnaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.argument, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.argument.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.argument.toWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.BinaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.left.toWatch.concat(ast.right.toWatch);
+    break;
+  case AST.LogicalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.test, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.alternate, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.consequent, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.test.constant && ast.alternate.constant && ast.consequent.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.Identifier:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.MemberExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.object, $filter, astIsPure);
+    if (ast.computed) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.property, $filter, astIsPure);
+    }
+    ast.constant = ast.object.constant && (!ast.computed || ast.property.constant);
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.CallExpression:
+    isStatelessFilter = ast.filter ? isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) : false;
+    allConstants = isStatelessFilter;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = isStatelessFilter ? argsToWatch : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter, astIsPure);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter, astIsPure);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ArrayExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ObjectExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.value, $filter, astIsPure);
+      allConstants = allConstants && property.value.constant;
+      argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.value.toWatch);
+      if (property.computed) {
+        //`{[key]: value}` implicitly does `key.toString()` which may be non-pure
+        findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.key, $filter, /*parentIsPure=*/false);
+        allConstants = allConstants && property.key.constant;
+        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.key.toWatch);
       }
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ThisExpression:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  case AST.LocalsExpression:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  }
+}
 
-      if (parent) {
-        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
-      }
+function getInputs(body) {
+  if (body.length !== 1) return;
+  var lastExpression = body[0].expression;
+  var candidate = lastExpression.toWatch;
+  if (candidate.length !== 1) return candidate;
+  return candidate[0] !== lastExpression ? candidate : undefined;
+}
 
-      // Append all the `elementsToRemove` to a fragment. This will...
-      // - remove them from the DOM
-      // - allow them to still be traversed with .nextSibling
-      // - allow a single fragment.qSA to fetch all elements being removed
-      var fragment = window.document.createDocumentFragment();
-      for (i = 0; i < removeCount; i++) {
-        fragment.appendChild(elementsToRemove[i]);
-      }
+function isAssignable(ast) {
+  return ast.type === AST.Identifier || ast.type === AST.MemberExpression;
+}
 
-      if (jqLite.hasData(firstElementToRemove)) {
-        // Copy over user data (that includes Angular's $scope etc.). Don't copy private
-        // data here because there's no public interface in jQuery to do that and copying over
-        // event listeners (which is the main use of private data) wouldn't work anyway.
-        jqLite.data(newNode, jqLite.data(firstElementToRemove));
+function assignableAST(ast) {
+  if (ast.body.length === 1 && isAssignable(ast.body[0].expression)) {
+    return {type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: ast.body[0].expression, right: {type: AST.NGValueParameter}, operator: '='};
+  }
+}
 
-        // Remove $destroy event listeners from `firstElementToRemove`
-        jqLite(firstElementToRemove).off('$destroy');
-      }
+function isLiteral(ast) {
+  return ast.body.length === 0 ||
+      ast.body.length === 1 && (
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.Literal ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ArrayExpression ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ObjectExpression);
+}
+
+function isConstant(ast) {
+  return ast.constant;
+}
 
-      // Cleanup any data/listeners on the elements and children.
-      // This includes invoking the $destroy event on any elements with listeners.
-      jqLite.cleanData(fragment.querySelectorAll('*'));
+function ASTCompiler($filter) {
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+}
 
-      // Update the jqLite collection to only contain the `newNode`
-      for (i = 1; i < removeCount; i++) {
-        delete elementsToRemove[i];
-      }
-      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
-      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
+ASTCompiler.prototype = {
+  compile: function(ast) {
+    var self = this;
+    this.state = {
+      nextId: 0,
+      filters: {},
+      fn: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      assign: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      inputs: []
+    };
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var extra = '';
+    var assignable;
+    this.stage = 'assign';
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      this.state.computing = 'assign';
+      var result = this.nextId();
+      this.recurse(assignable, result);
+      this.return_(result);
+      extra = 'fn.assign=' + this.generateFunction('assign', 's,v,l');
     }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    self.stage = 'inputs';
+    forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+      var fnKey = 'fn' + key;
+      self.state[fnKey] = {vars: [], body: [], own: {}};
+      self.state.computing = fnKey;
+      var intoId = self.nextId();
+      self.recurse(watch, intoId);
+      self.return_(intoId);
+      self.state.inputs.push({name: fnKey, isPure: watch.isPure});
+      watch.watchId = key;
+    });
+    this.state.computing = 'fn';
+    this.stage = 'main';
+    this.recurse(ast);
+    var fnString =
+      // The build and minification steps remove the string "use strict" from the code, but this is done using a regex.
+      // This is a workaround for this until we do a better job at only removing the prefix only when we should.
+      '"' + this.USE + ' ' + this.STRICT + '";\n' +
+      this.filterPrefix() +
+      'var fn=' + this.generateFunction('fn', 's,l,a,i') +
+      extra +
+      this.watchFns() +
+      'return fn;';
 
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+    var fn = (new Function('$filter',
+        'getStringValue',
+        'ifDefined',
+        'plus',
+        fnString))(
+          this.$filter,
+          getStringValue,
+          ifDefined,
+          plusFn);
+    this.state = this.stage = undefined;
+    return fn;
+  },
 
-    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
-      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
-    }
+  USE: 'use',
 
+  STRICT: 'strict',
 
-    function invokeLinkFn(linkFn, scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
-      try {
-        linkFn(scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
-      } catch (e) {
-        $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
+  watchFns: function() {
+    var result = [];
+    var inputs = this.state.inputs;
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(inputs, function(input) {
+      result.push('var ' + input.name + '=' + self.generateFunction(input.name, 's'));
+      if (input.isPure) {
+        result.push(input.name, '.isPure=' + JSON.stringify(input.isPure) + ';');
       }
+    });
+    if (inputs.length) {
+      result.push('fn.inputs=[' + inputs.map(function(i) { return i.name; }).join(',') + '];');
     }
+    return result.join('');
+  },
 
+  generateFunction: function(name, params) {
+    return 'function(' + params + '){' +
+        this.varsPrefix(name) +
+        this.body(name) +
+        '};';
+  },
+
+  filterPrefix: function() {
+    var parts = [];
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(this.state.filters, function(id, filter) {
+      parts.push(id + '=$filter(' + self.escape(filter) + ')');
+    });
+    if (parts.length) return 'var ' + parts.join(',') + ';';
+    return '';
+  },
 
-    // Set up $watches for isolate scope and controller bindings. This process
-    // only occurs for isolate scopes and new scopes with controllerAs.
-    function initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, destination, bindings, directive) {
-      var removeWatchCollection = [];
-      var initialChanges = {};
-      var changes;
-      forEach(bindings, function initializeBinding(definition, scopeName) {
-        var attrName = definition.attrName,
-        optional = definition.optional,
-        mode = definition.mode, // @, =, <, or &
-        lastValue,
-        parentGet, parentSet, compare, removeWatch;
+  varsPrefix: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].vars.length ? 'var ' + this.state[section].vars.join(',') + ';' : '';
+  },
 
-        switch (mode) {
+  body: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].body.join('');
+  },
 
-          case '@':
-            if (!optional && !hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
-              destination[scopeName] = attrs[attrName] = void 0;
+  recurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args, expression, computed;
+    recursionFn = recursionFn || noop;
+    if (!skipWatchIdCheck && isDefined(ast.watchId)) {
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      this.if_('i',
+        this.lazyAssign(intoId, this.computedMember('i', ast.watchId)),
+        this.lazyRecurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, true)
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Program:
+      forEach(ast.body, function(expression, pos) {
+        self.recurse(expression.expression, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+        if (pos !== ast.body.length - 1) {
+          self.current().body.push(right, ';');
+        } else {
+          self.return_(right);
+        }
+      });
+      break;
+    case AST.Literal:
+      expression = this.escape(ast.value);
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.argument, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      expression = ast.operator + '(' + this.ifDefined(right, 0) + ')';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { left = expr; });
+      this.recurse(ast.right, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      if (ast.operator === '+') {
+        expression = this.plus(left, right);
+      } else if (ast.operator === '-') {
+        expression = this.ifDefined(left, 0) + ast.operator + this.ifDefined(right, 0);
+      } else {
+        expression = '(' + left + ')' + ast.operator + '(' + right + ')';
+      }
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.left, intoId);
+      self.if_(ast.operator === '&&' ? intoId : self.not(intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.right, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.test, intoId);
+      self.if_(intoId, self.lazyRecurse(ast.alternate, intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.consequent, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (nameId) {
+        nameId.context = self.stage === 'inputs' ? 's' : this.assign(this.nextId(), this.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name) + '?l:s');
+        nameId.computed = false;
+        nameId.name = ast.name;
+      }
+      self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || self.not(self.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name)),
+        function() {
+          self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || 's', function() {
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(
+                self.isNull(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name)),
+                self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name), '{}'));
             }
-            attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
-              if (isString(value) || isBoolean(value)) {
-                var oldValue = destination[scopeName];
-                recordChanges(scopeName, value, oldValue);
-                destination[scopeName] = value;
-              }
-            });
-            attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
-            lastValue = attrs[attrName];
-            if (isString(lastValue)) {
-              // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
-              // the value is there for use in the link fn
-              destination[scopeName] = $interpolate(lastValue)(scope);
-            } else if (isBoolean(lastValue)) {
-              // If the attributes is one of the BOOLEAN_ATTR then Angular will have converted
-              // the value to boolean rather than a string, so we special case this situation
-              destination[scopeName] = lastValue;
+            self.assign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name));
+          });
+        }, intoId && self.lazyAssign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('l', ast.name))
+        );
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = nameId && (nameId.context = this.nextId()) || this.nextId();
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.object, left, undefined, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left), function() {
+          if (ast.computed) {
+            right = self.nextId();
+            self.recurse(ast.property, right);
+            self.getStringValue(right);
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.not(self.computedMember(left, right)), self.lazyAssign(self.computedMember(left, right), '{}'));
             }
-            initialChanges[scopeName] = new SimpleChange(_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, destination[scopeName]);
-            break;
-
-          case '=':
-            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
-              if (optional) break;
-              attrs[attrName] = void 0;
+            expression = self.computedMember(left, right);
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = true;
+              nameId.name = right;
             }
-            if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) break;
-
-            parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
-            if (parentGet.literal) {
-              compare = equals;
-            } else {
-              compare = function simpleCompare(a, b) { return a === b || (a !== a && b !== b); };
+          } else {
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.isNull(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name)), self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name), '{}'));
             }
-            parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
-              // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
-              lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
-              throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
-                  "Expression '{0}' in attribute '{1}' used with directive '{2}' is non-assignable!",
-                  attrs[attrName], attrName, directive.name);
-            };
-            lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
-            var parentValueWatch = function parentValueWatch(parentValue) {
-              if (!compare(parentValue, destination[scopeName])) {
-                // we are out of sync and need to copy
-                if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
-                  // parent changed and it has precedence
-                  destination[scopeName] = parentValue;
-                } else {
-                  // if the parent can be assigned then do so
-                  parentSet(scope, parentValue = destination[scopeName]);
-                }
-              }
-              return lastValue = parentValue;
-            };
-            parentValueWatch.$stateful = true;
-            if (definition.collection) {
-              removeWatch = scope.$watchCollection(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch);
-            } else {
-              removeWatch = scope.$watch($parse(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch), null, parentGet.literal);
+            expression = self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name);
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = false;
+              nameId.name = ast.property.name;
             }
-            removeWatchCollection.push(removeWatch);
-            break;
-
-          case '<':
-            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
-              if (optional) break;
-              attrs[attrName] = void 0;
+          }
+        }, function() {
+          self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
+        });
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      }, !!create);
+      break;
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (ast.filter) {
+        right = self.filter(ast.callee.name);
+        args = [];
+        forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+          var argument = self.nextId();
+          self.recurse(expr, argument);
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
+        expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+        self.assign(intoId, expression);
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      } else {
+        right = self.nextId();
+        left = {};
+        args = [];
+        self.recurse(ast.callee, right, left, function() {
+          self.if_(self.notNull(right), function() {
+            forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+              self.recurse(expr, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+                args.push(argument);
+              });
+            });
+            if (left.name) {
+              expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+            } else {
+              expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
             }
-            if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) break;
-
-            parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
-
-            var initialValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
-            initialChanges[scopeName] = new SimpleChange(_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, destination[scopeName]);
-
-            removeWatch = scope.$watch(parentGet, function parentValueWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
-              if (oldValue === newValue) {
-                if (oldValue === initialValue) return;
-                oldValue = initialValue;
-              }
-              recordChanges(scopeName, newValue, oldValue);
-              destination[scopeName] = newValue;
-            }, parentGet.literal);
-
-            removeWatchCollection.push(removeWatch);
-            break;
-
-          case '&':
-            // Don't assign Object.prototype method to scope
-            parentGet = attrs.hasOwnProperty(attrName) ? $parse(attrs[attrName]) : noop;
-
-            // Don't assign noop to destination if expression is not valid
-            if (parentGet === noop && optional) break;
-
-            destination[scopeName] = function(locals) {
-              return parentGet(scope, locals);
-            };
-            break;
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          }, function() {
+            self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
+          });
+          recursionFn(intoId);
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      right = this.nextId();
+      left = {};
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, left, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left.context), function() {
+          self.recurse(ast.right, right);
+          expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + ast.operator + right;
+          self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+        });
+      }, 1);
+      break;
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        self.recurse(expr, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
+      });
+      expression = '[' + args.join(',') + ']';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      computed = false;
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        if (property.computed) {
+          computed = true;
         }
       });
-
-      function recordChanges(key, currentValue, previousValue) {
-        if (isFunction(destination.$onChanges) && currentValue !== previousValue) {
-          // If we have not already scheduled the top level onChangesQueue handler then do so now
-          if (!onChangesQueue) {
-            scope.$$postDigest(flushOnChangesQueue);
-            onChangesQueue = [];
-          }
-          // If we have not already queued a trigger of onChanges for this controller then do so now
-          if (!changes) {
-            changes = {};
-            onChangesQueue.push(triggerOnChangesHook);
-          }
-          // If the has been a change on this property already then we need to reuse the previous value
-          if (changes[key]) {
-            previousValue = changes[key].previousValue;
+      if (computed) {
+        intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+        this.assign(intoId, '{}');
+        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+          if (property.computed) {
+            left = self.nextId();
+            self.recurse(property.key, left);
+          } else {
+            left = property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
+                       property.key.name :
+                       ('' + property.key.value);
           }
-          // Store this change
-          changes[key] = new SimpleChange(previousValue, currentValue);
-        }
-      }
-
-      function triggerOnChangesHook() {
-        destination.$onChanges(changes);
-        // Now clear the changes so that we schedule onChanges when more changes arrive
-        changes = undefined;
+          right = self.nextId();
+          self.recurse(property.value, right);
+          self.assign(self.member(intoId, left, property.computed), right);
+        });
+      } else {
+        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+          self.recurse(property.value, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(expr) {
+            args.push(self.escape(
+                property.key.type === AST.Identifier ? property.key.name :
+                  ('' + property.key.value)) +
+                ':' + expr);
+          });
+        });
+        expression = '{' + args.join(',') + '}';
+        this.assign(intoId, expression);
       }
-
-      return {
-        initialChanges: initialChanges,
-        removeWatches: removeWatchCollection.length && function removeWatches() {
-          for (var i = 0, ii = removeWatchCollection.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-            removeWatchCollection[i]();
-          }
-        }
-      };
+      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      this.assign(intoId, 's');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 's');
+      break;
+    case AST.LocalsExpression:
+      this.assign(intoId, 'l');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 'l');
+      break;
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      this.assign(intoId, 'v');
+      recursionFn(intoId || 'v');
+      break;
     }
-  }];
-}
-
-function SimpleChange(previous, current) {
-  this.previousValue = previous;
-  this.currentValue = current;
-}
-SimpleChange.prototype.isFirstChange = function() { return this.previousValue === _UNINITIALIZED_VALUE; };
-
-
-var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^((?:x|data)[\:\-_])/i;
-/**
- * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
- * @param name Name to normalize
- */
-function directiveNormalize(name) {
-  return camelCase(name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, ''));
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name $compile.directive.Attributes
- *
- * @description
- * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
- * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
- * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in Angular:
- *
- * ```
- *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
- * ```
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc property
- * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
- *
- * @description
- * A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
- * needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc method
- * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$set
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Set DOM element attribute value.
- *
- *
- * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
- *          reverse-translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
- *          property to the original name.
- * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
- */
+  },
 
+  getHasOwnProperty: function(element, property) {
+    var key = element + '.' + property;
+    var own = this.current().own;
+    if (!own.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+      own[key] = this.nextId(false, element + '&&(' + this.escape(property) + ' in ' + element + ')');
+    }
+    return own[key];
+  },
 
+  assign: function(id, value) {
+    if (!id) return;
+    this.current().body.push(id, '=', value, ';');
+    return id;
+  },
 
-/**
- * Closure compiler type information
- */
+  filter: function(filterName) {
+    if (!this.state.filters.hasOwnProperty(filterName)) {
+      this.state.filters[filterName] = this.nextId(true);
+    }
+    return this.state.filters[filterName];
+  },
 
-function nodesetLinkingFn(
-  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
-  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
-  /* Element */ rootElement,
-  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
-) {}
-
-function directiveLinkingFn(
-  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
-  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
-  /* Node */ node,
-  /* Element */ rootElement,
-  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
-) {}
-
-function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
-  var values = '',
-      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
-      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);
-
-  outer:
-  for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
-    var token = tokens1[i];
-    for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
-      if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
-    }
-    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
-  }
-  return values;
-}
+  ifDefined: function(id, defaultValue) {
+    return 'ifDefined(' + id + ',' + this.escape(defaultValue) + ')';
+  },
 
-function removeComments(jqNodes) {
-  jqNodes = jqLite(jqNodes);
-  var i = jqNodes.length;
+  plus: function(left, right) {
+    return 'plus(' + left + ',' + right + ')';
+  },
 
-  if (i <= 1) {
-    return jqNodes;
-  }
+  return_: function(id) {
+    this.current().body.push('return ', id, ';');
+  },
 
-  while (i--) {
-    var node = jqNodes[i];
-    if (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
-      splice.call(jqNodes, i, 1);
+  if_: function(test, alternate, consequent) {
+    if (test === true) {
+      alternate();
+    } else {
+      var body = this.current().body;
+      body.push('if(', test, '){');
+      alternate();
+      body.push('}');
+      if (consequent) {
+        body.push('else{');
+        consequent();
+        body.push('}');
+      }
     }
-  }
-  return jqNodes;
-}
-
-var $controllerMinErr = minErr('$controller');
-
-
-var CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+([\w$]+))?$/;
-function identifierForController(controller, ident) {
-  if (ident && isString(ident)) return ident;
-  if (isString(controller)) {
-    var match = CNTRL_REG.exec(controller);
-    if (match) return match[3];
-  }
-}
+  },
 
+  not: function(expression) {
+    return '!(' + expression + ')';
+  },
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $controllerProvider
- * @description
- * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by Angular to create new
- * controllers.
- *
- * This provider allows controller registration via the
- * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register register} method.
- */
-function $ControllerProvider() {
-  var controllers = {},
-      globals = false;
+  isNull: function(expression) {
+    return expression + '==null';
+  },
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $controllerProvider#has
-   * @param {string} name Controller name to check.
-   */
-  this.has = function(name) {
-    return controllers.hasOwnProperty(name);
-  };
+  notNull: function(expression) {
+    return expression + '!=null';
+  },
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $controllerProvider#register
-   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
-   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
-   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
-   *    annotations in the array notation).
-   */
-  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
-    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
-    if (isObject(name)) {
-      extend(controllers, name);
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right) {
+    var SAFE_IDENTIFIER = /^[$_a-zA-Z][$_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/;
+    var UNSAFE_CHARACTERS = /[^$_a-zA-Z0-9]/g;
+    if (SAFE_IDENTIFIER.test(right)) {
+      return left + '.' + right;
     } else {
-      controllers[name] = constructor;
+      return left  + '["' + right.replace(UNSAFE_CHARACTERS, this.stringEscapeFn) + '"]';
     }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $controllerProvider#allowGlobals
-   * @description If called, allows `$controller` to find controller constructors on `window`
-   */
-  this.allowGlobals = function() {
-    globals = true;
-  };
-
+  },
 
-  this.$get = ['$injector', '$window', function($injector, $window) {
+  computedMember: function(left, right) {
+    return left + '[' + right + ']';
+  },
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc service
-     * @name $controller
-     * @requires $injector
-     *
-     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
-     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
-     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
-     *
-     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
-     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
-     *    * if $controllerProvider#allowGlobals, check `window[constructor]` on the global
-     *      `window` object (not recommended)
-     *
-     *    The string can use the `controller as property` syntax, where the controller instance is published
-     *    as the specified property on the `scope`; the `scope` must be injected into `locals` param for this
-     *    to work correctly.
-     *
-     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
-     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
-     *
-     * @description
-     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
-     *
-     * It's just a simple call to {@link auto.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
-     * a service, so that one can override this service with [BC version](https://gist.github.com/1649788).
-     */
-    return function $controller(expression, locals, later, ident) {
-      // PRIVATE API:
-      //   param `later` --- indicates that the controller's constructor is invoked at a later time.
-      //                     If true, $controller will allocate the object with the correct
-      //                     prototype chain, but will not invoke the controller until a returned
-      //                     callback is invoked.
-      //   param `ident` --- An optional label which overrides the label parsed from the controller
-      //                     expression, if any.
-      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;
-      later = later === true;
-      if (ident && isString(ident)) {
-        identifier = ident;
-      }
-
-      if (isString(expression)) {
-        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG);
-        if (!match) {
-          throw $controllerMinErr('ctrlfmt',
-            "Badly formed controller string '{0}'. " +
-            "Must match `__name__ as __id__` or `__name__`.", expression);
-        }
-        constructor = match[1],
-        identifier = identifier || match[3];
-        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
-            ? controllers[constructor]
-            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true) ||
-                (globals ? getter($window, constructor, true) : undefined);
+  member: function(left, right, computed) {
+    if (computed) return this.computedMember(left, right);
+    return this.nonComputedMember(left, right);
+  },
 
-        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
-      }
+  getStringValue: function(item) {
+    this.assign(item, 'getStringValue(' + item + ')');
+  },
 
-      if (later) {
-        // Instantiate controller later:
-        // This machinery is used to create an instance of the object before calling the
-        // controller's constructor itself.
-        //
-        // This allows properties to be added to the controller before the constructor is
-        // invoked. Primarily, this is used for isolate scope bindings in $compile.
-        //
-        // This feature is not intended for use by applications, and is thus not documented
-        // publicly.
-        // Object creation: http://jsperf.com/create-constructor/2
-        var controllerPrototype = (isArray(expression) ?
-          expression[expression.length - 1] : expression).prototype;
-        instance = Object.create(controllerPrototype || null);
-
-        if (identifier) {
-          addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
-        }
+  lazyRecurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.recurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck);
+    };
+  },
 
-        var instantiate;
-        return instantiate = extend(function $controllerInit() {
-          var result = $injector.invoke(expression, instance, locals, constructor);
-          if (result !== instance && (isObject(result) || isFunction(result))) {
-            instance = result;
-            if (identifier) {
-              // If result changed, re-assign controllerAs value to scope.
-              addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
-            }
-          }
-          return instance;
-        }, {
-          instance: instance,
-          identifier: identifier
-        });
-      }
+  lazyAssign: function(id, value) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.assign(id, value);
+    };
+  },
 
-      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals, constructor);
+  stringEscapeRegex: /[^ a-zA-Z0-9]/g,
 
-      if (identifier) {
-        addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
-      }
+  stringEscapeFn: function(c) {
+    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
+  },
 
-      return instance;
-    };
+  escape: function(value) {
+    if (isString(value)) return '\'' + value.replace(this.stringEscapeRegex, this.stringEscapeFn) + '\'';
+    if (isNumber(value)) return value.toString();
+    if (value === true) return 'true';
+    if (value === false) return 'false';
+    if (value === null) return 'null';
+    if (typeof value === 'undefined') return 'undefined';
 
-    function addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, name) {
-      if (!(locals && isObject(locals.$scope))) {
-        throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
-          "Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.",
-          name, identifier);
-      }
+    throw $parseMinErr('esc', 'IMPOSSIBLE');
+  },
 
-      locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
+  nextId: function(skip, init) {
+    var id = 'v' + (this.state.nextId++);
+    if (!skip) {
+      this.current().vars.push(id + (init ? '=' + init : ''));
     }
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $document
- * @requires $window
- *
- * @description
- * A {@link angular.element jQuery or jqLite} wrapper for the browser's `window.document` object.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="documentExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <p>$document title: <b ng-bind="title"></b></p>
-         <p>window.document title: <b ng-bind="windowTitle"></b></p>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('documentExample', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$document', function($scope, $document) {
-           $scope.title = $document[0].title;
-           $scope.windowTitle = angular.element(window.document)[0].title;
-         }]);
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-function $DocumentProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', function(window) {
-    return jqLite(window.document);
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $exceptionHandler
- * @requires ng.$log
- *
- * @description
- * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
- * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
- * the browser console.
- *
- * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
- * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
- *
- * ## Example:
- *
- * The example below will overwrite the default `$exceptionHandler` in order to (a) log uncaught
- * errors to the backend for later inspection by the developers and (b) to use `$log.warn()` instead
- * of `$log.error()`.
- *
- * ```js
- *   angular.
- *     module('exceptionOverwrite', []).
- *     factory('$exceptionHandler', ['$log', 'logErrorsToBackend', function($log, logErrorsToBackend) {
- *       return function myExceptionHandler(exception, cause) {
- *         logErrorsToBackend(exception, cause);
- *         $log.warn(exception, cause);
- *       };
- *     }]);
- * ```
- *
- * <hr />
- * Note, that code executed in event-listeners (even those registered using jqLite's `on`/`bind`
- * methods) does not delegate exceptions to the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler}
- * (unless executed during a digest).
- *
- * If you wish, you can manually delegate exceptions, e.g.
- * `try { ... } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }`
- *
- * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
- * @param {string=} cause Optional information about the context in which
- *       the error was thrown.
- *
- */
-function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
-    return function(exception, cause) {
-      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
-    };
-  }];
-}
+    return id;
+  },
 
-var $$ForceReflowProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$document', function($document) {
-    return function(domNode) {
-      //the line below will force the browser to perform a repaint so
-      //that all the animated elements within the animation frame will
-      //be properly updated and drawn on screen. This is required to
-      //ensure that the preparation animation is properly flushed so that
-      //the active state picks up from there. DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE.
-      //DO NOT OPTIMIZE THIS LINE. THE MINIFIER WILL REMOVE IT OTHERWISE WHICH
-      //WILL RESULT IN AN UNPREDICTABLE BUG THAT IS VERY HARD TO TRACK DOWN AND
-      //WILL TAKE YEARS AWAY FROM YOUR LIFE.
-      if (domNode) {
-        if (!domNode.nodeType && domNode instanceof jqLite) {
-          domNode = domNode[0];
-        }
-      } else {
-        domNode = $document[0].body;
-      }
-      return domNode.offsetWidth + 1;
-    };
-  }];
+  current: function() {
+    return this.state[this.state.computing];
+  }
 };
 
-var APPLICATION_JSON = 'application/json';
-var CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': APPLICATION_JSON + ';charset=utf-8'};
-var JSON_START = /^\[|^\{(?!\{)/;
-var JSON_ENDS = {
-  '[': /]$/,
-  '{': /}$/
-};
-var JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/;
-var $httpMinErr = minErr('$http');
-var $httpMinErrLegacyFn = function(method) {
-  return function() {
-    throw $httpMinErr('legacy', 'The method `{0}` on the promise returned from `$http` has been disabled.', method);
-  };
-};
 
-function serializeValue(v) {
-  if (isObject(v)) {
-    return isDate(v) ? v.toISOString() : toJson(v);
-  }
-  return v;
+function ASTInterpreter($filter) {
+  this.$filter = $filter;
 }
 
+ASTInterpreter.prototype = {
+  compile: function(ast) {
+    var self = this;
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var assignable;
+    var assign;
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      assign = this.recurse(assignable);
+    }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    var inputs;
+    if (toWatch) {
+      inputs = [];
+      forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+        var input = self.recurse(watch);
+        input.isPure = watch.isPure;
+        watch.input = input;
+        inputs.push(input);
+        watch.watchId = key;
+      });
+    }
+    var expressions = [];
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expression) {
+      expressions.push(self.recurse(expression.expression));
+    });
+    var fn = ast.body.length === 0 ? noop :
+             ast.body.length === 1 ? expressions[0] :
+             function(scope, locals) {
+               var lastValue;
+               forEach(expressions, function(exp) {
+                 lastValue = exp(scope, locals);
+               });
+               return lastValue;
+             };
+    if (assign) {
+      fn.assign = function(scope, value, locals) {
+        return assign(scope, locals, value);
+      };
+    }
+    if (inputs) {
+      fn.inputs = inputs;
+    }
+    return fn;
+  },
 
-function $HttpParamSerializerProvider() {
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc service
-   * @name $httpParamSerializer
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Default {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that converts objects to strings
-   * according to the following rules:
-   *
-   * * `{'foo': 'bar'}` results in `foo=bar`
-   * * `{'foo': Date.now()}` results in `foo=2015-04-01T09%3A50%3A49.262Z` (`toISOString()` and encoded representation of a Date object)
-   * * `{'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}` results in `foo=bar&foo=baz` (repeated key for each array element)
-   * * `{'foo': {'bar':'baz'}}` results in `foo=%7B%22bar%22%3A%22baz%22%7D` (stringified and encoded representation of an object)
-   *
-   * Note that serializer will sort the request parameters alphabetically.
-   * */
-
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function ngParamSerializer(params) {
-      if (!params) return '';
-      var parts = [];
-      forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
-        if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) return;
-        if (isArray(value)) {
-          forEach(value, function(v) {
-            parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key)  + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(v)));
+  recurse: function(ast, context, create) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args;
+    if (ast.input) {
+      return this.inputs(ast.input, ast.watchId);
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Literal:
+      return this.value(ast.value, context);
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      right = this.recurse(ast.argument);
+      return this['unary' + ast.operator](right, context);
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      return this['ternary?:'](
+        this.recurse(ast.test),
+        this.recurse(ast.alternate),
+        this.recurse(ast.consequent),
+        context
+      );
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      return self.identifier(ast.name, context, create);
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.object, false, !!create);
+      if (!ast.computed) {
+        right = ast.property.name;
+      }
+      if (ast.computed) right = this.recurse(ast.property);
+      return ast.computed ?
+        this.computedMember(left, right, context, create) :
+        this.nonComputedMember(left, right, context, create);
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
+      });
+      if (ast.filter) right = this.$filter(ast.callee.name);
+      if (!ast.filter) right = this.recurse(ast.callee, true);
+      return ast.filter ?
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var values = [];
+          for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+            values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+          }
+          var value = right.apply(undefined, values, inputs);
+          return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value;
+        } :
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          var value;
+          if (rhs.value != null) {
+            var values = [];
+            for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+              values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+            }
+            value = rhs.value.apply(rhs.context, values);
+          }
+          return context ? {value: value} : value;
+        };
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left, true, 1);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        lhs.context[lhs.name] = rhs;
+        return context ? {value: rhs} : rhs;
+      };
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
+      });
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          value.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+        }
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        if (property.computed) {
+          args.push({key: self.recurse(property.key),
+                     computed: true,
+                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
           });
         } else {
-          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(value)));
+          args.push({key: property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
+                          property.key.name :
+                          ('' + property.key.value),
+                     computed: false,
+                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
+          });
         }
       });
-
-      return parts.join('&');
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-function $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider() {
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc service
-   * @name $httpParamSerializerJQLike
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Alternative {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that follows
-   * jQuery's [`param()`](http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) method logic.
-   * The serializer will also sort the params alphabetically.
-   *
-   * To use it for serializing `$http` request parameters, set it as the `paramSerializer` property:
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * $http({
-   *   url: myUrl,
-   *   method: 'GET',
-   *   params: myParams,
-   *   paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializerJQLike'
-   * });
-   * ```
-   *
-   * It is also possible to set it as the default `paramSerializer` in the
-   * {@link $httpProvider#defaults `$httpProvider`}.
-   *
-   * Additionally, you can inject the serializer and use it explicitly, for example to serialize
-   * form data for submission:
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * .controller(function($http, $httpParamSerializerJQLike) {
-   *   //...
-   *
-   *   $http({
-   *     url: myUrl,
-   *     method: 'POST',
-   *     data: $httpParamSerializerJQLike(myData),
-   *     headers: {
-   *       'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
-   *     }
-   *   });
-   *
-   * });
-   * ```
-   *
-   * */
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function jQueryLikeParamSerializer(params) {
-      if (!params) return '';
-      var parts = [];
-      serialize(params, '', true);
-      return parts.join('&');
-
-      function serialize(toSerialize, prefix, topLevel) {
-        if (toSerialize === null || isUndefined(toSerialize)) return;
-        if (isArray(toSerialize)) {
-          forEach(toSerialize, function(value, index) {
-            serialize(value, prefix + '[' + (isObject(value) ? index : '') + ']');
-          });
-        } else if (isObject(toSerialize) && !isDate(toSerialize)) {
-          forEachSorted(toSerialize, function(value, key) {
-            serialize(value, prefix +
-                (topLevel ? '' : '[') +
-                key +
-                (topLevel ? '' : ']'));
-          });
-        } else {
-          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(prefix) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(toSerialize)));
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = {};
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          if (args[i].computed) {
+            value[args[i].key(scope, locals, assign, inputs)] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          } else {
+            value[args[i].key] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          }
         }
-      }
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-function defaultHttpResponseTransform(data, headers) {
-  if (isString(data)) {
-    // Strip json vulnerability protection prefix and trim whitespace
-    var tempData = data.replace(JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX, '').trim();
-
-    if (tempData) {
-      var contentType = headers('Content-Type');
-      if ((contentType && (contentType.indexOf(APPLICATION_JSON) === 0)) || isJsonLike(tempData)) {
-        data = fromJson(tempData);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return data;
-}
-
-function isJsonLike(str) {
-    var jsonStart = str.match(JSON_START);
-    return jsonStart && JSON_ENDS[jsonStart[0]].test(str);
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse headers into key value object
- *
- * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
- * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
- */
-function parseHeaders(headers) {
-  var parsed = createMap(), i;
-
-  function fillInParsed(key, val) {
-    if (key) {
-      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      return function(scope) {
+        return context ? {value: scope} : scope;
+      };
+    case AST.LocalsExpression:
+      return function(scope, locals) {
+        return context ? {value: locals} : locals;
+      };
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      return function(scope, locals, assign) {
+        return context ? {value: assign} : assign;
+      };
     }
-  }
-
-  if (isString(headers)) {
-    forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
-      i = line.indexOf(':');
-      fillInParsed(lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i))), trim(line.substr(i + 1)));
-    });
-  } else if (isObject(headers)) {
-    forEach(headers, function(headerVal, headerKey) {
-      fillInParsed(lowercase(headerKey), trim(headerVal));
-    });
-  }
-
-  return parsed;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
- *
- * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
- * @see parseHeaders
- *
- * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
- * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
- *
- *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
- *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
- */
-function headersGetter(headers) {
-  var headersObj;
-
-  return function(name) {
-    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);
+  },
 
-    if (name) {
-      var value = headersObj[lowercase(name)];
-      if (value === void 0) {
-        value = null;
+  'unary+': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = +arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = 0;
       }
-      return value;
-    }
-
-    return headersObj;
-  };
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Chain all given functions
- *
- * This function is used for both request and response transforming
- *
- * @param {*} data Data to transform.
- * @param {function(string=)} headers HTTP headers getter fn.
- * @param {number} status HTTP status code of the response.
- * @param {(Function|Array.<Function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
- * @returns {*} Transformed data.
- */
-function transformData(data, headers, status, fns) {
-  if (isFunction(fns)) {
-    return fns(data, headers, status);
-  }
-
-  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
-    data = fn(data, headers, status);
-  });
-
-  return data;
-}
-
-
-function isSuccess(status) {
-  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $httpProvider
- * @description
- * Use `$httpProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ng.$http $http} service.
- * */
-function $HttpProvider() {
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc property
-   * @name $httpProvider#defaults
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Object containing default values for all {@link ng.$http $http} requests.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.cache`** - {boolean|Object} - A boolean value or object created with
-   * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`} to enable or disable caching of HTTP responses
-   * by default. See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.xsrfCookieName`** - {string} - Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
-   * Defaults value is `'XSRF-TOKEN'`.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.xsrfHeaderName`** - {string} - Name of HTTP header to populate with the
-   * XSRF token. Defaults value is `'X-XSRF-TOKEN'`.
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.headers`** - {Object} - Default headers for all $http requests.
-   * Refer to {@link ng.$http#setting-http-headers $http} for documentation on
-   * setting default headers.
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.common`**
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.post`**
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.put`**
-   *     - **`defaults.headers.patch`**
-   *
-   *
-   * - **`defaults.paramSerializer`** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function
-   *  used to the prepare string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
-   *  If specified as string, it is interpreted as a function registered with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
-   *  Defaults to {@link ng.$httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer}.
-   *
-   **/
-  var defaults = this.defaults = {
-    // transform incoming response data
-    transformResponse: [defaultHttpResponseTransform],
-
-    // transform outgoing request data
-    transformRequest: [function(d) {
-      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) && !isBlob(d) && !isFormData(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
-    }],
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'unary-': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = -arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = -0;
+      }
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'unary!': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = !argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary+': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = plusFn(lhs, rhs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary-': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = (isDefined(lhs) ? lhs : 0) - (isDefined(rhs) ? rhs : 0);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary*': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) * right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary/': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) / right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary%': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) % right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary===': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) === right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) !== right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) == right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) != right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) < right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) > right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) <= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) >= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary&&': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) && right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary||': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) || right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'ternary?:': function(test, alternate, consequent, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = test(scope, locals, assign, inputs) ? alternate(scope, locals, assign, inputs) : consequent(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  value: function(value, context) {
+    return function() { return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value; };
+  },
+  identifier: function(name, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var base = locals && (name in locals) ? locals : scope;
+      if (create && create !== 1 && base && base[name] == null) {
+        base[name] = {};
+      }
+      var value = base ? base[name] : undefined;
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: base, name: name, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  computedMember: function(left, right, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs;
+      var value;
+      if (lhs != null) {
+        rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        rhs = getStringValue(rhs);
+        if (create && create !== 1) {
+          if (lhs && !(lhs[rhs])) {
+            lhs[rhs] = {};
+          }
+        }
+        value = lhs[rhs];
+      }
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: rhs, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right, context, create) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (create && create !== 1) {
+        if (lhs && lhs[right] == null) {
+          lhs[right] = {};
+        }
+      }
+      var value = lhs != null ? lhs[right] : undefined;
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: right, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  inputs: function(input, watchId) {
+    return function(scope, value, locals, inputs) {
+      if (inputs) return inputs[watchId];
+      return input(scope, value, locals);
+    };
+  }
+};
 
-    // default headers
-    headers: {
-      common: {
-        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
-      },
-      post:   shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
-      put:    shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
-      patch:  shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON)
-    },
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+function Parser(lexer, $filter, options) {
+  this.ast = new AST(lexer, options);
+  this.astCompiler = options.csp ? new ASTInterpreter($filter) :
+                                   new ASTCompiler($filter);
+}
 
-    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
-    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',
+Parser.prototype = {
+  constructor: Parser,
 
-    paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializer'
-  };
+  parse: function(text) {
+    var ast = this.getAst(text);
+    var fn = this.astCompiler.compile(ast.ast);
+    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast.ast);
+    fn.constant = isConstant(ast.ast);
+    fn.oneTime = ast.oneTime;
+    return fn;
+  },
 
-  var useApplyAsync = false;
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $httpProvider#useApplyAsync
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Configure $http service to combine processing of multiple http responses received at around
-   * the same time via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $rootScope.$applyAsync}. This can result in
-   * significant performance improvement for bigger applications that make many HTTP requests
-   * concurrently (common during application bootstrap).
-   *
-   * Defaults to false. If no value is specified, returns the current configured value.
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} value If true, when requests are loaded, they will schedule a deferred
-   *    "apply" on the next tick, giving time for subsequent requests in a roughly ~10ms window
-   *    to load and share the same digest cycle.
-   *
-   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
-   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
-   **/
-  this.useApplyAsync = function(value) {
-    if (isDefined(value)) {
-      useApplyAsync = !!value;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return useApplyAsync;
-  };
+  getAst: function(exp) {
+    var oneTime = false;
+    exp = exp.trim();
 
-  var useLegacyPromise = true;
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $httpProvider#useLegacyPromiseExtensions
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Configure `$http` service to return promises without the shorthand methods `success` and `error`.
-   * This should be used to make sure that applications work without these methods.
-   *
-   * Defaults to true. If no value is specified, returns the current configured value.
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} value If true, `$http` will return a promise with the deprecated legacy `success` and `error` methods.
-   *
-   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
-   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
-   **/
-  this.useLegacyPromiseExtensions = function(value) {
-    if (isDefined(value)) {
-      useLegacyPromise = !!value;
-      return this;
+    if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
+      oneTime = true;
+      exp = exp.substring(2);
     }
-    return useLegacyPromise;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc property
-   * @name $httpProvider#interceptors
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Array containing service factories for all synchronous or asynchronous {@link ng.$http $http}
-   * pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses.
-   *
-   * These service factories are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
-   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
-   *
-   * {@link ng.$http#interceptors Interceptors detailed info}
-   **/
-  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];
-
-  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$$cookieReader', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
-      function($httpBackend, $$cookieReader, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {
-
-    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');
-
-    /**
-     * Make sure that default param serializer is exposed as a function
-     */
-    defaults.paramSerializer = isString(defaults.paramSerializer) ?
-      $injector.get(defaults.paramSerializer) : defaults.paramSerializer;
+    return {
+      ast: this.ast.ast(exp),
+      oneTime: oneTime
+    };
+  }
+};
 
-    /**
-     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
-     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
-     * server request.
-     */
-    var reversedInterceptors = [];
+function getValueOf(value) {
+  return isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : objectValueOf.call(value);
+}
 
-    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
-      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
-          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
-    });
+///////////////////////////////////
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc service
-     * @kind function
-     * @name $http
-     * @requires ng.$httpBackend
-     * @requires $cacheFactory
-     * @requires $rootScope
-     * @requires $q
-     * @requires $injector
-     *
-     * @description
-     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
-     * HTTP servers via the browser's [XMLHttpRequest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest)
-     * object or via [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP).
-     *
-     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
-     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
-     *
-     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
-     * $resource} service.
-     *
-     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
-     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
-     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
-     *
-     *
-     * ## General usage
-     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a {@link $http#usage configuration object} —
-     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise}.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   // Simple GET request example:
-     *   $http({
-     *     method: 'GET',
-     *     url: '/someUrl'
-     *   }).then(function successCallback(response) {
-     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
-     *       // when the response is available
-     *     }, function errorCallback(response) {
-     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
-     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
-     *     });
-     * ```
-     *
-     * The response object has these properties:
-     *
-     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform
-     *     functions.
-     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
-     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
-     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
-     *   - **statusText** – `{string}` – HTTP status text of the response.
-     *
-     * A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status and will result in
-     * the success callback being called. Any response status code outside of that range is
-     * considered an error status and will result in the error callback being called.
-     * Also, status codes less than -1 are normalized to zero. -1 usually means the request was
-     * aborted, e.g. using a `config.timeout`.
-     * Note that if the response is a redirect, XMLHttpRequest will transparently follow it, meaning
-     * that the outcome (success or error) will be determined by the final response status code.
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Shortcut methods
-     *
-     * Shortcut methods are also available. All shortcut methods require passing in the URL, and
-     * request data must be passed in for POST/PUT requests. An optional config can be passed as the
-     * last argument.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   $http.get('/someUrl', config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
-     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data, config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
-     * ```
-     *
-     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
-     *
-     * - {@link ng.$http#get $http.get}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#head $http.head}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#post $http.post}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#put $http.put}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
-     * - {@link ng.$http#patch $http.patch}
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Writing Unit Tests that use $http
-     * When unit testing (using {@link ngMock ngMock}), it is necessary to call
-     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#flush $httpBackend.flush()} to flush each pending
-     * request using trained responses.
-     *
-     * ```
-     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
-     * $http.get(...);
-     * $httpBackend.flush();
-     * ```
-     *
-     * ## Deprecation Notice
-     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
-     *   The `$http` legacy promise methods `success` and `error` have been deprecated.
-     *   Use the standard `then` method instead.
-     *   If {@link $httpProvider#useLegacyPromiseExtensions `$httpProvider.useLegacyPromiseExtensions`} is set to
-     *   `false` then these methods will throw {@link $http:legacy `$http/legacy`} error.
-     * </div>
-     *
-     * ## Setting HTTP Headers
-     *
-     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
-     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
-     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
-     *
-     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
-     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
-     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
-     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
-     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
-     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
-     *
-     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
-     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
-     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
-     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }`.
-     *
-     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
-     * fashion. For example:
-     *
-     * ```
-     * module.run(function($http) {
-     *   $http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = 'Basic YmVlcDpib29w';
-     * });
-     * ```
-     *
-     * In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
-     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
-     *
-     * To explicitly remove a header automatically added via $httpProvider.defaults.headers on a per request basis,
-     * Use the `headers` property, setting the desired header to `undefined`. For example:
-     *
-     * ```js
-     * var req = {
-     *  method: 'POST',
-     *  url: 'http://example.com',
-     *  headers: {
-     *    'Content-Type': undefined
-     *  },
-     *  data: { test: 'test' }
-     * }
-     *
-     * $http(req).then(function(){...}, function(){...});
-     * ```
-     *
-     * ## Transforming Requests and Responses
-     *
-     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transformation functions: `transformRequest`
-     * and `transformResponse`. These properties can be a single function that returns
-     * the transformed value (`function(data, headersGetter, status)`) or an array of such transformation functions,
-     * which allows you to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain.
-     *
-     * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-     * **Note:** Angular does not make a copy of the `data` parameter before it is passed into the `transformRequest` pipeline.
-     * That means changes to the properties of `data` are not local to the transform function (since Javascript passes objects by reference).
-     * For example, when calling `$http.get(url, $scope.myObject)`, modifications to the object's properties in a transformRequest
-     * function will be reflected on the scope and in any templates where the object is data-bound.
-     * To prevent this, transform functions should have no side-effects.
-     * If you need to modify properties, it is recommended to make a copy of the data, or create new object to return.
-     * </div>
-     *
-     * ### Default Transformations
-     *
-     * The `$httpProvider` provider and `$http` service expose `defaults.transformRequest` and
-     * `defaults.transformResponse` properties. If a request does not provide its own transformations
-     * then these will be applied.
-     *
-     * You can augment or replace the default transformations by modifying these properties by adding to or
-     * replacing the array.
-     *
-     * Angular provides the following default transformations:
-     *
-     * Request transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$http.defaults.transformRequest`):
-     *
-     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
-     *   into JSON format.
-     *
-     * Response transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse` and `$http.defaults.transformResponse`):
-     *
-     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
-     *  - If JSON response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser.
-     *
-     *
-     * ### Overriding the Default Transformations Per Request
-     *
-     * If you wish to override the request/response transformations only for a single request then provide
-     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties on the configuration object passed
-     * into `$http`.
-     *
-     * Note that if you provide these properties on the config object the default transformations will be
-     * overwritten. If you wish to augment the default transformations then you must include them in your
-     * local transformation array.
-     *
-     * The following code demonstrates adding a new response transformation to be run after the default response
-     * transformations have been run.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     * function appendTransform(defaults, transform) {
-     *
-     *   // We can't guarantee that the default transformation is an array
-     *   defaults = angular.isArray(defaults) ? defaults : [defaults];
-     *
-     *   // Append the new transformation to the defaults
-     *   return defaults.concat(transform);
-     * }
-     *
-     * $http({
-     *   url: '...',
-     *   method: 'GET',
-     *   transformResponse: appendTransform($http.defaults.transformResponse, function(value) {
-     *     return doTransform(value);
-     *   })
-     * });
-     * ```
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Caching
-     *
-     * {@link ng.$http `$http`} responses are not cached by default. To enable caching, you must
-     * set the config.cache value or the default cache value to TRUE or to a cache object (created
-     * with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}). If defined, the value of config.cache takes
-     * precedence over the default cache value.
-     *
-     * In order to:
-     *   * cache all responses - set the default cache value to TRUE or to a cache object
-     *   * cache a specific response - set config.cache value to TRUE or to a cache object
-     *
-     * If caching is enabled, but neither the default cache nor config.cache are set to a cache object,
-     * then the default `$cacheFactory("$http")` object is used.
-     *
-     * The default cache value can be set by updating the
-     * {@link ng.$http#defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property or the
-     * {@link $httpProvider#defaults `$httpProvider.defaults.cache`} property.
-     *
-     * When caching is enabled, {@link ng.$http `$http`} stores the response from the server using
-     * the relevant cache object. The next time the same request is made, the response is returned
-     * from the cache without sending a request to the server.
-     *
-     * Take note that:
-     *
-     *   * Only GET and JSONP requests are cached.
-     *   * The cache key is the request URL including search parameters; headers are not considered.
-     *   * Cached responses are returned asynchronously, in the same way as responses from the server.
-     *   * If multiple identical requests are made using the same cache, which is not yet populated,
-     *     one request will be made to the server and remaining requests will return the same response.
-     *   * A cache-control header on the response does not affect if or how responses are cached.
-     *
-     *
-     * ## Interceptors
-     *
-     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
-     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
-     *
-     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
-     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
-     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
-     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
-     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
-     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
-     *
-     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
-     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
-     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
-     *
-     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
-     *
-     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with a http {@link $http#usage config} object. The function is free to
-     *     modify the `config` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
-     *     object directly, or a promise containing the `config` or a new `config` object.
-     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
-     *     resolved with a rejection.
-     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
-     *     modify the `response` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
-     *     object directly, or as a promise containing the `response` or a new `response` object.
-     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
-     *     resolved with a rejection.
-     *
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   // register the interceptor as a service
-     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
-     *     return {
-     *       // optional method
-     *       'request': function(config) {
-     *         // do something on success
-     *         return config;
-     *       },
-     *
-     *       // optional method
-     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
-     *         // do something on error
-     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
-     *           return responseOrNewPromise
-     *         }
-     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
-     *       },
-     *
-     *
-     *
-     *       // optional method
-     *       'response': function(response) {
-     *         // do something on success
-     *         return response;
-     *       },
-     *
-     *       // optional method
-     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
-     *         // do something on error
-     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
-     *           return responseOrNewPromise
-     *         }
-     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
-     *       }
-     *     };
-     *   });
-     *
-     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
-     *
-     *
-     *   // alternatively, register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
-     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
-     *     return {
-     *      'request': function(config) {
-     *          // same as above
-     *       },
-     *
-     *       'response': function(response) {
-     *          // same as above
-     *       }
-     *     };
-     *   });
-     * ```
-     *
-     * ## Security Considerations
-     *
-     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
-     *
-     * - [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
-     * - [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
-     *
-     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
-     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
-     * cooperation is required.
-     *
-     * ### JSON Vulnerability Protection
-     *
-     * A [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
-     * allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
-     * [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP) request under some conditions. To
-     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
-     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
-     *
-     * For example if your server needs to return:
-     * ```js
-     * ['one','two']
-     * ```
-     *
-     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
-     * ```js
-     * )]}',
-     * ['one','two']
-     * ```
-     *
-     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
-     *
-     *
-     * ### Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
-     *
-     * [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) is an attack technique by
-     * which the attacker can trick an authenticated user into unknowingly executing actions on your
-     * website. Angular provides a mechanism to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the
-     * $http service reads a token from a cookie (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP
-     * header (`X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only JavaScript that runs on your domain could read the
-     * cookie, your server can be assured that the XHR came from JavaScript running on your domain.
-     * The header will not be set for cross-domain requests.
-     *
-     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
-     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
-     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
-     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must be
-     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
-     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
-     * authentication cookie with a [salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography&#41;)
-     * for added security.
-     *
-     * The name of the headers can be specified using the xsrfHeaderName and xsrfCookieName
-     * properties of either $httpProvider.defaults at config-time, $http.defaults at run-time,
-     * or the per-request config object.
-     *
-     * In order to prevent collisions in environments where multiple Angular apps share the
-     * same domain or subdomain, we recommend that each application uses unique cookie name.
-     *
-     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
-     *    processed. The object has following properties:
-     *
-     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
-     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
-     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be serialized
-     *      with the `paramSerializer` and appended as GET parameters.
-     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
-     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
-     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
-     *      header will not be sent. Functions accept a config object as an argument.
-     *    - **eventHandlers** - `{Object}` - Event listeners to be bound to the XMLHttpRequest object.
-     *      To bind events to the XMLHttpRequest upload object, use `uploadEventHandlers`.
-     *      The handler will be called in the context of a `$apply` block.
-     *    - **uploadEventHandlers** - `{Object}` - Event listeners to be bound to the XMLHttpRequest upload
-     *      object. To bind events to the XMLHttpRequest object, use `eventHandlers`.
-     *      The handler will be called in the context of a `$apply` block.
-     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
-     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
-     *    - **transformRequest** –
-     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
-     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
-     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
-     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
-     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
-     *    - **transformResponse** –
-     *      `{function(data, headersGetter, status)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter, status)>}` –
-     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
-     *      response body, headers and status and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
-     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
-     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
-     *    - **paramSerializer** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function used to
-     *      prepare the string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
-     *      If specified as string, it is interpreted as function registered with the
-     *      {@link $injector $injector}, which means you can create your own serializer
-     *      by registering it as a {@link auto.$provide#service service}.
-     *      The default serializer is the {@link $httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer};
-     *      alternatively, you can use the {@link $httpParamSerializerJQLike $httpParamSerializerJQLike}
-     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Object}` – A boolean value or object created with
-     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`} to enable or disable caching of the HTTP response.
-     *      See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
-     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
-     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
-     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
-     *      XHR object. See [requests with credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS#Requests_with_credentials)
-     *      for more information.
-     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see
-     *      [XMLHttpRequest.responseType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest#xmlhttprequest-responsetype).
-     *
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link ng.$q `Promise}` that will be resolved to a response object
-     *                        when the request succeeds or fails.
-     *
-     *
-     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
-     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
-     *
-     *
-     * @example
-<example module="httpExample">
-<file name="index.html">
-  <div ng-controller="FetchController">
-    <select ng-model="method" aria-label="Request method">
-      <option>GET</option>
-      <option>JSONP</option>
-    </select>
-    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80" aria-label="URL" />
-    <button id="fetchbtn" ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
-    <button id="samplegetbtn" ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
-    <button id="samplejsonpbtn"
-      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
-                    'https://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">
-      Sample JSONP
-    </button>
-    <button id="invalidjsonpbtn"
-      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'https://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">
-        Invalid JSONP
-      </button>
-    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
-    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
-  </div>
-</file>
-<file name="script.js">
-  angular.module('httpExample', [])
-    .controller('FetchController', ['$scope', '$http', '$templateCache',
-      function($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
-        $scope.method = 'GET';
-        $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';
-
-        $scope.fetch = function() {
-          $scope.code = null;
-          $scope.response = null;
-
-          $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
-            then(function(response) {
-              $scope.status = response.status;
-              $scope.data = response.data;
-            }, function(response) {
-              $scope.data = response.data || "Request failed";
-              $scope.status = response.status;
-          });
-        };
-
-        $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
-          $scope.method = method;
-          $scope.url = url;
-        };
-      }]);
-</file>
-<file name="http-hello.html">
-  Hello, $http!
-</file>
-<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-  var status = element(by.binding('status'));
-  var data = element(by.binding('data'));
-  var fetchBtn = element(by.id('fetchbtn'));
-  var sampleGetBtn = element(by.id('samplegetbtn'));
-  var sampleJsonpBtn = element(by.id('samplejsonpbtn'));
-  var invalidJsonpBtn = element(by.id('invalidjsonpbtn'));
-
-  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
-    sampleGetBtn.click();
-    fetchBtn.click();
-    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
-    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
-  });
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $parse
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Converts AngularJS {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
+ *   var setter = getter.assign;
+ *   var context = {user:{name:'AngularJS'}};
+ *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
+ *
+ *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('AngularJS');
+ *   setter(context, 'newValue');
+ *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
+ *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+ * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+ *
+ *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+ *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+ *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+ *      `context`.
+ *
+ *    The returned function also has the following properties:
+ *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
+ *        literal.
+ *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
+ *        constant literals.
+ *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
+ *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
+ *
+ */
 
-// Commented out due to flakes. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9185
-// it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
-//   sampleJsonpBtn.click();
-//   fetchBtn.click();
-//   expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
-//   expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
-// });
-
-  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
-      function() {
-    invalidJsonpBtn.click();
-    fetchBtn.click();
-    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('0');
-    expect(data.getText()).toMatch('Request failed');
-  });
-</file>
-</example>
-     */
-    function $http(requestConfig) {
 
-      if (!isObject(requestConfig)) {
-        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration must be an object.  Received: {0}', requestConfig);
-      }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $parseProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
+ *  service.
+ */
+function $ParseProvider() {
+  var cache = createMap();
+  var literals = {
+    'true': true,
+    'false': false,
+    'null': null,
+    'undefined': undefined
+  };
+  var identStart, identContinue;
 
-      if (!isString(requestConfig.url)) {
-        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration url must be a string.  Received: {0}', requestConfig.url);
-      }
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $parseProvider#addLiteral
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Configure $parse service to add literal values that will be present as literal at expressions.
+   *
+   * @param {string} literalName Token for the literal value. The literal name value must be a valid literal name.
+   * @param {*} literalValue Value for this literal. All literal values must be primitives or `undefined`.
+   *
+   **/
+  this.addLiteral = function(literalName, literalValue) {
+    literals[literalName] = literalValue;
+  };
 
-      var config = extend({
-        method: 'get',
-        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
-        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse,
-        paramSerializer: defaults.paramSerializer
-      }, requestConfig);
+ /**
+  * @ngdoc method
+  * @name $parseProvider#setIdentifierFns
+  *
+  * @description
+  *
+  * Allows defining the set of characters that are allowed in AngularJS expressions. The function
+  * `identifierStart` will get called to know if a given character is a valid character to be the
+  * first character for an identifier. The function `identifierContinue` will get called to know if
+  * a given character is a valid character to be a follow-up identifier character. The functions
+  * `identifierStart` and `identifierContinue` will receive as arguments the single character to be
+  * identifier and the character code point. These arguments will be `string` and `numeric`. Keep in
+  * mind that the `string` parameter can be two characters long depending on the character
+  * representation. It is expected for the function to return `true` or `false`, whether that
+  * character is allowed or not.
+  *
+  * Since this function will be called extensively, keep the implementation of these functions fast,
+  * as the performance of these functions have a direct impact on the expressions parsing speed.
+  *
+  * @param {function=} identifierStart The function that will decide whether the given character is
+  *   a valid identifier start character.
+  * @param {function=} identifierContinue The function that will decide whether the given character is
+  *   a valid identifier continue character.
+  */
+  this.setIdentifierFns = function(identifierStart, identifierContinue) {
+    identStart = identifierStart;
+    identContinue = identifierContinue;
+    return this;
+  };
 
-      config.headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);
-      config.method = uppercase(config.method);
-      config.paramSerializer = isString(config.paramSerializer) ?
-          $injector.get(config.paramSerializer) : config.paramSerializer;
+  this.$get = ['$filter', function($filter) {
+    var noUnsafeEval = csp().noUnsafeEval;
+    var $parseOptions = {
+          csp: noUnsafeEval,
+          literals: copy(literals),
+          isIdentifierStart: isFunction(identStart) && identStart,
+          isIdentifierContinue: isFunction(identContinue) && identContinue
+        };
+    $parse.$$getAst = $$getAst;
+    return $parse;
 
-      var requestInterceptors = [];
-      var responseInterceptors = [];
-      var promise = $q.when(config);
+    function $parse(exp, interceptorFn) {
+      var parsedExpression, cacheKey;
 
-      // apply interceptors
-      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
-        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
-          requestInterceptors.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
-        }
-        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
-          responseInterceptors.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
-        }
-      });
+      switch (typeof exp) {
+        case 'string':
+          exp = exp.trim();
+          cacheKey = exp;
 
-      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, requestInterceptors);
-      promise = promise.then(serverRequest);
-      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, responseInterceptors);
+          parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
 
-      if (useLegacyPromise) {
-        promise.success = function(fn) {
-          assertArgFn(fn, 'fn');
+          if (!parsedExpression) {
+            var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
+            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
+            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);
 
-          promise.then(function(response) {
-            fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
-          });
-          return promise;
-        };
+            cache[cacheKey] = addWatchDelegate(parsedExpression);
+          }
+          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);
 
-        promise.error = function(fn) {
-          assertArgFn(fn, 'fn');
+        case 'function':
+          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);
 
-          promise.then(null, function(response) {
-            fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
-          });
-          return promise;
-        };
-      } else {
-        promise.success = $httpMinErrLegacyFn('success');
-        promise.error = $httpMinErrLegacyFn('error');
+        default:
+          return addInterceptor(noop, interceptorFn);
       }
+    }
 
-      return promise;
+    function $$getAst(exp) {
+      var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
+      var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
+      return parser.getAst(exp).ast;
+    }
 
+    function expressionInputDirtyCheck(newValue, oldValueOfValue, compareObjectIdentity) {
 
-      function chainInterceptors(promise, interceptors) {
-        for (var i = 0, ii = interceptors.length; i < ii;) {
-          var thenFn = interceptors[i++];
-          var rejectFn = interceptors[i++];
-
-          promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
-        }
-
-        interceptors.length = 0;
-
-        return promise;
+      if (newValue == null || oldValueOfValue == null) { // null/undefined
+        return newValue === oldValueOfValue;
       }
 
-      function executeHeaderFns(headers, config) {
-        var headerContent, processedHeaders = {};
+      if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
 
-        forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
-          if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
-            headerContent = headerFn(config);
-            if (headerContent != null) {
-              processedHeaders[header] = headerContent;
-            }
-          } else {
-            processedHeaders[header] = headerFn;
-          }
-        });
+        // attempt to convert the value to a primitive type
+        // TODO(docs): add a note to docs that by implementing valueOf even objects and arrays can
+        //             be cheaply dirty-checked
+        newValue = getValueOf(newValue);
 
-        return processedHeaders;
-      }
+        if (typeof newValue === 'object' && !compareObjectIdentity) {
+          // objects/arrays are not supported - deep-watching them would be too expensive
+          return false;
+        }
 
-      function mergeHeaders(config) {
-        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
-            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
-            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;
+        // fall-through to the primitive equality check
+      }
 
-        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);
+      //Primitive or NaN
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+      return newValue === oldValueOfValue || (newValue !== newValue && oldValueOfValue !== oldValueOfValue);
+    }
 
-        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unnecessary iteration after header has been found
-        defaultHeadersIteration:
-        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
-          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);
+    function inputsWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
+      var inputExpressions = parsedExpression.inputs;
+      var lastResult;
 
-          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
-            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
-              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
-            }
+      if (inputExpressions.length === 1) {
+        var oldInputValueOf = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        inputExpressions = inputExpressions[0];
+        return scope.$watch(function expressionInputWatch(scope) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions(scope);
+          if (!expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOf, inputExpressions.isPure)) {
+            lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, [newInputValue]);
+            oldInputValueOf = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
           }
+          return lastResult;
+        }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+      }
 
-          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
-        }
-
-        // execute if header value is a function for merged headers
-        return executeHeaderFns(reqHeaders, shallowCopy(config));
+      var oldInputValueOfValues = [];
+      var oldInputValues = [];
+      for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        oldInputValueOfValues[i] = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        oldInputValues[i] = null;
       }
 
-      function serverRequest(config) {
-        var headers = config.headers;
-        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), undefined, config.transformRequest);
+      return scope.$watch(function expressionInputsWatch(scope) {
+        var changed = false;
 
-        // strip content-type if data is undefined
-        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
-          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
-            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
-              delete headers[header];
-            }
-          });
+        for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions[i](scope);
+          if (changed || (changed = !expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOfValues[i], inputExpressions[i].isPure))) {
+            oldInputValues[i] = newInputValue;
+            oldInputValueOfValues[i] = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
         }
 
-        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
-          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
+        if (changed) {
+          lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, oldInputValues);
         }
 
-        // send request
-        return sendReq(config, reqData).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
-      }
-
-      function transformResponse(response) {
-        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
-        var resp = extend({}, response);
-        resp.data = transformData(response.data, response.headers, response.status,
-                                  config.transformResponse);
-        return (isSuccess(response.status))
-          ? resp
-          : $q.reject(resp);
-      }
+        return lastResult;
+      }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
     }
 
-    $http.pendingRequests = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#get
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#delete
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#head
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#jsonp
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
-     * If you would like to customise where and how the callbacks are stored then try overriding
-     * or decorating the {@link $jsonpCallbacks} service.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
-     *                     The name of the callback should be the string `JSON_CALLBACK`.
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
-    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');
+    function oneTimeWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
+      var isDone = parsedExpression.literal ? isAllDefined : isDefined;
+      var unwatch, lastValue;
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#post
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {*} data Request content
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
+      var exp = parsedExpression.$$intercepted || parsedExpression;
+      var post = parsedExpression.$$interceptor || identity;
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $http#put
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-     * @param {*} data Request content
-     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-     */
+      var useInputs = parsedExpression.inputs && !exp.inputs;
 
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc method
-      * @name $http#patch
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Shortcut method to perform `PATCH` request.
-      *
-      * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
-      * @param {*} data Request content
-      * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
-      * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
-      */
-    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put', 'patch');
+      // Propogate the literal/inputs/constant attributes
+      // ... but not oneTime since we are handling it
+      oneTimeWatch.literal = parsedExpression.literal;
+      oneTimeWatch.constant = parsedExpression.constant;
+      oneTimeWatch.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs;
 
-        /**
-         * @ngdoc property
-         * @name $http#defaults
-         *
-         * @description
-         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
-         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
-         *
-         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
-         */
-    $http.defaults = defaults;
+      // Allow other delegates to run on this wrapped expression
+      addWatchDelegate(oneTimeWatch);
 
+      unwatch = scope.$watch(oneTimeWatch, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
 
-    return $http;
+      return unwatch;
 
+      function unwatchIfDone() {
+        if (isDone(lastValue)) {
+          unwatch();
+        }
+      }
 
-    function createShortMethods(names) {
-      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
-        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
-          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
-            method: name,
-            url: url
-          }));
-        };
-      });
+      function oneTimeWatch(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        lastValue = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : exp(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        if (isDone(lastValue)) {
+          scope.$$postDigest(unwatchIfDone);
+        }
+        return post(lastValue);
+      }
     }
 
-
-    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
-      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
-        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
-          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
-            method: name,
-            url: url,
-            data: data
-          }));
-        };
+    function isAllDefined(value) {
+      var allDefined = true;
+      forEach(value, function(val) {
+        if (!isDefined(val)) allDefined = false;
       });
+      return allDefined;
     }
 
+    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
+        unwatch();
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, listener, objectEquality);
+      return unwatch;
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * Makes the request.
-     *
-     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
-     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
-     */
-    function sendReq(config, reqData) {
-      var deferred = $q.defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise,
-          cache,
-          cachedResp,
-          reqHeaders = config.headers,
-          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.paramSerializer(config.params));
-
-      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
-      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
-
-
-      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false &&
-          (config.method === 'GET' || config.method === 'JSONP')) {
-        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
-              : isObject(defaults.cache) ? defaults.cache
-              : defaultCache;
-      }
-
-      if (cache) {
-        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
-        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
-          if (isPromiseLike(cachedResp)) {
-            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
-            cachedResp.then(resolvePromiseWithResult, resolvePromiseWithResult);
-          } else {
-            // serving from cache
-            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
-              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], shallowCopy(cachedResp[2]), cachedResp[3]);
-            } else {
-              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {}, 'OK');
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
-          cache.put(url, promise);
-        }
+    function addWatchDelegate(parsedExpression) {
+      if (parsedExpression.constant) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
+      } else if (parsedExpression.oneTime) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+      } else if (parsedExpression.inputs) {
+        parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
       }
 
+      return parsedExpression;
+    }
 
-      // if we won't have the response in cache, set the xsrf headers and
-      // send the request to the backend
-      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
-        var xsrfValue = urlIsSameOrigin(config.url)
-            ? $$cookieReader()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
-            : undefined;
-        if (xsrfValue) {
-          reqHeaders[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
-        }
-
-        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
-            config.withCredentials, config.responseType,
-            createApplyHandlers(config.eventHandlers),
-            createApplyHandlers(config.uploadEventHandlers));
+    function chainInterceptors(first, second) {
+      function chainedInterceptor(value) {
+        return second(first(value));
       }
+      chainedInterceptor.$stateful = first.$stateful || second.$stateful;
+      chainedInterceptor.$$pure = first.$$pure && second.$$pure;
 
-      return promise;
+      return chainedInterceptor;
+    }
 
-      function createApplyHandlers(eventHandlers) {
-        if (eventHandlers) {
-          var applyHandlers = {};
-          forEach(eventHandlers, function(eventHandler, key) {
-            applyHandlers[key] = function(event) {
-              if (useApplyAsync) {
-                $rootScope.$applyAsync(callEventHandler);
-              } else if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-                callEventHandler();
-              } else {
-                $rootScope.$apply(callEventHandler);
-              }
+    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
+      if (!interceptorFn) return parsedExpression;
 
-              function callEventHandler() {
-                eventHandler(event);
-              }
-            };
-          });
-          return applyHandlers;
-        }
+      // Extract any existing interceptors out of the parsedExpression
+      // to ensure the original parsedExpression is always the $$intercepted
+      if (parsedExpression.$$interceptor) {
+        interceptorFn = chainInterceptors(parsedExpression.$$interceptor, interceptorFn);
+        parsedExpression = parsedExpression.$$intercepted;
       }
 
+      var useInputs = false;
 
-      /**
-       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
-       *  - caches the response if desired
-       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
-       *  - calls $apply
-       */
-      function done(status, response, headersString, statusText) {
-        if (cache) {
-          if (isSuccess(status)) {
-            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString), statusText]);
-          } else {
-            // remove promise from the cache
-            cache.remove(url);
-          }
-        }
-
-        function resolveHttpPromise() {
-          resolvePromise(response, status, headersString, statusText);
-        }
-
-        if (useApplyAsync) {
-          $rootScope.$applyAsync(resolveHttpPromise);
-        } else {
-          resolveHttpPromise();
-          if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
-        }
-      }
+      var fn = function interceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        return interceptorFn(value);
+      };
 
+      // Maintain references to the interceptor/intercepted
+      fn.$$intercepted = parsedExpression;
+      fn.$$interceptor = interceptorFn;
 
-      /**
-       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
-       */
-      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers, statusText) {
-        //status: HTTP response status code, 0, -1 (aborted by timeout / promise)
-        status = status >= -1 ? status : 0;
-
-        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
-          data: response,
-          status: status,
-          headers: headersGetter(headers),
-          config: config,
-          statusText: statusText
-        });
-      }
+      // Propogate the literal/oneTime/constant attributes
+      fn.literal = parsedExpression.literal;
+      fn.oneTime = parsedExpression.oneTime;
+      fn.constant = parsedExpression.constant;
 
-      function resolvePromiseWithResult(result) {
-        resolvePromise(result.data, result.status, shallowCopy(result.headers()), result.statusText);
-      }
+      // Treat the interceptor like filters.
+      // If it is not $stateful then only watch its inputs.
+      // If the expression itself has no inputs then use the full expression as an input.
+      if (!interceptorFn.$stateful) {
+        useInputs = !parsedExpression.inputs;
+        fn.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs ? parsedExpression.inputs : [parsedExpression];
 
-      function removePendingReq() {
-        var idx = $http.pendingRequests.indexOf(config);
-        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
+        if (!interceptorFn.$$pure) {
+          fn.inputs = fn.inputs.map(function(e) {
+              // Remove the isPure flag of inputs when it is not absolute because they are now wrapped in a
+              // non-pure interceptor function.
+              if (e.isPure === PURITY_RELATIVE) {
+                return function depurifier(s) { return e(s); };
+              }
+              return e;
+            });
+        }
       }
-    }
 
-
-    function buildUrl(url, serializedParams) {
-      if (serializedParams.length > 0) {
-        url += ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;
-      }
-      return url;
+      return addWatchDelegate(fn);
     }
   }];
 }
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc service
- * @name $xhrFactory
+ * @name $q
+ * @requires $rootScope
  *
  * @description
- * Factory function used to create XMLHttpRequest objects.
+ * A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions)
+ * when they are done processing.
  *
- * Replace or decorate this service to create your own custom XMLHttpRequest objects.
+ * This is a [Promises/A+](https://promisesaplus.com/)-compliant implementation of promises/deferred
+ * objects inspired by [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
  *
- * ```
- * angular.module('myApp', [])
- * .factory('$xhrFactory', function() {
- *   return function createXhr(method, url) {
- *     return new window.XMLHttpRequest({mozSystem: true});
- *   };
- * });
+ * $q can be used in two fashions --- one which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
+ * implementations, and the other which resembles ES6 (ES2015) promises to some degree.
+ *
+ * ## $q constructor
+ *
+ * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
+ * function as the first argument. This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6,
+ * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
+ *
+ * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from ES6 promises are
+ * available yet.
+ *
+ * It can be used like so:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
+ *     return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
+ *       setTimeout(function() {
+ *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *           resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *         } else {
+ *           reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *         }
+ *       }, 1000);
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   });
  * ```
  *
- * @param {string} method HTTP method of the request (GET, POST, PUT, ..)
- * @param {string} url URL of the request.
- */
-function $xhrFactoryProvider() {
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function createXhr() {
-      return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $httpBackend
- * @requires $jsonpCallbacks
- * @requires $document
- * @requires $xhrFactory
+ * Note: progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
  *
- * @description
- * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
- * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
+ * Note: unlike ES6 behavior, an exception thrown in the constructor function will NOT implicitly reject the promise.
  *
- * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
- * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
+ * However, the more traditional CommonJS-style usage is still available, and documented below.
  *
- * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
- * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
- */
-function $HttpBackendProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$browser', '$jsonpCallbacks', '$document', '$xhrFactory', function($browser, $jsonpCallbacks, $document, $xhrFactory) {
-    return createHttpBackend($browser, $xhrFactory, $browser.defer, $jsonpCallbacks, $document[0]);
-  }];
-}
-
-function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
-  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
-  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType, eventHandlers, uploadEventHandlers) {
-    $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
-    url = url || $browser.url();
-
-    if (lowercase(method) === 'jsonp') {
-      var callbackPath = callbacks.createCallback(url);
-      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, function(status, text) {
-        // jsonpReq only ever sets status to 200 (OK), 404 (ERROR) or -1 (WAITING)
-        var response = (status === 200) && callbacks.getResponse(callbackPath);
-        completeRequest(callback, status, response, "", text);
-        callbacks.removeCallback(callbackPath);
-      });
-    } else {
-
-      var xhr = createXhr(method, url);
-
-      xhr.open(method, url, true);
-      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
-        if (isDefined(value)) {
-            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
-        }
-      });
-
-      xhr.onload = function requestLoaded() {
-        var statusText = xhr.statusText || '';
-
-        // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE9)
-        // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
-        var response = ('response' in xhr) ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
-
-        // normalize IE9 bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
-        var status = xhr.status === 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;
-
-        // fix status code when it is 0 (0 status is undocumented).
-        // Occurs when accessing file resources or on Android 4.1 stock browser
-        // while retrieving files from application cache.
-        if (status === 0) {
-          status = response ? 200 : urlResolve(url).protocol == 'file' ? 404 : 0;
-        }
-
-        completeRequest(callback,
-            status,
-            response,
-            xhr.getAllResponseHeaders(),
-            statusText);
-      };
-
-      var requestError = function() {
-        // The response is always empty
-        // See https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#request-error-steps and https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-network-error
-        completeRequest(callback, -1, null, null, '');
-      };
-
-      xhr.onerror = requestError;
-      xhr.onabort = requestError;
-
-      forEach(eventHandlers, function(value, key) {
-          xhr.addEventListener(key, value);
-      });
-
-      forEach(uploadEventHandlers, function(value, key) {
-        xhr.upload.addEventListener(key, value);
-      });
-
-      if (withCredentials) {
-        xhr.withCredentials = true;
-      }
-
-      if (responseType) {
-        try {
-          xhr.responseType = responseType;
-        } catch (e) {
-          // WebKit added support for the json responseType value on 09/03/2013
-          // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73648. Versions of Safari prior to 7 are
-          // known to throw when setting the value "json" as the response type. Other older
-          // browsers implementing the responseType
-          //
-          // The json response type can be ignored if not supported, because JSON payloads are
-          // parsed on the client-side regardless.
-          if (responseType !== 'json') {
-            throw e;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      xhr.send(isUndefined(post) ? null : post);
-    }
-
-    if (timeout > 0) {
-      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(timeoutRequest, timeout);
-    } else if (isPromiseLike(timeout)) {
-      timeout.then(timeoutRequest);
-    }
-
-
-    function timeoutRequest() {
-      jsonpDone && jsonpDone();
-      xhr && xhr.abort();
-    }
-
-    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString, statusText) {
-      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
-      if (isDefined(timeoutId)) {
-        $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
-      }
-      jsonpDone = xhr = null;
-
-      callback(status, response, headersString, statusText);
-      $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
-    }
-  };
-
-  function jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, done) {
-    url = url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', callbackPath);
-    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy stuff with script elements, e.g.:
-    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
-    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
-    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'), callback = null;
-    script.type = "text/javascript";
-    script.src = url;
-    script.async = true;
-
-    callback = function(event) {
-      removeEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
-      removeEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
-      rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
-      script = null;
-      var status = -1;
-      var text = "unknown";
-
-      if (event) {
-        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks.wasCalled(callbackPath)) {
-          event = { type: "error" };
-        }
-        text = event.type;
-        status = event.type === "error" ? 404 : 200;
-      }
-
-      if (done) {
-        done(status, text);
-      }
-    };
-
-    addEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
-    addEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
-    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
-    return callback;
-  }
-}
-
-var $interpolateMinErr = angular.$interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');
-$interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat = function(text) {
-  throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
-      "Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows " +
-      "interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is " +
-      "required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce", text);
-};
-
-$interpolateMinErr.interr = function(text, err) {
-  return $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text, err.toString());
-};
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $interpolateProvider
+ * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
+ * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
+ * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
  *
- * @description
+ * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
+ * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
  *
- * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     var deferred = $q.defer();
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * This feature is sometimes used to mix different markup languages, e.g. to wrap an Angular
- * template within a Python Jinja template (or any other template language). Mixing templating
- * languages is **very dangerous**. The embedding template language will not safely escape Angular
- * expressions, so any user-controlled values in the template will cause Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
- * security bugs!
- * </div>
+ *     setTimeout(function() {
+ *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
  *
- * @example
-<example name="custom-interpolation-markup" module="customInterpolationApp">
-<file name="index.html">
-<script>
-  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);
-
-  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
-    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
-    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
-  });
-
-
-  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function() {
-      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
-  });
-</script>
-<div ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
-    //demo.label//
-</div>
-</file>
-<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-  it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
-    expect(element(by.binding('demo.label')).getText()).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
-  });
-</file>
-</example>
+ *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *       } else {
+ *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *       }
+ *     }, 1000);
+ *
+ *     return deferred.promise;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   }, function(update) {
+ *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
+ * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
+ * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
+ *
+ * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
+ * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
+ * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
+ * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
+ *
+ * ## The Deferred API
+ *
+ * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
+ * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
+ * of the task.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
+ *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
+ * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
+ *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
+ * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
+ *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ * **Properties**
+ *
+ * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## The Promise API
+ *
+ * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
+ * calling `deferred.promise`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
+ * of the deferred task when it completes.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `then(successCallback, [errorCallback], [notifyCallback])` – regardless of when the promise was or
+ *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
+ *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
+ *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
+ *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
+ *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback` (unless that value is a promise, in which case it is resolved
+ *   with the value which is resolved in that promise using
+ *   [promise chaining](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/es6/promises/#toc-promises-queues)).
+ *   It also notifies via the return value of the `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be
+ *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method. The errorCallback and notifyCallback
+ *   arguments are optional.
+ *
+ * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
+ *
+ * - `finally(callback, notifyCallback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
+ *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
+ *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
+ *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
+ *   more information.
+ *
+ * ## Chaining promises
+ *
+ * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
+ * possible to create a chain of promises:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+ *     return result + 1;
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
+ *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
+ * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
+ * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
+ * $http's response interceptors.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
+ *
+ *  There are two main differences:
+ *
+ * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
+ *   mechanism in AngularJS, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
+ *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
+ * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
+ *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
+ *
+ * ## Testing
+ *
+ *  ```js
+ *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
+ *      var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *      var promise = deferred.promise;
+ *      var resolvedValue;
+ *
+ *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Simulate resolving of promise
+ *      deferred.resolve(123);
+ *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
+ *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
+ *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
+ *      $rootScope.$apply();
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
+ *    }));
+ *  ```
+ *
+ * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
+ *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameter is a function which resolves the
+ *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
+ *
+ * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
+ */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $qProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
  */
-function $InterpolateProvider() {
-  var startSymbol = '{{';
-  var endSymbol = '}}';
+function $QProvider() {
+  var errorOnUnhandledRejections = true;
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections);
+  }];
 
   /**
    * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $interpolateProvider#startSymbol
+   * @name $qProvider#errorOnUnhandledRejections
+   * @kind function
+   *
    * @description
-   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+   * Retrieves or overrides whether to generate an error when a rejected promise is not handled.
+   * This feature is enabled by default.
    *
-   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
-   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   * @param {boolean=} value Whether to generate an error when a rejected promise is not handled.
+   * @returns {boolean|ng.$qProvider} Current value when called without a new value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
    */
-  this.startSymbol = function(value) {
-    if (value) {
-      startSymbol = value;
+  this.errorOnUnhandledRejections = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      errorOnUnhandledRejections = value;
       return this;
     } else {
-      return startSymbol;
+      return errorOnUnhandledRejections;
     }
   };
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $interpolateProvider#endSymbol
-   * @description
-   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
-   *
-   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
-   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
-   */
-  this.endSymbol = function(value) {
-    if (value) {
-      endSymbol = value;
+/** @this */
+function $$QProvider() {
+  var errorOnUnhandledRejections = true;
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $browser.defer(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections);
+  }];
+
+  this.errorOnUnhandledRejections = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      errorOnUnhandledRejections = value;
       return this;
     } else {
-      return endSymbol;
+      return errorOnUnhandledRejections;
     }
   };
+}
 
+/**
+ * Constructs a promise manager.
+ *
+ * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
+ * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
+ *     debugging purposes.
+ * @param {boolean=} errorOnUnhandledRejections Whether an error should be generated on unhandled
+ *     promises rejections.
+ * @returns {object} Promise manager.
+ */
+function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler, errorOnUnhandledRejections) {
+  var $qMinErr = minErr('$q', TypeError);
+  var queueSize = 0;
+  var checkQueue = [];
 
-  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
-    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
-        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length,
-        escapedStartRegexp = new RegExp(startSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g'),
-        escapedEndRegexp = new RegExp(endSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g');
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$q#defer
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
+   *
+   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
+   */
+  function defer() {
+    return new Deferred();
+  }
 
-    function escape(ch) {
-      return '\\\\\\' + ch;
-    }
+  function Deferred() {
+    var promise = this.promise = new Promise();
+    //Non prototype methods necessary to support unbound execution :/
+    this.resolve = function(val) { resolvePromise(promise, val); };
+    this.reject = function(reason) { rejectPromise(promise, reason); };
+    this.notify = function(progress) { notifyPromise(promise, progress); };
+  }
 
-    function unescapeText(text) {
-      return text.replace(escapedStartRegexp, startSymbol).
-        replace(escapedEndRegexp, endSymbol);
-    }
 
-    function stringify(value) {
-      if (value == null) { // null || undefined
-        return '';
-      }
-      switch (typeof value) {
-        case 'string':
-          break;
-        case 'number':
-          value = '' + value;
-          break;
-        default:
-          value = toJson(value);
-      }
-
-      return value;
-    }
-
-    //TODO: this is the same as the constantWatchDelegate in parse.js
-    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, constantInterp) {
-      var unwatch;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantInterpolateWatch(scope) {
-        unwatch();
-        return constantInterp(scope);
-      }, listener, objectEquality);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc service
-     * @name $interpolate
-     * @kind function
-     *
-     * @requires $parse
-     * @requires $sce
-     *
-     * @description
-     *
-     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
-     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
-     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
-     * interpolation markup.
-     *
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
-     *   var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
-     *   expect(exp({name:'Angular'})).toEqual('Hello ANGULAR!');
-     * ```
-     *
-     * `$interpolate` takes an optional fourth argument, `allOrNothing`. If `allOrNothing` is
-     * `true`, the interpolation function will return `undefined` unless all embedded expressions
-     * evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
-     *
-     * ```js
-     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
-     *   var context = {greeting: 'Hello', name: undefined };
-     *
-     *   // default "forgiving" mode
-     *   var exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!');
-     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello !');
-     *
-     *   // "allOrNothing" mode
-     *   exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!', false, null, true);
-     *   expect(exp(context)).toBeUndefined();
-     *   context.name = 'Angular';
-     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello Angular!');
-     * ```
-     *
-     * `allOrNothing` is useful for interpolating URLs. `ngSrc` and `ngSrcset` use this behavior.
-     *
-     * #### Escaped Interpolation
-     * $interpolate provides a mechanism for escaping interpolation markers. Start and end markers
-     * can be escaped by preceding each of their characters with a REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash).
-     * It will be rendered as a regular start/end marker, and will not be interpreted as an expression
-     * or binding.
-     *
-     * This enables web-servers to prevent script injection attacks and defacing attacks, to some
-     * degree, while also enabling code examples to work without relying on the
-     * {@link ng.directive:ngNonBindable ngNonBindable} directive.
-     *
-     * **For security purposes, it is strongly encouraged that web servers escape user-supplied data,
-     * replacing angle brackets (&lt;, &gt;) with &amp;lt; and &amp;gt; respectively, and replacing all
-     * interpolation start/end markers with their escaped counterparts.**
-     *
-     * Escaped interpolation markers are only replaced with the actual interpolation markers in rendered
-     * output when the $interpolate service processes the text. So, for HTML elements interpolated
-     * by {@link ng.$compile $compile}, or otherwise interpolated with the `mustHaveExpression` parameter
-     * set to `true`, the interpolated text must contain an unescaped interpolation expression. As such,
-     * this is typically useful only when user-data is used in rendering a template from the server, or
-     * when otherwise untrusted data is used by a directive.
-     *
-     * <example>
-     *  <file name="index.html">
-     *    <div ng-init="username='A user'">
-     *      <p ng-init="apptitle='Escaping demo'">{{apptitle}}: \{\{ username = "defaced value"; \}\}
-     *        </p>
-     *      <p><strong>{{username}}</strong> attempts to inject code which will deface the
-     *        application, but fails to accomplish their task, because the server has correctly
-     *        escaped the interpolation start/end markers with REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash)
-     *        characters.</p>
-     *      <p>Instead, the result of the attempted script injection is visible, and can be removed
-     *        from the database by an administrator.</p>
-     *    </div>
-     *  </file>
-     * </example>
-     *
-     * @knownIssue
-     * It is currently not possible for an interpolated expression to contain the interpolation end
-     * symbol. For example, `{{ '}}' }}` will be incorrectly interpreted as `{{ ' }}` + `' }}`, i.e.
-     * an interpolated expression consisting of a single-quote (`'`) and the `' }}` string.
-     *
-     * @knownIssue
-     * All directives and components must use the standard `{{` `}}` interpolation symbols
-     * in their templates. If you change the application interpolation symbols the {@link $compile}
-     * service will attempt to denormalize the standard symbols to the custom symbols.
-     * The denormalization process is not clever enough to know not to replace instances of the standard
-     * symbols where they would not normally be treated as interpolation symbols. For example in the following
-     * code snippet the closing braces of the literal object will get incorrectly denormalized:
-     *
-     * ```
-     * <div data-context='{"context":{"id":3,"type":"page"}}">
-     * ```
-     *
-     * The workaround is to ensure that such instances are separated by whitespace:
-     * ```
-     * <div data-context='{"context":{"id":3,"type":"page"} }">
-     * ```
-     *
-     * See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/14610#issuecomment-219401099 for more information.
-     *
-     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
-     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
-     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
-     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
-     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
-     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
-     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
-     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
-     * @param {boolean=} allOrNothing if `true`, then the returned function returns undefined
-     *    unless all embedded expressions evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
-     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
-     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
-     *
-     * - `context`: evaluation context for all expressions embedded in the interpolated text
-     */
-    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext, allOrNothing) {
-      // Provide a quick exit and simplified result function for text with no interpolation
-      if (!text.length || text.indexOf(startSymbol) === -1) {
-        var constantInterp;
-        if (!mustHaveExpression) {
-          var unescapedText = unescapeText(text);
-          constantInterp = valueFn(unescapedText);
-          constantInterp.exp = text;
-          constantInterp.expressions = [];
-          constantInterp.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
-        }
-        return constantInterp;
-      }
-
-      allOrNothing = !!allOrNothing;
-      var startIndex,
-          endIndex,
-          index = 0,
-          expressions = [],
-          parseFns = [],
-          textLength = text.length,
-          exp,
-          concat = [],
-          expressionPositions = [];
-
-      while (index < textLength) {
-        if (((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) != -1) &&
-             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) != -1)) {
-          if (index !== startIndex) {
-            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index, startIndex)));
-          }
-          exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex);
-          expressions.push(exp);
-          parseFns.push($parse(exp, parseStringifyInterceptor));
-          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
-          expressionPositions.push(concat.length);
-          concat.push('');
-        } else {
-          // we did not find an interpolation, so we have to add the remainder to the separators array
-          if (index !== textLength) {
-            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index)));
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-      }
+  function Promise() {
+    this.$$state = { status: 0 };
+  }
 
-      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
-      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
-      // single expression be used for iframe[src], object[src], etc., we ensure that the value
-      // that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere that is more testable or
-      // make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled value.  This helps reduce
-      // the load when auditing for XSS issues.
-      if (trustedContext && concat.length > 1) {
-          $interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat(text);
+  extend(Promise.prototype, {
+    then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack) {
+      if (isUndefined(onFulfilled) && isUndefined(onRejected) && isUndefined(progressBack)) {
+        return this;
       }
+      var result = new Promise();
 
-      if (!mustHaveExpression || expressions.length) {
-        var compute = function(values) {
-          for (var i = 0, ii = expressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
-            if (allOrNothing && isUndefined(values[i])) return;
-            concat[expressionPositions[i]] = values[i];
-          }
-          return concat.join('');
-        };
-
-        var getValue = function(value) {
-          return trustedContext ?
-            $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, value) :
-            $sce.valueOf(value);
-        };
+      this.$$state.pending = this.$$state.pending || [];
+      this.$$state.pending.push([result, onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack]);
+      if (this.$$state.status > 0) scheduleProcessQueue(this.$$state);
 
-        return extend(function interpolationFn(context) {
-            var i = 0;
-            var ii = expressions.length;
-            var values = new Array(ii);
+      return result;
+    },
 
-            try {
-              for (; i < ii; i++) {
-                values[i] = parseFns[i](context);
-              }
+    'catch': function(callback) {
+      return this.then(null, callback);
+    },
 
-              return compute(values);
-            } catch (err) {
-              $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
-            }
+    'finally': function(callback, progressBack) {
+      return this.then(function(value) {
+        return handleCallback(value, resolve, callback);
+      }, function(error) {
+        return handleCallback(error, reject, callback);
+      }, progressBack);
+    }
+  });
 
-          }, {
-          // all of these properties are undocumented for now
-          exp: text, //just for compatibility with regular watchers created via $watch
-          expressions: expressions,
-          $$watchDelegate: function(scope, listener) {
-            var lastValue;
-            return scope.$watchGroup(parseFns, function interpolateFnWatcher(values, oldValues) {
-              var currValue = compute(values);
-              if (isFunction(listener)) {
-                listener.call(this, currValue, values !== oldValues ? lastValue : currValue, scope);
-              }
-              lastValue = currValue;
-            });
-          }
-        });
-      }
+  function processQueue(state) {
+    var fn, promise, pending;
 
-      function parseStringifyInterceptor(value) {
+    pending = state.pending;
+    state.processScheduled = false;
+    state.pending = undefined;
+    try {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = pending.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+        markQStateExceptionHandled(state);
+        promise = pending[i][0];
+        fn = pending[i][state.status];
         try {
-          value = getValue(value);
-          return allOrNothing && !isDefined(value) ? value : stringify(value);
-        } catch (err) {
-          $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
+          if (isFunction(fn)) {
+            resolvePromise(promise, fn(state.value));
+          } else if (state.status === 1) {
+            resolvePromise(promise, state.value);
+          } else {
+            rejectPromise(promise, state.value);
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          rejectPromise(promise, e);
+          // This error is explicitly marked for being passed to the $exceptionHandler
+          if (e && e.$$passToExceptionHandler === true) {
+            exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
         }
       }
+    } finally {
+      --queueSize;
+      if (errorOnUnhandledRejections && queueSize === 0) {
+        nextTick(processChecks);
+      }
     }
+  }
 
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $interpolate#startSymbol
-     * @description
-     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
-     *
-     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol `$interpolateProvider.startSymbol`} to change
-     * the symbol.
-     *
-     * @returns {string} start symbol.
-     */
-    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
-      return startSymbol;
-    };
-
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $interpolate#endSymbol
-     * @description
-     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
-     *
-     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol `$interpolateProvider.endSymbol`} to change
-     * the symbol.
-     *
-     * @returns {string} end symbol.
-     */
-    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
-      return endSymbol;
-    };
-
-    return $interpolate;
-  }];
-}
-
-function $IntervalProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q', '$$q', '$browser',
-       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q,   $$q,   $browser) {
-    var intervals = {};
-
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc service
-      * @name $interval
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
-      * milliseconds.
-      *
-      * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
-      * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
-      * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
-      * number of iterations that have run.
-      * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
-      *
-      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
-      * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
-      * time.
-      *
-      * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-      * **Note**: Intervals created by this service must be explicitly destroyed when you are finished
-      * with them.  In particular they are not automatically destroyed when a controller's scope or a
-      * directive's element are destroyed.
-      * You should take this into consideration and make sure to always cancel the interval at the
-      * appropriate moment.  See the example below for more details on how and when to do this.
-      * </div>
-      *
-      * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly.
-      * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
-      * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
-      *   indefinitely.
-      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
-      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
-      * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
-      * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
-      *
-      * @example
-      * <example module="intervalExample">
-      * <file name="index.html">
-      *   <script>
-      *     angular.module('intervalExample', [])
-      *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$interval',
-      *         function($scope, $interval) {
-      *           $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
-      *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
-      *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
-      *
-      *           var stop;
-      *           $scope.fight = function() {
-      *             // Don't start a new fight if we are already fighting
-      *             if ( angular.isDefined(stop) ) return;
-      *
-      *             stop = $interval(function() {
-      *               if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
-      *                 $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
-      *                 $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
-      *               } else {
-      *                 $scope.stopFight();
-      *               }
-      *             }, 100);
-      *           };
-      *
-      *           $scope.stopFight = function() {
-      *             if (angular.isDefined(stop)) {
-      *               $interval.cancel(stop);
-      *               stop = undefined;
-      *             }
-      *           };
-      *
-      *           $scope.resetFight = function() {
-      *             $scope.blood_1 = 100;
-      *             $scope.blood_2 = 120;
-      *           };
-      *
-      *           $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
-      *             // Make sure that the interval is destroyed too
-      *             $scope.stopFight();
-      *           });
-      *         }])
-      *       // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
-      *       // We inject $interval and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
-      *       .directive('myCurrentTime', ['$interval', 'dateFilter',
-      *         function($interval, dateFilter) {
-      *           // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
-      *           return function(scope, element, attrs) {
-      *             var format,  // date format
-      *                 stopTime; // so that we can cancel the time updates
-      *
-      *             // used to update the UI
-      *             function updateTime() {
-      *               element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
-      *             }
-      *
-      *             // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
-      *             scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
-      *               format = value;
-      *               updateTime();
-      *             });
-      *
-      *             stopTime = $interval(updateTime, 1000);
-      *
-      *             // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
-      *             // to prevent updating time after the DOM element was removed.
-      *             element.on('$destroy', function() {
-      *               $interval.cancel(stopTime);
-      *             });
-      *           }
-      *         }]);
-      *   </script>
-      *
-      *   <div>
-      *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-      *       <label>Date format: <input ng-model="format"></label> <hr/>
-      *       Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
-      *       <hr/>
-      *       Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
-      *       Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
-      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
-      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
-      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
-      *     </div>
-      *   </div>
-      *
-      * </file>
-      * </example>
-      */
-    function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
-      var hasParams = arguments.length > 4,
-          args = hasParams ? sliceArgs(arguments, 4) : [],
-          setInterval = $window.setInterval,
-          clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
-          iteration = 0,
-          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
-          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise;
-
-      count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;
-
-      promise.$$intervalId = setInterval(function tick() {
-        if (skipApply) {
-          $browser.defer(callback);
-        } else {
-          $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
-        }
-        deferred.notify(iteration++);
-
-        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
-          deferred.resolve(iteration);
-          clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
-          delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
-        }
-
-        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
-
-      }, delay);
-
-      intervals[promise.$$intervalId] = deferred;
-
-      return promise;
-
-      function callback() {
-        if (!hasParams) {
-          fn(iteration);
+  function processChecks() {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unmodified-loop-condition
+    while (!queueSize && checkQueue.length) {
+      var toCheck = checkQueue.shift();
+      if (!isStateExceptionHandled(toCheck)) {
+        markQStateExceptionHandled(toCheck);
+        var errorMessage = 'Possibly unhandled rejection: ' + toDebugString(toCheck.value);
+        if (isError(toCheck.value)) {
+          exceptionHandler(toCheck.value, errorMessage);
         } else {
-          fn.apply(null, args);
+          exceptionHandler(errorMessage);
         }
       }
     }
+  }
 
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc method
-      * @name $interval#cancel
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
-      *
-      * @param {Promise=} promise returned by the `$interval` function.
-      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
-      */
-    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
-      if (promise && promise.$$intervalId in intervals) {
-        intervals[promise.$$intervalId].reject('canceled');
-        $window.clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
-        delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
-        return true;
+  function scheduleProcessQueue(state) {
+    if (errorOnUnhandledRejections && !state.pending && state.status === 2 && !isStateExceptionHandled(state)) {
+      if (queueSize === 0 && checkQueue.length === 0) {
+        nextTick(processChecks);
       }
-      return false;
-    };
-
-    return interval;
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $jsonpCallbacks
- * @requires $window
- * @description
- * This service handles the lifecycle of callbacks to handle JSONP requests.
- * Override this service if you wish to customise where the callbacks are stored and
- * how they vary compared to the requested url.
- */
-var $jsonpCallbacksProvider = function() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
-    var callbacks = $window.angular.callbacks;
-    var callbackMap = {};
-
-    function createCallback(callbackId) {
-      var callback = function(data) {
-        callback.data = data;
-        callback.called = true;
-      };
-      callback.id = callbackId;
-      return callback;
+      checkQueue.push(state);
     }
-
-    return {
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#createCallback
-       * @param {string} url the url of the JSONP request
-       * @returns {string} the callback path to send to the server as part of the JSONP request
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to create a callback and get hold of the path to the callback
-       * to pass to the server, which will be used to call the callback with its payload in the JSONP response.
-       */
-      createCallback: function(url) {
-        var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.$$counter++).toString(36);
-        var callbackPath = 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId;
-        var callback = createCallback(callbackId);
-        callbackMap[callbackPath] = callbacks[callbackId] = callback;
-        return callbackPath;
-      },
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#wasCalled
-       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
-       * @returns {boolean} whether the callback has been called, as a result of the JSONP response
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to find out whether the JSONP response actually called the
-       * callback that was passed in the request.
-       */
-      wasCalled: function(callbackPath) {
-        return callbackMap[callbackPath].called;
-      },
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#getResponse
-       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
-       * @returns {*} the data received from the response via the registered callback
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to get hold of the data that was provided to the callback
-       * in the JSONP response.
-       */
-      getResponse: function(callbackPath) {
-        return callbackMap[callbackPath].data;
-      },
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#removeCallback
-       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
-       * @description
-       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to remove the callback after the JSONP request has
-       * completed or timed-out.
-       */
-      removeCallback: function(callbackPath) {
-        var callback = callbackMap[callbackPath];
-        delete callbacks[callback.id];
-        delete callbackMap[callbackPath];
-      }
-    };
-  }];
-};
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $locale
- *
- * @description
- * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
- * only public api is:
- *
- * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
- */
-
-var PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
-    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
-var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
-
-
-/**
- * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
- *
- * @param {string} path Path to encode
- * @returns {string}
- */
-function encodePath(path) {
-  var segments = path.split('/'),
-      i = segments.length;
-
-  while (i--) {
-    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
+    if (state.processScheduled || !state.pending) return;
+    state.processScheduled = true;
+    ++queueSize;
+    nextTick(function() { processQueue(state); });
   }
 
-  return segments.join('/');
-}
+  function resolvePromise(promise, val) {
+    if (promise.$$state.status) return;
+    if (val === promise) {
+      $$reject(promise, $qMinErr(
+        'qcycle',
+        'Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself \'{0}\'',
+        val));
+    } else {
+      $$resolve(promise, val);
+    }
 
-function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj) {
-  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl);
+  }
 
-  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
-  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
-  locationObj.$$port = toInt(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
-}
+  function $$resolve(promise, val) {
+    var then;
+    var done = false;
+    try {
+      if (isObject(val) || isFunction(val)) then = val.then;
+      if (isFunction(then)) {
+        promise.$$state.status = -1;
+        then.call(val, doResolve, doReject, doNotify);
+      } else {
+        promise.$$state.value = val;
+        promise.$$state.status = 1;
+        scheduleProcessQueue(promise.$$state);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      doReject(e);
+    }
 
+    function doResolve(val) {
+      if (done) return;
+      done = true;
+      $$resolve(promise, val);
+    }
+    function doReject(val) {
+      if (done) return;
+      done = true;
+      $$reject(promise, val);
+    }
+    function doNotify(progress) {
+      notifyPromise(promise, progress);
+    }
+  }
 
-function parseAppUrl(relativeUrl, locationObj) {
-  var prefixed = (relativeUrl.charAt(0) !== '/');
-  if (prefixed) {
-    relativeUrl = '/' + relativeUrl;
+  function rejectPromise(promise, reason) {
+    if (promise.$$state.status) return;
+    $$reject(promise, reason);
   }
-  var match = urlResolve(relativeUrl);
-  locationObj.$$path = decodeURIComponent(prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ?
-      match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname);
-  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
-  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
 
-  // make sure path starts with '/';
-  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) != '/') {
-    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
+  function $$reject(promise, reason) {
+    promise.$$state.value = reason;
+    promise.$$state.status = 2;
+    scheduleProcessQueue(promise.$$state);
   }
-}
 
-function startsWith(haystack, needle) {
-  return haystack.lastIndexOf(needle, 0) === 0;
-}
+  function notifyPromise(promise, progress) {
+    var callbacks = promise.$$state.pending;
 
-/**
- *
- * @param {string} base
- * @param {string} url
- * @returns {string} returns text from `url` after `base` or `undefined` if it does not begin with
- *                   the expected string.
- */
-function stripBaseUrl(base, url) {
-  if (startsWith(url, base)) {
-    return url.substr(base.length);
+    if ((promise.$$state.status <= 0) && callbacks && callbacks.length) {
+      nextTick(function() {
+        var callback, result;
+        for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          result = callbacks[i][0];
+          callback = callbacks[i][3];
+          try {
+            notifyPromise(result, isFunction(callback) ? callback(progress) : progress);
+          } catch (e) {
+            exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
   }
-}
-
-
-function stripHash(url) {
-  var index = url.indexOf('#');
-  return index == -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
-}
-
-function trimEmptyHash(url) {
-  return url.replace(/(#.+)|#$/, '$1');
-}
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#reject
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
+   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
+   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
+   *
+   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
+   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
+   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
+   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
+   * `reject`.
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
+   *     //          with the old or a new result
+   *     return result;
+   *   }, function(reason) {
+   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
+   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
+   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
+   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
+   *      // handle the error and recover
+   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
+   *     }
+   *     return $q.reject(reason);
+   *   });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
+   */
+  function reject(reason) {
+    var result = new Promise();
+    rejectPromise(result, reason);
+    return result;
+  }
 
-function stripFile(url) {
-  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
-}
+  function handleCallback(value, resolver, callback) {
+    var callbackOutput = null;
+    try {
+      if (isFunction(callback)) callbackOutput = callback();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return reject(e);
+    }
+    if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
+      return callbackOutput.then(function() {
+        return resolver(value);
+      }, reject);
+    } else {
+      return resolver(value);
+    }
+  }
 
-/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
-function serverBase(url) {
-  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
-}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#when
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
+   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
+   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
 
 
-/**
- * LocationHtml5Url represents an url
- * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
- *
- * @constructor
- * @param {string} appBase application base URL
- * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
- * @param {string} basePrefix url path prefix
- */
-function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, basePrefix) {
-  this.$$html5 = true;
-  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
-  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+  function when(value, callback, errback, progressBack) {
+    var result = new Promise();
+    resolvePromise(result, value);
+    return result.then(callback, errback, progressBack);
+  }
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#resolve
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Alias of {@link ng.$q#when when} to maintain naming consistency with ES6.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
+  var resolve = when;
 
   /**
-   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
-   * @param {string} url HTML5 url
-   * @private
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#all
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
+   * promises are resolved.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
+   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
+   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
+   *   with the same rejection value.
    */
-  this.$$parse = function(url) {
-    var pathUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
-    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
-      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
-          appBaseNoFile);
-    }
 
-    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this);
+  function all(promises) {
+    var result = new Promise(),
+        counter = 0,
+        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
+
+    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
+      counter++;
+      when(promise).then(function(value) {
+        results[key] = value;
+        if (!(--counter)) resolvePromise(result, results);
+      }, function(reason) {
+        rejectPromise(result, reason);
+      });
+    });
 
-    if (!this.$$path) {
-      this.$$path = '/';
+    if (counter === 0) {
+      resolvePromise(result, results);
     }
 
-    this.$$compose();
-  };
+    return result;
+  }
 
   /**
-   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
-   * @private
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#race
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of those promises
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of the `promises`
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
    */
-  this.$$compose = function() {
-    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
-        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
 
-    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
-    this.$$absUrl = appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
-  };
+  function race(promises) {
+    var deferred = defer();
 
-  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
-    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
-      // special case for links to hash fragments:
-      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
-      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
-      return true;
+    forEach(promises, function(promise) {
+      when(promise).then(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject);
+    });
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
+  function $Q(resolver) {
+    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
+      throw $qMinErr('norslvr', 'Expected resolverFn, got \'{0}\'', resolver);
     }
-    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
-    var rewrittenUrl;
 
-    if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url))) {
-      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
-      if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(basePrefix, appUrl))) {
-        rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + (stripBaseUrl('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
-      } else {
-        rewrittenUrl = appBase + prevAppUrl;
-      }
-    } else if (isDefined(appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
-    } else if (appBaseNoFile == url + '/') {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    var promise = new Promise();
+
+    function resolveFn(value) {
+      resolvePromise(promise, value);
     }
-    if (rewrittenUrl) {
-      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+
+    function rejectFn(reason) {
+      rejectPromise(promise, reason);
     }
-    return !!rewrittenUrl;
-  };
-}
 
+    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);
 
-/**
- * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
- * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
- * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
- *
- * @constructor
- * @param {string} appBase application base URL
- * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
- * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
- */
-function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
+    return promise;
+  }
 
-  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+  // Let's make the instanceof operator work for promises, so that
+  // `new $q(fn) instanceof $q` would evaluate to true.
+  $Q.prototype = Promise.prototype;
 
+  $Q.defer = defer;
+  $Q.reject = reject;
+  $Q.when = when;
+  $Q.resolve = resolve;
+  $Q.all = all;
+  $Q.race = race;
 
-  /**
-   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
-   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
-   * @private
-   */
-  this.$$parse = function(url) {
-    var withoutBaseUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBase, url) || stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url);
-    var withoutHashUrl;
+  return $Q;
+}
 
-    if (!isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl) && withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === '#') {
+function isStateExceptionHandled(state) {
+  return !!state.pur;
+}
+function markQStateExceptionHandled(state) {
+  state.pur = true;
+}
+function markQExceptionHandled(q) {
+  // Built-in `$q` promises will always have a `$$state` property. This check is to allow
+  // overwriting `$q` with a different promise library (e.g. Bluebird + angular-bluebird-promises).
+  // (Currently, this is the only method that might be called with a promise, even if it is not
+  // created by the built-in `$q`.)
+  if (q.$$state) {
+    markQStateExceptionHandled(q.$$state);
+  }
+}
 
-      // The rest of the url starts with a hash so we have
-      // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
-      withoutHashUrl = stripBaseUrl(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
-      if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
-        // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
-        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
-      }
+/** @this */
+function $$RAFProvider() { //rAF
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
+    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
+                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame;
 
-    } else {
-      // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
-      // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
-      // Otherwise we ignore what is left
-      if (this.$$html5) {
-        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
-      } else {
-        withoutHashUrl = '';
-        if (isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl)) {
-          appBase = url;
-          this.replace();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this);
-
-    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
-
-    this.$$compose();
-
-    /*
-     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
-     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
-     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
-     * pathname without a drive is set:
-     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
-     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
-     *
-     * Inside of Angular, we're always using pathnames that
-     * do not include drive names for routing.
-     */
-    function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
-      /*
-      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
-      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
-      */
-      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
+    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
 
-      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
+    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
+    var raf = rafSupported
+      ? function(fn) {
+          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
+          return function() {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
+          };
+        }
+      : function(fn) {
+          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
+          return function() {
+            $timeout.cancel(timer);
+          };
+        };
 
-      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
-      if (startsWith(url, base)) {
-        url = url.replace(base, '');
-      }
+    raf.supported = rafSupported;
 
-      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
-      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
-        return path;
-      }
+    return raf;
+  }];
+}
 
-      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
-      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
-    }
-  };
+/**
+ * DESIGN NOTES
+ *
+ * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
+ *
+ * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
+ * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
+ *
+ * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
+ *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
+ *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
+ *     exposed as $$____ properties
+ *
+ * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
+ *   - This means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
+ *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
+ *
+ * Child scopes are created and removed often
+ *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in the middle are expensive; so we use linked lists
+ *
+ * There are fewer watches than observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be implemented
+ * in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of the initialization function which is expensive
+ * to construct.
+ */
 
-  /**
-   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
-   * @private
-   */
-  this.$$compose = function() {
-    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
-        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
 
-    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
-    this.$$absUrl = appBase + (this.$$url ? hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
-  };
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Provider for the $rootScope service.
+ */
 
-  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
-    if (stripHash(appBase) == stripHash(url)) {
-      this.$$parse(url);
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-}
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
+ * assuming that the model is unstable.
+ *
+ * The current default is 10 iterations.
+ *
+ * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
+ * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
+ * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
+ * continuously change during the digest.
+ *
+ * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
+ * proper justification.
+ *
+ * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
+ */
 
 
 /**
- * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
- * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
- * does not support it.
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootScope
+ * @this
  *
- * @constructor
- * @param {string} appBase application base URL
- * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
- * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+ * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
+ * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
+ * They also provide event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
+ * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
  */
-function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
-  this.$$html5 = true;
-  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
+function $RootScopeProvider() {
+  var TTL = 10;
+  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
+  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
+  var applyAsyncId = null;
 
-  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
-    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
-      // special case for links to hash fragments:
-      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
-      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
-      return true;
+  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      TTL = value;
     }
+    return TTL;
+  };
 
-    var rewrittenUrl;
-    var appUrl;
-
-    if (appBase == stripHash(url)) {
-      rewrittenUrl = url;
-    } else if ((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
-    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
-      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
-    }
-    if (rewrittenUrl) {
-      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+  function createChildScopeClass(parent) {
+    function ChildScope() {
+      this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
+          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$ChildScope = null;
+      this.$$suspended = false;
     }
-    return !!rewrittenUrl;
-  };
+    ChildScope.prototype = parent;
+    return ChildScope;
+  }
 
-  this.$$compose = function() {
-    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
-        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
+      function($exceptionHandler, $parse, $browser) {
 
-    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
-    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE9 does not reload page because of removal of '#'
-    this.$$absUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + this.$$url;
-  };
+    function destroyChildScope($event) {
+        $event.currentScope.$$destroyed = true;
+    }
 
-}
+    function cleanUpScope($scope) {
 
+      // Support: IE 9 only
+      if (msie === 9) {
+        // There is a memory leak in IE9 if all child scopes are not disconnected
+        // completely when a scope is destroyed. So this code will recurse up through
+        // all this scopes children
+        //
+        // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/10706
+        if ($scope.$$childHead) {
+          cleanUpScope($scope.$$childHead);
+        }
+        if ($scope.$$nextSibling) {
+          cleanUpScope($scope.$$nextSibling);
+        }
+      }
 
-var locationPrototype = {
+      // The code below works around IE9 and V8's memory leaks
+      //
+      // See:
+      // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
+      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
+      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
 
-  /**
-   * Ensure absolute url is initialized.
-   * @private
-   */
-  $$absUrl:'',
+      $scope.$parent = $scope.$$nextSibling = $scope.$$prevSibling = $scope.$$childHead =
+          $scope.$$childTail = $scope.$root = $scope.$$watchers = null;
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Are we in html5 mode?
-   * @private
-   */
-  $$html5: false,
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc type
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
+     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
+     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
+     * compiled HTML template is executed.) See also the {@link guide/scope Scopes guide} for
+     * an in-depth introduction and usage examples.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Inheritance
+     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
+     * ```js
+         var parent = $rootScope;
+         var child = parent.$new();
 
-  /**
-   * Has any change been replacing?
-   * @private
-   */
-  $$replace: false,
+         parent.salutation = "Hello";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#absUrl
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
-   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var absUrl = $location.absUrl();
-   * // => "http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @return {string} full url
-   */
-  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#url
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var url = $location.url();
-   * // => "/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
-   * @return {string} url
-   */
-  url: function(url) {
-    if (isUndefined(url)) {
-      return this.$$url;
+         child.salutation = "Welcome";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
+         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * When interacting with `Scope` in tests, additional helper methods are available on the
+     * instances of `Scope` type. See {@link ngMock.$rootScope.Scope ngMock Scope} for additional
+     * details.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
+     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
+     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
+     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
+     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
+     *                              service.
+     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
+     *
+     */
+    function Scope() {
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
+                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
+                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$root = this;
+      this.$$destroyed = false;
+      this.$$suspended = false;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$$isolateBindings = null;
     }
 
-    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
-    if (match[1] || url === '') this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
-    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === '') this.search(match[3] || '');
-    this.hash(match[5] || '');
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing) useful for debugging.
+     */
 
-    return this;
-  },
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc property
+      * @name $rootScope.Scope#$parent
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Reference to the parent scope.
+      */
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#protocol
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return protocol of current url.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var protocol = $location.protocol();
-   * // => "http"
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @return {string} protocol of current url
-   */
-  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc property
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$root
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Reference to the root scope.
+       */
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#host
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return host of current url.
-   *
-   * Note: compared to the non-angular version `location.host` which returns `hostname:port`, this returns the `hostname` portion only.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var host = $location.host();
-   * // => "example.com"
-   *
-   * // given url http://user:password@example.com:8080/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * host = $location.host();
-   * // => "example.com"
-   * host = location.host;
-   * // => "example.com:8080"
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @return {string} host of current url.
-   */
-  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
+    Scope.prototype = {
+      constructor: Scope,
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+       *
+       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} event.
+       * The scope can be removed from the scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
+       *
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
+       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
+       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
+       *
+       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
+       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
+       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
+       *         state.
+       *
+       * @param {Scope} [parent=this] The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `Scope`} that will be the `$parent`
+       *                              of the newly created scope. Defaults to `this` scope if not provided.
+       *                              This is used when creating a transclude scope to correctly place it
+       *                              in the scope hierarchy while maintaining the correct prototypical
+       *                              inheritance.
+       *
+       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
+       *
+       */
+      $new: function(isolate, parent) {
+        var child;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#port
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter only.
-   *
-   * Return port of current url.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var port = $location.port();
-   * // => 80
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @return {Number} port
-   */
-  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
+        parent = parent || this;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#path
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
-   *
-   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
-   * if it is missing.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var path = $location.path();
-   * // => "/some/path"
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {(string|number)=} path New path
-   * @return {(string|object)} path if called with no parameters, or `$location` if called with a parameter
-   */
-  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
-    path = path !== null ? path.toString() : '';
-    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
-  }),
+        if (isolate) {
+          child = new Scope();
+          child.$root = this.$root;
+        } else {
+          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
+          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
+          if (!this.$$ChildScope) {
+            this.$$ChildScope = createChildScopeClass(this);
+          }
+          child = new this.$$ChildScope();
+        }
+        child.$parent = parent;
+        child.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
+        if (parent.$$childHead) {
+          parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
+          parent.$$childTail = child;
+        } else {
+          parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = child;
+        }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#search
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
-   * var searchObject = $location.search();
-   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
-   *
-   * // set foo to 'yipee'
-   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
-   * // $location.search() => {foo: 'yipee', baz: 'xoxo'}
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
-   * hash object.
-   *
-   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
-   * of `$location` to the specified value.
-   *
-   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
-   * as duplicate search parameters in the url.
-   *
-   * @param {(string|Number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string or number, then `paramValue`
-   * will override only a single search property.
-   *
-   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
-   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
-   *
-   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
-   *
-   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
-   * value nor trailing equal sign.
-   *
-   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
-   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
-   */
-  search: function(search, paramValue) {
-    switch (arguments.length) {
-      case 0:
-        return this.$$search;
-      case 1:
-        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
-          search = search.toString();
-          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
-        } else if (isObject(search)) {
-          search = copy(search, {});
-          // remove object undefined or null properties
-          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
-            if (value == null) delete search[key];
-          });
+        // When the new scope is not isolated or we inherit from `this`, and
+        // the parent scope is destroyed, the property `$$destroyed` is inherited
+        // prototypically. In all other cases, this property needs to be set
+        // when the parent scope is destroyed.
+        // The listener needs to be added after the parent is set
+        if (isolate || parent !== this) child.$on('$destroy', destroyChildScope);
 
-          this.$$search = search;
-        } else {
-          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
-              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
-        }
-        break;
-      default:
-        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
-          delete this.$$search[search];
-        } else {
-          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
-        }
-    }
+        return child;
+      },
 
-    this.$$compose();
-    return this;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (`watchExpression` should not change
+       *   its value when executed multiple times with the same input because it may be executed multiple
+       *   times by {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()}. That is, `watchExpression` should be
+       *   [idempotent](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence).)
+       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
+       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
+       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
+       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
+       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
+       *   (see next point)
+       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
+       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
+       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
+       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
+       * - This should not be used to watch for changes in objects that are (or contain)
+       *   [File](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/File) objects due to limitations with {@link angular.copy `angular.copy`}.
+       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
+       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
+       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
+       *
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Be prepared for
+       * multiple calls to your `watchExpression` because it will execute multiple times in a
+       * single {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle if a change is detected.)
+       *
+       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
+       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
+       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
+       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
+       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
+       * listener was called due to initialization.
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
+           var scope = $rootScope;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#hash
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Returns the hash fragment when called without any parameters.
-   *
-   * Changes the hash fragment when called with a parameter and returns `$location`.
-   *
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo#hashValue
-   * var hash = $location.hash();
-   * // => "hashValue"
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {(string|number)=} hash New hash fragment
-   * @return {string} hash
-   */
-  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', function(hash) {
-    return hash !== null ? hash.toString() : '';
-  }),
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#replace
-   *
-   * @description
-   * If called, all changes to $location during the current `$digest` will replace the current history
-   * record, instead of adding a new one.
-   */
-  replace: function() {
-    this.$$replace = true;
-    return this;
-  }
-};
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-forEach([LocationHashbangInHtml5Url, LocationHashbangUrl, LocationHtml5Url], function(Location) {
-  Location.prototype = Object.create(locationPrototype);
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $location#state
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This method is getter / setter.
-   *
-   * Return the history state object when called without any parameter.
-   *
-   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
-   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
-   *
-   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
-   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
-   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
-   *
-   * @param {object=} state State object for pushState or replaceState
-   * @return {object} state
-   */
-  Location.prototype.state = function(state) {
-    if (!arguments.length) {
-      return this.$$state;
-    }
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
 
-    if (Location !== LocationHtml5Url || !this.$$html5) {
-      throw $locationMinErr('nostate', 'History API state support is available only ' +
-        'in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API');
-    }
-    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.state(stateObject)`
-    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
-    // so the modification window is narrow.
-    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
 
-    return this;
-  };
-});
 
+           // Using a function as a watchExpression
+           var food;
+           scope.foodCounter = 0;
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch(
+             // This function returns the value being watched. It is called for each turn of the $digest loop
+             function() { return food; },
+             // This is the change listener, called when the value returned from the above function changes
+             function(newValue, oldValue) {
+               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
+                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
+                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
+               }
+             }
+           );
+           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
 
-function locationGetter(property) {
-  return function() {
-    return this[property];
-  };
-}
+           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
 
+           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
+           food = 'cheeseburger';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
 
-function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
-  return function(value) {
-    if (isUndefined(value)) {
-      return this[property];
-    }
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
+       *    a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
+       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
+       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
+       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
+       * @param {boolean=} [objectEquality=false] Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
+       *     comparing for reference equality.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression) {
+        var get = $parse(watchExp);
+        var fn = isFunction(listener) ? listener : noop;
 
-    this[property] = preprocess(value);
-    this.$$compose();
+        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
+          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, fn, objectEquality, get, watchExp);
+        }
+        var scope = this,
+            array = scope.$$watchers,
+            watcher = {
+              fn: fn,
+              last: initWatchVal,
+              get: get,
+              exp: prettyPrintExpression || watchExp,
+              eq: !!objectEquality
+            };
 
-    return this;
-  };
-}
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
 
+        if (!array) {
+          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
+          array.$$digestWatchIndex = -1;
+        }
+        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
+        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
+        array.unshift(watcher);
+        array.$$digestWatchIndex++;
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, 1);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $location
- *
- * @requires $rootElement
- *
- * @description
- * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
- * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
- * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
- * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
- *
- * **The $location service:**
- *
- * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
- *   - Watch and observe the URL.
- *   - Change the URL.
- * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
- *   - Changes the address bar.
- *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
- *   - Clicks on a link.
- * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
- *
- * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $locationProvider
- * @description
- * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
- */
-function $LocationProvider() {
-  var hashPrefix = '',
-      html5Mode = {
-        enabled: false,
-        requireBase: true,
-        rewriteLinks: true
-      };
+        return function deregisterWatch() {
+          var index = arrayRemove(array, watcher);
+          if (index >= 0) {
+            incrementWatchersCount(scope, -1);
+            if (index < array.$$digestWatchIndex) {
+              array.$$digestWatchIndex--;
+            }
+          }
+          lastDirtyWatch = null;
+        };
+      },
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
-   * @description
-   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
-   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   */
-  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
-    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
-      hashPrefix = prefix;
-      return this;
-    } else {
-      return hashPrefix;
-    }
-  };
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
+       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
+       *
+       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via the standard `$watch` operation. Their return
+       *   values are examined for changes on every call to `$digest`.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
+       *
+       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
+       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
+       *
+       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
+       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
+       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
+       */
+      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
+        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var deregisterFns = [];
+        var self = this;
+        var changeReactionScheduled = false;
+        var firstRun = true;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
-   * @description
-   * @param {(boolean|Object)=} mode If boolean, sets `html5Mode.enabled` to value.
-   *   If object, sets `enabled`, `requireBase` and `rewriteLinks` to respective values. Supported
-   *   properties:
-   *   - **enabled** – `{boolean}` – (default: false) If true, will rely on `history.pushState` to
-   *     change urls where supported. Will fall back to hash-prefixed paths in browsers that do not
-   *     support `pushState`.
-   *   - **requireBase** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled, specifies
-   *     whether or not a <base> tag is required to be present. If `enabled` and `requireBase` are
-   *     true, and a base tag is not present, an error will be thrown when `$location` is injected.
-   *     See the {@link guide/$location $location guide for more information}
-   *   - **rewriteLinks** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled,
-   *     enables/disables url rewriting for relative links.
-   *
-   * @returns {Object} html5Mode object if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   */
-  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
-    if (isBoolean(mode)) {
-      html5Mode.enabled = mode;
-      return this;
-    } else if (isObject(mode)) {
+        if (!watchExpressions.length) {
+          // No expressions means we call the listener ASAP
+          var shouldCall = true;
+          self.$evalAsync(function() {
+            if (shouldCall) listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+          });
+          return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+            shouldCall = false;
+          };
+        }
 
-      if (isBoolean(mode.enabled)) {
-        html5Mode.enabled = mode.enabled;
-      }
+        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
+          // Special case size of one
+          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
+            newValues[0] = value;
+            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
+            listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
+          });
+        }
 
-      if (isBoolean(mode.requireBase)) {
-        html5Mode.requireBase = mode.requireBase;
-      }
+        forEach(watchExpressions, function(expr, i) {
+          var unwatchFn = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value) {
+            newValues[i] = value;
+            if (!changeReactionScheduled) {
+              changeReactionScheduled = true;
+              self.$evalAsync(watchGroupAction);
+            }
+          });
+          deregisterFns.push(unwatchFn);
+        });
 
-      if (isBoolean(mode.rewriteLinks)) {
-        html5Mode.rewriteLinks = mode.rewriteLinks;
-      }
+        function watchGroupAction() {
+          changeReactionScheduled = false;
 
-      return this;
-    } else {
-      return html5Mode;
-    }
-  };
+          try {
+            if (firstRun) {
+              firstRun = false;
+              listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+            } else {
+              listener(newValues, oldValues, self);
+            }
+          } finally {
+            for (var i = 0; i < watchExpressions.length; i++) {
+              oldValues[i] = newValues[i];
+            }
+          }
+        }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc event
-   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
-   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
-   * @description
-   * Broadcasted before a URL will change.
-   *
-   * This change can be prevented by calling
-   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
-   * details about event object. Upon successful change
-   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
-   *
-   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
-   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
-   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
-   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
-   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
-   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
-   */
+        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+          while (deregisterFns.length) {
+            deregisterFns.shift()();
+          }
+        };
+      },
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc event
-   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
-   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
-   * @description
-   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
-   *
-   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
-   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
-   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
-   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
-   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
-   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
-   */
 
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$window',
-      function($rootScope, $browser, $sniffer, $rootElement, $window) {
-    var $location,
-        LocationMode,
-        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
-        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
-        appBase;
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
+       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
+       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
+       *
+       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
+       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
+       *
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
+          $scope.dataCount = 4;
 
-    if (html5Mode.enabled) {
-      if (!baseHref && html5Mode.requireBase) {
-        throw $locationMinErr('nobase',
-          "$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!");
-      }
-      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
-      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
-    } else {
-      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
-      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
-    }
-    var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
+            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
+          });
 
-    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, appBaseNoFile, '#' + hashPrefix);
-    $location.$$parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+          $scope.$digest();
 
-    $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+          //still at 4 ... no changes
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
 
-    var IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
+          $scope.names.pop();
+          $scope.$digest();
 
-    function setBrowserUrlWithFallback(url, replace, state) {
-      var oldUrl = $location.url();
-      var oldState = $location.$$state;
-      try {
-        $browser.url(url, replace, state);
+          //now there's been a change
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
+       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
+       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
+       *    when a change is detected.
+       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
+       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
+       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
+       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
+       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
+       *
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
+       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
+       */
+      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
+        // Mark the interceptor as
+        // ... $$pure when literal since the instance will change when any input changes
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$$pure = $parse(obj).literal;
+        // ... $stateful when non-literal since we must read the state of the collection
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$stateful = !$watchCollectionInterceptor.$$pure;
 
-        // Make sure $location.state() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
-        // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
-        // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
-        $location.$$state = $browser.state();
-      } catch (e) {
-        // Restore old values if pushState fails
-        $location.url(oldUrl);
-        $location.$$state = oldState;
+        var self = this;
+        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
+        var newValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
+        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
+        var oldValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
+        var veryOldValue;
+        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
+        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
+        var changeDetected = 0;
+        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
+        var internalArray = [];
+        var internalObject = {};
+        var initRun = true;
+        var oldLength = 0;
 
-        throw e;
-      }
-    }
+        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
+          newValue = _value;
+          var newLength, key, bothNaN, newItem, oldItem;
 
-    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
-      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
-      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
+          // If the new value is undefined, then return undefined as the watch may be a one-time watch
+          if (isUndefined(newValue)) return;
 
-      if (!html5Mode.rewriteLinks || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey || event.which == 2 || event.button == 2) return;
+          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
+            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
+              oldValue = newValue;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
+              oldValue = internalArray;
+              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
 
-      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
+            newLength = newValue.length;
 
-      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
-      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
-        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
-        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
-      }
+            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
+              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
+              changeDetected++;
+              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
+              oldItem = oldValue[i];
+              newItem = newValue[i];
 
-      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
-      // get the actual href attribute - see
-      // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
-      var relHref = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');
+              // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+              bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+              if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                changeDetected++;
+                oldValue[i] = newItem;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
+              oldValue = internalObject = {};
+              oldLength = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            newLength = 0;
+            for (key in newValue) {
+              if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                newLength++;
+                newItem = newValue[key];
+                oldItem = oldValue[key];
 
-      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
-        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
-        // an animation.
-        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
-      }
+                if (key in oldValue) {
+                  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
+                  bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+                  if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                    changeDetected++;
+                    oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  oldLength++;
+                  oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  changeDetected++;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            if (oldLength > newLength) {
+              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
+              changeDetected++;
+              for (key in oldValue) {
+                if (!hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  oldLength--;
+                  delete oldValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return changeDetected;
+        }
 
-      // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
-      if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
+        function $watchCollectionAction() {
+          if (initRun) {
+            initRun = false;
+            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
+          } else {
+            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
+          }
 
-      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
-        if ($location.$$parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
-          // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the angular application,
-          // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
-          // getting double entries in the location history.
-          event.preventDefault();
-          // update location manually
-          if ($location.absUrl() != $browser.url()) {
-            $rootScope.$apply();
-            // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
-            $window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
+          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
+          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
+            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
+              //primitive
+              veryOldValue = newValue;
+            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
+              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
+                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
+              }
+            } else { // if object
+              veryOldValue = {};
+              for (var key in newValue) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
           }
         }
-      }
-    });
 
+        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
+      },
 
-    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
-    if (trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl()) != trimEmptyHash(initialUrl)) {
-      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
-    }
-
-    var initializing = true;
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
+       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
+       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
+       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
+       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
+       * iterations exceeds 10.
+       *
+       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
+       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
+       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
+       *
+       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ...;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
 
-    // update $location when $browser url changes
-    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl, newState) {
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
 
-      if (isUndefined(stripBaseUrl(appBaseNoFile, newUrl))) {
-        // If we are navigating outside of the app then force a reload
-        $window.location.href = newUrl;
-        return;
-      }
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-      $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
-        var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
-        var oldState = $location.$$state;
-        var defaultPrevented;
-        newUrl = trimEmptyHash(newUrl);
-        $location.$$parse(newUrl);
-        $location.$$state = newState;
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
 
-        defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
-            newState, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+       * ```
+       *
+       */
+      $digest: function() {
+        var watch, value, last, fn, get,
+            watchers,
+            dirty, ttl = TTL,
+            next, current, target = asyncQueue.length ? $rootScope : this,
+            watchLog = [],
+            logIdx, asyncTask;
 
-        // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
-        // processing this location change
-        if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
+        beginPhase('$digest');
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened in sync before the call to $digest
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
 
-        if (defaultPrevented) {
-          $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
-          $location.$$state = oldState;
-          setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, false, oldState);
-        } else {
-          initializing = false;
-          afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+        if (this === $rootScope && applyAsyncId !== null) {
+          // If this is the root scope, and $applyAsync has scheduled a deferred $apply(), then
+          // cancel the scheduled $apply and flush the queue of expressions to be evaluated.
+          $browser.defer.cancel(applyAsyncId);
+          flushApplyAsync();
         }
-      });
-      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
-    });
 
-    // update browser
-    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
-      var oldUrl = trimEmptyHash($browser.url());
-      var newUrl = trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl());
-      var oldState = $browser.state();
-      var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
-      var urlOrStateChanged = oldUrl !== newUrl ||
-        ($location.$$html5 && $sniffer.history && oldState !== $location.$$state);
-
-      if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
-        initializing = false;
-
-        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
-          var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
-          var defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
-              $location.$$state, oldState).defaultPrevented;
-
-          // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
-          // processing this location change
-          if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
-
-          if (defaultPrevented) {
-            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
-            $location.$$state = oldState;
-          } else {
-            if (urlOrStateChanged) {
-              setBrowserUrlWithFallback(newUrl, currentReplace,
-                                        oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state);
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        do { // "while dirty" loop
+          dirty = false;
+          current = target;
+
+          // It's safe for asyncQueuePosition to be a local variable here because this loop can't
+          // be reentered recursively. Calling $digest from a function passed to $evalAsync would
+          // lead to a '$digest already in progress' error.
+          for (var asyncQueuePosition = 0; asyncQueuePosition < asyncQueue.length; asyncQueuePosition++) {
+            try {
+              asyncTask = asyncQueue[asyncQueuePosition];
+              fn = asyncTask.fn;
+              fn(asyncTask.scope, asyncTask.locals);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
             }
-            afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+            lastDirtyWatch = null;
           }
-        });
-      }
+          asyncQueue.length = 0;
 
-      $location.$$replace = false;
+          traverseScopesLoop:
+          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
+            if ((watchers = !current.$$suspended && current.$$watchers)) {
+              // process our watches
+              watchers.$$digestWatchIndex = watchers.length;
+              while (watchers.$$digestWatchIndex--) {
+                try {
+                  watch = watchers[watchers.$$digestWatchIndex];
+                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
+                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
+                  if (watch) {
+                    get = watch.get;
+                    if ((value = get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
+                        !(watch.eq
+                            ? equals(value, last)
+                            : (isNumberNaN(value) && isNumberNaN(last)))) {
+                      dirty = true;
+                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
+                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
+                      fn = watch.fn;
+                      fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
+                      if (ttl < 5) {
+                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
+                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
+                        watchLog[logIdx].push({
+                          msg: isFunction(watch.exp) ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()) : watch.exp,
+                          newVal: value,
+                          oldVal: last
+                        });
+                      }
+                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
+                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
+                      // have already been tested.
+                      dirty = false;
+                      break traverseScopesLoop;
+                    }
+                  }
+                } catch (e) {
+                  $exceptionHandler(e);
+                }
+              }
+            }
 
-      // we don't need to return anything because $evalAsync will make the digest loop dirty when
-      // there is a change
-    });
+            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
+            // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$suspended and does not
+            // check $$listenerCount)
+            if (!(next = ((!current.$$suspended && current.$$watchersCount && current.$$childHead) ||
+                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+              while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+                current = current.$parent;
+              }
+            }
+          } while ((current = next));
 
-    return $location;
+          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
 
-    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
-      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl,
-        $location.$$state, oldState);
-    }
-}];
-}
+          if ((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
+            clearPhase();
+            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
+                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
+                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
+                TTL, watchLog);
+          }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $log
- * @requires $window
- *
- * @description
- * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
- * into the browser's console (if present).
- *
- * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
- *
- * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
- * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="logExample">
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('logExample', [])
-         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
-           $scope.$log = $log;
-           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="LogController">
-         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
-         <label>Message:
-         <input type="text" ng-model="message" /></label>
-         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
-         <button ng-click="$log.debug(message)">debug</button>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $logProvider
- * @description
- * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
- */
-function $LogProvider() {
-  var debug = true,
-      self = this;
+        clearPhase();
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
-   * @description
-   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
-   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
-   */
-  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
-    if (isDefined(flag)) {
-      debug = flag;
-    return this;
-    } else {
-      return debug;
-    }
-  };
+        // postDigestQueuePosition isn't local here because this loop can be reentered recursively.
+        while (postDigestQueuePosition < postDigestQueue.length) {
+          try {
+            postDigestQueue[postDigestQueuePosition++]();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+        postDigestQueue.length = postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
+
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened during the $digest
+        // (for which no event is fired; e.g. via `history.pushState()`)
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
+      },
 
-  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
-    return {
       /**
        * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#log
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$suspend
+       * @kind function
        *
        * @description
-       * Write a log message
+       * Suspend watchers of this scope subtree so that they will not be invoked during digest.
+       *
+       * This can be used to optimize your application when you know that running those watchers
+       * is redundant.
+       *
+       * **Warning**
+       *
+       * Suspending scopes from the digest cycle can have unwanted and difficult to debug results.
+       * Only use this approach if you are confident that you know what you are doing and have
+       * ample tests to ensure that bindings get updated as you expect.
+       *
+       * Some of the things to consider are:
+       *
+       * * Any external event on a directive/component will not trigger a digest while the hosting
+       *   scope is suspended - even if the event handler calls `$apply()` or `$rootScope.$digest()`.
+       * * Transcluded content exists on a scope that inherits from outside a directive but exists
+       *   as a child of the directive's containing scope. If the containing scope is suspended the
+       *   transcluded scope will also be suspended, even if the scope from which the transcluded
+       *   scope inherits is not suspended.
+       * * Multiple directives trying to manage the suspended status of a scope can confuse each other:
+       *    * A call to `$suspend()` on an already suspended scope is a no-op.
+       *    * A call to `$resume()` on a non-suspended scope is a no-op.
+       *    * If two directives suspend a scope, then one of them resumes the scope, the scope will no
+       *      longer be suspended. This could result in the other directive believing a scope to be
+       *      suspended when it is not.
+       * * If a parent scope is suspended then all its descendants will be also excluded from future
+       *   digests whether or not they have been suspended themselves. Note that this also applies to
+       *   isolate child scopes.
+       * * Calling `$digest()` directly on a descendant of a suspended scope will still run the watchers
+       *   for that scope and its descendants. When digesting we only check whether the current scope is
+       *   locally suspended, rather than checking whether it has a suspended ancestor.
+       * * Calling `$resume()` on a scope that has a suspended ancestor will not cause the scope to be
+       *   included in future digests until all its ancestors have been resumed.
+       * * Resolved promises, e.g. from explicit `$q` deferreds and `$http` calls, trigger `$apply()`
+       *   against the `$rootScope` and so will still trigger a global digest even if the promise was
+       *   initiated by a component that lives on a suspended scope.
        */
-      log: consoleLog('log'),
+      $suspend: function() {
+        this.$$suspended = true;
+      },
 
       /**
        * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#info
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$isSuspended
+       * @kind function
        *
        * @description
-       * Write an information message
+       * Call this method to determine if this scope has been explicitly suspended. It will not
+       * tell you whether an ancestor has been suspended.
+       * To determine if this scope will be excluded from a digest triggered at the $rootScope,
+       * for example, you must check all its ancestors:
+       *
+       * ```
+       * function isExcludedFromDigest(scope) {
+       *   while(scope) {
+       *     if (scope.$isSuspended()) return true;
+       *     scope = scope.$parent;
+       *   }
+       *   return false;
+       * ```
+       *
+       * Be aware that a scope may not be included in digests if it has a suspended ancestor,
+       * even if `$isSuspended()` returns false.
+       *
+       * @returns true if the current scope has been suspended.
        */
-      info: consoleLog('info'),
+      $isSuspended: function() {
+        return this.$$suspended;
+      },
 
       /**
        * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#warn
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$resume
+       * @kind function
        *
        * @description
-       * Write a warning message
+       * Resume watchers of this scope subtree in case it was suspended.
+       *
+       * See {@link $rootScope.Scope#$suspend} for information about the dangers of using this approach.
        */
-      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
+      $resume: function() {
+        this.$$suspended = false;
+      },
 
       /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#error
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
        *
        * @description
-       * Write an error message
+       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
        */
-      error: consoleLog('error'),
 
       /**
        * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $log#debug
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @kind function
        *
        * @description
-       * Write a debug message
+       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
+       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
+       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
+       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
+       *
+       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
+       * unrolling of the loop.
+       *
+       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
+       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
+       * perform any necessary cleanup.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
        */
-      debug: (function() {
-        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
+      $destroy: function() {
+        // We can't destroy a scope that has been already destroyed.
+        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
+        var parent = this.$parent;
 
-        return function() {
-          if (debug) {
-            fn.apply(self, arguments);
-          }
-        };
-      }())
-    };
+        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
+        this.$$destroyed = true;
 
-    function formatError(arg) {
-      if (arg instanceof Error) {
-        if (arg.stack) {
-          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
-              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
-              : arg.stack;
-        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
-          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
+        if (this === $rootScope) {
+          //Remove handlers attached to window when $rootScope is removed
+          $browser.$$applicationDestroyed();
         }
-      }
-      return arg;
-    }
-
-    function consoleLog(type) {
-      var console = $window.console || {},
-          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop,
-          hasApply = false;
-
-      // Note: reading logFn.apply throws an error in IE11 in IE8 document mode.
-      // The reason behind this is that console.log has type "object" in IE8...
-      try {
-        hasApply = !!logFn.apply;
-      } catch (e) {}
-
-      if (hasApply) {
-        return function() {
-          var args = [];
-          forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
-            args.push(formatError(arg));
-          });
-          return logFn.apply(console, args);
-        };
-      }
-
-      // we are IE which either doesn't have window.console => this is noop and we do nothing,
-      // or we are IE where console.log doesn't have apply so we log at least first 2 args
-      return function(arg1, arg2) {
-        logFn(arg1, arg2 == null ? '' : arg2);
-      };
-    }
-  }];
-}
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
- *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
- *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
- *                         this file is required.                          *
- *                                                                         *
- *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
- *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
- *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
-
-// Sandboxing Angular Expressions
-// ------------------------------
-// Angular expressions are generally considered safe because these expressions only have direct
-// access to `$scope` and locals. However, one can obtain the ability to execute arbitrary JS code by
-// obtaining a reference to native JS functions such as the Function constructor.
-//
-// As an example, consider the following Angular expression:
-//
-//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
-//
-// This sandboxing technique is not perfect and doesn't aim to be. The goal is to prevent exploits
-// against the expression language, but not to prevent exploits that were enabled by exposing
-// sensitive JavaScript or browser APIs on Scope. Exposing such objects on a Scope is never a good
-// practice and therefore we are not even trying to protect against interaction with an object
-// explicitly exposed in this way.
-//
-// In general, it is not possible to access a Window object from an angular expression unless a
-// window or some DOM object that has a reference to window is published onto a Scope.
-// Similarly we prevent invocations of function known to be dangerous, as well as assignments to
-// native objects.
-//
-// See https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/security
-
 
-function ensureSafeMemberName(name, fullExpression) {
-  if (name === "__defineGetter__" || name === "__defineSetter__"
-      || name === "__lookupGetter__" || name === "__lookupSetter__"
-      || name === "__proto__") {
-    throw $parseMinErr('isecfld',
-        'Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! '
-        + 'Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
-  }
-  return name;
-}
-
-function getStringValue(name) {
-  // Property names must be strings. This means that non-string objects cannot be used
-  // as keys in an object. Any non-string object, including a number, is typecasted
-  // into a string via the toString method.
-  // -- MDN, https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_accessors#Property_names
-  //
-  // So, to ensure that we are checking the same `name` that JavaScript would use, we cast it
-  // to a string. It's not always possible. If `name` is an object and its `toString` method is
-  // 'broken' (doesn't return a string, isn't a function, etc.), an error will be thrown:
-  //
-  // TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value
-  //
-  // For performance reasons, we don't catch this error here and allow it to propagate up the call
-  // stack. Note that you'll get the same error in JavaScript if you try to access a property using
-  // such a 'broken' object as a key.
-  return name + '';
-}
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, -this.$$watchersCount);
+        for (var eventName in this.$$listenerCount) {
+          decrementListenerCount(this, this.$$listenerCount[eventName], eventName);
+        }
 
-function ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExpression) {
-  // nifty check if obj is Function that is fast and works across iframes and other contexts
-  if (obj) {
-    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
-          'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    } else if (// isWindow(obj)
-        obj.window === obj) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecwindow',
-          'Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    } else if (// isElement(obj)
-        obj.children && (obj.nodeName || (obj.prop && obj.attr && obj.find))) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecdom',
-          'Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    } else if (// block Object so that we can't get hold of dangerous Object.* methods
-        obj === Object) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecobj',
-          'Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-          fullExpression);
-    }
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
+        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
+        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
+        if (parent && parent.$$childHead === this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (parent && parent.$$childTail === this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
+        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
 
-var CALL = Function.prototype.call;
-var APPLY = Function.prototype.apply;
-var BIND = Function.prototype.bind;
+        // Disable listeners, watchers and apply/digest methods
+        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = this.$evalAsync = this.$applyAsync = noop;
+        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
+        this.$$listeners = {};
 
-function ensureSafeFunction(obj, fullExpression) {
-  if (obj) {
-    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
-        'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-        fullExpression);
-    } else if (obj === CALL || obj === APPLY || obj === BIND) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecff',
-        'Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
-        fullExpression);
-    }
-  }
-}
+        // Disconnect the next sibling to prevent `cleanUpScope` destroying those too
+        this.$$nextSibling = null;
+        cleanUpScope(this);
+      },
 
-function ensureSafeAssignContext(obj, fullExpression) {
-  if (obj) {
-    if (obj === (0).constructor || obj === (false).constructor || obj === ''.constructor ||
-        obj === {}.constructor || obj === [].constructor || obj === Function.constructor) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('isecaf',
-        'Assigning to a constructor is disallowed! Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
-    }
-  }
-}
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
+       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating AngularJS
+       * expressions.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
+           scope.a = 1;
+           scope.b = 2;
 
-var OPERATORS = createMap();
-forEach('+ - * / % === !== == != < > <= >= && || ! = |'.split(' '), function(operator) { OPERATORS[operator] = true; });
-var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};
+           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
+           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
+        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
+      },
 
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
+       *
+       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
+       * that:
+       *
+       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
+       *     rendering).
+       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
+       *     `expression` execution.
+       *
+       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
+       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
+       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       */
+      $evalAsync: function(expr, locals) {
+        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
+        // task also schedule async auto-flush
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !asyncQueue.length) {
+          $browser.defer(function() {
+            if (asyncQueue.length) {
+              $rootScope.$digest();
+            }
+          }, null, '$evalAsync');
+        }
 
-/////////////////////////////////////////
+        asyncQueue.push({scope: this, fn: $parse(expr), locals: locals});
+      },
 
+      $$postDigest: function(fn) {
+        postDigestQueue.push(fn);
+      },
 
-/**
- * @constructor
- */
-var Lexer = function(options) {
-  this.options = options;
-};
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in AngularJS from outside of the AngularJS
+       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
+       * Because we are calling into the AngularJS framework we need to perform proper scope life
+       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
+       *
+       * **Life cycle: Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`**
+       *
+       * ```js
+           function $apply(expr) {
+             try {
+               return $eval(expr);
+             } catch (e) {
+               $exceptionHandler(e);
+             } finally {
+               $root.$digest();
+             }
+           }
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
+       *
+       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
+       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
+       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $apply: function(expr) {
+        try {
+          beginPhase('$apply');
+          try {
+            return this.$eval(expr);
+          } finally {
+            clearPhase();
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          try {
+            $rootScope.$digest();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+            // eslint-disable-next-line no-unsafe-finally
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      },
 
-Lexer.prototype = {
-  constructor: Lexer,
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Schedule the invocation of $apply to occur at a later time. The actual time difference
+       * varies across browsers, but is typically around ~10 milliseconds.
+       *
+       * This can be used to queue up multiple expressions which need to be evaluated in the same
+       * digest.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An AngularJS expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       */
+      $applyAsync: function(expr) {
+        var scope = this;
+        if (expr) {
+          applyAsyncQueue.push($applyAsyncExpression);
+        }
+        expr = $parse(expr);
+        scheduleApplyAsync();
 
-  lex: function(text) {
-    this.text = text;
-    this.index = 0;
-    this.tokens = [];
+        function $applyAsyncExpression() {
+          scope.$eval(expr);
+        }
+      },
 
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
-      if (ch === '"' || ch === "'") {
-        this.readString(ch);
-      } else if (this.isNumber(ch) || ch === '.' && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
-        this.readNumber();
-      } else if (this.isIdentifierStart(this.peekMultichar())) {
-        this.readIdent();
-      } else if (this.is(ch, '(){}[].,;:?')) {
-        this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch});
-        this.index++;
-      } else if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
-        this.index++;
-      } else {
-        var ch2 = ch + this.peek();
-        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
-        var op1 = OPERATORS[ch];
-        var op2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
-        var op3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
-        if (op1 || op2 || op3) {
-          var token = op3 ? ch3 : (op2 ? ch2 : ch);
-          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: token, operator: true});
-          this.index += token.length;
-        } else {
-          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
+       * discussion of event life cycle.
+       *
+       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
+       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
+       *
+       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
+       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
+       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
+       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
+       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
+       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
+       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
+       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
+       *     to true.
+       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
+       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $on: function(name, listener) {
+        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
+        if (!namedListeners) {
+          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
         }
-      }
-    }
-    return this.tokens;
-  },
+        namedListeners.push(listener);
 
-  is: function(ch, chars) {
-    return chars.indexOf(ch) !== -1;
-  },
+        var current = this;
+        do {
+          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
+            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
+          }
+          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
+        } while ((current = current.$parent));
 
-  peek: function(i) {
-    var num = i || 1;
-    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
-  },
+        var self = this;
+        return function() {
+          var indexOfListener = namedListeners.indexOf(listener);
+          if (indexOfListener !== -1) {
+            // Use delete in the hope of the browser deallocating the memory for the array entry,
+            // while not shifting the array indexes of other listeners.
+            // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/16135
+            delete namedListeners[indexOfListener];
+            decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
+          }
+        };
+      },
 
-  isNumber: function(ch) {
-    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') && typeof ch === "string";
-  },
 
-  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
-    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
-    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
-            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
+       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
+       * cancels it.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
+       */
+      $emit: function(name, args) {
+        var empty = [],
+            namedListeners,
+            scope = this,
+            stopPropagation = false,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: scope,
+              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            },
+            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            i, length;
 
-  isIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
-    return this.options.isIdentifierStart ?
-        this.options.isIdentifierStart(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
-        this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch);
-  },
+        do {
+          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
+          event.currentScope = scope;
+          for (i = 0, length = namedListeners.length; i < length; i++) {
 
-  isValidIdentifierStart: function(ch) {
-    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
-            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
-            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
-  },
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
+              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+            try {
+              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
+              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
+          if (stopPropagation) {
+            break;
+          }
+          //traverse upwards
+          scope = scope.$parent;
+        } while (scope);
 
-  isIdentifierContinue: function(ch) {
-    return this.options.isIdentifierContinue ?
-        this.options.isIdentifierContinue(ch, this.codePointAt(ch)) :
-        this.isValidIdentifierContinue(ch);
-  },
+        event.currentScope = null;
 
-  isValidIdentifierContinue: function(ch, cp) {
-    return this.isValidIdentifierStart(ch, cp) || this.isNumber(ch);
-  },
+        return event;
+      },
 
-  codePointAt: function(ch) {
-    if (ch.length === 1) return ch.charCodeAt(0);
-    /*jshint bitwise: false*/
-    return (ch.charCodeAt(0) << 10) + ch.charCodeAt(1) - 0x35FDC00;
-    /*jshint bitwise: true*/
-  },
 
-  peekMultichar: function() {
-    var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
-    var peek = this.peek();
-    if (!peek) {
-      return ch;
-    }
-    var cp1 = ch.charCodeAt(0);
-    var cp2 = peek.charCodeAt(0);
-    if (cp1 >= 0xD800 && cp1 <= 0xDBFF && cp2 >= 0xDC00 && cp2 <= 0xDFFF) {
-      return ch + peek;
-    }
-    return ch;
-  },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
+       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
+       */
+      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
+        var target = this,
+            current = target,
+            next = target,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: target,
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            };
 
-  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
-    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
-  },
+        if (!target.$$listenerCount[name]) return event;
 
-  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
-    end = end || this.index;
-    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
-            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
-            : ' ' + end);
-    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
-        error, colStr, this.text);
-  },
+        var listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            listeners, i, length;
 
-  readNumber: function() {
-    var number = '';
-    var start = this.index;
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
-      if (ch == '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
-        number += ch;
-      } else {
-        var peekCh = this.peek();
-        if (ch == 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
-          number += ch;
-        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
-            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
-            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
-          number += ch;
-        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
-            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
-            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
-          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
-        } else {
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      this.index++;
-    }
-    this.tokens.push({
-      index: start,
-      text: number,
-      constant: true,
-      value: Number(number)
-    });
-  },
+        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
+        while ((current = next)) {
+          event.currentScope = current;
+          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
+          for (i = 0, length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!listeners[i]) {
+              listeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
 
-  readIdent: function() {
-    var start = this.index;
-    this.index += this.peekMultichar().length;
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = this.peekMultichar();
-      if (!this.isIdentifierContinue(ch)) {
-        break;
-      }
-      this.index += ch.length;
-    }
-    this.tokens.push({
-      index: start,
-      text: this.text.slice(start, this.index),
-      identifier: true
-    });
-  },
+            try {
+              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
 
-  readString: function(quote) {
-    var start = this.index;
-    this.index++;
-    var string = '';
-    var rawString = quote;
-    var escape = false;
-    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
-      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
-      rawString += ch;
-      if (escape) {
-        if (ch === 'u') {
-          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
-          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i)) {
-            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
+          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
+          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount and
+          // does not check $$suspended)
+          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
+              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+            while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+              current = current.$parent;
+            }
           }
-          this.index += 4;
-          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
-        } else {
-          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
-          string = string + (rep || ch);
         }
-        escape = false;
-      } else if (ch === '\\') {
-        escape = true;
-      } else if (ch === quote) {
-        this.index++;
-        this.tokens.push({
-          index: start,
-          text: rawString,
-          constant: true,
-          value: string
-        });
-        return;
-      } else {
-        string += ch;
+
+        event.currentScope = null;
+        return event;
       }
-      this.index++;
-    }
-    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
-  }
-};
+    };
 
-var AST = function(lexer, options) {
-  this.lexer = lexer;
-  this.options = options;
-};
+    var $rootScope = new Scope();
 
-AST.Program = 'Program';
-AST.ExpressionStatement = 'ExpressionStatement';
-AST.AssignmentExpression = 'AssignmentExpression';
-AST.ConditionalExpression = 'ConditionalExpression';
-AST.LogicalExpression = 'LogicalExpression';
-AST.BinaryExpression = 'BinaryExpression';
-AST.UnaryExpression = 'UnaryExpression';
-AST.CallExpression = 'CallExpression';
-AST.MemberExpression = 'MemberExpression';
-AST.Identifier = 'Identifier';
-AST.Literal = 'Literal';
-AST.ArrayExpression = 'ArrayExpression';
-AST.Property = 'Property';
-AST.ObjectExpression = 'ObjectExpression';
-AST.ThisExpression = 'ThisExpression';
-AST.LocalsExpression = 'LocalsExpression';
+    //The internal queues. Expose them on the $rootScope for debugging/testing purposes.
+    var asyncQueue = $rootScope.$$asyncQueue = [];
+    var postDigestQueue = $rootScope.$$postDigestQueue = [];
+    var applyAsyncQueue = $rootScope.$$applyAsyncQueue = [];
 
-// Internal use only
-AST.NGValueParameter = 'NGValueParameter';
+    var postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
 
-AST.prototype = {
-  ast: function(text) {
-    this.text = text;
-    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
+    return $rootScope;
 
-    var value = this.program();
 
-    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
-      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
+    function beginPhase(phase) {
+      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
+      }
+
+      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
     }
 
-    return value;
-  },
+    function clearPhase() {
+      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
+    }
 
-  program: function() {
-    var body = [];
-    while (true) {
-      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
-        body.push(this.expressionStatement());
-      if (!this.expect(';')) {
-        return { type: AST.Program, body: body};
-      }
+    function incrementWatchersCount(current, count) {
+      do {
+        current.$$watchersCount += count;
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
     }
-  },
 
-  expressionStatement: function() {
-    return { type: AST.ExpressionStatement, expression: this.filterChain() };
-  },
+    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
+      do {
+        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;
 
-  filterChain: function() {
-    var left = this.expression();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('|'))) {
-      left = this.filter(left);
+        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
+          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
+        }
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
     }
-    return left;
-  },
 
-  expression: function() {
-    return this.assignment();
-  },
+    /**
+     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
+     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
+     */
+    function initWatchVal() {}
 
-  assignment: function() {
-    var result = this.ternary();
-    if (this.expect('=')) {
-      result = { type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: result, right: this.assignment(), operator: '='};
+    function flushApplyAsync() {
+      while (applyAsyncQueue.length) {
+        try {
+          applyAsyncQueue.shift()();
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+      }
+      applyAsyncId = null;
     }
-    return result;
-  },
 
-  ternary: function() {
-    var test = this.logicalOR();
-    var alternate;
-    var consequent;
-    if (this.expect('?')) {
-      alternate = this.expression();
-      if (this.consume(':')) {
-        consequent = this.expression();
-        return { type: AST.ConditionalExpression, test: test, alternate: alternate, consequent: consequent};
+    function scheduleApplyAsync() {
+      if (applyAsyncId === null) {
+        applyAsyncId = $browser.defer(function() {
+          $rootScope.$apply(flushApplyAsync);
+        }, null, '$applyAsync');
       }
     }
-    return test;
-  },
+  }];
+}
 
-  logicalOR: function() {
-    var left = this.logicalAND();
-    while (this.expect('||')) {
-      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '||', left: left, right: this.logicalAND() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The root element of AngularJS application. This is either the element where {@link
+ * ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} was declared or the element passed into
+ * {@link angular.bootstrap}. The element represents the root element of application. It is also the
+ * location where the application's {@link auto.$injector $injector} service gets
+ * published, and can be retrieved using `$rootElement.injector()`.
+ */
 
-  logicalAND: function() {
-    var left = this.equality();
-    while (this.expect('&&')) {
-      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '&&', left: left, right: this.equality()};
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
 
-  equality: function() {
-    var left = this.relational();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.relational() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+// the implementation is in angular.bootstrap
 
-  relational: function() {
-    var left = this.additive();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.additive() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+/**
+ * @this
+ * @description
+ * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
+ */
+function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
 
-  additive: function() {
-    var left = this.multiplicative();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.multiplicative() };
-    }
-    return left;
-  },
+  var aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = /^\s*(https?|s?ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
+    imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = /^\s*((https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\/)/;
 
-  multiplicative: function() {
-    var left = this.unary();
-    var token;
-    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
-      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.unary() };
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via HTML anchor links.
+   *
+   * Any url due to be assigned to an `a[href]` attribute via interpolation is marked as requiring
+   * the $sce.URL security context. When interpolation occurs a call is made to `$sce.trustAsUrl(url)`
+   * which in turn may call `$$sanitizeUri(url, isMedia)` to sanitize the potentially malicious URL.
+   *
+   * If the URL matches the `aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList` regular expression, it is returned unchanged.
+   *
+   * If there is no match the URL is returned prefixed with `'unsafe:'` to ensure that when it is written
+   * to the DOM it is inactive and potentially malicious code will not be executed.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList = regexp;
+      return this;
     }
-    return left;
-  },
+    return aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+  };
 
-  unary: function() {
-    var token;
-    if ((token = this.expect('+', '-', '!'))) {
-      return { type: AST.UnaryExpression, operator: token.text, prefix: true, argument: this.unary() };
-    } else {
-      return this.primary();
-    }
-  },
 
-  primary: function() {
-    var primary;
-    if (this.expect('(')) {
-      primary = this.filterChain();
-      this.consume(')');
-    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
-      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
-    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
-      primary = this.object();
-    } else if (this.selfReferential.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
-      primary = copy(this.selfReferential[this.consume().text]);
-    } else if (this.options.literals.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
-      primary = { type: AST.Literal, value: this.options.literals[this.consume().text]};
-    } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
-      primary = this.identifier();
-    } else if (this.peek().constant) {
-      primary = this.constant();
-    } else {
-      this.throwError('not a primary expression', this.peek());
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for determining trusted safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via HTML image src links.
+   *
+   * Any URL due to be assigned to an `img[src]` attribute via interpolation is marked as requiring
+   * the $sce.MEDIA_URL security context. When interpolation occurs a call is made to
+   * `$sce.trustAsMediaUrl(url)` which in turn may call `$$sanitizeUri(url, isMedia)` to sanitize
+   * the potentially malicious URL.
+   *
+   * If the URL matches the `imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList` regular expression, it is returned
+   * unchanged.
+   *
+   * If there is no match the URL is returned prefixed with `'unsafe:'` to ensure that when it is written
+   * to the DOM it is inactive and potentially malicious code will not be executed.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to trust urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList = regexp;
+      return this;
     }
+    return imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+  };
 
-    var next;
-    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
-      if (next.text === '(') {
-        primary = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: primary, arguments: this.parseArguments() };
-        this.consume(')');
-      } else if (next.text === '[') {
-        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.expression(), computed: true };
-        this.consume(']');
-      } else if (next.text === '.') {
-        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.identifier(), computed: false };
-      } else {
-        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isMediaUrl) {
+      // if (!uri) return uri;
+      var regex = isMediaUrl ? imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList : aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+      var normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri && uri.trim()).href;
+      if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
+        return 'unsafe:' + normalizedVal;
       }
-    }
-    return primary;
-  },
+      return uri;
+    };
+  };
+}
 
-  filter: function(baseExpression) {
-    var args = [baseExpression];
-    var result = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: this.identifier(), arguments: args, filter: true};
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
 
-    while (this.expect(':')) {
-      args.push(this.expression());
-    }
+/* exported $SceProvider, $SceDelegateProvider */
 
-    return result;
-  },
+var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
 
-  parseArguments: function() {
-    var args = [];
-    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
-      do {
-        args.push(this.filterChain());
-      } while (this.expect(','));
-    }
-    return args;
-  },
+var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
+  // HTML is used when there's HTML rendered (e.g. ng-bind-html, iframe srcdoc binding).
+  HTML: 'html',
 
-  identifier: function() {
-    var token = this.consume();
-    if (!token.identifier) {
-      this.throwError('is not a valid identifier', token);
-    }
-    return { type: AST.Identifier, name: token.text };
-  },
+  // Style statements or stylesheets. Currently unused in AngularJS.
+  CSS: 'css',
 
-  constant: function() {
-    // TODO check that it is a constant
-    return { type: AST.Literal, value: this.consume().value };
-  },
+  // An URL used in a context where it refers to the source of media, which are not expected to be run
+  // as scripts, such as an image, audio, video, etc.
+  MEDIA_URL: 'mediaUrl',
 
-  arrayDeclaration: function() {
-    var elements = [];
-    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
-      do {
-        if (this.peek(']')) {
-          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
-          break;
-        }
-        elements.push(this.expression());
-      } while (this.expect(','));
-    }
-    this.consume(']');
+  // An URL used in a context where it does not refer to a resource that loads code.
+  // A value that can be trusted as a URL can also trusted as a MEDIA_URL.
+  URL: 'url',
 
-    return { type: AST.ArrayExpression, elements: elements };
-  },
+  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used where the referred-to resource could be interpreted as
+  // code. (e.g. ng-include, script src binding, templateUrl)
+  // A value that can be trusted as a RESOURCE_URL, can also trusted as a URL and a MEDIA_URL.
+  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
 
-  object: function() {
-    var properties = [], property;
-    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
-      do {
-        if (this.peek('}')) {
-          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
-          break;
-        }
-        property = {type: AST.Property, kind: 'init'};
-        if (this.peek().constant) {
-          property.key = this.constant();
-          property.computed = false;
-          this.consume(':');
-          property.value = this.expression();
-        } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
-          property.key = this.identifier();
-          property.computed = false;
-          if (this.peek(':')) {
-            this.consume(':');
-            property.value = this.expression();
-          } else {
-            property.value = property.key;
-          }
-        } else if (this.peek('[')) {
-          this.consume('[');
-          property.key = this.expression();
-          this.consume(']');
-          property.computed = true;
-          this.consume(':');
-          property.value = this.expression();
-        } else {
-          this.throwError("invalid key", this.peek());
-        }
-        properties.push(property);
-      } while (this.expect(','));
-    }
-    this.consume('}');
+  // Script. Currently unused in AngularJS.
+  JS: 'js'
+};
 
-    return {type: AST.ObjectExpression, properties: properties };
-  },
+// Helper functions follow.
 
-  throwError: function(msg, token) {
-    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
-        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
-          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
-  },
+var UNDERSCORE_LOWERCASE_REGEXP = /_([a-z])/g;
 
-  consume: function(e1) {
-    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
-    }
+function snakeToCamel(name) {
+  return name
+    .replace(UNDERSCORE_LOWERCASE_REGEXP, fnCamelCaseReplace);
+}
 
-    var token = this.expect(e1);
-    if (!token) {
-      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
+function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
+  if (matcher === 'self') {
+    return matcher;
+  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
+    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
+    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
+    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
+    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
+    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
+          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
     }
-    return token;
-  },
+    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
+                  replace(/\\\*\\\*/g, '.*').
+                  replace(/\\\*/g, '[^:/.?&;]*');
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
+  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
+    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
+    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
+    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
+  } else {
+    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
+        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
+  }
+}
 
-  peekToken: function() {
-    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
-      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
-    }
-    return this.tokens[0];
-  },
 
-  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
-    return this.peekAhead(0, e1, e2, e3, e4);
-  },
+function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
+  var adjustedMatchers = [];
+  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
+    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
+      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
+    });
+  }
+  return adjustedMatchers;
+}
 
-  peekAhead: function(i, e1, e2, e3, e4) {
-    if (this.tokens.length > i) {
-      var token = this.tokens[i];
-      var t = token.text;
-      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
-          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
-        return token;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  },
 
-  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
-    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
-    if (token) {
-      this.tokens.shift();
-      return token;
-    }
-    return false;
-  },
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sceDelegate
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
+ * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * For an overview of this service and the functionnality it provides in AngularJS, see the main
+ * page for {@link ng.$sce SCE}. The current page is targeted for developers who need to alter how
+ * SCE works in their application, which shouldn't be needed in most cases.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * AngularJS strongly relies on contextual escaping for the security of bindings: disabling or
+ * modifying this might cause cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. For libraries owners,
+ * changes to this service will also influence users, so be extra careful and document your changes.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
+ * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
+ * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
+ * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
+ * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
+ *
+ * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
+ * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
+ * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
+ * your own trusted and banned resource lists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources
+ * such as templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList}
+ */
 
-  selfReferential: {
-    'this': {type: AST.ThisExpression },
-    '$locals': {type: AST.LocalsExpression }
-  }
-};
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceDelegateProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
+ * $sceDelegate service}, used as a delegate for {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` allows one to get/set the `trustedResourceUrlList` and
+ * `bannedResourceUrlList` used to ensure that the URLs used for sourcing AngularJS templates and
+ * other script-running URLs are safe (all places that use the `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context). See
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList},
+ *
+ * For the general details about this service in AngularJS, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
+ *
+ * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
+ * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
+ *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`, `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
+ * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
+ *
+ * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList([
+ *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
+ *      'self',
+ *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
+ *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
+ *    ]);
+ *
+ *    // The banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list so the open redirect
+ *    // here is blocked.
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList([
+ *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
+ *    ]);
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ * Note that an empty trusted resource URL list will block every resource URL from being loaded, and will require
+ * you to manually mark each one as trusted with `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl`. However, templates
+ * requested by {@link ng.$templateRequest $templateRequest} that are present in
+ * {@link ng.$templateCache $templateCache} will not go through this check. If you have a mechanism
+ * to populate your templates in that cache at config time, then it is a good idea to remove 'self'
+ * from the trusted resource URL lsit. This helps to mitigate the security impact of certain types
+ * of issues, like for instance attacker-controlled `ng-includes`.
+ */
 
-function ifDefined(v, d) {
-  return typeof v !== 'undefined' ? v : d;
-}
+function $SceDelegateProvider() {
+  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
 
-function plusFn(l, r) {
-  if (typeof l === 'undefined') return r;
-  if (typeof r === 'undefined') return l;
-  return l + r;
-}
+  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
+  var trustedResourceUrlList = ['self'],
+      bannedResourceUrlList = [];
 
-function isStateless($filter, filterName) {
-  var fn = $filter(filterName);
-  return !fn.$stateful;
-}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} trustedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with
+   *     the value provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so
+   *     further changes to the array are ignored.
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} The currently set trusted resource URL array.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the list trusted of resource URLs.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no `trustedResourceUrlList` has been explicitly set is `['self']`
+   * allowing only same origin resource requests.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** the default `trustedResourceUrlList` of 'self' is not recommended if your app shares
+   * its origin with other apps! It is a good idea to limit it to only your application's directory.
+   * </div>
+   */
+  this.trustedResourceUrlList = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      trustedResourceUrlList = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return trustedResourceUrlList;
+  };
 
-function findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, $filter) {
-  var allConstants;
-  var argsToWatch;
-  switch (ast.type) {
-  case AST.Program:
-    allConstants = true;
-    forEach(ast.body, function(expr) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr.expression, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && expr.expression.constant;
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    break;
-  case AST.Literal:
-    ast.constant = true;
-    ast.toWatch = [];
-    break;
-  case AST.UnaryExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.argument, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.argument.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.argument.toWatch;
-    break;
-  case AST.BinaryExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.left.toWatch.concat(ast.right.toWatch);
-    break;
-  case AST.LogicalExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.ConditionalExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.test, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.alternate, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.consequent, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.test.constant && ast.alternate.constant && ast.consequent.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.Identifier:
-    ast.constant = false;
-    ast.toWatch = [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.MemberExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.object, $filter);
-    if (ast.computed) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.property, $filter);
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+   * trustedResourceUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'resourceUrlWhitelist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.trustedResourceUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.trustedResourceUrlList = value;
     }
-    ast.constant = ast.object.constant && (!ast.computed || ast.property.constant);
-    ast.toWatch = [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.CallExpression:
-    allConstants = ast.filter ? isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) : false;
-    argsToWatch = [];
-    forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
-      if (!expr.constant) {
-        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
-      }
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    ast.toWatch = ast.filter && isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) ? argsToWatch : [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.AssignmentExpression:
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
-    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
-    ast.toWatch = [ast];
-    break;
-  case AST.ArrayExpression:
-    allConstants = true;
-    argsToWatch = [];
-    forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
-      if (!expr.constant) {
-        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
-      }
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
-    break;
-  case AST.ObjectExpression:
-    allConstants = true;
-    argsToWatch = [];
-    forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.value, $filter);
-      allConstants = allConstants && property.value.constant && !property.computed;
-      if (!property.value.constant) {
-        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.value.toWatch);
-      }
-    });
-    ast.constant = allConstants;
-    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
-    break;
-  case AST.ThisExpression:
-    ast.constant = false;
-    ast.toWatch = [];
-    break;
-  case AST.LocalsExpression:
-    ast.constant = false;
-    ast.toWatch = [];
-    break;
-  }
-}
+  });
 
-function getInputs(body) {
-  if (body.length != 1) return;
-  var lastExpression = body[0].expression;
-  var candidate = lastExpression.toWatch;
-  if (candidate.length !== 1) return candidate;
-  return candidate[0] !== lastExpression ? candidate : undefined;
-}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} bannedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the `bannedResourceUrlList` with
+   *     the value provided. This must be an array or null. A snapshot of this array is used so
+   *     further changes to the array are ignored.</p><p>
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.</p><p>
+   *     The typical usage for the `bannedResourceUrlList` is to **block
+   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
+   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
+   *     </p><p>
+   *     Finally, **the banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list** and has
+   *     the final say.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} The currently set `bannedResourceUrlList` array.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the `bannedResourceUrlList` of trusted resource URLs.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no trusted resource URL list has been explicitly set is the empty
+   * array (i.e. there is no `bannedResourceUrlList`.)
+   */
+  this.bannedResourceUrlList = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      bannedResourceUrlList = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return bannedResourceUrlList;
+  };
 
-function isAssignable(ast) {
-  return ast.type === AST.Identifier || ast.type === AST.MemberExpression;
-}
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * sinceVersion="1.8.1"
+   *
+   * This method is deprecated. Use {@link $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+   * bannedResourceUrlList} instead.
+   */
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'resourceUrlBlacklist', {
+    get: function() {
+      return this.bannedResourceUrlList;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      this.bannedResourceUrlList = value;
+    }
+  });
 
-function assignableAST(ast) {
-  if (ast.body.length === 1 && isAssignable(ast.body[0].expression)) {
-    return {type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: ast.body[0].expression, right: {type: AST.NGValueParameter}, operator: '='};
-  }
-}
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$$sanitizeUri', function($injector, $$sanitizeUri) {
 
-function isLiteral(ast) {
-  return ast.body.length === 0 ||
-      ast.body.length === 1 && (
-      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.Literal ||
-      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ArrayExpression ||
-      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ObjectExpression);
-}
+    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    };
 
-function isConstant(ast) {
-  return ast.constant;
-}
+    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
+      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
+    }
 
-function ASTCompiler(astBuilder, $filter) {
-  this.astBuilder = astBuilder;
-  this.$filter = $filter;
-}
 
-ASTCompiler.prototype = {
-  compile: function(expression, expensiveChecks) {
-    var self = this;
-    var ast = this.astBuilder.ast(expression);
-    this.state = {
-      nextId: 0,
-      filters: {},
-      expensiveChecks: expensiveChecks,
-      fn: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
-      assign: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
-      inputs: []
-    };
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
-    var extra = '';
-    var assignable;
-    this.stage = 'assign';
-    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
-      this.state.computing = 'assign';
-      var result = this.nextId();
-      this.recurse(assignable, result);
-      this.return_(result);
-      extra = 'fn.assign=' + this.generateFunction('assign', 's,v,l');
+    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
+      if (matcher === 'self') {
+        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl) || urlIsSameOriginAsBaseUrl(parsedUrl);
+      } else {
+        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
+        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
+      }
     }
-    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
-    self.stage = 'inputs';
-    forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
-      var fnKey = 'fn' + key;
-      self.state[fnKey] = {vars: [], body: [], own: {}};
-      self.state.computing = fnKey;
-      var intoId = self.nextId();
-      self.recurse(watch, intoId);
-      self.return_(intoId);
-      self.state.inputs.push(fnKey);
-      watch.watchId = key;
-    });
-    this.state.computing = 'fn';
-    this.stage = 'main';
-    this.recurse(ast);
-    var fnString =
-      // The build and minification steps remove the string "use strict" from the code, but this is done using a regex.
-      // This is a workaround for this until we do a better job at only removing the prefix only when we should.
-      '"' + this.USE + ' ' + this.STRICT + '";\n' +
-      this.filterPrefix() +
-      'var fn=' + this.generateFunction('fn', 's,l,a,i') +
-      extra +
-      this.watchFns() +
-      'return fn;';
 
-    /* jshint -W054 */
-    var fn = (new Function('$filter',
-        'ensureSafeMemberName',
-        'ensureSafeObject',
-        'ensureSafeFunction',
-        'getStringValue',
-        'ensureSafeAssignContext',
-        'ifDefined',
-        'plus',
-        'text',
-        fnString))(
-          this.$filter,
-          ensureSafeMemberName,
-          ensureSafeObject,
-          ensureSafeFunction,
-          getStringValue,
-          ensureSafeAssignContext,
-          ifDefined,
-          plusFn,
-          expression);
-    /* jshint +W054 */
-    this.state = this.stage = undefined;
-    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast);
-    fn.constant = isConstant(ast);
-    return fn;
-  },
+    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
+      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
+      var i, n, allowed = false;
+      // Ensure that at least one item from the trusted resource URL list allows this url.
+      for (i = 0, n = trustedResourceUrlList.length; i < n; i++) {
+        if (matchUrl(trustedResourceUrlList[i], parsedUrl)) {
+          allowed = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (allowed) {
+        // Ensure that no item from the banned resource URL list has blocked this url.
+        for (i = 0, n = bannedResourceUrlList.length; i < n; i++) {
+          if (matchUrl(bannedResourceUrlList[i], parsedUrl)) {
+            allowed = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return allowed;
+    }
 
-  USE: 'use',
+    function generateHolderType(Base) {
+      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
+        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
+          return trustedValue;
+        };
+      };
+      if (Base) {
+        holderType.prototype = new Base();
+      }
+      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      };
+      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
+      };
+      return holderType;
+    }
 
-  STRICT: 'strict',
+    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
+        byType = {};
 
-  watchFns: function() {
-    var result = [];
-    var fns = this.state.inputs;
-    var self = this;
-    forEach(fns, function(name) {
-      result.push('var ' + name + '=' + self.generateFunction(name, 's'));
-    });
-    if (fns.length) {
-      result.push('fn.inputs=[' + fns.join(',') + '];');
-    }
-    return result.join('');
-  },
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL]);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
 
-  generateFunction: function(name, params) {
-    return 'function(' + params + '){' +
-        this.varsPrefix(name) +
-        this.body(name) +
-        '};';
-  },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a trusted representation of the parameter for the specified context. This trusted
+     * object will later on be used as-is, without any security check, by bindings or directives
+     * that require this security context.
+     * For instance, marking a string as trusted for the `$sce.HTML` context will entirely bypass
+     * the potential `$sanitize` call in corresponding `$sce.HTML` bindings or directives, such as
+     * `ng-bind-html`. Note that in most cases you won't need to call this function: if you have the
+     * sanitizer loaded, passing the value itself will render all the HTML that does not pose a
+     * security risk.
+     *
+     * See {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted getTrusted} for the function that will consume those
+     * trusted values, and {@link ng.$sce $sce} for general documentation about strict contextual
+     * escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is safe for use, e.g. `$sce.URL`,
+     *     `$sce.RESOURCE_URL`, `$sce.HTML`, `$sce.JS` or `$sce.CSS`.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value that should be considered trusted.
+     * @return {*} A trusted representation of value, that can be used in the given context.
+     */
+    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
+      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (!Constructor) {
+        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
+            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
+            type, trustedValue);
+      }
+      if (trustedValue === null || isUndefined(trustedValue) || trustedValue === '') {
+        return trustedValue;
+      }
+      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
+      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
+      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
+        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
+            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
+            type);
+      }
+      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
+    }
 
-  filterPrefix: function() {
-    var parts = [];
-    var self = this;
-    forEach(this.state.filters, function(id, filter) {
-      parts.push(id + '=$filter(' + self.escape(filter) + ')');
-    });
-    if (parts.length) return 'var ' + parts.join(',') + ';';
-    return '';
-  },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
+     *
+     * @description
+     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
+     *
+     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, it must be returned as-is.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
+     *     call or anything else.
+     * @return {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
+     *     `value` unchanged.
+     */
+    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      } else {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+    }
 
-  varsPrefix: function(section) {
-    return this.state[section].vars.length ? 'var ' + this.state[section].vars.join(',') + ';' : '';
-  },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Given an object and a security context in which to assign it, returns a value that's safe to
+     * use in this context, which was represented by the parameter. To do so, this function either
+     * unwraps the safe type it has been given (for instance, a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} result), or it might try to sanitize the value given, depending on
+     * the context and sanitizer availablility.
+     *
+     * The contexts that can be sanitized are $sce.MEDIA_URL, $sce.URL and $sce.HTML. The first two are available
+     * by default, and the third one relies on the `$sanitize` service (which may be loaded through
+     * the `ngSanitize` module). Furthermore, for $sce.RESOURCE_URL context, a plain string may be
+     * accepted if the resource url policy defined by {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+     * `$sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList`} and {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList
+     * `$sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList`} accepts that resource.
+     *
+     * This function will throw if the safe type isn't appropriate for this context, or if the
+     * value given cannot be accepted in the context (which might be caused by sanitization not
+     * being available, or the value not being recognized as safe).
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+     * Disabling auto-escaping is extremely dangerous, it usually creates a Cross Site Scripting
+     * (XSS) vulnerability in your application.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is to be used (such as `$sce.HTML`).
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call, or anything else (which will not be considered trusted.)
+     * @return {*} A version of the value that's safe to use in the given context, or throws an
+     *     exception if this is impossible.
+     */
+    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted === null || isUndefined(maybeTrusted) || maybeTrusted === '') {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      // If maybeTrusted is a trusted class instance or subclass instance, then unwrap and return
+      // as-is.
+      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
 
-  body: function(section) {
-    return this.state[section].body.join('');
-  },
+      // If maybeTrusted is a trusted class instance but not of the correct trusted type
+      // then unwrap it and allow it to pass through to the rest of the checks
+      if (isFunction(maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue)) {
+        maybeTrusted = maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
 
-  recurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
-    var left, right, self = this, args, expression, computed;
-    recursionFn = recursionFn || noop;
-    if (!skipWatchIdCheck && isDefined(ast.watchId)) {
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      this.if_('i',
-        this.lazyAssign(intoId, this.computedMember('i', ast.watchId)),
-        this.lazyRecurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, true)
-      );
-      return;
-    }
-    switch (ast.type) {
-    case AST.Program:
-      forEach(ast.body, function(expression, pos) {
-        self.recurse(expression.expression, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
-        if (pos !== ast.body.length - 1) {
-          self.current().body.push(right, ';');
+      // If we get here, then we will either sanitize the value or throw an exception.
+      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL || type === SCE_CONTEXTS.URL) {
+        // we attempt to sanitize non-resource URLs
+        return $$sanitizeUri(maybeTrusted.toString(), type === SCE_CONTEXTS.MEDIA_URL);
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
+        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
+          return maybeTrusted;
         } else {
-          self.return_(right);
+          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
+              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
+              maybeTrusted.toString());
         }
-      });
-      break;
-    case AST.Literal:
-      expression = this.escape(ast.value);
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.UnaryExpression:
-      this.recurse(ast.argument, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
-      expression = ast.operator + '(' + this.ifDefined(right, 0) + ')';
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.BinaryExpression:
-      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { left = expr; });
-      this.recurse(ast.right, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
-      if (ast.operator === '+') {
-        expression = this.plus(left, right);
-      } else if (ast.operator === '-') {
-        expression = this.ifDefined(left, 0) + ast.operator + this.ifDefined(right, 0);
-      } else {
-        expression = '(' + left + ')' + ast.operator + '(' + right + ')';
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
+        // htmlSanitizer throws its own error when no sanitizer is available.
+        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
       }
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.LogicalExpression:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      self.recurse(ast.left, intoId);
-      self.if_(ast.operator === '&&' ? intoId : self.not(intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.right, intoId));
-      recursionFn(intoId);
-      break;
-    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      self.recurse(ast.test, intoId);
-      self.if_(intoId, self.lazyRecurse(ast.alternate, intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.consequent, intoId));
-      recursionFn(intoId);
-      break;
-    case AST.Identifier:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      if (nameId) {
-        nameId.context = self.stage === 'inputs' ? 's' : this.assign(this.nextId(), this.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name) + '?l:s');
-        nameId.computed = false;
-        nameId.name = ast.name;
-      }
-      ensureSafeMemberName(ast.name);
-      self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || self.not(self.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name)),
-        function() {
-          self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || 's', function() {
-            if (create && create !== 1) {
-              self.if_(
-                self.not(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name)),
-                self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name), '{}'));
-            }
-            self.assign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name));
-          });
-        }, intoId && self.lazyAssign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('l', ast.name))
-        );
-      if (self.state.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.name)) {
-        self.addEnsureSafeObject(intoId);
-      }
-      recursionFn(intoId);
-      break;
-    case AST.MemberExpression:
-      left = nameId && (nameId.context = this.nextId()) || this.nextId();
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      self.recurse(ast.object, left, undefined, function() {
-        self.if_(self.notNull(left), function() {
-          if (create && create !== 1) {
-            self.addEnsureSafeAssignContext(left);
-          }
-          if (ast.computed) {
-            right = self.nextId();
-            self.recurse(ast.property, right);
-            self.getStringValue(right);
-            self.addEnsureSafeMemberName(right);
-            if (create && create !== 1) {
-              self.if_(self.not(self.computedMember(left, right)), self.lazyAssign(self.computedMember(left, right), '{}'));
-            }
-            expression = self.ensureSafeObject(self.computedMember(left, right));
-            self.assign(intoId, expression);
-            if (nameId) {
-              nameId.computed = true;
-              nameId.name = right;
-            }
-          } else {
-            ensureSafeMemberName(ast.property.name);
-            if (create && create !== 1) {
-              self.if_(self.not(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name)), self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name), '{}'));
-            }
-            expression = self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name);
-            if (self.state.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.property.name)) {
-              expression = self.ensureSafeObject(expression);
-            }
-            self.assign(intoId, expression);
-            if (nameId) {
-              nameId.computed = false;
-              nameId.name = ast.property.name;
-            }
-          }
-        }, function() {
-          self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
-        });
-        recursionFn(intoId);
-      }, !!create);
-      break;
-    case AST.CallExpression:
-      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-      if (ast.filter) {
-        right = self.filter(ast.callee.name);
-        args = [];
-        forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-          var argument = self.nextId();
-          self.recurse(expr, argument);
-          args.push(argument);
-        });
-        expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
-        self.assign(intoId, expression);
-        recursionFn(intoId);
-      } else {
-        right = self.nextId();
-        left = {};
-        args = [];
-        self.recurse(ast.callee, right, left, function() {
-          self.if_(self.notNull(right), function() {
-            self.addEnsureSafeFunction(right);
-            forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-              self.recurse(expr, self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
-                args.push(self.ensureSafeObject(argument));
-              });
-            });
-            if (left.name) {
-              if (!self.state.expensiveChecks) {
-                self.addEnsureSafeObject(left.context);
-              }
-              expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
-            } else {
-              expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
-            }
-            expression = self.ensureSafeObject(expression);
-            self.assign(intoId, expression);
-          }, function() {
-            self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
-          });
-          recursionFn(intoId);
-        });
-      }
-      break;
-    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
-      right = this.nextId();
-      left = {};
-      if (!isAssignable(ast.left)) {
-        throw $parseMinErr('lval', 'Trying to assign a value to a non l-value');
-      }
-      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, left, function() {
-        self.if_(self.notNull(left.context), function() {
-          self.recurse(ast.right, right);
-          self.addEnsureSafeObject(self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed));
-          self.addEnsureSafeAssignContext(left.context);
-          expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + ast.operator + right;
-          self.assign(intoId, expression);
-          recursionFn(intoId || expression);
-        });
-      }, 1);
-      break;
-    case AST.ArrayExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
-        self.recurse(expr, self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
-          args.push(argument);
-        });
-      });
-      expression = '[' + args.join(',') + ']';
-      this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      recursionFn(expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.ObjectExpression:
-      args = [];
-      computed = false;
-      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-        if (property.computed) {
-          computed = true;
-        }
-      });
-      if (computed) {
-        intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
-        this.assign(intoId, '{}');
-        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-          if (property.computed) {
-            left = self.nextId();
-            self.recurse(property.key, left);
-          } else {
-            left = property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
-                       property.key.name :
-                       ('' + property.key.value);
-          }
-          right = self.nextId();
-          self.recurse(property.value, right);
-          self.assign(self.member(intoId, left, property.computed), right);
-        });
-      } else {
-        forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-          self.recurse(property.value, ast.constant ? undefined : self.nextId(), undefined, function(expr) {
-            args.push(self.escape(
-                property.key.type === AST.Identifier ? property.key.name :
-                  ('' + property.key.value)) +
-                ':' + expr);
-          });
-        });
-        expression = '{' + args.join(',') + '}';
-        this.assign(intoId, expression);
-      }
-      recursionFn(intoId || expression);
-      break;
-    case AST.ThisExpression:
-      this.assign(intoId, 's');
-      recursionFn('s');
-      break;
-    case AST.LocalsExpression:
-      this.assign(intoId, 'l');
-      recursionFn('l');
-      break;
-    case AST.NGValueParameter:
-      this.assign(intoId, 'v');
-      recursionFn('v');
-      break;
-    }
-  },
-
-  getHasOwnProperty: function(element, property) {
-    var key = element + '.' + property;
-    var own = this.current().own;
-    if (!own.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-      own[key] = this.nextId(false, element + '&&(' + this.escape(property) + ' in ' + element + ')');
-    }
-    return own[key];
-  },
-
-  assign: function(id, value) {
-    if (!id) return;
-    this.current().body.push(id, '=', value, ';');
-    return id;
-  },
-
-  filter: function(filterName) {
-    if (!this.state.filters.hasOwnProperty(filterName)) {
-      this.state.filters[filterName] = this.nextId(true);
-    }
-    return this.state.filters[filterName];
-  },
-
-  ifDefined: function(id, defaultValue) {
-    return 'ifDefined(' + id + ',' + this.escape(defaultValue) + ')';
-  },
-
-  plus: function(left, right) {
-    return 'plus(' + left + ',' + right + ')';
-  },
-
-  return_: function(id) {
-    this.current().body.push('return ', id, ';');
-  },
-
-  if_: function(test, alternate, consequent) {
-    if (test === true) {
-      alternate();
-    } else {
-      var body = this.current().body;
-      body.push('if(', test, '){');
-      alternate();
-      body.push('}');
-      if (consequent) {
-        body.push('else{');
-        consequent();
-        body.push('}');
-      }
-    }
-  },
-
-  not: function(expression) {
-    return '!(' + expression + ')';
-  },
-
-  notNull: function(expression) {
-    return expression + '!=null';
-  },
-
-  nonComputedMember: function(left, right) {
-    var SAFE_IDENTIFIER = /[$_a-zA-Z][$_a-zA-Z0-9]*/;
-    var UNSAFE_CHARACTERS = /[^$_a-zA-Z0-9]/g;
-    if (SAFE_IDENTIFIER.test(right)) {
-      return left + '.' + right;
-    } else {
-      return left  + '["' + right.replace(UNSAFE_CHARACTERS, this.stringEscapeFn) + '"]';
+      // Default error when the $sce service has no way to make the input safe.
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
     }
-  },
-
-  computedMember: function(left, right) {
-    return left + '[' + right + ']';
-  },
 
-  member: function(left, right, computed) {
-    if (computed) return this.computedMember(left, right);
-    return this.nonComputedMember(left, right);
-  },
+    return { trustAs: trustAs,
+             getTrusted: getTrusted,
+             valueOf: valueOf };
+  }];
+}
 
-  addEnsureSafeObject: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeObject(item), ';');
-  },
-
-  addEnsureSafeMemberName: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeMemberName(item), ';');
-  },
-
-  addEnsureSafeFunction: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeFunction(item), ';');
-  },
-
-  addEnsureSafeAssignContext: function(item) {
-    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeAssignContext(item), ';');
-  },
-
-  ensureSafeObject: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeObject(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
-
-  ensureSafeMemberName: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeMemberName(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
-
-  ensureSafeFunction: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeFunction(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
-
-  getStringValue: function(item) {
-    this.assign(item, 'getStringValue(' + item + ')');
-  },
-
-  ensureSafeAssignContext: function(item) {
-    return 'ensureSafeAssignContext(' + item + ',text)';
-  },
-
-  lazyRecurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
-    var self = this;
-    return function() {
-      self.recurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck);
-    };
-  },
-
-  lazyAssign: function(id, value) {
-    var self = this;
-    return function() {
-      self.assign(id, value);
-    };
-  },
-
-  stringEscapeRegex: /[^ a-zA-Z0-9]/g,
-
-  stringEscapeFn: function(c) {
-    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
-  },
-
-  escape: function(value) {
-    if (isString(value)) return "'" + value.replace(this.stringEscapeRegex, this.stringEscapeFn) + "'";
-    if (isNumber(value)) return value.toString();
-    if (value === true) return 'true';
-    if (value === false) return 'false';
-    if (value === null) return 'null';
-    if (typeof value === 'undefined') return 'undefined';
-
-    throw $parseMinErr('esc', 'IMPOSSIBLE');
-  },
-
-  nextId: function(skip, init) {
-    var id = 'v' + (this.state.nextId++);
-    if (!skip) {
-      this.current().vars.push(id + (init ? '=' + init : ''));
-    }
-    return id;
-  },
-
-  current: function() {
-    return this.state[this.state.computing];
-  }
-};
-
-
-function ASTInterpreter(astBuilder, $filter) {
-  this.astBuilder = astBuilder;
-  this.$filter = $filter;
-}
-
-ASTInterpreter.prototype = {
-  compile: function(expression, expensiveChecks) {
-    var self = this;
-    var ast = this.astBuilder.ast(expression);
-    this.expression = expression;
-    this.expensiveChecks = expensiveChecks;
-    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
-    var assignable;
-    var assign;
-    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
-      assign = this.recurse(assignable);
-    }
-    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
-    var inputs;
-    if (toWatch) {
-      inputs = [];
-      forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
-        var input = self.recurse(watch);
-        watch.input = input;
-        inputs.push(input);
-        watch.watchId = key;
-      });
-    }
-    var expressions = [];
-    forEach(ast.body, function(expression) {
-      expressions.push(self.recurse(expression.expression));
-    });
-    var fn = ast.body.length === 0 ? noop :
-             ast.body.length === 1 ? expressions[0] :
-             function(scope, locals) {
-               var lastValue;
-               forEach(expressions, function(exp) {
-                 lastValue = exp(scope, locals);
-               });
-               return lastValue;
-             };
-    if (assign) {
-      fn.assign = function(scope, value, locals) {
-        return assign(scope, locals, value);
-      };
-    }
-    if (inputs) {
-      fn.inputs = inputs;
-    }
-    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast);
-    fn.constant = isConstant(ast);
-    return fn;
-  },
-
-  recurse: function(ast, context, create) {
-    var left, right, self = this, args, expression;
-    if (ast.input) {
-      return this.inputs(ast.input, ast.watchId);
-    }
-    switch (ast.type) {
-    case AST.Literal:
-      return this.value(ast.value, context);
-    case AST.UnaryExpression:
-      right = this.recurse(ast.argument);
-      return this['unary' + ast.operator](right, context);
-    case AST.BinaryExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
-      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
-      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
-    case AST.LogicalExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
-      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
-      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
-    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
-      return this['ternary?:'](
-        this.recurse(ast.test),
-        this.recurse(ast.alternate),
-        this.recurse(ast.consequent),
-        context
-      );
-    case AST.Identifier:
-      ensureSafeMemberName(ast.name, self.expression);
-      return self.identifier(ast.name,
-                             self.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.name),
-                             context, create, self.expression);
-    case AST.MemberExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.object, false, !!create);
-      if (!ast.computed) {
-        ensureSafeMemberName(ast.property.name, self.expression);
-        right = ast.property.name;
-      }
-      if (ast.computed) right = this.recurse(ast.property);
-      return ast.computed ?
-        this.computedMember(left, right, context, create, self.expression) :
-        this.nonComputedMember(left, right, self.expensiveChecks, context, create, self.expression);
-    case AST.CallExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
-        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
-      });
-      if (ast.filter) right = this.$filter(ast.callee.name);
-      if (!ast.filter) right = this.recurse(ast.callee, true);
-      return ast.filter ?
-        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-          var values = [];
-          for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-            values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
-          }
-          var value = right.apply(undefined, values, inputs);
-          return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value;
-        } :
-        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-          var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-          var value;
-          if (rhs.value != null) {
-            ensureSafeObject(rhs.context, self.expression);
-            ensureSafeFunction(rhs.value, self.expression);
-            var values = [];
-            for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-              values.push(ensureSafeObject(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs), self.expression));
-            }
-            value = ensureSafeObject(rhs.value.apply(rhs.context, values), self.expression);
-          }
-          return context ? {value: value} : value;
-        };
-    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
-      left = this.recurse(ast.left, true, 1);
-      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
-      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        ensureSafeObject(lhs.value, self.expression);
-        ensureSafeAssignContext(lhs.context);
-        lhs.context[lhs.name] = rhs;
-        return context ? {value: rhs} : rhs;
-      };
-    case AST.ArrayExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
-        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
-      });
-      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = [];
-        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-          value.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
-        }
-        return context ? {value: value} : value;
-      };
-    case AST.ObjectExpression:
-      args = [];
-      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
-        if (property.computed) {
-          args.push({key: self.recurse(property.key),
-                     computed: true,
-                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
-          });
-        } else {
-          args.push({key: property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
-                          property.key.name :
-                          ('' + property.key.value),
-                     computed: false,
-                     value: self.recurse(property.value)
-          });
-        }
-      });
-      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = {};
-        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
-          if (args[i].computed) {
-            value[args[i].key(scope, locals, assign, inputs)] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-          } else {
-            value[args[i].key] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-          }
-        }
-        return context ? {value: value} : value;
-      };
-    case AST.ThisExpression:
-      return function(scope) {
-        return context ? {value: scope} : scope;
-      };
-    case AST.LocalsExpression:
-      return function(scope, locals) {
-        return context ? {value: locals} : locals;
-      };
-    case AST.NGValueParameter:
-      return function(scope, locals, assign) {
-        return context ? {value: assign} : assign;
-      };
-    }
-  },
-
-  'unary+': function(argument, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      if (isDefined(arg)) {
-        arg = +arg;
-      } else {
-        arg = 0;
-      }
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'unary-': function(argument, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      if (isDefined(arg)) {
-        arg = -arg;
-      } else {
-        arg = 0;
-      }
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'unary!': function(argument, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = !argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary+': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var arg = plusFn(lhs, rhs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary-': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var arg = (isDefined(lhs) ? lhs : 0) - (isDefined(rhs) ? rhs : 0);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary*': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) * right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary/': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) / right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary%': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) % right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary===': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) === right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary!==': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) !== right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary==': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) == right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary!=': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) != right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary<': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) < right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary>': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) > right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary<=': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) <= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary>=': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) >= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary&&': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) && right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'binary||': function(left, right, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) || right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  'ternary?:': function(test, alternate, consequent, context) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var arg = test(scope, locals, assign, inputs) ? alternate(scope, locals, assign, inputs) : consequent(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
-    };
-  },
-  value: function(value, context) {
-    return function() { return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value; };
-  },
-  identifier: function(name, expensiveChecks, context, create, expression) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var base = locals && (name in locals) ? locals : scope;
-      if (create && create !== 1 && base && !(base[name])) {
-        base[name] = {};
-      }
-      var value = base ? base[name] : undefined;
-      if (expensiveChecks) {
-        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
-      }
-      if (context) {
-        return {context: base, name: name, value: value};
-      } else {
-        return value;
-      }
-    };
-  },
-  computedMember: function(left, right, context, create, expression) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      var rhs;
-      var value;
-      if (lhs != null) {
-        rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        rhs = getStringValue(rhs);
-        ensureSafeMemberName(rhs, expression);
-        if (create && create !== 1) {
-          ensureSafeAssignContext(lhs);
-          if (lhs && !(lhs[rhs])) {
-            lhs[rhs] = {};
-          }
-        }
-        value = lhs[rhs];
-        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
-      }
-      if (context) {
-        return {context: lhs, name: rhs, value: value};
-      } else {
-        return value;
-      }
-    };
-  },
-  nonComputedMember: function(left, right, expensiveChecks, context, create, expression) {
-    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-      if (create && create !== 1) {
-        ensureSafeAssignContext(lhs);
-        if (lhs && !(lhs[right])) {
-          lhs[right] = {};
-        }
-      }
-      var value = lhs != null ? lhs[right] : undefined;
-      if (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(right)) {
-        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
-      }
-      if (context) {
-        return {context: lhs, name: right, value: value};
-      } else {
-        return value;
-      }
-    };
-  },
-  inputs: function(input, watchId) {
-    return function(scope, value, locals, inputs) {
-      if (inputs) return inputs[watchId];
-      return input(scope, value, locals);
-    };
-  }
-};
-
-/**
- * @constructor
- */
-var Parser = function(lexer, $filter, options) {
-  this.lexer = lexer;
-  this.$filter = $filter;
-  this.options = options;
-  this.ast = new AST(lexer, options);
-  this.astCompiler = options.csp ? new ASTInterpreter(this.ast, $filter) :
-                                   new ASTCompiler(this.ast, $filter);
-};
-
-Parser.prototype = {
-  constructor: Parser,
-
-  parse: function(text) {
-    return this.astCompiler.compile(text, this.options.expensiveChecks);
-  }
-};
-
-function isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(name) {
-  return name == 'constructor';
-}
-
-var objectValueOf = Object.prototype.valueOf;
-
-function getValueOf(value) {
-  return isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : objectValueOf.call(value);
-}
-
-///////////////////////////////////
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $parse
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *
- * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
- *
- * ```js
- *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
- *   var setter = getter.assign;
- *   var context = {user:{name:'angular'}};
- *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
- *
- *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('angular');
- *   setter(context, 'newValue');
- *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
- *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
- * ```
- *
- *
- * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
- * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
- *
- *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
- *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
- *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
- *      `context`.
- *
- *    The returned function also has the following properties:
- *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
- *        literal.
- *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
- *        constant literals.
- *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
- *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
- *
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $parseProvider
- *
- * @description
- * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
- *  service.
- */
-function $ParseProvider() {
-  var cacheDefault = createMap();
-  var cacheExpensive = createMap();
-  var literals = {
-    'true': true,
-    'false': false,
-    'null': null,
-    'undefined': undefined
-  };
-  var identStart, identContinue;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $parseProvider#addLiteral
-   * @description
-   *
-   * Configure $parse service to add literal values that will be present as literal at expressions.
-   *
-   * @param {string} literalName Token for the literal value. The literal name value must be a valid literal name.
-   * @param {*} literalValue Value for this literal. All literal values must be primitives or `undefined`.
-   *
-   **/
-  this.addLiteral = function(literalName, literalValue) {
-    literals[literalName] = literalValue;
-  };
-
- /**
-  * @ngdoc method
-  * @name $parseProvider#setIdentifierFns
-  * @description
-  *
-  * Allows defining the set of characters that are allowed in Angular expressions. The function
-  * `identifierStart` will get called to know if a given character is a valid character to be the
-  * first character for an identifier. The function `identifierContinue` will get called to know if
-  * a given character is a valid character to be a follow-up identifier character. The functions
-  * `identifierStart` and `identifierContinue` will receive as arguments the single character to be
-  * identifier and the character code point. These arguments will be `string` and `numeric`. Keep in
-  * mind that the `string` parameter can be two characters long depending on the character
-  * representation. It is expected for the function to return `true` or `false`, whether that
-  * character is allowed or not.
-  *
-  * Since this function will be called extensivelly, keep the implementation of these functions fast,
-  * as the performance of these functions have a direct impact on the expressions parsing speed.
-  *
-  * @param {function=} identifierStart The function that will decide whether the given character is
-  *   a valid identifier start character.
-  * @param {function=} identifierContinue The function that will decide whether the given character is
-  *   a valid identifier continue character.
-  */
-  this.setIdentifierFns = function(identifierStart, identifierContinue) {
-    identStart = identifierStart;
-    identContinue = identifierContinue;
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  this.$get = ['$filter', function($filter) {
-    var noUnsafeEval = csp().noUnsafeEval;
-    var $parseOptions = {
-          csp: noUnsafeEval,
-          expensiveChecks: false,
-          literals: copy(literals),
-          isIdentifierStart: isFunction(identStart) && identStart,
-          isIdentifierContinue: isFunction(identContinue) && identContinue
-        },
-        $parseOptionsExpensive = {
-          csp: noUnsafeEval,
-          expensiveChecks: true,
-          literals: copy(literals),
-          isIdentifierStart: isFunction(identStart) && identStart,
-          isIdentifierContinue: isFunction(identContinue) && identContinue
-        };
-    var runningChecksEnabled = false;
-
-    $parse.$$runningExpensiveChecks = function() {
-      return runningChecksEnabled;
-    };
-
-    return $parse;
-
-    function $parse(exp, interceptorFn, expensiveChecks) {
-      var parsedExpression, oneTime, cacheKey;
-
-      expensiveChecks = expensiveChecks || runningChecksEnabled;
-
-      switch (typeof exp) {
-        case 'string':
-          exp = exp.trim();
-          cacheKey = exp;
-
-          var cache = (expensiveChecks ? cacheExpensive : cacheDefault);
-          parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
-
-          if (!parsedExpression) {
-            if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
-              oneTime = true;
-              exp = exp.substring(2);
-            }
-            var parseOptions = expensiveChecks ? $parseOptionsExpensive : $parseOptions;
-            var lexer = new Lexer(parseOptions);
-            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, parseOptions);
-            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);
-            if (parsedExpression.constant) {
-              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
-            } else if (oneTime) {
-              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.literal ?
-                  oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate : oneTimeWatchDelegate;
-            } else if (parsedExpression.inputs) {
-              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
-            }
-            if (expensiveChecks) {
-              parsedExpression = expensiveChecksInterceptor(parsedExpression);
-            }
-            cache[cacheKey] = parsedExpression;
-          }
-          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);
-
-        case 'function':
-          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);
-
-        default:
-          return addInterceptor(noop, interceptorFn);
-      }
-    }
-
-    function expensiveChecksInterceptor(fn) {
-      if (!fn) return fn;
-      expensiveCheckFn.$$watchDelegate = fn.$$watchDelegate;
-      expensiveCheckFn.assign = expensiveChecksInterceptor(fn.assign);
-      expensiveCheckFn.constant = fn.constant;
-      expensiveCheckFn.literal = fn.literal;
-      for (var i = 0; fn.inputs && i < fn.inputs.length; ++i) {
-        fn.inputs[i] = expensiveChecksInterceptor(fn.inputs[i]);
-      }
-      expensiveCheckFn.inputs = fn.inputs;
-
-      return expensiveCheckFn;
-
-      function expensiveCheckFn(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var expensiveCheckOldValue = runningChecksEnabled;
-        runningChecksEnabled = true;
-        try {
-          return fn(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        } finally {
-          runningChecksEnabled = expensiveCheckOldValue;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    function expressionInputDirtyCheck(newValue, oldValueOfValue) {
-
-      if (newValue == null || oldValueOfValue == null) { // null/undefined
-        return newValue === oldValueOfValue;
-      }
-
-      if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
-
-        // attempt to convert the value to a primitive type
-        // TODO(docs): add a note to docs that by implementing valueOf even objects and arrays can
-        //             be cheaply dirty-checked
-        newValue = getValueOf(newValue);
-
-        if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
-          // objects/arrays are not supported - deep-watching them would be too expensive
-          return false;
-        }
-
-        // fall-through to the primitive equality check
-      }
-
-      //Primitive or NaN
-      return newValue === oldValueOfValue || (newValue !== newValue && oldValueOfValue !== oldValueOfValue);
-    }
-
-    function inputsWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
-      var inputExpressions = parsedExpression.inputs;
-      var lastResult;
-
-      if (inputExpressions.length === 1) {
-        var oldInputValueOf = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
-        inputExpressions = inputExpressions[0];
-        return scope.$watch(function expressionInputWatch(scope) {
-          var newInputValue = inputExpressions(scope);
-          if (!expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOf)) {
-            lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, [newInputValue]);
-            oldInputValueOf = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
-          }
-          return lastResult;
-        }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
-      }
-
-      var oldInputValueOfValues = [];
-      var oldInputValues = [];
-      for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        oldInputValueOfValues[i] = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
-        oldInputValues[i] = null;
-      }
-
-      return scope.$watch(function expressionInputsWatch(scope) {
-        var changed = false;
-
-        for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
-          var newInputValue = inputExpressions[i](scope);
-          if (changed || (changed = !expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOfValues[i]))) {
-            oldInputValues[i] = newInputValue;
-            oldInputValueOfValues[i] = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (changed) {
-          lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, oldInputValues);
-        }
-
-        return lastResult;
-      }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
-    }
-
-    function oneTimeWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
-      var unwatch, lastValue;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
-        return parsedExpression(scope);
-      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
-        lastValue = value;
-        if (isFunction(listener)) {
-          listener.apply(this, arguments);
-        }
-        if (isDefined(value)) {
-          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
-            if (isDefined(lastValue)) {
-              unwatch();
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      }, objectEquality);
-    }
-
-    function oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
-      var unwatch, lastValue;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
-        return parsedExpression(scope);
-      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
-        lastValue = value;
-        if (isFunction(listener)) {
-          listener.call(this, value, old, scope);
-        }
-        if (isAllDefined(value)) {
-          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
-            if (isAllDefined(lastValue)) unwatch();
-          });
-        }
-      }, objectEquality);
-
-      function isAllDefined(value) {
-        var allDefined = true;
-        forEach(value, function(val) {
-          if (!isDefined(val)) allDefined = false;
-        });
-        return allDefined;
-      }
-    }
-
-    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
-      var unwatch;
-      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
-        unwatch();
-        return parsedExpression(scope);
-      }, listener, objectEquality);
-    }
-
-    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
-      if (!interceptorFn) return parsedExpression;
-      var watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
-      var useInputs = false;
-
-      var regularWatch =
-          watchDelegate !== oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate &&
-          watchDelegate !== oneTimeWatchDelegate;
-
-      var fn = regularWatch ? function regularInterceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = useInputs && inputs ? inputs[0] : parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        return interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
-      } : function oneTimeInterceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
-        var value = parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
-        var result = interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
-        // we only return the interceptor's result if the
-        // initial value is defined (for bind-once)
-        return isDefined(value) ? result : value;
-      };
-
-      // Propagate $$watchDelegates other then inputsWatchDelegate
-      if (parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate &&
-          parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate !== inputsWatchDelegate) {
-        fn.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
-      } else if (!interceptorFn.$stateful) {
-        // If there is an interceptor, but no watchDelegate then treat the interceptor like
-        // we treat filters - it is assumed to be a pure function unless flagged with $stateful
-        fn.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
-        useInputs = !parsedExpression.inputs;
-        fn.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs ? parsedExpression.inputs : [parsedExpression];
-      }
-
-      return fn;
-    }
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $q
- * @requires $rootScope
- *
- * @description
- * A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions)
- * when they are done processing.
- *
- * This is an implementation of promises/deferred objects inspired by
- * [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
- *
- * $q can be used in two fashions --- one which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
- * implementations, and the other which resembles ES6 (ES2015) promises to some degree.
- *
- * # $q constructor
- *
- * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
- * function as the first argument. This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6,
- * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
- *
- * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from ES6 promises are
- * available yet.
- *
- * It can be used like so:
- *
- * ```js
- *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
- *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
- *
- *   function asyncGreet(name) {
- *     // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
- *     return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
- *       setTimeout(function() {
- *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
- *           resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
- *         } else {
- *           reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
- *         }
- *       }, 1000);
- *     });
- *   }
- *
- *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
- *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
- *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
- *   }, function(reason) {
- *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * Note: progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
- *
- * Note: unlike ES6 behavior, an exception thrown in the constructor function will NOT implicitly reject the promise.
- *
- * However, the more traditional CommonJS-style usage is still available, and documented below.
- *
- * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
- * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
- * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
- *
- * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
- * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
- *
- * ```js
- *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
- *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
- *
- *   function asyncGreet(name) {
- *     var deferred = $q.defer();
- *
- *     setTimeout(function() {
- *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
- *
- *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
- *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
- *       } else {
- *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
- *       }
- *     }, 1000);
- *
- *     return deferred.promise;
- *   }
- *
- *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
- *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
- *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
- *   }, function(reason) {
- *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
- *   }, function(update) {
- *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
- *   });
- * ```
- *
- * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
- * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
- * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
- *
- * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
- * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
- * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
- * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
- *
- * # The Deferred API
- *
- * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
- *
- * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
- * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
- * of the task.
- *
- * **Methods**
- *
- * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
- *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
- * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
- *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
- * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
- *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
- *
- * **Properties**
- *
- * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
- *
- *
- * # The Promise API
- *
- * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
- * calling `deferred.promise`.
- *
- * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
- * of the deferred task when it completes.
- *
- * **Methods**
- *
- * - `then(successCallback, [errorCallback], [notifyCallback])` – regardless of when the promise was or
- *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
- *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
- *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
- *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
- *
- *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
- *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback` (unless that value is a promise, in which case it is resolved
- *   with the value which is resolved in that promise using
- *   [promise chaining](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/es6/promises/#toc-promises-queues)).
- *   It also notifies via the return value of the `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be
- *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method. The errorCallback and notifyCallback
- *   arguments are optional.
- *
- * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
- *
- * - `finally(callback, notifyCallback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
- *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
- *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
- *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
- *   more information.
- *
- * # Chaining promises
- *
- * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
- * possible to create a chain of promises:
- *
- * ```js
- *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
- *     return result + 1;
- *   });
- *
- *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
- *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
- * ```
- *
- * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
- * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
- * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
- * $http's response interceptors.
- *
- *
- * # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
- *
- *  There are two main differences:
- *
- * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
- *   mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
- *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
- * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
- *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
- *
- * # Testing
- *
- *  ```js
- *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
- *      var deferred = $q.defer();
- *      var promise = deferred.promise;
- *      var resolvedValue;
- *
- *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
- *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
- *
- *      // Simulate resolving of promise
- *      deferred.resolve(123);
- *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
- *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
- *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
- *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
- *
- *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
- *      $rootScope.$apply();
- *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
- *    }));
- *  ```
- *
- * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
- *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameter is a function which resolves the
- *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
- *
- * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
- */
-function $QProvider() {
-
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
-    return qFactory(function(callback) {
-      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
-    }, $exceptionHandler);
-  }];
-}
-
-function $$QProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
-    return qFactory(function(callback) {
-      $browser.defer(callback);
-    }, $exceptionHandler);
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * Constructs a promise manager.
- *
- * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
- * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
- *     debugging purposes.
- * @returns {object} Promise manager.
- */
-function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
-  var $qMinErr = minErr('$q', TypeError);
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ng.$q#defer
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
-   *
-   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
-   */
-  var defer = function() {
-    var d = new Deferred();
-    //Necessary to support unbound execution :/
-    d.resolve = simpleBind(d, d.resolve);
-    d.reject = simpleBind(d, d.reject);
-    d.notify = simpleBind(d, d.notify);
-    return d;
-  };
-
-  function Promise() {
-    this.$$state = { status: 0 };
-  }
-
-  extend(Promise.prototype, {
-    then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack) {
-      if (isUndefined(onFulfilled) && isUndefined(onRejected) && isUndefined(progressBack)) {
-        return this;
-      }
-      var result = new Deferred();
-
-      this.$$state.pending = this.$$state.pending || [];
-      this.$$state.pending.push([result, onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack]);
-      if (this.$$state.status > 0) scheduleProcessQueue(this.$$state);
-
-      return result.promise;
-    },
-
-    "catch": function(callback) {
-      return this.then(null, callback);
-    },
-
-    "finally": function(callback, progressBack) {
-      return this.then(function(value) {
-        return handleCallback(value, true, callback);
-      }, function(error) {
-        return handleCallback(error, false, callback);
-      }, progressBack);
-    }
-  });
-
-  //Faster, more basic than angular.bind http://jsperf.com/angular-bind-vs-custom-vs-native
-  function simpleBind(context, fn) {
-    return function(value) {
-      fn.call(context, value);
-    };
-  }
-
-  function processQueue(state) {
-    var fn, deferred, pending;
-
-    pending = state.pending;
-    state.processScheduled = false;
-    state.pending = undefined;
-    for (var i = 0, ii = pending.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-      deferred = pending[i][0];
-      fn = pending[i][state.status];
-      try {
-        if (isFunction(fn)) {
-          deferred.resolve(fn(state.value));
-        } else if (state.status === 1) {
-          deferred.resolve(state.value);
-        } else {
-          deferred.reject(state.value);
-        }
-      } catch (e) {
-        deferred.reject(e);
-        exceptionHandler(e);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  function scheduleProcessQueue(state) {
-    if (state.processScheduled || !state.pending) return;
-    state.processScheduled = true;
-    nextTick(function() { processQueue(state); });
-  }
-
-  function Deferred() {
-    this.promise = new Promise();
-  }
-
-  extend(Deferred.prototype, {
-    resolve: function(val) {
-      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
-      if (val === this.promise) {
-        this.$$reject($qMinErr(
-          'qcycle',
-          "Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself '{0}'",
-          val));
-      } else {
-        this.$$resolve(val);
-      }
-
-    },
-
-    $$resolve: function(val) {
-      var then;
-      var that = this;
-      var done = false;
-      try {
-        if ((isObject(val) || isFunction(val))) then = val && val.then;
-        if (isFunction(then)) {
-          this.promise.$$state.status = -1;
-          then.call(val, resolvePromise, rejectPromise, simpleBind(this, this.notify));
-        } else {
-          this.promise.$$state.value = val;
-          this.promise.$$state.status = 1;
-          scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
-        }
-      } catch (e) {
-        rejectPromise(e);
-        exceptionHandler(e);
-      }
-
-      function resolvePromise(val) {
-        if (done) return;
-        done = true;
-        that.$$resolve(val);
-      }
-      function rejectPromise(val) {
-        if (done) return;
-        done = true;
-        that.$$reject(val);
-      }
-    },
-
-    reject: function(reason) {
-      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
-      this.$$reject(reason);
-    },
-
-    $$reject: function(reason) {
-      this.promise.$$state.value = reason;
-      this.promise.$$state.status = 2;
-      scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
-    },
-
-    notify: function(progress) {
-      var callbacks = this.promise.$$state.pending;
-
-      if ((this.promise.$$state.status <= 0) && callbacks && callbacks.length) {
-        nextTick(function() {
-          var callback, result;
-          for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
-            result = callbacks[i][0];
-            callback = callbacks[i][3];
-            try {
-              result.notify(isFunction(callback) ? callback(progress) : progress);
-            } catch (e) {
-              exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-        });
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#reject
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
-   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
-   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
-   *
-   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
-   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
-   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
-   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
-   * `reject`.
-   *
-   * ```js
-   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
-   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
-   *     //          with the old or a new result
-   *     return result;
-   *   }, function(reason) {
-   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
-   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
-   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
-   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
-   *      // handle the error and recover
-   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
-   *     }
-   *     return $q.reject(reason);
-   *   });
-   * ```
-   *
-   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
-   */
-  var reject = function(reason) {
-    var result = new Deferred();
-    result.reject(reason);
-    return result.promise;
-  };
-
-  var makePromise = function makePromise(value, resolved) {
-    var result = new Deferred();
-    if (resolved) {
-      result.resolve(value);
-    } else {
-      result.reject(value);
-    }
-    return result.promise;
-  };
-
-  var handleCallback = function handleCallback(value, isResolved, callback) {
-    var callbackOutput = null;
-    try {
-      if (isFunction(callback)) callbackOutput = callback();
-    } catch (e) {
-      return makePromise(e, false);
-    }
-    if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
-      return callbackOutput.then(function() {
-        return makePromise(value, isResolved);
-      }, function(error) {
-        return makePromise(error, false);
-      });
-    } else {
-      return makePromise(value, isResolved);
-    }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#when
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
-   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
-   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
-   *
-   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
-   * @param {Function=} successCallback
-   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
-   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
-   */
-
-
-  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressBack) {
-    var result = new Deferred();
-    result.resolve(value);
-    return result.promise.then(callback, errback, progressBack);
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#resolve
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Alias of {@link ng.$q#when when} to maintain naming consistency with ES6.
-   *
-   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
-   * @param {Function=} successCallback
-   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
-   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
-   */
-  var resolve = when;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#all
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
-   * promises are resolved.
-   *
-   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
-   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
-   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
-   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
-   *   with the same rejection value.
-   */
-
-  function all(promises) {
-    var deferred = new Deferred(),
-        counter = 0,
-        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
-
-    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
-      counter++;
-      when(promise).then(function(value) {
-        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
-        results[key] = value;
-        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
-      }, function(reason) {
-        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
-        deferred.reject(reason);
-      });
-    });
-
-    if (counter === 0) {
-      deferred.resolve(results);
-    }
-
-    return deferred.promise;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $q#race
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Returns a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of those promises
-   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
-   *
-   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
-   * @returns {Promise} a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of the `promises`
-   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
-   */
-
-  function race(promises) {
-    var deferred = defer();
-
-    forEach(promises, function(promise) {
-      when(promise).then(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject);
-    });
-
-    return deferred.promise;
-  }
-
-  var $Q = function Q(resolver) {
-    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
-      throw $qMinErr('norslvr', "Expected resolverFn, got '{0}'", resolver);
-    }
-
-    var deferred = new Deferred();
-
-    function resolveFn(value) {
-      deferred.resolve(value);
-    }
-
-    function rejectFn(reason) {
-      deferred.reject(reason);
-    }
-
-    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);
-
-    return deferred.promise;
-  };
-
-  // Let's make the instanceof operator work for promises, so that
-  // `new $q(fn) instanceof $q` would evaluate to true.
-  $Q.prototype = Promise.prototype;
-
-  $Q.defer = defer;
-  $Q.reject = reject;
-  $Q.when = when;
-  $Q.resolve = resolve;
-  $Q.all = all;
-  $Q.race = race;
-
-  return $Q;
-}
-
-function $$RAFProvider() { //rAF
-  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
-    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
-                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame;
-
-    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
-                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
-                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
-
-    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
-    var raf = rafSupported
-      ? function(fn) {
-          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
-          return function() {
-            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
-          };
-        }
-      : function(fn) {
-          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
-          return function() {
-            $timeout.cancel(timer);
-          };
-        };
-
-    raf.supported = rafSupported;
-
-    return raf;
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * DESIGN NOTES
- *
- * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
- *
- * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
- * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
- *
- * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
- *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
- *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
- *     exposed as $$____ properties
- *
- * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
- *   - This means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
- *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
- *
- * Child scopes are created and removed often
- *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in the middle are expensive; so we use linked lists
- *
- * There are fewer watches than observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be implemented
- * in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of the initialization function which is expensive
- * to construct.
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $rootScopeProvider
- * @description
- *
- * Provider for the $rootScope service.
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc method
- * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
- * @description
- *
- * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
- * assuming that the model is unstable.
- *
- * The current default is 10 iterations.
- *
- * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
- * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
- * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
- * continuously change during the digest.
- *
- * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
- * proper justification.
- *
- * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $rootScope
- * @description
- *
- * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
- * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
- * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
- * They also provide event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
- * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
- */
-function $RootScopeProvider() {
-  var TTL = 10;
-  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
-  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
-  var applyAsyncId = null;
-
-  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      TTL = value;
-    }
-    return TTL;
-  };
-
-  function createChildScopeClass(parent) {
-    function ChildScope() {
-      this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
-          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
-      this.$$listeners = {};
-      this.$$listenerCount = {};
-      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
-      this.$id = nextUid();
-      this.$$ChildScope = null;
-    }
-    ChildScope.prototype = parent;
-    return ChildScope;
-  }
-
-  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
-      function($exceptionHandler, $parse, $browser) {
-
-    function destroyChildScope($event) {
-        $event.currentScope.$$destroyed = true;
-    }
-
-    function cleanUpScope($scope) {
-
-      if (msie === 9) {
-        // There is a memory leak in IE9 if all child scopes are not disconnected
-        // completely when a scope is destroyed. So this code will recurse up through
-        // all this scopes children
-        //
-        // See issue https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/10706
-        $scope.$$childHead && cleanUpScope($scope.$$childHead);
-        $scope.$$nextSibling && cleanUpScope($scope.$$nextSibling);
-      }
-
-      // The code below works around IE9 and V8's memory leaks
-      //
-      // See:
-      // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
-      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
-      // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
-
-      $scope.$parent = $scope.$$nextSibling = $scope.$$prevSibling = $scope.$$childHead =
-          $scope.$$childTail = $scope.$root = $scope.$$watchers = null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc type
-     * @name $rootScope.Scope
-     *
-     * @description
-     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
-     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
-     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
-     * compiled HTML template is executed.) See also the {@link guide/scope Scopes guide} for
-     * an in-depth introduction and usage examples.
-     *
-     *
-     * # Inheritance
-     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
-     * ```js
-         var parent = $rootScope;
-         var child = parent.$new();
-
-         parent.salutation = "Hello";
-         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
-
-         child.salutation = "Welcome";
-         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
-         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
-     * ```
-     *
-     * When interacting with `Scope` in tests, additional helper methods are available on the
-     * instances of `Scope` type. See {@link ngMock.$rootScope.Scope ngMock Scope} for additional
-     * details.
-     *
-     *
-     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
-     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
-     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
-     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
-     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
-     *                              service.
-     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
-     *
-     */
-    function Scope() {
-      this.$id = nextUid();
-      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
-                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
-                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
-      this.$root = this;
-      this.$$destroyed = false;
-      this.$$listeners = {};
-      this.$$listenerCount = {};
-      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
-      this.$$isolateBindings = null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc property
-     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing) useful for debugging.
-     */
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc property
-      * @name $rootScope.Scope#$parent
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Reference to the parent scope.
-      */
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc property
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$root
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Reference to the root scope.
-       */
-
-    Scope.prototype = {
-      constructor: Scope,
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
-       *
-       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} event.
-       * The scope can be removed from the scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
-       *
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
-       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
-       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
-       *
-       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
-       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
-       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
-       *         state.
-       *
-       * @param {Scope} [parent=this] The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `Scope`} that will be the `$parent`
-       *                              of the newly created scope. Defaults to `this` scope if not provided.
-       *                              This is used when creating a transclude scope to correctly place it
-       *                              in the scope hierarchy while maintaining the correct prototypical
-       *                              inheritance.
-       *
-       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
-       *
-       */
-      $new: function(isolate, parent) {
-        var child;
-
-        parent = parent || this;
-
-        if (isolate) {
-          child = new Scope();
-          child.$root = this.$root;
-        } else {
-          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
-          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
-          if (!this.$$ChildScope) {
-            this.$$ChildScope = createChildScopeClass(this);
-          }
-          child = new this.$$ChildScope();
-        }
-        child.$parent = parent;
-        child.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
-        if (parent.$$childHead) {
-          parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
-          parent.$$childTail = child;
-        } else {
-          parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = child;
-        }
-
-        // When the new scope is not isolated or we inherit from `this`, and
-        // the parent scope is destroyed, the property `$$destroyed` is inherited
-        // prototypically. In all other cases, this property needs to be set
-        // when the parent scope is destroyed.
-        // The listener needs to be added after the parent is set
-        if (isolate || parent != this) child.$on('$destroy', destroyChildScope);
-
-        return child;
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
-       *
-       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
-       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (`watchExpression` should not change
-       *   its value when executed multiple times with the same input because it may be executed multiple
-       *   times by {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()}. That is, `watchExpression` should be
-       *   [idempotent](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence).
-       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
-       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
-       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
-       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
-       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
-       *   (see next point)
-       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
-       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
-       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
-       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
-       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
-       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
-       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
-       *
-       *
-       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
-       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Be prepared for
-       * multiple calls to your `watchExpression` because it will execute multiple times in a
-       * single {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle if a change is detected.)
-       *
-       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
-       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
-       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
-       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
-       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
-       * listener was called due to initialization.
-       *
-       *
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
-           var scope = $rootScope;
-           scope.name = 'misko';
-           scope.counter = 0;
-
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
-           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
-             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
-           });
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
-
-           scope.$digest();
-           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
-
-           scope.$digest();
-           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
-
-           scope.name = 'adam';
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
-
-
-
-           // Using a function as a watchExpression
-           var food;
-           scope.foodCounter = 0;
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
-           scope.$watch(
-             // This function returns the value being watched. It is called for each turn of the $digest loop
-             function() { return food; },
-             // This is the change listener, called when the value returned from the above function changes
-             function(newValue, oldValue) {
-               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
-                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
-                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
-               }
-             }
-           );
-           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
-
-           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
-
-           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
-           food = 'cheeseburger';
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
-
-       * ```
-       *
-       *
-       *
-       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
-       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
-       *    a call to the `listener`.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
-       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
-       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
-       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
-       *
-       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
-       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
-       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
-       * @param {boolean=} [objectEquality=false] Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
-       *     comparing for reference equality.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
-       */
-      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression) {
-        var get = $parse(watchExp);
-
-        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
-          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, listener, objectEquality, get, watchExp);
-        }
-        var scope = this,
-            array = scope.$$watchers,
-            watcher = {
-              fn: listener,
-              last: initWatchVal,
-              get: get,
-              exp: prettyPrintExpression || watchExp,
-              eq: !!objectEquality
-            };
-
-        lastDirtyWatch = null;
-
-        if (!isFunction(listener)) {
-          watcher.fn = noop;
-        }
-
-        if (!array) {
-          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
-        }
-        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
-        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
-        array.unshift(watcher);
-        incrementWatchersCount(this, 1);
-
-        return function deregisterWatch() {
-          if (arrayRemove(array, watcher) >= 0) {
-            incrementWatchersCount(scope, -1);
-          }
-          lastDirtyWatch = null;
-        };
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
-       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
-       *
-       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via standard $watch operation and are examined on every
-       *   call to $digest() to see if any items changes.
-       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
-       *
-       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
-       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
-       *
-       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
-       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
-       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
-       *    those of `watchExpression`
-       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
-       *    those of `watchExpression`
-       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
-       */
-      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
-        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
-        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
-        var deregisterFns = [];
-        var self = this;
-        var changeReactionScheduled = false;
-        var firstRun = true;
-
-        if (!watchExpressions.length) {
-          // No expressions means we call the listener ASAP
-          var shouldCall = true;
-          self.$evalAsync(function() {
-            if (shouldCall) listener(newValues, newValues, self);
-          });
-          return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
-            shouldCall = false;
-          };
-        }
-
-        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
-          // Special case size of one
-          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
-            newValues[0] = value;
-            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
-            listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
-          });
-        }
-
-        forEach(watchExpressions, function(expr, i) {
-          var unwatchFn = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value, oldValue) {
-            newValues[i] = value;
-            oldValues[i] = oldValue;
-            if (!changeReactionScheduled) {
-              changeReactionScheduled = true;
-              self.$evalAsync(watchGroupAction);
-            }
-          });
-          deregisterFns.push(unwatchFn);
-        });
-
-        function watchGroupAction() {
-          changeReactionScheduled = false;
-
-          if (firstRun) {
-            firstRun = false;
-            listener(newValues, newValues, self);
-          } else {
-            listener(newValues, oldValues, self);
-          }
-        }
-
-        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
-          while (deregisterFns.length) {
-            deregisterFns.shift()();
-          }
-        };
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
-       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
-       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
-       *
-       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
-       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
-       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
-       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
-       *
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
-          $scope.dataCount = 4;
-
-          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
-            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
-          });
-
-          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
-          $scope.$digest();
-
-          //still at 4 ... no changes
-          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
-
-          $scope.names.pop();
-          $scope.$digest();
-
-          //now there's been a change
-          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
-       * ```
-       *
-       *
-       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
-       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
-       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
-       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
-       *
-       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
-       *    when a change is detected.
-       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
-       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
-       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
-       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
-       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
-       *
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
-       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
-       */
-      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
-        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$stateful = true;
-
-        var self = this;
-        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
-        var newValue;
-        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
-        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
-        var oldValue;
-        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
-        var veryOldValue;
-        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
-        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
-        var changeDetected = 0;
-        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
-        var internalArray = [];
-        var internalObject = {};
-        var initRun = true;
-        var oldLength = 0;
-
-        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
-          newValue = _value;
-          var newLength, key, bothNaN, newItem, oldItem;
-
-          // If the new value is undefined, then return undefined as the watch may be a one-time watch
-          if (isUndefined(newValue)) return;
-
-          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
-            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
-              oldValue = newValue;
-              changeDetected++;
-            }
-          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
-            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
-              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
-              oldValue = internalArray;
-              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
-              changeDetected++;
-            }
-
-            newLength = newValue.length;
-
-            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
-              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
-              changeDetected++;
-              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
-            }
-            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
-            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
-              oldItem = oldValue[i];
-              newItem = newValue[i];
-
-              bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
-              if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
-                changeDetected++;
-                oldValue[i] = newItem;
-              }
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
-              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
-              oldValue = internalObject = {};
-              oldLength = 0;
-              changeDetected++;
-            }
-            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
-            newLength = 0;
-            for (key in newValue) {
-              if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
-                newLength++;
-                newItem = newValue[key];
-                oldItem = oldValue[key];
-
-                if (key in oldValue) {
-                  bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
-                  if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
-                    changeDetected++;
-                    oldValue[key] = newItem;
-                  }
-                } else {
-                  oldLength++;
-                  oldValue[key] = newItem;
-                  changeDetected++;
-                }
-              }
-            }
-            if (oldLength > newLength) {
-              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
-              changeDetected++;
-              for (key in oldValue) {
-                if (!hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
-                  oldLength--;
-                  delete oldValue[key];
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          return changeDetected;
-        }
-
-        function $watchCollectionAction() {
-          if (initRun) {
-            initRun = false;
-            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
-          } else {
-            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
-          }
-
-          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
-          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
-            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
-              //primitive
-              veryOldValue = newValue;
-            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
-              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
-              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
-                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
-              }
-            } else { // if object
-              veryOldValue = {};
-              for (var key in newValue) {
-                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
-                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
-       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
-       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
-       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
-       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
-       * iterations exceeds 10.
-       *
-       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
-       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
-       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
-       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
-       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
-       *
-       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
-       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
-       *
-       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-           var scope = ...;
-           scope.name = 'misko';
-           scope.counter = 0;
-
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
-           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
-             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
-           });
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
-
-           scope.$digest();
-           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
-
-           scope.$digest();
-           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
-
-           scope.name = 'adam';
-           scope.$digest();
-           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
-       * ```
-       *
-       */
-      $digest: function() {
-        var watch, value, last, fn, get,
-            watchers,
-            length,
-            dirty, ttl = TTL,
-            next, current, target = this,
-            watchLog = [],
-            logIdx, asyncTask;
-
-        beginPhase('$digest');
-        // Check for changes to browser url that happened in sync before the call to $digest
-        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
-
-        if (this === $rootScope && applyAsyncId !== null) {
-          // If this is the root scope, and $applyAsync has scheduled a deferred $apply(), then
-          // cancel the scheduled $apply and flush the queue of expressions to be evaluated.
-          $browser.defer.cancel(applyAsyncId);
-          flushApplyAsync();
-        }
-
-        lastDirtyWatch = null;
-
-        do { // "while dirty" loop
-          dirty = false;
-          current = target;
-
-          // It's safe for asyncQueuePosition to be a local variable here because this loop can't
-          // be reentered recursively. Calling $digest from a function passed to $applyAsync would
-          // lead to a '$digest already in progress' error.
-          for (var asyncQueuePosition = 0; asyncQueuePosition < asyncQueue.length; asyncQueuePosition++) {
-            try {
-              asyncTask = asyncQueue[asyncQueuePosition];
-              asyncTask.scope.$eval(asyncTask.expression, asyncTask.locals);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-            lastDirtyWatch = null;
-          }
-          asyncQueue.length = 0;
-
-          traverseScopesLoop:
-          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
-            if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
-              // process our watches
-              length = watchers.length;
-              while (length--) {
-                try {
-                  watch = watchers[length];
-                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
-                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
-                  if (watch) {
-                    get = watch.get;
-                    if ((value = get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
-                        !(watch.eq
-                            ? equals(value, last)
-                            : (typeof value === 'number' && typeof last === 'number'
-                               && isNaN(value) && isNaN(last)))) {
-                      dirty = true;
-                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
-                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
-                      fn = watch.fn;
-                      fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
-                      if (ttl < 5) {
-                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
-                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
-                        watchLog[logIdx].push({
-                          msg: isFunction(watch.exp) ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()) : watch.exp,
-                          newVal: value,
-                          oldVal: last
-                        });
-                      }
-                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
-                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
-                      // have already been tested.
-                      dirty = false;
-                      break traverseScopesLoop;
-                    }
-                  }
-                } catch (e) {
-                  $exceptionHandler(e);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-
-            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
-            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
-            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
-            if (!(next = ((current.$$watchersCount && current.$$childHead) ||
-                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
-              while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
-                current = current.$parent;
-              }
-            }
-          } while ((current = next));
-
-          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
-
-          if ((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
-            clearPhase();
-            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
-                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
-                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
-                TTL, watchLog);
-          }
-
-        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
-
-        clearPhase();
-
-        // postDigestQueuePosition isn't local here because this loop can be reentered recursively.
-        while (postDigestQueuePosition < postDigestQueue.length) {
-          try {
-            postDigestQueue[postDigestQueuePosition++]();
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e);
-          }
-        }
-        postDigestQueue.length = postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc event
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
-       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
-       *
-       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
-       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
-       */
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
-       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
-       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
-       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
-       *
-       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
-       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
-       * unrolling of the loop.
-       *
-       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
-       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
-       * perform any necessary cleanup.
-       *
-       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
-       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
-       */
-      $destroy: function() {
-        // We can't destroy a scope that has been already destroyed.
-        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
-        var parent = this.$parent;
-
-        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
-        this.$$destroyed = true;
-
-        if (this === $rootScope) {
-          //Remove handlers attached to window when $rootScope is removed
-          $browser.$$applicationDestroyed();
-        }
-
-        incrementWatchersCount(this, -this.$$watchersCount);
-        for (var eventName in this.$$listenerCount) {
-          decrementListenerCount(this, this.$$listenerCount[eventName], eventName);
-        }
-
-        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
-        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
-        if (parent && parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
-        if (parent && parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
-        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
-        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
-
-        // Disable listeners, watchers and apply/digest methods
-        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = this.$evalAsync = this.$applyAsync = noop;
-        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
-        this.$$listeners = {};
-
-        // Disconnect the next sibling to prevent `cleanUpScope` destroying those too
-        this.$$nextSibling = null;
-        cleanUpScope(this);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
-       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating Angular
-       * expressions.
-       *
-       * # Example
-       * ```js
-           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
-           scope.a = 1;
-           scope.b = 2;
-
-           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
-           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
-       * ```
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
-       *
-       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
-       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
-       */
-      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
-        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
-       *
-       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
-       * that:
-       *
-       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
-       *     rendering).
-       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
-       *     `expression` execution.
-       *
-       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
-       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       *
-       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
-       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
-       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
-       *
-       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
-       */
-      $evalAsync: function(expr, locals) {
-        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
-        // task also schedule async auto-flush
-        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !asyncQueue.length) {
-          $browser.defer(function() {
-            if (asyncQueue.length) {
-              $rootScope.$digest();
-            }
-          });
-        }
-
-        asyncQueue.push({scope: this, expression: $parse(expr), locals: locals});
-      },
-
-      $$postDigest: function(fn) {
-        postDigestQueue.push(fn);
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular
-       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
-       * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life
-       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
-       *
-       * ## Life cycle
-       *
-       * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
-       * ```js
-           function $apply(expr) {
-             try {
-               return $eval(expr);
-             } catch (e) {
-               $exceptionHandler(e);
-             } finally {
-               $root.$digest();
-             }
-           }
-       * ```
-       *
-       *
-       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
-       *
-       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
-       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
-       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
-       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
-       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
-       *
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
-       *
-       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
-       */
-      $apply: function(expr) {
-        try {
-          beginPhase('$apply');
-          try {
-            return this.$eval(expr);
-          } finally {
-            clearPhase();
-          }
-        } catch (e) {
-          $exceptionHandler(e);
-        } finally {
-          try {
-            $rootScope.$digest();
-          } catch (e) {
-            $exceptionHandler(e);
-            throw e;
-          }
-        }
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Schedule the invocation of $apply to occur at a later time. The actual time difference
-       * varies across browsers, but is typically around ~10 milliseconds.
-       *
-       * This can be used to queue up multiple expressions which need to be evaluated in the same
-       * digest.
-       *
-       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
-       *
-       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
-       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
-       */
-      $applyAsync: function(expr) {
-        var scope = this;
-        expr && applyAsyncQueue.push($applyAsyncExpression);
-        expr = $parse(expr);
-        scheduleApplyAsync();
-
-        function $applyAsyncExpression() {
-          scope.$eval(expr);
-        }
-      },
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
-       * discussion of event life cycle.
-       *
-       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
-       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
-       *
-       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
-       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
-       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
-       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
-       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
-       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
-       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
-       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
-       *     to true.
-       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
-       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
-       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
-       */
-      $on: function(name, listener) {
-        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
-        if (!namedListeners) {
-          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
-        }
-        namedListeners.push(listener);
-
-        var current = this;
-        do {
-          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
-            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
-          }
-          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
-        } while ((current = current.$parent));
-
-        var self = this;
-        return function() {
-          var indexOfListener = namedListeners.indexOf(listener);
-          if (indexOfListener !== -1) {
-            namedListeners[indexOfListener] = null;
-            decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
-          }
-        };
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
-       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
-       *
-       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
-       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
-       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
-       * cancels it.
-       *
-       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
-       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
-       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
-       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
-       */
-      $emit: function(name, args) {
-        var empty = [],
-            namedListeners,
-            scope = this,
-            stopPropagation = false,
-            event = {
-              name: name,
-              targetScope: scope,
-              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
-              preventDefault: function() {
-                event.defaultPrevented = true;
-              },
-              defaultPrevented: false
-            },
-            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
-            i, length;
-
-        do {
-          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
-          event.currentScope = scope;
-          for (i = 0, length = namedListeners.length; i < length; i++) {
-
-            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
-            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
-              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
-              i--;
-              length--;
-              continue;
-            }
-            try {
-              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
-              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
-          if (stopPropagation) {
-            event.currentScope = null;
-            return event;
-          }
-          //traverse upwards
-          scope = scope.$parent;
-        } while (scope);
-
-        event.currentScope = null;
-
-        return event;
-      },
-
-
-      /**
-       * @ngdoc method
-       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
-       * @kind function
-       *
-       * @description
-       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
-       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
-       *
-       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
-       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
-       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
-       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
-       *
-       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
-       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-       *
-       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
-       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
-       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
-       */
-      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
-        var target = this,
-            current = target,
-            next = target,
-            event = {
-              name: name,
-              targetScope: target,
-              preventDefault: function() {
-                event.defaultPrevented = true;
-              },
-              defaultPrevented: false
-            };
-
-        if (!target.$$listenerCount[name]) return event;
-
-        var listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
-            listeners, i, length;
-
-        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
-        while ((current = next)) {
-          event.currentScope = current;
-          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
-          for (i = 0, length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {
-            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
-            if (!listeners[i]) {
-              listeners.splice(i, 1);
-              i--;
-              length--;
-              continue;
-            }
-
-            try {
-              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
-            } catch (e) {
-              $exceptionHandler(e);
-            }
-          }
-
-          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
-          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
-          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
-          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount)
-          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
-              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
-            while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
-              current = current.$parent;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        event.currentScope = null;
-        return event;
-      }
-    };
-
-    var $rootScope = new Scope();
-
-    //The internal queues. Expose them on the $rootScope for debugging/testing purposes.
-    var asyncQueue = $rootScope.$$asyncQueue = [];
-    var postDigestQueue = $rootScope.$$postDigestQueue = [];
-    var applyAsyncQueue = $rootScope.$$applyAsyncQueue = [];
-
-    var postDigestQueuePosition = 0;
-
-    return $rootScope;
-
-
-    function beginPhase(phase) {
-      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
-      }
-
-      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
-    }
-
-    function clearPhase() {
-      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
-    }
-
-    function incrementWatchersCount(current, count) {
-      do {
-        current.$$watchersCount += count;
-      } while ((current = current.$parent));
-    }
-
-    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
-      do {
-        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;
-
-        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
-          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
-        }
-      } while ((current = current.$parent));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
-     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
-     */
-    function initWatchVal() {}
-
-    function flushApplyAsync() {
-      while (applyAsyncQueue.length) {
-        try {
-          applyAsyncQueue.shift()();
-        } catch (e) {
-          $exceptionHandler(e);
-        }
-      }
-      applyAsyncId = null;
-    }
-
-    function scheduleApplyAsync() {
-      if (applyAsyncId === null) {
-        applyAsyncId = $browser.defer(function() {
-          $rootScope.$apply(flushApplyAsync);
-        });
-      }
-    }
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $rootElement
- *
- * @description
- * The root element of Angular application. This is either the element where {@link
- * ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} was declared or the element passed into
- * {@link angular.bootstrap}. The element represents the root element of application. It is also the
- * location where the application's {@link auto.$injector $injector} service gets
- * published, and can be retrieved using `$rootElement.injector()`.
- */
-
-
-// the implementation is in angular.bootstrap
-
-/**
- * @description
- * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
- */
-function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
-  var aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
-    imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*((https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\/)/;
-
-  /**
-   * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
-   *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
-   *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
-   *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
-   */
-  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
-  };
-
-
-  /**
-   * @description
-   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
-   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
-   *
-   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
-   *
-   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
-   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
-   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
-   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
-   *
-   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
-   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
-   *    chaining otherwise.
-   */
-  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
-    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
-      imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist;
-  };
-
-  this.$get = function() {
-    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isImage) {
-      var regex = isImage ? imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist : aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
-      var normalizedVal;
-      normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri).href;
-      if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
-        return 'unsafe:' + normalizedVal;
-      }
-      return uri;
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
- *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
- *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
- *                         this file is required.                          *
- *                                                                         *
- *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
- *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
- *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
-
-var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
-
-var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
-  HTML: 'html',
-  CSS: 'css',
-  URL: 'url',
-  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used in contexts where a privileged resource is sourced from a
-  // url.  (e.g. ng-include, script src, templateUrl)
-  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
-  JS: 'js'
-};
-
-// Helper functions follow.
-
-function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
-  if (matcher === 'self') {
-    return matcher;
-  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
-    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
-    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
-    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
-    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
-    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
-      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
-          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
-    }
-    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
-                  replace('\\*\\*', '.*').
-                  replace('\\*', '[^:/.?&;]*');
-    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
-  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
-    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
-    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
-    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
-    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
-  } else {
-    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
-        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
-  }
-}
-
-
-function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
-  var adjustedMatchers = [];
-  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
-    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
-      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
-    });
-  }
-  return adjustedMatchers;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $sceDelegate
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *
- * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
- * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
- *
- * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
- * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
- * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
- * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
- * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
- *
- * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
- *
- * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
- * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
- * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
- * your own whitelists and blacklists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources such as
- * templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
- * $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $sceDelegateProvider
- * @description
- *
- * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
- * $sceDelegate} service.  This allows one to get/set the whitelists and blacklists used to ensure
- * that the URLs used for sourcing Angular templates are safe.  Refer {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and
- * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
- *
- * For the general details about this service in Angular, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
- * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- *
- * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
- *
- * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
- * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
- *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`,  `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
- * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
- *
- * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
- *
- * ```
- *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
- *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
- *      'self',
- *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
- *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
- *    ]);
- *
- *    // The blacklist overrides the whitelist so the open redirect here is blocked.
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist([
- *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
- *    ]);
- *  });
- * ```
- */
-
-function $SceDelegateProvider() {
-  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
-
-  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
-  var resourceUrlWhitelist = ['self'],
-      resourceUrlBlacklist = [];
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @param {Array=} whitelist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlWhitelist with the value
-   *    provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
-   *    changes to the array are ignored.
-   *
-   *    Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
-   *    allowed in this array.
-   *
-   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   *    **Note:** an empty whitelist array will block all URLs!
-   *    </div>
-   *
-   * @return {Array} the currently set whitelist array.
-   *
-   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is `['self']` allowing only
-   * same origin resource requests.
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets/Gets the whitelist of trusted resource URLs.
-   */
-  this.resourceUrlWhitelist = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      resourceUrlWhitelist = adjustMatchers(value);
-    }
-    return resourceUrlWhitelist;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @param {Array=} blacklist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlBlacklist with the value
-   *    provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
-   *    changes to the array are ignored.
-   *
-   *    Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
-   *    allowed in this array.
-   *
-   *    The typical usage for the blacklist is to **block
-   *    [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
-   *    these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
-   *
-   *    Finally, **the blacklist overrides the whitelist** and has the final say.
-   *
-   * @return {Array} the currently set blacklist array.
-   *
-   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is the empty array (i.e. there
-   * is no blacklist.)
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets/Gets the blacklist of trusted resource URLs.
-   */
-
-  this.resourceUrlBlacklist = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      resourceUrlBlacklist = adjustMatchers(value);
-    }
-    return resourceUrlBlacklist;
-  };
-
-  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
-
-    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
-      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
-    };
-
-    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
-      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
-    }
-
-
-    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
-      if (matcher === 'self') {
-        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl);
-      } else {
-        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
-        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
-      }
-    }
-
-    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
-      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
-      var i, n, allowed = false;
-      // Ensure that at least one item from the whitelist allows this url.
-      for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlWhitelist.length; i < n; i++) {
-        if (matchUrl(resourceUrlWhitelist[i], parsedUrl)) {
-          allowed = true;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if (allowed) {
-        // Ensure that no item from the blacklist blocked this url.
-        for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlBlacklist.length; i < n; i++) {
-          if (matchUrl(resourceUrlBlacklist[i], parsedUrl)) {
-            allowed = false;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return allowed;
-    }
-
-    function generateHolderType(Base) {
-      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
-        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
-          return trustedValue;
-        };
-      };
-      if (Base) {
-        holderType.prototype = new Base();
-      }
-      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
-        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
-      };
-      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
-        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
-      };
-      return holderType;
-    }
-
-    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
-        byType = {};
-
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
-    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict
-     * contextual escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src
-     * attribute interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation
-     * such as for onclick,  etc.) that uses the provided value.
-     * See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual escaping.
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
-     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
-     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
-     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
-     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
-     */
-    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
-      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
-      if (!Constructor) {
-        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
-            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
-            type, trustedValue);
-      }
-      if (trustedValue === null || isUndefined(trustedValue) || trustedValue === '') {
-        return trustedValue;
-      }
-      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
-      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
-      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
-        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
-            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
-            type);
-      }
-      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
-     *
-     * @description
-     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
-     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
-     *
-     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
-     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns it as-is.
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
-     *      call or anything else.
-     * @returns {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
-     *     `value` unchanged.
-     */
-    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
-      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
-        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
-      } else {
-        return maybeTrusted;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Takes the result of a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call and
-     * returns the originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the
-     * created type.  If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
-     *
-     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
-     * Disabling auto-escaping is extremely dangerous, it usually creates a Cross Site Scripting
-     * (XSS) vulnerability in your application.
-     * </div>
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
-     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call.
-     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
-     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if valid in this context.  Otherwise, throws an exception.
-     */
-    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
-      if (maybeTrusted === null || isUndefined(maybeTrusted) || maybeTrusted === '') {
-        return maybeTrusted;
-      }
-      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
-      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
-        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
-      }
-      // If we get here, then we may only take one of two actions.
-      // 1. sanitize the value for the requested type, or
-      // 2. throw an exception.
-      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
-        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
-          return maybeTrusted;
-        } else {
-          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
-              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
-              maybeTrusted.toString());
-        }
-      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
-        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
-      }
-      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
-    }
-
-    return { trustAs: trustAs,
-             getTrusted: getTrusted,
-             valueOf: valueOf };
-  }];
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $sceProvider
- * @description
- *
- * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
- * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
- * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
- *
- * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- */
-
-/* jshint maxlen: false*/
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $sce
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *
- * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
- *
- * # Strict Contextual Escaping
- *
- * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS requires bindings in certain
- * contexts to result in a value that is marked as safe to use for that context.  One example of
- * such a context is binding arbitrary html controlled by the user via `ng-bind-html`.  We refer
- * to these contexts as privileged or SCE contexts.
- *
- * As of version 1.2, Angular ships with SCE enabled by default.
- *
- * Note:  When enabled (the default), IE<11 in quirks mode is not supported.  In this mode, IE<11 allow
- * one to execute arbitrary javascript by the use of the expression() syntax.  Refer
- * <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/10/16/ending-expressions.aspx> to learn more about them.
- * You can ensure your document is in standards mode and not quirks mode by adding `<!doctype html>`
- * to the top of your HTML document.
- *
- * SCE assists in writing code in a way that (a) is secure by default and (b) makes auditing for
- * security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
- *
- * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
- *
- * ```
- * <input ng-model="userHtml" aria-label="User input">
- * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
- * ```
- *
- * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
- * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV.
- * In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog articles, etc. via
- * bindings.  (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user controlled input creates
- * security vulnerabilities.)
- *
- * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
- * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
- *
- * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
- * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
- * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
- * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
- *
- * To be secure by default, you want to ensure that any such bindings are disallowed unless you can
- * determine that something explicitly says it's safe to use a value for binding in that
- * context.  You can then audit your code (a simple grep would do) to ensure that this is only done
- * for those values that you can easily tell are safe - because they were received from your server,
- * sanitized by your library, etc.  You can organize your codebase to help with this - perhaps
- * allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.  Ensuring that the internal API
- * exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then becomes a more manageable task.
- *
- * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
- * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
- * obtain values that will be accepted by SCE / privileged contexts.
- *
- *
- * ## How does it work?
- *
- * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
- * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Directives use {@link
- * ng.$sce#parseAs $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs the
- * {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals.
- *
- * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
- * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
- * simplified):
- *
- * ```
- * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
- *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
- *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
- *       element.html(value || '');
- *     });
- *   };
- * }];
- * ```
- *
- * ## Impact on loading templates
- *
- * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
- * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
- *
- * By default, Angular only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
- * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
- * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
- * protocols, you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist
- * them} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap it} into a trusted value.
- *
- * *Please note*:
- * The browser's
- * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
- * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
- * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
- * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
- * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
- * browsers.
- *
- * ## This feels like too much overhead
- *
- * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
- *
- * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
- * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (remember to include the `ngSanitize` module) (e.g.
- * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works.
- *
- * Additionally, `a[href]` and `img[src]` automatically sanitize their URLs and do not pass them
- * through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted}.  SCE doesn't play a role here.
- *
- * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
- * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
- * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
- * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelists} and {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist blacklists} for matching such URLs.
- *
- * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
- * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
- * security onto an application later.
- *
- * <a name="contexts"></a>
- * ## What trusted context types are supported?
- *
- * | Context             | Notes          |
- * |---------------------|----------------|
- * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
- * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
- * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links.  Currently unused (`<a href=` and `<img src=` sanitize their urls and don't constitute an SCE context. |
- * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` are required. |
- * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
- *
- * ## Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist resourceUrlWhitelist}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist Blacklist} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
- *
- *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
- *
- *  - **'self'**
- *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
- *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
- *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
- *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
- *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
- *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
- *      match themselves.
- *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
- *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and '`;`'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
- *      in a whitelist.
- *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
- *      appropriate for use in a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
- *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
- *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
- *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
- *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
- *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
- *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
- *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
- *      have good test coverage).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
- *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
- *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
- *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
- *      as a last resort.
- *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
- *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
- *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
- *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
- *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
- *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
- *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
- *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
- *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
- *      enough before coding your own.  E.g. Ruby has
- *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
- *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
- *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
- *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
- *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
- *
- * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
- *
- * ## Show me an example using SCE.
- *
- * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
- * <file name="index.html">
- *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
- *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
- *     <b>User comments</b><br>
- *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
- *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
- *     exploit.
- *     <div class="well">
- *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
- *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
- *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
- *         <br>
- *       </div>
- *     </div>
- *   </div>
- * </file>
- *
- * <file name="script.js">
- *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
- *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
- *       function($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
- *         var self = this;
- *         $http.get("test_data.json", {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(userComments) {
- *           self.userComments = userComments;
- *         });
- *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
- *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
- *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
- *       }]);
- * </file>
- *
- * <file name="test_data.json">
- * [
- *   { "name": "Alice",
- *     "htmlComment":
- *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
- *   },
- *   { "name": "Bob",
- *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
- *   }
- * ]
- * </file>
- *
- * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
- *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
- *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getInnerHtml())
- *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
- *     });
- *
- *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
- *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
- *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
- *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
- *     });
- *   });
- * </file>
- * </example>
- *
- *
- *
- * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
- *
- * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
- * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
- * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
- * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
- * you're migrating them a module at a time.
- *
- * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
- *
- * ```
- * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
- *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
- *   // Do not use in new projects.
- *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
- * });
- * ```
- *
- */
-/* jshint maxlen: 100 */
-
-function $SceProvider() {
-  var enabled = true;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
-   * @kind function
-   *
-   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE.
-   * @return {boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
-   */
-  this.enabled = function(value) {
-    if (arguments.length) {
-      enabled = !!value;
-    }
-    return enabled;
-  };
-
-
-  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
-   *
-   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
-   * -------------------------------------
-   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
-   *
-   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
-   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
-   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
-   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
-   *
-   * - valueOf(value)
-   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
-   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
-   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
-   *     such a value.
-   *
-   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
-   *     This function should return the a value that is safe to use in the context specified by
-   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
-   *
-   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
-   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
-   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
-   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
-   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
-   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
-   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
-   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
-   *
-   *
-   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
-   * ------------------------------------------------
-   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
-   * is purely an implementation details.
-   *
-   * The contract is simply this:
-   *
-   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
-   *     will also succeed.
-   *
-   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way.  In some future, we
-   * may not use inheritance anymore.  That is OK because no code outside of
-   * sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to be aware of this detail.
-   */
-
-  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sceDelegate', function(
-                $parse,   $sceDelegate) {
-    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE<11 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE < 11 allow
-    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
-    if (enabled && msie < 8) {
-      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
-        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks ' +
-        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
-        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
-    }
-
-    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#isEnabled
-     * @kind function
-     *
-     * @return {Boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
-     * have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
-     */
-    sce.isEnabled = function() {
-      return enabled;
-    };
-    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
-    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
-    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
-
-    if (!enabled) {
-      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
-      sce.valueOf = identity;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
-     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
-     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
-     * *result*)}
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of SCE context in which this result will be used.
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
-      var parsed = $parse(expr);
-      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
-        return parsed;
-      } else {
-        return $parse(expr, function(value) {
-          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
-        });
-      }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.  As such,
-     * returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict contextual
-     * escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src attribute
-     * interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation such as for onclick,  etc.)
-     * that uses the provided value.  See * {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual
-     * escaping.
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
-     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
-     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
-     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
-     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedHtml
-     *     $sce.getTrustedHtml(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
-     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedUrl
-     *     $sce.getTrustedUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
-     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
-     *     $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the return
-     *     value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
-     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedJs
-     *     $sce.getTrustedJs(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
-     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
-     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrusted
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
-     * takes the result of a {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}() call and returns the
-     * originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the created type.
-     * If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
-     *
-     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
-     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}
-     *                         call.
-     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to
-     *              {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`} if valid in this context.
-     *              Otherwise, throws an exception.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
-     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc method
-     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
-     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
-     *
-     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
-     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
-     *
-     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
-     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
-     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
-     *      `context`.
-     */
-
-    // Shorthand delegations.
-    var parse = sce.parseAs,
-        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
-        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
-
-    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function(enumValue, name) {
-      var lName = lowercase(name);
-      sce[camelCase("parse_as_" + lName)] = function(expr) {
-        return parse(enumValue, expr);
-      };
-      sce[camelCase("get_trusted_" + lName)] = function(value) {
-        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
-      };
-      sce[camelCase("trust_as_" + lName)] = function(value) {
-        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
-      };
-    });
-
-    return sce;
-  }];
-}
-
-/**
- * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
- *
- * @name $sniffer
- * @requires $window
- * @requires $document
- *
- * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
- * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
- * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
- *
- * @description
- * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
- */
-function $SnifferProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
-    var eventSupport = {},
-        // Chrome Packaged Apps are not allowed to access `history.pushState`. They can be detected by
-        // the presence of `chrome.app.runtime` (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/api_index)
-        isChromePackagedApp = $window.chrome && $window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.app.runtime,
-        hasHistoryPushState = !isChromePackagedApp && $window.history && $window.history.pushState,
-        android =
-          toInt((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
-        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
-        document = $document[0] || {},
-        vendorPrefix,
-        vendorRegex = /^(Moz|webkit|ms)(?=[A-Z])/,
-        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
-        transitions = false,
-        animations = false,
-        match;
-
-    if (bodyStyle) {
-      for (var prop in bodyStyle) {
-        if (match = vendorRegex.exec(prop)) {
-          vendorPrefix = match[0];
-          vendorPrefix = vendorPrefix[0].toUpperCase() + vendorPrefix.substr(1);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (!vendorPrefix) {
-        vendorPrefix = ('WebkitOpacity' in bodyStyle) && 'webkit';
-      }
-
-      transitions = !!(('transition' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Transition' in bodyStyle));
-      animations  = !!(('animation' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Animation' in bodyStyle));
-
-      if (android && (!transitions ||  !animations)) {
-        transitions = isString(bodyStyle.webkitTransition);
-        animations = isString(bodyStyle.webkitAnimation);
-      }
-    }
-
-
-    return {
-      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
-      // so let's not use the history API at all.
-      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
-      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
-
-      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
-      // so let's not use the history API also
-      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
-      // jshint -W018
-      history: !!(hasHistoryPushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
-      // jshint +W018
-      hasEvent: function(event) {
-        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
-        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
-        // when cut operation is performed.
-        // IE10+ implements 'input' event but it erroneously fires under various situations,
-        // e.g. when placeholder changes, or a form is focused.
-        if (event === 'input' && msie <= 11) return false;
-
-        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
-          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
-          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
-        }
-
-        return eventSupport[event];
-      },
-      csp: csp(),
-      vendorPrefix: vendorPrefix,
-      transitions: transitions,
-      animations: animations,
-      android: android
-    };
-  }];
-}
-
-var $templateRequestMinErr = minErr('$compile');
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $templateRequestProvider
- * @description
- * Used to configure the options passed to the {@link $http} service when making a template request.
- *
- * For example, it can be used for specifying the "Accept" header that is sent to the server, when
- * requesting a template.
- */
-function $TemplateRequestProvider() {
-
-  var httpOptions;
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions
-   * @description
-   * The options to be passed to the {@link $http} service when making the request.
-   * You can use this to override options such as the "Accept" header for template requests.
-   *
-   * The {@link $templateRequest} will set the `cache` and the `transformResponse` properties of the
-   * options if not overridden here.
-   *
-   * @param {string=} value new value for the {@link $http} options.
-   * @returns {string|self} Returns the {@link $http} options when used as getter and self if used as setter.
-   */
-  this.httpOptions = function(val) {
-    if (val) {
-      httpOptions = val;
-      return this;
-    }
-    return httpOptions;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc service
-   * @name $templateRequest
-   *
-   * @description
-   * The `$templateRequest` service runs security checks then downloads the provided template using
-   * `$http` and, upon success, stores the contents inside of `$templateCache`. If the HTTP request
-   * fails or the response data of the HTTP request is empty, a `$compile` error will be thrown (the
-   * exception can be thwarted by setting the 2nd parameter of the function to true). Note that the
-   * contents of `$templateCache` are trusted, so the call to `$sce.getTrustedUrl(tpl)` is omitted
-   * when `tpl` is of type string and `$templateCache` has the matching entry.
-   *
-   * If you want to pass custom options to the `$http` service, such as setting the Accept header you
-   * can configure this via {@link $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions}.
-   *
-   * @param {string|TrustedResourceUrl} tpl The HTTP request template URL
-   * @param {boolean=} ignoreRequestError Whether or not to ignore the exception when the request fails or the template is empty
-   *
-   * @return {Promise} a promise for the HTTP response data of the given URL.
-   *
-   * @property {number} totalPendingRequests total amount of pending template requests being downloaded.
-   */
-  this.$get = ['$templateCache', '$http', '$q', '$sce', function($templateCache, $http, $q, $sce) {
-
-    function handleRequestFn(tpl, ignoreRequestError) {
-      handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests++;
-
-      // We consider the template cache holds only trusted templates, so
-      // there's no need to go through whitelisting again for keys that already
-      // are included in there. This also makes Angular accept any script
-      // directive, no matter its name. However, we still need to unwrap trusted
-      // types.
-      if (!isString(tpl) || isUndefined($templateCache.get(tpl))) {
-        tpl = $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(tpl);
-      }
-
-      var transformResponse = $http.defaults && $http.defaults.transformResponse;
-
-      if (isArray(transformResponse)) {
-        transformResponse = transformResponse.filter(function(transformer) {
-          return transformer !== defaultHttpResponseTransform;
-        });
-      } else if (transformResponse === defaultHttpResponseTransform) {
-        transformResponse = null;
-      }
-
-      return $http.get(tpl, extend({
-          cache: $templateCache,
-          transformResponse: transformResponse
-        }, httpOptions))
-        ['finally'](function() {
-          handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests--;
-        })
-        .then(function(response) {
-          $templateCache.put(tpl, response.data);
-          return response.data;
-        }, handleError);
-
-      function handleError(resp) {
-        if (!ignoreRequestError) {
-          throw $templateRequestMinErr('tpload', 'Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})',
-            tpl, resp.status, resp.statusText);
-        }
-        return $q.reject(resp);
-      }
-    }
-
-    handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests = 0;
-
-    return handleRequestFn;
-  }];
-}
-
-function $$TestabilityProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$location',
-       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $location) {
-
-    /**
-     * @name $testability
-     *
-     * @description
-     * The private $$testability service provides a collection of methods for use when debugging
-     * or by automated test and debugging tools.
-     */
-    var testability = {};
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#findBindings
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns an array of elements that are bound (via ng-bind or {{}})
-     * to expressions matching the input.
-     *
-     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
-     * @param {string} expression The binding expression to match.
-     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
-     *     for the expression. Filters and whitespace are ignored.
-     */
-    testability.findBindings = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
-      var bindings = element.getElementsByClassName('ng-binding');
-      var matches = [];
-      forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
-        var dataBinding = angular.element(binding).data('$binding');
-        if (dataBinding) {
-          forEach(dataBinding, function(bindingName) {
-            if (opt_exactMatch) {
-              var matcher = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeForRegexp(expression) + '(\\s|\\||$)');
-              if (matcher.test(bindingName)) {
-                matches.push(binding);
-              }
-            } else {
-              if (bindingName.indexOf(expression) != -1) {
-                matches.push(binding);
-              }
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      });
-      return matches;
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#findModels
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Returns an array of elements that are two-way found via ng-model to
-     * expressions matching the input.
-     *
-     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
-     * @param {string} expression The model expression to match.
-     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
-     *     for the expression.
-     */
-    testability.findModels = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
-      var prefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng\\:'];
-      for (var p = 0; p < prefixes.length; ++p) {
-        var attributeEquals = opt_exactMatch ? '=' : '*=';
-        var selector = '[' + prefixes[p] + 'model' + attributeEquals + '"' + expression + '"]';
-        var elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
-        if (elements.length) {
-          return elements;
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#getLocation
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut for getting the location in a browser agnostic way. Returns
-     *     the path, search, and hash. (e.g. /path?a=b#hash)
-     */
-    testability.getLocation = function() {
-      return $location.url();
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#setLocation
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Shortcut for navigating to a location without doing a full page reload.
-     *
-     * @param {string} url The location url (path, search and hash,
-     *     e.g. /path?a=b#hash) to go to.
-     */
-    testability.setLocation = function(url) {
-      if (url !== $location.url()) {
-        $location.url(url);
-        $rootScope.$digest();
-      }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @name $$testability#whenStable
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Calls the callback when $timeout and $http requests are completed.
-     *
-     * @param {function} callback
-     */
-    testability.whenStable = function(callback) {
-      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(callback);
-    };
-
-    return testability;
-  }];
-}
-
-function $TimeoutProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
-       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
-
-    var deferreds = {};
-
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc service
-      * @name $timeout
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
-      * block and delegates any exceptions to
-      * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
-      *
-      * The return value of calling `$timeout` is a promise, which will be resolved when
-      * the delay has passed and the timeout function, if provided, is executed.
-      *
-      * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
-      *
-      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
-      * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
-      *
-      * If you only want a promise that will be resolved after some specified delay
-      * then you can call `$timeout` without the `fn` function.
-      *
-      * @param {function()=} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
-      * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
-      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
-      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
-      * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
-      * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The promise
-      *   will be resolved with the return value of the `fn` function.
-      *
-      */
-    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
-      if (!isFunction(fn)) {
-        invokeApply = delay;
-        delay = fn;
-        fn = noop;
-      }
-
-      var args = sliceArgs(arguments, 3),
-          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
-          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise,
-          timeoutId;
-
-      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
-        try {
-          deferred.resolve(fn.apply(null, args));
-        } catch (e) {
-          deferred.reject(e);
-          $exceptionHandler(e);
-        }
-        finally {
-          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
-        }
-
-        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
-      }, delay);
-
-      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
-      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
-
-      return promise;
-    }
-
-
-     /**
-      * @ngdoc method
-      * @name $timeout#cancel
-      *
-      * @description
-      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
-      * resolved with a rejection.
-      *
-      * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
-      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
-      *   canceled.
-      */
-    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
-      if (promise && promise.$$timeoutId in deferreds) {
-        deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId].reject('canceled');
-        delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
-        return $browser.defer.cancel(promise.$$timeoutId);
-      }
-      return false;
-    };
-
-    return timeout;
-  }];
-}
-
-// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
-// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
-// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
-// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
-// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
-// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
-// service.
-var urlParsingNode = window.document.createElement("a");
-var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href);
-
-
-/**
- *
- * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
- * ----------------------------------------
- * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
- * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
- * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
- * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
- * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
- * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+, Opera 7+,e etc.  See
- * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
- *
- * Implementation Notes for IE
- * ---------------------------
- * IE <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
- * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
- * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
- * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
- * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
- * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
- *
- * References:
- *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
- *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
- *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
- *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
- *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
- *
- * @kind function
- * @param {string} url The URL to be parsed.
- * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
- * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
- *
- *   | member name   | Description    |
- *   |---------------|----------------|
- *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
- *   | protocol      | The protocol including the trailing colon                              |
- *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
- *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
- *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol
- *   | hostname      | The hostname
- *   | port          | The port, without ":"
- *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"
- *
- */
-function urlResolve(url) {
-  var href = url;
-
-  if (msie) {
-    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
-    // done in two steps on IE.
-    urlParsingNode.setAttribute("href", href);
-    href = urlParsingNode.href;
-  }
-
-  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
-
-  // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
-  return {
-    href: urlParsingNode.href,
-    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
-    host: urlParsingNode.host,
-    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
-    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
-    hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
-    port: urlParsingNode.port,
-    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
-      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
-      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application document.
- *
- * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
- * or a parsed URL object.
- * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
- */
-function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
-  var parsed = (isString(requestUrl)) ? urlResolve(requestUrl) : requestUrl;
-  return (parsed.protocol === originUrl.protocol &&
-          parsed.host === originUrl.host);
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $window
- *
- * @description
- * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
- * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
- * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
- * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
- *
- * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
- * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
- * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
- * expression.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="windowExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('windowExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function($scope, $window) {
-             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
-             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
-               $window.alert(greeting);
-             };
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" aria-label="greeting" />
-         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
-       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
-       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
-       // element(':button').click();
-      });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-function $WindowProvider() {
-  this.$get = valueFn(window);
-}
-
-/**
- * @name $$cookieReader
- * @requires $document
- *
- * @description
- * This is a private service for reading cookies used by $http and ngCookies
- *
- * @return {Object} a key/value map of the current cookies
- */
-function $$CookieReader($document) {
-  var rawDocument = $document[0] || {};
-  var lastCookies = {};
-  var lastCookieString = '';
-
-  function safeDecodeURIComponent(str) {
-    try {
-      return decodeURIComponent(str);
-    } catch (e) {
-      return str;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return function() {
-    var cookieArray, cookie, i, index, name;
-    var currentCookieString = rawDocument.cookie || '';
-
-    if (currentCookieString !== lastCookieString) {
-      lastCookieString = currentCookieString;
-      cookieArray = lastCookieString.split('; ');
-      lastCookies = {};
-
-      for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
-        cookie = cookieArray[i];
-        index = cookie.indexOf('=');
-        if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
-          name = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
-          // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
-          // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
-          // follow are for less specific paths.
-          if (isUndefined(lastCookies[name])) {
-            lastCookies[name] = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return lastCookies;
-  };
-}
-
-$$CookieReader.$inject = ['$document'];
-
-function $$CookieReaderProvider() {
-  this.$get = $$CookieReader;
-}
-
-/* global currencyFilter: true,
- dateFilter: true,
- filterFilter: true,
- jsonFilter: true,
- limitToFilter: true,
- lowercaseFilter: true,
- numberFilter: true,
- orderByFilter: true,
- uppercaseFilter: true,
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc provider
- * @name $filterProvider
- * @description
- *
- * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
- * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
- * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
- * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
- * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
- * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
- * </div>
- *
- * ```js
- *   // Filter registration
- *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
- *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
- *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
- *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
- *     });
- *
- *     // register a filter factory which uses the
- *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
- *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
- *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
- *       // to generate salutation
- *       return function(text) {
- *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
- *         return text && greet(text) || text;
- *       };
- *     });
- *   }
- * ```
- *
- * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
- * `Filter`.
- *
- * ```js
- *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
- *     function($filterProvider) {
- *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
- *         return ...;
- *       });
- *     },
- *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
- *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
- *     });
- * ```
- *
- *
- * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
- * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the Angular Developer Guide.
- */
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc service
- * @name $filter
- * @kind function
- * @description
- * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
- *
- * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
- *
- *         {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
- *
- * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
- * @return {Function} the filter function
- * @example
-   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
-        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
-        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-
-     <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('filterExample', [])
-      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
-        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
-        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
-      });
-     </file>
-   </example>
-  */
-$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
-function $FilterProvider($provide) {
-  var suffix = 'Filter';
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name $filterProvider#register
-   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
-   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
-   *
-   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   *    **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
-   *    Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
-   *    your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
-   *    (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
-   *    </div>
-    * @param {Function} factory If the first argument was a string, a factory function for the filter to be registered.
-   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
-   *    of the registered filter instances.
-   */
-  function register(name, factory) {
-    if (isObject(name)) {
-      var filters = {};
-      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
-        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
-      });
-      return filters;
-    } else {
-      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
-    }
-  }
-  this.register = register;
-
-  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
-    return function(name) {
-      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
-    };
-  }];
-
-  ////////////////////////////////////////
-
-  /* global
-    currencyFilter: false,
-    dateFilter: false,
-    filterFilter: false,
-    jsonFilter: false,
-    limitToFilter: false,
-    lowercaseFilter: false,
-    numberFilter: false,
-    orderByFilter: false,
-    uppercaseFilter: false,
-  */
-
-  register('currency', currencyFilter);
-  register('date', dateFilter);
-  register('filter', filterFilter);
-  register('json', jsonFilter);
-  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
-  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
-  register('number', numberFilter);
-  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
-  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name filter
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
- *
- * @param {Array} array The source array.
- * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
- *   `array`.
- *
- *   Can be one of:
- *
- *   - `string`: The string is used for matching against the contents of the `array`. All strings or
- *     objects with string properties in `array` that match this string will be returned. This also
- *     applies to nested object properties.
- *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
- *
- *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
- *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
- *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
- *     property name (`$` by default) can be used (e.g. as in `{$: "text"}`) to accept a match
- *     against any property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the
- *     simple substring match with a `string` as described above. The special property name can be
- *     overwritten, using the `anyPropertyKey` parameter.
- *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
- *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
- *     not containing "M".
- *
- *     Note that a named property will match properties on the same level only, while the special
- *     `$` property will match properties on the same level or deeper. E.g. an array item like
- *     `{name: {first: 'John', last: 'Doe'}}` will **not** be matched by `{name: 'John'}`, but
- *     **will** be matched by `{$: 'John'}`.
- *
- *   - `function(value, index, array)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters.
- *     The function is called for each element of the array, with the element, its index, and
- *     the entire array itself as arguments.
- *
- *     The final result is an array of those elements that the predicate returned true for.
- *
- * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|undefined} comparator Comparator which is used in
- *     determining if the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual value (from
- *     the object in the array) should be considered a match.
- *
- *   Can be one of:
- *
- *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
- *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
- *     should return true if both values should be considered equal.
- *
- *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(actual, expected)}`.
- *     This is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
- *
- *   - `false|undefined`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in case
- *     insensitive way.
- *
- *     Primitive values are converted to strings. Objects are not compared against primitives,
- *     unless they have a custom `toString` method (e.g. `Date` objects).
- *
- * @param {string=} anyPropertyKey The special property name that matches against any property.
- *     By default `$`.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
-                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
-                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
-                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
-                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
-                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
-
-       <label>Search: <input ng-model="searchText"></label>
-       <table id="searchTextResults">
-         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
-         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
-           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-         </tr>
-       </table>
-       <hr>
-       <label>Any: <input ng-model="search.$"></label> <br>
-       <label>Name only <input ng-model="search.name"></label><br>
-       <label>Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"></label><br>
-       <label>Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"></label><br>
-       <table id="searchObjResults">
-         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
-         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
-           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
-           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
-         </tr>
-       </table>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
-         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
-           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
-             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
-           });
-         });
-       };
-
-       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
-         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
-         searchText.clear();
-         searchText.sendKeys('m');
-         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');
-
-         searchText.clear();
-         searchText.sendKeys('76');
-         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
-       });
-
-       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
-         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
-         searchAny.clear();
-         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
-         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
-       });
-       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
-         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
-         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
-         searchName.clear();
-         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
-         strict.click();
-         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-
-function filterFilter() {
-  return function(array, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey) {
-    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
-      if (array == null) {
-        return array;
-      } else {
-        throw minErr('filter')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
-      }
-    }
-
-    anyPropertyKey = anyPropertyKey || '$';
-    var expressionType = getTypeForFilter(expression);
-    var predicateFn;
-    var matchAgainstAnyProp;
-
-    switch (expressionType) {
-      case 'function':
-        predicateFn = expression;
-        break;
-      case 'boolean':
-      case 'null':
-      case 'number':
-      case 'string':
-        matchAgainstAnyProp = true;
-        //jshint -W086
-      case 'object':
-        //jshint +W086
-        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-        break;
-      default:
-        return array;
-    }
-
-    return Array.prototype.filter.call(array, predicateFn);
-  };
-}
-
-// Helper functions for `filterFilter`
-function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
-  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && (anyPropertyKey in expression);
-  var predicateFn;
-
-  if (comparator === true) {
-    comparator = equals;
-  } else if (!isFunction(comparator)) {
-    comparator = function(actual, expected) {
-      if (isUndefined(actual)) {
-        // No substring matching against `undefined`
-        return false;
-      }
-      if ((actual === null) || (expected === null)) {
-        // No substring matching against `null`; only match against `null`
-        return actual === expected;
-      }
-      if (isObject(expected) || (isObject(actual) && !hasCustomToString(actual))) {
-        // Should not compare primitives against objects, unless they have custom `toString` method
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      actual = lowercase('' + actual);
-      expected = lowercase('' + expected);
-      return actual.indexOf(expected) !== -1;
-    };
-  }
-
-  predicateFn = function(item) {
-    if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
-      return deepCompare(item, expression[anyPropertyKey], comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
-    }
-    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-  };
-
-  return predicateFn;
-}
-
-function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
-  var actualType = getTypeForFilter(actual);
-  var expectedType = getTypeForFilter(expected);
-
-  if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
-    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-  } else if (isArray(actual)) {
-    // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
-    // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
-    return actual.some(function(item) {
-      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
-    });
-  }
-
-  switch (actualType) {
-    case 'object':
-      var key;
-      if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
-        for (key in actual) {
-          if ((key.charAt(0) !== '$') && deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, true)) {
-            return true;
-          }
-        }
-        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
-      } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
-        for (key in expected) {
-          var expectedVal = expected[key];
-          if (isFunction(expectedVal) || isUndefined(expectedVal)) {
-            continue;
-          }
-
-          var matchAnyProperty = key === anyPropertyKey;
-          var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
-          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
-            return false;
-          }
-        }
-        return true;
-      } else {
-        return comparator(actual, expected);
-      }
-      break;
-    case 'function':
-      return false;
-    default:
-      return comparator(actual, expected);
-  }
-}
-
-// Used for easily differentiating between `null` and actual `object`
-function getTypeForFilter(val) {
-  return (val === null) ? 'null' : typeof val;
-}
-
-var MAX_DIGITS = 22;
-var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
-var ZERO_CHAR = '0';
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name currency
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
- * symbol for current locale is used.
- *
- * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
- * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
- * @param {number=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the amount to, defaults to default max fraction size for current locale
- * @returns {string} Formatted number.
- *
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="currencyExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <input type="number" ng-model="amount" aria-label="amount"> <br>
-         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
-         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span id="currency-custom">{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span>
-         no fractions (0): <span id="currency-no-fractions">{{amount | currency:"USD$":0}}</span>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,235');
-       });
-       it('should update', function() {
-         if (browser.params.browser == 'safari') {
-           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
-           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
-           return;
-         }
-         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
-         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('-$1,234.00');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234.00');
-         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
-function currencyFilter($locale) {
-  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
-  return function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize) {
-    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) {
-      currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
-    }
-
-    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
-      fractionSize = formats.PATTERNS[1].maxFrac;
-    }
-
-    // if null or undefined pass it through
-    return (amount == null)
-        ? amount
-        : formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize).
-            replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name number
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- * Formats a number as text.
- *
- * If the input is null or undefined, it will just be returned.
- * If the input is infinite (Infinity or -Infinity), the Infinity symbol '∞' or '-∞' is returned, respectively.
- * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
- *
- *
- * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
- * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
- * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
- * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
- * @returns {string} Number rounded to `fractionSize` appropriately formatted based on the current
- *                   locale (e.g., in the en_US locale it will have "." as the decimal separator and
- *                   include "," group separators after each third digit).
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="numberFilterExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <label>Enter number: <input ng-model='val'></label><br>
-         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
-         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
-         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should format numbers', function() {
-         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
-         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
-         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
-       });
-
-       it('should update', function() {
-         element(by.model('val')).clear();
-         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
-         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
-         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
-         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
-      });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
-function numberFilter($locale) {
-  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
-  return function(number, fractionSize) {
-
-    // if null or undefined pass it through
-    return (number == null)
-        ? number
-        : formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
-                       fractionSize);
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a number (as a string) into three components that can be used
- * for formatting the number.
- *
- * (Significant bits of this parse algorithm came from https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/)
- *
- * @param  {string} numStr The number to parse
- * @return {object} An object describing this number, containing the following keys:
- *  - d : an array of digits containing leading zeros as necessary
- *  - i : the number of the digits in `d` that are to the left of the decimal point
- *  - e : the exponent for numbers that would need more than `MAX_DIGITS` digits in `d`
- *
- */
-function parse(numStr) {
-  var exponent = 0, digits, numberOfIntegerDigits;
-  var i, j, zeros;
-
-  // Decimal point?
-  if ((numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.indexOf(DECIMAL_SEP)) > -1) {
-    numStr = numStr.replace(DECIMAL_SEP, '');
-  }
-
-  // Exponential form?
-  if ((i = numStr.search(/e/i)) > 0) {
-    // Work out the exponent.
-    if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) numberOfIntegerDigits = i;
-    numberOfIntegerDigits += +numStr.slice(i + 1);
-    numStr = numStr.substring(0, i);
-  } else if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) {
-    // There was no decimal point or exponent so it is an integer.
-    numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.length;
-  }
-
-  // Count the number of leading zeros.
-  for (i = 0; numStr.charAt(i) == ZERO_CHAR; i++) {/* jshint noempty: false */}
-
-  if (i == (zeros = numStr.length)) {
-    // The digits are all zero.
-    digits = [0];
-    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
-  } else {
-    // Count the number of trailing zeros
-    zeros--;
-    while (numStr.charAt(zeros) == ZERO_CHAR) zeros--;
-
-    // Trailing zeros are insignificant so ignore them
-    numberOfIntegerDigits -= i;
-    digits = [];
-    // Convert string to array of digits without leading/trailing zeros.
-    for (j = 0; i <= zeros; i++, j++) {
-      digits[j] = +numStr.charAt(i);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // If the number overflows the maximum allowed digits then use an exponent.
-  if (numberOfIntegerDigits > MAX_DIGITS) {
-    digits = digits.splice(0, MAX_DIGITS - 1);
-    exponent = numberOfIntegerDigits - 1;
-    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
-  }
-
-  return { d: digits, e: exponent, i: numberOfIntegerDigits };
-}
-
-/**
- * Round the parsed number to the specified number of decimal places
- * This function changed the parsedNumber in-place
- */
-function roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, minFrac, maxFrac) {
-    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
-    var fractionLen = digits.length - parsedNumber.i;
-
-    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified; `+fractionSize` converts it to a number
-    fractionSize = (isUndefined(fractionSize)) ? Math.min(Math.max(minFrac, fractionLen), maxFrac) : +fractionSize;
-
-    // The index of the digit to where rounding is to occur
-    var roundAt = fractionSize + parsedNumber.i;
-    var digit = digits[roundAt];
-
-    if (roundAt > 0) {
-      // Drop fractional digits beyond `roundAt`
-      digits.splice(Math.max(parsedNumber.i, roundAt));
-
-      // Set non-fractional digits beyond `roundAt` to 0
-      for (var j = roundAt; j < digits.length; j++) {
-        digits[j] = 0;
-      }
-    } else {
-      // We rounded to zero so reset the parsedNumber
-      fractionLen = Math.max(0, fractionLen);
-      parsedNumber.i = 1;
-      digits.length = Math.max(1, roundAt = fractionSize + 1);
-      digits[0] = 0;
-      for (var i = 1; i < roundAt; i++) digits[i] = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (digit >= 5) {
-      if (roundAt - 1 < 0) {
-        for (var k = 0; k > roundAt; k--) {
-          digits.unshift(0);
-          parsedNumber.i++;
-        }
-        digits.unshift(1);
-        parsedNumber.i++;
-      } else {
-        digits[roundAt - 1]++;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Pad out with zeros to get the required fraction length
-    for (; fractionLen < Math.max(0, fractionSize); fractionLen++) digits.push(0);
-
-
-    // Do any carrying, e.g. a digit was rounded up to 10
-    var carry = digits.reduceRight(function(carry, d, i, digits) {
-      d = d + carry;
-      digits[i] = d % 10;
-      return Math.floor(d / 10);
-    }, 0);
-    if (carry) {
-      digits.unshift(carry);
-      parsedNumber.i++;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Format a number into a string
- * @param  {number} number       The number to format
- * @param  {{
- *           minFrac, // the minimum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
- *           maxFrac, // the maximum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
- *           gSize,   // number of digits in each group of separated digits
- *           lgSize,  // number of digits in the last group of digits before the decimal separator
- *           negPre,  // the string to go in front of a negative number (e.g. `-` or `(`))
- *           posPre,  // the string to go in front of a positive number
- *           negSuf,  // the string to go after a negative number (e.g. `)`)
- *           posSuf   // the string to go after a positive number
- *         }} pattern
- * @param  {string} groupSep     The string to separate groups of number (e.g. `,`)
- * @param  {string} decimalSep   The string to act as the decimal separator (e.g. `.`)
- * @param  {[type]} fractionSize The size of the fractional part of the number
- * @return {string}              The number formatted as a string
- */
-function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
-
-  if (!(isString(number) || isNumber(number)) || isNaN(number)) return '';
-
-  var isInfinity = !isFinite(number);
-  var isZero = false;
-  var numStr = Math.abs(number) + '',
-      formattedText = '',
-      parsedNumber;
-
-  if (isInfinity) {
-    formattedText = '\u221e';
-  } else {
-    parsedNumber = parse(numStr);
-
-    roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, pattern.minFrac, pattern.maxFrac);
-
-    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
-    var integerLen = parsedNumber.i;
-    var exponent = parsedNumber.e;
-    var decimals = [];
-    isZero = digits.reduce(function(isZero, d) { return isZero && !d; }, true);
-
-    // pad zeros for small numbers
-    while (integerLen < 0) {
-      digits.unshift(0);
-      integerLen++;
-    }
-
-    // extract decimals digits
-    if (integerLen > 0) {
-      decimals = digits.splice(integerLen, digits.length);
-    } else {
-      decimals = digits;
-      digits = [0];
-    }
-
-    // format the integer digits with grouping separators
-    var groups = [];
-    if (digits.length >= pattern.lgSize) {
-      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.lgSize, digits.length).join(''));
-    }
-    while (digits.length > pattern.gSize) {
-      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.gSize, digits.length).join(''));
-    }
-    if (digits.length) {
-      groups.unshift(digits.join(''));
-    }
-    formattedText = groups.join(groupSep);
-
-    // append the decimal digits
-    if (decimals.length) {
-      formattedText += decimalSep + decimals.join('');
-    }
-
-    if (exponent) {
-      formattedText += 'e+' + exponent;
-    }
-  }
-  if (number < 0 && !isZero) {
-    return pattern.negPre + formattedText + pattern.negSuf;
-  } else {
-    return pattern.posPre + formattedText + pattern.posSuf;
-  }
-}
-
-function padNumber(num, digits, trim, negWrap) {
-  var neg = '';
-  if (num < 0 || (negWrap && num <= 0)) {
-    if (negWrap) {
-      num = -num + 1;
-    } else {
-      num = -num;
-      neg = '-';
-    }
-  }
-  num = '' + num;
-  while (num.length < digits) num = ZERO_CHAR + num;
-  if (trim) {
-    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
-  }
-  return neg + num;
-}
-
-
-function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim, negWrap) {
-  offset = offset || 0;
-  return function(date) {
-    var value = date['get' + name]();
-    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset) {
-      value += offset;
-    }
-    if (value === 0 && offset == -12) value = 12;
-    return padNumber(value, size, trim, negWrap);
-  };
-}
-
-function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm, standAlone) {
-  return function(date, formats) {
-    var value = date['get' + name]();
-    var propPrefix = (standAlone ? 'STANDALONE' : '') + (shortForm ? 'SHORT' : '');
-    var get = uppercase(propPrefix + name);
-
-    return formats[get][value];
-  };
-}
-
-function timeZoneGetter(date, formats, offset) {
-  var zone = -1 * offset;
-  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? "+" : "";
-
-  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
-                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
-
-  return paddedZone;
-}
-
-function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
-    // 0 = index of January
-    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
-    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
-    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
-    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
-}
-
-function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
-    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
-      // 4 = index of Thursday
-      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
-}
-
-function weekGetter(size) {
-   return function(date) {
-      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
-         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);
-
-      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
-         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week
-
-      return padNumber(result, size);
-   };
-}
-
-function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
-  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
-}
-
-function eraGetter(date, formats) {
-  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERAS[0] : formats.ERAS[1];
-}
-
-function longEraGetter(date, formats) {
-  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERANAMES[0] : formats.ERANAMES[1];
-}
-
-var DATE_FORMATS = {
-  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4, 0, false, true),
-    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true, true),
-     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1, 0, false, true),
-  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
-   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
-    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
-     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
-  LLLL: dateStrGetter('Month', false, true),
-    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
-     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
-    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
-     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
-    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
-     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
-    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
-     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
-    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
-     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
-     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
-     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
-   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
-  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
-   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
-     a: ampmGetter,
-     Z: timeZoneGetter,
-    ww: weekGetter(2),
-     w: weekGetter(1),
-     G: eraGetter,
-     GG: eraGetter,
-     GGG: eraGetter,
-     GGGG: longEraGetter
-};
-
-var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMLdHhmsaZEwG']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|L+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|G+|w+))(.*)/,
-    NUMBER_STRING = /^\-?\d+$/;
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name date
- * @kind function
- *
- * @description
- *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
- *
- *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
- *
- *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
- *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
- *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
- *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
- *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
- *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
- *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
- *   * `'LLLL'`: Stand-alone month in year (January-December)
- *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
- *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
- *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
- *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
- *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
- *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
- *   * `'hh'`: Hour in AM/PM, padded (01-12)
- *   * `'h'`: Hour in AM/PM, (1-12)
- *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
- *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
- *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
- *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
- *   * `'sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
- *   * `'a'`: AM/PM marker
- *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
- *   * `'ww'`: Week of year, padded (00-53). Week 01 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
- *   * `'w'`: Week of year (0-53). Week 1 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
- *   * `'G'`, `'GG'`, `'GGG'`: The abbreviated form of the era string (e.g. 'AD')
- *   * `'GGGG'`: The long form of the era string (e.g. 'Anno Domini')
- *
- *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
- *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
- *
- *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
- *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 PM)
- *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 PM)
- *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
- *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
- *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
- *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
- *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
- *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 PM)
- *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 PM)
- *
- *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be escaped by surrounding with single quotes (e.g.
- *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output a single quote, escape it - i.e., two single quotes in a sequence
- *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
- *
- * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
- *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ and its
- *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
- *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
- * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
- *    `mediumDate` is used.
- * @param {string=} timezone Timezone to be used for formatting. It understands UTC/GMT and the
- *    continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
- *    example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
- *    If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
- * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
-           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
-          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
-          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
-       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span>:
-          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span><br>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should format date', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
-         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (\-|\+)?\d{4}/);
-         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
-         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:\"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma\"")).getText()).
-            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 at \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
-function dateFilter($locale) {
-
-
-  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
-                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
-  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
-    var match;
-    if (match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR)) {
-      var date = new Date(0),
-          tzHour = 0,
-          tzMin  = 0,
-          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
-          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
-
-      if (match[9]) {
-        tzHour = toInt(match[9] + match[10]);
-        tzMin = toInt(match[9] + match[11]);
-      }
-      dateSetter.call(date, toInt(match[1]), toInt(match[2]) - 1, toInt(match[3]));
-      var h = toInt(match[4] || 0) - tzHour;
-      var m = toInt(match[5] || 0) - tzMin;
-      var s = toInt(match[6] || 0);
-      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7] || 0)) * 1000);
-      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
-      return date;
-    }
-    return string;
-  }
-
-
-  return function(date, format, timezone) {
-    var text = '',
-        parts = [],
-        fn, match;
-
-    format = format || 'mediumDate';
-    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
-    if (isString(date)) {
-      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? toInt(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
-    }
-
-    if (isNumber(date)) {
-      date = new Date(date);
-    }
-
-    if (!isDate(date) || !isFinite(date.getTime())) {
-      return date;
-    }
-
-    while (format) {
-      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
-      if (match) {
-        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
-        format = parts.pop();
-      } else {
-        parts.push(format);
-        format = null;
-      }
-    }
-
-    var dateTimezoneOffset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
-    if (timezone) {
-      dateTimezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, dateTimezoneOffset);
-      date = convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, true);
-    }
-    forEach(parts, function(value) {
-      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
-      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS, dateTimezoneOffset)
-                 : value === "''" ? "'" : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
-    });
-
-    return text;
-  };
-}
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceProvider
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
+ * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
+ * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
+ *
+ * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ */
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name json
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sce
  * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
  *
- *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
- *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
+ * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
  *
- * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
- * @param {number=} spacing The number of spaces to use per indentation, defaults to 2.
- * @returns {string} JSON string.
+ * ## Strict Contextual Escaping
  *
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS constrains bindings to only render
+ * trusted values. Its goal is to assist in writing code in a way that (a) is secure by default, and
+ * (b) makes auditing for security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
  *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <pre id="default-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
-       <pre id="custom-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json:4 }}</pre>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
-         expect(element(by.id('default-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n  "name": ?"value"\n}/);
-         expect(element(by.id('custom-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n    "name": ?"value"\n}/);
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
+ * ### Overview
  *
- */
-function jsonFilter() {
-  return function(object, spacing) {
-    if (isUndefined(spacing)) {
-        spacing = 2;
-    }
-    return toJson(object, spacing);
-  };
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name lowercase
- * @kind function
- * @description
- * Converts string to lowercase.
- * @see angular.lowercase
- */
-var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name uppercase
- * @kind function
- * @description
- * Converts string to uppercase.
- * @see angular.uppercase
- */
-var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name limitTo
- * @kind function
+ * To systematically block XSS security bugs, AngularJS treats all values as untrusted by default in
+ * HTML or sensitive URL bindings. When binding untrusted values, AngularJS will automatically
+ * run security checks on them (sanitizations, trusted URL resource, depending on context), or throw
+ * when it cannot guarantee the security of the result. That behavior depends strongly on contexts:
+ * HTML can be sanitized, but template URLs cannot, for instance.
  *
- * @description
- * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements are
- * taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
- * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. Other array-like objects are also supported
- * (e.g. array subclasses, NodeLists, jqLite/jQuery collections etc). If a number is used as input,
- * it is converted to a string.
+ * To illustrate this, consider the `ng-bind-html` directive. It renders its value directly as HTML:
+ * we call that the *context*. When given an untrusted input, AngularJS will attempt to sanitize it
+ * before rendering if a sanitizer is available, and throw otherwise. To bypass sanitization and
+ * render the input as-is, you will need to mark it as trusted for that context before attempting
+ * to bind it.
  *
- * @param {Array|ArrayLike|string|number} input - Array/array-like, string or number to be limited.
- * @param {string|number} limit - The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
- *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
- *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
- *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`. If `limit` is undefined,
- *     the input will be returned unchanged.
- * @param {(string|number)=} begin - Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index,
- *     `begin` indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
- * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if the input had
- *     less than `limit` elements.
+ * As of version 1.2, AngularJS ships with SCE enabled by default.
  *
- * @example
-   <example module="limitToExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
-             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
-             $scope.longNumber = 2345432342;
-             $scope.numLimit = 3;
-             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
-             $scope.longNumberLimit = 3;
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <label>
-            Limit {{numbers}} to:
-            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="numLimit">
-         </label>
-         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
-         <label>
-            Limit {{letters}} to:
-            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="letterLimit">
-         </label>
-         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
-         <label>
-            Limit {{longNumber}} to:
-            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="longNumberLimit">
-         </label>
-         <p>Output long number: {{ longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit }}</p>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
-       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
-       var longNumberLimitInput = element(by.model('longNumberLimit'));
-       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
-       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));
-       var limitedLongNumber = element(by.binding('longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit'));
-
-       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
-         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
-         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
-         expect(longNumberLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
-         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
-         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
-         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 234');
-       });
-
-       // There is a bug in safari and protractor that doesn't like the minus key
-       // it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
-       //   numLimitInput.clear();
-       //   numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
-       //   letterLimitInput.clear();
-       //   letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
-       //   longNumberLimitInput.clear();
-       //   longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
-       //   expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
-       //   expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
-       //   expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 342');
-       // });
-
-       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
-         numLimitInput.clear();
-         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
-         letterLimitInput.clear();
-         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
-         longNumberLimitInput.clear();
-         longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
-         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
-         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
-         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 2345432342');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
-*/
-function limitToFilter() {
-  return function(input, limit, begin) {
-    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
-      limit = Number(limit);
-    } else {
-      limit = toInt(limit);
-    }
-    if (isNaN(limit)) return input;
-
-    if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
-    if (!isArrayLike(input)) return input;
-
-    begin = (!begin || isNaN(begin)) ? 0 : toInt(begin);
-    begin = (begin < 0) ? Math.max(0, input.length + begin) : begin;
-
-    if (limit >= 0) {
-      return sliceFn(input, begin, begin + limit);
-    } else {
-      if (begin === 0) {
-        return sliceFn(input, limit, input.length);
-      } else {
-        return sliceFn(input, Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-}
-
-function sliceFn(input, begin, end) {
-  if (isString(input)) return input.slice(begin, end);
-
-  return slice.call(input, begin, end);
-}
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc filter
- * @name orderBy
- * @kind function
+ * ### In practice
  *
- * @description
- * Returns an array containing the items from the specified `collection`, ordered by a `comparator`
- * function based on the values computed using the `expression` predicate.
+ * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <input ng-model="userHtml" aria-label="User input">
+ * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
+ * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV, which would
+ * be an XSS security bug. In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog
+ * articles, etc. via bindings. (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user
+ * controlled input creates security vulnerabilities.)
+ *
+ * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
+ * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
+ *
+ * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
+ * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
+ * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
+ * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
  *
- * For example, `[{id: 'foo'}, {id: 'bar'}] | orderBy:'id'` would result in
- * `[{id: 'bar'}, {id: 'foo'}]`.
+ * To be secure by default, AngularJS makes sure bindings go through that sanitization, or
+ * any similar validation process, unless there's a good reason to trust the given value in this
+ * context.  That trust is formalized with a function call. This means that as a developer, you
+ * can assume all untrusted bindings are safe. Then, to audit your code for binding security issues,
+ * you just need to ensure the values you mark as trusted indeed are safe - because they were
+ * received from your server, sanitized by your library, etc. You can organize your codebase to
+ * help with this - perhaps allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.
+ * Ensuring that the internal API exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then
+ * becomes a more manageable task.
  *
- * The `collection` can be an Array or array-like object (e.g. NodeList, jQuery object, TypedArray,
- * String, etc).
+ * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
+ * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
+ * build the trusted versions of your values.
  *
- * The `expression` can be a single predicate, or a list of predicates each serving as a tie-breaker
- * for the preceeding one. The `expression` is evaluated against each item and the output is used
- * for comparing with other items.
+ * ### How does it work?
  *
- * You can change the sorting order by setting `reverse` to `true`. By default, items are sorted in
- * ascending order.
+ * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
+ * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Think of this function as
+ * a way to enforce the required security context in your data sink. Directives use {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAs $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs
+ * the {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals. Also,
+ * when binding without directives, AngularJS will understand the context of your bindings
+ * automatically.
  *
- * The comparison is done using the `comparator` function. If none is specified, a default, built-in
- * comparator is used (see below for details - in a nutshell, it compares numbers numerically and
- * strings alphabetically).
+ * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
+ * simplified):
  *
- * ### Under the hood
+ * ```
+ * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+ *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
+ *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
+ *       element.html(value || '');
+ *     });
+ *   };
+ * }];
+ * ```
  *
- * Ordering the specified `collection` happens in two phases:
+ * ### Impact on loading templates
  *
- * 1. All items are passed through the predicate (or predicates), and the returned values are saved
- *    along with their type (`string`, `number` etc). For example, an item `{label: 'foo'}`, passed
- *    through a predicate that extracts the value of the `label` property, would be transformed to:
- *    ```
- *    {
- *      value: 'foo',
- *      type: 'string',
- *      index: ...
- *    }
- *    ```
- * 2. The comparator function is used to sort the items, based on the derived values, types and
- *    indices.
+ * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
+ * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
  *
- * If you use a custom comparator, it will be called with pairs of objects of the form
- * `{value: ..., type: '...', index: ...}` and is expected to return `0` if the objects are equal
- * (as far as the comparator is concerned), `-1` if the 1st one should be ranked higher than the
- * second, or `1` otherwise.
+ * By default, AngularJS only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
+ * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
+ * protocols, you may either add them to the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
+ * trustedResourceUrlList} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} into trusted values.
  *
- * In order to ensure that the sorting will be deterministic across platforms, if none of the
- * specified predicates can distinguish between two items, `orderBy` will automatically introduce a
- * dummy predicate that returns the item's index as `value`.
- * (If you are using a custom comparator, make sure it can handle this predicate as well.)
+ * *Please note*:
+ * The browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
+ * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
+ * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
+ * browsers.
  *
- * Finally, in an attempt to simplify things, if a predicate returns an object as the extracted
- * value for an item, `orderBy` will try to convert that object to a primitive value, before passing
- * it to the comparator. The following rules govern the conversion:
+ * ### This feels like too much overhead
  *
- * 1. If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns a primitive, its return value will be
- *    used instead.<br />
- *    (If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
- *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
- * 2. If the object has a custom `toString()` method (i.e. not the one inherited from `Object`) that
- *    returns a primitive, its return value will be used instead.<br />
- *    (If the object has a `toString()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
- *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
- * 3. No conversion; the object itself is used.
+ * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
  *
- * ### The default comparator
+ * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
+ * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (e.g.
+ * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works (remember to include the
+ * `ngSanitize` module). The `$sceDelegate` will also use the `$sanitize` service if it is available
+ * when binding untrusted values to `$sce.HTML` context.
+ * AngularJS provides an implementation in `angular-sanitize.js`, and if you
+ * wish to use it, you will also need to depend on the {@link ngSanitize `ngSanitize`} module in
+ * your application.
  *
- * The default, built-in comparator should be sufficient for most usecases. In short, it compares
- * numbers numerically, strings alphabetically (and case-insensitively), for objects falls back to
- * using their index in the original collection, and sorts values of different types by type.
+ * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
+ * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
+ * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
+ * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trusted resource URL list} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList banned resource URL list} for matching such URLs.
  *
- * More specifically, it follows these steps to determine the relative order of items:
+ * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
+ * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
+ * security onto an application later.
  *
- * 1. If the compared values are of different types, compare the types themselves alphabetically.
- * 2. If both values are of type `string`, compare them alphabetically in a case- and
- *    locale-insensitive way.
- * 3. If both values are objects, compare their indices instead.
- * 4. Otherwise, return:
- *    -  `0`, if the values are equal (by strict equality comparison, i.e. using `===`).
- *    - `-1`, if the 1st value is "less than" the 2nd value (compared using the `<` operator).
- *    -  `1`, otherwise.
+ * <a name="contexts"></a>
+ * ### What trusted context types are supported?
  *
- * **Note:** If you notice numbers not being sorted as expected, make sure they are actually being
- *           saved as numbers and not strings.
+ * | Context             | Notes          |
+ * |---------------------|----------------|
+ * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
+ * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ * | `$sce.MEDIA_URL`    | For URLs that are safe to render as media. Is automatically converted from string by sanitizing when needed. |
+ * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links. Is automatically converted from string by sanitizing when needed. Note that `$sce.URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.MEDIA_URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.MEDIA_URL` are required.|
+ * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` or `$sce.MEDIA_URL` do and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` or `$sce.MEDIA_URL` are required. <br><br> The {@link $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList()} and {@link $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList()} can be used to restrict trusted origins for `RESOURCE_URL` |
+ * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
  *
- * @param {Array|ArrayLike} collection - The collection (array or array-like object) to sort.
- * @param {(Function|string|Array.<Function|string>)=} expression - A predicate (or list of
- *    predicates) to be used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
  *
- *    Can be one of:
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Be aware that, before AngularJS 1.7.0, `a[href]` and `img[src]` used to sanitize their
+ * interpolated values directly rather than rely upon {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted `$sce.getTrusted`}.
  *
- *    - `Function`: A getter function. This function will be called with each item as argument and
- *      the return value will be used for sorting.
- *    - `string`: An Angular expression. This expression will be evaluated against each item and the
- *      result will be used for sorting. For example, use `'label'` to sort by a property called
- *      `label` or `'label.substring(0, 3)'` to sort by the first 3 characters of the `label`
- *      property.<br />
- *      (The result of a constant expression is interpreted as a property name to be used for
- *      comparison. For example, use `'"special name"'` (note the extra pair of quotes) to sort by a
- *      property called `special name`.)<br />
- *      An expression can be optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control the sorting direction,
- *      ascending or descending. For example, `'+label'` or `'-label'`. If no property is provided,
- *      (e.g. `'+'` or `'-'`), the collection element itself is used in comparisons.
- *    - `Array`: An array of function and/or string predicates. If a predicate cannot determine the
- *      relative order of two items, the next predicate is used as a tie-breaker.
+ * **As of 1.7.0, this is no longer the case.**
  *
- * **Note:** If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
+ * Now such interpolations are marked as requiring `$sce.URL` (for `a[href]`) or `$sce.MEDIA_URL`
+ * (for `img[src]`), so that the sanitization happens (via `$sce.getTrusted...`) when the `$interpolate`
+ * service evaluates the expressions.
+ * </div>
  *
- * @param {boolean=} reverse - If `true`, reverse the sorting order.
- * @param {(Function)=} comparator - The comparator function used to determine the relative order of
- *    value pairs. If omitted, the built-in comparator will be used.
+ * There are no CSS or JS context bindings in AngularJS currently, so their corresponding `$sce.trustAs`
+ * functions aren't useful yet. This might evolve.
  *
- * @returns {Array} - The sorted array.
+ * ### Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList trustedResourceUrlList}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList bannedResourceUrlList} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
  *
+ *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
  *
- * @example
- * ### Ordering a table with `ngRepeat`
+ *  - **'self'**
+ *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
+ *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
+ *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
+ *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
+ *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
+ *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
+ *      match themselves.
+ *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
+ *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and '`;`'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
+ *      for matching resource URL lists.
+ *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
+ *      appropriate for use in a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
+ *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
+ *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
+ *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
+ *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
+ *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
+ *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
+ *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
+ *      have good test coverage).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
+ *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
+ *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
+ *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
+ *      as a last resort.
+ *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
+ *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
+ *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
+ *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
+ *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
+ *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
+ *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
+ *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
+ *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
+ *      enough before coding your own.  E.g. Ruby has
+ *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
+ *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
+ *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
+ *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
+ *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
  *
- * The example below demonstrates a simple {@link ngRepeat ngRepeat}, where the data is sorted by
- * age in descending order (expression is set to `'-age'`). The `comparator` is not set, which means
- * it defaults to the built-in comparator.
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
  *
-   <example name="orderBy-static" module="orderByExample1">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <table class="friends">
-           <tr>
-             <th>Name</th>
-             <th>Phone Number</th>
-             <th>Age</th>
-           </tr>
-           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'-age'">
-             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
-           </tr>
-         </table>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample1', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
-             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
-             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
-             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
-             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
-           ];
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
-
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var names = element.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
-
-       it('should sort friends by age in reverse order', function() {
-         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Julie');
-         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
-         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
-         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('John');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- * <hr />
+ * ### Show me an example using SCE.
+ *
+ * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js" name="sce-service">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
+ *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
+ *     <b>User comments</b><br>
+ *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
+ *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
+ *     exploit.
+ *     <div class="well">
+ *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
+ *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
+ *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
+ *         <br>
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="script.js">
+ *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
+ *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
+ *       function AppController($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
+ *         var self = this;
+ *         $http.get('test_data.json', {cache: $templateCache}).then(function(response) {
+ *           self.userComments = response.data;
+ *         });
+ *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
+ *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *       }]);
+ * </file>
  *
- * @example
- * ### Changing parameters dynamically
+ * <file name="test_data.json">
+ * [
+ *   { "name": "Alice",
+ *     "htmlComment":
+ *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
+ *   },
+ *   { "name": "Bob",
+ *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
+ *   }
+ * ]
+ * </file>
  *
- * All parameters can be changed dynamically. The next example shows how you can make the columns of
- * a table sortable, by binding the `expression` and `reverse` parameters to scope properties.
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
+ *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getAttribute('innerHTML'))
+ *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
+ *     });
  *
-   <example name="orderBy-dynamic" module="orderByExample2">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
-         <hr/>
-         <button ng-click="propertyName = null; reverse = false">Set to unsorted</button>
-         <hr/>
-         <table class="friends">
-           <tr>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-           </tr>
-           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:propertyName:reverse">
-             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
-           </tr>
-         </table>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample2', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           var friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
-             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
-             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
-             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
-             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
-           ];
+ *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getAttribute('innerHTML')).toBe(
+ *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
+ *
+ * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
+ * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
+ * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
+ * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
+ * you're migrating them a module at a time. Also do note that this is an app-wide setting, so if
+ * you are writing a library, you will cause security bugs applications using it.
+ *
+ * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
+ *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
+ *   // Do not use in new projects or libraries.
+ *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ */
 
-           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
-           $scope.reverse = true;
-           $scope.friends = friends;
+function $SceProvider() {
+  var enabled = true;
 
-           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
-             $scope.reverse = ($scope.propertyName === propertyName) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
-             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE application-wide.
+   * @return {boolean} True if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
+   */
+  this.enabled = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      enabled = !!value;
+    }
+    return enabled;
+  };
+
+
+  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
+   *
+   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
+   * -------------------------------------
+   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
+   *
+   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
+   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
+   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
+   *
+   * - valueOf(value)
+   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
+   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
+   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
+   *     such a value.
+   *
+   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This function should return the value that is safe to use in the context specified by
+   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
+   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
+   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
+   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
+   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
+   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
+   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
+   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
+   *
+   *
+   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
+   * ------------------------------------------------
+   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
+   * is purely an implementation details.
+   *
+   * The contract is simply this:
+   *
+   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
+   *     will also succeed.
+   *
+   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way. In some future, we may not use
+   * inheritance anymore. That is OK because no code outside of sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to
+   * be aware of this detail.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sceDelegate', function(
+                $parse,   $sceDelegate) {
+    // Support: IE 9-11 only
+    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE<11 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE < 11 allow
+    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
+    if (enabled && msie < 8) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
+        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks ' +
+        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
+        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
+    }
+
+    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#isEnabled
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @return {Boolean} True if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
+     *     have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
+     */
+    sce.isEnabled = function() {
+      return enabled;
+    };
+    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
+    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
+    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
+
+    if (!enabled) {
+      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
+      sce.valueOf = identity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Converts AngularJS {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
+     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
+     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
+     * *result*)}
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The SCE context in which this result will be used.
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
+    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
+      var parsed = $parse(expr);
+      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
+        return parsed;
+      } else {
+        return $parse(expr, function(value) {
+          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}. As such, returns a
+     * wrapped object that represents your value, and the trust you have in its safety for the given
+     * context. AngularJS can then use that value as-is in bindings of the specified secure context.
+     * This is used in bindings for `ng-bind-html`, `ng-include`, and most `src` attribute
+     * interpolations. See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for strict contextual escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is safe for use, e.g. `$sce.URL`,
+     *     `$sce.RESOURCE_URL`, `$sce.HTML`, `$sce.JS` or `$sce.CSS`.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in the context you specified.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.HTML` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.HTML` context (like `ng-bind-html`).
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.CSS` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant
+     *     of your `value` in `$sce.CSS` context. This context is currently unused, so there are
+     *     almost no reasons to use this function so far.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.URL` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.URL` context. That context is currently unused, so there are almost no reasons
+     *     to use this function so far.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context (template URLs in `ng-include`, most `src` attribute
+     *     bindings, ...)
+     */
 
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to mark as trusted for `$sce.JS` context.
+     * @return {*} A wrapped version of value that can be used as a trusted variant of your `value`
+     *     in `$sce.JS` context. That context is currently unused, so there are almost no reasons to
+     *     use this function so far.
+     */
 
-       .sortorder:after {
-         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-       .sortorder.reverse:after {
-         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
-       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
-       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
-       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
-       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
-       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
+     * takes any input, and either returns a value that's safe to use in the specified context,
+     * or throws an exception. This function is aware of trusted values created by the `trustAs`
+     * function and its shorthands, and when contexts are appropriate, returns the unwrapped value
+     * as-is. Finally, this function can also throw when there is no way to turn `maybeTrusted` in a
+     * safe value (e.g., no sanitization is available or possible.)
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs
+     *     `$sce.trustAs`} call, or anything else (which will not be considered trusted.)
+     * @return {*} A version of the value that's safe to use in the given context, or throws an
+     *     exception if this is impossible.
+     */
 
-       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
+     */
 
-         phoneHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
+     */
 
-         nameHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
+     */
 
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-       });
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
+     */
 
-       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @return {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
+     */
 
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-       });
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-         unsortButton.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- * <hr />
- *
- * @example
- * ### Using `orderBy` inside a controller
- *
- * It is also possible to call the `orderBy` filter manually, by injecting `orderByFilter`, and
- * calling it with the desired parameters. (Alternatively, you could inject the `$filter` factory
- * and retrieve the `orderBy` filter with `$filter('orderBy')`.)
- *
-   <example name="orderBy-call-manually" module="orderByExample3">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
-         <hr/>
-         <button ng-click="sortBy(null)">Set to unsorted</button>
-         <hr/>
-         <table class="friends">
-           <tr>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-             <th>
-               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
-               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
-             </th>
-           </tr>
-           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
-             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
-           </tr>
-         </table>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample3', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', 'orderByFilter', function($scope, orderBy) {
-           var friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
-             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
-             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
-             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
-             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
-           ];
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
-           $scope.reverse = true;
-           $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @return {function(context, locals)} A function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the
+     *      strings are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values
+     *      in `context`.
+     */
 
-           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
-             $scope.reverse = (propertyName !== null && $scope.propertyName === propertyName)
-                 ? !$scope.reverse : false;
-             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
-             $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
+    // Shorthand delegations.
+    var parse = sce.parseAs,
+        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
+        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
+
+    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function(enumValue, name) {
+      var lName = lowercase(name);
+      sce[snakeToCamel('parse_as_' + lName)] = function(expr) {
+        return parse(enumValue, expr);
+      };
+      sce[snakeToCamel('get_trusted_' + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
+      };
+      sce[snakeToCamel('trust_as_' + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
+      };
+    });
 
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
+    return sce;
+  }];
+}
 
-       .sortorder:after {
-         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-       .sortorder.reverse:after {
-         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
-       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
-       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
-       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
-       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
-       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+/* exported $SnifferProvider */
 
-       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+/**
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
+ *
+ * @name $sniffer
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ * @this
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
+ * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
+ * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
+ */
+function $SnifferProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
+    var eventSupport = {},
+        // Chrome Packaged Apps are not allowed to access `history.pushState`.
+        // If not sandboxed, they can be detected by the presence of `chrome.app.runtime`
+        // (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/api_index). If sandboxed, they can be detected by
+        // the presence of an extension runtime ID and the absence of other Chrome runtime APIs
+        // (see https://developer.chrome.com/apps/manifest/sandbox).
+        // (NW.js apps have access to Chrome APIs, but do support `history`.)
+        isNw = $window.nw && $window.nw.process,
+        isChromePackagedApp =
+            !isNw &&
+            $window.chrome &&
+            ($window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.app.runtime ||
+                !$window.chrome.app && $window.chrome.runtime && $window.chrome.runtime.id),
+        hasHistoryPushState = !isChromePackagedApp && $window.history && $window.history.pushState,
+        android =
+          toInt((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
+        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
+        document = $document[0] || {},
+        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
+        transitions = false,
+        animations = false;
 
-         phoneHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
+    if (bodyStyle) {
+      // Support: Android <5, Blackberry Browser 10, default Chrome in Android 4.4.x
+      // Mentioned browsers need a -webkit- prefix for transitions & animations.
+      transitions = !!('transition' in bodyStyle || 'webkitTransition' in bodyStyle);
+      animations = !!('animation' in bodyStyle || 'webkitAnimation' in bodyStyle);
+    }
 
-         nameHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
 
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-       });
+    return {
+      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
+      // so let's not use the history API at all.
+      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
+      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
 
-       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
+      // so let's not use the history API also
+      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
+      history: !!(hasHistoryPushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
+      hasEvent: function(event) {
+        // Support: IE 9-11 only
+        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
+        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
+        // when cut operation is performed.
+        // IE10+ implements 'input' event but it erroneously fires under various situations,
+        // e.g. when placeholder changes, or a form is focused.
+        if (event === 'input' && msie) return false;
 
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
+          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
+          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
+        }
 
-         ageHeader.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
-       });
+        return eventSupport[event];
+      },
+      csp: csp(),
+      transitions: transitions,
+      animations: animations,
+      android: android
+    };
+  }];
+}
 
-       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+var $templateRequestMinErr = minErr('$templateRequest');
 
-         unsortButton.click();
-         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- * <hr />
- *
- * @example
- * ### Using a custom comparator
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $templateRequestProvider
+ * @this
  *
- * If you have very specific requirements about the way items are sorted, you can pass your own
- * comparator function. For example, you might need to compare some strings in a locale-sensitive
- * way. (When specifying a custom comparator, you also need to pass a value for the `reverse`
- * argument - passing `false` retains the default sorting order, i.e. ascending.)
+ * @description
+ * Used to configure the options passed to the {@link $http} service when making a template request.
  *
-   <example name="orderBy-custom-comparator" module="orderByExample4">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <div class="friends-container custom-comparator">
-           <h3>Locale-sensitive Comparator</h3>
-           <table class="friends">
-             <tr>
-               <th>Name</th>
-               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
-             </tr>
-             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter':false:localeSensitiveComparator">
-               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
-             </tr>
-           </table>
-         </div>
-         <div class="friends-container default-comparator">
-           <h3>Default Comparator</h3>
-           <table class="friends">
-             <tr>
-               <th>Name</th>
-               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
-             </tr>
-             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter'">
-               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
-             </tr>
-           </table>
-         </div>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample4', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.friends = [
-             {name: 'John',   favoriteLetter: 'Ä'},
-             {name: 'Mary',   favoriteLetter: 'Ü'},
-             {name: 'Mike',   favoriteLetter: 'Ö'},
-             {name: 'Adam',   favoriteLetter: 'H'},
-             {name: 'Julie',  favoriteLetter: 'Z'}
-           ];
-
-           $scope.localeSensitiveComparator = function(v1, v2) {
-             // If we don't get strings, just compare by index
-             if (v1.type !== 'string' || v2.type !== 'string') {
-               return (v1.index < v2.index) ? -1 : 1;
-             }
+ * For example, it can be used for specifying the "Accept" header that is sent to the server, when
+ * requesting a template.
+ */
+function $TemplateRequestProvider() {
 
-             // Compare strings alphabetically, taking locale into account
-             return v1.value.localeCompare(v2.value);
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .friends-container {
-         display: inline-block;
-         margin: 0 30px;
-       }
+  var httpOptions;
 
-       .friends {
-         border-collapse: collapse;
-       }
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions
+   * @description
+   * The options to be passed to the {@link $http} service when making the request.
+   * You can use this to override options such as the "Accept" header for template requests.
+   *
+   * The {@link $templateRequest} will set the `cache` and the `transformResponse` properties of the
+   * options if not overridden here.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value for the {@link $http} options.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the {@link $http} options when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.httpOptions = function(val) {
+    if (val) {
+      httpOptions = val;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return httpOptions;
+  };
 
-       .friends th {
-         border-bottom: 1px solid;
-       }
-       .friends td, .friends th {
-         border-left: 1px solid;
-         padding: 5px 10px;
-       }
-       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
-         border-left: none;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       // Element locators
-       var container = element(by.css('.custom-comparator'));
-       var names = container.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $templateRequest
+   *
+   * @description
+   * The `$templateRequest` service runs security checks then downloads the provided template using
+   * `$http` and, upon success, stores the contents inside of `$templateCache`. If the HTTP request
+   * fails or the response data of the HTTP request is empty, a `$compile` error will be thrown (the
+   * exception can be thwarted by setting the 2nd parameter of the function to true). Note that the
+   * contents of `$templateCache` are trusted, so the call to `$sce.getTrustedUrl(tpl)` is omitted
+   * when `tpl` is of type string and `$templateCache` has the matching entry.
+   *
+   * If you want to pass custom options to the `$http` service, such as setting the Accept header you
+   * can configure this via {@link $templateRequestProvider#httpOptions}.
+   *
+   * `$templateRequest` is used internally by {@link $compile}, {@link ngRoute.$route}, and directives such
+   * as {@link ngInclude} to download and cache templates.
+   *
+   * 3rd party modules should use `$templateRequest` if their services or directives are loading
+   * templates.
+   *
+   * @param {string|TrustedResourceUrl} tpl The HTTP request template URL
+   * @param {boolean=} ignoreRequestError Whether or not to ignore the exception when the request fails or the template is empty
+   *
+   * @return {Promise} a promise for the HTTP response data of the given URL.
+   *
+   * @property {number} totalPendingRequests total amount of pending template requests being downloaded.
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$exceptionHandler', '$templateCache', '$http', '$q', '$sce',
+    function($exceptionHandler, $templateCache, $http, $q, $sce) {
 
-       it('should sort friends by favorite letter (in correct alphabetical order)', function() {
-         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('John');
-         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Adam');
-         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
-         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
-         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('Julie');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- *
- */
-orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
-function orderByFilter($parse) {
-  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder, compareFn) {
+      function handleRequestFn(tpl, ignoreRequestError) {
+        handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests++;
 
-    if (array == null) return array;
-    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
-      throw minErr('orderBy')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
-    }
+        // We consider the template cache holds only trusted templates, so
+        // there's no need to go through adding the template again to the trusted
+        // resources for keys that already are included in there. This also makes
+        // AngularJS accept any script directive, no matter its name. However, we
+        // still need to unwrap trusted types.
+        if (!isString(tpl) || isUndefined($templateCache.get(tpl))) {
+          tpl = $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(tpl);
+        }
 
-    if (!isArray(sortPredicate)) { sortPredicate = [sortPredicate]; }
-    if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
+        var transformResponse = $http.defaults && $http.defaults.transformResponse;
 
-    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate);
+        if (isArray(transformResponse)) {
+          transformResponse = transformResponse.filter(function(transformer) {
+            return transformer !== defaultHttpResponseTransform;
+          });
+        } else if (transformResponse === defaultHttpResponseTransform) {
+          transformResponse = null;
+        }
+
+        return $http.get(tpl, extend({
+            cache: $templateCache,
+            transformResponse: transformResponse
+          }, httpOptions))
+          .finally(function() {
+            handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests--;
+          })
+          .then(function(response) {
+            return $templateCache.put(tpl, response.data);
+          }, handleError);
+
+        function handleError(resp) {
+          if (!ignoreRequestError) {
+            resp = $templateRequestMinErr('tpload',
+                'Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})',
+                tpl, resp.status, resp.statusText);
+
+            $exceptionHandler(resp);
+          }
 
-    var descending = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
+          return $q.reject(resp);
+        }
+      }
 
-    // Define the `compare()` function. Use a default comparator if none is specified.
-    var compare = isFunction(compareFn) ? compareFn : defaultCompare;
+      handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests = 0;
 
-    // The next three lines are a version of a Swartzian Transform idiom from Perl
-    // (sometimes called the Decorate-Sort-Undecorate idiom)
-    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform
-    var compareValues = Array.prototype.map.call(array, getComparisonObject);
-    compareValues.sort(doComparison);
-    array = compareValues.map(function(item) { return item.value; });
+      return handleRequestFn;
+    }
+  ];
+}
 
-    return array;
+/** @this */
+function $$TestabilityProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$location',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $location) {
 
-    function getComparisonObject(value, index) {
-      // NOTE: We are adding an extra `tieBreaker` value based on the element's index.
-      // This will be used to keep the sort stable when none of the input predicates can
-      // distinguish between two elements.
-      return {
-        value: value,
-        tieBreaker: {value: index, type: 'number', index: index},
-        predicateValues: predicates.map(function(predicate) {
-          return getPredicateValue(predicate.get(value), index);
-        })
-      };
-    }
+    /**
+     * @name $testability
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The private $$testability service provides a collection of methods for use when debugging
+     * or by automated test and debugging tools.
+     */
+    var testability = {};
 
-    function doComparison(v1, v2) {
-      for (var i = 0, ii = predicates.length; i < ii; i++) {
-        var result = compare(v1.predicateValues[i], v2.predicateValues[i]);
-        if (result) {
-          return result * predicates[i].descending * descending;
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findBindings
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are bound (via ng-bind or {{}})
+     * to expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The binding expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression. Filters and whitespace are ignored.
+     */
+    testability.findBindings = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var bindings = element.getElementsByClassName('ng-binding');
+      var matches = [];
+      forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
+        var dataBinding = angular.element(binding).data('$binding');
+        if (dataBinding) {
+          forEach(dataBinding, function(bindingName) {
+            if (opt_exactMatch) {
+              var matcher = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeForRegexp(expression) + '(\\s|\\||$)');
+              if (matcher.test(bindingName)) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (bindingName.indexOf(expression) !== -1) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      });
+      return matches;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findModels
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are two-way found via ng-model to
+     * expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The model expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression.
+     */
+    testability.findModels = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var prefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng\\:'];
+      for (var p = 0; p < prefixes.length; ++p) {
+        var attributeEquals = opt_exactMatch ? '=' : '*=';
+        var selector = '[' + prefixes[p] + 'model' + attributeEquals + '"' + expression + '"]';
+        var elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
+        if (elements.length) {
+          return elements;
         }
       }
+    };
 
-      return compare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker) * descending;
-    }
-  };
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#getLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for getting the location in a browser agnostic way. Returns
+     *     the path, search, and hash. (e.g. /path?a=b#hash)
+     */
+    testability.getLocation = function() {
+      return $location.url();
+    };
 
-  function processPredicates(sortPredicates) {
-    return sortPredicates.map(function(predicate) {
-      var descending = 1, get = identity;
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#setLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for navigating to a location without doing a full page reload.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url The location url (path, search and hash,
+     *     e.g. /path?a=b#hash) to go to.
+     */
+    testability.setLocation = function(url) {
+      if (url !== $location.url()) {
+        $location.url(url);
+        $rootScope.$digest();
+      }
+    };
 
-      if (isFunction(predicate)) {
-        get = predicate;
-      } else if (isString(predicate)) {
-        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
-          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-' ? -1 : 1;
-          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
-        }
-        if (predicate !== '') {
-          get = $parse(predicate);
-          if (get.constant) {
-            var key = get();
-            get = function(value) { return value[key]; };
-          }
-        }
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#whenStable
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Calls the callback when all pending tasks are completed.
+     *
+     * Types of tasks waited for include:
+     * - Pending timeouts (via {@link $timeout}).
+     * - Pending HTTP requests (via {@link $http}).
+     * - In-progress route transitions (via {@link $route}).
+     * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link $rootScope#$applyAsync}.
+     * - Pending tasks scheduled via {@link $rootScope#$evalAsync}.
+     *   These include tasks scheduled via `$evalAsync()` indirectly (such as {@link $q} promises).
+     *
+     * @param {function} callback
+     */
+    testability.whenStable = function(callback) {
+      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(callback);
+    };
+
+    return testability;
+  }];
+}
+
+var $timeoutMinErr = minErr('$timeout');
+
+/** @this */
+function $TimeoutProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
+
+    var deferreds = {};
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $timeout
+     *
+     * @description
+     * AngularJS's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
+     * block and delegates any exceptions to
+     * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+     *
+     * The return value of calling `$timeout` is a promise, which will be resolved when
+     * the delay has passed and the timeout function, if provided, is executed.
+     *
+     * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
+     *
+     * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
+     * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
+     *
+     * If you only want a promise that will be resolved after some specified delay
+     * then you can call `$timeout` without the `fn` function.
+     *
+     * @param {function()=} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
+     * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
+     * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+     *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+     * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
+     * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The promise
+     *   will be resolved with the return value of the `fn` function.
+     *
+     */
+    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
+      if (!isFunction(fn)) {
+        invokeApply = delay;
+        delay = fn;
+        fn = noop;
       }
-      return {get: get, descending: descending};
-    });
-  }
 
-  function isPrimitive(value) {
-    switch (typeof value) {
-      case 'number': /* falls through */
-      case 'boolean': /* falls through */
-      case 'string':
-        return true;
-      default:
-        return false;
-    }
-  }
+      var args = sliceArgs(arguments, 3),
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          timeoutId;
 
-  function objectValue(value) {
-    // If `valueOf` is a valid function use that
-    if (isFunction(value.valueOf)) {
-      value = value.valueOf();
-      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
-    }
-    // If `toString` is a valid function and not the one from `Object.prototype` use that
-    if (hasCustomToString(value)) {
-      value = value.toString();
-      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
-    }
+      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
+        try {
+          deferred.resolve(fn.apply(null, args));
+        } catch (e) {
+          deferred.reject(e);
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        }
 
-    return value;
-  }
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+      }, delay, '$timeout');
 
-  function getPredicateValue(value, index) {
-    var type = typeof value;
-    if (value === null) {
-      type = 'string';
-      value = 'null';
-    } else if (type === 'object') {
-      value = objectValue(value);
+      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
+      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
     }
-    return {value: value, type: type, index: index};
-  }
 
-  function defaultCompare(v1, v2) {
-    var result = 0;
-    var type1 = v1.type;
-    var type2 = v2.type;
 
-    if (type1 === type2) {
-      var value1 = v1.value;
-      var value2 = v2.value;
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $timeout#cancel
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
+     * resolved with a rejection.
+     *
+     * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+     *   canceled.
+     */
+    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (!promise) return false;
 
-      if (type1 === 'string') {
-        // Compare strings case-insensitively
-        value1 = value1.toLowerCase();
-        value2 = value2.toLowerCase();
-      } else if (type1 === 'object') {
-        // For basic objects, use the position of the object
-        // in the collection instead of the value
-        if (isObject(value1)) value1 = v1.index;
-        if (isObject(value2)) value2 = v2.index;
+      if (!promise.hasOwnProperty('$$timeoutId')) {
+        throw $timeoutMinErr('badprom',
+            '`$timeout.cancel()` called with a promise that was not generated by `$timeout()`.');
       }
 
-      if (value1 !== value2) {
-        result = value1 < value2 ? -1 : 1;
-      }
-    } else {
-      result = type1 < type2 ? -1 : 1;
-    }
+      if (!deferreds.hasOwnProperty(promise.$$timeoutId)) return false;
 
-    return result;
-  }
-}
+      var id = promise.$$timeoutId;
+      var deferred = deferreds[id];
 
-function ngDirective(directive) {
-  if (isFunction(directive)) {
-    directive = {
-      link: directive
+      // Timeout cancels should not report an unhandled promise.
+      markQExceptionHandled(deferred.promise);
+      deferred.reject('canceled');
+      delete deferreds[id];
+
+      return $browser.defer.cancel(id);
     };
-  }
-  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
-  return valueFn(directive);
+
+    return timeout;
+  }];
 }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name a
- * @restrict E
- *
- * @description
- * Modifies the default behavior of the html A tag so that the default action is prevented when
- * the href attribute is empty.
- *
- * This change permits the easy creation of action links with the `ngClick` directive
- * without changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
- * `<a href="" ng-click="list.addItem()">Add Item</a>`
- */
-var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
-  restrict: 'E',
-  compile: function(element, attr) {
-    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref) {
-      return function(scope, element) {
-        // If the linked element is not an anchor tag anymore, do nothing
-        if (element[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'a') return;
+// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
+// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
+// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
+// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
+// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
+// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
+// service.
+var urlParsingNode = window.document.createElement('a');
+var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href);
+var baseUrlParsingNode;
 
-        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
-        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
-                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
-        element.on('click', function(event) {
-          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
-          if (!element.attr(href)) {
-            event.preventDefault();
-          }
-        });
-      };
-    }
-  }
-});
+urlParsingNode.href = 'http://[::1]';
+
+// Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 16-17 only (fixed in 18 Preview)
+// IE/Edge don't wrap IPv6 addresses' hostnames in square brackets
+// when parsed out of an anchor element.
+var ipv6InBrackets = urlParsingNode.hostname === '[::1]';
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngHref
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 99
  *
- * @description
- * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
- * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
- * Angular has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
- * value. Until Angular replaces the markup the link will be broken
- * and will most likely return a 404 error. The `ngHref` directive
- * solves this problem.
+ * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
+ * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
+ * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
+ * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
+ * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
+ * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+ etc.  See
+ * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
  *
- * The wrong way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
- * ```
+ * Implementation Notes for IE
+ * ---------------------------
+ * IE <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
+ * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
+ * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
+ * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
+ * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
+ * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
  *
- * The correct way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
- * ```
+ * References:
+ *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
+ *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+ *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
+ *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
  *
- * @element A
- * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ * @kind function
+ * @param {string|object} url The URL to be parsed. If `url` is not a string, it will be returned
+ *     unchanged.
+ * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
+ * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
  *
- * @example
- * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
- * in links and their different behaviors:
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
-        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
-        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
-        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
-        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
-        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
-        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
-        });
-
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
-        });
-
-        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
-          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);
-
-          element(by.id('link-3')).click();
-
-          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
-          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
-
-          browser.wait(function() {
-            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
-              return url.match(/\/123$/);
-            });
-          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
-        });
+ *   | member name   | Description                                                            |
+ *   |---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
+ *   | protocol      | The protocol without the trailing colon                                |
+ *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
+ *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
+ *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol                                 |
+ *   | hostname      | The hostname                                                           |
+ *   | port          | The port, without ":"                                                  |
+ *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"                                       |
+ *
+ */
+function urlResolve(url) {
+  if (!isString(url)) return url;
 
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
-        });
+  var href = url;
 
-        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
-          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
-          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
-        });
+  // Support: IE 9-11 only
+  if (msie) {
+    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
+    // done in two steps on IE.
+    urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+    href = urlParsingNode.href;
+  }
 
-        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
-          element(by.model('value')).clear();
-          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
-          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);
+  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
 
-          element(by.id('link-6')).click();
+  var hostname = urlParsingNode.hostname;
 
-          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
-          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
-          browser.wait(function() {
-            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
-              return url.match(/\/6$/);
-            });
-          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
+  if (!ipv6InBrackets && hostname.indexOf(':') > -1) {
+    hostname = '[' + hostname + ']';
+  }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSrc
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 99
- *
- * @description
- * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
- * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
- * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
- * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
- *
- * The buggy way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description"/>
- * ```
- *
- * The correct way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description" />
- * ```
- *
- * @element IMG
- * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
- */
+  return {
+    href: urlParsingNode.href,
+    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+    host: urlParsingNode.host,
+    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+    hostname: hostname,
+    port: urlParsingNode.port,
+    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
+      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
+      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+  };
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSrcset
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 99
- *
- * @description
- * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
- * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
- * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
- * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
- *
- * The buggy way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description"/>
- * ```
- *
- * The correct way to write it:
- * ```html
- * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description" />
- * ```
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application
+ * document.
  *
- * @element IMG
- * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
  */
+function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
+  return urlsAreSameOrigin(requestUrl, originUrl);
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngDisabled
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
- *
- * @description
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether it is same-origin as the current document base URL.
  *
- * This directive sets the `disabled` attribute on the element if the
- * {@link guide/expression expression} inside `ngDisabled` evaluates to truthy.
+ * Note: The base URL is usually the same as the document location (`location.href`) but can
+ * be overriden by using the `<base>` tag.
  *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `disabled`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the URL is same-origin as the document base URL.
+ */
+function urlIsSameOriginAsBaseUrl(requestUrl) {
+  return urlsAreSameOrigin(requestUrl, getBaseUrl());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a function that can check a URL's origin against a list of allowed/trusted origins.
+ * The current location's origin is implicitly trusted.
  *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
-        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should toggle button', function() {
-          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('checked')).click();
-          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
+ * @param {string[]} trustedOriginUrls - A list of URLs (strings), whose origins are trusted.
  *
- * @element INPUT
- * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then the `disabled` attribute will be set on the element
+ * @returns {Function} - A function that receives a URL (string or parsed URL object) and returns
+ *     whether it is of an allowed origin.
  */
+function urlIsAllowedOriginFactory(trustedOriginUrls) {
+  var parsedAllowedOriginUrls = [originUrl].concat(trustedOriginUrls.map(urlResolve));
 
+  /**
+   * Check whether the specified URL (string or parsed URL object) has an origin that is allowed
+   * based on a list of trusted-origin URLs. The current location's origin is implicitly
+   * trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} requestUrl - The URL to be checked (provided as a string that will be
+   *     resolved or a parsed URL object).
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean} - Whether the specified URL is of an allowed origin.
+   */
+  return function urlIsAllowedOrigin(requestUrl) {
+    var parsedUrl = urlResolve(requestUrl);
+    return parsedAllowedOriginUrls.some(urlsAreSameOrigin.bind(null, parsedUrl));
+  };
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngChecked
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
+ * Determine if two URLs share the same origin.
  *
- * @description
- * Sets the `checked` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngChecked` is truthy.
- *
- * Note that this directive should not be used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`},
- * as this can lead to unexpected behavior.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `checked`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
- *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="master"></label><br/>
-        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng-checked="master" aria-label="Slave input">
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
-          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('master')).click();
-          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
+ * @param {string|Object} url1 - First URL to compare as a string or a normalized URL in the form of
+ *     a dictionary object returned by `urlResolve()`.
+ * @param {string|object} url2 - Second URL to compare as a string or a normalized URL in the form
+ *     of a dictionary object returned by `urlResolve()`.
  *
- * @element INPUT
- * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then the `checked` attribute will be set on the element
+ * @returns {boolean} - True if both URLs have the same origin, and false otherwise.
  */
+function urlsAreSameOrigin(url1, url2) {
+  url1 = urlResolve(url1);
+  url2 = urlResolve(url2);
 
+  return (url1.protocol === url2.protocol &&
+          url1.host === url2.host);
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngReadonly
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
+ * Returns the current document base URL.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function getBaseUrl() {
+  if (window.document.baseURI) {
+    return window.document.baseURI;
+  }
+
+  // `document.baseURI` is available everywhere except IE
+  if (!baseUrlParsingNode) {
+    baseUrlParsingNode = window.document.createElement('a');
+    baseUrlParsingNode.href = '.';
+
+    // Work-around for IE bug described in Implementation Notes. The fix in `urlResolve()` is not
+    // suitable here because we need to track changes to the base URL.
+    baseUrlParsingNode = baseUrlParsingNode.cloneNode(false);
+  }
+  return baseUrlParsingNode.href;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $window
+ * @this
  *
  * @description
+ * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
+ * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
+ * it is a global variable. In AngularJS we always refer to it through the
+ * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
  *
- * Sets the `readonly` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngReadonly` is truthy.
- * Note that `readonly` applies only to `input` elements with specific types. [See the input docs on
- * MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-readonly) for more information.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `readonly`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
+ * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
+ * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
+ * expression.
  *
  * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
-        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm Angular" aria-label="Readonly field" />
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
-          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('checked')).click();
-          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- *
- * @element INPUT
- * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
+   <example module="windowExample" name="window-service">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('windowExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function($scope, $window) {
+             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
+             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
+               $window.alert(greeting);
+             };
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" aria-label="greeting" />
+         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
+       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
+       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
+       // element(':button').click();
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
  */
-
+function $WindowProvider() {
+  this.$get = valueFn(window);
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSelected
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
+ * @name $$cookieReader
+ * @requires $document
  *
  * @description
+ * This is a private service for reading cookies used by $http and ngCookies
  *
- * Sets the `selected` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngSelected` is truthy.
+ * @return {Object} a key/value map of the current cookies
+ */
+function $$CookieReader($document) {
+  var rawDocument = $document[0] || {};
+  var lastCookies = {};
+  var lastCookieString = '';
+
+  function safeGetCookie(rawDocument) {
+    try {
+      return rawDocument.cookie || '';
+    } catch (e) {
+      return '';
+    }
+  }
+
+  function safeDecodeURIComponent(str) {
+    try {
+      return decodeURIComponent(str);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return str;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return function() {
+    var cookieArray, cookie, i, index, name;
+    var currentCookieString = safeGetCookie(rawDocument);
+
+    if (currentCookieString !== lastCookieString) {
+      lastCookieString = currentCookieString;
+      cookieArray = lastCookieString.split('; ');
+      lastCookies = {};
+
+      for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
+        cookie = cookieArray[i];
+        index = cookie.indexOf('=');
+        if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
+          name = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
+          // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
+          // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
+          // follow are for less specific paths.
+          if (isUndefined(lastCookies[name])) {
+            lastCookies[name] = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return lastCookies;
+  };
+}
+
+$$CookieReader.$inject = ['$document'];
+
+/** @this */
+function $$CookieReaderProvider() {
+  this.$get = $$CookieReader;
+}
+
+/* global currencyFilter: true,
+ dateFilter: true,
+ filterFilter: true,
+ jsonFilter: true,
+ limitToFilter: true,
+ lowercaseFilter: true,
+ numberFilter: true,
+ orderByFilter: true,
+ uppercaseFilter: true,
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $filterProvider
+ * @description
  *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `selected`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
+ * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
+ * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- *   **Note:** `ngSelected` does not interact with the `select` and `ngModel` directives, it only
- *   sets the `selected` attribute on the element. If you are using `ngModel` on the select, you
- *   should not use `ngSelected` on the options, as `ngModel` will set the select value and
- *   selected options.
+ * **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+ * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+ * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+ * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
  * </div>
  *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <label>Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"></label><br/>
-        <select aria-label="ngSelected demo">
-          <option>Hello!</option>
-          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
-        </select>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
-          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
-          element(by.model('selected')).click();
-          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
+ * ```js
+ *   // Filter registration
+ *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
+ *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
+ *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
+ *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // register a filter factory which uses the
+ *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
+ *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
+ *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
+ *       // to generate salutation
+ *       return function(text) {
+ *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
+ *         return text && greet(text) || text;
+ *       };
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
+ * `Filter`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
+ *     function($filterProvider) {
+ *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
+ *         return ...;
+ *       });
+ *     },
+ *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
+ *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
+ *     });
+ * ```
+ *
  *
- * @element OPTION
- * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
+ * For more information about how AngularJS filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
+ * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the AngularJS Developer Guide.
  */
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngOpen
- * @restrict A
- * @priority 100
- *
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $filter
+ * @kind function
  * @description
+ * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
  *
- * Sets the `open` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngOpen` is truthy.
- *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `open`
- * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ * They can be used in view templates, controllers or services. AngularJS comes
+ * with a collection of [built-in filters](api/ng/filter), but it is easy to
+ * define your own as well.
  *
- * ## A note about browser compatibility
+ * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
  *
- * Edge, Firefox, and Internet Explorer do not support the `details` element, it is
- * recommended to use {@link ng.ngShow} and {@link ng.ngHide} instead.
+ * ```html
+ * {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
+ * ```
  *
+ * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
+ * @return {Function} the filter function
  * @example
-     <example>
-       <file name="index.html">
-         <label>Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"></label><br/>
-         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
-            <summary>Show/Hide me</summary>
-         </details>
-       </file>
-       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-         it('should toggle open', function() {
-           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
-           element(by.model('open')).click();
-           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
-         });
-       </file>
-     </example>
- *
- * @element DETAILS
- * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
- *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
- */
-
-var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
-
-// boolean attrs are evaluated
-forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
-  // binding to multiple is not supported
-  if (propName == "multiple") return;
-
-  function defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
-    scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
-      attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
-    });
-  }
+   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
+        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
+       </div>
+     </file>
 
-  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
-  var linkFn = defaultLinkFn;
+     <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('filterExample', [])
+      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
+        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
+        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+  */
+$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
+/** @this */
+function $FilterProvider($provide) {
+  var suffix = 'Filter';
 
-  if (propName === 'checked') {
-    linkFn = function(scope, element, attr) {
-      // ensuring ngChecked doesn't interfere with ngModel when both are set on the same input
-      if (attr.ngModel !== attr[normalized]) {
-        defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr);
-      }
-    };
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $filterProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
+   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
+   *
+   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *    **Note:** Filter names must be valid AngularJS {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+   *    Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+   *    your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+   *    (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+   *    </div>
+    * @param {Function} factory If the first argument was a string, a factory function for the filter to be registered.
+   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
+   *    of the registered filter instances.
+   */
+  function register(name, factory) {
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      var filters = {};
+      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
+        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
+      });
+      return filters;
+    } else {
+      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
+    }
   }
+  this.register = register;
 
-  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
-    return {
-      restrict: 'A',
-      priority: 100,
-      link: linkFn
-    };
-  };
-});
-
-// aliased input attrs are evaluated
-forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
-  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
-    return {
-      priority: 100,
-      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
-        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
-        if (ngAttr === "ngPattern" && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) == "/") {
-          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
-          if (match) {
-            attr.$set("ngPattern", new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
-            return;
-          }
-        }
-
-        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
-          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
-        });
-      }
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+    return function(name) {
+      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
     };
-  };
-});
-
-// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
-forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
-  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
-  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
-    return {
-      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
-      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-        var propName = attrName,
-            name = attrName;
-
-        if (attrName === 'href' &&
-            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
-          name = 'xlinkHref';
-          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
-          propName = null;
-        }
-
-        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
-          if (!value) {
-            if (attrName === 'href') {
-              attr.$set(name, null);
-            }
-            return;
-          }
-
-          attr.$set(name, value);
+  }];
 
-          // on IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
-          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
-          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
-          // we use attr[attrName] value since $set can sanitize the url.
-          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
-        });
-      }
-    };
-  };
-});
+  ////////////////////////////////////////
 
-/* global -nullFormCtrl, -SUBMITTED_CLASS, addSetValidityMethod: true
- */
-var nullFormCtrl = {
-  $addControl: noop,
-  $$renameControl: nullFormRenameControl,
-  $removeControl: noop,
-  $setValidity: noop,
-  $setDirty: noop,
-  $setPristine: noop,
-  $setSubmitted: noop
-},
-SUBMITTED_CLASS = 'ng-submitted';
+  /* global
+    currencyFilter: false,
+    dateFilter: false,
+    filterFilter: false,
+    jsonFilter: false,
+    limitToFilter: false,
+    lowercaseFilter: false,
+    numberFilter: false,
+    orderByFilter: false,
+    uppercaseFilter: false
+  */
 
-function nullFormRenameControl(control, name) {
-  control.$name = name;
+  register('currency', currencyFilter);
+  register('date', dateFilter);
+  register('filter', filterFilter);
+  register('json', jsonFilter);
+  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
+  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
+  register('number', numberFilter);
+  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
+  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
 }
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name form.FormController
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name filter
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The source array.
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   **Note**: If the array contains objects that reference themselves, filtering is not possible.
+ * </div>
+ * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
+ *   `array`.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `string`: The string is used for matching against the contents of the `array`. All strings or
+ *     objects with string properties in `array` that match this string will be returned. This also
+ *     applies to nested object properties.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
+ *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
+ *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
+ *     property name (`$` by default) can be used (e.g. as in `{$: "text"}`) to accept a match
+ *     against any property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the
+ *     simple substring match with a `string` as described above. The special property name can be
+ *     overwritten, using the `anyPropertyKey` parameter.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
+ *     not containing "M".
  *
- * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
- * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
- * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
- * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
- * @property {boolean} $pending True if at least one containing control or form is pending.
- * @property {boolean} $submitted True if user has submitted the form even if its invalid.
+ *     Note that a named property will match properties on the same level only, while the special
+ *     `$` property will match properties on the same level or deeper. E.g. an array item like
+ *     `{name: {first: 'John', last: 'Doe'}}` will **not** be matched by `{name: 'John'}`, but
+ *     **will** be matched by `{$: 'John'}`.
  *
- * @property {Object} $error Is an object hash, containing references to controls or
- *  forms with failing validators, where:
+ *   - `function(value, index, array)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters.
+ *     The function is called for each element of the array, with the element, its index, and
+ *     the entire array itself as arguments.
  *
- *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
- *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a failing validator for given error name.
+ *     The final result is an array of those elements that the predicate returned true for.
  *
- *  Built-in validation tokens:
+ * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|false} [comparator] Comparator which is used in
+ *     determining if values retrieved using `expression` (when it is not a function) should be
+ *     considered a match based on the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual
+ *     value (from the object in the array).
  *
- *  - `email`
- *  - `max`
- *  - `maxlength`
- *  - `min`
- *  - `minlength`
- *  - `number`
- *  - `pattern`
- *  - `required`
- *  - `url`
- *  - `date`
- *  - `datetimelocal`
- *  - `time`
- *  - `week`
- *  - `month`
+ *   Can be one of:
  *
- * @description
- * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
- * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
+ *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
+ *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
+ *     should return true if both values should be considered equal.
  *
- * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
- * of `FormController`.
+ *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(actual, expected)}`.
+ *     This is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
  *
- */
-//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
-FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate', '$interpolate'];
-function FormController(element, attrs, $scope, $animate, $interpolate) {
-  var form = this,
-      controls = [];
+ *   - `false`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in a case
+ *     insensitive way. Primitive values are converted to strings. Objects are not compared against
+ *     primitives, unless they have a custom `toString` method (e.g. `Date` objects).
+ *
+ *
+ *   Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} [anyPropertyKey] The special property name that matches against any property.
+ *     By default `$`.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
+                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
+                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
+                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
+                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
+                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
 
-  // init state
-  form.$error = {};
-  form.$$success = {};
-  form.$pending = undefined;
-  form.$name = $interpolate(attrs.name || attrs.ngForm || '')($scope);
-  form.$dirty = false;
-  form.$pristine = true;
-  form.$valid = true;
-  form.$invalid = false;
-  form.$submitted = false;
-  form.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+       <label>Search: <input ng-model="searchText"></label>
+       <table id="searchTextResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
+           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+       <hr>
+       <label>Any: <input ng-model="search.$"></label> <br>
+       <label>Name only <input ng-model="search.name"></label><br>
+       <label>Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"></label><br>
+       <label>Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"></label><br>
+       <table id="searchObjResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
+           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
+         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
+           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
+             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
+           });
+         });
+       };
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
-   *
-   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
-   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
-   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
-   */
-  form.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$rollbackViewValue();
-    });
-  };
+       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
+         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('m');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
-   *
-   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
-   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
-   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
-   */
-  form.$commitViewValue = function() {
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$commitViewValue();
-    });
-  };
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('76');
+         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
+       });
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
-   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
-   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Register a control with the form. Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically
-   * when they are linked.
-   *
-   * Note that the current state of the control will not be reflected on the new parent form. This
-   * is not an issue with normal use, as freshly compiled and linked controls are in a `$pristine`
-   * state.
-   *
-   * However, if the method is used programmatically, for example by adding dynamically created controls,
-   * or controls that have been previously removed without destroying their corresponding DOM element,
-   * it's the developers responsibility to make sure the current state propagates to the parent form.
-   *
-   * For example, if an input control is added that is already `$dirty` and has `$error` properties,
-   * calling `$setDirty()` and `$validate()` afterwards will propagate the state to the parent form.
-   */
-  form.$addControl = function(control) {
-    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
-    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
-    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
-    controls.push(control);
+       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
+         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
+         searchAny.clear();
+         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
+         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
+         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
+         searchName.clear();
+         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
+         strict.click();
+         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
 
-    if (control.$name) {
-      form[control.$name] = control;
+function filterFilter() {
+  return function(array, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey) {
+    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
+      if (array == null) {
+        return array;
+      } else {
+        throw minErr('filter')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
+      }
     }
 
-    control.$$parentForm = form;
-  };
-
-  // Private API: rename a form control
-  form.$$renameControl = function(control, newName) {
-    var oldName = control.$name;
-
-    if (form[oldName] === control) {
-      delete form[oldName];
-    }
-    form[newName] = control;
-    control.$name = newName;
-  };
+    anyPropertyKey = anyPropertyKey || '$';
+    var expressionType = getTypeForFilter(expression);
+    var predicateFn;
+    var matchAgainstAnyProp;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
-   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
-   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Deregister a control from the form.
-   *
-   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
-   *
-   * Note that only the removed control's validation state (`$errors`etc.) will be removed from the
-   * form. `$dirty`, `$submitted` states will not be changed, because the expected behavior can be
-   * different from case to case. For example, removing the only `$dirty` control from a form may or
-   * may not mean that the form is still `$dirty`.
-   */
-  form.$removeControl = function(control) {
-    if (control.$name && form[control.$name] === control) {
-      delete form[control.$name];
+    switch (expressionType) {
+      case 'function':
+        predicateFn = expression;
+        break;
+      case 'boolean':
+      case 'null':
+      case 'number':
+      case 'string':
+        matchAgainstAnyProp = true;
+        // falls through
+      case 'object':
+        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+        break;
+      default:
+        return array;
     }
-    forEach(form.$pending, function(value, name) {
-      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
-    });
-    forEach(form.$error, function(value, name) {
-      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
-    });
-    forEach(form.$$success, function(value, name) {
-      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
-    });
 
-    arrayRemove(controls, control);
-    control.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+    return Array.prototype.filter.call(array, predicateFn);
   };
+}
 
+// Helper functions for `filterFilter`
+function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && (anyPropertyKey in expression);
+  var predicateFn;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the validity of a form control.
-   *
-   * This method will also propagate to parent forms.
-   */
-  addSetValidityMethod({
-    ctrl: this,
-    $element: element,
-    set: function(object, property, controller) {
-      var list = object[property];
-      if (!list) {
-        object[property] = [controller];
-      } else {
-        var index = list.indexOf(controller);
-        if (index === -1) {
-          list.push(controller);
-        }
+  if (comparator === true) {
+    comparator = equals;
+  } else if (!isFunction(comparator)) {
+    comparator = function(actual, expected) {
+      if (isUndefined(actual)) {
+        // No substring matching against `undefined`
+        return false;
       }
-    },
-    unset: function(object, property, controller) {
-      var list = object[property];
-      if (!list) {
-        return;
+      if ((actual === null) || (expected === null)) {
+        // No substring matching against `null`; only match against `null`
+        return actual === expected;
       }
-      arrayRemove(list, controller);
-      if (list.length === 0) {
-        delete object[property];
+      if (isObject(expected) || (isObject(actual) && !hasCustomToString(actual))) {
+        // Should not compare primitives against objects, unless they have custom `toString` method
+        return false;
       }
-    },
-    $animate: $animate
-  });
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
-   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
-   */
-  form.$setDirty = function() {
-    $animate.removeClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
-    $animate.addClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
-    form.$dirty = true;
-    form.$pristine = false;
-    form.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
+      actual = lowercase('' + actual);
+      expected = lowercase('' + expected);
+      return actual.indexOf(expected) !== -1;
+    };
+  }
+
+  predicateFn = function(item) {
+    if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expression[anyPropertyKey], comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
+    }
+    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
   };
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to its pristine
-   * state (ng-pristine class). This method will also propagate to all the controls contained
-   * in this form.
-   *
-   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
-   * saving or resetting it.
-   */
-  form.$setPristine = function() {
-    $animate.setClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS, DIRTY_CLASS + ' ' + SUBMITTED_CLASS);
-    form.$dirty = false;
-    form.$pristine = true;
-    form.$submitted = false;
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$setPristine();
-    });
-  };
+  return predicateFn;
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setUntouched
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to its untouched state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the form controls to their
-   * untouched state (ng-untouched class).
-   *
-   * Setting a form controls back to their untouched state is often useful when setting the form
-   * back to its pristine state.
-   */
-  form.$setUntouched = function() {
-    forEach(controls, function(control) {
-      control.$setUntouched();
+function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
+  var actualType = getTypeForFilter(actual);
+  var expectedType = getTypeForFilter(expected);
+
+  if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
+    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  } else if (isArray(actual)) {
+    // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
+    // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
+    return actual.some(function(item) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
     });
-  };
+  }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name form.FormController#$setSubmitted
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the form to its submitted state.
-   */
-  form.$setSubmitted = function() {
-    $animate.addClass(element, SUBMITTED_CLASS);
-    form.$submitted = true;
-    form.$$parentForm.$setSubmitted();
-  };
+  switch (actualType) {
+    case 'object':
+      var key;
+      if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+        for (key in actual) {
+          // Under certain, rare, circumstances, key may not be a string and `charAt` will be undefined
+          // See: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/15644
+          if (key.charAt && (key.charAt(0) !== '$') &&
+              deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, true)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
+      } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
+        for (key in expected) {
+          var expectedVal = expected[key];
+          if (isFunction(expectedVal) || isUndefined(expectedVal)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          var matchAnyProperty = key === anyPropertyKey;
+          var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
+          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return comparator(actual, expected);
+      }
+    case 'function':
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return comparator(actual, expected);
+  }
+}
+
+// Used for easily differentiating between `null` and actual `object`
+function getTypeForFilter(val) {
+  return (val === null) ? 'null' : typeof val;
 }
 
+var MAX_DIGITS = 22;
+var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
+var ZERO_CHAR = '0';
+
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngForm
- * @restrict EAC
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name currency
+ * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Nestable alias of {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive. HTML
- * does not allow nesting of form elements. It is useful to nest forms, for example if the validity of a
- * sub-group of controls needs to be determined.
+ * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
+ * symbol for current locale is used.
  *
- * Note: the purpose of `ngForm` is to group controls,
- * but not to be a replacement for the `<form>` tag with all of its capabilities
- * (e.g. posting to the server, ...).
+ * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
+ * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
+ * @param {number=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the amount to, defaults to default max fraction size for current locale
+ * @returns {string} Formatted number.
  *
- * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
- *                       related scope, under this name.
  *
+ * @example
+   <example module="currencyExample" name="currency-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="number" ng-model="amount" aria-label="amount"> <br>
+         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
+         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span id="currency-custom">{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span><br>
+         no fractions (0): <span id="currency-no-fractions">{{amount | currency:"USD$":0}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,235');
+       });
+       it('should update', function() {
+         if (browser.params.browser === 'safari') {
+           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
+           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
+           return;
+         }
+         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
+         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('-$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
  */
+currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function currencyFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize) {
+    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) {
+      currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
+    }
 
- /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name form
- * @restrict E
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = formats.PATTERNS[1].maxFrac;
+    }
+
+    // If the currency symbol is empty, trim whitespace around the symbol
+    var currencySymbolRe = !currencySymbol ? /\s*\u00A4\s*/g : /\u00A4/g;
+
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (amount == null)
+        ? amount
+        : formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize).
+            replace(currencySymbolRe, currencySymbol);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name number
+ * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Directive that instantiates
- * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
- *
- * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
- * this name.
- *
- * # Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
- *
- * In Angular, forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
- * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
- * Angular provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive, which behaves identically to
- * `form` but can be nested. Nested forms can be useful, for example, if the validity of a sub-group
- * of controls needs to be determined.
- *
- * # CSS classes
- *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
- *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
- *  - `ng-pending` is set if the form is pending.
- *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
- *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
- *  - `ng-submitted` is set if the form was submitted.
- *
- * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
- *
- *
- * # Submitting a form and preventing the default action
- *
- * Since the role of forms in client-side Angular applications is different than in classical
- * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
- * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
- * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
- *
- * For this reason, Angular prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
- * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
- *
- * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
- * a form is submitted:
- *
- * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
- * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
-  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
- *
- * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
- * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
- * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
- *
- * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
- * (`ngSubmit`)
- * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
- * doesn't trigger submit
- * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
- * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
- * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
- *
- * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
- * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
- * to have access to the updated model.
- *
- * ## Animation Hooks
- *
- * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
- * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
- * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
- * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
- * as JS animations.
- *
- * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
- * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ * Formats a number as text.
  *
- * <pre>
- * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
- * //advanced animations
- * .my-form {
- *   transition:0.5s linear all;
- *   background: white;
- * }
- * .my-form.ng-invalid {
- *   background: red;
- *   color:white;
- * }
- * </pre>
+ * If the input is null or undefined, it will just be returned.
+ * If the input is infinite (Infinity or -Infinity), the Infinity symbol '∞' or '-∞' is returned, respectively.
+ * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
+ * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
+ * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
+ * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
+ * @returns {string} Number rounded to `fractionSize` appropriately formatted based on the current
+ *                   locale (e.g., in the en_US locale it will have "." as the decimal separator and
+ *                   include "," group separators after each third digit).
  *
  * @example
-    <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
-      <file name="index.html">
+   <example module="numberFilterExample" name="number-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
        <script>
-         angular.module('formExample', [])
-           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.userType = 'guest';
+         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
            }]);
        </script>
-       <style>
-        .my-form {
-          transition:all linear 0.5s;
-          background: transparent;
-        }
-        .my-form.ng-invalid {
-          background: red;
-        }
-       </style>
-       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
-         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
-         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
-         <code>userType = {{userType}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br>
-         <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br>
-        </form>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-
-          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-        });
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>Enter number: <input ng-model='val'></label><br>
+         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
+         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
+         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format numbers', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
+       });
 
-        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));
+       it('should update', function() {
+         element(by.model('val')).clear();
+         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function numberFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(number, fractionSize) {
 
-          userInput.clear();
-          userInput.sendKeys('');
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (number == null)
+        ? number
+        : formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
+                       fractionSize);
+  };
+}
 
-          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
+/**
+ * Parse a number (as a string) into three components that can be used
+ * for formatting the number.
+ *
+ * (Significant bits of this parse algorithm came from https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/)
+ *
+ * @param  {string} numStr The number to parse
+ * @return {object} An object describing this number, containing the following keys:
+ *  - d : an array of digits containing leading zeros as necessary
+ *  - i : the number of the digits in `d` that are to the left of the decimal point
+ *  - e : the exponent for numbers that would need more than `MAX_DIGITS` digits in `d`
  *
- * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
- *                       related scope, under this name.
  */
-var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
-  return ['$timeout', '$parse', function($timeout, $parse) {
-    var formDirective = {
-      name: 'form',
-      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
-      require: ['form', '^^?form'], //first is the form's own ctrl, second is an optional parent form
-      controller: FormController,
-      compile: function ngFormCompile(formElement, attr) {
-        // Setup initial state of the control
-        formElement.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+function parse(numStr) {
+  var exponent = 0, digits, numberOfIntegerDigits;
+  var i, j, zeros;
 
-        var nameAttr = attr.name ? 'name' : (isNgForm && attr.ngForm ? 'ngForm' : false);
+  // Decimal point?
+  if ((numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.indexOf(DECIMAL_SEP)) > -1) {
+    numStr = numStr.replace(DECIMAL_SEP, '');
+  }
 
-        return {
-          pre: function ngFormPreLink(scope, formElement, attr, ctrls) {
-            var controller = ctrls[0];
+  // Exponential form?
+  if ((i = numStr.search(/e/i)) > 0) {
+    // Work out the exponent.
+    if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) numberOfIntegerDigits = i;
+    numberOfIntegerDigits += +numStr.slice(i + 1);
+    numStr = numStr.substring(0, i);
+  } else if (numberOfIntegerDigits < 0) {
+    // There was no decimal point or exponent so it is an integer.
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = numStr.length;
+  }
 
-            // if `action` attr is not present on the form, prevent the default action (submission)
-            if (!('action' in attr)) {
-              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
-              // action is not prevented. see #1238
-              //
-              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
-              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
-              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
-              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
-                scope.$apply(function() {
-                  controller.$commitViewValue();
-                  controller.$setSubmitted();
-                });
+  // Count the number of leading zeros.
+  for (i = 0; numStr.charAt(i) === ZERO_CHAR; i++) { /* empty */ }
 
-                event.preventDefault();
-              };
+  if (i === (zeros = numStr.length)) {
+    // The digits are all zero.
+    digits = [0];
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
+  } else {
+    // Count the number of trailing zeros
+    zeros--;
+    while (numStr.charAt(zeros) === ZERO_CHAR) zeros--;
 
-              addEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
+    // Trailing zeros are insignificant so ignore them
+    numberOfIntegerDigits -= i;
+    digits = [];
+    // Convert string to array of digits without leading/trailing zeros.
+    for (j = 0; i <= zeros; i++, j++) {
+      digits[j] = +numStr.charAt(i);
+    }
+  }
 
-              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
-              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
-              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
-                $timeout(function() {
-                  removeEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
-                }, 0, false);
-              });
-            }
+  // If the number overflows the maximum allowed digits then use an exponent.
+  if (numberOfIntegerDigits > MAX_DIGITS) {
+    digits = digits.splice(0, MAX_DIGITS - 1);
+    exponent = numberOfIntegerDigits - 1;
+    numberOfIntegerDigits = 1;
+  }
 
-            var parentFormCtrl = ctrls[1] || controller.$$parentForm;
-            parentFormCtrl.$addControl(controller);
+  return { d: digits, e: exponent, i: numberOfIntegerDigits };
+}
 
-            var setter = nameAttr ? getSetter(controller.$name) : noop;
+/**
+ * Round the parsed number to the specified number of decimal places
+ * This function changed the parsedNumber in-place
+ */
+function roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, minFrac, maxFrac) {
+    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
+    var fractionLen = digits.length - parsedNumber.i;
 
-            if (nameAttr) {
-              setter(scope, controller);
-              attr.$observe(nameAttr, function(newValue) {
-                if (controller.$name === newValue) return;
-                setter(scope, undefined);
-                controller.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(controller, newValue);
-                setter = getSetter(controller.$name);
-                setter(scope, controller);
-              });
-            }
-            formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
-              controller.$$parentForm.$removeControl(controller);
-              setter(scope, undefined);
-              extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
-            });
-          }
-        };
-      }
-    };
+    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified; `+fractionSize` converts it to a number
+    fractionSize = (isUndefined(fractionSize)) ? Math.min(Math.max(minFrac, fractionLen), maxFrac) : +fractionSize;
 
-    return formDirective;
+    // The index of the digit to where rounding is to occur
+    var roundAt = fractionSize + parsedNumber.i;
+    var digit = digits[roundAt];
 
-    function getSetter(expression) {
-      if (expression === '') {
-        //create an assignable expression, so forms with an empty name can be renamed later
-        return $parse('this[""]').assign;
+    if (roundAt > 0) {
+      // Drop fractional digits beyond `roundAt`
+      digits.splice(Math.max(parsedNumber.i, roundAt));
+
+      // Set non-fractional digits beyond `roundAt` to 0
+      for (var j = roundAt; j < digits.length; j++) {
+        digits[j] = 0;
       }
-      return $parse(expression).assign || noop;
+    } else {
+      // We rounded to zero so reset the parsedNumber
+      fractionLen = Math.max(0, fractionLen);
+      parsedNumber.i = 1;
+      digits.length = Math.max(1, roundAt = fractionSize + 1);
+      digits[0] = 0;
+      for (var i = 1; i < roundAt; i++) digits[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (digit >= 5) {
+      if (roundAt - 1 < 0) {
+        for (var k = 0; k > roundAt; k--) {
+          digits.unshift(0);
+          parsedNumber.i++;
+        }
+        digits.unshift(1);
+        parsedNumber.i++;
+      } else {
+        digits[roundAt - 1]++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Pad out with zeros to get the required fraction length
+    for (; fractionLen < Math.max(0, fractionSize); fractionLen++) digits.push(0);
+
+
+    // Do any carrying, e.g. a digit was rounded up to 10
+    var carry = digits.reduceRight(function(carry, d, i, digits) {
+      d = d + carry;
+      digits[i] = d % 10;
+      return Math.floor(d / 10);
+    }, 0);
+    if (carry) {
+      digits.unshift(carry);
+      parsedNumber.i++;
     }
-  }];
-};
-
-var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
-var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
+}
 
-/* global VALID_CLASS: false,
-  INVALID_CLASS: false,
-  PRISTINE_CLASS: false,
-  DIRTY_CLASS: false,
-  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: false,
-  TOUCHED_CLASS: false,
-  ngModelMinErr: false,
-*/
+/**
+ * Format a number into a string
+ * @param  {number} number       The number to format
+ * @param  {{
+ *           minFrac, // the minimum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
+ *           maxFrac, // the maximum number of digits required in the fraction part of the number
+ *           gSize,   // number of digits in each group of separated digits
+ *           lgSize,  // number of digits in the last group of digits before the decimal separator
+ *           negPre,  // the string to go in front of a negative number (e.g. `-` or `(`))
+ *           posPre,  // the string to go in front of a positive number
+ *           negSuf,  // the string to go after a negative number (e.g. `)`)
+ *           posSuf   // the string to go after a positive number
+ *         }} pattern
+ * @param  {string} groupSep     The string to separate groups of number (e.g. `,`)
+ * @param  {string} decimalSep   The string to act as the decimal separator (e.g. `.`)
+ * @param  {[type]} fractionSize The size of the fractional part of the number
+ * @return {string}              The number formatted as a string
+ */
+function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
 
-// Regex code was initially obtained from SO prior to modification: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3143070/javascript-regex-iso-datetime#answer-3143231
-var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /^\d{4,}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+(?:[+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)$/;
-// See valid URLs in RFC3987 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987)
-// Note: We are being more lenient, because browsers are too.
-//   1. Scheme
-//   2. Slashes
-//   3. Username
-//   4. Password
-//   5. Hostname
-//   6. Port
-//   7. Path
-//   8. Query
-//   9. Fragment
-//                 1111111111111111 222   333333    44444        555555555555555555555555    666     77777777     8888888     999
-var URL_REGEXP = /^[a-z][a-z\d.+-]*:\/*(?:[^:@]+(?::[^@]+)?@)?(?:[^\s:/?#]+|\[[a-f\d:]+\])(?::\d+)?(?:\/[^?#]*)?(?:\?[^#]*)?(?:#.*)?$/i;
-/* jshint maxlen:220 */
-var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^(?=.{1,254}$)(?=.{1,64}@)[-!#$%&'*+\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?)*$/;
-/* jshint maxlen:200 */
-var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))([eE][+-]?\d+)?\s*$/;
-var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
-var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
-var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-W(\d\d)$/;
-var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)$/;
-var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+  if (!(isString(number) || isNumber(number)) || isNaN(number)) return '';
 
-var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS = 'keydown wheel mousedown';
-var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES = createMap();
-forEach('date,datetime-local,month,time,week'.split(','), function(type) {
-  PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] = true;
-});
+  var isInfinity = !isFinite(number);
+  var isZero = false;
+  var numStr = Math.abs(number) + '',
+      formattedText = '',
+      parsedNumber;
 
-var inputType = {
+  if (isInfinity) {
+    formattedText = '\u221e';
+  } else {
+    parsedNumber = parse(numStr);
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[text]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding, inherited by most of the `input` elements.
-   *
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
-   *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
-   *    input.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.example = {
-                 text: 'guest',
-                 word: /^\s*\w*\s*$/
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>Single word:
-             <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="example.text"
-                    ng-pattern="example.word" required ng-trim="false">
-           </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-               Required!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
-               Single word only!</span>
-           </div>
-           <code>text = {{example.text}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br/>
-           <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var text = element(by.binding('example.text'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('example.text'));
+    roundNumber(parsedNumber, fractionSize, pattern.minFrac, pattern.maxFrac);
 
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
+    var digits = parsedNumber.d;
+    var integerLen = parsedNumber.i;
+    var exponent = parsedNumber.e;
+    var decimals = [];
+    isZero = digits.reduce(function(isZero, d) { return isZero && !d; }, true);
 
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
+    // pad zeros for small numbers
+    while (integerLen < 0) {
+      digits.unshift(0);
+      integerLen++;
+    }
 
-            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
+    // extract decimals digits
+    if (integerLen > 0) {
+      decimals = digits.splice(integerLen, digits.length);
+    } else {
+      decimals = digits;
+      digits = [0];
+    }
 
-          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('hello world');
+    // format the integer digits with grouping separators
+    var groups = [];
+    if (digits.length >= pattern.lgSize) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.lgSize, digits.length).join(''));
+    }
+    while (digits.length > pattern.gSize) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.splice(-pattern.gSize, digits.length).join(''));
+    }
+    if (digits.length) {
+      groups.unshift(digits.join(''));
+    }
+    formattedText = groups.join(groupSep);
 
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'text': textInputType,
+    // append the decimal digits
+    if (decimals.length) {
+      formattedText += decimalSep + decimals.join('');
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * @ngdoc input
-     * @name input[date]
-     *
-     * @description
-     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
-     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
-     * expected input format via a placeholder or label.
-     *
-     * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-     * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-     *
-     * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-     * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-     *
-     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
-     *   valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
-     *   (e.g. `min="{{minDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add native HTML5
-     *   constraint validation.
-     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
-     *   a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
-     *   (e.g. `max="{{maxDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add native HTML5
-     *   constraint validation.
-     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
-     *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
-     *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-     * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-     *    interaction with the input element.
-     *
-     * @example
-     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
-            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-              $scope.example = {
-                value: new Date(2013, 9, 22)
-              };
-            }]);
-       </script>
-       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-          <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date in 2013:</label>
-          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
-          <div role="alert">
-            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-                Required!</span>
-            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
-                Not a valid date!</span>
-           </div>
-           <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-       </form>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
-        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-        var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+    if (exponent) {
+      formattedText += 'e+' + exponent;
+    }
+  }
+  if (number < 0 && !isZero) {
+    return pattern.negPre + formattedText + pattern.negSuf;
+  } else {
+    return pattern.posPre + formattedText + pattern.posSuf;
+  }
+}
 
-        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-        function setInput(val) {
-          // set the value of the element and force validation.
-          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-          browser.executeScript(scr);
-        }
+function padNumber(num, digits, trim, negWrap) {
+  var neg = '';
+  if (num < 0 || (negWrap && num <= 0)) {
+    if (negWrap) {
+      num = -num + 1;
+    } else {
+      num = -num;
+      neg = '-';
+    }
+  }
+  num = '' + num;
+  while (num.length < digits) num = ZERO_CHAR + num;
+  if (trim) {
+    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
+  }
+  return neg + num;
+}
 
-        it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-        });
 
-        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-          setInput('');
-          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-        });
+function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim, negWrap) {
+  offset = offset || 0;
+  return function(date) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset) {
+      value += offset;
+    }
+    if (value === 0 && offset === -12) value = 12;
+    return padNumber(value, size, trim, negWrap);
+  };
+}
 
-        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-          setInput('2015-01-01');
-          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-        });
-     </file>
-     </example>
-     */
-  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
-         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
-         'yyyy-MM-dd'),
+function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm, standAlone) {
+  return function(date, formats) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    var propPrefix = (standAlone ? 'STANDALONE' : '') + (shortForm ? 'SHORT' : '');
+    var get = uppercase(propPrefix + name);
 
-   /**
-    * @ngdoc input
-    * @name input[datetime-local]
-    *
-    * @description
-    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57:00`.
-    *
-    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-    *
-    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-    *
-    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
-    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `min="{{minDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
-    *   Note that `min` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
-    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
-    *   Note that `max` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
-    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
-    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-    *    interaction with the input element.
-    *
-    * @example
-    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <script>
-        angular.module('dateExample', [])
-          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-            $scope.example = {
-              value: new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57)
-            };
-          }]);
-      </script>
-      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date between in 2013:</label>
-        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss" min="2001-01-01T00:00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00:00" required />
-        <div role="alert">
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
-              Not a valid date!</span>
-        </div>
-        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-      </form>
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+    return formats[get][value];
+  };
+}
 
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
-      }
+function timeZoneGetter(date, formats, offset) {
+  var zone = -1 * offset;
+  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? '+' : '';
 
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57:00');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
+  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
+                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
 
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
+  return paddedZone;
+}
 
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59:00');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-    </file>
-    </example>
-    */
-  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
-      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
-      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sss'),
+function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
+    // 0 = index of January
+    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
+    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
+    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
+    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[time]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-   * the HTML5 time input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-   * local time format (HH:mm:ss), for example: `14:57:00`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
-   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1970, or local date `new Date(1970, 0, 1, HH, mm, ss)`.
-   *
-   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-   *
-   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
-   *   `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
-   *   `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
-   <file name="index.html">
-     <script>
-      angular.module('timeExample', [])
-        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.example = {
-            value: new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0)
-          };
-        }]);
-     </script>
-     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a time between 8am and 5pm:</label>
-        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-            placeholder="HH:mm:ss" min="08:00:00" max="17:00:00" required />
-        <div role="alert">
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
-              Not a valid date!</span>
-        </div>
-        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-     </form>
-   </file>
-   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
+    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
+      // 4 = index of Thursday
+      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
+}
+
+function weekGetter(size) {
+   return function(date) {
+      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
+         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);
+
+      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
+         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week
 
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
-      }
+      return padNumber(result, size);
+   };
+}
 
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57:00');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
+function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
+}
 
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
+function eraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERAS[0] : formats.ERAS[1];
+}
 
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('23:59:00');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-   </file>
+function longEraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERANAMES[0] : formats.ERANAMES[1];
+}
+
+var DATE_FORMATS = {
+  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4, 0, false, true),
+    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true, true),
+     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1, 0, false, true),
+  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
+   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
+    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
+     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
+  LLLL: dateStrGetter('Month', false, true),
+    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
+     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
+    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
+     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
+    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
+     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
+    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
+     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
+    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
+     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
+     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
+     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
+   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
+  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
+   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
+     a: ampmGetter,
+     Z: timeZoneGetter,
+    ww: weekGetter(2),
+     w: weekGetter(1),
+     G: eraGetter,
+     GG: eraGetter,
+     GGG: eraGetter,
+     GGGG: longEraGetter
+};
+
+var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMLdHhmsaZEwG']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|L+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|G+|w+))([\s\S]*)/,
+    NUMBER_STRING = /^-?\d+$/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name date
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
+ *
+ *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
+ *
+ *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
+ *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
+ *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
+ *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
+ *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
+ *   * `'LLLL'`: Stand-alone month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
+ *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
+ *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
+ *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
+ *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
+ *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
+ *   * `'hh'`: Hour in AM/PM, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'h'`: Hour in AM/PM, (1-12)
+ *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
+ *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
+ *   * `'sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
+ *   * `'a'`: AM/PM marker
+ *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
+ *   * `'ww'`: Week of year, padded (00-53). Week 01 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'w'`: Week of year (0-53). Week 1 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'G'`, `'GG'`, `'GGG'`: The abbreviated form of the era string (e.g. 'AD')
+ *   * `'GGGG'`: The long form of the era string (e.g. 'Anno Domini')
+ *
+ *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
+ *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
+ *
+ *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
+ *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 PM)
+ *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
+ *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
+ *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 PM)
+ *
+ *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be escaped by surrounding with single quotes (e.g.
+ *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output a single quote, escape it - i.e., two single quotes in a sequence
+ *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
+ *
+ *   Any other characters in the `format` string will be output as-is.
+ *
+ * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
+ *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ and its
+ *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
+ *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
+ * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
+ *    `mediumDate` is used.
+ * @param {string=} timezone Timezone to be used for formatting. It understands UTC/GMT and the
+ *    continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
+ *    example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
+ *    If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-date">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
+           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span><br>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format date', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/2010-10-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (-|\+)?\d{4}/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:\"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma\"")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 at \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+       });
+     </file>
    </example>
-   */
-  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
-      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
-     'HH:mm:ss.sss'),
+ */
+dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function dateFilter($locale) {
 
-   /**
-    * @ngdoc input
-    * @name input[week]
-    *
-    * @description
-    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
-    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`.
-    *
-    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-    *
-    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-    *
-    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
-    *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
-    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
-    *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
-    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-    *    interaction with the input element.
-    *
-    * @example
-    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <script>
-      angular.module('weekExample', [])
-        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.example = {
-            value: new Date(2013, 0, 3)
-          };
-        }]);
-      </script>
-      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-        <label>Pick a date between in 2013:
-          <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-                 placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32"
-                 max="2013-W52" required />
-        </label>
-        <div role="alert">
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
-              Not a valid date!</span>
-        </div>
-        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-      </form>
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
 
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
+  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
+                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
+  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
+    var match;
+    if ((match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR))) {
+      var date = new Date(0),
+          tzHour = 0,
+          tzMin  = 0,
+          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
+          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
+
+      if (match[9]) {
+        tzHour = toInt(match[9] + match[10]);
+        tzMin = toInt(match[9] + match[11]);
+      }
+      dateSetter.call(date, toInt(match[1]), toInt(match[2]) - 1, toInt(match[3]));
+      var h = toInt(match[4] || 0) - tzHour;
+      var m = toInt(match[5] || 0) - tzMin;
+      var s = toInt(match[6] || 0);
+      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7] || 0)) * 1000);
+      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
+      return date;
+    }
+    return string;
+  }
+
+
+  return function(date, format, timezone) {
+    var text = '',
+        parts = [],
+        fn, match;
+
+    format = format || 'mediumDate';
+    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
+    if (isString(date)) {
+      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? toInt(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
+    }
+
+    if (isNumber(date)) {
+      date = new Date(date);
+    }
+
+    if (!isDate(date) || !isFinite(date.getTime())) {
+      return date;
+    }
+
+    while (format) {
+      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
+      if (match) {
+        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
+        format = parts.pop();
+      } else {
+        parts.push(format);
+        format = null;
       }
+    }
 
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
+    var dateTimezoneOffset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
+    if (timezone) {
+      dateTimezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, dateTimezoneOffset);
+      date = convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, true);
+    }
+    forEach(parts, function(value) {
+      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
+      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS, dateTimezoneOffset)
+                 : value === '\'\'' ? '\'' : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, '\'');
+    });
 
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
+    return text;
+  };
+}
 
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('2015-W01');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-    </file>
-    </example>
-    */
-  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[month]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
-   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
-   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`.
-   *
-   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
-   * If the model is not set to the first of the month, the next view to model update will set it
-   * to the first of the month.
-   *
-   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
-   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
-   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
-   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-   *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
-   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
-   *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name json
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
+ *
+ *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
+ *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
+ *
+ * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
+ * @param {number=} spacing The number of spaces to use per indentation, defaults to 2.
+ * @returns {string} JSON string.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example name="filter-json">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <pre id="default-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
+       <pre id="custom-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json:4 }}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('default-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n {2}"name": ?"value"\n}/);
+         expect(element(by.id('custom-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n {4}"name": ?"value"\n}/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+function jsonFilter() {
+  return function(object, spacing) {
+    if (isUndefined(spacing)) {
+        spacing = 2;
+    }
+    return toJson(object, spacing);
+  };
+}
 
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
-   <file name="index.html">
-     <script>
-      angular.module('monthExample', [])
-        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.example = {
-            value: new Date(2013, 9, 1)
-          };
-        }]);
-     </script>
-     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
-       <label for="exampleInput">Pick a month in 2013:</label>
-       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
-       <div role="alert">
-         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-            Required!</span>
-         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
-            Not a valid month!</span>
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name lowercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to lowercase.
+ *
+ * See the {@link ng.uppercase uppercase filter documentation} for a functionally identical example.
+ *
+ * @see angular.lowercase
+ */
+var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name uppercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to uppercase.
+ * @example
+   <example module="uppercaseFilterExample" name="filter-uppercase">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('uppercaseFilterExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.title = 'This is a title';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <!-- This title should be formatted normally -->
+         <h1>{{title}}</h1>
+         <!-- This title should be capitalized -->
+         <h1>{{title | uppercase}}</h1>
        </div>
-       <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-     </form>
-   </file>
-   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
-      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
 
-      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
-      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
-      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
-      function setInput(val) {
-        // set the value of the element and force validation.
-        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
-        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
-        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
-        browser.executeScript(scr);
-      }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name limitTo
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements are
+ * taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
+ * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. Other array-like objects are also supported
+ * (e.g. array subclasses, NodeLists, jqLite/jQuery collections etc). If a number is used as input,
+ * it is converted to a string.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike|string|number} input - Array/array-like, string or number to be limited.
+ * @param {string|number} limit - The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
+ *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
+ *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
+ *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`. If `limit` is undefined,
+ *     the input will be returned unchanged.
+ * @param {(string|number)=} begin - Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index,
+ *     `begin` indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
+ * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if the input had
+ *     less than `limit` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="limitToExample" name="limit-to-filter">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
+             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
+             $scope.longNumber = 2345432342;
+             $scope.numLimit = 3;
+             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
+             $scope.longNumberLimit = 3;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>
+            Limit {{numbers}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="numLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{letters}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="letterLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{longNumber}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="longNumberLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output long number: {{ longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit }}</p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
+       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
+       var longNumberLimitInput = element(by.model('longNumberLimit'));
+       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
+       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));
+       var limitedLongNumber = element(by.binding('longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit'));
 
-      it('should initialize to model', function() {
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
-      });
+       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
+         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(longNumberLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 234');
+       });
 
-      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-        setInput('');
-        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
+       // There is a bug in safari and protractor that doesn't like the minus key
+       // it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
+       //   numLimitInput.clear();
+       //   numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   letterLimitInput.clear();
+       //   letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
+       //   expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
+       //   expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 342');
+       // });
 
-      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-        setInput('2015-01');
-        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
-        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
-      });
-   </file>
+       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
+         numLimitInput.clear();
+         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         letterLimitInput.clear();
+         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+         longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 2345432342');
+       });
+     </file>
    </example>
-   */
-  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
-     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
-     'yyyy-MM'),
+*/
+function limitToFilter() {
+  return function(input, limit, begin) {
+    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
+      limit = Number(limit);
+    } else {
+      limit = toInt(limit);
+    }
+    if (isNumberNaN(limit)) return input;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[number]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
-   * error if not a valid number.
-   *
-   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   * The model must always be of type `number` otherwise Angular will throw an error.
-   * Be aware that a string containing a number is not enough. See the {@link ngModel:numfmt}
-   * error docs for more information and an example of how to convert your model if necessary.
-   * </div>
-   *
-   * ## Issues with HTML5 constraint validation
-   *
-   * In browsers that follow the
-   * [HTML5 specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#number-state-%28type=number%29),
-   * `input[number]` does not work as expected with {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}.
-   * If a non-number is entered in the input, the browser will report the value as an empty string,
-   * which means the view / model values in `ngModel` and subsequently the scope value
-   * will also be an empty string.
-   *
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
-   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('numberExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.example = {
-                 value: 12
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>Number:
-             <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
-                    min="0" max="99" required>
-          </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-               Required!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
-               Not valid number!</span>
-           </div>
-           <tt>value = {{example.value}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var value = element(by.binding('example.value'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+    if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
+    if (!isArrayLike(input)) return input;
 
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
+    begin = (!begin || isNaN(begin)) ? 0 : toInt(begin);
+    begin = (begin < 0) ? Math.max(0, input.length + begin) : begin;
+
+    if (limit >= 0) {
+      return sliceFn(input, begin, begin + limit);
+    } else {
+      if (begin === 0) {
+        return sliceFn(input, limit, input.length);
+      } else {
+        return sliceFn(input, Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function sliceFn(input, begin, end) {
+  if (isString(input)) return input.slice(begin, end);
+
+  return slice.call(input, begin, end);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name orderBy
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns an array containing the items from the specified `collection`, ordered by a `comparator`
+ * function based on the values computed using the `expression` predicate.
+ *
+ * For example, `[{id: 'foo'}, {id: 'bar'}] | orderBy:'id'` would result in
+ * `[{id: 'bar'}, {id: 'foo'}]`.
+ *
+ * The `collection` can be an Array or array-like object (e.g. NodeList, jQuery object, TypedArray,
+ * String, etc).
+ *
+ * The `expression` can be a single predicate, or a list of predicates each serving as a tie-breaker
+ * for the preceding one. The `expression` is evaluated against each item and the output is used
+ * for comparing with other items.
+ *
+ * You can change the sorting order by setting `reverse` to `true`. By default, items are sorted in
+ * ascending order.
+ *
+ * The comparison is done using the `comparator` function. If none is specified, a default, built-in
+ * comparator is used (see below for details - in a nutshell, it compares numbers numerically and
+ * strings alphabetically).
+ *
+ * ### Under the hood
+ *
+ * Ordering the specified `collection` happens in two phases:
+ *
+ * 1. All items are passed through the predicate (or predicates), and the returned values are saved
+ *    along with their type (`string`, `number` etc). For example, an item `{label: 'foo'}`, passed
+ *    through a predicate that extracts the value of the `label` property, would be transformed to:
+ *    ```
+ *    {
+ *      value: 'foo',
+ *      type: 'string',
+ *      index: ...
+ *    }
+ *    ```
+ *    **Note:** `null` values use `'null'` as their type.
+ * 2. The comparator function is used to sort the items, based on the derived values, types and
+ *    indices.
+ *
+ * If you use a custom comparator, it will be called with pairs of objects of the form
+ * `{value: ..., type: '...', index: ...}` and is expected to return `0` if the objects are equal
+ * (as far as the comparator is concerned), `-1` if the 1st one should be ranked higher than the
+ * second, or `1` otherwise.
+ *
+ * In order to ensure that the sorting will be deterministic across platforms, if none of the
+ * specified predicates can distinguish between two items, `orderBy` will automatically introduce a
+ * dummy predicate that returns the item's index as `value`.
+ * (If you are using a custom comparator, make sure it can handle this predicate as well.)
+ *
+ * If a custom comparator still can't distinguish between two items, then they will be sorted based
+ * on their index using the built-in comparator.
+ *
+ * Finally, in an attempt to simplify things, if a predicate returns an object as the extracted
+ * value for an item, `orderBy` will try to convert that object to a primitive value, before passing
+ * it to the comparator. The following rules govern the conversion:
+ *
+ * 1. If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns a primitive, its return value will be
+ *    used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 2. If the object has a custom `toString()` method (i.e. not the one inherited from `Object`) that
+ *    returns a primitive, its return value will be used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `toString()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 3. No conversion; the object itself is used.
+ *
+ * ### The default comparator
+ *
+ * The default, built-in comparator should be sufficient for most usecases. In short, it compares
+ * numbers numerically, strings alphabetically (and case-insensitively), for objects falls back to
+ * using their index in the original collection, sorts values of different types by type and puts
+ * `undefined` and `null` values at the end of the sorted list.
+ *
+ * More specifically, it follows these steps to determine the relative order of items:
+ *
+ * 1. If the compared values are of different types:
+ *    - If one of the values is undefined, consider it "greater than" the other.
+ *    - Else if one of the values is null, consider it "greater than" the other.
+ *    - Else compare the types themselves alphabetically.
+ * 2. If both values are of type `string`, compare them alphabetically in a case- and
+ *    locale-insensitive way.
+ * 3. If both values are objects, compare their indices instead.
+ * 4. Otherwise, return:
+ *    -  `0`, if the values are equal (by strict equality comparison, i.e. using `===`).
+ *    - `-1`, if the 1st value is "less than" the 2nd value (compared using the `<` operator).
+ *    -  `1`, otherwise.
+ *
+ * **Note:** If you notice numbers not being sorted as expected, make sure they are actually being
+ *           saved as numbers and not strings.
+ * **Note:** For the purpose of sorting, `null` and `undefined` are considered "greater than"
+ *           any other value (with undefined "greater than" null). This effectively means that `null`
+ *           and `undefined` values end up at the end of a list sorted in ascending order.
+ * **Note:** `null` values use `'null'` as their type to be able to distinguish them from objects.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike} collection - The collection (array or array-like object) to sort.
+ * @param {(Function|string|Array.<Function|string>)=} expression - A predicate (or list of
+ *    predicates) to be used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
+ *
+ *    Can be one of:
+ *
+ *    - `Function`: A getter function. This function will be called with each item as argument and
+ *      the return value will be used for sorting.
+ *    - `string`: An AngularJS expression. This expression will be evaluated against each item and the
+ *      result will be used for sorting. For example, use `'label'` to sort by a property called
+ *      `label` or `'label.substring(0, 3)'` to sort by the first 3 characters of the `label`
+ *      property.<br />
+ *      (The result of a constant expression is interpreted as a property name to be used for
+ *      comparison. For example, use `'"special name"'` (note the extra pair of quotes) to sort by a
+ *      property called `special name`.)<br />
+ *      An expression can be optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control the sorting direction,
+ *      ascending or descending. For example, `'+label'` or `'-label'`. If no property is provided,
+ *      (e.g. `'+'` or `'-'`), the collection element itself is used in comparisons.
+ *    - `Array`: An array of function and/or string predicates. If a predicate cannot determine the
+ *      relative order of two items, the next predicate is used as a tie-breaker.
+ *
+ * **Note:** If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} reverse - If `true`, reverse the sorting order.
+ * @param {(Function)=} comparator - The comparator function used to determine the relative order of
+ *    value pairs. If omitted, the built-in comparator will be used.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array} - The sorted array.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Ordering a table with `ngRepeat`
+ *
+ * The example below demonstrates a simple {@link ngRepeat ngRepeat}, where the data is sorted by
+ * age in descending order (expression is set to `'-age'`). The `comparator` is not set, which means
+ * it defaults to the built-in comparator.
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-static" module="orderByExample1">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>Name</th>
+             <th>Phone Number</th>
+             <th>Age</th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'-age'">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample1', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
 
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
-            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var names = element.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
 
-          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('123');
-            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'number': numberInputType,
+       it('should sort friends by age in reverse order', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Julie');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Changing parameters dynamically
+ *
+ * All parameters can be changed dynamically. The next example shows how you can make the columns of
+ * a table sortable, by binding the `expression` and `reverse` parameters to scope properties.
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-dynamic" module="orderByExample2">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         <button ng-click="propertyName = null; reverse = false">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:propertyName:reverse">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample2', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
 
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
+           $scope.reverse = true;
+           $scope.friends = friends;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[url]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
-   * valid URL.
-   *
-   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   * **Note:** `input[url]` uses a regex to validate urls that is derived from the regex
-   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation, you can use `ng-pattern` or modify
-   * the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
-   * </div>
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('urlExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.url = {
-                 text: 'http://google.com'
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>URL:
-             <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="url.text" required>
-           <label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-               Required!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
-               Not valid url!</span>
-           </div>
-           <tt>text = {{url.text}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var text = element(by.binding('url.text'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('url.text'));
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = ($scope.propertyName === propertyName) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
 
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
 
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
+       .sortorder:after {
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+       .sortorder.reverse:after {
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
 
-            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('box');
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
 
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'url': urlInputType,
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
 
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+       });
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[email]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
-   * address.
-   *
-   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
-   * **Note:** `input[email]` uses a regex to validate email addresses that is derived from the regex
-   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation (e.g. requiring a top-level domain), you can
-   * use `ng-pattern` or modify the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
-   * </div>
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
-   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
-   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
-   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
-   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
-   *    minlength.
-   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
-   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
-   *    any length.
-   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
-   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
-   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
-   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
-   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
-   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
-   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
-   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
-   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
-   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
-   *    account.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('emailExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.email = {
-                 text: 'me@example.com'
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-             <label>Email:
-               <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="email.text" required>
-             </label>
-             <div role="alert">
-               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
-                 Required!</span>
-               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
-                 Not valid email!</span>
-             </div>
-             <tt>text = {{email.text}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
-           </form>
-         </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var text = element(by.binding('email.text'));
-          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
-          var input = element(by.model('email.text'));
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-          it('should initialize to model', function() {
-            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          });
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
 
-          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('');
-            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
 
-          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
-            input.clear();
-            input.sendKeys('xxx');
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `orderBy` inside a controller
+ *
+ * It is also possible to call the `orderBy` filter manually, by injecting `orderByFilter`, and
+ * calling it with the desired parameters. (Alternatively, you could inject the `$filter` factory
+ * and retrieve the `orderBy` filter with `$filter('orderBy')`.)
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-call-manually" module="orderByExample3">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         <button ng-click="sortBy(null)">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample3', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', 'orderByFilter', function($scope, orderBy) {
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
+           $scope.reverse = true;
+           $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
+
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = (propertyName !== null && $scope.propertyName === propertyName)
+                 ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
+             $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+
+       .sortorder:after {
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+       .sortorder.reverse:after {
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'email': emailInputType,
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
 
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[radio]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * HTML radio button.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string} value The value to which the `ngModel` expression should be set when selected.
-   *    Note that `value` only supports `string` values, i.e. the scope model needs to be a string,
-   *    too. Use `ngValue` if you need complex models (`number`, `object`, ...).
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   * @param {string} ngValue Angular expression to which `ngModel` will be be set when the radio
-   *    is selected. Should be used instead of the `value` attribute if you need
-   *    a non-string `ngModel` (`boolean`, `array`, ...).
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('radioExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.color = {
-                 name: 'blue'
-               };
-               $scope.specialValue = {
-                 "id": "12345",
-                 "value": "green"
-               };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>
-             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="red">
-             Red
-           </label><br/>
-           <label>
-             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" ng-value="specialValue">
-             Green
-           </label><br/>
-           <label>
-             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="blue">
-             Blue
-           </label><br/>
-           <tt>color = {{color.name | json}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          it('should change state', function() {
-            var color = element(by.binding('color.name'));
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+       });
 
-            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-            element.all(by.model('color.name')).get(0).click();
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
 
-            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'radio': radioInputType,
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
 
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc input
-   * @name input[checkbox]
-   *
-   * @description
-   * HTML checkbox.
-   *
-   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
-   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
-   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
-   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
-   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
-   *    interaction with the input element.
-   *
-   * @example
-      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
-        <file name="index.html">
-         <script>
-           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
-             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-               $scope.checkboxModel = {
-                value1 : true,
-                value2 : 'YES'
-              };
-             }]);
-         </script>
-         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-           <label>Value1:
-             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value1">
-           </label><br/>
-           <label>Value2:
-             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value2"
-                    ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'">
-            </label><br/>
-           <tt>value1 = {{checkboxModel.value1}}</tt><br/>
-           <tt>value2 = {{checkboxModel.value2}}</tt><br/>
-          </form>
-        </file>
-        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          it('should change state', function() {
-            var value1 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value1'));
-            var value2 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value2'));
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using a custom comparator
+ *
+ * If you have very specific requirements about the way items are sorted, you can pass your own
+ * comparator function. For example, you might need to compare some strings in a locale-sensitive
+ * way. (When specifying a custom comparator, you also need to pass a value for the `reverse`
+ * argument - passing `false` retains the default sorting order, i.e. ascending.)
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-custom-comparator" module="orderByExample4">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <div class="friends-container custom-comparator">
+           <h3>Locale-sensitive Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter':false:localeSensitiveComparator">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+         <div class="friends-container default-comparator">
+           <h3>Default Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter'">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample4', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   favoriteLetter: 'Ä'},
+             {name: 'Mary',   favoriteLetter: 'Ü'},
+             {name: 'Mike',   favoriteLetter: 'Ö'},
+             {name: 'Adam',   favoriteLetter: 'H'},
+             {name: 'Julie',  favoriteLetter: 'Z'}
+           ];
 
-            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
-            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');
+           $scope.localeSensitiveComparator = function(v1, v2) {
+             // If we don't get strings, just compare by index
+             if (v1.type !== 'string' || v2.type !== 'string') {
+               return (v1.index < v2.index) ? -1 : 1;
+             }
 
-            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value1')).click();
-            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value2')).click();
+             // Compare strings alphabetically, taking locale into account
+             return v1.value.localeCompare(v2.value);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends-container {
+         display: inline-block;
+         margin: 0 30px;
+       }
 
-            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
-            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
-          });
-        </file>
-      </example>
-   */
-  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
 
-  'hidden': noop,
-  'button': noop,
-  'submit': noop,
-  'reset': noop,
-  'file': noop
-};
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var container = element(by.css('.custom-comparator'));
+       var names = container.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
 
-function stringBasedInputType(ctrl) {
-  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? value : value.toString();
-  });
-}
+       it('should sort friends by favorite letter (in correct alphabetical order)', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
+function orderByFilter($parse) {
+  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder, compareFn) {
+
+    if (array == null) return array;
+    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
+      throw minErr('orderBy')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
+    }
 
-function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
-}
+    if (!isArray(sortPredicate)) { sortPredicate = [sortPredicate]; }
+    if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
 
-function baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  var type = lowercase(element[0].type);
+    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate);
 
-  // In composition mode, users are still inputing intermediate text buffer,
-  // hold the listener until composition is done.
-  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
-  if (!$sniffer.android) {
-    var composing = false;
+    var descending = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
 
-    element.on('compositionstart', function() {
-      composing = true;
-    });
+    // Define the `compare()` function. Use a default comparator if none is specified.
+    var compare = isFunction(compareFn) ? compareFn : defaultCompare;
 
-    element.on('compositionend', function() {
-      composing = false;
-      listener();
-    });
-  }
+    // The next three lines are a version of a Swartzian Transform idiom from Perl
+    // (sometimes called the Decorate-Sort-Undecorate idiom)
+    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform
+    var compareValues = Array.prototype.map.call(array, getComparisonObject);
+    compareValues.sort(doComparison);
+    array = compareValues.map(function(item) { return item.value; });
 
-  var timeout;
+    return array;
 
-  var listener = function(ev) {
-    if (timeout) {
-      $browser.defer.cancel(timeout);
-      timeout = null;
+    function getComparisonObject(value, index) {
+      // NOTE: We are adding an extra `tieBreaker` value based on the element's index.
+      // This will be used to keep the sort stable when none of the input predicates can
+      // distinguish between two elements.
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        tieBreaker: {value: index, type: 'number', index: index},
+        predicateValues: predicates.map(function(predicate) {
+          return getPredicateValue(predicate.get(value), index);
+        })
+      };
     }
-    if (composing) return;
-    var value = element.val(),
-        event = ev && ev.type;
 
-    // By default we will trim the value
-    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
-    // If input type is 'password', the value is never trimmed
-    if (type !== 'password' && (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false')) {
-      value = trim(value);
-    }
+    function doComparison(v1, v2) {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = predicates.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var result = compare(v1.predicateValues[i], v2.predicateValues[i]);
+        if (result) {
+          return result * predicates[i].descending * descending;
+        }
+      }
 
-    // If a control is suffering from bad input (due to native validators), browsers discard its
-    // value, so it may be necessary to revalidate (by calling $setViewValue again) even if the
-    // control's value is the same empty value twice in a row.
-    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
-      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event);
+      return (compare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker) || defaultCompare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker)) * descending;
     }
   };
 
-  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
-  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
-  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
-    element.on('input', listener);
-  } else {
-    var deferListener = function(ev, input, origValue) {
-      if (!timeout) {
-        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
-          timeout = null;
-          if (!input || input.value !== origValue) {
-            listener(ev);
+  function processPredicates(sortPredicates) {
+    return sortPredicates.map(function(predicate) {
+      var descending = 1, get = identity;
+
+      if (isFunction(predicate)) {
+        get = predicate;
+      } else if (isString(predicate)) {
+        if ((predicate.charAt(0) === '+' || predicate.charAt(0) === '-')) {
+          descending = predicate.charAt(0) === '-' ? -1 : 1;
+          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
+        }
+        if (predicate !== '') {
+          get = $parse(predicate);
+          if (get.constant) {
+            var key = get();
+            get = function(value) { return value[key]; };
           }
-        });
+        }
       }
-    };
+      return {get: get, descending: descending};
+    });
+  }
 
-    element.on('keydown', function(event) {
-      var key = event.keyCode;
+  function isPrimitive(value) {
+    switch (typeof value) {
+      case 'number': /* falls through */
+      case 'boolean': /* falls through */
+      case 'string':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  }
 
-      // ignore
-      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
-      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
+  function objectValue(value) {
+    // If `valueOf` is a valid function use that
+    if (isFunction(value.valueOf)) {
+      value = value.valueOf();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
+    // If `toString` is a valid function and not the one from `Object.prototype` use that
+    if (hasCustomToString(value)) {
+      value = value.toString();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
 
-      deferListener(event, this, this.value);
-    });
+    return value;
+  }
 
-    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste" and "cut" events to catch it
-    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
-      element.on('paste cut', deferListener);
+  function getPredicateValue(value, index) {
+    var type = typeof value;
+    if (value === null) {
+      type = 'null';
+    } else if (type === 'object') {
+      value = objectValue(value);
     }
+    return {value: value, type: type, index: index};
   }
 
-  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
-  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
-  element.on('change', listener);
+  function defaultCompare(v1, v2) {
+    var result = 0;
+    var type1 = v1.type;
+    var type2 = v2.type;
 
-  // Some native input types (date-family) have the ability to change validity without
-  // firing any input/change events.
-  // For these event types, when native validators are present and the browser supports the type,
-  // check for validity changes on various DOM events.
-  if (PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && type === attr.type) {
-    element.on(PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS, function(ev) {
-      if (!timeout) {
-        var validity = this[VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY];
-        var origBadInput = validity.badInput;
-        var origTypeMismatch = validity.typeMismatch;
-        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
-          timeout = null;
-          if (validity.badInput !== origBadInput || validity.typeMismatch !== origTypeMismatch) {
-            listener(ev);
+    if (type1 === type2) {
+      var value1 = v1.value;
+      var value2 = v2.value;
+
+      if (type1 === 'string') {
+        // Compare strings case-insensitively
+        value1 = value1.toLowerCase();
+        value2 = value2.toLowerCase();
+      } else if (type1 === 'object') {
+        // For basic objects, use the position of the object
+        // in the collection instead of the value
+        if (isObject(value1)) value1 = v1.index;
+        if (isObject(value2)) value2 = v2.index;
+      }
+
+      if (value1 !== value2) {
+        result = value1 < value2 ? -1 : 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      result = (type1 === 'undefined') ? 1 :
+        (type2 === 'undefined') ? -1 :
+        (type1 === 'null') ? 1 :
+        (type2 === 'null') ? -1 :
+        (type1 < type2) ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+function ngDirective(directive) {
+  if (isFunction(directive)) {
+    directive = {
+      link: directive
+    };
+  }
+  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
+  return valueFn(directive);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name a
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Modifies the default behavior of the html a tag so that the default action is prevented when
+ * the href attribute is empty.
+ *
+ * For dynamically creating `href` attributes for a tags, see the {@link ng.ngHref `ngHref`} directive.
+ */
+var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref) {
+      return function(scope, element) {
+        // If the linked element is not an anchor tag anymore, do nothing
+        if (element[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'a') return;
+
+        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
+        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
+                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
+        element.on('click', function(event) {
+          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
+          if (!element.attr(href)) {
+            event.preventDefault();
           }
         });
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  ctrl.$render = function() {
-    // Workaround for Firefox validation #12102.
-    var value = ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue;
-    if (element.val() !== value) {
-      element.val(value);
-    }
-  };
-}
+      };
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHref
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
+ * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
+ * AngularJS has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
+ * value. Until AngularJS replaces the markup the link will be broken
+ * and will most likely return a 404 error. The `ngHref` directive
+ * solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The wrong way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element A
+ * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
+ * in links and their different behaviors:
+    <example name="ng-href">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
+        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
+        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
+        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
 
-function weekParser(isoWeek, existingDate) {
-  if (isDate(isoWeek)) {
-    return isoWeek;
-  }
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
 
-  if (isString(isoWeek)) {
-    WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
-    var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
-    if (parts) {
-      var year = +parts[1],
-          week = +parts[2],
-          hours = 0,
-          minutes = 0,
-          seconds = 0,
-          milliseconds = 0,
-          firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
-          addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
+        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);
 
-      if (existingDate) {
-        hours = existingDate.getHours();
-        minutes = existingDate.getMinutes();
-        seconds = existingDate.getSeconds();
-        milliseconds = existingDate.getMilliseconds();
-      }
+          element(by.id('link-3')).click();
 
-      return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds);
-    }
-  }
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an AngularJS page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
 
-  return NaN;
-}
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/123$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
+        });
 
-function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
-  return function(iso, date) {
-    var parts, map;
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
 
-    if (isDate(iso)) {
-      return iso;
-    }
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
+        });
 
-    if (isString(iso)) {
-      // When a date is JSON'ified to wraps itself inside of an extra
-      // set of double quotes. This makes the date parsing code unable
-      // to match the date string and parse it as a date.
-      if (iso.charAt(0) == '"' && iso.charAt(iso.length - 1) == '"') {
-        iso = iso.substring(1, iso.length - 1);
-      }
-      if (ISO_DATE_REGEXP.test(iso)) {
-        return new Date(iso);
-      }
-      regexp.lastIndex = 0;
-      parts = regexp.exec(iso);
+        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
+          element(by.model('value')).clear();
+          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);
 
-      if (parts) {
-        parts.shift();
-        if (date) {
-          map = {
-            yyyy: date.getFullYear(),
-            MM: date.getMonth() + 1,
-            dd: date.getDate(),
-            HH: date.getHours(),
-            mm: date.getMinutes(),
-            ss: date.getSeconds(),
-            sss: date.getMilliseconds() / 1000
-          };
-        } else {
-          map = { yyyy: 1970, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0, ss: 0, sss: 0 };
-        }
+          element(by.id('link-6')).click();
 
-        forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
-          if (index < mapping.length) {
-            map[mapping[index]] = +part;
-          }
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an AngularJS page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/6$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
         });
-        return new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm, map.ss || 0, map.sss * 1000 || 0);
-      }
-    }
-
-    return NaN;
-  };
-}
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
 
-function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
-  return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter) {
-    badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
-    baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-    var timezone = ctrl && ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.timezone;
-    var previousDate;
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrc
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until AngularJS replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
 
-    ctrl.$$parserName = type;
-    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-      if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) return null;
-      if (regexp.test(value)) {
-        // Note: We cannot read ctrl.$modelValue, as there might be a different
-        // parser/formatter in the processing chain so that the model
-        // contains some different data format!
-        var parsedDate = parseDate(value, previousDate);
-        if (timezone) {
-          parsedDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(parsedDate, timezone);
-        }
-        return parsedDate;
-      }
-      return undefined;
-    });
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrcset
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using AngularJS markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until AngularJS replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
 
-    ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-      if (value && !isDate(value)) {
-        throw ngModelMinErr('datefmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a date', value);
-      }
-      if (isValidDate(value)) {
-        previousDate = value;
-        if (previousDate && timezone) {
-          previousDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(previousDate, timezone, true);
-        }
-        return $filter('date')(value, format, timezone);
-      } else {
-        previousDate = null;
-        return '';
-      }
-    });
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngDisabled
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * This directive sets the `disabled` attribute on the element (typically a form control,
+ * e.g. `input`, `button`, `select` etc.) if the
+ * {@link guide/expression expression} inside `ngDisabled` evaluates to truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `disabled`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-disabled">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle button', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `disabled` attribute will be set on the element
+ */
 
-    if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
-      var minVal;
-      ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
-        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || parseDate(value) >= minVal;
-      };
-      attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
-        minVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
-        ctrl.$validate();
-      });
-    }
 
-    if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
-      var maxVal;
-      ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
-        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || parseDate(value) <= maxVal;
-      };
-      attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
-        maxVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
-        ctrl.$validate();
-      });
-    }
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngChecked
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Sets the `checked` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngChecked` is truthy.
+ *
+ * Note that this directive should not be used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`},
+ * as this can lead to unexpected behavior.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `checked`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-checked">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="leader"></label><br/>
+        <input id="checkFollower" type="checkbox" ng-checked="leader" aria-label="Follower input">
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('checkFollower')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('leader')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('checkFollower')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `checked` attribute will be set on the element
+ */
 
-    function isValidDate(value) {
-      // Invalid Date: getTime() returns NaN
-      return value && !(value.getTime && value.getTime() !== value.getTime());
-    }
 
-    function parseObservedDateValue(val) {
-      return isDefined(val) && !isDate(val) ? parseDate(val) || undefined : val;
-    }
-  };
-}
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngReadonly
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the `readonly` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngReadonly` is truthy.
+ * Note that `readonly` applies only to `input` elements with specific types. [See the input docs on
+ * MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-readonly) for more information.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `readonly`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-readonly">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm AngularJS" aria-label="Readonly field" />
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
+ */
 
-function badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-  var node = element[0];
-  var nativeValidation = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = isObject(node.validity);
-  if (nativeValidation) {
-    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-      var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY) || {};
-      return validity.badInput || validity.typeMismatch ? undefined : value;
-    });
-  }
-}
 
-function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSelected
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the `selected` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngSelected` is truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `selected`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   **Note:** `ngSelected` does not interact with the `select` and `ngModel` directives, it only
+ *   sets the `selected` attribute on the element. If you are using `ngModel` on the select, you
+ *   should not use `ngSelected` on the options, as `ngModel` will set the select value and
+ *   selected options.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ng-selected">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"></label><br/>
+        <select aria-label="ngSelected demo">
+          <option>Hello!</option>
+          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
+        </select>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('selected')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element OPTION
+ * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
+ */
 
-  ctrl.$$parserName = 'number';
-  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value))      return null;
-    if (NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) return parseFloat(value);
-    return undefined;
-  });
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOpen
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the `open` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngOpen` is truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `open`
+ * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
+ *
+ * ## A note about browser compatibility
+ *
+ * Internet Explorer and Edge do not support the `details` element, it is
+ * recommended to use {@link ng.ngShow} and {@link ng.ngHide} instead.
+ *
+ * @example
+     <example name="ng-open">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <label>Toggle details: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"></label><br/>
+         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
+            <summary>List</summary>
+            <ul>
+              <li>Apple</li>
+              <li>Orange</li>
+              <li>Durian</li>
+            </ul>
+         </details>
+       </file>
+       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should toggle open', function() {
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
+           element(by.model('open')).click();
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
+         });
+       </file>
+     </example>
+ *
+ * @element DETAILS
+ * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
+ */
 
-  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-    if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
-      if (!isNumber(value)) {
-        throw ngModelMinErr('numfmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a number', value);
-      }
-      value = value.toString();
-    }
-    return value;
-  });
+var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
 
-  if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
-    var minVal;
-    ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
-      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || value >= minVal;
-    };
+// boolean attrs are evaluated
+forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
+  // binding to multiple is not supported
+  if (propName === 'multiple') return;
 
-    attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
-      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
-        val = parseFloat(val);
-      }
-      minVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
-      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
-      ctrl.$validate();
+  function defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+    scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
+      attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
     });
   }
 
-  if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
-    var maxVal;
-    ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
-      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || value <= maxVal;
-    };
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  var linkFn = defaultLinkFn;
 
-    attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
-      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
-        val = parseFloat(val);
+  if (propName === 'checked') {
+    linkFn = function(scope, element, attr) {
+      // ensuring ngChecked doesn't interfere with ngModel when both are set on the same input
+      if (attr.ngModel !== attr[normalized]) {
+        defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr);
       }
-      maxVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
-      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
-      ctrl.$validate();
-    });
-  }
-}
-
-function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
-  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
-
-  ctrl.$$parserName = 'url';
-  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
-    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
-  };
-}
-
-function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
-  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
-  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
-  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
-  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
-
-  ctrl.$$parserName = 'email';
-  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
-    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
-  };
-}
-
-function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-  // make the name unique, if not defined
-  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
-    element.attr('name', nextUid());
+    };
   }
 
-  var listener = function(ev) {
-    if (element[0].checked) {
-      ctrl.$setViewValue(attr.value, ev && ev.type);
-    }
-  };
-
-  element.on('click', listener);
-
-  ctrl.$render = function() {
-    var value = attr.value;
-    element[0].checked = (value == ctrl.$viewValue);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'A',
+      priority: 100,
+      link: linkFn
+    };
   };
+});
 
-  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
-}
-
-function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
-  var parseFn;
-  if (isDefined(expression)) {
-    parseFn = $parse(expression);
-    if (!parseFn.constant) {
-      throw ngModelMinErr('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
-                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
-    }
-    return parseFn(context);
-  }
-  return fallback;
-}
-
-function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
-  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
-  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);
+// aliased input attrs are evaluated
+forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 100,
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
+        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
+        if (ngAttr === 'ngPattern' && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) === '/') {
+          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
+          if (match) {
+            attr.$set('ngPattern', new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
+            return;
+          }
+        }
 
-  var listener = function(ev) {
-    ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
+        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
+          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
   };
+});
 
-  element.on('click', listener);
+// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
+forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+    return {
+      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var propName = attrName,
+            name = attrName;
 
-  ctrl.$render = function() {
-    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
-  };
+        if (attrName === 'href' &&
+            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+          name = 'xlinkHref';
+          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
+          propName = null;
+        }
 
-  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because the $viewValue of an empty checkbox is always set to `false`
-  // This is because of the parser below, which compares the `$modelValue` with `trueValue` to convert
-  // it to a boolean.
-  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-    return value === false;
-  };
+        // We need to sanitize the url at least once, in case it is a constant
+        // non-interpolated attribute.
+        attr.$set(normalized, $sce.getTrustedMediaUrl(attr[normalized]));
 
-  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-    return equals(value, trueValue);
-  });
+        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
+          if (!value) {
+            if (attrName === 'href') {
+              attr.$set(name, null);
+            }
+            return;
+          }
 
-  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
-    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
-  });
-}
+          attr.$set(name, value);
 
+          // Support: IE 9-11 only
+          // On IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
+          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
+          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
+          // We use attr[attrName] value since $set might have sanitized the url.
+          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+});
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name textarea
- * @restrict E
- *
- * @description
- * HTML textarea element control with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
- * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
- * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
- *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
- * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
- * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
- * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
- *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
- *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
- * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
- *    minlength.
- * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
- *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
- *    length.
- * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
- *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
- *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
- *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
- *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
- *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
- *    account.
- * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
- *    interaction with the input element.
- * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+/* global -nullFormCtrl, -PENDING_CLASS, -SUBMITTED_CLASS
  */
+var nullFormCtrl = {
+  $addControl: noop,
+  $getControls: valueFn([]),
+  $$renameControl: nullFormRenameControl,
+  $removeControl: noop,
+  $setValidity: noop,
+  $setDirty: noop,
+  $setPristine: noop,
+  $setSubmitted: noop,
+  $$setSubmitted: noop
+},
+PENDING_CLASS = 'ng-pending',
+SUBMITTED_CLASS = 'ng-submitted';
 
+function nullFormRenameControl(control, name) {
+  control.$name = name;
+}
 
 /**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name input
- * @restrict E
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name form.FormController
  *
- * @description
- * HTML input element control. When used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`}, it provides data-binding,
- * input state control, and validation.
- * Input control follows HTML5 input types and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
+ * @property {boolean} $submitted True if user has submitted the form even if its invalid.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** Not every feature offered is available for all input types.
- * Specifically, data binding and event handling via `ng-model` is unsupported for `input[file]`.
- * </div>
+ * @property {Object} $pending An object hash, containing references to controls or forms with
+ *  pending validators, where:
  *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
- * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
- * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
- * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
- * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
- *    minlength.
- * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
- *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
- *    length.
- * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
- *    value does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
- *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
- *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
- *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
- *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
- *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
- *    account.
- * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
- *    interaction with the input element.
- * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
- *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
- *    input.
+ *  - keys are validations tokens (error names).
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a pending validator for the given error name.
  *
- * @example
-    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
-      <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-          angular.module('inputExample', [])
-            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
-            }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <form name="myForm">
-           <label>
-              User name:
-              <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
-           </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
-              Required!</span>
-           </div>
-           <label>
-              Last name:
-              <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
-              ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
-           </label>
-           <div role="alert">
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
-               Too short!</span>
-             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
-               Too long!</span>
-           </div>
-         </form>
-         <hr>
-         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br/>
-         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br/>
-       </div>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        var user = element(by.exactBinding('user'));
-        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
-        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
-        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
-        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
-        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
-        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));
+ * See {@link form.FormController#$error $error} for a list of built-in validation tokens.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error An object hash, containing references to controls or forms with failing
+ *  validators, where:
+ *
+ *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a failing validator for the given error name.
+ *
+ *  Built-in validation tokens:
+ *  - `email`
+ *  - `max`
+ *  - `maxlength`
+ *  - `min`
+ *  - `minlength`
+ *  - `number`
+ *  - `pattern`
+ *  - `required`
+ *  - `url`
+ *  - `date`
+ *  - `datetimelocal`
+ *  - `time`
+ *  - `week`
+ *  - `month`
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
+ * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
+ *
+ * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
+ * of `FormController`.
+ *
+ */
+//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate', '$interpolate'];
+function FormController($element, $attrs, $scope, $animate, $interpolate) {
+  this.$$controls = [];
+
+  // init state
+  this.$error = {};
+  this.$$success = {};
+  this.$pending = undefined;
+  this.$name = $interpolate($attrs.name || $attrs.ngForm || '')($scope);
+  this.$dirty = false;
+  this.$pristine = true;
+  this.$valid = true;
+  this.$invalid = false;
+  this.$submitted = false;
+  this.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+
+  this.$$element = $element;
+  this.$$animate = $animate;
+
+  setupValidity(this);
+}
+
+FormController.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
+   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
+   */
+  $rollbackViewValue: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$rollbackViewValue();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  $commitViewValue: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$commitViewValue();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a control with the form. Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically
+   * when they are linked.
+   *
+   * Note that the current state of the control will not be reflected on the new parent form. This
+   * is not an issue with normal use, as freshly compiled and linked controls are in a `$pristine`
+   * state.
+   *
+   * However, if the method is used programmatically, for example by adding dynamically created controls,
+   * or controls that have been previously removed without destroying their corresponding DOM element,
+   * it's the developers responsibility to make sure the current state propagates to the parent form.
+   *
+   * For example, if an input control is added that is already `$dirty` and has `$error` properties,
+   * calling `$setDirty()` and `$validate()` afterwards will propagate the state to the parent form.
+   */
+  $addControl: function(control) {
+    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
+    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
+    this.$$controls.push(control);
 
-        it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
-          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-        });
+    if (control.$name) {
+      this[control.$name] = control;
+    }
 
-        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
-          userNameInput.clear();
-          userNameInput.sendKeys('');
+    control.$$parentForm = this;
+  },
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
-          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$getControls
+   * @returns {Array} the controls that are currently part of this form
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method returns a **shallow copy** of the controls that are currently part of this form.
+   * The controls can be instances of {@link form.FormController `FormController`}
+   * ({@link ngForm "child-forms"}) and of {@link ngModel.NgModelController `NgModelController`}.
+   * If you need access to the controls of child-forms, you have to call `$getControls()`
+   * recursively on them.
+   * This can be used for example to iterate over all controls to validate them.
+   *
+   * The controls can be accessed normally, but adding to, or removing controls from the array has
+   * no effect on the form. Instead, use {@link form.FormController#$addControl `$addControl()`} and
+   * {@link form.FormController#$removeControl `$removeControl()`} for this use-case.
+   * Likewise, adding a control to, or removing a control from the form is not reflected
+   * in the shallow copy. That means you should get a fresh copy from `$getControls()` every time
+   * you need access to the controls.
+   */
+  $getControls: function() {
+    return shallowCopy(this.$$controls);
+  },
 
-        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
-          userLastInput.clear();
-          userLastInput.sendKeys('');
+  // Private API: rename a form control
+  $$renameControl: function(control, newName) {
+    var oldName = control.$name;
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
-          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
-        });
+    if (this[oldName] === control) {
+      delete this[oldName];
+    }
+    this[newName] = control;
+    control.$name = newName;
+  },
 
-        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
-          userLastInput.clear();
-          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Deregister a control from the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
+   *
+   * Note that only the removed control's validation state (`$errors`etc.) will be removed from the
+   * form. `$dirty`, `$submitted` states will not be changed, because the expected behavior can be
+   * different from case to case. For example, removing the only `$dirty` control from a form may or
+   * may not mean that the form is still `$dirty`.
+   */
+  $removeControl: function(control) {
+    if (control.$name && this[control.$name] === control) {
+      delete this[control.$name];
+    }
+    forEach(this.$pending, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+    forEach(this.$error, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+    forEach(this.$$success, function(value, name) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
+      this.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    }, this);
+
+    arrayRemove(this.$$controls, control);
+    control.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+  },
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
-          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
+   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  $setDirty: function() {
+    this.$$animate.removeClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    this.$dirty = true;
+    this.$pristine = false;
+    this.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
+  },
 
-        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
-          userLastInput.clear();
-          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method sets the form's `$pristine` state to true, the `$dirty` state to false, removes
+   * the `ng-dirty` class and adds the `ng-pristine` class. Additionally, it sets the `$submitted`
+   * state to false.
+   *
+   * This method will also propagate to all the controls contained in this form.
+   *
+   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
+   * saving or resetting it.
+   */
+  $setPristine: function() {
+    this.$$animate.setClass(this.$$element, PRISTINE_CLASS, DIRTY_CLASS + ' ' + SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    this.$dirty = false;
+    this.$pristine = true;
+    this.$submitted = false;
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setPristine();
+    });
+  },
 
-          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
-          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
-          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
-        });
-      </file>
-    </example>
- */
-var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
-    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'E',
-    require: ['?ngModel'],
-    link: {
-      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
-        if (ctrls[0]) {
-          (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
-                                                              $browser, $filter, $parse);
-        }
-      }
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the form controls to their
+   * untouched state (ng-untouched class).
+   *
+   * Setting a form controls back to their untouched state is often useful when setting the form
+   * back to its pristine state.
+   */
+  $setUntouched: function() {
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setUntouched();
+    });
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setSubmitted
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its `$submitted` state. This will also set `$submitted` on all child and
+   * parent forms of the form.
+   */
+  $setSubmitted: function() {
+    var rootForm = this;
+    while (rootForm.$$parentForm && (rootForm.$$parentForm !== nullFormCtrl)) {
+      rootForm = rootForm.$$parentForm;
     }
-  };
-}];
+    rootForm.$$setSubmitted();
+  },
 
+  $$setSubmitted: function() {
+    this.$$animate.addClass(this.$$element, SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    this.$submitted = true;
+    forEach(this.$$controls, function(control) {
+      if (control.$$setSubmitted) {
+        control.$$setSubmitted();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+};
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Change the validity state of the form, and notify the parent form (if any).
+ *
+ * Application developers will rarely need to call this method directly. It is used internally, by
+ * {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity NgModelController.$setValidity()}, to propagate a
+ * control's validity state to the parent `FormController`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be
+ *        assigned to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]` (for
+ *        unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding. The
+ *        `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case for
+ *        class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and
+ *        `ng-invalid-my-error` classes and can be bound to as `{{ someForm.$error.myError }}`.
+ * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending
+ *        (undefined),  or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
+ *        Skipped is used by AngularJS when validators do not run because of parse errors and when
+ *        `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
+ * @param {NgModelController | FormController} controller - The controller whose validity state is
+ *        triggering the change.
+ */
+addSetValidityMethod({
+  clazz: FormController,
+  set: function(object, property, controller) {
+    var list = object[property];
+    if (!list) {
+      object[property] = [controller];
+    } else {
+      var index = list.indexOf(controller);
+      if (index === -1) {
+        list.push(controller);
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  unset: function(object, property, controller) {
+    var list = object[property];
+    if (!list) {
+      return;
+    }
+    arrayRemove(list, controller);
+    if (list.length === 0) {
+      delete object[property];
+    }
+  }
+});
 
-var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngValue
+ * @name ngForm
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Helper directive that makes it possible to create control groups inside a
+ * {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive.
+ * These "child forms" can be used, for example, to determine the validity of a sub-group of
+ * controls.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note**: `ngForm` cannot be used as a replacement for `<form>`, because it lacks its
+ * [built-in HTML functionality](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-form-element).
+ * Specifically, you cannot submit `ngForm` like a `<form>` tag. That means,
+ * you cannot send data to the server with `ngForm`, or integrate it with
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit `ngSubmit`}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will
+ *                              be published into the related scope, under this name.
+ *
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name form
+ * @restrict E
  *
  * @description
- * Binds the given expression to the value of `<option>` or {@link input[radio] `input[radio]`},
- * so that when the element is selected, the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} of that element is set to
- * the bound value.
+ * Directive that instantiates
+ * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
+ *
+ * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
+ * this name.
+ *
+ * ## Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
+ *
+ * In AngularJS, forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
+ * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
+ * AngularJS provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive, which behaves identically to
+ * `form` but can be nested. Nested forms can be useful, for example, if the validity of a sub-group
+ * of controls needs to be determined.
+ *
+ * ## CSS classes
+ *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
+ *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
+ *  - `ng-pending` is set if the form is pending.
+ *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
+ *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
+ *  - `ng-submitted` is set if the form was submitted.
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Submitting a form and preventing the default action
+ *
+ * Since the role of forms in client-side AngularJS applications is different than in classical
+ * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
+ * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
+ * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
+ *
+ * For this reason, AngularJS prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
+ * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
+ *
+ * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
+ * a form is submitted:
+ *
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
+  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
+ *
+ * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
+ * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
+ * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
+ *
+ * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
+ * (`ngSubmit`)
+ * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
+ * doesn't trigger submit
+ * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
+ * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
+ * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
+ *
+ * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
+ * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
  *
- * `ngValue` is useful when dynamically generating lists of radio buttons using
- * {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as shown below.
+ * @animations
+ * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
+ * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
+ * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
+ * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
+ * as JS animations.
  *
- * Likewise, `ngValue` can be used to generate `<option>` elements for
- * the {@link select `select`} element. In that case however, only strings are supported
- * for the `value `attribute, so the resulting `ngModel` will always be a string.
- * Support for `select` models with non-string values is available via `ngOptions`.
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
  *
- * @element input
- * @param {string=} ngValue angular expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
- *   of the `input` element
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-form {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-form.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
  *
  * @example
-    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
+    <example name="ng-form" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
       <file name="index.html">
        <script>
-          angular.module('valueExample', [])
-            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
-              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
-            }]);
+         angular.module('formExample', [])
+           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.userType = 'guest';
+           }]);
        </script>
-        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
-          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
-            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
-              {{name}}
-              <input type="radio"
-                     ng-model="my.favorite"
-                     ng-value="name"
-                     id="{{name}}"
-                     name="favorite">
-            </label>
-          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
+       <style>
+        .my-form {
+          transition:all linear 0.5s;
+          background: transparent;
+        }
+        .my-form.ng-invalid {
+          background: red;
+        }
+       </style>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
+         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
+         <code>userType = {{userType}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br>
         </form>
       </file>
       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));
-
         it('should initialize to model', function() {
-          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
         });
-        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
-          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
-          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));
+
+          userInput.clear();
+          userInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
         });
       </file>
     </example>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
  */
-var ngValueDirective = function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    priority: 100,
-    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
-      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
-        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
-          attr.$set('value', scope.$eval(attr.ngValue));
-        };
-      } else {
-        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
-          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
-            attr.$set('value', value);
-          });
+var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
+  return ['$timeout', '$parse', function($timeout, $parse) {
+    var formDirective = {
+      name: 'form',
+      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
+      require: ['form', '^^?form'], //first is the form's own ctrl, second is an optional parent form
+      controller: FormController,
+      compile: function ngFormCompile(formElement, attr) {
+        // Setup initial state of the control
+        formElement.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+
+        var nameAttr = attr.name ? 'name' : (isNgForm && attr.ngForm ? 'ngForm' : false);
+
+        return {
+          pre: function ngFormPreLink(scope, formElement, attr, ctrls) {
+            var controller = ctrls[0];
+
+            // if `action` attr is not present on the form, prevent the default action (submission)
+            if (!('action' in attr)) {
+              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
+              // action is not prevented. see #1238
+              //
+              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
+              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
+              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
+              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
+                scope.$apply(function() {
+                  controller.$commitViewValue();
+                  controller.$setSubmitted();
+                });
+
+                event.preventDefault();
+              };
+
+              formElement[0].addEventListener('submit', handleFormSubmission);
+
+              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
+              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
+              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                $timeout(function() {
+                  formElement[0].removeEventListener('submit', handleFormSubmission);
+                }, 0, false);
+              });
+            }
+
+            var parentFormCtrl = ctrls[1] || controller.$$parentForm;
+            parentFormCtrl.$addControl(controller);
+
+            var setter = nameAttr ? getSetter(controller.$name) : noop;
+
+            if (nameAttr) {
+              setter(scope, controller);
+              attr.$observe(nameAttr, function(newValue) {
+                if (controller.$name === newValue) return;
+                setter(scope, undefined);
+                controller.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(controller, newValue);
+                setter = getSetter(controller.$name);
+                setter(scope, controller);
+              });
+            }
+            formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+              controller.$$parentForm.$removeControl(controller);
+              setter(scope, undefined);
+              extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
+            });
+          }
         };
       }
+    };
+
+    return formDirective;
+
+    function getSetter(expression) {
+      if (expression === '') {
+        //create an assignable expression, so forms with an empty name can be renamed later
+        return $parse('this[""]').assign;
+      }
+      return $parse(expression).assign || noop;
     }
-  };
+  }];
 };
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBind
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngBind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
- * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
- * expression changes.
- *
- * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
- * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
- *
- * It is preferable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` if a template is momentarily
- * displayed by the browser in its raw state before Angular compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
- * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
- *
- * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
- * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
- *
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
- *
- * @example
- * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
-   <example module="bindExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <script>
-         angular.module('bindExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.name = 'Whirled';
-           }]);
-       </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <label>Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
-         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
-       </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
-         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
+var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
+
+/* global
+  VALID_CLASS: false,
+  INVALID_CLASS: false,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: false,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: false,
+  ngModelMinErr: false
+*/
+
+// Regex code was initially obtained from SO prior to modification: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3143070/javascript-regex-iso-datetime#answer-3143231
+var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /^\d{4,}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+(?:[+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)$/;
+// See valid URLs in RFC3987 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987)
+// Note: We are being more lenient, because browsers are too.
+//   1. Scheme
+//   2. Slashes
+//   3. Username
+//   4. Password
+//   5. Hostname
+//   6. Port
+//   7. Path
+//   8. Query
+//   9. Fragment
+//                 1111111111111111 222   333333    44444        55555555555555555555555     666     77777777     8888888     999
+var URL_REGEXP = /^[a-z][a-z\d.+-]*:\/*(?:[^:@]+(?::[^@]+)?@)?(?:[^\s:/?#]+|\[[a-f\d:]+])(?::\d+)?(?:\/[^?#]*)?(?:\?[^#]*)?(?:#.*)?$/i;
+// eslint-disable-next-line max-len
+var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^(?=.{1,254}$)(?=.{1,64}@)[-!#$%&'*+/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?)*$/;
+var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))([eE][+-]?\d+)?\s*$/;
+var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
+var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-W(\d\d)$/;
+var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)$/;
+var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+
+var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS = 'keydown wheel mousedown';
+var PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES = createMap();
+forEach('date,datetime-local,month,time,week'.split(','), function(type) {
+  PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] = true;
+});
+
+var inputType = {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[text]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Standard HTML text input with AngularJS data binding, inherited by most of the `input` elements.
+   *
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+   *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+   *    input.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 text: 'guest',
+                 word: /^\s*\w*\s*$/
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Single word:
+             <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="example.text"
+                    ng-pattern="example.word" required ng-trim="false">
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
+               Single word only!</span>
+           </div>
+           <code>text = {{example.text}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br/>
+           <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('example.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
 
-         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('Whirled');
-         nameInput.clear();
-         nameInput.sendKeys('world');
-         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('world');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngBindDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'AC',
-    compile: function ngBindCompile(templateElement) {
-      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
-      return function ngBindLink(scope, element, attr) {
-        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBind);
-        element = element[0];
-        scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
-          element.textContent = isUndefined(value) ? '' : value;
-        });
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
 
+          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('hello world');
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBindTemplate
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
- * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
- * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
- * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
- * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
- * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
- *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
- *
- * @example
- * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
-   <example module="bindExample">
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'text': textInputType,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc input
+     * @name input[date]
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
+     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
+     * expected input format via a placeholder or label.
+     *
+     * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+     * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+     *
+     * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+     *
+     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+     *   valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `min="{{minDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
+     *   a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `max="{{maxDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+     *    interaction with the input element.
+     *
+     * @example
+     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
-         angular.module('bindExample', [])
-           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-             $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
-             $scope.name = 'World';
-           }]);
+          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
+            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.example = {
+                value: new Date(2013, 9, 22)
+              };
+            }]);
        </script>
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <label>Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"></label><br>
-        <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
-        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
-       </div>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+          <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date in 2013:</label>
+          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
+          <div role="alert">
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                Required!</span>
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
+                Not a valid date!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+       </form>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
-         var salutationElem = element(by.binding('salutation'));
-         var salutationInput = element(by.model('salutation'));
-         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
-
-         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Hello World!');
+        var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
+        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-         salutationInput.clear();
-         salutationInput.sendKeys('Greetings');
-         nameInput.clear();
-         nameInput.sendKeys('user');
+        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+        function setInput(val) {
+          // set the value of the element and force validation.
+          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+          browser.executeScript(scr);
+        }
 
-         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Greetings user!');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', '$compile', function($interpolate, $compile) {
-  return {
-    compile: function ngBindTemplateCompile(templateElement) {
-      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
-      return function ngBindTemplateLink(scope, element, attr) {
-        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
-        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, interpolateFn.expressions);
-        element = element[0];
-        attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
-          element.textContent = isUndefined(value) ? '' : value;
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
         });
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
-
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBindHtml
- *
- * @description
- * Evaluates the expression and inserts the resulting HTML into the element in a secure way. By default,
- * the resulting HTML content will be sanitized using the {@link ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.
- * To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize` is available, for example, by including {@link
- * ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in core Angular). In order to use {@link ngSanitize}
- * in your module's dependencies, you need to include "angular-sanitize.js" in your application.
- *
- * You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
- * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
- * under {@link ng.$sce#show-me-an-example-using-sce- Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- *
- * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
- * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
- *
- * @example
-
-   <example module="bindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
-       </div>
-     </file>
-
-     <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('bindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.myHTML =
-              'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with ' +
-              '<a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
-         }]);
-     </file>
-
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('myHTML')).getText()).toBe(
-             'I am an HTMLstring with links! and other stuff');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', '$compile', function($sce, $parse, $compile) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    compile: function ngBindHtmlCompile(tElement, tAttrs) {
-      var ngBindHtmlGetter = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml);
-      var ngBindHtmlWatch = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml, function sceValueOf(val) {
-        // Unwrap the value to compare the actual inner safe value, not the wrapper object.
-        return $sce.valueOf(val);
-      });
-      $compile.$$addBindingClass(tElement);
 
-      return function ngBindHtmlLink(scope, element, attr) {
-        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBindHtml);
-
-        scope.$watch(ngBindHtmlWatch, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction() {
-          // The watched value is the unwrapped value. To avoid re-escaping, use the direct getter.
-          var value = ngBindHtmlGetter(scope);
-          element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(value) || '');
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          setInput('');
+          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
         });
-      };
-    }
-  };
-}];
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngChange
- *
- * @description
- * Evaluate the given expression when the user changes the input.
- * The expression is evaluated immediately, unlike the JavaScript onchange event
- * which only triggers at the end of a change (usually, when the user leaves the
- * form element or presses the return key).
- *
- * The `ngChange` expression is only evaluated when a change in the input value causes
- * a new value to be committed to the model.
- *
- * It will not be evaluated:
- * * if the value returned from the `$parsers` transformation pipeline has not changed
- * * if the input has continued to be invalid since the model will stay `null`
- * * if the model is changed programmatically and not by a change to the input value
- *
- *
- * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
- *
- * @element input
- * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
- * in input value.
- *
- * @example
- * <example name="ngChange-directive" module="changeExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *     <script>
- *       angular.module('changeExample', [])
- *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *           $scope.counter = 0;
- *           $scope.change = function() {
- *             $scope.counter++;
- *           };
- *         }]);
- *     </script>
- *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
- *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
- *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
- *       <tt>debug = {{confirmed}}</tt><br/>
- *       <tt>counter = {{counter}}</tt><br/>
- *     </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     var counter = element(by.binding('counter'));
- *     var debug = element(by.binding('confirmed'));
- *
- *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
- *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
- *
- *       element(by.id('ng-change-example1')).click();
- *
- *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('1');
- *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
- *     });
- *
- *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
- *       element(by.id('ng-change-example2')).click();
-
- *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
- *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- */
-var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
-  restrict: 'A',
-  require: 'ngModel',
-  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
-      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
-    });
-  }
-});
-
-function classDirective(name, selector) {
-  name = 'ngClass' + name;
-  return ['$animate', function($animate) {
-    return {
-      restrict: 'AC',
-      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
-        var oldVal;
-
-        scope.$watch(attr[name], ngClassWatchAction, true);
 
-        attr.$observe('class', function(value) {
-          ngClassWatchAction(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
+        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+          setInput('2015-01-01');
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
         });
+     </file>
+     </example>
+     */
+  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
+         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
+         'yyyy-MM-dd'),
 
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[datetime-local]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57:00`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * The format of the displayed time can be adjusted with the
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions} `timeSecondsFormat`
+    * and `timeStripZeroSeconds`.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `min="{{minDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `min` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `max` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('dateExample', [])
+          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.example = {
+              value: new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57)
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date between in 2013:</label>
+        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss" min="2001-01-01T00:00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
-          scope.$watch('$index', function($index, old$index) {
-            // jshint bitwise: false
-            var mod = $index & 1;
-            if (mod !== (old$index & 1)) {
-              var classes = arrayClasses(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
-              mod === selector ?
-                addClasses(classes) :
-                removeClasses(classes);
-            }
-          });
-        }
-
-        function addClasses(classes) {
-          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, 1);
-          attr.$addClass(newClasses);
-        }
-
-        function removeClasses(classes) {
-          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, -1);
-          attr.$removeClass(newClasses);
-        }
-
-        function digestClassCounts(classes, count) {
-          // Use createMap() to prevent class assumptions involving property
-          // names in Object.prototype
-          var classCounts = element.data('$classCounts') || createMap();
-          var classesToUpdate = [];
-          forEach(classes, function(className) {
-            if (count > 0 || classCounts[className]) {
-              classCounts[className] = (classCounts[className] || 0) + count;
-              if (classCounts[className] === +(count > 0)) {
-                classesToUpdate.push(className);
-              }
-            }
-          });
-          element.data('$classCounts', classCounts);
-          return classesToUpdate.join(' ');
-        }
-
-        function updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses) {
-          var toAdd = arrayDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
-          var toRemove = arrayDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
-          toAdd = digestClassCounts(toAdd, 1);
-          toRemove = digestClassCounts(toRemove, -1);
-          if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
-            $animate.addClass(element, toAdd);
-          }
-          if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
-            $animate.removeClass(element, toRemove);
-          }
-        }
-
-        function ngClassWatchAction(newVal) {
-          // jshint bitwise: false
-          if (selector === true || (scope.$index & 1) === selector) {
-          // jshint bitwise: true
-            var newClasses = arrayClasses(newVal || []);
-            if (!oldVal) {
-              addClasses(newClasses);
-            } else if (!equals(newVal,oldVal)) {
-              var oldClasses = arrayClasses(oldVal);
-              updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses);
-            }
-          }
-          if (isArray(newVal)) {
-            oldVal = newVal.map(function(v) { return shallowCopy(v); });
-          } else {
-            oldVal = shallowCopy(newVal);
-          }
-        }
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
       }
-    };
 
-    function arrayDifference(tokens1, tokens2) {
-      var values = [];
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
 
-      outer:
-      for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
-        var token = tokens1[i];
-        for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
-          if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
-        }
-        values.push(token);
-      }
-      return values;
-    }
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
 
-    function arrayClasses(classVal) {
-      var classes = [];
-      if (isArray(classVal)) {
-        forEach(classVal, function(v) {
-          classes = classes.concat(arrayClasses(v));
-        });
-        return classes;
-      } else if (isString(classVal)) {
-        return classVal.split(' ');
-      } else if (isObject(classVal)) {
-        forEach(classVal, function(v, k) {
-          if (v) {
-            classes = classes.concat(k.split(' '));
-          }
-        });
-        return classes;
-      }
-      return classVal;
-    }
-  }];
-}
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sss'),
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClass
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
- * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
- *
- * The directive operates in three different ways, depending on which of three types the expression
- * evaluates to:
- *
- * 1. If the expression evaluates to a string, the string should be one or more space-delimited class
- * names.
- *
- * 2. If the expression evaluates to an object, then for each key-value pair of the
- * object with a truthy value the corresponding key is used as a class name.
- *
- * 3. If the expression evaluates to an array, each element of the array should either be a string as in
- * type 1 or an object as in type 2. This means that you can mix strings and objects together in an array
- * to give you more control over what CSS classes appear. See the code below for an example of this.
- *
- *
- * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
- *
- * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then are the
- * new classes added.
- *
- * @knownIssue
- * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `class`
- * attribute, when using the `ngClass` directive on the same element.
- * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#addClass addClass}       | just before the class is applied to the element   |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#removeClass removeClass} | just before the class is removed from the element |
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
- *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
- *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
- *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
- *   element.
- *
- * @example Example that demonstrates basic bindings via ngClass directive.
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, 'has-error': error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
-       <label>
-          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted">
-          deleted (apply "strike" class)
-       </label><br>
-       <label>
-          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important">
-          important (apply "bold" class)
-       </label><br>
-       <label>
-          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error">
-          error (apply "has-error" class)
-       </label>
-       <hr>
-       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
-       <input type="text" ng-model="style"
-              placeholder="Type: bold strike red" aria-label="Type: bold strike red">
-       <hr>
-       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
-       <input ng-model="style1"
-              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
-       <input ng-model="style2"
-              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 2"><br>
-       <input ng-model="style3"
-              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 3"><br>
-       <hr>
-       <p ng-class="[style4, {orange: warning}]">Using Array and Map Syntax</p>
-       <input ng-model="style4" placeholder="Type: bold, strike" aria-label="Type: bold, strike"><br>
-       <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="warning"> warning (apply "orange" class)</label>
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .strike {
-           text-decoration: line-through;
-       }
-       .bold {
-           font-weight: bold;
-       }
-       .red {
-           color: red;
-       }
-       .has-error {
-           color: red;
-           background-color: yellow;
-       }
-       .orange {
-           color: orange;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       var ps = element.all(by.css('p'));
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[time]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 time input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * local time format (HH:mm:ss), for example: `14:57:00`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
+   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1970, or local date `new Date(1970, 0, 1, HH, mm, ss)`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions}. By default,
+   * this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * The format of the displayed time can be adjusted with the
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions#ngModelOptions-arguments ngModelOptions} `timeSecondsFormat`
+   * and `timeStripZeroSeconds`.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('timeExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a time between 8am and 5pm:</label>
+        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="HH:mm:ss" min="08:00:00" max="17:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
 
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/bold/);
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/has-error/);
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
 
-         element(by.model('important')).click();
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/bold/);
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
 
-         element(by.model('error')).click();
-         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/has-error/);
-       });
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+     'HH:mm:ss.sss'),
 
-       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
-         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
-         element(by.model('style')).clear();
-         element(by.model('style')).sendKeys('red');
-         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('red');
-       });
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[week]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The value of the resulting Date object will be set to Thursday at 00:00:00 of the requested week,
+    * due to ISO-8601 week numbering standards. Information on ISO's system for numbering the weeks of the
+    * year can be found at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Week_dates
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+      angular.module('weekExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 0, 3)
+          };
+        }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label>Pick a date between in 2013:
+          <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                 placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32"
+                 max="2013-W52" required />
+        </label>
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
-         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
-         element(by.model('style1')).sendKeys('bold');
-         element(by.model('style2')).sendKeys('strike');
-         element(by.model('style3')).sendKeys('red');
-         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold strike red');
-       });
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
 
-       it('array with map example should have 2 classes', function() {
-         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
-         element(by.model('style4')).sendKeys('bold');
-         element(by.model('warning')).click();
-         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold orange');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
 
-   ## Animations
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
 
-   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-W01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),
 
-   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input id="setbtn" type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
-      <input id="clearbtn" type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
-      <br>
-      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .base-class {
-         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
-       }
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[month]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   * If the model is not set to the first of the month, the next view to model update will set it
+   * to the first of the month.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
 
-       .base-class.my-class {
-         color: red;
-         font-size:3em;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-class', function() {
-         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
-           toMatch(/my-class/);
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('monthExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 9, 1)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+       <label for="exampleInput">Pick a month in 2013:</label>
+       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
+       <div role="alert">
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+            Required!</span>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
+            Not a valid month!</span>
+       </div>
+       <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
 
-         element(by.id('setbtn')).click();
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
 
-         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/my-class/);
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
 
-         element(by.id('clearbtn')).click();
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
 
-         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
-           toMatch(/my-class/);
-       });
-     </file>
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
    </example>
+   */
+  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
+     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
+     'yyyy-MM'),
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[number]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
+   * error if not a valid number.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * The model must always be of type `number` otherwise AngularJS will throw an error.
+   * Be aware that a string containing a number is not enough. See the {@link ngModel:numfmt}
+   * error docs for more information and an example of how to convert your model if necessary.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   *
+   *
+   * @knownIssue
+   *
+   * ### HTML5 constraint validation and `allowInvalid`
+   *
+   * In browsers that follow the
+   * [HTML5 specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#number-state-%28type=number%29),
+   * `input[number]` does not work as expected with {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}.
+   * If a non-number is entered in the input, the browser will report the value as an empty string,
+   * which means the view / model values in `ngModel` and subsequently the scope value
+   * will also be an empty string.
+   *
+   * @knownIssue
+   *
+   * ### Large numbers and `step` validation
+   *
+   * The `step` validation will not work correctly for very large numbers (e.g. 9999999999) due to
+   * Javascript's arithmetic limitations. If you need to handle large numbers, purpose-built
+   * libraries (e.g. https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/), can be included into AngularJS by
+   * {@link guide/forms#modifying-built-in-validators overwriting the validators}
+   * for `number` and / or `step`, or by {@link guide/forms#custom-validation applying custom validators}
+   * to an `input[text]` element. The source for `input[number]` type can be used as a starting
+   * point for both implementations.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} ngMin Like `min`, sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `ngMin`,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} ngMax Like `max`, sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `ngMax`,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} step Sets the `step` validation error key if the value entered does not fit the `step` constraint.
+   *    Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} ngStep Like `step`, sets the `step` validation error key if the value entered does not fit the `ngStep` constraint,
+   *    but does not trigger HTML5 native validation. Takes an expression.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('numberExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 value: 12
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Number:
+             <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                    min="0" max="99" required>
+          </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
+               Not valid number!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var value = element(by.binding('example.value'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
 
-   ## ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
-   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
-   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
-   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
-   to view the step by step details of {@link $animate#addClass $animate.addClass} and
-   {@link $animate#removeClass $animate.removeClass}.
- */
-var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClassOdd
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
- * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
- * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
- *
- * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
- * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
- *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
-          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
-           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
-             {{name}}
-           </span>
-          </li>
-        </ol>
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .odd {
-         color: red;
-       }
-       .even {
-         color: blue;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/odd/);
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/even/);
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);
-
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClassEven
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
- * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
- * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
- *
- * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
- * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
- *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
-          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
-           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
-             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
-           </span>
-          </li>
-        </ol>
-     </file>
-     <file name="style.css">
-       .odd {
-         color: red;
-       }
-       .even {
-         color: blue;
-       }
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/odd/);
-         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
-           toMatch(/even/);
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCloak
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
- * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
- * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
- *
- * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
- * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
- * of the browser view.
- *
- * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
- * `angular.min.js`.
- * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
- *
- * ```css
- * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
- *   display: none !important;
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
- * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When Angular encounters this directive
- * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
- * the compiled element visible.
- *
- * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
- * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
- * application.
- *
- * @element ANY
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
-        <div id="template2" class="ng-cloak">{{ 'world' }}</div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
-         expect($('#template1').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
-           toBeNull();
-         expect($('#template2').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
-           toBeNull();
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- *
- */
-var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
-  compile: function(element, attr) {
-    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
-    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
-  }
-});
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngController
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
- * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
- *
- * MVC components in angular:
- *
- * * Model — Models are the properties of a scope; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
- *   are accessed through bindings.
- * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
- * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
- *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
- *
- * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
- * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
- * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
- * and executed twice.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @scope
- * @priority 500
- * @param {expression} ngController Name of a constructor function registered with the current
- * {@link ng.$controllerProvider $controllerProvider} or an {@link guide/expression expression}
- * that on the current scope evaluates to a constructor function.
- *
- * The controller instance can be published into a scope property by specifying
- * `ng-controller="as propertyName"`.
- *
- * If the current `$controllerProvider` is configured to use globals (via
- * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#allowGlobals `$controllerProvider.allowGlobals()` }), this may
- * also be the name of a globally accessible constructor function (not recommended).
- *
- * @example
- * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
- * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
- * easily be called from the angular markup. Any changes to the data are automatically reflected
- * in the View without the need for a manual update.
- *
- * Two different declaration styles are included below:
- *
- * * one binds methods and properties directly onto the controller using `this`:
- * `ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings"`
- * * one injects `$scope` into the controller:
- * `ng-controller="SettingsController2"`
- *
- * The second option is more common in the Angular community, and is generally used in boilerplates
- * and in this guide. However, there are advantages to binding properties directly to the controller
- * and avoiding scope.
- *
- * * Using `controller as` makes it obvious which controller you are accessing in the template when
- * multiple controllers apply to an element.
- * * If you are writing your controllers as classes you have easier access to the properties and
- * methods, which will appear on the scope, from inside the controller code.
- * * Since there is always a `.` in the bindings, you don't have to worry about prototypal
- * inheritance masking primitives.
- *
- * This example demonstrates the `controller as` syntax.
- *
- * <example name="ngControllerAs" module="controllerAsExample">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *    <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
- *      <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/></label>
- *      <button ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</button><br/>
- *      Contact:
- *      <ul>
- *        <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
- *          <select ng-model="contact.type" aria-label="Contact method" id="select_{{$index}}">
- *             <option>phone</option>
- *             <option>email</option>
- *          </select>
- *          <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
- *          <button ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
- *          <button ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
- *        </li>
- *        <li><button ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</button></li>
- *     </ul>
- *    </div>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *    angular.module('controllerAsExample', [])
- *      .controller('SettingsController1', SettingsController1);
- *
- *    function SettingsController1() {
- *      this.name = "John Smith";
- *      this.contacts = [
- *        {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
- *        {type: 'email', value: 'john.smith@example.org'} ];
- *    }
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
- *      alert(this.name);
- *    };
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
- *      this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: 'yourname@example.org'});
- *    };
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
- *     var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
- *      this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
- *    };
- *
- *    SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
- *      contact.type = 'phone';
- *      contact.value = '';
- *    };
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     it('should check controller as', function() {
- *       var container = element(by.id('ctrl-as-exmpl'));
- *         expect(container.element(by.model('settings.name'))
- *           .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
- *
- *       var firstRepeat =
- *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(0));
- *       var secondRepeat =
- *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(1));
- *
- *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('408 555 1212');
- *
- *       expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
- *
- *       firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
- *
- *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('');
- *
- *       container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
- *
- *       expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(2))
- *           .element(by.model('contact.value'))
- *           .getAttribute('value'))
- *           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * This example demonstrates the "attach to `$scope`" style of controller.
- *
- * <example name="ngController" module="controllerExample">
- *  <file name="index.html">
- *   <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
- *     <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/></label>
- *     <button ng-click="greet()">greet</button><br/>
- *     Contact:
- *     <ul>
- *       <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
- *         <select ng-model="contact.type" id="select_{{$index}}">
- *            <option>phone</option>
- *            <option>email</option>
- *         </select>
- *         <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
- *         <button ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
- *         <button ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</button>
- *       </li>
- *       <li>[ <button ng-click="addContact()">add</button> ]</li>
- *    </ul>
- *   </div>
- *  </file>
- *  <file name="app.js">
- *   angular.module('controllerExample', [])
- *     .controller('SettingsController2', ['$scope', SettingsController2]);
- *
- *   function SettingsController2($scope) {
- *     $scope.name = "John Smith";
- *     $scope.contacts = [
- *       {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
- *       {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'} ];
- *
- *     $scope.greet = function() {
- *       alert($scope.name);
- *     };
- *
- *     $scope.addContact = function() {
- *       $scope.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
- *     };
- *
- *     $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
- *       var index = $scope.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
- *       $scope.contacts.splice(index, 1);
- *     };
- *
- *     $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
- *       contact.type = 'phone';
- *       contact.value = '';
- *     };
- *   }
- *  </file>
- *  <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *    it('should check controller', function() {
- *      var container = element(by.id('ctrl-exmpl'));
- *
- *      expect(container.element(by.model('name'))
- *          .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
- *
- *      var firstRepeat =
- *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(0));
- *      var secondRepeat =
- *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(1));
- *
- *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('408 555 1212');
- *      expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
- *
- *      firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
- *
- *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('');
- *
- *      container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
- *
- *      expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(2))
- *          .element(by.model('contact.value'))
- *          .getAttribute('value'))
- *          .toBe('yourname@example.org');
- *    });
- *  </file>
- *</example>
+          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('123');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'number': numberInputType,
 
- */
-var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    scope: true,
-    controller: '@',
-    priority: 500
-  };
-}];
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCsp
- *
- * @element html
- * @description
- *
- * Angular has some features that can break certain
- * [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) rules.
- *
- * If you intend to implement these rules then you must tell Angular not to use these features.
- *
- * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions or Universal Windows Apps.
- *
- *
- * The following rules affect Angular:
- *
- * * `unsafe-eval`: this rule forbids apps to use `eval` or `Function(string)` generated functions
- * (among other things). Angular makes use of this in the {@link $parse} service to provide a 30%
- * increase in the speed of evaluating Angular expressions.
- *
- * * `unsafe-inline`: this rule forbids apps from inject custom styles into the document. Angular
- * makes use of this to include some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ngCloak} and {@link ngHide}).
- * To make these directives work when a CSP rule is blocking inline styles, you must link to the
- * `angular-csp.css` in your HTML manually.
- *
- * If you do not provide `ngCsp` then Angular tries to autodetect if CSP is blocking unsafe-eval
- * and automatically deactivates this feature in the {@link $parse} service. This autodetection,
- * however, triggers a CSP error to be logged in the console:
- *
- * ```
- * Refused to evaluate a string as JavaScript because 'unsafe-eval' is not an allowed source of
- * script in the following Content Security Policy directive: "default-src 'self'". Note that
- * 'script-src' was not explicitly set, so 'default-src' is used as a fallback.
- * ```
- *
- * This error is harmless but annoying. To prevent the error from showing up, put the `ngCsp`
- * directive on an element of the HTML document that appears before the `<script>` tag that loads
- * the `angular.js` file.
- *
- * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
- *
- * You can specify which of the CSP related Angular features should be deactivated by providing
- * a value for the `ng-csp` attribute. The options are as follows:
- *
- * * no-inline-style: this stops Angular from injecting CSS styles into the DOM
- *
- * * no-unsafe-eval: this stops Angular from optimizing $parse with unsafe eval of strings
- *
- * You can use these values in the following combinations:
- *
- *
- * * No declaration means that Angular will assume that you can do inline styles, but it will do
- * a runtime check for unsafe-eval. E.g. `<body>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous versions
- * of Angular.
- *
- * * A simple `ng-csp` (or `data-ng-csp`) attribute will tell Angular to deactivate both inline
- * styles and unsafe eval. E.g. `<body ng-csp>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous versions
- * of Angular.
- *
- * * Specifying only `no-unsafe-eval` tells Angular that we must not use eval, but that we can inject
- * inline styles. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-unsafe-eval">`.
- *
- * * Specifying only `no-inline-style` tells Angular that we must not inject styles, but that we can
- * run eval - no automatic check for unsafe eval will occur. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-inline-style">`
- *
- * * Specifying both `no-unsafe-eval` and `no-inline-style` tells Angular that we must not inject
- * styles nor use eval, which is the same as an empty: ng-csp.
- * E.g.`<body ng-csp="no-inline-style;no-unsafe-eval">`
- *
- * @example
- * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
-   ```html
-     <!doctype html>
-     <html ng-app ng-csp>
-     ...
-     ...
-     </html>
-   ```
-  * @example
-      // Note: the suffix `.csp` in the example name triggers
-      // csp mode in our http server!
-      <example name="example.csp" module="cspExample" ng-csp="true">
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[url]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
+   * valid URL.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[url]` uses a regex to validate urls that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation, you can use `ng-pattern` or modify
+   * the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
         <file name="index.html">
-          <div ng-controller="MainController as ctrl">
-            <div>
-              <button ng-click="ctrl.inc()" id="inc">Increment</button>
-              <span id="counter">
-                {{ctrl.counter}}
-              </span>
-            </div>
-
-            <div>
-              <button ng-click="ctrl.evil()" id="evil">Evil</button>
-              <span id="evilError">
-                {{ctrl.evilError}}
-              </span>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </file>
-        <file name="script.js">
-           angular.module('cspExample', [])
-             .controller('MainController', function() {
-                this.counter = 0;
-                this.inc = function() {
-                  this.counter++;
-                };
-                this.evil = function() {
-                  // jshint evil:true
-                  try {
-                    eval('1+2');
-                  } catch (e) {
-                    this.evilError = e.message;
-                  }
-                };
-              });
+         <script>
+           angular.module('urlExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.url = {
+                 text: 'http://google.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>URL:
+             <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="url.text" required>
+           <label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
+               Not valid url!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>text = {{url.text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
         </file>
         <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-          var util, webdriver;
-
-          var incBtn = element(by.id('inc'));
-          var counter = element(by.id('counter'));
-          var evilBtn = element(by.id('evil'));
-          var evilError = element(by.id('evilError'));
+          var text = element(by.binding('url.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('url.text'));
 
-          function getAndClearSevereErrors() {
-            return browser.manage().logs().get('browser').then(function(browserLog) {
-              return browserLog.filter(function(logEntry) {
-                return logEntry.level.value > webdriver.logging.Level.WARNING.value;
-              });
-            });
-          }
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
 
-          function clearErrors() {
-            getAndClearSevereErrors();
-          }
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
 
-          function expectNoErrors() {
-            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
-              expect(filteredLog.length).toEqual(0);
-              if (filteredLog.length) {
-                console.log('browser console errors: ' + util.inspect(filteredLog));
-              }
-            });
-          }
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
 
-          function expectError(regex) {
-            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
-              var found = false;
-              filteredLog.forEach(function(log) {
-                if (log.message.match(regex)) {
-                  found = true;
-                }
-              });
-              if (!found) {
-                throw new Error('expected an error that matches ' + regex);
-              }
-            });
-          }
+          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('box');
 
-          beforeEach(function() {
-            util = require('util');
-            webdriver = require('protractor/node_modules/selenium-webdriver');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
           });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'url': urlInputType,
 
-          // For now, we only test on Chrome,
-          // as Safari does not load the page with Protractor's injected scripts,
-          // and Firefox webdriver always disables content security policy (#6358)
-          if (browser.params.browser !== 'chrome') {
-            return;
-          }
 
-          it('should not report errors when the page is loaded', function() {
-            // clear errors so we are not dependent on previous tests
-            clearErrors();
-            // Need to reload the page as the page is already loaded when
-            // we come here
-            browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
-              browser.get(url);
-            });
-            expectNoErrors();
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[email]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
+   * address.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[email]` uses a regex to validate email addresses that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium, which may not fulfill your app's requirements.
+   * If you need stricter (e.g. requiring a top-level domain), or more relaxed validation
+   * (e.g. allowing IPv6 address literals) you can use `ng-pattern` or
+   * modify the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide}).
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+   *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('emailExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.email = {
+                 text: 'me@example.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+             <label>Email:
+               <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="email.text" required>
+             </label>
+             <div role="alert">
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                 Required!</span>
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
+                 Not valid email!</span>
+             </div>
+             <tt>text = {{email.text}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
+           </form>
+         </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('email.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('email.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
           });
 
-          it('should evaluate expressions', function() {
-            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('0');
-            incBtn.click();
-            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('1');
-            expectNoErrors();
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
           });
 
-          it('should throw and report an error when using "eval"', function() {
-            evilBtn.click();
-            expect(evilError.getText()).toMatch(/Content Security Policy/);
-            expectError(/Content Security Policy/);
+          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('xxx');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
           });
         </file>
       </example>
-  */
+   */
+  'email': emailInputType,
 
-// ngCsp is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while we
-// bootstrap the system (before $parse is instantiated), for this reason we just have
-// the csp() fn that looks for the `ng-csp` attribute anywhere in the current doc
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngClick
- *
- * @description
- * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
- * an element is clicked.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * click. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment
-      </button>
-      <span>
-        count: {{count}}
-      </span>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-click', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('0');
-         element(by.css('button')).click();
-         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('1');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-/*
- * A collection of directives that allows creation of custom event handlers that are defined as
- * angular expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
- */
-var ngEventDirectives = {};
-
-// For events that might fire synchronously during DOM manipulation
-// we need to execute their event handlers asynchronously using $evalAsync,
-// so that they are not executed in an inconsistent state.
-var forceAsyncEvents = {
-  'blur': true,
-  'focus': true
-};
-forEach(
-  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
-  function(eventName) {
-    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + eventName);
-    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', '$rootScope', function($parse, $rootScope) {
-      return {
-        restrict: 'A',
-        compile: function($element, attr) {
-          // We expose the powerful $event object on the scope that provides access to the Window,
-          // etc. that isn't protected by the fast paths in $parse.  We explicitly request better
-          // checks at the cost of speed since event handler expressions are not executed as
-          // frequently as regular change detection.
-          var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName], /* interceptorFn */ null, /* expensiveChecks */ true);
-          return function ngEventHandler(scope, element) {
-            element.on(eventName, function(event) {
-              var callback = function() {
-                fn(scope, {$event:event});
-              };
-              if (forceAsyncEvents[eventName] && $rootScope.$$phase) {
-                scope.$evalAsync(callback);
-              } else {
-                scope.$apply(callback);
-              }
-            });
-          };
-        }
-      };
-    }];
-  }
-);
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[radio]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML radio button.
+   *
+   * **Note:**<br>
+   * All inputs controlled by {@link ngModel ngModel} (including those of type `radio`) will use the
+   * value of their `name` attribute to determine the property under which their
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController} will be published on the parent
+   * {@link form.FormController FormController}. Thus, if you use the same `name` for multiple
+   * inputs of a form (e.g. a group of radio inputs), only _one_ `NgModelController` will be
+   * published on the parent `FormController` under that name. The rest of the controllers will
+   * continue to work as expected, but you won't be able to access them as properties on the parent
+   * `FormController`.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-info">
+   *   <p>
+   *     In plain HTML forms, the `name` attribute is used to identify groups of radio inputs, so
+   *     that the browser can manage their state (checked/unchecked) based on the state of other
+   *     inputs in the same group.
+   *   </p>
+   *   <p>
+   *     In AngularJS forms, this is not necessary. The input's state will be updated based on the
+   *     value of the underlying model data.
+   *   </p>
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-success">
+   *   If you omit the `name` attribute on a radio input, `ngModel` will automatically assign it a
+   *   unique name.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string} value The value to which the `ngModel` expression should be set when selected.
+   *    Note that `value` only supports `string` values, i.e. the scope model needs to be a string,
+   *    too. Use `ngValue` if you need complex models (`number`, `object`, ...).
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {string} ngValue AngularJS expression to which `ngModel` will be be set when the radio
+   *    is selected. Should be used instead of the `value` attribute if you need
+   *    a non-string `ngModel` (`boolean`, `array`, ...).
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('radioExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.color = {
+                 name: 'blue'
+               };
+               $scope.specialValue = {
+                 "id": "12345",
+                 "value": "green"
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="red">
+             Red
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" ng-value="specialValue">
+             Green
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="blue">
+             Blue
+           </label><br/>
+           <tt>color = {{color.name | json}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var inputs = element.all(by.model('color.name'));
+            var color = element(by.binding('color.name'));
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngDblclick
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-dblclick="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (on double click)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');
 
+            inputs.get(0).click();
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMousedown
- *
- * @description
- * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mousedown. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mousedown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (on mouse down)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+            inputs.get(1).click();
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('green');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'radio': radioInputType,
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[range]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Native range input with validation and transformation.
+   *
+   * The model for the range input must always be a `Number`.
+   *
+   * IE9 and other browsers that do not support the `range` type fall back
+   * to a text input without any default values for `min`, `max` and `step`. Model binding,
+   * validation and number parsing are nevertheless supported.
+   *
+   * Browsers that support range (latest Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge) treat `input[range]`
+   * in a way that never allows the input to hold an invalid value. That means:
+   * - any non-numerical value is set to `(max + min) / 2`.
+   * - any numerical value that is less than the current min val, or greater than the current max val
+   * is set to the min / max val respectively.
+   * - additionally, the current `step` is respected, so the nearest value that satisfies a step
+   * is used.
+   *
+   * See the [HTML Spec on input[type=range]](https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/forms.html#range-state-(type=range))
+   * for more info.
+   *
+   * This has the following consequences for AngularJS:
+   *
+   * Since the element value should always reflect the current model value, a range input
+   * will set the bound ngModel expression to the value that the browser has set for the
+   * input element. For example, in the following input `<input type="range" ng-model="model.value">`,
+   * if the application sets `model.value = null`, the browser will set the input to `'50'`.
+   * AngularJS will then set the model to `50`, to prevent input and model value being out of sync.
+   *
+   * That means the model for range will immediately be set to `50` after `ngModel` has been
+   * initialized. It also means a range input can never have the required error.
+   *
+   * This does not only affect changes to the model value, but also to the values of the `min`,
+   * `max`, and `step` attributes. When these change in a way that will cause the browser to modify
+   * the input value, AngularJS will also update the model value.
+   *
+   * Automatic value adjustment also means that a range input element can never have the `required`,
+   * `min`, or `max` errors.
+   *
+   * However, `step` is currently only fully implemented by Firefox. Other browsers have problems
+   * when the step value changes dynamically - they do not adjust the element value correctly, but
+   * instead may set the `stepMismatch` error. If that's the case, the AngularJS will set the `step`
+   * error on the input, and set the model to `undefined`.
+   *
+   * Note that `input[range]` is not compatible with`ngMax`, `ngMin`, and `ngStep`, because they do
+   * not set the `min` and `max` attributes, which means that the browser won't automatically adjust
+   * the input value based on their values, and will always assume min = 0, max = 100, and step = 1.
+   *
+   * @param {string}  ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation to ensure that the value entered is greater
+   *                  than `min`. Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation to ensure that the value entered is less than `max`.
+   *                  Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {string=} step Sets the `step` validation to ensure that the value entered matches the `step`
+   *                  Can be interpolated.
+   * @param {expression=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when the ngModel value changes due
+   *                      to user interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {expression=} ngChecked If the expression is truthy, then the `checked` attribute will be set on the
+   *                      element. **Note** : `ngChecked` should not be used alongside `ngModel`.
+   *                      Checkout {@link ng.directive:ngChecked ngChecked} for usage.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="range-input-directive" module="rangeExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <script>
+            angular.module('rangeExample', [])
+              .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+                $scope.value = 75;
+                $scope.min = 10;
+                $scope.max = 90;
+              }]);
+          </script>
+          <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+
+            Model as range: <input type="range" name="range" ng-model="value" min="{{min}}"  max="{{max}}">
+            <hr>
+            Model as number: <input type="number" ng-model="value"><br>
+            Min: <input type="number" ng-model="min"><br>
+            Max: <input type="number" ng-model="max"><br>
+            value = <code>{{value}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$valid = <code>{{myForm.range.$valid}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$error = <code>{{myForm.range.$error}}</code>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+      </example>
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseup
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseup. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (on mouse up)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+   * ## Range Input with ngMin & ngMax attributes
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseover
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseover. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseover="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse is over)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+   * @example
+      <example name="range-input-directive-ng" module="rangeExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <script>
+            angular.module('rangeExample', [])
+              .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+                $scope.value = 75;
+                $scope.min = 10;
+                $scope.max = 90;
+              }]);
+          </script>
+          <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+            Model as range: <input type="range" name="range" ng-model="value" ng-min="min" ng-max="max">
+            <hr>
+            Model as number: <input type="number" ng-model="value"><br>
+            Min: <input type="number" ng-model="min"><br>
+            Max: <input type="number" ng-model="max"><br>
+            value = <code>{{value}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$valid = <code>{{myForm.range.$valid}}</code><br/>
+            myForm.range.$error = <code>{{myForm.range.$error}}</code>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+      </example>
 
+   */
+  'range': rangeInputType,
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseenter
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseenter. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseenter="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse enters)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[checkbox]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML checkbox.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.checkboxModel = {
+                value1 : true,
+                value2 : 'YES'
+              };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Value1:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value1">
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>Value2:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value2"
+                    ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'">
+            </label><br/>
+           <tt>value1 = {{checkboxModel.value1}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>value2 = {{checkboxModel.value2}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var value1 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value1'));
+            var value2 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value2'));
 
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMouseleave
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mouseleave. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mouseleave="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse leaves)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value1')).click();
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value2')).click();
 
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngMousemove
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * mousemove. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <button ng-mousemove="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-        Increment (when mouse moves)
-      </button>
-      count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+  'hidden': noop,
+  'button': noop,
+  'submit': noop,
+  'reset': noop,
+  'file': noop
+};
 
+function stringBasedInputType(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? value : value.toString();
+  });
+}
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngKeydown
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-      key down count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+}
 
+function baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  var type = lowercase(element[0].type);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngKeyup
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the key count</p>
-       <input ng-keyup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0"> key up count: {{count}}
+  // In composition mode, users are still inputting intermediate text buffer,
+  // hold the listener until composition is done.
+  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
+  if (!$sniffer.android) {
+    var composing = false;
 
-       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the keycode</p>
-       <input ng-keyup="event=$event">
-       <p>event keyCode: {{ event.keyCode }}</p>
-       <p>event altKey: {{ event.altKey }}</p>
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+    element.on('compositionstart', function() {
+      composing = true;
+    });
 
+    // Support: IE9+
+    element.on('compositionupdate', function(ev) {
+      // End composition when ev.data is empty string on 'compositionupdate' event.
+      // When the input de-focusses (e.g. by clicking away), IE triggers 'compositionupdate'
+      // instead of 'compositionend'.
+      if (isUndefined(ev.data) || ev.data === '') {
+        composing = false;
+      }
+    });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngKeypress
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * keypress. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`}
- * and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-keypress="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
-      key press count: {{count}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+    element.on('compositionend', function() {
+      composing = false;
+      listener();
+    });
+  }
 
+  var timeout;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngSubmit
- *
- * @description
- * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
- *
- * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
- * server and reloading the current page), but only if the form does not contain `action`,
- * `data-action`, or `x-action` attributes.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Warning:** Be careful not to cause "double-submission" by using both the `ngClick` and
- * `ngSubmit` handlers together. See the
- * {@link form#submitting-a-form-and-preventing-the-default-action `form` directive documentation}
- * for a detailed discussion of when `ngSubmit` may be triggered.
- * </div>
- *
- * @element form
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
- * ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="submitExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <script>
-        angular.module('submitExample', [])
-          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-            $scope.list = [];
-            $scope.text = 'hello';
-            $scope.submit = function() {
-              if ($scope.text) {
-                $scope.list.push(this.text);
-                $scope.text = '';
-              }
-            };
-          }]);
-      </script>
-      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        Enter text and hit enter:
-        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
-        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
-        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
-      </form>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
-         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
-         expect(element(by.model('text')).getAttribute('value')).toBe('');
-       });
-       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
-         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
-         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
-         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
-        });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    if (timeout) {
+      $browser.defer.cancel(timeout);
+      timeout = null;
+    }
+    if (composing) return;
+    var value = element.val(),
+        event = ev && ev.type;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngFocus
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
- *
- * Note: As the `focus` event is executed synchronously when calling `input.focus()`
- * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
- * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
- *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * focus. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
- * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
- */
+    // By default we will trim the value
+    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
+    // If input type is 'password', the value is never trimmed
+    if (type !== 'password' && (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false')) {
+      value = trim(value);
+    }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngBlur
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
- *
- * A [blur event](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/blur) fires when
- * an element has lost focus.
- *
- * Note: As the `blur` event is executed synchronously also during DOM manipulations
- * (e.g. removing a focussed input),
- * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
- * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
- *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * blur. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
- * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
- */
+    // If a control is suffering from bad input (due to native validators), browsers discard its
+    // value, so it may be necessary to revalidate (by calling $setViewValue again) even if the
+    // control's value is the same empty value twice in a row.
+    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event);
+    }
+  };
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCopy
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
- *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * copy. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-copy="copied=true" ng-init="copied=false; value='copy me'" ng-model="value">
-      copied: {{copied}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
+  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
+  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
+    element.on('input', listener);
+  } else {
+    var deferListener = function(ev, input, origValue) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (!input || input.value !== origValue) {
+            listener(ev);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    };
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngCut
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
- *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * cut. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-cut="cut=true" ng-init="cut=false; value='cut me'" ng-model="value">
-      cut: {{cut}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+    element.on('keydown', /** @this */ function(event) {
+      var key = event.keyCode;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngPaste
- *
- * @description
- * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
- *
- * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
- * @priority 0
- * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
- * paste. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
- *
- * @example
-   <example>
-     <file name="index.html">
-      <input ng-paste="paste=true" ng-init="paste=false" placeholder='paste here'>
-      pasted: {{paste}}
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
+      // ignore
+      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
+      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngIf
- * @restrict A
- * @multiElement
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
- * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
- * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
- * element is reinserted into the DOM.
- *
- * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
- * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
- * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
- * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
- *
- * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
- * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
- * its parent scope using
- * [prototypal inheritance](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes#javascript-prototypal-inheritance).
- * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
- * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
- * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
- *
- * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
- * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
- * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
- * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
- *
- * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
- * and `leave` effects.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                               |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | just after the `ngIf` contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the `ngIf` container |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | just before the `ngIf` contents are removed from the DOM |
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @scope
- * @priority 600
- * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
- *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
- *     element is added to the DOM tree.
- *
- * @example
-  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <label>Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /></label><br/>
-      Show when checked:
-      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
-        This is removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
-      </span>
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .animate-if {
-        background:white;
-        border:1px solid black;
-        padding:10px;
-      }
+      deferListener(event, this, this.value);
+    });
 
-      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
-        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
-      }
+    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste", "cut" and "drop" events to catch it
+    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
+      element.on('paste cut drop', deferListener);
+    }
+  }
 
-      .animate-if.ng-enter,
-      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
-        opacity:0;
-      }
+  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
+  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
+  element.on('change', listener);
 
-      .animate-if.ng-leave,
-      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
-        opacity:1;
-      }
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
-  return {
-    multiElement: true,
-    transclude: 'element',
-    priority: 600,
-    terminal: true,
-    restrict: 'A',
-    $$tlb: true,
-    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
-        var block, childScope, previousElements;
-        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {
-
-          if (value) {
-            if (!childScope) {
-              $transclude(function(clone, newScope) {
-                childScope = newScope;
-                clone[clone.length++] = $compile.$$createComment('end ngIf', $attr.ngIf);
-                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
-                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
-                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
-                block = {
-                  clone: clone
-                };
-                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
-              });
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (previousElements) {
-              previousElements.remove();
-              previousElements = null;
-            }
-            if (childScope) {
-              childScope.$destroy();
-              childScope = null;
-            }
-            if (block) {
-              previousElements = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
-              $animate.leave(previousElements).then(function() {
-                previousElements = null;
-              });
-              block = null;
-            }
+  // Some native input types (date-family) have the ability to change validity without
+  // firing any input/change events.
+  // For these event types, when native validators are present and the browser supports the type,
+  // check for validity changes on various DOM events.
+  if (PARTIAL_VALIDATION_TYPES[type] && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && type === attr.type) {
+    element.on(PARTIAL_VALIDATION_EVENTS, /** @this */ function(ev) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        var validity = this[VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY];
+        var origBadInput = validity.badInput;
+        var origTypeMismatch = validity.typeMismatch;
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (validity.badInput !== origBadInput || validity.typeMismatch !== origTypeMismatch) {
+            listener(ev);
           }
         });
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    // Workaround for Firefox validation #12102.
+    var value = ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue;
+    if (element.val() !== value) {
+      element.val(value);
     }
   };
-}];
+}
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngInclude
- * @restrict ECA
- *
- * @description
- * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
- *
- * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
- * application document. This is done by calling {@link $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
- * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
- * you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist them} or
- * {@link $sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} as trusted values. Refer to Angular's {@link
- * ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
- *
- * In addition, the browser's
- * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
- * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
- * policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
- * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
- * access on some browsers.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | when the expression changes, on the new include |
- * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | when the expression changes, on the old include |
- *
- * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
- *
- * @scope
- * @priority 400
- *
- * @param {string} ngInclude|src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
- *                 make sure you wrap it in **single** quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
- * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
- *                  <div class="alert alert-warning">
- *                  **Note:** When using onload on SVG elements in IE11, the browser will try to call
- *                  a function with the name on the window element, which will usually throw a
- *                  "function is undefined" error. To fix this, you can instead use `data-onload` or a
- *                  different form that {@link guide/directive#normalization matches} `onload`.
- *                  </div>
-   *
- * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
- *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
- *
- *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
- *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
- *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
- *
- * @example
-  <example module="includeExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
-    <file name="index.html">
-     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
-        <option value="">(blank)</option>
-       </select>
-       url of the template: <code>{{template.url}}</code>
-       <hr/>
-       <div class="slide-animate-container">
-         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
-       </div>
-     </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('includeExample', ['ngAnimate'])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.templates =
-            [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'},
-              { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'} ];
-          $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
-        }]);
-     </file>
-    <file name="template1.html">
-      Content of template1.html
-    </file>
-    <file name="template2.html">
-      Content of template2.html
-    </file>
-    <file name="animations.css">
-      .slide-animate-container {
-        position:relative;
-        background:white;
-        border:1px solid black;
-        height:40px;
-        overflow:hidden;
-      }
+function weekParser(isoWeek, existingDate) {
+  if (isDate(isoWeek)) {
+    return isoWeek;
+  }
 
-      .slide-animate {
-        padding:10px;
+  if (isString(isoWeek)) {
+    WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
+    var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
+    if (parts) {
+      var year = +parts[1],
+          week = +parts[2],
+          hours = 0,
+          minutes = 0,
+          seconds = 0,
+          milliseconds = 0,
+          firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
+          addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
+
+      if (existingDate) {
+        hours = existingDate.getHours();
+        minutes = existingDate.getMinutes();
+        seconds = existingDate.getSeconds();
+        milliseconds = existingDate.getMilliseconds();
       }
 
-      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
-        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+      return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds);
+    }
+  }
 
-        position:absolute;
-        top:0;
-        left:0;
-        right:0;
-        bottom:0;
-        display:block;
-        padding:10px;
-      }
+  return NaN;
+}
 
-      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
-        top:-50px;
-      }
-      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
-        top:0;
-      }
+function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
+  return function(iso, previousDate) {
+    var parts, map;
 
-      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
-        top:0;
+    if (isDate(iso)) {
+      return iso;
+    }
+
+    if (isString(iso)) {
+      // When a date is JSON'ified to wraps itself inside of an extra
+      // set of double quotes. This makes the date parsing code unable
+      // to match the date string and parse it as a date.
+      if (iso.charAt(0) === '"' && iso.charAt(iso.length - 1) === '"') {
+        iso = iso.substring(1, iso.length - 1);
       }
-      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
-        top:50px;
+      if (ISO_DATE_REGEXP.test(iso)) {
+        return new Date(iso);
       }
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var templateSelect = element(by.model('template'));
-      var includeElem = element(by.css('[ng-include]'));
+      regexp.lastIndex = 0;
+      parts = regexp.exec(iso);
 
-      it('should load template1.html', function() {
-        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
-      });
+      if (parts) {
+        parts.shift();
+        if (previousDate) {
+          map = {
+            yyyy: previousDate.getFullYear(),
+            MM: previousDate.getMonth() + 1,
+            dd: previousDate.getDate(),
+            HH: previousDate.getHours(),
+            mm: previousDate.getMinutes(),
+            ss: previousDate.getSeconds(),
+            sss: previousDate.getMilliseconds() / 1000
+          };
+        } else {
+          map = { yyyy: 1970, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0, ss: 0, sss: 0 };
+        }
+
+        forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
+          if (index < mapping.length) {
+            map[mapping[index]] = +part;
+          }
+        });
 
-      it('should load template2.html', function() {
-        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
-          // Firefox can't handle using selects
-          // See https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/480
-          return;
+        var date = new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm, map.ss || 0, map.sss * 1000 || 0);
+        if (map.yyyy < 100) {
+          // In the constructor, 2-digit years map to 1900-1999.
+          // Use `setFullYear()` to set the correct year.
+          date.setFullYear(map.yyyy);
         }
-        templateSelect.click();
-        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
-        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
-      });
 
-      it('should change to blank', function() {
-        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
-          // Firefox can't handle using selects
-          return;
-        }
-        templateSelect.click();
-        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(0).click();
-        expect(includeElem.isPresent()).toBe(false);
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
+        return date;
+      }
+    }
 
+    return NaN;
+  };
+}
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc event
- * @name ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
- * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
- * @description
- * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
- *
- * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
- * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
- */
+function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
+  return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+    badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, type);
+    baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
 
+    var isTimeType = type === 'time' || type === 'datetimelocal';
+    var previousDate;
+    var previousTimezone;
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc event
- * @name ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
- * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
- * @description
- * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
- *
- * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
- * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
- */
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) return null;
 
+      if (regexp.test(value)) {
+        // Note: We cannot read ctrl.$modelValue, as there might be a different
+        // parser/formatter in the processing chain so that the model
+        // contains some different data format!
+        return parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(value, previousDate);
+      }
+      ctrl.$$parserName = type;
+      return undefined;
+    });
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc event
- * @name ngInclude#$includeContentError
- * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
- * @description
- * Emitted when a template HTTP request yields an erroneous response (status < 200 || status > 299)
- *
- * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
- * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
- */
-var ngIncludeDirective = ['$templateRequest', '$anchorScroll', '$animate',
-                  function($templateRequest,   $anchorScroll,   $animate) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'ECA',
-    priority: 400,
-    terminal: true,
-    transclude: 'element',
-    controller: angular.noop,
-    compile: function(element, attr) {
-      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
-          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
-          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;
-
-      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
-        var changeCounter = 0,
-            currentScope,
-            previousElement,
-            currentElement;
-
-        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
-          if (previousElement) {
-            previousElement.remove();
-            previousElement = null;
-          }
-          if (currentScope) {
-            currentScope.$destroy();
-            currentScope = null;
-          }
-          if (currentElement) {
-            $animate.leave(currentElement).then(function() {
-              previousElement = null;
-            });
-            previousElement = currentElement;
-            currentElement = null;
-          }
-        };
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+      if (value && !isDate(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('datefmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a date', value);
+      }
+      if (isValidDate(value)) {
+        previousDate = value;
+        var timezone = ctrl.$options.getOption('timezone');
 
-        scope.$watch(srcExp, function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
-          var afterAnimation = function() {
-            if (isDefined(autoScrollExp) && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
-              $anchorScroll();
-            }
-          };
-          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;
-
-          if (src) {
-            //set the 2nd param to true to ignore the template request error so that the inner
-            //contents and scope can be cleaned up.
-            $templateRequest(src, true).then(function(response) {
-              if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
-
-              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
-              var newScope = scope.$new();
-              ctrl.template = response;
-
-              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
-              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
-              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
-              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
-              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
-              // directives to non existing elements.
-              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
-                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
-                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element).then(afterAnimation);
-              });
+        if (timezone) {
+          previousTimezone = timezone;
+          previousDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(previousDate, timezone, true);
+        }
 
-              currentScope = newScope;
-              currentElement = clone;
+        return formatter(value, timezone);
+      } else {
+        previousDate = null;
+        previousTimezone = null;
+        return '';
+      }
+    });
 
-              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded', src);
-              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
-            }, function() {
-              if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
+    if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+      var minVal = attr.min || $parse(attr.ngMin)(scope);
+      var parsedMinVal = parseObservedDateValue(minVal);
 
-              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) {
-                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
-                scope.$emit('$includeContentError', src);
-              }
-            });
-            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested', src);
-          } else {
-            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
-            ctrl.template = null;
-          }
-        });
+      ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(parsedMinVal) || parseDate(value) >= parsedMinVal;
       };
+      attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+        if (val !== minVal) {
+          parsedMinVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+          minVal = val;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+      });
     }
-  };
-}];
 
-// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
-// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
-// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
-// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
-// is called.
-var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
-  function($compile) {
-    return {
-      restrict: 'ECA',
-      priority: -400,
-      require: 'ngInclude',
-      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
-        if (toString.call($element[0]).match(/SVG/)) {
-          // WebKit: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=135698 --- SVG elements do not
-          // support innerHTML, so detect this here and try to generate the contents
-          // specially.
-          $element.empty();
-          $compile(jqLiteBuildFragment(ctrl.template, window.document).childNodes)(scope,
-              function namespaceAdaptedClone(clone) {
-            $element.append(clone);
-          }, {futureParentElement: $element});
-          return;
+    if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+      var maxVal = attr.max || $parse(attr.ngMax)(scope);
+      var parsedMaxVal = parseObservedDateValue(maxVal);
+
+      ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(parsedMaxVal) || parseDate(value) <= parsedMaxVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+        if (val !== maxVal) {
+          parsedMaxVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+          maxVal = val;
+          ctrl.$validate();
         }
+      });
+    }
+
+    function isValidDate(value) {
+      // Invalid Date: getTime() returns NaN
+      return value && !(value.getTime && value.getTime() !== value.getTime());
+    }
+
+    function parseObservedDateValue(val) {
+      return isDefined(val) && !isDate(val) ? parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(val) || undefined : val;
+    }
+
+    function parseDateAndConvertTimeZoneToLocal(value, previousDate) {
+      var timezone = ctrl.$options.getOption('timezone');
 
-        $element.html(ctrl.template);
-        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
+      if (previousTimezone && previousTimezone !== timezone) {
+        // If the timezone has changed, adjust the previousDate to the default timezone
+        // so that the new date is converted with the correct timezone offset
+        previousDate = addDateMinutes(previousDate, timezoneToOffset(previousTimezone));
       }
-    };
-  }];
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngInit
- * @restrict AC
- *
- * @description
- * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
- * current scope.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * This directive can be abused to add unnecessary amounts of logic into your templates.
- * There are only a few appropriate uses of `ngInit`, such as for aliasing special properties of
- * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as seen in the demo below; and for injecting data via
- * server side scripting. Besides these few cases, you should use {@link guide/controller controllers}
- * rather than `ngInit` to initialize values on a scope.
- * </div>
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note**: If you have assignment in `ngInit` along with a {@link ng.$filter `filter`}, make
- * sure you have parentheses to ensure correct operator precedence:
- * <pre class="prettyprint">
- * `<div ng-init="test1 = ($index | toString)"></div>`
- * </pre>
- * </div>
- *
- * @priority 450
- *
- * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
- *
- * @example
-   <example module="initExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
-   <script>
-     angular.module('initExample', [])
-       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-         $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
-       }]);
-   </script>
-   <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
-       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
-          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
-       </div>
-     </div>
-   </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should alias index positions', function() {
-         var elements = element.all(by.css('.example-init'));
-         expect(elements.get(0).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;');
-         expect(elements.get(1).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;');
-         expect(elements.get(2).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;');
-         expect(elements.get(3).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
-       });
-     </file>
-   </example>
- */
-var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
-  priority: 450,
-  compile: function() {
-    return {
-      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
-        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
+      var parsedDate = parseDate(value, previousDate);
+
+      if (!isNaN(parsedDate) && timezone) {
+        parsedDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(parsedDate, timezone);
       }
-    };
-  }
-});
+      return parsedDate;
+    }
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngList
- *
- * @description
- * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The default
- * delimiter is a comma followed by a space - equivalent to `ng-list=", "`. You can specify a custom
- * delimiter as the value of the `ngList` attribute - for example, `ng-list=" | "`.
- *
- * The behaviour of the directive is affected by the use of the `ngTrim` attribute.
- * * If `ngTrim` is set to `"false"` then whitespace around both the separator and each
- *   list item is respected. This implies that the user of the directive is responsible for
- *   dealing with whitespace but also allows you to use whitespace as a delimiter, such as a
- *   tab or newline character.
- * * Otherwise whitespace around the delimiter is ignored when splitting (although it is respected
- *   when joining the list items back together) and whitespace around each list item is stripped
- *   before it is added to the model.
- *
- * ### Example with Validation
- *
- * <example name="ngList-directive" module="listExample">
- *   <file name="app.js">
- *      angular.module('listExample', [])
- *        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
- *          $scope.names = ['morpheus', 'neo', 'trinity'];
- *        }]);
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *    <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
- *      <label>List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required></label>
- *      <span role="alert">
- *        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
- *        Required!</span>
- *      </span>
- *      <br>
- *      <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
- *      <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
- *     </form>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     var listInput = element(by.model('names'));
- *     var names = element(by.exactBinding('names'));
- *     var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid'));
- *     var error = element(by.css('span.error'));
- *
- *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
- *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('["morpheus","neo","trinity"]');
- *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
- *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).toBe('none');
- *     });
- *
- *     it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
- *       listInput.clear();
- *       listInput.sendKeys('');
- *
- *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('');
- *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
- *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).not.toBe('none');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * ### Example - splitting on newline
- * <example name="ngList-directive-newlines">
- *   <file name="index.html">
- *    <textarea ng-model="list" ng-list="&#10;" ng-trim="false"></textarea>
- *    <pre>{{ list | json }}</pre>
- *   </file>
- *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
- *     it("should split the text by newlines", function() {
- *       var listInput = element(by.model('list'));
- *       var output = element(by.binding('list | json'));
- *       listInput.sendKeys('abc\ndef\nghi');
- *       expect(output.getText()).toContain('[\n  "abc",\n  "def",\n  "ghi"\n]');
- *     });
- *   </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * @element input
- * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value.
- */
-var ngListDirective = function() {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    priority: 100,
-    require: 'ngModel',
-    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
-      // We want to control whitespace trimming so we use this convoluted approach
-      // to access the ngList attribute, which doesn't pre-trim the attribute
-      var ngList = element.attr(attr.$attr.ngList) || ', ';
-      var trimValues = attr.ngTrim !== 'false';
-      var separator = trimValues ? trim(ngList) : ngList;
-
-      var parse = function(viewValue) {
-        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
-        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;
-
-        var list = [];
-
-        if (viewValue) {
-          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
-            if (value) list.push(trimValues ? trim(value) : value);
-          });
-        }
+    function formatter(value, timezone) {
+      var targetFormat = format;
 
-        return list;
-      };
+      if (isTimeType && isString(ctrl.$options.getOption('timeSecondsFormat'))) {
+        targetFormat = format
+          .replace('ss.sss', ctrl.$options.getOption('timeSecondsFormat'))
+          .replace(/:$/, '');
+      }
 
-      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
-      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
-        if (isArray(value)) {
-          return value.join(ngList);
-        }
+      var formatted =  $filter('date')(value, targetFormat, timezone);
 
-        return undefined;
-      });
+      if (isTimeType && ctrl.$options.getOption('timeStripZeroSeconds')) {
+        formatted = formatted.replace(/(?::00)?(?:\.000)?$/, '');
+      }
 
-      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
-      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-        return !value || !value.length;
-      };
+      return formatted;
     }
   };
-};
+}
 
-/* global VALID_CLASS: true,
-  INVALID_CLASS: true,
-  PRISTINE_CLASS: true,
-  DIRTY_CLASS: true,
-  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: true,
-  TOUCHED_CLASS: true,
-*/
+function badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, parserName) {
+  var node = element[0];
+  var nativeValidation = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = isObject(node.validity);
+  if (nativeValidation) {
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY) || {};
+      if (validity.badInput || validity.typeMismatch) {
+        ctrl.$$parserName = parserName;
+        return undefined;
+      }
 
-var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
-    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
-    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
-    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty',
-    UNTOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-untouched',
-    TOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-touched',
-    PENDING_CLASS = 'ng-pending',
-    EMPTY_CLASS = 'ng-empty',
-    NOT_EMPTY_CLASS = 'ng-not-empty';
+      return value;
+    });
+  }
+}
 
-var ngModelMinErr = minErr('ngModel');
+function numberFormatterParser(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value))      return null;
+    if (NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) return parseFloat(value);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name ngModel.NgModelController
- *
- * @property {*} $viewValue The actual value from the control's view. For `input` elements, this is a
- * String. See {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue} for information about when the $viewValue
- * is set.
- * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model that the control is bound to.
- * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
-       the control reads value from the DOM. The functions are called in array order, each passing
-       its return value through to the next. The last return value is forwarded to the
-       {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} collection.
-
-Parsers are used to sanitize / convert the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue
-`$viewValue`}.
-
-Returning `undefined` from a parser means a parse error occurred. In that case,
-no {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} will run and the `ngModel`
-will be set to `undefined` unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}
-is set to `true`. The parse error is stored in `ngModel.$error.parse`.
-
- *
- * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
-       the model value changes. The functions are called in reverse array order, each passing the value through to the
-       next. The last return value is used as the actual DOM value.
-       Used to format / convert values for display in the control.
- * ```js
- * function formatter(value) {
- *   if (value) {
- *     return value.toUpperCase();
- *   }
- * }
- * ngModel.$formatters.push(formatter);
- * ```
- *
- * @property {Object.<string, function>} $validators A collection of validators that are applied
- *      whenever the model value changes. The key value within the object refers to the name of the
- *      validator while the function refers to the validation operation. The validation operation is
- *      provided with the model value as an argument and must return a true or false value depending
- *      on the response of that validation.
- *
- * ```js
- * ngModel.$validators.validCharacters = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
- *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
- *   return /[0-9]+/.test(value) &&
- *          /[a-z]+/.test(value) &&
- *          /[A-Z]+/.test(value) &&
- *          /\W+/.test(value);
- * };
- * ```
- *
- * @property {Object.<string, function>} $asyncValidators A collection of validations that are expected to
- *      perform an asynchronous validation (e.g. a HTTP request). The validation function that is provided
- *      is expected to return a promise when it is run during the model validation process. Once the promise
- *      is delivered then the validation status will be set to true when fulfilled and false when rejected.
- *      When the asynchronous validators are triggered, each of the validators will run in parallel and the model
- *      value will only be updated once all validators have been fulfilled. As long as an asynchronous validator
- *      is unfulfilled, its key will be added to the controllers `$pending` property. Also, all asynchronous validators
- *      will only run once all synchronous validators have passed.
- *
- * Please note that if $http is used then it is important that the server returns a success HTTP response code
- * in order to fulfill the validation and a status level of `4xx` in order to reject the validation.
- *
- * ```js
- * ngModel.$asyncValidators.uniqueUsername = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
- *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
- *
- *   // Lookup user by username
- *   return $http.get('/api/users/' + value).
- *      then(function resolved() {
- *        //username exists, this means validation fails
- *        return $q.reject('exists');
- *      }, function rejected() {
- *        //username does not exist, therefore this validation passes
- *        return true;
- *      });
- * };
- * ```
- *
- * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever the
- *     view value has changed. It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
- *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
- *
- * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all failing validator ids as keys.
- * @property {Object} $pending An object hash with all pending validator ids as keys.
- *
- * @property {boolean} $untouched True if control has not lost focus yet.
- * @property {boolean} $touched True if control has lost focus.
- * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
- * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
- * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
- * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
- * @property {string} $name The name attribute of the control.
- *
- * @description
- *
- * `NgModelController` provides API for the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} directive.
- * The controller contains services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting
- * and parsing. It purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or
- * listening to DOM events.
- * Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
- * `NgModelController` for data-binding to control elements.
- * Angular provides this DOM logic for most {@link input `input`} elements.
- * At the end of this page you can find a {@link ngModel.NgModelController#custom-control-example
- * custom control example} that uses `ngModelController` to bind to `contenteditable` elements.
- *
- * @example
- * ### Custom Control Example
- * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
- * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
- * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
- *
- * `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
- * contents be edited in place by the user.
- *
- * We are using the {@link ng.service:$sce $sce} service here and include the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize}
- * module to automatically remove "bad" content like inline event listener (e.g. `<span onclick="...">`).
- * However, as we are using `$sce` the model can still decide to provide unsafe content if it marks
- * that content using the `$sce` service.
- *
- * <example name="NgModelController" module="customControl" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
-    <file name="style.css">
-      [contenteditable] {
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background-color: white;
-        min-height: 20px;
-      }
+    ctrl.$$parserName = 'number';
+    return undefined;
+  });
 
-      .ng-invalid {
-        border: 1px solid red;
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
+      if (!isNumber(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('numfmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a number', value);
       }
+      value = value.toString();
+    }
+    return value;
+  });
+}
 
-    </file>
-    <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('customControl', ['ngSanitize']).
-        directive('contenteditable', ['$sce', function($sce) {
-          return {
-            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
-            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
-            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
-              if (!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model
-
-              // Specify how UI should be updated
-              ngModel.$render = function() {
-                element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngModel.$viewValue || ''));
-              };
-
-              // Listen for change events to enable binding
-              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
-                scope.$evalAsync(read);
-              });
-              read(); // initialize
-
-              // Write data to the model
-              function read() {
-                var html = element.html();
-                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
-                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
-                if ( attrs.stripBr && html == '<br>' ) {
-                  html = '';
-                }
-                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
-              }
-            }
-          };
-        }]);
-    </file>
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <form name="myForm">
-       <div contenteditable
-            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
-            strip-br="true"
-            required>Change me!</div>
-        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
-       <hr>
-       <textarea ng-model="userContent" aria-label="Dynamic textarea"></textarea>
-      </form>
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-    it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
-      if (browser.params.browser == 'safari' || browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
-        // SafariDriver can't handle contenteditable
-        // and Firefox driver can't clear contenteditables very well
-        return;
-      }
-      var contentEditable = element(by.css('[contenteditable]'));
-      var content = 'Change me!';
+function parseNumberAttrVal(val) {
+  if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
+    val = parseFloat(val);
+  }
+  return !isNumberNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
+}
 
-      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual(content);
+function isNumberInteger(num) {
+  // See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14636536/how-to-check-if-a-variable-is-an-integer-in-javascript#14794066
+  // (minus the assumption that `num` is a number)
 
-      contentEditable.clear();
-      contentEditable.sendKeys(protractor.Key.BACK_SPACE);
-      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual('');
-      expect(contentEditable.getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
-    });
-    </file>
- * </example>
- *
- *
- */
-var NgModelController = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse', '$animate', '$timeout', '$rootScope', '$q', '$interpolate',
-    function($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse, $animate, $timeout, $rootScope, $q, $interpolate) {
-  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
-  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
-  this.$$rawModelValue = undefined; // stores the parsed modelValue / model set from scope regardless of validity.
-  this.$validators = {};
-  this.$asyncValidators = {};
-  this.$parsers = [];
-  this.$formatters = [];
-  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
-  this.$untouched = true;
-  this.$touched = false;
-  this.$pristine = true;
-  this.$dirty = false;
-  this.$valid = true;
-  this.$invalid = false;
-  this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here
-  this.$$success = {}; // keep valid keys here
-  this.$pending = undefined; // keep pending keys here
-  this.$name = $interpolate($attr.name || '', false)($scope);
-  this.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+  return (num | 0) === num;
+}
 
-  var parsedNgModel = $parse($attr.ngModel),
-      parsedNgModelAssign = parsedNgModel.assign,
-      ngModelGet = parsedNgModel,
-      ngModelSet = parsedNgModelAssign,
-      pendingDebounce = null,
-      parserValid,
-      ctrl = this;
-
-  this.$$setOptions = function(options) {
-    ctrl.$options = options;
-    if (options && options.getterSetter) {
-      var invokeModelGetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '()'),
-          invokeModelSetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '($$$p)');
-
-      ngModelGet = function($scope) {
-        var modelValue = parsedNgModel($scope);
-        if (isFunction(modelValue)) {
-          modelValue = invokeModelGetter($scope);
-        }
-        return modelValue;
-      };
-      ngModelSet = function($scope, newValue) {
-        if (isFunction(parsedNgModel($scope))) {
-          invokeModelSetter($scope, {$$$p: newValue});
-        } else {
-          parsedNgModelAssign($scope, newValue);
-        }
-      };
-    } else if (!parsedNgModel.assign) {
-      throw ngModelMinErr('nonassign', "Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}",
-          $attr.ngModel, startingTag($element));
+function countDecimals(num) {
+  var numString = num.toString();
+  var decimalSymbolIndex = numString.indexOf('.');
+
+  if (decimalSymbolIndex === -1) {
+    if (-1 < num && num < 1) {
+      // It may be in the exponential notation format (`1e-X`)
+      var match = /e-(\d+)$/.exec(numString);
+
+      if (match) {
+        return Number(match[1]);
+      }
     }
-  };
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$render
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
-   * directive will implement this method.
-   *
-   * The `$render()` method is invoked in the following situations:
-   *
-   * * `$rollbackViewValue()` is called.  If we are rolling back the view value to the last
-   *   committed value then `$render()` is called to update the input control.
-   * * The value referenced by `ng-model` is changed programmatically and both the `$modelValue` and
-   *   the `$viewValue` are different from last time.
-   *
-   * Since `ng-model` does not do a deep watch, `$render()` is only invoked if the values of
-   * `$modelValue` and `$viewValue` are actually different from their previous values. If `$modelValue`
-   * or `$viewValue` are objects (rather than a string or number) then `$render()` will not be
-   * invoked if you only change a property on the objects.
-   */
-  this.$render = noop;
+    return 0;
+  }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
-   *
-   * @description
-   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of an input is empty.
-   *
-   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
-   *
-   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
-   *
-   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different from the
-   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
-   * implies empty.
-   *
-   * @param {*} value The value of the input to check for emptiness.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is "empty".
-   */
-  this.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
-  };
+  return numString.length - decimalSymbolIndex - 1;
+}
 
-  this.$$updateEmptyClasses = function(value) {
-    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
-      $animate.removeClass($element, NOT_EMPTY_CLASS);
-      $animate.addClass($element, EMPTY_CLASS);
-    } else {
-      $animate.removeClass($element, EMPTY_CLASS);
-      $animate.addClass($element, NOT_EMPTY_CLASS);
-    }
-  };
+function isValidForStep(viewValue, stepBase, step) {
+  // At this point `stepBase` and `step` are expected to be non-NaN values
+  // and `viewValue` is expected to be a valid stringified number.
+  var value = Number(viewValue);
 
+  var isNonIntegerValue = !isNumberInteger(value);
+  var isNonIntegerStepBase = !isNumberInteger(stepBase);
+  var isNonIntegerStep = !isNumberInteger(step);
 
-  var currentValidationRunId = 0;
+  // Due to limitations in Floating Point Arithmetic (e.g. `0.3 - 0.2 !== 0.1` or
+  // `0.5 % 0.1 !== 0`), we need to convert all numbers to integers.
+  if (isNonIntegerValue || isNonIntegerStepBase || isNonIntegerStep) {
+    var valueDecimals = isNonIntegerValue ? countDecimals(value) : 0;
+    var stepBaseDecimals = isNonIntegerStepBase ? countDecimals(stepBase) : 0;
+    var stepDecimals = isNonIntegerStep ? countDecimals(step) : 0;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Change the validity state, and notify the form.
-   *
-   * This method can be called within $parsers/$formatters or a custom validation implementation.
-   * However, in most cases it should be sufficient to use the `ngModel.$validators` and
-   * `ngModel.$asyncValidators` collections which will call `$setValidity` automatically.
-   *
-   * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be assigned
-   *        to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]`
-   *        (for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding.
-   *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
-   *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
-   *        class and can be bound to as  `{{someForm.someControl.$error.myError}}` .
-   * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending (undefined),
-   *                          or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
-   *                          Skipped is used by Angular when validators do not run because of parse errors and
-   *                          when `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
-   */
-  addSetValidityMethod({
-    ctrl: this,
-    $element: $element,
-    set: function(object, property) {
-      object[property] = true;
-    },
-    unset: function(object, property) {
-      delete object[property];
-    },
-    $animate: $animate
-  });
+    var decimalCount = Math.max(valueDecimals, stepBaseDecimals, stepDecimals);
+    var multiplier = Math.pow(10, decimalCount);
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-dirty` class and set the control to its pristine
-   * state (`ng-pristine` class). A model is considered to be pristine when the control
-   * has not been changed from when first compiled.
-   */
-  this.$setPristine = function() {
-    ctrl.$dirty = false;
-    ctrl.$pristine = true;
-    $animate.removeClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
-    $animate.addClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
-  };
+    value = value * multiplier;
+    stepBase = stepBase * multiplier;
+    step = step * multiplier;
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setDirty
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the control to its dirty state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-pristine` class and set the control to its dirty
-   * state (`ng-dirty` class). A model is considered to be dirty when the control has been changed
-   * from when first compiled.
-   */
-  this.$setDirty = function() {
-    ctrl.$dirty = true;
-    ctrl.$pristine = false;
-    $animate.removeClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
-    $animate.addClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
-    ctrl.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
-  };
+    if (isNonIntegerValue) value = Math.round(value);
+    if (isNonIntegerStepBase) stepBase = Math.round(stepBase);
+    if (isNonIntegerStep) step = Math.round(step);
+  }
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setUntouched
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the control to its untouched state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-touched` class and set the control to its
-   * untouched state (`ng-untouched` class). Upon compilation, a model is set as untouched
-   * by default, however this function can be used to restore that state if the model has
-   * already been touched by the user.
-   */
-  this.$setUntouched = function() {
-    ctrl.$touched = false;
-    ctrl.$untouched = true;
-    $animate.setClass($element, UNTOUCHED_CLASS, TOUCHED_CLASS);
-  };
+  return (value - stepBase) % step === 0;
+}
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setTouched
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Sets the control to its touched state.
-   *
-   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-untouched` class and set the control to its
-   * touched state (`ng-touched` class). A model is considered to be touched when the user has
-   * first focused the control element and then shifted focus away from the control (blur event).
-   */
-  this.$setTouched = function() {
-    ctrl.$touched = true;
-    ctrl.$untouched = false;
-    $animate.setClass($element, TOUCHED_CLASS, UNTOUCHED_CLASS);
-  };
+function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, 'number');
+  numberFormatterParser(ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Cancel an update and reset the input element's value to prevent an update to the `$modelValue`,
-   * which may be caused by a pending debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some
-   * future event.
-   *
-   * If you have an input that uses `ng-model-options` to set up debounced updates or updates that
-   * depend on special events such as blur, you can have a situation where there is a period when
-   * the `$viewValue` is out of sync with the ngModel's `$modelValue`.
-   *
-   * In this case, you can use `$rollbackViewValue()` to manually cancel the debounced / future update
-   * and reset the input to the last committed view value.
-   *
-   * It is also possible that you run into difficulties if you try to update the ngModel's `$modelValue`
-   * programmatically before these debounced/future events have resolved/occurred, because Angular's
-   * dirty checking mechanism is not able to tell whether the model has actually changed or not.
-   *
-   * The `$rollbackViewValue()` method should be called before programmatically changing the model of an
-   * input which may have such events pending. This is important in order to make sure that the
-   * input field will be updated with the new model value and any pending operations are cancelled.
-   *
-   * <example name="ng-model-cancel-update" module="cancel-update-example">
-   *   <file name="app.js">
-   *     angular.module('cancel-update-example', [])
-   *
-   *     .controller('CancelUpdateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-   *       $scope.model = {};
-   *
-   *       $scope.setEmpty = function(e, value, rollback) {
-   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
-   *           e.preventDefault();
-   *           if (rollback) {
-   *             $scope.myForm[value].$rollbackViewValue();
-   *           }
-   *           $scope.model[value] = '';
-   *         }
-   *       };
-   *     }]);
-   *   </file>
-   *   <file name="index.html">
-   *     <div ng-controller="CancelUpdateController">
-   *        <p>Both of these inputs are only updated if they are blurred. Hitting escape should
-   *        empty them. Follow these steps and observe the difference:</p>
-   *       <ol>
-   *         <li>Type something in the input. You will see that the model is not yet updated</li>
-   *         <li>Press the Escape key.
-   *           <ol>
-   *             <li> In the first example, nothing happens, because the model is already '', and no
-   *             update is detected. If you blur the input, the model will be set to the current view.
-   *             </li>
-   *             <li> In the second example, the pending update is cancelled, and the input is set back
-   *             to the last committed view value (''). Blurring the input does nothing.
-   *             </li>
-   *           </ol>
-   *         </li>
-   *       </ol>
-   *
-   *       <form name="myForm" ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }">
-   *         <div>
-   *        <p id="inputDescription1">Without $rollbackViewValue():</p>
-   *         <input name="value1" aria-describedby="inputDescription1" ng-model="model.value1"
-   *                ng-keydown="setEmpty($event, 'value1')">
-   *         value1: "{{ model.value1 }}"
-   *         </div>
-   *
-   *         <div>
-   *        <p id="inputDescription2">With $rollbackViewValue():</p>
-   *         <input name="value2" aria-describedby="inputDescription2" ng-model="model.value2"
-   *                ng-keydown="setEmpty($event, 'value2', true)">
-   *         value2: "{{ model.value2 }}"
-   *         </div>
-   *       </form>
-   *     </div>
-   *   </file>
-       <file name="style.css">
-          div {
-            display: table-cell;
-          }
-          div:nth-child(1) {
-            padding-right: 30px;
-          }
+  var parsedMinVal;
 
-        </file>
-   * </example>
-   */
-  this.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
-    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
-    ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
-    ctrl.$render();
-  };
+  if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+    var minVal = attr.min || $parse(attr.ngMin)(scope);
+    parsedMinVal = parseNumberAttrVal(minVal);
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$validate
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Runs each of the registered validators (first synchronous validators and then
-   * asynchronous validators).
-   * If the validity changes to invalid, the model will be set to `undefined`,
-   * unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`} is `true`.
-   * If the validity changes to valid, it will set the model to the last available valid
-   * `$modelValue`, i.e. either the last parsed value or the last value set from the scope.
-   */
-  this.$validate = function() {
-    // ignore $validate before model is initialized
-    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
-      return;
-    }
+    ctrl.$validators.min = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedMinVal) || viewValue >= parsedMinVal;
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+      if (val !== minVal) {
+        parsedMinVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        minVal = val;
+        // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+    var maxVal = attr.max || $parse(attr.ngMax)(scope);
+    var parsedMaxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(maxVal);
 
-    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
-    // Note: we use the $$rawModelValue as $modelValue might have been
-    // set to undefined during a view -> model update that found validation
-    // errors. We can't parse the view here, since that could change
-    // the model although neither viewValue nor the model on the scope changed
-    var modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue;
+    ctrl.$validators.max = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedMaxVal) || viewValue <= parsedMaxVal;
+    };
 
-    var prevValid = ctrl.$valid;
-    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
+    attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+      if (val !== maxVal) {
+        parsedMaxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        maxVal = val;
+        // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      }
+    });
+  }
 
-    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
+  if (isDefined(attr.step) || attr.ngStep) {
+    var stepVal = attr.step || $parse(attr.ngStep)(scope);
+    var parsedStepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(stepVal);
 
-    ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue, function(allValid) {
-      // If there was no change in validity, don't update the model
-      // This prevents changing an invalid modelValue to undefined
-      if (!allowInvalid && prevValid !== allValid) {
-        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
-        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
-        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
-        // to calculate their validity.
-        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
+    ctrl.$validators.step = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(parsedStepVal) ||
+        isValidForStep(viewValue, parsedMinVal || 0, parsedStepVal);
+    };
 
-        if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
-          ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
-        }
+    attr.$observe('step', function(val) {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      if (val !== stepVal) {
+        parsedStepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+        stepVal = val;
+        ctrl.$validate();
       }
+
     });
 
-  };
+  }
+}
 
-  this.$$runValidators = function(modelValue, viewValue, doneCallback) {
-    currentValidationRunId++;
-    var localValidationRunId = currentValidationRunId;
+function rangeInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl, 'range');
+  numberFormatterParser(ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
 
-    // check parser error
-    if (!processParseErrors()) {
-      validationDone(false);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (!processSyncValidators()) {
-      validationDone(false);
-      return;
-    }
-    processAsyncValidators();
+  var supportsRange = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators && element[0].type === 'range',
+      minVal = supportsRange ? 0 : undefined,
+      maxVal = supportsRange ? 100 : undefined,
+      stepVal = supportsRange ? 1 : undefined,
+      validity = element[0].validity,
+      hasMinAttr = isDefined(attr.min),
+      hasMaxAttr = isDefined(attr.max),
+      hasStepAttr = isDefined(attr.step);
+
+  var originalRender = ctrl.$render;
+
+  ctrl.$render = supportsRange && isDefined(validity.rangeUnderflow) && isDefined(validity.rangeOverflow) ?
+    //Browsers that implement range will set these values automatically, but reading the adjusted values after
+    //$render would cause the min / max validators to be applied with the wrong value
+    function rangeRender() {
+      originalRender();
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(element.val());
+    } :
+    originalRender;
+
+  if (hasMinAttr) {
+    minVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.min);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.min = supportsRange ?
+      // Since all browsers set the input to a valid value, we don't need to check validity
+      function noopMinValidator() { return true; } :
+      // non-support browsers validate the min val
+      function minValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(minVal) || viewValue >= minVal;
+      };
 
-    function processParseErrors() {
-      var errorKey = ctrl.$$parserName || 'parse';
-      if (isUndefined(parserValid)) {
-        setValidity(errorKey, null);
-      } else {
-        if (!parserValid) {
-          forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(v, name) {
-            setValidity(name, null);
-          });
-          forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
-            setValidity(name, null);
-          });
-        }
-        // Set the parse error last, to prevent unsetting it, should a $validators key == parserName
-        setValidity(errorKey, parserValid);
-        return parserValid;
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('min', minChange);
+  }
 
-    function processSyncValidators() {
-      var syncValidatorsValid = true;
-      forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(validator, name) {
-        var result = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
-        syncValidatorsValid = syncValidatorsValid && result;
-        setValidity(name, result);
-      });
-      if (!syncValidatorsValid) {
-        forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
-          setValidity(name, null);
-        });
-        return false;
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
+  if (hasMaxAttr) {
+    maxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.max);
 
-    function processAsyncValidators() {
-      var validatorPromises = [];
-      var allValid = true;
-      forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(validator, name) {
-        var promise = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
-        if (!isPromiseLike(promise)) {
-          throw ngModelMinErr('nopromise',
-            "Expected asynchronous validator to return a promise but got '{0}' instead.", promise);
-        }
-        setValidity(name, undefined);
-        validatorPromises.push(promise.then(function() {
-          setValidity(name, true);
-        }, function() {
-          allValid = false;
-          setValidity(name, false);
-        }));
-      });
-      if (!validatorPromises.length) {
-        validationDone(true);
-      } else {
-        $q.all(validatorPromises).then(function() {
-          validationDone(allValid);
-        }, noop);
+    ctrl.$validators.max = supportsRange ?
+      // Since all browsers set the input to a valid value, we don't need to check validity
+      function noopMaxValidator() { return true; } :
+      // non-support browsers validate the max val
+      function maxValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(maxVal) || viewValue <= maxVal;
+      };
+
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('max', maxChange);
+  }
+
+  if (hasStepAttr) {
+    stepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(attr.step);
+
+    ctrl.$validators.step = supportsRange ?
+      function nativeStepValidator() {
+        // Currently, only FF implements the spec on step change correctly (i.e. adjusting the
+        // input element value to a valid value). It's possible that other browsers set the stepMismatch
+        // validity error instead, so we can at least report an error in that case.
+        return !validity.stepMismatch;
+      } :
+      // ngStep doesn't set the setp attr, so the browser doesn't adjust the input value as setting step would
+      function stepValidator(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(stepVal) ||
+               isValidForStep(viewValue, minVal || 0, stepVal);
+      };
+
+    setInitialValueAndObserver('step', stepChange);
+  }
+
+  function setInitialValueAndObserver(htmlAttrName, changeFn) {
+    // interpolated attributes set the attribute value only after a digest, but we need the
+    // attribute value when the input is first rendered, so that the browser can adjust the
+    // input value based on the min/max value
+    element.attr(htmlAttrName, attr[htmlAttrName]);
+    var oldVal = attr[htmlAttrName];
+    attr.$observe(htmlAttrName, function wrappedObserver(val) {
+      if (val !== oldVal) {
+        oldVal = val;
+        changeFn(val);
       }
+    });
+  }
+
+  function minChange(val) {
+    minVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
     }
 
-    function setValidity(name, isValid) {
-      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
-        ctrl.$setValidity(name, isValid);
+    if (supportsRange) {
+      var elVal = element.val();
+      // IE11 doesn't set the el val correctly if the minVal is greater than the element value
+      if (minVal > elVal) {
+        elVal = minVal;
+        element.val(elVal);
       }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(elVal);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
     }
+  }
 
-    function validationDone(allValid) {
-      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
+  function maxChange(val) {
+    maxVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
 
-        doneCallback(allValid);
+    if (supportsRange) {
+      var elVal = element.val();
+      // IE11 doesn't set the el val correctly if the maxVal is less than the element value
+      if (maxVal < elVal) {
+        element.val(maxVal);
+        // IE11 and Chrome don't set the value to the minVal when max < min
+        elVal = maxVal < minVal ? minVal : maxVal;
       }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(elVal);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
     }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$commitViewValue
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Commit a pending update to the `$modelValue`.
-   *
-   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
-   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. this method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
-   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
-   */
-  this.$commitViewValue = function() {
-    var viewValue = ctrl.$viewValue;
-
-    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
+  }
 
-    // If the view value has not changed then we should just exit, except in the case where there is
-    // a native validator on the element. In this case the validation state may have changed even though
-    // the viewValue has stayed empty.
-    if (ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue === viewValue && (viewValue !== '' || !ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+  function stepChange(val) {
+    stepVal = parseNumberAttrVal(val);
+    // ignore changes before model is initialized
+    if (isNumberNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
       return;
     }
-    ctrl.$$updateEmptyClasses(viewValue);
-    ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
 
-    // change to dirty
-    if (ctrl.$pristine) {
-      this.$setDirty();
+    // Some browsers don't adjust the input value correctly, but set the stepMismatch error
+    if (!supportsRange) {
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    } else if (ctrl.$viewValue !== element.val()) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(element.val());
     }
-    this.$$parseAndValidate();
-  };
+  }
+}
+
+function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
 
-  this.$$parseAndValidate = function() {
-    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
-    var modelValue = viewValue;
-    parserValid = isUndefined(modelValue) ? undefined : true;
+  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
 
-    if (parserValid) {
-      for (var i = 0; i < ctrl.$parsers.length; i++) {
-        modelValue = ctrl.$parsers[i](modelValue);
-        if (isUndefined(modelValue)) {
-          parserValid = false;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
-      // ctrl.$modelValue has not been touched yet...
-      ctrl.$modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
-    }
-    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
-    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
-    ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
 
-    if (allowInvalid) {
-      ctrl.$modelValue = modelValue;
-      writeToModelIfNeeded();
-    }
+  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
 
-    // Pass the $$lastCommittedViewValue here, because the cached viewValue might be out of date.
-    // This can happen if e.g. $setViewValue is called from inside a parser
-    ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue, function(allValid) {
-      if (!allowInvalid) {
-        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
-        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
-        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
-        // to calculate their validity.
-        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
-        writeToModelIfNeeded();
-      }
-    });
+function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  var doTrim = !attr.ngTrim || trim(attr.ngTrim) !== 'false';
+  // make the name unique, if not defined
+  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
+    element.attr('name', nextUid());
+  }
 
-    function writeToModelIfNeeded() {
-      if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
-        ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    var value;
+    if (element[0].checked) {
+      value = attr.value;
+      if (doTrim) {
+        value = trim(value);
       }
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, ev && ev.type);
     }
   };
 
-  this.$$writeModelToScope = function() {
-    ngModelSet($scope, ctrl.$modelValue);
-    forEach(ctrl.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
-      try {
-        listener();
-      } catch (e) {
-        $exceptionHandler(e);
-      }
-    });
-  };
+  element.on('change', listener);
 
-  /**
-   * @ngdoc method
-   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
-   *
-   * @description
-   * Update the view value.
-   *
-   * This method should be called when a control wants to change the view value; typically,
-   * this is done from within a DOM event handler. For example, the {@link ng.directive:input input}
-   * directive calls it when the value of the input changes and {@link ng.directive:select select}
-   * calls it when an option is selected.
-   *
-   * When `$setViewValue` is called, the new `value` will be staged for committing through the `$parsers`
-   * and `$validators` pipelines. If there are no special {@link ngModelOptions} specified then the staged
-   * value sent directly for processing, finally to be applied to `$modelValue` and then the
-   * **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute. Lastly, all the registered change listeners,
-   * in the `$viewChangeListeners` list, are called.
-   *
-   * In case the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions} directive is used with `updateOn`
-   * and the `default` trigger is not listed, all those actions will remain pending until one of the
-   * `updateOn` events is triggered on the DOM element.
-   * All these actions will be debounced if the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}
-   * directive is used with a custom debounce for this particular event.
-   * Note that a `$digest` is only triggered once the `updateOn` events are fired, or if `debounce`
-   * is specified, once the timer runs out.
-   *
-   * When used with standard inputs, the view value will always be a string (which is in some cases
-   * parsed into another type, such as a `Date` object for `input[date]`.)
-   * However, custom controls might also pass objects to this method. In this case, we should make
-   * a copy of the object before passing it to `$setViewValue`. This is because `ngModel` does not
-   * perform a deep watch of objects, it only looks for a change of identity. If you only change
-   * the property of the object then ngModel will not realize that the object has changed and
-   * will not invoke the `$parsers` and `$validators` pipelines. For this reason, you should
-   * not change properties of the copy once it has been passed to `$setViewValue`.
-   * Otherwise you may cause the model value on the scope to change incorrectly.
-   *
-   * <div class="alert alert-info">
-   * In any case, the value passed to the method should always reflect the current value
-   * of the control. For example, if you are calling `$setViewValue` for an input element,
-   * you should pass the input DOM value. Otherwise, the control and the scope model become
-   * out of sync. It's also important to note that `$setViewValue` does not call `$render` or change
-   * the control's DOM value in any way. If we want to change the control's DOM value
-   * programmatically, we should update the `ngModel` scope expression. Its new value will be
-   * picked up by the model controller, which will run it through the `$formatters`, `$render` it
-   * to update the DOM, and finally call `$validate` on it.
-   * </div>
-   *
-   * @param {*} value value from the view.
-   * @param {string} trigger Event that triggered the update.
-   */
-  this.$setViewValue = function(value, trigger) {
-    ctrl.$viewValue = value;
-    if (!ctrl.$options || ctrl.$options.updateOnDefault) {
-      ctrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(trigger);
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    var value = attr.value;
+    if (doTrim) {
+      value = trim(value);
     }
+    element[0].checked = (value === ctrl.$viewValue);
   };
 
-  this.$$debounceViewValueCommit = function(trigger) {
-    var debounceDelay = 0,
-        options = ctrl.$options,
-        debounce;
-
-    if (options && isDefined(options.debounce)) {
-      debounce = options.debounce;
-      if (isNumber(debounce)) {
-        debounceDelay = debounce;
-      } else if (isNumber(debounce[trigger])) {
-        debounceDelay = debounce[trigger];
-      } else if (isNumber(debounce['default'])) {
-        debounceDelay = debounce['default'];
-      }
-    }
-
-    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
-    if (debounceDelay) {
-      pendingDebounce = $timeout(function() {
-        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
-      }, debounceDelay);
-    } else if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-      ctrl.$commitViewValue();
-    } else {
-      $scope.$apply(function() {
-        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
-      });
+  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
+}
+
+function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
+  var parseFn;
+  if (isDefined(expression)) {
+    parseFn = $parse(expression);
+    if (!parseFn.constant) {
+      throw ngModelMinErr('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
+                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
     }
-  };
+    return parseFn(context);
+  }
+  return fallback;
+}
 
-  // model -> value
-  // Note: we cannot use a normal scope.$watch as we want to detect the following:
-  // 1. scope value is 'a'
-  // 2. user enters 'b'
-  // 3. ng-change kicks in and reverts scope value to 'a'
-  //    -> scope value did not change since the last digest as
-  //       ng-change executes in apply phase
-  // 4. view should be changed back to 'a'
-  $scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch() {
-    var modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
+function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
+  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);
 
-    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
-    // TODO(perf): why not move this to the action fn?
-    if (modelValue !== ctrl.$modelValue &&
-       // checks for NaN is needed to allow setting the model to NaN when there's an asyncValidator
-       (ctrl.$modelValue === ctrl.$modelValue || modelValue === modelValue)
-    ) {
-      ctrl.$modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
-      parserValid = undefined;
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
+  };
 
-      var formatters = ctrl.$formatters,
-          idx = formatters.length;
+  element.on('change', listener);
 
-      var viewValue = modelValue;
-      while (idx--) {
-        viewValue = formatters[idx](viewValue);
-      }
-      if (ctrl.$viewValue !== viewValue) {
-        ctrl.$$updateEmptyClasses(viewValue);
-        ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
-        ctrl.$render();
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
+  };
 
-        ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue, noop);
-      }
-    }
+  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because the $viewValue of an empty checkbox is always set to `false`
+  // This is because of the parser below, which compares the `$modelValue` with `trueValue` to convert
+  // it to a boolean.
+  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return value === false;
+  };
 
-    return modelValue;
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return equals(value, trueValue);
   });
-}];
+
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
+  });
+}
 
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngModel
- *
- * @element input
- * @priority 1
+ * @name textarea
+ * @restrict E
  *
  * @description
- * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
- * property on the scope using {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
- * which is created and exposed by this directive.
- *
- * `ngModel` is responsible for:
- *
- * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
- *   require.
- * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
- * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, touched/untouched, validation errors).
- * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`, `ng-touched`,
- *   `ng-untouched`, `ng-empty`, `ng-not-empty`) including animations.
- * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
- *
- * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
- * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
- * implicitly and added to the scope.
- *
- * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
- *
- *  - [Understanding Scopes](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes)
- *
- * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
- *
- *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
- *    - {@link input[text] text}
- *    - {@link input[checkbox] checkbox}
- *    - {@link input[radio] radio}
- *    - {@link input[number] number}
- *    - {@link input[email] email}
- *    - {@link input[url] url}
- *    - {@link input[date] date}
- *    - {@link input[datetime-local] datetime-local}
- *    - {@link input[time] time}
- *    - {@link input[month] month}
- *    - {@link input[week] week}
- *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
- *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
- *
- * # Complex Models (objects or collections)
+ * HTML textarea element control with AngularJS data-binding. The data-binding and validation
+ * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
+ * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
  *
- * By default, `ngModel` watches the model by reference, not value. This is important to know when
- * binding inputs to models that are objects (e.g. `Date`) or collections (e.g. arrays). If only properties of the
- * object or collection change, `ngModel` will not be notified and so the input will not be  re-rendered.
- *
- * The model must be assigned an entirely new object or collection before a re-rendering will occur.
- *
- * Some directives have options that will cause them to use a custom `$watchCollection` on the model expression
- * - for example, `ngOptions` will do so when a `track by` clause is included in the comprehension expression or
- * if the select is given the `multiple` attribute.
- *
- * The `$watchCollection()` method only does a shallow comparison, meaning that changing properties deeper than the
- * first level of the object (or only changing the properties of an item in the collection if it's an array) will still
- * not trigger a re-rendering of the model.
- *
- * # CSS classes
- * The following CSS classes are added and removed on the associated input/select/textarea element
- * depending on the validity of the model.
- *
- *  - `ng-valid`: the model is valid
- *  - `ng-invalid`: the model is invalid
- *  - `ng-valid-[key]`: for each valid key added by `$setValidity`
- *  - `ng-invalid-[key]`: for each invalid key added by `$setValidity`
- *  - `ng-pristine`: the control hasn't been interacted with yet
- *  - `ng-dirty`: the control has been interacted with
- *  - `ng-touched`: the control has been blurred
- *  - `ng-untouched`: the control hasn't been blurred
- *  - `ng-pending`: any `$asyncValidators` are unfulfilled
- *  - `ng-empty`: the view does not contain a value or the value is deemed "empty", as defined
- *     by the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty} method
- *  - `ng-not-empty`: the view contains a non-empty value
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+ *    does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
  *
- * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ * @knownIssue
  *
- * ## Animation Hooks
+ * When specifying the `placeholder` attribute of `<textarea>`, Internet Explorer will temporarily
+ * insert the placeholder value as the textarea's content. If the placeholder value contains
+ * interpolation (`{{ ... }}`), an error will be logged in the console when AngularJS tries to update
+ * the value of the by-then-removed text node. This doesn't affect the functionality of the
+ * textarea, but can be undesirable.
+ *
+ * You can work around this Internet Explorer issue by using `ng-attr-placeholder` instead of
+ * `placeholder` on textareas, whenever you need interpolation in the placeholder value. You can
+ * find more details on `ngAttr` in the
+ * [Interpolation](guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes) section of the
+ * Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name input
+ * @restrict E
  *
- * Animations within models are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed
- * on the input element which is attached to the model. These classes include: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`,
- * `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any other validations that are performed on the model itself.
- * The animations that are triggered within ngModel are similar to how they work in ngClass and
- * animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well as JS animations.
+ * @description
+ * HTML input element control. When used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`}, it provides data-binding,
+ * input state control, and validation.
+ * Input control follows HTML5 input types and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
  *
- * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style an input element
- * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Not every feature offered is available for all input types.
+ * Specifically, data binding and event handling via `ng-model` is unsupported for `input[file]`.
+ * </div>
  *
- * <pre>
- * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
- * //advanced animations
- * .my-input {
- *   transition:0.5s linear all;
- *   background: white;
- * }
- * .my-input.ng-invalid {
- *   background: red;
- *   color:white;
- * }
- * </pre>
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue $viewValue}
+ *    value does not match a RegExp found by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false AngularJS will not automatically trim the input.
+ *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+ *    input.
  *
  * @example
- * <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="inputExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
+    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
-        angular.module('inputExample', [])
-          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-            $scope.val = '1';
-          }]);
+          angular.module('inputExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
+            }]);
        </script>
-       <style>
-         .my-input {
-           transition:all linear 0.5s;
-           background: transparent;
-         }
-         .my-input.ng-invalid {
-           color:white;
-           background: red;
-         }
-       </style>
-       <p id="inputDescription">
-        Update input to see transitions when valid/invalid.
-        Integer is a valid value.
-       </p>
-       <form name="testForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <input ng-model="val" ng-pattern="/^\d+$/" name="anim" class="my-input"
-                aria-describedby="inputDescription" />
-       </form>
-     </file>
- * </example>
- *
- * ## Binding to a getter/setter
- *
- * Sometimes it's helpful to bind `ngModel` to a getter/setter function.  A getter/setter is a
- * function that returns a representation of the model when called with zero arguments, and sets
- * the internal state of a model when called with an argument. It's sometimes useful to use this
- * for models that have an internal representation that's different from what the model exposes
- * to the view.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-success">
- * **Best Practice:** It's best to keep getters fast because Angular is likely to call them more
- * frequently than other parts of your code.
- * </div>
- *
- * You use this behavior by adding `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to an element that
- * has `ng-model` attached to it. You can also add `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to
- * a `<form>`, which will enable this behavior for all `<input>`s within it. See
- * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions`} for more.
- *
- * The following example shows how to use `ngModel` with a getter/setter:
- *
- * @example
- * <example name="ngModel-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
-     <file name="index.html">
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <form name="userForm">
-           <label>Name:
-             <input type="text" name="userName"
-                    ng-model="user.name"
-                    ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
+         <form name="myForm">
+           <label>
+              User name:
+              <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+           </div>
+           <label>
+              Last name:
+              <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
+              ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
            </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
+               Too short!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
+               Too long!</span>
+           </div>
          </form>
-         <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
+         <hr>
+         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br/>
        </div>
-     </file>
-     <file name="app.js">
-       angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
-         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           var _name = 'Brian';
-           $scope.user = {
-             name: function(newName) {
-              // Note that newName can be undefined for two reasons:
-              // 1. Because it is called as a getter and thus called with no arguments
-              // 2. Because the property should actually be set to undefined. This happens e.g. if the
-              //    input is invalid
-              return arguments.length ? (_name = newName) : _name;
-             }
-           };
-         }]);
-     </file>
- * </example>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var user = element(by.exactBinding('user'));
+        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
+        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
+        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
+        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
+          userNameInput.clear();
+          userNameInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
  */
-var ngModelDirective = ['$rootScope', function($rootScope) {
+var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
+    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
   return {
-    restrict: 'A',
-    require: ['ngModel', '^?form', '^?ngModelOptions'],
-    controller: NgModelController,
-    // Prelink needs to run before any input directive
-    // so that we can set the NgModelOptions in NgModelController
-    // before anyone else uses it.
-    priority: 1,
-    compile: function ngModelCompile(element) {
-      // Setup initial state of the control
-      element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(UNTOUCHED_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['?ngModel'],
+    link: {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+        if (ctrls[0]) {
+          (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
+                                                              $browser, $filter, $parse);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
 
-      return {
-        pre: function ngModelPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
-          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
-              formCtrl = ctrls[1] || modelCtrl.$$parentForm;
 
-          modelCtrl.$$setOptions(ctrls[2] && ctrls[2].$options);
+var hiddenInputBrowserCacheDirective = function() {
+  var valueProperty = {
+    configurable: true,
+    enumerable: false,
+    get: function() {
+      return this.getAttribute('value') || '';
+    },
+    set: function(val) {
+      this.setAttribute('value', val);
+    }
+  };
 
-          // notify others, especially parent forms
-          formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 200,
+    compile: function(_, attr) {
+      if (lowercase(attr.type) !== 'hidden') {
+        return;
+      }
 
-          attr.$observe('name', function(newValue) {
-            if (modelCtrl.$name !== newValue) {
-              modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(modelCtrl, newValue);
-            }
-          });
+      return {
+        pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var node = element[0];
 
-          scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
-            modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
-          });
-        },
-        post: function ngModelPostLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
-          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0];
-          if (modelCtrl.$options && modelCtrl.$options.updateOn) {
-            element.on(modelCtrl.$options.updateOn, function(ev) {
-              modelCtrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(ev && ev.type);
-            });
+          // Support: Edge
+          // Moving the DOM around prevents autofillling
+          if (node.parentNode) {
+            node.parentNode.insertBefore(node, node.nextSibling);
           }
 
-          element.on('blur', function() {
-            if (modelCtrl.$touched) return;
-
-            if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
-              scope.$evalAsync(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
-            } else {
-              scope.$apply(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
-            }
-          });
+          // Support: FF, IE
+          // Avoiding direct assignment to .value prevents autofillling
+          if (Object.defineProperty) {
+            Object.defineProperty(node, 'value', valueProperty);
+          }
         }
       };
     }
   };
-}];
+};
+
 
-var DEFAULT_REGEXP = /(\s+|^)default(\s+|$)/;
 
+var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
- * @name ngModelOptions
+ * @name ngValue
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
  *
  * @description
- * Allows tuning how model updates are done. Using `ngModelOptions` you can specify a custom list of
- * events that will trigger a model update and/or a debouncing delay so that the actual update only
- * takes place when a timer expires; this timer will be reset after another change takes place.
- *
- * Given the nature of `ngModelOptions`, the value displayed inside input fields in the view might
- * be different from the value in the actual model. This means that if you update the model you
- * should also invoke {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`} on the relevant input field in
- * order to make sure it is synchronized with the model and that any debounced action is canceled.
- *
- * The easiest way to reference the control's {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`}
- * method is by making sure the input is placed inside a form that has a `name` attribute. This is
- * important because `form` controllers are published to the related scope under the name in their
- * `name` attribute.
- *
- * Any pending changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is submitted via the
- * `submit` event. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
- * to have access to the updated model.
+ * Binds the given expression to the value of the element.
+ *
+ * It is mainly used on {@link input[radio] `input[radio]`} and option elements,
+ * so that when the element is selected, the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} of that element (or its
+ * {@link select `select`} parent element) is set to the bound value. It is especially useful
+ * for dynamically generated lists using {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as shown below.
  *
- * `ngModelOptions` has an effect on the element it's declared on and its descendants.
- *
- * @param {Object} ngModelOptions options to apply to the current model. Valid keys are:
- *   - `updateOn`: string specifying which event should the input be bound to. You can set several
- *     events using an space delimited list. There is a special event called `default` that
- *     matches the default events belonging of the control.
- *   - `debounce`: integer value which contains the debounce model update value in milliseconds. A
- *     value of 0 triggers an immediate update. If an object is supplied instead, you can specify a
- *     custom value for each event. For example:
- *     `ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'default blur', debounce: { 'default': 500, 'blur': 0 } }"`
- *   - `allowInvalid`: boolean value which indicates that the model can be set with values that did
- *     not validate correctly instead of the default behavior of setting the model to undefined.
- *   - `getterSetter`: boolean value which determines whether or not to treat functions bound to
-       `ngModel` as getters/setters.
- *   - `timezone`: Defines the timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model for
- *     `<input type="date">`, `<input type="time">`, ... . It understands UTC/GMT and the
- *     continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
- *     example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
- *     If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ * It can also be used to achieve one-way binding of a given expression to an input element
+ * such as an `input[text]` or a `textarea`, when that element does not use ngModel.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string=} ngValue AngularJS expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
+ * and `value` property of the element.
  *
  * @example
-
-  The following example shows how to override immediate updates. Changes on the inputs within the
-  form will update the model only when the control loses focus (blur event). If `escape` key is
-  pressed while the input field is focused, the value is reset to the value in the current model.
-
-  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-blur" module="optionsExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <form name="userForm">
-          <label>Name:
-            <input type="text" name="userName"
-                   ng-model="user.name"
-                   ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }"
-                   ng-keyup="cancel($event)" />
-          </label><br />
-          <label>Other data:
-            <input type="text" ng-model="user.data" />
-          </label><br />
-        </form>
-        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
-        <pre>user.data = <span ng-bind="user.data"></span></pre>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="app.js">
-      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.user = { name: 'John', data: '' };
-
-          $scope.cancel = function(e) {
-            if (e.keyCode == 27) {
-              $scope.userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue();
-            }
-          };
-        }]);
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var model = element(by.binding('user.name'));
-      var input = element(by.model('user.name'));
-      var other = element(by.model('user.data'));
-
-      it('should allow custom events', function() {
-        input.sendKeys(' Doe');
-        input.click();
-        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('John');
-        other.click();
-        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('John Doe');
-      });
-
-      it('should $rollbackViewValue when model changes', function() {
-        input.sendKeys(' Doe');
-        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('John Doe');
-        input.sendKeys(protractor.Key.ESCAPE);
-        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('John');
-        other.click();
-        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('John');
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
-
-  This one shows how to debounce model changes. Model will be updated only 1 sec after last change.
-  If the `Clear` button is pressed, any debounced action is canceled and the value becomes empty.
-
-  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-debounce" module="optionsExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <form name="userForm">
-          <label>Name:
-            <input type="text" name="userName"
-                   ng-model="user.name"
-                   ng-model-options="{ debounce: 1000 }" />
-          </label>
-          <button ng-click="userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue(); user.name=''">Clear</button>
-          <br />
+    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('valueExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
+              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
+            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
+              {{name}}
+              <input type="radio"
+                     ng-model="my.favorite"
+                     ng-value="name"
+                     id="{{name}}"
+                     name="favorite">
+            </label>
+          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
         </form>
-        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="app.js">
-      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.user = { name: 'Igor' };
-        }]);
-    </file>
-  </example>
-
-  This one shows how to bind to getter/setters:
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));
 
-  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-        <form name="userForm">
-          <label>Name:
-            <input type="text" name="userName"
-                   ng-model="user.name"
-                   ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
-          </label>
-        </form>
-        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
-      </div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="app.js">
-      angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          var _name = 'Brian';
-          $scope.user = {
-            name: function(newName) {
-              // Note that newName can be undefined for two reasons:
-              // 1. Because it is called as a getter and thus called with no arguments
-              // 2. Because the property should actually be set to undefined. This happens e.g. if the
-              //    input is invalid
-              return arguments.length ? (_name = newName) : _name;
-            }
-          };
-        }]);
-    </file>
-  </example>
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
+        });
+        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
+          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
  */
-var ngModelOptionsDirective = function() {
+var ngValueDirective = function() {
+  /**
+   *  inputs use the value attribute as their default value if the value property is not set.
+   *  Once the value property has been set (by adding input), it will not react to changes to
+   *  the value attribute anymore. Setting both attribute and property fixes this behavior, and
+   *  makes it possible to use ngValue as a sort of one-way bind.
+   */
+  function updateElementValue(element, attr, value) {
+    // Support: IE9 only
+    // In IE9 values are converted to string (e.g. `input.value = null` results in `input.value === 'null'`).
+    var propValue = isDefined(value) ? value : (msie === 9) ? '' : null;
+    element.prop('value', propValue);
+    attr.$set('value', value);
+  }
+
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
-    controller: ['$scope', '$attrs', function($scope, $attrs) {
-      var that = this;
-      this.$options = copy($scope.$eval($attrs.ngModelOptions));
-      // Allow adding/overriding bound events
-      if (isDefined(this.$options.updateOn)) {
-        this.$options.updateOnDefault = false;
-        // extract "default" pseudo-event from list of events that can trigger a model update
-        this.$options.updateOn = trim(this.$options.updateOn.replace(DEFAULT_REGEXP, function() {
-          that.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
-          return ' ';
-        }));
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
+      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
+        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          var value = scope.$eval(attr.ngValue);
+          updateElementValue(elm, attr, value);
+        };
       } else {
-        this.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
+        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
+            updateElementValue(elm, attr, value);
+          });
+        };
       }
-    }]
+    }
   };
 };
 
-
-
-// helper methods
 function addSetValidityMethod(context) {
-  var ctrl = context.ctrl,
-      $element = context.$element,
-      classCache = {},
+  var clazz = context.clazz,
       set = context.set,
-      unset = context.unset,
-      $animate = context.$animate;
+      unset = context.unset;
 
-  classCache[INVALID_CLASS] = !(classCache[VALID_CLASS] = $element.hasClass(VALID_CLASS));
-
-  ctrl.$setValidity = setValidity;
-
-  function setValidity(validationErrorKey, state, controller) {
+  clazz.prototype.$setValidity = function(validationErrorKey, state, controller) {
     if (isUndefined(state)) {
-      createAndSet('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+      createAndSet(this, '$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
     } else {
-      unsetAndCleanup('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+      unsetAndCleanup(this, '$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
     }
     if (!isBoolean(state)) {
-      unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
-      unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      unset(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      unset(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
     } else {
       if (state) {
-        unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
-        set(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        unset(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        set(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
       } else {
-        set(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
-        unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        set(this.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        unset(this.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
       }
     }
-    if (ctrl.$pending) {
-      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, true);
-      ctrl.$valid = ctrl.$invalid = undefined;
-      toggleValidationCss('', null);
+    if (this.$pending) {
+      cachedToggleClass(this, PENDING_CLASS, true);
+      this.$valid = this.$invalid = undefined;
+      toggleValidationCss(this, '', null);
     } else {
-      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, false);
-      ctrl.$valid = isObjectEmpty(ctrl.$error);
-      ctrl.$invalid = !ctrl.$valid;
-      toggleValidationCss('', ctrl.$valid);
+      cachedToggleClass(this, PENDING_CLASS, false);
+      this.$valid = isObjectEmpty(this.$error);
+      this.$invalid = !this.$valid;
+      toggleValidationCss(this, '', this.$valid);
     }
 
     // re-read the state as the set/unset methods could have
-    // combined state in ctrl.$error[validationError] (used for forms),
+    // combined state in this.$error[validationError] (used for forms),
     // where setting/unsetting only increments/decrements the value,
     // and does not replace it.
     var combinedState;
-    if (ctrl.$pending && ctrl.$pending[validationErrorKey]) {
+    if (this.$pending && this.$pending[validationErrorKey]) {
       combinedState = undefined;
-    } else if (ctrl.$error[validationErrorKey]) {
+    } else if (this.$error[validationErrorKey]) {
       combinedState = false;
-    } else if (ctrl.$$success[validationErrorKey]) {
+    } else if (this.$$success[validationErrorKey]) {
       combinedState = true;
     } else {
       combinedState = null;
     }
 
-    toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, combinedState);
-    ctrl.$$parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, combinedState, ctrl);
-  }
+    toggleValidationCss(this, validationErrorKey, combinedState);
+    this.$$parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, combinedState, this);
+  };
 
-  function createAndSet(name, value, controller) {
+  function createAndSet(ctrl, name, value, controller) {
     if (!ctrl[name]) {
       ctrl[name] = {};
     }
     set(ctrl[name], value, controller);
   }
 
-  function unsetAndCleanup(name, value, controller) {
+  function unsetAndCleanup(ctrl, name, value, controller) {
     if (ctrl[name]) {
       unset(ctrl[name], value, controller);
     }
@@ -28329,21 +19626,21 @@ function addSetValidityMethod(context) {
     }
   }
 
-  function cachedToggleClass(className, switchValue) {
-    if (switchValue && !classCache[className]) {
-      $animate.addClass($element, className);
-      classCache[className] = true;
-    } else if (!switchValue && classCache[className]) {
-      $animate.removeClass($element, className);
-      classCache[className] = false;
+  function cachedToggleClass(ctrl, className, switchValue) {
+    if (switchValue && !ctrl.$$classCache[className]) {
+      ctrl.$$animate.addClass(ctrl.$$element, className);
+      ctrl.$$classCache[className] = true;
+    } else if (!switchValue && ctrl.$$classCache[className]) {
+      ctrl.$$animate.removeClass(ctrl.$$element, className);
+      ctrl.$$classCache[className] = false;
     }
   }
 
-  function toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, isValid) {
+  function toggleValidationCss(ctrl, validationErrorKey, isValid) {
     validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
 
-    cachedToggleClass(VALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === true);
-    cachedToggleClass(INVALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === false);
+    cachedToggleClass(ctrl, VALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === true);
+    cachedToggleClass(ctrl, INVALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === false);
   }
 }
 
@@ -28363,35 +19660,36 @@ function isObjectEmpty(obj) {
  * @name ngNonBindable
  * @restrict AC
  * @priority 1000
+ * @element ANY
  *
  * @description
- * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells Angular not to compile or bind the contents of the current
- * DOM element. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be Angular directives and
- * bindings but which should be ignored by Angular. This could be the case if you have a site that
- * displays snippets of code, for instance.
- *
- * @element ANY
+ * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells AngularJS not to compile or bind the contents of the current
+ * DOM element, including directives on the element itself that have a lower priority than
+ * `ngNonBindable`. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be AngularJS directives
+ * and bindings but which should be ignored by AngularJS. This could be the case if you have a site
+ * that displays snippets of code, for instance.
  *
  * @example
  * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
  * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
  *
- * @example
-    <example>
-      <file name="index.html">
-        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
-        <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
-      </file>
-      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-       it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
-         expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
-         expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
-       });
-      </file>
-    </example>
+  <example name="ng-non-bindable">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+      <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+     it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
+       expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
+       expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
+     });
+    </file>
+  </example>
  */
 var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });
 
+/* exported ngOptionsDirective */
+
 /* global jqLiteRemove */
 
 var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
@@ -28407,13 +19705,12 @@ var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
  * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
  * `ngOptions` comprehension expression.
  *
- * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of `ngOptions` to achieve a
- * similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits such as reducing memory and
- * increasing speed by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance, as well as providing
- * more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
- * comprehension expression. `ngOptions` should be used when the `<select>` model needs to be bound
- *  to a non-string value. This is because an option element can only be bound to string values at
- * present.
+ * In many cases, {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} can be used on `<option>` elements instead of
+ * `ngOptions` to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits:
+ * - more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression
+ * - reduced memory consumption by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance
+ * - increased render speed by creating the options in a documentFragment instead of individually
  *
  * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
  * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
@@ -28502,13 +19799,8 @@ var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
  * is not matched against any `<option>` and the `<select>` appears as having no selected value.
  *
  *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
- * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
- * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
- * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
- *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
- *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
- * @param {comprehension_expression=} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {comprehension_expression} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
  *
  *   * for array data sources:
  *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
@@ -28547,9 +19839,16 @@ var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
  *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
  *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`). With this the selection is preserved
  *      even when the options are recreated (e.g. reloaded from the server).
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {string=} ngAttrSize sets the size of the select element dynamically. Uses the
+ * {@link guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes ngAttr} directive.
  *
  * @example
-    <example module="selectExample">
+    <example module="selectExample" name="select">
       <file name="index.html">
         <script>
         angular.module('selectExample', [])
@@ -28622,9 +19921,9 @@ var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
     </example>
  */
 
-// jshint maxlen: false
-//                     //00001111111111000000000002222222222000000000000000000000333333333300000000000000000000000004444444444400000000000005555555555555550000000006666666666666660000000777777777777777000000000000000888888888800000000000000000009999999999
-var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+disable\s+when\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/;
+/* eslint-disable max-len */
+//                     //00001111111111000000000002222222222000000000000000000000333333333300000000000000000000000004444444444400000000000005555555555555000000000666666666666600000007777777777777000000000000000888888888800000000000000000009999999999
+var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+disable\s+when\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([$\w][$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([$\w][$\w]*)\s*,\s*([$\w][$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/;
                         // 1: value expression (valueFn)
                         // 2: label expression (displayFn)
                         // 3: group by expression (groupByFn)
@@ -28634,7 +19933,7 @@ var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s
                         // 7: object item value variable name
                         // 8: collection expression
                         // 9: track by expression
-// jshint maxlen: 100
+/* eslint-enable */
 
 
 var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile, $document, $parse) {
@@ -28644,9 +19943,9 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
     var match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP);
     if (!(match)) {
       throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
-        "Expected expression in form of " +
-        "'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
-        " but got '{0}'. Element: {1}",
+        'Expected expression in form of ' +
+        '\'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_\'' +
+        ' but got \'{0}\'. Element: {1}',
         optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
     }
 
@@ -28788,7 +20087,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
           getViewValueFromOption: function(option) {
             // If the viewValue could be an object that may be mutated by the application,
             // we need to make a copy and not return the reference to the value on the option.
-            return trackBy ? angular.copy(option.viewValue) : option.viewValue;
+            return trackBy ? copy(option.viewValue) : option.viewValue;
           }
         };
       }
@@ -28796,7 +20095,8 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
   }
 
 
-  // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+  // Support: IE 9 only
+  // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
   // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
   var optionTemplate = window.document.createElement('option'),
       optGroupTemplate = window.document.createElement('optgroup');
@@ -28809,15 +20109,18 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
 
       // The emptyOption allows the application developer to provide their own custom "empty"
       // option when the viewValue does not match any of the option values.
-      var emptyOption;
       for (var i = 0, children = selectElement.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
         if (children[i].value === '') {
-          emptyOption = children.eq(i);
+          selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = true;
+          selectCtrl.emptyOption = children.eq(i);
           break;
         }
       }
 
-      var providedEmptyOption = !!emptyOption;
+      // The empty option will be compiled and rendered before we first generate the options
+      selectElement.empty();
+
+      var providedEmptyOption = !!selectCtrl.emptyOption;
 
       var unknownOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
       unknownOption.val('?');
@@ -28829,39 +20132,25 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
       // we only need to create it once.
       var listFragment = $document[0].createDocumentFragment();
 
-      var renderEmptyOption = function() {
-        if (!providedEmptyOption) {
-          selectElement.prepend(emptyOption);
-        }
-        selectElement.val('');
-        emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
-        emptyOption.attr('selected', true);
-      };
-
-      var removeEmptyOption = function() {
-        if (!providedEmptyOption) {
-          emptyOption.remove();
-        }
-      };
-
-
-      var renderUnknownOption = function() {
-        selectElement.prepend(unknownOption);
-        selectElement.val('?');
-        unknownOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
-        unknownOption.attr('selected', true);
-      };
-
-      var removeUnknownOption = function() {
-        unknownOption.remove();
+      // Overwrite the implementation. ngOptions doesn't use hashes
+      selectCtrl.generateUnknownOptionValue = function(val) {
+        return '?';
       };
 
       // Update the controller methods for multiple selectable options
       if (!multiple) {
 
         selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsValue(value) {
+          // The options might not be defined yet when ngModel tries to render
+          if (!options) return;
+
+          var selectedOption = selectElement[0].options[selectElement[0].selectedIndex];
           var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(value);
 
+          // Make sure to remove the selected attribute from the previously selected option
+          // Otherwise, screen readers might get confused
+          if (selectedOption) selectedOption.removeAttribute('selected');
+
           if (option) {
             // Don't update the option when it is already selected.
             // For example, the browser will select the first option by default. In that case,
@@ -28869,8 +20158,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
             // set always
 
             if (selectElement[0].value !== option.selectValue) {
-              removeUnknownOption();
-              removeEmptyOption();
+              selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
 
               selectElement[0].value = option.selectValue;
               option.element.selected = true;
@@ -28878,13 +20166,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
 
             option.element.setAttribute('selected', 'selected');
           } else {
-            if (value === null || providedEmptyOption) {
-              removeUnknownOption();
-              renderEmptyOption();
-            } else {
-              removeEmptyOption();
-              renderUnknownOption();
-            }
+            selectCtrl.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption(value);
           }
         };
 
@@ -28893,8 +20175,8 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
           var selectedOption = options.selectValueMap[selectElement.val()];
 
           if (selectedOption && !selectedOption.disabled) {
-            removeEmptyOption();
-            removeUnknownOption();
+            selectCtrl.unselectEmptyOption();
+            selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
             return options.getViewValueFromOption(selectedOption);
           }
           return null;
@@ -28902,6 +20184,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
 
         // If we are using `track by` then we must watch the tracked value on the model
         // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
+        // FIXME: When a user selects an option, this watch will fire needlessly
         if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
           scope.$watch(
             function() { return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue); },
@@ -28911,22 +20194,19 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
 
       } else {
 
-        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
-          return !value || value.length === 0;
-        };
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsMultiple(values) {
+          // The options might not be defined yet when ngModel tries to render
+          if (!options) return;
 
+          // Only set `<option>.selected` if necessary, in order to prevent some browsers from
+          // scrolling to `<option>` elements that are outside the `<select>` element's viewport.
+          var selectedOptions = values && values.map(getAndUpdateSelectedOption) || [];
 
-        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsMultiple(value) {
           options.items.forEach(function(option) {
-            option.element.selected = false;
+            if (option.element.selected && !includes(selectedOptions, option)) {
+              option.element.selected = false;
+            }
           });
-
-          if (value) {
-            value.forEach(function(item) {
-              var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(item);
-              if (option) option.element.selected = true;
-            });
-          }
         };
 
 
@@ -28959,28 +20239,47 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
         }
       }
 
-
       if (providedEmptyOption) {
 
-        // we need to remove it before calling selectElement.empty() because otherwise IE will
-        // remove the label from the element. wtf?
-        emptyOption.remove();
-
         // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
-        $compile(emptyOption)(scope);
+        $compile(selectCtrl.emptyOption)(scope);
 
-        // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
-        // becomes the compilation root
-        emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
-      } else {
-        emptyOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
-      }
+        selectElement.prepend(selectCtrl.emptyOption);
 
-      selectElement.empty();
+        if (selectCtrl.emptyOption[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+          // This means the empty option has currently no actual DOM node, probably because
+          // it has been modified by a transclusion directive.
+          selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = false;
+
+          // Redefine the registerOption function, which will catch
+          // options that are added by ngIf etc. (rendering of the node is async because of
+          // lazy transclusion)
+          selectCtrl.registerOption = function(optionScope, optionEl) {
+            if (optionEl.val() === '') {
+              selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = true;
+              selectCtrl.emptyOption = optionEl;
+              selectCtrl.emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+              // This ensures the new empty option is selected if previously no option was selected
+              ngModelCtrl.$render();
+
+              optionEl.on('$destroy', function() {
+                var needsRerender = selectCtrl.$isEmptyOptionSelected();
+
+                selectCtrl.hasEmptyOption = false;
+                selectCtrl.emptyOption = undefined;
+
+                if (needsRerender) ngModelCtrl.$render();
+              });
+            }
+          };
+
+        } else {
+          // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
+          // becomes the compilation root
+          selectCtrl.emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+        }
 
-      // We need to do this here to ensure that the options object is defined
-      // when we first hit it in writeNgOptionsValue
-      updateOptions();
+      }
 
       // We will re-render the option elements if the option values or labels change
       scope.$watchCollection(ngOptions.getWatchables, updateOptions);
@@ -28993,11 +20292,20 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
         updateOptionElement(option, optionElement);
       }
 
+      function getAndUpdateSelectedOption(viewValue) {
+        var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(viewValue);
+        var element = option && option.element;
+
+        if (element && !element.selected) element.selected = true;
+
+        return option;
+      }
 
       function updateOptionElement(option, element) {
         option.element = element;
         element.disabled = option.disabled;
-        // NOTE: The label must be set before the value, otherwise IE10/11/EDGE create unresponsive
+        // Support: IE 11 only, Edge 12-13 only
+        // NOTE: The label must be set before the value, otherwise IE 11 & Edge create unresponsive
         // selects in certain circumstances when multiple selects are next to each other and display
         // the option list in listbox style, i.e. the select is [multiple], or specifies a [size].
         // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/11314 for more info.
@@ -29006,7 +20314,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
           element.label = option.label;
           element.textContent = option.label;
         }
-        if (option.value !== element.value) element.value = option.selectValue;
+        element.value = option.selectValue;
       }
 
       function updateOptions() {
@@ -29033,11 +20341,6 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
 
         var groupElementMap = {};
 
-        // Ensure that the empty option is always there if it was explicitly provided
-        if (providedEmptyOption) {
-          selectElement.prepend(emptyOption);
-        }
-
         options.items.forEach(function addOption(option) {
           var groupElement;
 
@@ -29082,7 +20385,6 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
             ngModelCtrl.$render();
           }
         }
-
       }
   }
 
@@ -29110,27 +20412,27 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
  * @description
  * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
  * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
- * (see {@link guide/i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
+ * (see {@link guide/i18n AngularJS i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
  * by specifying the mappings between
  * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
  * and the strings to be displayed.
  *
- * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
+ * ## Plural categories and explicit number rules
  * There are two
  * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
- * in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
+ * in AngularJS's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
  *
  * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
  * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
  * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
  * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
  *
- * # Configuring ngPluralize
+ * ## Configuring ngPluralize
  * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
  * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
  *
  * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
- * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
+ * AngularJS expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
  *
  * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
  * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
@@ -29152,14 +20454,14 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
  * show "a dozen people are viewing".
  *
  * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
- * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
+ * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, AngularJS will replace `{}` with
  * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
  * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
  *
  * If no rule is defined for a category, then an empty string is displayed and a warning is generated.
  * Note that some locales define more categories than `one` and `other`. For example, fr-fr defines `few` and `many`.
  *
- * # Configuring ngPluralize with offset
+ * ## Configuring ngPluralize with offset
  * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
  * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
  * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
@@ -29180,7 +20482,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
  * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
  * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
  * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
- * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
+ * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and AngularJS uses 1 to decide the plural category.
  * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
  * is shown.
  *
@@ -29194,7 +20496,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
  * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
  *
  * @example
-    <example module="pluralizeExample">
+    <example module="pluralizeExample" name="ng-pluralize">
       <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           angular.module('pluralizeExample', [])
@@ -29308,7 +20610,7 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
 
       scope.$watch(numberExp, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
         var count = parseFloat(newVal);
-        var countIsNaN = isNaN(count);
+        var countIsNaN = isNumberNaN(count);
 
         if (!countIsNaN && !(count in whens)) {
           // If an explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it.
@@ -29318,12 +20620,12 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
 
         // If both `count` and `lastCount` are NaN, we don't need to re-register a watch.
         // In JS `NaN !== NaN`, so we have to explicitly check.
-        if ((count !== lastCount) && !(countIsNaN && isNumber(lastCount) && isNaN(lastCount))) {
+        if ((count !== lastCount) && !(countIsNaN && isNumberNaN(lastCount))) {
           watchRemover();
           var whenExpFn = whensExpFns[count];
           if (isUndefined(whenExpFn)) {
             if (newVal != null) {
-              $log.debug("ngPluralize: no rule defined for '" + count + "' in " + whenExp);
+              $log.debug('ngPluralize: no rule defined for \'' + count + '\' in ' + whenExp);
             }
             watchRemover = noop;
             updateElementText();
@@ -29341,10 +20643,13 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
   };
 }];
 
+/* exported ngRepeatDirective */
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngRepeat
  * @multiElement
+ * @restrict A
  *
  * @description
  * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
@@ -29368,7 +20673,7 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
  * </div>
  *
  *
- * # Iterating over object properties
+ * ## Iterating over object properties
  *
  * It is possible to get `ngRepeat` to iterate over the properties of an object using the following
  * syntax:
@@ -29377,17 +20682,17 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
  * <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in myObj"> ... </div>
  * ```
  *
- * However, there are a limitations compared to array iteration:
+ * However, there are a few limitations compared to array iteration:
  *
  * - The JavaScript specification does not define the order of keys
- *   returned for an object, so Angular relies on the order returned by the browser
+ *   returned for an object, so AngularJS relies on the order returned by the browser
  *   when running `for key in myObj`. Browsers generally follow the strategy of providing
  *   keys in the order in which they were defined, although there are exceptions when keys are deleted
  *   and reinstated. See the
  *   [MDN page on `delete` for more info](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete#Cross-browser_notes).
  *
  * - `ngRepeat` will silently *ignore* object keys starting with `$`, because
- *   it's a prefix used by Angular for public (`$`) and private (`$$`) properties.
+ *   it's a prefix used by AngularJS for public (`$`) and private (`$$`) properties.
  *
  * - The built-in filters {@link ng.orderBy orderBy} and {@link ng.filter filter} do not work with
  *   objects, and will throw an error if used with one.
@@ -29398,10 +20703,10 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
  * or implement a `$watch` on the object yourself.
  *
  *
- * # Tracking and Duplicates
+ * ## Tracking and Duplicates
  *
  * `ngRepeat` uses {@link $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection $watchCollection} to detect changes in
- * the collection. When a change happens, ngRepeat then makes the corresponding changes to the DOM:
+ * the collection. When a change happens, `ngRepeat` then makes the corresponding changes to the DOM:
  *
  * * When an item is added, a new instance of the template is added to the DOM.
  * * When an item is removed, its template instance is removed from the DOM.
@@ -29409,64 +20714,153 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
  *
  * To minimize creation of DOM elements, `ngRepeat` uses a function
  * to "keep track" of all items in the collection and their corresponding DOM elements.
- * For example, if an item is added to the collection, ngRepeat will know that all other items
+ * For example, if an item is added to the collection, `ngRepeat` will know that all other items
  * already have DOM elements, and will not re-render them.
  *
- * The default tracking function (which tracks items by their identity) does not allow
- * duplicate items in arrays. This is because when there are duplicates, it is not possible
- * to maintain a one-to-one mapping between collection items and DOM elements.
+ * All different types of tracking functions, their syntax, and their support for duplicate
+ * items in collections can be found in the
+ * {@link ngRepeat#ngRepeat-arguments ngRepeat expression description}.
  *
- * If you do need to repeat duplicate items, you can substitute the default tracking behavior
- * with your own using the `track by` expression.
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** If you are working with objects that have a unique identifier property, you
+ * should track by this identifier instead of the object instance,
+ * e.g. `item in items track by item.id`.
+ * Should you reload your data later, `ngRepeat` will not have to rebuild the DOM elements for items
+ * it has already rendered, even if the JavaScript objects in the collection have been substituted
+ * for new ones. For large collections, this significantly improves rendering performance.
+ * </div>
  *
- * For example, you may track items by the index of each item in the collection, using the
- * special scope property `$index`:
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="n in [42, 42, 43, 43] track by $index">
- *      {{n}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * ### Effects of DOM Element re-use
  *
- * You may also use arbitrary expressions in `track by`, including references to custom functions
- * on the scope:
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="n in [42, 42, 43, 43] track by myTrackingFunction(n)">
- *      {{n}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * When DOM elements are re-used, ngRepeat updates the scope for the element, which will
+ * automatically update any active bindings on the template. However, other
+ * functionality will not be updated, because the element is not re-created:
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-success">
- * If you are working with objects that have an identifier property, you should track
- * by the identifier instead of the whole object. Should you reload your data later, `ngRepeat`
- * will not have to rebuild the DOM elements for items it has already rendered, even if the
- * JavaScript objects in the collection have been substituted for new ones. For large collections,
- * this significantly improves rendering performance. If you don't have a unique identifier,
- * `track by $index` can also provide a performance boost.
- * </div>
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="model in collection track by model.id">
- *      {{model.name}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * - Directives are not re-compiled
+ * - {@link guide/expression#one-time-binding one-time expressions} on the repeated template are not
+ * updated if they have stabilized.
  *
- * When no `track by` expression is provided, it is equivalent to tracking by the built-in
- * `$id` function, which tracks items by their identity:
- * ```html
- *    <div ng-repeat="obj in collection track by $id(obj)">
- *      {{obj.prop}}
- *    </div>
- * ```
+ * The above affects all kinds of element re-use due to tracking, but may be especially visible
+ * when tracking by `$index` due to the way ngRepeat re-uses elements.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * **Note:** `track by` must always be the last expression:
- * </div>
- * ```
- * <div ng-repeat="model in collection | orderBy: 'id' as filtered_result track by model.id">
- *     {{model.name}}
- * </div>
- * ```
+ * The following example shows the effects of different actions with tracking:
+
+  <example module="ngRepeat" name="ngRepeat-tracking" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('ngRepeat', ['ngAnimate']).controller('repeatController', function($scope) {
+        var friends = [
+          {name:'John', age:25},
+          {name:'Mary', age:40},
+          {name:'Peter', age:85}
+        ];
+
+        $scope.removeFirst = function() {
+          $scope.friends.shift();
+        };
+
+        $scope.updateAge = function() {
+          $scope.friends.forEach(function(el) {
+            el.age = el.age + 5;
+          });
+        };
+
+        $scope.copy = function() {
+          $scope.friends = angular.copy($scope.friends);
+        };
+
+        $scope.reset = function() {
+          $scope.friends = angular.copy(friends);
+        };
+
+        $scope.reset();
+      });
+    </file>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="repeatController">
+        <ol>
+          <li>When you click "Update Age", only the first list updates the age, because all others have
+          a one-time binding on the age property. If you then click "Copy", the current friend list
+          is copied, and now the second list updates the age, because the identity of the collection items
+          has changed and the list must be re-rendered. The 3rd and 4th list stay the same, because all the
+          items are already known according to their tracking functions.
+          </li>
+          <li>When you click "Remove First", the 4th list has the wrong age on both remaining items. This is
+          due to tracking by $index: when the first collection item is removed, ngRepeat reuses the first
+          DOM element for the new first collection item, and so on. Since the age property is one-time
+          bound, the value remains from the collection item which was previously at this index.
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+
+        <button ng-click="removeFirst()">Remove First</button>
+        <button ng-click="updateAge()">Update Age</button>
+        <button ng-click="copy()">Copy</button>
+        <br><button ng-click="reset()">Reset List</button>
+        <br>
+        <code>track by $id(friend)</code> (default):
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by $id(friend)</code> (default), with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by friend.name</code>, with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends track by friend.name">
+            {{friend.name}}  is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+        <code>track by $index</code>, with age one-time binding:
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends track by $index">
+            {{friend.name}} is {{::friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:30px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:30px;
+      }
+    </file>
+  </example>
+
  *
- * # Special repeat start and end points
+ * ## Special repeat start and end points
  * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
  * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
  * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
@@ -29541,22 +20935,38 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
  *     more than one tracking expression value resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
  *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)
  *
- *     Note that the tracking expression must come last, after any filters, and the alias expression.
- *
- *     For example: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`. This implies that the DOM elements
- *     will be associated by item identity in the array.
- *
- *     For example: `item in items track by $id(item)`. A built in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
- *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the array. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
- *     with the corresponding item in the array by identity. Moving the same object in array would move the DOM
- *     element in the same way in the DOM.
- *
- *     For example: `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items come from the database. In this
- *     case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered equivalent as long as their `id`
- *     property is same.
+ *     *Default tracking: $id()*: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`.
+ *     This implies that the DOM elements will be associated by item identity in the collection.
+ *
+ *     The built-in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
+ *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the collection. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
+ *     with the corresponding item in the collection by identity. Moving the same object would move
+ *     the DOM element in the same way in the DOM.
+ *     Note that the default id function does not support duplicate primitive values (`number`, `string`),
+ *     but supports duplictae non-primitive values (`object`) that are *equal* in shape.
+ *
+ *     *Custom Expression*: It is possible to use any AngularJS expression to compute the tracking
+ *     id, for example with a function, or using a property on the collection items.
+ *     `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items have a unique identifier,
+ *     e.g. database id. In this case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered
+ *     equivalent as long as their `id` property is same.
+ *     Tracking by unique identifier is the most performant way and should be used whenever possible.
+ *
+ *     *$index*: This special property tracks the collection items by their index, and
+ *     re-uses the DOM elements that match that index, e.g. `item in items track by $index`. This can
+ *     be used for a performance improvement if no unique identfier is available and the identity of
+ *     the collection items cannot be easily computed. It also allows duplicates.
+ *
+ *     <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *       <strong>Note:</strong> Re-using DOM elements can have unforeseen effects. Read the
+ *       {@link ngRepeat#tracking-and-duplicates section on tracking and duplicates} for
+ *       more info.
+ *     </div>
  *
- *     For example: `item in items | filter:searchText track by item.id` is a pattern that might be used to apply a filter
- *     to items in conjunction with a tracking expression.
+ *     <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *       <strong>Note:</strong> the `track by` expression must come last - after any filters, and the alias expression:
+ *       `item in items | filter:searchText as results  track by item.id`
+ *     </div>
  *
  *   * `variable in expression as alias_expression` – You can also provide an optional alias expression which will then store the
  *     intermediate results of the repeater after the filters have been applied. Typically this is used to render a special message
@@ -29565,24 +20975,24 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
  *     For example: `item in items | filter:x as results` will store the fragment of the repeated items as `results`, but only after
  *     the items have been processed through the filter.
  *
- *     Please note that `as [variable name] is not an operator but rather a part of ngRepeat micro-syntax so it can be used only at the end
- *     (and not as operator, inside an expression).
+ *     Please note that `as [variable name]` is not an operator but rather a part of ngRepeat
+ *     micro-syntax so it can be used only after all filters (and not as operator, inside an expression).
  *
- *     For example: `item in items | filter : x | orderBy : order | limitTo : limit as results` .
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter : x | orderBy : order | limitTo : limit as results track by item.id` .
  *
  * @example
  * This example uses `ngRepeat` to display a list of people. A filter is used to restrict the displayed
- * results by name. New (entering) and removed (leaving) items are animated.
+ * results by name or by age. New (entering) and removed (leaving) items are animated.
   <example module="ngRepeat" name="ngRepeat" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="repeatController">
         I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
         <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." aria-label="filter friends" />
         <ul class="example-animate-container">
-          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results track by friend.name">
             [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
           </li>
-          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length == 0">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length === 0">
             <strong>No results found...</strong>
           </li>
         </ul>
@@ -29675,9 +21085,8 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
     scope.$first = (index === 0);
     scope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
     scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
-    // jshint bitwise: false
-    scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index&1) === 0);
-    // jshint bitwise: true
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
+    scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index & 1) === 0);
   };
 
   var getBlockStart = function(block) {
@@ -29688,6 +21097,13 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
     return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
   };
 
+  var trackByIdArrayFn = function($scope, key, value) {
+    return hashKey(value);
+  };
+
+  var trackByIdObjFn = function($scope, key) {
+    return key;
+  };
 
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
@@ -29703,7 +21119,7 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
       var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/);
 
       if (!match) {
-        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', "Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.",
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', 'Expected expression in form of \'_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]\' but got \'{0}\'.',
             expression);
       }
 
@@ -29712,10 +21128,10 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
       var aliasAs = match[3];
       var trackByExp = match[4];
 
-      match = lhs.match(/^(?:(\s*[\$\w]+)|\(\s*([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\s*\))$/);
+      match = lhs.match(/^(?:(\s*[$\w]+)|\(\s*([$\w]+)\s*,\s*([$\w]+)\s*\))$/);
 
       if (!match) {
-        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', "'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'.",
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', '\'_item_\' in \'_item_ in _collection_\' should be an identifier or \'(_key_, _value_)\' expression, but got \'{0}\'.',
             lhs);
       }
       var valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
@@ -29723,40 +21139,31 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
 
       if (aliasAs && (!/^[$a-zA-Z_][$a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(aliasAs) ||
           /^(null|undefined|this|\$index|\$first|\$middle|\$last|\$even|\$odd|\$parent|\$root|\$id)$/.test(aliasAs))) {
-        throw ngRepeatMinErr('badident', "alias '{0}' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.",
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('badident', 'alias \'{0}\' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.',
           aliasAs);
       }
 
-      var trackByExpGetter, trackByIdExpFn, trackByIdArrayFn, trackByIdObjFn;
-      var hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+      var trackByIdExpFn;
 
       if (trackByExp) {
-        trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
-      } else {
-        trackByIdArrayFn = function(key, value) {
-          return hashKey(value);
-        };
-        trackByIdObjFn = function(key) {
-          return key;
+        var hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+        var trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
+
+        trackByIdExpFn = function($scope, key, value, index) {
+          // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
+          if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
+          hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
+          hashFnLocals.$index = index;
+          return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
         };
       }
 
       return function ngRepeatLink($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
 
-        if (trackByExpGetter) {
-          trackByIdExpFn = function(key, value, index) {
-            // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
-            if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
-            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
-            hashFnLocals.$index = index;
-            return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
-          };
-        }
-
         // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
         // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
         //   - scope: bound scope
-        //   - element: previous element.
+        //   - clone: previous element.
         //   - index: position
         //
         // We are using no-proto object so that we don't need to guard against inherited props via
@@ -29806,7 +21213,7 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
           for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
             key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
             value = collection[key];
-            trackById = trackByIdFn(key, value, index);
+            trackById = trackByIdFn($scope, key, value, index);
             if (lastBlockMap[trackById]) {
               // found previously seen block
               block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
@@ -29819,7 +21226,7 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
                 if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
               });
               throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes',
-                  "Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}",
+                  'Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use \'track by\' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}',
                   expression, trackById, value);
             } else {
               // new never before seen block
@@ -29828,6 +21235,12 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
             }
           }
 
+          // Clear the value property from the hashFnLocals object to prevent a reference to the last value
+          // being leaked into the ngRepeatCompile function scope
+          if (hashFnLocals) {
+            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = undefined;
+          }
+
           // remove leftover items
           for (var blockKey in lastBlockMap) {
             block = lastBlockMap[blockKey];
@@ -29860,7 +21273,7 @@ var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', '$compile', function($parse, $ani
                 nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
               } while (nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);
 
-              if (getBlockStart(block) != nextNode) {
+              if (getBlockStart(block) !== nextNode) {
                 // existing item which got moved
                 $animate.move(getBlockNodes(block.clone), null, previousNode);
               }
@@ -29900,11 +21313,13 @@ var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
  * @multiElement
  *
  * @description
- * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
- * provided to the `ngShow` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
- * the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
- * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
- * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression provided to
+ * the `ngShow` attribute.
+ *
+ * The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element.
+ * The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an
+ * `!important` flag). For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your HTML file (see
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
  *
  * ```html
  * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
@@ -29914,31 +21329,32 @@ var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
  * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
  * ```
  *
- * When the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a falsy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
- * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
- * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ * When the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a falsy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added
+ * to the class attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is removed from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
  *
- * ## Why is !important used?
+ * ## Why is `!important` used?
  *
- * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
- * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
- * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
- * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ * You may be wondering why `!important` is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the
+ * `.ng-hide` selector can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as
+ * simple as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear
+ * visible. This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
  *
- * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
- * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
- * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ * By using `!important`, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between
+ * CSS selector specificity (when `!important` isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a
+ * developer chooses to override the styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a
+ * matter of using `!important` in their own CSS code.
  *
  * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
  *
- * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
- * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
- * class CSS. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope
- * with extra animation classes that can be added.
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none !important`. If you
+ * wish to change the hide behavior with `ngShow`/`ngHide`, you can simply overwrite the styles for
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually
+ * `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope with extra animation classes that can be added.
  *
  * ```css
  * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
- *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   /&#42; These are just alternative ways of hiding an element &#42;/
  *   display: block!important;
  *   position: absolute;
  *   top: -9999px;
@@ -29946,29 +21362,24 @@ var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
  * }
  * ```
  *
- * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
+ * By default you don't need to override anything in CSS and the animations will work around the
+ * display style.
  *
- * ## A note about animations with `ngShow`
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                                           | Occurs                                                                                                        |
+ * |-----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`       | After the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden. |
+ * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass} `.ng-hide` | After the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before contents are set to visible.        |
  *
- * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
- * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass except that
- * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property
- * so that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
+ * Animations in `ngShow`/`ngHide` work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the
+ * directive expression is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with
+ * `ngClass` except that you must also include the `!important` flag to override the display
+ * property so that the elements are not actually hidden during the animation.
  *
  * ```css
- * //
- * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
- * //
+ * /&#42; A working example can be found at the bottom of this page. &#42;/
  * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
- *   /&#42; this is required as of 1.3x to properly
- *      apply all styling in a show/hide animation &#42;/
- *   transition: 0s linear all;
- * }
- *
- * .my-element.ng-hide-add-active,
- * .my-element.ng-hide-remove-active {
- *   /&#42; the transition is defined in the active class &#42;/
- *   transition: 1s linear all;
+ *   transition: all 0.5s linear;
  * }
  *
  * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
@@ -29977,79 +21388,124 @@ var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
  * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
  * ```
  *
- * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display
- * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden |
- * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass}  `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before contents are set to visible |
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display property
+ * to block during animation states - ngAnimate will automatically handle the style toggling for you.
  *
  * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy
- *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy/falsy then the
+ *                            element is shown/hidden respectively.
  *
  * @example
-  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+ * A simple example, animating the element's opacity:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-show-simple">
     <file name="index.html">
-      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br/>
-      <div>
-        Show:
-        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-show="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div>
-        Hide:
-        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-hide="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
+      Show: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br />
+      <div class="check-element animate-show-hide" ng-show="checked">
+        I show up when your checkbox is checked.
       </div>
     </file>
-    <file name="glyphicons.css">
-      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
-    </file>
     <file name="animations.css">
-      .animate-show {
-        line-height: 20px;
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide {
+        opacity: 0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
         opacity: 1;
         padding: 10px;
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
       }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngShow', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
 
-      .animate-show.ng-hide-add, .animate-show.ng-hide-remove {
-        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * @example
+ * A more complex example, featuring different show/hide animations:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-show-complex">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Show: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br />
+      <div class="check-element funky-show-hide" ng-show="checked">
+        I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      body {
+        overflow: hidden;
+        perspective: 1000px;
       }
 
-      .animate-show.ng-hide {
-        line-height: 0;
-        opacity: 0;
-        padding: 0 10px;
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add {
+        transform: rotateZ(0);
+        transform-origin: right;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active {
+        transform: rotateZ(-135deg);
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transform: rotateY(90deg);
+        transform-origin: left;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
+        transform: rotateY(0);
       }
 
       .check-element {
-        padding: 10px;
         border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
-      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
-
-      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
-
-        element(by.model('checked')).click();
+      it('should check ngShow', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
 
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * ### Flickering when using ngShow to toggle between elements
+ *
+ * When using {@link ngShow} and / or {@link ngHide} to toggle between elements, it can
+ * happen that both the element to show and the element to hide are visible for a very short time.
+ *
+ * This usually happens when the {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} is included, but no actual animations
+ * are defined for {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}. Internet Explorer is affected more often than
+ * other browsers.
+ *
+ * There are several way to mitigate this problem:
+ *
+ * - {@link guide/animations#how-to-selectively-enable-disable-and-skip-animations Disable animations on the affected elements}.
+ * - Use {@link ngIf} or {@link ngSwitch} instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Use the special CSS selector `ng-hide.ng-hide-animate` to set `{display: none}` or similar on the affected elements.
+ * - Use `ng-class="{'ng-hide': expression}` instead of instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Define an animation on the affected elements.
  */
 var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
   return {
@@ -30076,11 +21532,13 @@ var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  * @multiElement
  *
  * @description
- * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
- * provided to the `ngHide` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
- * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
- * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
- * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression provided to
+ * the `ngHide` attribute.
+ *
+ * The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element.
+ * The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an
+ * `!important` flag). For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your HTML file (see
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
  *
  * ```html
  * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
@@ -30090,30 +21548,32 @@ var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
  * ```
  *
- * When the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
- * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
- * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ * When the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added
+ * to the class attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is removed from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
  *
- * ## Why is !important used?
+ * ## Why is `!important` used?
  *
- * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
- * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
- * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
- * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ * You may be wondering why `!important` is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the
+ * `.ng-hide` selector can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as
+ * simple as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear
+ * visible. This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
  *
- * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
- * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
- * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ * By using `!important`, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between
+ * CSS selector specificity (when `!important` isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a
+ * developer chooses to override the styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a
+ * matter of using `!important` in their own CSS code.
  *
  * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
  *
- * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
- * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
- * class in CSS:
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none !important`. If you
+ * wish to change the hide behavior with `ngShow`/`ngHide`, you can simply overwrite the styles for
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually
+ * `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope with extra animation classes that can be added.
  *
  * ```css
- * .ng-hide {
- *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
+ * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
+ *   /&#42; These are just alternative ways of hiding an element &#42;/
  *   display: block!important;
  *   position: absolute;
  *   top: -9999px;
@@ -30121,20 +21581,24 @@ var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  * }
  * ```
  *
- * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
+ * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the
+ * display style.
  *
- * ## A note about animations with `ngHide`
+ * @animations
+ * | Animation                                           | Occurs                                                                                                     |
+ * |-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`       | After the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden.  |
+ * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass} `.ng-hide` | After the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before contents are set to visible. |
  *
- * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
- * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass, except that the `.ng-hide`
- * CSS class is added and removed for you instead of your own CSS class.
+ * Animations in `ngShow`/`ngHide` work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the
+ * directive expression is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with
+ * `ngClass` except that you must also include the `!important` flag to override the display
+ * property so that the elements are not actually hidden during the animation.
  *
  * ```css
- * //
- * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
- * //
+ * /&#42; A working example can be found at the bottom of this page. &#42;/
  * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
- *   transition: 0.5s linear all;
+ *   transition: all 0.5s linear;
  * }
  *
  * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
@@ -30143,77 +21607,124 @@ var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
  * ```
  *
- * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display
- * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
- *
- * @animations
- * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
- * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
- * | {@link $animate#addClass addClass} `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden |
- * | {@link $animate#removeClass removeClass}  `.ng-hide`  | after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before contents are set to visible |
- *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3, there is no need to change the display property
+ * to block during animation states - ngAnimate will automatically handle the style toggling for you.
  *
  * @element ANY
- * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy then
- *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy/falsy then the
+ *                            element is hidden/shown respectively.
  *
  * @example
-  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+ * A simple example, animating the element's opacity:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-hide-simple">
     <file name="index.html">
-      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br/>
-      <div>
-        Show:
-        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-show="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div>
-        Hide:
-        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-hide="checked">
-          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
-        </div>
+      Hide: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br />
+      <div class="check-element animate-show-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+        I hide when your checkbox is checked.
       </div>
     </file>
-    <file name="glyphicons.css">
-      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
-    </file>
     <file name="animations.css">
-      .animate-hide {
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide {
+        opacity: 0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
         transition: all linear 0.5s;
-        line-height: 20px;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        border: 1px solid black;
         opacity: 1;
         padding: 10px;
-        border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
       }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should check ngHide', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
 
-      .animate-hide.ng-hide {
-        line-height: 0;
-        opacity: 0;
-        padding: 0 10px;
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * @example
+ * A more complex example, featuring different show/hide animations:
+ *
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-hide-complex">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Hide: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br />
+      <div class="check-element funky-show-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+        I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      body {
+        overflow: hidden;
+        perspective: 1000px;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add {
+        transform: rotateZ(0);
+        transform-origin: right;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active {
+        transform: rotateZ(-135deg);
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        transform: rotateY(90deg);
+        transform-origin: left;
+        transition: all 0.5s ease;
+      }
+
+      .funky-show-hide.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
+        transform: rotateY(0);
       }
 
       .check-element {
-        padding: 10px;
         border: 1px solid black;
-        background: white;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
-      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
-
-      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+      it('should check ngHide', function() {
+        var checkbox = element(by.model('checked'));
+        var checkElem = element(by.css('.check-element'));
 
-        element(by.model('checked')).click();
-
-        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
+        checkbox.click();
+        expect(checkElem.isDisplayed()).toBe(false);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
+ *
+ * @knownIssue
+ *
+ * ### Flickering when using ngHide to toggle between elements
+ *
+ * When using {@link ngShow} and / or {@link ngHide} to toggle between elements, it can
+ * happen that both the element to show and the element to hide are visible for a very short time.
+ *
+ * This usually happens when the {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} is included, but no actual animations
+ * are defined for {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}. Internet Explorer is affected more often than
+ * other browsers.
+ *
+ * There are several way to mitigate this problem:
+ *
+ * - {@link guide/animations#how-to-selectively-enable-disable-and-skip-animations Disable animations on the affected elements}.
+ * - Use {@link ngIf} or {@link ngSwitch} instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Use the special CSS selector `ng-hide.ng-hide-animate` to set `{display: none}` or similar on the affected elements.
+ * - Use `ng-class="{'ng-hide': expression}` instead of instead of {@link ngShow} / {@link ngHide}.
+ * - Define an animation on the affected elements.
  */
 var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
   return {
@@ -30231,6 +21742,7 @@ var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
   };
 }];
 
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngStyle
@@ -30255,7 +21767,7 @@ var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
  *
  * @example
-   <example>
+   <example name="ng-style">
      <file name="index.html">
         <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
         <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
@@ -30273,22 +21785,22 @@ var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
        var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));
 
        it('should check ng-style', function() {
-         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(0, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(0, 0, 0\)/);
          element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
-         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)');
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(255, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(255, 0, 0\)/);
          element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
-         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toMatch(/rgba\(0, 0, 0, 1\)|rgb\(0, 0, 0\)/);
        });
      </file>
    </example>
  */
 var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
-  scope.$watch(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
+  scope.$watchCollection(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
     if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
-      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
+      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, ''); });
     }
     if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
-  }, true);
+  });
 });
 
 /**
@@ -30341,14 +21853,18 @@ var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
  *
  * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
  *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
- *   elements will be displayed.
+ *   elements will be displayed. It is possible to associate multiple values to
+ *   the same `ngSwitchWhen` by defining the optional attribute
+ *   `ngSwitchWhenSeparator`. The separator will be used to split the value of
+ *   the `ngSwitchWhen` attribute into multiple tokens, and the element will show
+ *   if any of the `ngSwitch` evaluates to any of these tokens.
  * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
  *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
  *   case match.
  *
  *
  * @example
-  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="ng-switch">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
@@ -30357,7 +21873,7 @@ var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
         <hr/>
         <div class="animate-switch-container"
           ng-switch on="selection">
-            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings|options" ng-switch-when-separator="|">Settings Div</div>
             <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
             <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
         </div>
@@ -30366,7 +21882,7 @@ var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('switchExample', ['ngAnimate'])
         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
+          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'options', 'other'];
           $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
         }]);
     </file>
@@ -30413,8 +21929,12 @@ var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
         select.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
         expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
       });
-      it('should select default', function() {
+      it('should change to settings via "options"', function() {
         select.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should select default', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(3).click();
         expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
       });
     </file>
@@ -30425,7 +21945,7 @@ var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
     require: 'ngSwitch',
 
     // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
-    controller: ['$scope', function ngSwitchController() {
+    controller: ['$scope', function NgSwitchController() {
      this.cases = {};
     }],
     link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
@@ -30436,21 +21956,24 @@ var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', '$compile', function($animate, $compile) {
           selectedScopes = [];
 
       var spliceFactory = function(array, index) {
-          return function() { array.splice(index, 1); };
+          return function(response) {
+            if (response !== false) array.splice(index, 1);
+          };
       };
 
       scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
         var i, ii;
-        for (i = 0, ii = previousLeaveAnimations.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-          $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimations[i]);
+
+        // Start with the last, in case the array is modified during the loop
+        while (previousLeaveAnimations.length) {
+          $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimations.pop());
         }
-        previousLeaveAnimations.length = 0;
 
         for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
           var selected = getBlockNodes(selectedElements[i].clone);
           selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
-          var promise = previousLeaveAnimations[i] = $animate.leave(selected);
-          promise.then(spliceFactory(previousLeaveAnimations, i));
+          var runner = previousLeaveAnimations[i] = $animate.leave(selected);
+          runner.done(spliceFactory(previousLeaveAnimations, i));
         }
 
         selectedElements.length = 0;
@@ -30480,8 +22003,16 @@ var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
   require: '^ngSwitch',
   multiElement: true,
   link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
-    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] = (ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] || []);
-    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+
+    var cases = attrs.ngSwitchWhen.split(attrs.ngSwitchWhenSeparator).sort().filter(
+      // Filter duplicate cases
+      function(element, index, array) { return array[index - 1] !== element; }
+    );
+
+    forEach(cases, function(whenCase) {
+      ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase] = (ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase] || []);
+      ctrl.cases['!' + whenCase].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+    });
   }
 });
 
@@ -30509,8 +22040,8 @@ var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  *
  * If the transcluded content is not empty (i.e. contains one or more DOM nodes, including whitespace text nodes), any existing
  * content of this element will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
- * If the transcluded content is empty, the existing content is left intact. This lets you provide fallback content in the case
- * that no transcluded content is provided.
+ * If the transcluded content is empty (or only whitespace), the existing content is left intact. This lets you provide fallback
+ * content in the case that no transcluded content is provided.
  *
  * @element ANY
  *
@@ -30543,7 +22074,7 @@ var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
  *       <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
  *       <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
- *       <pane title="{{title}}">{{text}}</pane>
+ *       <pane title="{{title}}"><span>{{text}}</span></pane>
  *     </div>
  *   </file>
  *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
@@ -30565,7 +22096,7 @@ var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  * This example shows how to use `NgTransclude` with fallback content, that
  * is displayed if no transcluded content is provided.
  *
- * <example module="transcludeFallbackContentExample">
+ * <example module="transcludeFallbackContentExample" name="ng-transclude">
  * <file name="index.html">
  * <script>
  * angular.module('transcludeFallbackContentExample', [])
@@ -30618,7 +22149,7 @@ var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  *   </file>
  *   <file name="app.js">
  *    angular.module('multiSlotTranscludeExample', [])
- *     .directive('pane', function(){
+ *     .directive('pane', function() {
  *        return {
  *          restrict: 'E',
  *          transclude: {
@@ -30635,7 +22166,7 @@ var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  *    })
  *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
  *      $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
- *      $scope.link = "https://google.com";
+ *      $scope.link = 'https://google.com';
  *      $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
  *    }]);
  *   </file>
@@ -30658,7 +22189,6 @@ var ngTranscludeMinErr = minErr('ngTransclude');
 var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
   return {
     restrict: 'EAC',
-    terminal: true,
     compile: function ngTranscludeCompile(tElement) {
 
       // Remove and cache any original content to act as a fallback
@@ -30691,7 +22221,7 @@ var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
         }
 
         function ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn(clone, transcludedScope) {
-          if (clone.length) {
+          if (clone.length && notWhitespace(clone)) {
             $element.append(clone);
           } else {
             useFallbackContent();
@@ -30708,6 +22238,15 @@ var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
             $element.append(clone);
           });
         }
+
+        function notWhitespace(nodes) {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = nodes.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            var node = nodes[i];
+            if (node.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_TEXT || node.nodeValue.trim()) {
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
       };
     }
   };
@@ -30725,116 +22264,299 @@ var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
  * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
  * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
  *
- * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
- * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
+ * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
+ * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example  name="script-tag">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
+        Content of the template.
+      </script>
+
+      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
+      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
+        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
+        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    terminal: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (attr.type === 'text/ng-template') {
+        var templateUrl = attr.id,
+            text = element[0].text;
+
+        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/* exported selectDirective, optionDirective */
+
+var noopNgModelController = { $setViewValue: noop, $render: noop };
+
+function setOptionSelectedStatus(optionEl, value) {
+  optionEl.prop('selected', value);
+  /**
+   * When unselecting an option, setting the property to null / false should be enough
+   * However, screenreaders might react to the selected attribute instead, see
+   * https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/14419
+   * Note: "selected" is a boolean attr and will be removed when the "value" arg in attr() is false
+   * or null
+   */
+  optionEl.attr('selected', value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name  select.SelectController
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The controller for the {@link ng.select select} directive. The controller exposes
+ * a few utility methods that can be used to augment the behavior of a regular or an
+ * {@link ng.ngOptions ngOptions} select element.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Set a custom error when the unknown option is selected
+ *
+ * This example sets a custom error "unknownValue" on the ngModelController
+ * when the select element's unknown option is selected, i.e. when the model is set to a value
+ * that is not matched by any option.
+ *
+ * <example name="select-unknown-value-error" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="testSelect"> Single select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="testSelect" ng-model="selected" unknown-value-error>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <span class="error" ng-if="myForm.testSelect.$error.unknownValue">
+ *       Error: The current model doesn't match any option</span><br>
+ *
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.selected = null;
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.selected = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }])
+ *   .directive('unknownValueError', function() {
+ *     return {
+ *       require: ['ngModel', 'select'],
+ *       link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+ *         var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+ *         var selectCtrl = ctrls[1];
+ *
+ *         ngModelCtrl.$validators.unknownValue = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *           if (selectCtrl.$isUnknownOptionSelected()) {
+ *             return false;
+ *           }
+ *
+ *           return true;
+ *         };
+ *       }
+ *
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Set the "required" error when the unknown option is selected.
+ *
+ * By default, the "required" error on the ngModelController is only set on a required select
+ * when the empty option is selected. This example adds a custom directive that also sets the
+ * error when the unknown option is selected.
+ *
+ * <example name="select-unknown-value-required" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="testSelect"> Select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="testSelect" ng-model="selected" required unknown-value-required>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <span class="error" ng-if="myForm.testSelect.$error.required">Error: Please select a value</span><br>
+ *
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.selected = null;
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.selected = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }])
+ *   .directive('unknownValueRequired', function() {
+ *     return {
+ *       priority: 1, // This directive must run after the required directive has added its validator
+ *       require: ['ngModel', 'select'],
+ *       link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
+ *         var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+ *         var selectCtrl = ctrls[1];
+ *
+ *         var originalRequiredValidator = ngModelCtrl.$validators.required;
+ *
+ *         ngModelCtrl.$validators.required = function() {
+ *           if (attrs.required && selectCtrl.$isUnknownOptionSelected()) {
+ *             return false;
+ *           }
  *
- * @example
-  <example>
-    <file name="index.html">
-      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
-        Content of the template.
-      </script>
+ *           return originalRequiredValidator.apply(this, arguments);
+ *         };
+ *       }
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *  it('should show the error message when the unknown option is selected', function() {
 
-      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
-      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
-    </file>
-    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
-      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
-        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
-        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
-      });
-    </file>
-  </example>
- */
-var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
-  return {
-    restrict: 'E',
-    terminal: true,
-    compile: function(element, attr) {
-      if (attr.type == 'text/ng-template') {
-        var templateUrl = attr.id,
-            text = element[0].text;
+      var error = element(by.className('error'));
 
-        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-}];
+      expect(error.getText()).toBe('Error: Please select a value');
 
-var noopNgModelController = { $setViewValue: noop, $render: noop };
+      element(by.cssContainingText('option', 'Option 1')).click();
 
-function chromeHack(optionElement) {
-  // Workaround for https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=381459
-  // Adding an <option selected="selected"> element to a <select required="required"> should
-  // automatically select the new element
-  if (optionElement[0].hasAttribute('selected')) {
-    optionElement[0].selected = true;
-  }
-}
+      expect(error.isPresent()).toBe(false);
 
-/**
- * @ngdoc type
- * @name  select.SelectController
- * @description
- * The controller for the `<select>` directive. This provides support for reading
- * and writing the selected value(s) of the control and also coordinates dynamically
- * added `<option>` elements, perhaps by an `ngRepeat` directive.
+      element(by.tagName('button')).click();
+
+      expect(error.getText()).toBe('Error: Please select a value');
+    });
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ *
  */
 var SelectController =
-        ['$element', '$scope', function($element, $scope) {
+        ['$element', '$scope', /** @this */ function($element, $scope) {
 
   var self = this,
-      optionsMap = new HashMap();
+      optionsMap = new NgMap();
+
+  self.selectValueMap = {}; // Keys are the hashed values, values the original values
 
   // If the ngModel doesn't get provided then provide a dummy noop version to prevent errors
   self.ngModelCtrl = noopNgModelController;
+  self.multiple = false;
 
   // The "unknown" option is one that is prepended to the list if the viewValue
   // does not match any of the options. When it is rendered the value of the unknown
   // option is '? XXX ?' where XXX is the hashKey of the value that is not known.
   //
+  // Support: IE 9 only
   // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
   // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
   self.unknownOption = jqLite(window.document.createElement('option'));
+
+  // The empty option is an option with the value '' that the application developer can
+  // provide inside the select. It is always selectable and indicates that a "null" selection has
+  // been made by the user.
+  // If the select has an empty option, and the model of the select is set to "undefined" or "null",
+  // the empty option is selected.
+  // If the model is set to a different unmatched value, the unknown option is rendered and
+  // selected, i.e both are present, because a "null" selection and an unknown value are different.
+  self.hasEmptyOption = false;
+  self.emptyOption = undefined;
+
   self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
-    var unknownVal = '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
+    var unknownVal = self.generateUnknownOptionValue(val);
     self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
     $element.prepend(self.unknownOption);
+    setOptionSelectedStatus(self.unknownOption, true);
     $element.val(unknownVal);
   };
 
-  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
-    // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
-    self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
-  });
+  self.updateUnknownOption = function(val) {
+    var unknownVal = self.generateUnknownOptionValue(val);
+    self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+    setOptionSelectedStatus(self.unknownOption, true);
+    $element.val(unknownVal);
+  };
+
+  self.generateUnknownOptionValue = function(val) {
+    return '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
+  };
 
   self.removeUnknownOption = function() {
     if (self.unknownOption.parent()) self.unknownOption.remove();
   };
 
+  self.selectEmptyOption = function() {
+    if (self.emptyOption) {
+      $element.val('');
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(self.emptyOption, true);
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.unselectEmptyOption = function() {
+    if (self.hasEmptyOption) {
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(self.emptyOption, false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
+    self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
+  });
 
   // Read the value of the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
   // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
   self.readValue = function readSingleValue() {
-    self.removeUnknownOption();
-    return $element.val();
+    var val = $element.val();
+    // ngValue added option values are stored in the selectValueMap, normal interpolations are not
+    var realVal = val in self.selectValueMap ? self.selectValueMap[val] : val;
+
+    if (self.hasOption(realVal)) {
+      return realVal;
+    }
+
+    return null;
   };
 
 
   // Write the value to the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
   // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
   self.writeValue = function writeSingleValue(value) {
+    // Make sure to remove the selected attribute from the previously selected option
+    // Otherwise, screen readers might get confused
+    var currentlySelectedOption = $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex];
+    if (currentlySelectedOption) setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(currentlySelectedOption), false);
+
     if (self.hasOption(value)) {
       self.removeUnknownOption();
-      $element.val(value);
-      if (value === '') self.emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // to make IE9 happy
+
+      var hashedVal = hashKey(value);
+      $element.val(hashedVal in self.selectValueMap ? hashedVal : value);
+
+      // Set selected attribute and property on selected option for screen readers
+      var selectedOption = $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex];
+      setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(selectedOption), true);
     } else {
-      if (value == null && self.emptyOption) {
-        self.removeUnknownOption();
-        $element.val('');
-      } else {
-        self.renderUnknownOption(value);
-      }
+      self.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption(value);
     }
   };
 
@@ -30846,12 +22568,14 @@ var SelectController =
 
     assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
     if (value === '') {
+      self.hasEmptyOption = true;
       self.emptyOption = element;
     }
     var count = optionsMap.get(value) || 0;
-    optionsMap.put(value, count + 1);
-    self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
-    chromeHack(element);
+    optionsMap.set(value, count + 1);
+    // Only render at the end of a digest. This improves render performance when many options
+    // are added during a digest and ensures all relevant options are correctly marked as selected
+    scheduleRender();
   };
 
   // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been removed
@@ -30859,12 +22583,13 @@ var SelectController =
     var count = optionsMap.get(value);
     if (count) {
       if (count === 1) {
-        optionsMap.remove(value);
+        optionsMap.delete(value);
         if (value === '') {
+          self.hasEmptyOption = false;
           self.emptyOption = undefined;
         }
       } else {
-        optionsMap.put(value, count - 1);
+        optionsMap.set(value, count - 1);
       }
     }
   };
@@ -30874,36 +22599,185 @@ var SelectController =
     return !!optionsMap.get(value);
   };
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$hasEmptyOption
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element currently has an empty option
+   * element, i.e. an option that signifies that the select is empty / the selection is null.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$hasEmptyOption = function() {
+    return self.hasEmptyOption;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$isUnknownOptionSelected
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element's unknown option is selected. The unknown option is added
+   * and automatically selected whenever the select model doesn't match any option.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$isUnknownOptionSelected = function() {
+    // Presence of the unknown option means it is selected
+    return $element[0].options[0] === self.unknownOption[0];
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name select.SelectController#$isEmptyOptionSelected
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Returns `true` if the select element has an empty option and this empty option is currently
+   * selected. Returns `false` if the select element has no empty option or it is not selected.
+   *
+   */
+  self.$isEmptyOptionSelected = function() {
+    return self.hasEmptyOption && $element[0].options[$element[0].selectedIndex] === self.emptyOption[0];
+  };
+
+  self.selectUnknownOrEmptyOption = function(value) {
+    if (value == null && self.emptyOption) {
+      self.removeUnknownOption();
+      self.selectEmptyOption();
+    } else if (self.unknownOption.parent().length) {
+      self.updateUnknownOption(value);
+    } else {
+      self.renderUnknownOption(value);
+    }
+  };
+
+  var renderScheduled = false;
+  function scheduleRender() {
+    if (renderScheduled) return;
+    renderScheduled = true;
+    $scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+      renderScheduled = false;
+      self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+    });
+  }
+
+  var updateScheduled = false;
+  function scheduleViewValueUpdate(renderAfter) {
+    if (updateScheduled) return;
+
+    updateScheduled = true;
+
+    $scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+      if ($scope.$$destroyed) return;
+
+      updateScheduled = false;
+      self.ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(self.readValue());
+      if (renderAfter) self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+    });
+  }
+
 
   self.registerOption = function(optionScope, optionElement, optionAttrs, interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn) {
 
-    if (interpolateValueFn) {
+    if (optionAttrs.$attr.ngValue) {
+      // The value attribute is set by ngValue
+      var oldVal, hashedVal;
+      optionAttrs.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
+
+        var removal;
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
+
+        if (isDefined(hashedVal)) {
+          self.removeOption(oldVal);
+          delete self.selectValueMap[hashedVal];
+          removal = true;
+        }
+
+        hashedVal = hashKey(newVal);
+        oldVal = newVal;
+        self.selectValueMap[hashedVal] = newVal;
+        self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
+        // Set the attribute directly instead of using optionAttrs.$set - this stops the observer
+        // from firing a second time. Other $observers on value will also get the result of the
+        // ngValue expression, not the hashed value
+        optionElement.attr('value', hashedVal);
+
+        if (removal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
+
+      });
+    } else if (interpolateValueFn) {
       // The value attribute is interpolated
-      var oldVal;
       optionAttrs.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
+        // This method is overwritten in ngOptions and has side-effects!
+        self.readValue();
+
+        var removal;
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
+
         if (isDefined(oldVal)) {
           self.removeOption(oldVal);
+          removal = true;
         }
         oldVal = newVal;
         self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
+
+        if (removal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
       });
     } else if (interpolateTextFn) {
       // The text content is interpolated
       optionScope.$watch(interpolateTextFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
         optionAttrs.$set('value', newVal);
+        var previouslySelected = optionElement.prop('selected');
         if (oldVal !== newVal) {
           self.removeOption(oldVal);
         }
         self.addOption(newVal, optionElement);
+
+        if (oldVal && previouslySelected) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate();
+        }
       });
     } else {
       // The value attribute is static
       self.addOption(optionAttrs.value, optionElement);
     }
 
+
+    optionAttrs.$observe('disabled', function(newVal) {
+
+      // Since model updates will also select disabled options (like ngOptions),
+      // we only have to handle options becoming disabled, not enabled
+
+      if (newVal === 'true' || newVal && optionElement.prop('selected')) {
+        if (self.multiple) {
+          scheduleViewValueUpdate(true);
+        } else {
+          self.ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(null);
+          self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
     optionElement.on('$destroy', function() {
-      self.removeOption(optionAttrs.value);
-      self.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+      var currentValue = self.readValue();
+      var removeValue = optionAttrs.value;
+
+      self.removeOption(removeValue);
+      scheduleRender();
+
+      if (self.multiple && currentValue && currentValue.indexOf(removeValue) !== -1 ||
+          currentValue === removeValue
+      ) {
+        // When multiple (selected) options are destroyed at the same time, we don't want
+        // to run a model update for each of them. Instead, run a single update in the $$postDigest
+        scheduleViewValueUpdate(true);
+      }
     });
   };
 }];
@@ -30914,7 +22788,7 @@ var SelectController =
  * @restrict E
  *
  * @description
- * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
+ * HTML `select` element with AngularJS data-binding.
  *
  * The `select` directive is used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`} to provide data-binding
  * between the scope and the `<select>` control (including setting default values).
@@ -30924,14 +22798,27 @@ var SelectController =
  * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the value of the selected option will be bound
  * to the model identified by the `ngModel` directive. With static or repeated options, this is
  * the content of the `value` attribute or the textContent of the `<option>`, if the value attribute is missing.
- * If you want dynamic value attributes, you can use interpolation inside the value attribute.
+ * Value and textContent can be interpolated.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-warning">
- * Note that the value of a `select` directive used without `ngOptions` is always a string.
- * When the model needs to be bound to a non-string value, you must either explicitly convert it
- * using a directive (see example below) or use `ngOptions` to specify the set of options.
- * This is because an option element can only be bound to string values at present.
- * </div>
+ * The {@link select.SelectController select controller} exposes utility functions that can be used
+ * to manipulate the select's behavior.
+ *
+ * ## Matching model and option values
+ *
+ * In general, the match between the model and an option is evaluated by strictly comparing the model
+ * value against the value of the available options.
+ *
+ * If you are setting the option value with the option's `value` attribute, or textContent, the
+ * value will always be a `string` which means that the model value must also be a string.
+ * Otherwise the `select` directive cannot match them correctly.
+ *
+ * To bind the model to a non-string value, you can use one of the following strategies:
+ * - the {@link ng.ngOptions `ngOptions`} directive
+ *   ({@link ng.select#using-select-with-ngoptions-and-setting-a-default-value})
+ * - the {@link ng.ngValue `ngValue`} directive, which allows arbitrary expressions to be
+ *   option values ({@link ng.select#using-ngvalue-to-bind-the-model-to-an-array-of-objects Example})
+ * - model $parsers / $formatters to convert the string value
+ *   ({@link ng.select#binding-select-to-a-non-string-value-via-ngmodel-parsing-formatting Example})
  *
  * If the viewValue of `ngModel` does not match any of the options, then the control
  * will automatically add an "unknown" option, which it then removes when the mismatch is resolved.
@@ -30940,16 +22827,20 @@ var SelectController =
  * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
  * option. See example below for demonstration.
  *
- * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * ## Choosing between `ngRepeat` and `ngOptions`
+ *
  * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of {@link ng.directive:ngOptions
- * ngOptions} to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits, such as
- * more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
- * comprehension expression, and additionally in reducing memory and increasing speed by not creating
- * a new scope for each repeated instance.
- * </div>
+ * ngOptions} to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits:
+ * - more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression
+ * - reduced memory consumption by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance
+ * - increased render speed by creating the options in a documentFragment instead of individually
  *
+ * Specifically, select with repeated options slows down significantly starting at 2000 options in
+ * Chrome and Internet Explorer / Edge.
  *
- * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable AngularJS expression to data-bind to.
  * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
  * @param {string=} multiple Allows multiple options to be selected. The selected values will be
  *     bound to the model as an array.
@@ -30957,10 +22848,13 @@ var SelectController =
  * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds required attribute and required validation constraint to
  * the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use ngRequired instead of required
  * when you want to data-bind to the required attribute.
- * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when selected option(s) changes due to user
+ * @param {string=} ngChange AngularJS expression to be executed when selected option(s) changes due to user
  *    interaction with the select element.
  * @param {string=} ngOptions sets the options that the select is populated with and defines what is
  * set on the model on selection. See {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`}.
+ * @param {string=} ngAttrSize sets the size of the select element dynamically. Uses the
+ * {@link guide/interpolation#-ngattr-for-binding-to-arbitrary-attributes ngAttr} directive.
+ *
  *
  * @example
  * ### Simple `select` elements with static options
@@ -31001,7 +22895,7 @@ var SelectController =
  *      $scope.data = {
  *       singleSelect: null,
  *       multipleSelect: [],
- *       option1: 'option-1',
+ *       option1: 'option-1'
  *      };
  *
  *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
@@ -31011,36 +22905,70 @@ var SelectController =
  * </file>
  *</example>
  *
+ * @example
  * ### Using `ngRepeat` to generate `select` options
- * <example name="ngrepeat-select" module="ngrepeatSelect">
+ * <example name="select-ngrepeat" module="ngrepeatSelect">
  * <file name="index.html">
  * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
  *   <form name="myForm">
  *     <label for="repeatSelect"> Repeat select: </label>
- *     <select name="repeatSelect" id="repeatSelect" ng-model="data.repeatSelect">
+ *     <select name="repeatSelect" id="repeatSelect" ng-model="data.model">
  *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" value="{{option.id}}">{{option.name}}</option>
  *     </select>
  *   </form>
  *   <hr>
- *   <tt>repeatSelect = {{data.repeatSelect}}</tt><br/>
+ *   <tt>model = {{data.model}}</tt><br/>
  * </div>
  * </file>
  * <file name="app.js">
  *  angular.module('ngrepeatSelect', [])
  *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
  *      $scope.data = {
- *       repeatSelect: null,
+ *       model: null,
  *       availableOptions: [
  *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
  *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
  *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
- *       ],
+ *       ]
  *      };
  *   }]);
  * </file>
  *</example>
  *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `ngValue` to bind the model to an array of objects
+ * <example name="select-ngvalue" module="ngvalueSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="ngvalueselect"> ngvalue select: </label>
+ *     <select size="6" name="ngvalueselect" ng-model="data.model" multiple>
+ *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" ng-value="option.value">{{option.name}}</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <pre>model = {{data.model | json}}</pre><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('ngvalueSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       model: null,
+ *       availableOptions: [
+           {value: 'myString', name: 'string'},
+           {value: 1, name: 'integer'},
+           {value: true, name: 'boolean'},
+           {value: null, name: 'null'},
+           {value: {prop: 'value'}, name: 'object'},
+           {value: ['a'], name: 'array'}
+ *       ]
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
  *
+ * @example
  * ### Using `select` with `ngOptions` and setting a default value
  * See the {@link ngOptions ngOptions documentation} for more `ngOptions` usage examples.
  *
@@ -31072,7 +23000,7 @@ var SelectController =
  * </file>
  *</example>
  *
- *
+ * @example
  * ### Binding `select` to a non-string value via `ngModel` parsing / formatting
  *
  * <example name="select-with-non-string-options" module="nonStringSelect">
@@ -31105,7 +23033,6 @@ var SelectController =
  *   </file>
  *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
  *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
- *       var select = element(by.css('select'));
  *       expect(element(by.model('model.id')).$('option:checked').getText()).toEqual('Two');
  *     });
  *   </file>
@@ -31127,11 +23054,16 @@ var selectDirective = function() {
 
   function selectPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
 
-      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
       var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
-      if (!ngModelCtrl) return;
 
-      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything but set the registerOption
+      // function to noop, so options don't get added internally
+      if (!ngModelCtrl) {
+        selectCtrl.registerOption = noop;
+        return;
+      }
+
 
       selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl;
 
@@ -31139,6 +23071,7 @@ var selectDirective = function() {
       // to the `readValue` method, which can be changed if the select can have multiple
       // selected values or if the options are being generated by `ngOptions`
       element.on('change', function() {
+        selectCtrl.removeUnknownOption();
         scope.$apply(function() {
           ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectCtrl.readValue());
         });
@@ -31149,13 +23082,15 @@ var selectDirective = function() {
       // we have to add an extra watch since ngModel doesn't work well with arrays - it
       // doesn't trigger rendering if only an item in the array changes.
       if (attr.multiple) {
+        selectCtrl.multiple = true;
 
         // Read value now needs to check each option to see if it is selected
         selectCtrl.readValue = function readMultipleValue() {
           var array = [];
           forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
-            if (option.selected) {
-              array.push(option.value);
+            if (option.selected && !option.disabled) {
+              var val = option.value;
+              array.push(val in selectCtrl.selectValueMap ? selectCtrl.selectValueMap[val] : val);
             }
           });
           return array;
@@ -31163,9 +23098,22 @@ var selectDirective = function() {
 
         // Write value now needs to set the selected property of each matching option
         selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeMultipleValue(value) {
-          var items = new HashMap(value);
           forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
-            option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
+            var shouldBeSelected = !!value && (includes(value, option.value) ||
+                                               includes(value, selectCtrl.selectValueMap[option.value]));
+            var currentlySelected = option.selected;
+
+            // Support: IE 9-11 only, Edge 12-15+
+            // In IE and Edge adding options to the selection via shift+click/UP/DOWN
+            // will de-select already selected options if "selected" on those options was set
+            // more than once (i.e. when the options were already selected)
+            // So we only modify the selected property if necessary.
+            // Note: this behavior cannot be replicated via unit tests because it only shows in the
+            // actual user interface.
+            if (shouldBeSelected !== currentlySelected) {
+              setOptionSelectedStatus(jqLite(option), shouldBeSelected);
+            }
+
           });
         };
 
@@ -31216,13 +23164,17 @@ var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
     restrict: 'E',
     priority: 100,
     compile: function(element, attr) {
-      if (isDefined(attr.value)) {
+      var interpolateValueFn, interpolateTextFn;
+
+      if (isDefined(attr.ngValue)) {
+        // Will be handled by registerOption
+      } else if (isDefined(attr.value)) {
         // If the value attribute is defined, check if it contains an interpolation
-        var interpolateValueFn = $interpolate(attr.value, true);
+        interpolateValueFn = $interpolate(attr.value, true);
       } else {
         // If the value attribute is not defined then we fall back to the
         // text content of the option element, which may be interpolated
-        var interpolateTextFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
+        interpolateTextFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
         if (!interpolateTextFn) {
           attr.$set('value', element.text());
         }
@@ -31244,23 +23196,22 @@ var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
   };
 }];
 
-var styleDirective = valueFn({
-  restrict: 'E',
-  terminal: false
-});
-
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngRequired
  * @restrict A
  *
+ * @param {expression} ngRequired AngularJS expression. If it evaluates to `true`, it sets the
+ *                                `required` attribute to the element and adds the `required`
+ *                                {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`}.
+ *
  * @description
  *
  * ngRequired adds the required {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `validator`} to {@link ngModel `ngModel`}.
  * It is most often used for {@link input `input`} and {@link select `select`} controls, but can also be
  * applied to custom controls.
  *
- * The directive sets the `required` attribute on the element if the Angular expression inside
+ * The directive sets the `required` attribute on the element if the AngularJS expression inside
  * `ngRequired` evaluates to true. A special directive for setting `required` is necessary because we
  * cannot use interpolation inside `required`. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide}
  * for more info.
@@ -31308,28 +23259,44 @@ var styleDirective = valueFn({
  *   </file>
  * </example>
  */
-var requiredDirective = function() {
+var requiredDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
     require: '?ngModel',
     link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
       if (!ctrl) return;
-      attr.required = true; // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+      // For boolean attributes like required, presence means true
+      var value = attr.hasOwnProperty('required') || $parse(attr.ngRequired)(scope);
+
+      if (!attr.ngRequired) {
+        // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+        // (input elements do this automatically for boolean attributes like required)
+        attr.required = true;
+      }
 
       ctrl.$validators.required = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        return !attr.required || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
+        return !value || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
       };
 
-      attr.$observe('required', function() {
-        ctrl.$validate();
+      attr.$observe('required', function(newVal) {
+
+        if (value !== newVal) {
+          value = newVal;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
       });
     }
   };
-};
+}];
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngPattern
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression|RegExp} ngPattern AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `RegExp` or a `String`
+ *                                      parsable into a `RegExp`, or a `RegExp` literal. See above for
+ *                                      more details.
  *
  * @description
  *
@@ -31337,11 +23304,12 @@ var requiredDirective = function() {
  * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
  *
  * The validator sets the `pattern` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
- * does not match a RegExp which is obtained by evaluating the Angular expression given in the
- * `ngPattern` attribute value:
- * * If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
- * * If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it
- * in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+ * does not match a RegExp which is obtained from the `ngPattern` attribute value:
+ * - the value is an AngularJS expression:
+ *   - If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *   - If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it
+ *     in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+ * - If the value is a RegExp literal, e.g. `ngPattern="/^\d+$/"`, it is used directly.
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-info">
  * **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
@@ -31402,40 +23370,68 @@ var requiredDirective = function() {
  *   </file>
  * </example>
  */
-var patternDirective = function() {
+var patternDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
     require: '?ngModel',
-    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
-      if (!ctrl) return;
-
-      var regexp, patternExp = attr.ngPattern || attr.pattern;
-      attr.$observe('pattern', function(regex) {
-        if (isString(regex) && regex.length > 0) {
-          regex = new RegExp('^' + regex + '$');
+    compile: function(tElm, tAttr) {
+      var patternExp;
+      var parseFn;
+
+      if (tAttr.ngPattern) {
+        patternExp = tAttr.ngPattern;
+
+        // ngPattern might be a scope expression, or an inlined regex, which is not parsable.
+        // We get value of the attribute here, so we can compare the old and the new value
+        // in the observer to avoid unnecessary validations
+        if (tAttr.ngPattern.charAt(0) === '/' && REGEX_STRING_REGEXP.test(tAttr.ngPattern)) {
+          parseFn = function() { return tAttr.ngPattern; };
+        } else {
+          parseFn = $parse(tAttr.ngPattern);
         }
+      }
+
+      return function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+        if (!ctrl) return;
+
+        var attrVal = attr.pattern;
 
-        if (regex && !regex.test) {
-          throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
-            'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
-            regex, startingTag(elm));
+        if (attr.ngPattern) {
+          attrVal = parseFn(scope);
+        } else {
+          patternExp = attr.pattern;
         }
 
-        regexp = regex || undefined;
-        ctrl.$validate();
-      });
+        var regexp = parsePatternAttr(attrVal, patternExp, elm);
+
+        attr.$observe('pattern', function(newVal) {
+          var oldRegexp = regexp;
 
-      ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        // HTML5 pattern constraint validates the input value, so we validate the viewValue
-        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(viewValue);
+          regexp = parsePatternAttr(newVal, patternExp, elm);
+
+          if ((oldRegexp && oldRegexp.toString()) !== (regexp && regexp.toString())) {
+            ctrl.$validate();
+          }
+        });
+
+        ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+          // HTML5 pattern constraint validates the input value, so we validate the viewValue
+          return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(viewValue);
+        };
       };
     }
+
   };
-};
+}];
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngMaxlength
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMaxlength AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `Number` or `String`
+ *                                 parsable into a `Number`. Used as value for the `maxlength`
+ *                                 {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators validator}.
  *
  * @description
  *
@@ -31443,7 +23439,7 @@ var patternDirective = function() {
  * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
  *
  * The validator sets the `maxlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
- * is longer than the integer obtained by evaluating the Angular expression given in the
+ * is longer than the integer obtained by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the
  * `ngMaxlength` attribute value.
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-info">
@@ -31499,29 +23495,38 @@ var patternDirective = function() {
  *   </file>
  * </example>
  */
-var maxlengthDirective = function() {
+var maxlengthDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
     require: '?ngModel',
     link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
       if (!ctrl) return;
 
-      var maxlength = -1;
+      var maxlength = attr.maxlength || $parse(attr.ngMaxlength)(scope);
+      var maxlengthParsed = parseLength(maxlength);
+
       attr.$observe('maxlength', function(value) {
-        var intVal = toInt(value);
-        maxlength = isNaN(intVal) ? -1 : intVal;
-        ctrl.$validate();
+        if (maxlength !== value) {
+          maxlengthParsed = parseLength(value);
+          maxlength = value;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
       });
       ctrl.$validators.maxlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        return (maxlength < 0) || ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || (viewValue.length <= maxlength);
+        return (maxlengthParsed < 0) || ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || (viewValue.length <= maxlengthParsed);
       };
     }
   };
-};
+}];
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive
  * @name ngMinlength
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @param {expression} ngMinlength AngularJS expression that must evaluate to a `Number` or `String`
+ *                                 parsable into a `Number`. Used as value for the `minlength`
+ *                                 {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators validator}.
  *
  * @description
  *
@@ -31529,7 +23534,7 @@ var maxlengthDirective = function() {
  * It is most often used for text-based {@link input `input`} controls, but can also be applied to custom text-based controls.
  *
  * The validator sets the `minlength` error key if the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue `ngModel.$viewValue`}
- * is shorter than the integer obtained by evaluating the Angular expression given in the
+ * is shorter than the integer obtained by evaluating the AngularJS expression given in the
  * `ngMinlength` attribute value.
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-info">
@@ -31583,35 +23588,62 @@ var maxlengthDirective = function() {
  *   </file>
  * </example>
  */
-var minlengthDirective = function() {
+var minlengthDirective = ['$parse', function($parse) {
   return {
     restrict: 'A',
     require: '?ngModel',
     link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
       if (!ctrl) return;
 
-      var minlength = 0;
+      var minlength = attr.minlength || $parse(attr.ngMinlength)(scope);
+      var minlengthParsed = parseLength(minlength) || -1;
+
       attr.$observe('minlength', function(value) {
-        minlength = toInt(value) || 0;
-        ctrl.$validate();
+        if (minlength !== value) {
+          minlengthParsed = parseLength(value) || -1;
+          minlength = value;
+          ctrl.$validate();
+        }
+
       });
       ctrl.$validators.minlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
-        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || viewValue.length >= minlength;
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || viewValue.length >= minlengthParsed;
       };
     }
   };
-};
+}];
+
+function parsePatternAttr(regex, patternExp, elm) {
+  if (!regex) return undefined;
+
+  if (isString(regex)) {
+    regex = new RegExp('^' + regex + '$');
+  }
+
+  if (!regex.test) {
+    throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
+      'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
+      regex, startingTag(elm));
+  }
+
+  return regex;
+}
+
+function parseLength(val) {
+  var intVal = toInt(val);
+  return isNumberNaN(intVal) ? -1 : intVal;
+}
 
 if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
-  //AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
+  // AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
   if (window.console) {
-    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load angular more than once.');
+    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load AngularJS more than once.');
   }
   return;
 }
 
-//try to bind to jquery now so that one can write jqLite(document).ready()
-//but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
+// try to bind to jquery now so that one can write jqLite(fn)
+// but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
 bindJQuery();
 
 publishExternalAPI(angular);
@@ -31659,7 +23691,7 @@ $provide.value("$locale", {
       "BC",
       "AD"
     ],
-    "FIRSTDAYOFWEEK": 6,
+    "FIRSTDAYOFWEEK": 0,
     "MONTH": [
       "January",
       "February",
@@ -31715,13 +23747,13 @@ $provide.value("$locale", {
       5,
       6
     ],
-    "fullDate": "EEEE, MMMM d, y",
-    "longDate": "MMMM d, y",
-    "medium": "MMM d, y h:mm:ss a",
-    "mediumDate": "MMM d, y",
+    "fullDate": "EEEE, d MMMM y",
+    "longDate": "d MMMM y",
+    "medium": "d MMM y h:mm:ss a",
+    "mediumDate": "d MMM y",
     "mediumTime": "h:mm:ss a",
-    "short": "M/d/yy h:mm a",
-    "shortDate": "M/d/yy",
+    "short": "dd/MM/y h:mm a",
+    "shortDate": "dd/MM/y",
     "shortTime": "h:mm a"
   },
   "NUMBER_FORMATS": {
@@ -31753,16 +23785,16 @@ $provide.value("$locale", {
       }
     ]
   },
-  "id": "en-us",
-  "localeID": "en_US",
+  "id": "en-na",
+  "localeID": "en_NA",
   "pluralCat": function(n, opt_precision) {  var i = n | 0;  var vf = getVF(n, opt_precision);  if (i == 1 && vf.v == 0) {    return PLURAL_CATEGORY.ONE;  }  return PLURAL_CATEGORY.OTHER;}
 });
 }]);
 
-  jqLite(window.document).ready(function() {
+  jqLite(function() {
     angularInit(window.document, bootstrap);
   });
 
 })(window);
 
-!window.angular.$$csp().noInlineStyle && window.angular.element(document.head).prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate){display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}.ng-animate-shim{visibility:hidden;}.ng-anchor{position:absolute;}</style>');
\ No newline at end of file
+!window.angular.$$csp().noInlineStyle && window.angular.element(document.head).prepend(window.angular.element('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate){display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}.ng-animate-shim{visibility:hidden;}.ng-anchor{position:absolute;}</style>'));
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/errors.json b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/errors.json
index 51609a3..b12733f 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/errors.json
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/errors.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"id":"ng","generated":"Fri Jul 22 2016 08:20:15 GMT-0700 (PDT)","errors":{"ng":{"areq":"Argument '{0}' is {1}","cpta":"Can't copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.","test":"no injector found for element argument to getTestability","cpws":"Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.","btstrpd":"App already bootstrapped with this element '{0}'","cpi":"Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.","badname":"hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name"},"$http":{"legacy":"The method `{0}` on the promise returned from `$http` has been disabled.","badreq":"Http request configuration url must be a string.  Received: {0}"},"ngRepeat":{"badident":"alias '{0}' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.","iexp":"Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.","dupes":"Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}","iidexp":"'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'."},"$sce":{"imatcher":"Matchers may only be \"self\", string patterns or RegExp objects","icontext":"Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}","iwcard":"Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}","insecurl":"Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}","iequirks":"Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.","unsafe":"Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.","itype":"Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}"},"ngPattern":{"noregexp":"Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}"},"$controller":{"ctrlfmt":"Badly formed controller string '{0}'. Must match `__name__ as __id__` or `__name__`.","noscp":"Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`."},"$parse":{"isecfn":"Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","isecwindow":"Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","ueoe":"Unexpected end of expression: {0}","isecdom":"Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","lexerr":"Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].","esc":"IMPOSSIBLE","isecobj":"Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","lval":"Trying to assign a value to a non l-value","isecff":"Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","syntax":"Syntax Error: Token '{0}' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].","isecaf":"Assigning to a constructor is disallowed! Expression: {0}","isecfld":"Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! Expression: {0}"},"orderBy":{"notarray":"Expected array but received: {0}"},"jqLite":{"offargs":"jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument","onargs":"jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters","nosel":"Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element"},"$animate":{"notcsel":"Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.","nongcls":"$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the \"{0}\" CSS class."},"$q":{"norslvr":"Expected resolverFn, got '{0}'","qcycle":"Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself '{0}'"},"$injector":{"pget":"Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.","cdep":"Circular dependency found: {0}","nomod":"Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you specify the dependencies as the second argument.","strictdi":"{0} is not using explicit annotation and cannot be invoked in strict mode","modulerr":"Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}","undef":"Provider '{0}' must return a value from $get factory method.","unpr":"Unknown provider: {0}","itkn":"Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}"},"$templateRequest":{"tpload":"Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})"},"filter":{"notarray":"Expected array but received: {0}"},"ngTransclude":{"orphan":"Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. Element: {0}"},"ngModel":{"nopromise":"Expected asynchronous validator to return a promise but got '{0}' instead.","nonassign":"Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}","datefmt":"Expected `{0}` to be a date","constexpr":"Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw `{1}`.","numfmt":"Expected `{0}` to be a number"},"$location":{"nostate":"History API state support is available only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API","ipthprfx":"Invalid url \"{0}\", missing path prefix \"{1}\".","isrcharg":"The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.","nobase":"$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!"},"$cacheFactory":{"iid":"CacheId '{0}' is already taken!"},"$interpolate":{"noconcat":"Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce","interr":"Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}","nochgmustache":"angular-message-format.js currently does not allow you to use custom start and end symbols for interpolation.","reqcomma":"Expected a comma after the keyword “{0}” at line {1}, column {2} of text “{3}”","untermstr":"The string beginning at line {0}, column {1} is unterminated in text “{2}”","badexpr":"Unexpected operator “{0}” at line {1}, column {2} in text. Was expecting “{3}”. Text: “{4}”","dupvalue":"The choice “{0}” is specified more than once. Duplicate key is at line {1}, column {2} in text “{3}”","unsafe":"Use of select/plural MessageFormat syntax is currently disallowed in a secure context ({0}).  At line {1}, column {2} of text “{3}”","reqother":"“other” is a required option.","reqendinterp":"Expecting end of interpolation symbol, “{0}”, at line {1}, column {2} in text “{3}”","reqarg":"Expected one of “plural” or “select” at line {0}, column {1} of text “{2}”","wantstring":"Expected the beginning of a string at line {0}, column {1} in text “{2}”","logicbug":"The messageformat parser has encountered an internal error.  Please file a github issue against the AngularJS project and provide this message text that triggers the bug.  Text: “{0}”","reqopenbrace":"The plural choice “{0}” must be followed by a message in braces at line {1}, column {2} in text “{3}”","unknarg":"Unsupported keyword “{0}” at line {0}, column {1}. Only “plural” and “select” are currently supported.  Text: “{3}”","reqendbrace":"The plural/select choice “{0}” message starting at line {1}, column {2} does not have an ending closing brace. Text “{3}”"},"ngOptions":{"iexp":"Expected expression in form of '_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_' but got '{0}'. Element: {1}"},"$rootScope":{"inprog":"{0} already in progress","infdig":"{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\nWatchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}"},"$compile":{"noident":"Cannot bind to controller without identifier for directive '{0}'.","selmulti":"Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}","ctreq":"Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!","tplrt":"Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}","iscp":"Invalid {3} for directive '{0}'. Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}","baddir":"Directive/Component name '{0}' is invalid. The name should not contain leading or trailing whitespaces","noctrl":"Cannot bind to controller without directive '{0}'s controller.","multidir":"Multiple directives [{0}{1}, {2}{3}] asking for {4} on: {5}","uterdir":"Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.","infchng":"{0} $onChanges() iterations reached. Aborting!\n","reqslot":"Required transclusion slot `{0}` was not filled.","nodomevents":"Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.","nonassign":"Expression '{0}' in attribute '{1}' used with directive '{2}' is non-assignable!","noslot":"No parent directive that requires a transclusion with slot name \"{0}\". Element: {1}"},"$resource":{"badargs":"Expected up to 4 arguments [params, data, success, error], got {0} arguments","badmember":"Dotted member path \"@{0}\" is invalid.","badname":"hasOwnProperty is not a valid parameter name.","badcfg":"Error in resource configuration for action `{0}`. Expected response to contain an {1} but got an {2} (Request: {3} {4})"},"$route":{"norout":"Tried updating route when with no current route"},"linky":{"notstring":"Expected string but received: {0}"},"$sanitize":{"noinert":"Can't create an inert html document","uinput":"Failed to sanitize html because the input is unstable"}}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"id":"ng","generated":"Wed Oct 21 2020 04:29:16 GMT-0700 (PDT)","errors":{"ng":{"areq":"Argument '{0}' is {1}","cpta":"Can't copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.","test":"no injector found for element argument to getTestability","cpws":"Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.","btstrpd":"App already bootstrapped with this element '{0}'","cpi":"Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.","badname":"hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name"},"$http":{"legacy":"The method `{0}` on the promise returned from `$http` has been disabled.","badreq":"Http request configuration url must be a string.  Received: {0}"},"ngRepeat":{"badident":"alias '{0}' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.","iexp":"Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.","dupes":"Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}","iidexp":"'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'."},"$sce":{"imatcher":"Matchers may only be \"self\", string patterns or RegExp objects","icontext":"Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}","iwcard":"Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}","insecurl":"Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}","iequirks":"Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.","unsafe":"Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.","itype":"Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}"},"ngPattern":{"noregexp":"Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}"},"$controller":{"ctrlfmt":"Badly formed controller string '{0}'. Must match `__name__ as __id__` or `__name__`.","noscp":"Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`."},"$parse":{"isecfn":"Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","isecwindow":"Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","ueoe":"Unexpected end of expression: {0}","isecdom":"Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","lexerr":"Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].","esc":"IMPOSSIBLE","isecobj":"Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","lval":"Trying to assign a value to a non l-value","isecff":"Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}","syntax":"Syntax Error: Token '{0}' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].","isecaf":"Assigning to a constructor is disallowed! Expression: {0}","isecfld":"Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! Expression: {0}"},"orderBy":{"notarray":"Expected array but received: {0}"},"jqLite":{"offargs":"jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument","onargs":"jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters","nosel":"Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element"},"$animate":{"notcsel":"Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.","nongcls":"$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the \"{0}\" CSS class."},"$q":{"norslvr":"Expected resolverFn, got '{0}'","qcycle":"Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself '{0}'"},"$injector":{"pget":"Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.","cdep":"Circular dependency found: {0}","nomod":"Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you specify the dependencies as the second argument.","strictdi":"{0} is not using explicit annotation and cannot be invoked in strict mode","modulerr":"Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}","undef":"Provider '{0}' must return a value from $get factory method.","unpr":"Unknown provider: {0}","itkn":"Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}"},"$templateRequest":{"tpload":"Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})"},"filter":{"notarray":"Expected array but received: {0}"},"ngTransclude":{"orphan":"Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. Element: {0}"},"ngModel":{"nopromise":"Expected asynchronous validator to return a promise but got '{0}' instead.","nonassign":"Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}","datefmt":"Expected `{0}` to be a date","constexpr":"Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw `{1}`.","numfmt":"Expected `{0}` to be a number"},"$location":{"nostate":"History API state support is available only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API","ipthprfx":"Invalid url \"{0}\", missing path prefix \"{1}\".","isrcharg":"The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.","nobase":"$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!"},"$cacheFactory":{"iid":"CacheId '{0}' is already taken!"},"$interpolate":{"noconcat":"Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce","interr":"Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}","nochgmustache":"angular-message-format.js currently does not allow you to use custom start and end symbols for interpolation.","reqcomma":"Expected a comma after the keyword “{0}” at line {1}, column {2} of text “{3}”","untermstr":"The string beginning at line {0}, column {1} is unterminated in text “{2}”","badexpr":"Unexpected operator “{0}” at line {1}, column {2} in text. Was expecting “{3}”. Text: “{4}”","dupvalue":"The choice “{0}” is specified more than once. Duplicate key is at line {1}, column {2} in text “{3}”","unsafe":"Use of select/plural MessageFormat syntax is currently disallowed in a secure context ({0}).  At line {1}, column {2} of text “{3}”","reqother":"“other” is a required option.","reqendinterp":"Expecting end of interpolation symbol, “{0}”, at line {1}, column {2} in text “{3}”","reqarg":"Expected one of “plural” or “select” at line {0}, column {1} of text “{2}”","wantstring":"Expected the beginning of a string at line {0}, column {1} in text “{2}”","logicbug":"The messageformat parser has encountered an internal error.  Please file a github issue against the AngularJS project and provide this message text that triggers the bug.  Text: “{0}”","reqopenbrace":"The plural choice “{0}” must be followed by a message in braces at line {1}, column {2} in text “{3}”","unknarg":"Unsupported keyword “{0}” at line {0}, column {1}. Only “plural” and “select” are currently supported.  Text: “{3}”","reqendbrace":"The plural/select choice “{0}” message starting at line {1}, column {2} does not have an ending closing brace. Text “{3}”"},"ngOptions":{"iexp":"Expected expression in form of '_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_' but got '{0}'. Element: {1}"},"$rootScope":{"inprog":"{0} already in progress","infdig":"{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\nWatchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}"},"$compile":{"noident":"Cannot bind to controller without identifier for directive '{0}'.","selmulti":"Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}","ctreq":"Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!","tplrt":"Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}","iscp":"Invalid {3} for directive '{0}'. Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}","baddir":"Directive/Component name '{0}' is invalid. The name should not contain leading or trailing whitespaces","noctrl":"Cannot bind to controller without directive '{0}'s controller.","multidir":"Multiple directives [{0}{1}, {2}{3}] asking for {4} on: {5}","uterdir":"Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.","infchng":"{0} $onChanges() iterations reached. Aborting!\n","reqslot":"Required transclusion slot `{0}` was not filled.","nodomevents":"Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.","nonassign":"Expression '{0}' in attribute '{1}' used with directive '{2}' is non-assignable!","noslot":"No parent directive that requires a transclusion with slot name \"{0}\". Element: {1}"},"$resource":{"badargs":"Expected up to 4 arguments [params, data, success, error], got {0} arguments","badmember":"Dotted member path \"@{0}\" is invalid.","badname":"hasOwnProperty is not a valid parameter name.","badcfg":"Error in resource configuration for action `{0}`. Expected response to contain an {1} but got an {2} (Request: {3} {4})"},"$route":{"norout":"Tried updating route when with no current route"},"linky":{"notstring":"Expected string but received: {0}"},"$sanitize":{"noinert":"Can't create an inert html document","uinput":"Failed to sanitize html because the input is unstable"}}}
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.json b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.json
index edd6186..693d417 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.json
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"raw":"v1.5.8","major":1,"minor":5,"patch":8,"prerelease":[],"build":[],"version":"1.5.8","codeName":"arbitrary-fallbacks","full":"1.5.8","branch":"v1.5.x","cdn":{"raw":"v1.5.7","major":1,"minor":5,"patch":7,"prerelease":[],"build":[],"version":"1.5.7","docsUrl":"http://code.angularjs.org/1.5.7/docs"}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"raw":"v1.8.2","major":1,"minor":8,"patch":2,"prerelease":[],"build":[],"version":"1.8.2","codeName":"meteoric-mining","full":"1.8.2","branch":"v1.8.x","cdn":{"raw":"v1.8.2","major":1,"minor":8,"patch":2,"prerelease":[],"build":[],"version":"1.8.2","docsUrl":"http://code.angularjs.org/1.8.2/docs"}}
diff --git a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.txt b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.txt
index fa5512a..53adb84 100644
--- a/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.txt
+++ b/xstatic/pkg/angular/data/version.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.5.8
\ No newline at end of file
+1.8.2
-- 
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