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<HTML>
<!-- $Id$ -->

<HEAD>
<TITLE>Building and Installing ACE and Its Network Services</TITLE>
<link rev=made href="mailto:schmidt@cs.wustl.edu">
</HEAD>

<BODY text = "#000000"
link="#000fff"
vlink="#ff0f0f"
bgcolor="#ffffff">

<HR>
<H3>Building and Installing ACE and Its Network Services</H3>

<H4>Synopsis</H4>

The file explains how to build and install ACE and its Network
Services on the various OS platforms and compilers that it has been
ported to.  Please consult the <A HREF="ChangeLog">ChangeLog</A> file
to see whether any recent changes to the release will affect your
code.  You also might want to read the ACE <A
HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE.FAQ.html">FAQ</A> before
building and installing ACE.  In addition, you might want to check out
our <A
HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE-development4.ps.gz">development
process</A>, as well.<P>

<H4>Document Index</H4>

<UL>
  <LI><A HREF="#platforms">Supported Platforms and C++ Compilers</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#installnotes">Installation Notes for Supported Platforms</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#g++">Compiling ACE with GNU g++</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#egcs">Compiling ACE with egcs</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#aceinstall">Building and Installing ACE</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#svcsinstall">Building and Installing ACE Network Services</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#advanced">Advanced Topics</A>
</UL>

<P><HR><P>
<H3><A NAME="platforms">Supported Platforms and C++ Compilers</A></H3>

<!--#include virtual="/~schmidt/ACE-versions-i.html" -->

<p>The following table summarizes platforms on which ACE runs:<P>

<table width="100%" border=1>
  <tr valign=top>
    <td><b>Fully supported, i.e., continually tested and used daily</b></td>
    <td>Solaris 2.5, 2.6, and 7, Windows NT (MSVC++ 4.x, 5.0, and 6.0),
        DEC Alpha Windows NT (MSVC++ 5.0), Linux/Intel,
        Linux/Alpha, VxWorks, LynxOS, Digital UNIX 4.0,
        HP/UX, AIX
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr valign=top bgcolor="#AFAFAF">
   <td><b>Nearly fully supported, i.e., periodically tested</b></td>
   <td>Windows 95, IRIX 6.x, MVS
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr valign=top>
    <td><b>Partially supported, i.e., infrequently tested</b></td>
    <td> Windows CE, Tandem, Chorus, SCO, UnixWare, SunOS 4.x, FreeBSD, NetBSD
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr valign=top bgcolor="#AFAFAF">
    <td><b>Planned support, i.e., pending</b></td>
    <td> pSoS, </td>
  </tr>
</table>

<P>Any UNIX/POSIX/Win32 variation is a potential target platform for
ACE.  If you have <A
HREF="docs/ACE-porting.html">porting
questions</A> or have a problem compiling the ACE wrappers on the
platforms shown above please send email to either <A
HREF="news:comp.soft-sys.ace">ACE Newsgroup</A> or the <A
HREF="mailto:ace-users@cs.wustl.edu">ACE mailing list</A> and we'll
try to help you fix the problems.

<P><HR><P>
<H3><A NAME="installnotes">Installation Notes for Supported Platforms</A></H3>

<UL>
  <LI><B>Win32 (Windows NT/i386, NT/Alpha and Windows '95) </B><P>

      All of ACE has been ported to the Win32 API (which includes Windows NT
      and Windows '95).  The entire release now compiles using the Microsoft
      Visual C++ 4.x, 5.0, and 6.0 compilers (the 2.0 compiler may also work,
      but we haven't tested it recently).  ACE can be built as both a static and
      dynamic library, using the Win32 installation process described
      below.<P>

      Please see the <A HREF="#Non-static Object Manager">Non-static
      ACE_Object_Manager</A> discussion below.<p>

  <li><b>Windows CE</b><p>

      Most of ACE has been ported to Windows CE using Visual C++ 5.0 with CE
      Toolkit.  ACE has been tested on x86 Emulator and an HP 360LX
      with an SH series CPU.  Please be sure to read this file (<a
      href="docs/CE-status.txt">CE-status.txt</a>) for
      up-to-date information about ACE on CE.  ACE can only be built as
      DLL library now.<p>

  <LI><B> Sun OS 5.x/4.x (a.k.a. Solaris 2.x/1.x, Solaris 7) using Sun
      CC 3.0.1, Sun C++ 4.2 and 5.x, Centerline C++ 2.x, and
      GNU gcc 2.7.x and later (except 2.8.x).</B><P>

      All the source code and tests should build and run without
      any problems on Solaris 2.5.1, 2.6 and 7 platforms using the
      Sun C++ compiler.  We use this version/patchlevel of
      Sun C++:<p>
      <pre>
      CC: WorkShop Compilers 4.2 21 Apr 1997 C++ 4.2 patch 104631-02
      </pre><p>

      There are likely to be build problems with older versions or
      different patchlevels of Sun C++.<p>

      Thanks to Susan Liebeskind &lt;shl@janis.gtri.gatech.edu&gt;
      for providing the following useful information:<p>

      The home page for Sun technical patches is
      <a href="http://access1.sun.com">http://access1.sun.com</a>.
      Searching for 104631 will bring you to a page allowing you to access
      the latest version of the C++ 4.2 patches.<p>

      By default, ACE uses both the Solaris and POSIX thread interface.
      To disable use of the Solaris thread interface, add
      <code>-D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS</code> to the <code>CFLAGS</code>
      in your
      <code>ACE_wrappers/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>.
      See the Solaris Intro (3) man page for more information.<p>

      To disable ACE thread support completely, build with the
      <code>threads=0</code> make flag.  See the <a href="#flags">Makefile
      Flags</a> section below for more information on make flags.<p>

      If you use g++ or egcs on Solaris 7, you might need to rebuild
      it on a SunOS 5.7 (Solaris 7) host.  Some versions of g++ and egcs
      provide replacements for system header files.  The replacements on
      older SunOS systems are not compatible with the SunOS 5.7 system
      headers.  See <a
      href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~levine/Hints.html">David Levine's
      Hints page</a>
      for instructions on how to build egcs on a SunOS 5.7 host, using
      a g++ or egcs that was built on an older SunOS host.<p>

  <LI><B> Sun OS 4.1.x using Centerline C++ 2.x, Sun CC 3.x, and Lucid
      Energize 3.2. </B> <P>

      Note that shared libraries do not interact very well with
      Centerline C++ or Sun C++ on SunOS 4.1.x.  This is due to
      odd behavior of the SunOS 4.1.x linker, which (1) does not
      properly call constructors of global objects within shared
      libraries and (2) does not call the init() and fini()
      functions in shared libraries, even though the manual claims
      that these functions are called!  In particular, this means
      that the tests in the directory
      $(ACE_ROOT)/tests/Service_Configurator/IPC-tests/server/
      will not work for statically linked services.<P>

      Some versions of SunOS 4.1.x do not contain the
      /usr/lib/libnsl.a library.  This library seems to be
      optional since System V Transport Layer Interface (TLI)
      support is optional on SunOS 4.1.x (in contrast, it's the
      "preferred" transport interface on Solaris).<P>

      The best work-around for now is probably to either add a
      dummy libnsl.a in /lib (which may not be feasible) or simply
      comment out the line:<P>

      LIBS += -lnsl<P>

      in the <CODE>$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/wrapper_macros.GNU</CODE>
      file.  Naturally, any programs, e.g., the TLI_SAP tests,
      that use the TLI wrappers aren't going to work!<P>

      Note that on SunOS 4.x you may get warnings from the linker
      that "archive has no table of contents; add one using
      ranlib(1)" for certain libraries, e.g., libASX.a,
      libThreads.a, and libSPIPE.a.  This occurs since SunOS 4.x
      does not support these features.<P>

  <LI><B>AIX</B><P>

      The ACE port to AIX assumes that the user has installed the
      AIX patch containing the dl*() APIs.  To use these APIs, IBM
      has created a separate product (free to AIX licensees)
      called shared library hookable symbols (or slhs/6000).  If
      you don't have this patch, the sv* commands for compiling
      and linking will not be present on the system.<P>

      If you are using AIX 4.2.1 or later, this patch isn't needed;
      the dynamic library APIs are included in the base operating
      system.<p>

      However, another patch may be needed.  Thanks to
      Susan Liebeskind &lt;shl@janis.gtri.gatech.edu&gt; for submitting
      the following useful information:<p>

      When building on AIX 4.2.1, using the xlC V3.1 compilers, you may
      get the following error when building the ACE shared library.<p>
      <pre>
makeC++SharedLib_r -p 0 -o libACE.so  -bI:/lib/pse.exp  -L/usr/local/src/ACE_wra
ppers/ace -L./ -ltli_r -ldl libACE.a
ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .__CurrentException
ld: 0711-345 Use the -bloadmap or -bnoquiet option to obtain more information.
make: *** [libACE.so] Error 8
      </pre>

      To fix this error, you need a patch to the supporting xlC related
      libraries.  To obtain this patch, go to the
      <a href="http://service.software.ibm.com/support/rs6000">IBM
      public patch website</a>, and retrieve the patch
      PTF U453697, or its successor, for xlC.<p>

      You may wish to retrieve this patch with the fixdist tool, also
      available at the website.  Installation of this patch will install
      patched versions of the C++ libraries, which correctly define this
      symbol.<p>

      BTW, here's a technique from Rob Jordan &lt<A
      HREF="mailto:jordan@hursley.ibm.com">jordan@hursley.ibm.com</A>&gt
      that can reduce the size of the ACE libraries by
      about one third, and can also be applied to applications.  It works
      by optimising the sharing of template functions, which are created in an
      ``unusual'' way under AIX. It also speeds up compilation.<P>

      Here's how to optimise the ACE library generation:<P>

      Look at the <A
      HREF="ace/Makefile">Makefile</a>
      in <CODE>$ACE_ROOT/ace</CODE>. Create a file called
      <CODE>ACE_All_Src.cpp</CODE>, and add a line to #include
      each of the source files
      listed under <CODE>FILES=</CODE> in the Makefile. Create a
      file called <CODE>ACE_All_Tmp.h</CODE>
      and add a line to #include each of the .h files listed under
      <CODE>TEMPLATE_FILES=</CODE> in the Makefile. Now update the Makefile so that
      <CODE>FILES=ACE_All_Src</CODE> and <CODE>TEMPLATE_FILES=ACE_All_Tmp</CODE>.<P>

  <LI><B>Linux</B><P>

      ACE has been ported to <A
      HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~cleeland/ace/">Linux</A> on both Intel
      and Alpha platforms.  If you use a RedHat 5.x distribution, it's best
      to use RedHat 5.1 or later.  ACE works without any modifications on
      RedHat 5.1, 5.2 and on Debian 2.1 on both Intel and Alpha; use the
      <code>include/makeinclude/platform_linux_lxpthreads.GNU</code>
      and <code>ace/config-linux-lxpthreads.h</code> platform/config
      files.<p>

      The glibc 2.0 dynamic loader isn't thread safe. If you want to use the
      Invocation API you'll have to set <code>LD_BIND_NOW=true</code>. If you
      want to use <code>dlopen</code>, you should use <code>RTLD_NOW</code>.
      The dynamic loader in glibc 2.1 is thread safe.<p>

      The ACE <code>Tokens_Test</code> hangs with egcs 1.1b on   Linux.  It
      runs properly when built with egcs 1.0.2, egcs 1.0.3 and egcs 1.1.1.
      All other ACE tests run properly with these egcs versions.<p>

      <strong>NOTE:</strong> The TAO NameService uses IP multicasting
      by default, though it is not required.  IP multicast on Linux
      requires the following:<p>
      <ul>
        <li>Enable IP multicast in the Linux kernel.  It is enabled in
            the default RedHat 5.1 kernel.  In older distributions, you
            can enable it by rebuilding your kernel with CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST
            enabled.<p>
        <li>Enable IP multicast in ACE.  It is enabled by default in
            <code>ace/config-linux-common.h</code>.  If you don't use
            IP multicast, add <code>#define ACE_HAS_IP_MULTICAST 0</code>
            to your <code>ace/config.h</code> before building ACE.<p>
        <li>There must be a network interface that is up and supports
            multicast.  If you have linuxconf, it's easiest to use that
            to add a network route for multicast (224.0.0.0) on one of
            your network interfaces, such as <code>eth0</code>.  If
            you don't have or use linuxconf, try adding a multicast
            routing table entry using something like this:<p>
            <pre>
             <code># route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0</code>
            </pre><p>
      </ul>

      With RedHat 5.0, you'll need some
      <a href="os-patches/linux-patches.html">updates and possibly some
      patches</a> to get ACE working with LinuxThreads.  Some of the patches
      are necessary with Alpha CPUs and with some older kernels.  egcs 1.0.1
      can also be used, but it may need patches, described there, as well.<p>

      <strong>NOTE:</strong> Be careful when installing egcs on RedHat
      systems.  If you don't remove your old gcc and libg++ RPMs, it's best
      to install egcs in a different directory than <code>/usr</code>, such as
      <code>/usr/local</code>, and set your <code>PATH</code> and
      <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> accordingly.<p>

      Some of the ACE tests fail on older, pre-glibc2 Linux platforms,
      such as RedHat 4.2.  The problems are with threads and thread-specific
      storage.<p>

  <LI><B>SCO UNIX</B><P>

      ACE has been ported to SCO UNIX using the GNU g++ 2.7.2 compiler.
      Arturo Montes &lt<A
      HREF="mailto:mitosys@colomsat.net.co">mitosys@colomsat.net.co</A>&gt
      maintains this code.  In addition, he also maintains a version of <A
      HREF="FSU-threads.ps.gz">FSU
      pthreads</A>.<P>

  <LI><B>SGI IRIX 5.x and 6.x</B><P>

      ACE used to build fine using the SGI C++ and GNU GCC compilers for
      IRIX 5.x.
      It has been ported to IRIX 6.x using the SGI MipsPro 7.1 C++
      compiler;
      be aware that in IRIX 6.2 there is a number of patches that
      have to be installed and exceptions appear to fail with the
      O32 ABI.
      Please check the config files for the details.<P>

  <LI><B> HP-UX 9.x, 10.x, and 11.00 </B> <P>

      HP sells 2 C++ compilers for HP-UX 10.x and 11.00.  If you are using 9.x,
      there's only the first one.
      <UL>
        <LI>HP C++ - this is CC, HP's cfront-based compiler.  As of ACE 4.4, it
            can be used, but some people have problems with templates.
            Caveat emptor.  It's been said that you should run version 10.24,
            if not later.

        <LI>HP aC++ - this is aCC, HP's new, ANSI-to-be compiler.  It handles ACE
            pretty well.  You should use version A.01.12 on HP-UX 10.x and
            version A.03.05 on HP-UX 11.00.  Also see further notes on
            this platform at Riverace's
            <A HREF="http://www.riverace.com/ACE/hints_hpux.html">HP-UX Hints</A>
            page.

      </UL>
      <P>

  <LI><B>OSF/1 3.2 and 4.0 (a.k.a. Digital UNIX 4.0)</B> <P>

      The Digital UNIX C++ 5.4 through 5.7 compilers have problems
      with ACE's templates.  They compile the lib and most of the test
      programs, although they warn about template usage.  Most tests
      run, some dump core.  If you use a 5.x version of cxx, be sure to
      set the CXX_VER variable to CXX_5, either on your make command
      line or in an environment variable.  The ACE Makefiles assume by
      default that the cxx version is 6.x or later.<P>

      CXX 6.0 and 6.1 are much improved over 5.x:  V6.0-020, V6.1-025,
      and later build all of ACE cleanly.  All of the tests in
      ACE_wrappers/tests run successfully with CXX 6.0 and CXX 6.1.
      Please note that problems have been reported with some versions of
      CXX 6.1, notably versions -021 and earlier.  It's best to use
      V6.1-022 or later.<p>

      GNU gcc 2.7.2.1 compiles without problems. All tests run (besides
      minor problems).  Thanks to Thilo Kielmann &lt<A
      HREF="mailto:kielmann@informatik.uni-siegen.de">
      kielmann@informatik.uni-siegen.de</A>&gt and David Trumble &lt<A
      HREF="mailto:trumble@cvg.enet.dec.com">trumble@cvg.enet.dec.com</A>&gt
      for help with this port.<P>

  <li><b> FreeBSD </b><p>

      FreeBSD is a fast evolving platform.  However, it has the
      advantage of having standard releases.  At this moment, ACE
      supports both -stable (2.2.x) and -current (3.0).  Threaded version of ACE is
      only supported on -current.  It might just work for -stable but
      we never tried that.  <p>

      Notice that on FreeBSD, <code>ld.so</code> only looks for so
      libraries with <b>version number</b> appended.  ACE makefiles
      create symlink for most libraries they generate to
      <code>$ACE_ROOT/ace</code> with appropriate ACE version.
      However, this does not work for libACE.so itself so you have to
      create it manually (If you figure out how to do this, please
      let us know) like this: <p>

      <code>ln -sf $ACE_ROOT/ace/libACE.so $ACE_ROOT/ace/libACE.so.4.5</code><p>

  <li><b>NetBSD</b><p>

      Like FreeBSD, NetBSD's <code>ld.so</code> also requires
      versioned .so files.<p>

  <LI><B> UnixWare </B> <P>

      Steve Huston &lt<A HREF="mailto:shuston@riverace.com">shuston@riverace.com</A>&gt
      has ported ACE to work with UnixWare 2.01 and g++.<P>

      Ganesh Pai &lt<A HREF="mailto:gpai@voicetek.com">gpai@voicetek.com</A>&gt
      subsequently did the port for version 2.1.2, also with g++.<P>

  <LI><B>Chorus</B> <P>

      Wei Chiang &lt<A HREF="mailto:chiang@tele.nokia.fi">chiang@tele.nokia.fi</A>&gt
      has ported ACE to Chorus 3.1 using GNU g++ 2.7.2.<P>

  <LI><B>LynxOS</B> <P>

      ACE builds and runs properly on LynxOS 3.0.0 for Intel targets.
      Some of the ACE tests fail; they are disabled in
      <code>ACE_wrappers/tests/run_tests.sh</code>.<p>

      ACE builds cleanly on LynxOS 3.0.0 for PowerPC targets.  For
      the most part, it runs properly.  But, there appears to be
      a problem with registering signal handlers.  So, some of the
      ACE tests seg fault when attempting to do that.<p>

      Please see the comments in the
      <a href="include/makeinclude/platform_lynxos.GNU">ACE
      platform_lynxos.GNU file</a> for information on, and an
      example of, tailoring for your particular platform.<p>

      We actively maintain ACE on LynxOS 3.0.0.  It should build and
      run on LynxOS 2.5, but we no longer test on that OS version.<p>

      NOTE: if you want to use IP multicast on LynxOS, be sure to add
      this line to your <code>/net/rc.network</code>, and reboot:<p>
      <pre><code>
        /bin/route add "224.0.0.0" "$my_name"
      </code></pre>

      Dave Mayerhoefer &lt<A HREF="mailto:davem@lynx.com">davem@lynx.com</A>&gt
      has ported ACE to LynxOS 2.5 using GNU g++ 2.7.2.  However, you may need
      to apply some <A HREF="os-patches/lynxos-patches.html">patches
      to LynxOS</A> to get ACE working.<P>

  <LI><STRONG>VxWorks</STRONG><P>

      <A HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~levine/">David Levine</A> &lt<A
      HREF="mailto:levine@cs.wustl.edu">levine@cs.wustl.edu</A>&gt has
      ported ACE to VxWorks 5.2/5.3/5.3.1 with the GreenHills 1.8.8
      and g++ 2.7.2 compilers.<P>

      In addition to all of the other benefits of ACE, it helps
      work around some deficiencies with VxWorks 5.3/5.3.1.
      Some of these apply only with g++, at least thru version 2.7.2.
      That is the version that is shipped with Tornado 1.0.1/
      VxWorks 5.3.1.  The problems are:<P>
      <OL>
        <LI>The program entry point cannot be called ``main'' with g++.  ACE
            renames it to ``ace_main'' (configurable via ACE_MAIN) on VxWorks.
            While this may seem trivial, it is important with legacy code.
            ACE itself ran into this problem.<P>

        <LI>argc/argv isn't used with VxWorks entry points.  ACE provides
            a wrapper function that transparently converts shell command
            line arguments to argc/argv form.  See <A HREF="#spa">below</a>
            for details.<P>

        <LI>Unsigned long long support is not available with the g++ that
            is distributed with Tornado 1.0.1/VxWorks 5.3.1, or with
            GreenHills 1.8.8.  The documentation says that it is supported
            by g++, but try using it :-)   Wind River technical support verified
            that it doesn't work.  ACE provides its own 64-bit unsigned integer
            type, ACE_hrtime_t, so you don't even have to worry about this
            problem if you use it.<P>

        <LI>There a gory problem with munch that is severely aggravated
            by the presence of a static in the Wind River/g++ iostream.h.
            ACE hides this and provides an easy-to-use workaround in the
            very unlikely situation where it becomes a problem.
            Please see ace/config-vxworks5.2-g++.h for more information.<P>
      </OL>
      In addition, as noted <A HREF="#g++">below</A> following the
      discussion of the g++ -fno-implicit-templates option,
      -fno-implicit-templates is broken.  And, -O2 is not supported on some
      targets.<P>

      Please note that ACE uses one of the spare fields in
      the Wind River task control block, spare4, for thread-
      specific storage.  This field is specified in only one
      place, in ace/OS.i, so it can easily be changed to one
      of the other spare fields, if necessary.<P>

      Versions of ACE from 4.3.3 and beyond destroy dynamically
      allocated singletons in the ACE library.  But, they may not
      properly destroy some static objects.  If you have trouble
      running a program multiple times, it may be necessary to
      unload the module, using unld, and reload it between runs.
      Alternatively, you could try calling <code>cplusDtors</code>
      and then <code>cplusCtors</code> between runs.<P>

  <LI><B>MVS OpenEdition</B> <P>

      All of ACE has been ported to OpenEdition by Chuck Gehr &lt<A
      HREF="mailto:gehr@sweng.stortek.com">gehr@sweng.stortek.com</A>&gt.
      The ACE library, all the tests and most of the examples and apps build
      clean.  There are still some problems that need to be ironed out:<P>

      MVS does not support the dynamic linking dl...() calls that the Service
      Configurator uses to dynamically link services at run time. As a result, all
      the examples and apps that use a svc.conf file (for dynamically configuring
      service objects) do not work, however, most of these apps can be built/run
      statically.  Also, the Svc_Conf_l.cpp and Svc_Conf_y.cpp files are generated
      using flex and yacc on a ascii (not ebcdic) machine and as a result they don't
      work very well with ebcdic svc.conf files.  We should be able to regenerate
      these files on MVS but MVS doesn't have flex.  This is something that needs
      to be done.<P>

      Some of the tests do not execute properly.  This is a minority and over time
      the goal is to get to 100%.<P>

      The make scheme for some of the apps still doesn't work perfectly on MVS.
      This is mainly due to the way shared libraries are handled on MVS.  See
      <A HREF="#mvs">additional build tips for MVS</A> for more on
      this.<P>
</UL>

<HR>
<H4><A NAME="g++">Compiling ACE with GNU g++</A></H4>

If you use the GNU GCC g++ compiler please note the following:

<UL>
  <li>If you have problems building shared libraries with egcs 1.1 or 1.1.1
      on SunOS 2.5 or 2.5.1 that look like this:
      <pre>
	/usr/ccs/lib/libgen.a(reg_compile.o): In function `_get_vars_storage':
	reg_compile.o(.text+0x30): relocation truncated to fit: R_SPARC_GOT13 free
      </pre>
      the suggested workaround is to comment out the <code>ACE_HAS_REGEX</code>
      <code>#define</code> in <code>ace/config-sunos5.5.h</code>.
      Or better, create an <code>ace/config.h</code> that looks like:
      <pre>
      #ifndef ACE_CONFIG_H
      // ACE_CONFIG_H is defined by the following #included header.

      #include "ace/config-sunos5.5.h"

      #undef ACE_HAS_REGEX

      #endif /* ACE_CONFIG_H */
      </pre>
      We don't know what causes the link problem, though the
      workaround solves it.<p>

  <li>With g++ 2.8.0, an internal compiler error is raised when
      trying to compile ACE_Map_Manager instantiations.  One workaround
      is to disable optimization.  The easiest way to do that is:

      <pre><code>% make optimize=0</code></pre>

      Or, you can edit your include/makeinclude/platform_sunos5_g++.GNU,
      and comment out the <code>OCFLAGS</code> line.<P>

  <li>ACE/TAO don't seem to build well with g++ 2.8.1.  We routinely
      use g++ 2.7.2.3, egcs 1.0.2, and egcs 1.0.3, and recommend those
      versions.  egcs 1.1.1 is reported to be OK, as well.<p>

  <LI>Earlier (prior to 2.7.2) versions of g++ may not compile
      certain parts of ACE correctly due to compiler bugs.  Please
      upgrade to g++ 2.7.2 or greater.<P>

  <LI>Make sure to update your gcc <code>config.status</code>
      file.  This file is produced when installing gcc; it specifies
      where to install the binary files that gcc uses.  For example,
      it specifies whether to use Solaris's
      <code>/usr/ccs/bin</code> binary utils or GNU binary
      utils.  The <code>config.status</code> file is an output of
      the gcc <code>configure</code> script; it is preferable to use
      the <code>--prefix</code> option to <code>configure</code> instead
      of hacking its output.<P>

  <LI>If you are getting weird link errors when building libACE
      on Solaris you are probably using the GNU linker.  Try using
      the Sun linker (/usr/ccs/bin/ld) instead.  Note that gcc
      first looks for the GNU linker if it is installed along
      with gcc.  The only way to not use the GNU linker is to
      delete it from the installation or to build your own
      compiler with no linker.  Be aware that you still need the
      libraries and includes of gcc.<P>

      NOTE: if you do use the GNU linker, you might need to change
      the <code>-G</code> flag to <code>-shared</code> in
      the <code>SOFLAGS</code> definition in your
      <code>include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>.<p>

  <LI>Don't get too confused about contradictory statements in
      the gcc documentation. It was written by different
      people...<P>

  <LI>Make sure that the linker invoked by gcc produces code
      that initializes static objects.  Please see gcc's
      documentation for using <CODE>collect2</CODE>.<P>

  <LI>By default, gcc (thru version 2.7.2, at least) uses
      implicit template instantiation.  Besides wasting space,
      this breaks the use of ACE_Singleton:  instead of one
      singleton instance, there could be one instance per object
      (.o) file that "sees" the template.  Therefore, we have
      overridden this default in ACE by enabling the
      -fno-implicit-templates option to CCFLAGS in all
      include/makeinclude/platform_*.GNU files that set CXX to g++.<P>

  <LI>The disadvantage of this approach is that you must
      add template specializations for all templates that your
      application uses to your own code.  (The ACE libraries are
      self-contained:  you don't need to add the templates that
      they use internally.)  Examples of template specializations
      occur in quite a few ACE .cpp files; see the end of
      <A HREF="apps/Gateway/Gateway/Connection_Handler.cpp">apps/Gateway/Gateway/Connection_Handler.cpp</A> for one example.
      An easy way to figure out what template instantiations are
      need is to try to build your executable and pipe the output
      through c++filt.  The linker will report the missing
      instantiations as undefined symbols.  Iteration may be
      necessary, if the template instantiations themselves reference
      other templates.<P>

  <LI>Alternatively, you could apply the
      <a href="ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/g++/">Cygnus template repository
      patches</a> and use the -frepo option instead of
      -fno-implicit-templates.  ACE readily this option for
      application code:  to enable it just add <code>repo=1</code>
      to your <code>make</code> invocation, or to your
      <code>include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>.  ACE
      still uses explicit template instantiation for building its
      libraries to help avoid link conflicts.  Please see the g++
      FAQ and gcc manual for more information on the -frepo option.<p>

  <li>The implementation of templates for g++ version 2.8
      eliminates the restriction against static data members
      in template classes.<p>

  <li>A final alternative is to
      remove the <code>-fno-implicit-templates</code> option from the
      CCFLAGS macro in your include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU, and
      thereby use the default g++ implicit template instantiation.<P>

  <LI>Thanks to Thilo Kielmann &lt<A
      HREF="mailto:kielmann@informatik.uni-siegen.de">
      kielmann@informatik.uni-siegen.de</A>&gt;
      for reporting the problem with ACE_Singleton on g++, and
      for helping to find and implement these solutions.<P>

  <LI>On VxWorks only, g++ (thru version 2.7.2, at least, distributed
      with Tornado 1.0.1/VxWorks 5.3.1), -fno-implicit-templates is
      broken.  In addition, -O2 is not supported on some targets.<P>
</UL>


<P><HR>
<H4><A NAME="egcs">Compiling ACE with egcs</A></H4>
<ul>
  <li>ACE transparently supports egcs, for the most part.  Please see
      <a href="#g++">Compiling ACE with g++</a> in this document.  And,
      please use the appropriate g++ config and platform files for the OS on
      which you will use egcs.<p>

  <li><strong><blink><font color="#ff0000">WARNING:</font></blink></strong>
      The default behavior of the ACE Makefiles is to add
      <code>-fno-exceptions</code> to egcs (and g++ starting with version
      2.8.0) invocations.  This disables exception handling support.  On
      Solaris/sparc and Linux/alpha, it results in a 25 percent reduction
      in the size of libACE.so.  To enable exception handling, add
      <code>exceptions=1</code> to your <code>make</code> command line
      invocation, or to your
      <code>$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>.<p>

  <li>egcs may have trouble linking some executables, such as the ACE
      IOStream_Test, if its static libraries are used.  Though
      <a href="mailto:trose@bridgewatersys.com">Tim Rose</a> reports
      that egcs 1.1.1 static libraries work just fine on Solaris 2.6
      with  patches: 105181-12, 105568-13, 105210-19, 105591-05, 105395-04,
      and 105490-07.<p>

      If you need or want to use egcs' shared libraries, build it
      with the <code>--enable-shared</code> egcs config option.  Be
      sure to set your <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> environment variable,
      if necessary, to pick up those shared libraries.<p>

  <li>On DEC Alpha, egcs through version 1.03a, at least, may fail
      to build ACE if debugging (-g) is enabled.  The fix is to
      edit the egcs gcc/mips-file.c file, at line 976, and change
      <code>PAGE_SIZE</code> to 8192.  Then rebuild ACE.  Thanks to
      <a href="mailto:gpai@voicetek.com">Ganesh Pai</a> for this
      information.<p>
</ul>


<P><HR>
<H3><A NAME="aceinstall">Building and Installing ACE</A></H3>

The following explains how to build the ACE on <A
HREF="#unix">UNIX</A> and <A HREF="#win32">Win32</A>.

<H4><A NAME="unix">Building and Installing ACE on UNIX</A></H4>

Building and installing ACE on UNIX is relatively simple (the <A
HREF="#win32">process</A> for Win32 is different).  Here's what you
need to do:<P>

<OL>
  <LI>Install GNU make 3.7 or greater on your system (available via
      anonymous ftp from prep.ai.mit.edu in the pub/gnu directory).
      You <EM>must</EM> use GNU make or ACE won't compile.<P>

  <LI>Add an environment variable called ACE_ROOT that contains the
      name of the root of the directory where you keep the ACE wrapper
      source tree.  The ACE recursive Makefile scheme needs this information.
      There are several ways to set the ACE_ROOT variable.  For
      instance, in my .login file I have the following entry:<P>

      <pre><code>
      % setenv ACE_ROOT /home/cs/faculty/schmidt/ACE_wrappers
      </code></pre><P>

      However, if you're building a number of versions of ACE, e.g., for
      different OS platforms or for different releases of ACE, you might use
      the following approach:

      <pre><code>
      % setenv ACE_ROOT $cwd
      </code></pre>

  <LI>Edit the $ACE_ROOT/ace/OS.h file to update things like default
      hostname and port numbers you'd like the programs in the
      $ACE_ROOT/{apps,tests} directories to use by default.  Note,
      however that you can normally skip this step because the defaults
      are typically fine for most systems. <P>

  <LI>Create a <code>$ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h</code> file that includes
      the appropriate platform/compiler-specific header configurations
      (such as <code>config-sunos5-sunc++-4.x.h</code>).  This file
      contains the #defines that
      are used throughout ACE to indicate which features your system
      supports (see the <code>$ACE_ROOT/ace/OS.h</code> file for many
      examples of how the ACE build configuration is affected by these
      macro settings).  Make sure you settings are placed
      <strong>before</strong> the inclusion of the platform-specific
      header file.<P>

      There are config files for most versions of UNIX.  If there isn't a
      version of this file that matches your platform/compiler, you'll
      need to make one.  Please send me email if you get it working so I
      can add it to the master ACE release.<P>

  <LI>Set the $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU file
      to point to the appropriate platform/compiler-specific Makefile
      configurations, e.g., platform_sunos5_sunc++.GNU.  This file
      contains the compiler and Makefile directives that are
      platform/compiler-specific<P>

  <LI>Note that since ACE builds shared libraries, you'll need to set
      LD_LIBRARY_PATH to whereever you put the binary version of the
      ACE library.  For example, you probably want to do something like
      the following<P>

      <pre><code>
      % setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ACE_ROOT/ace:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      </code></pre><P>

  <LI>When all this is done, hopefully all you'll need to do is type:<P>

      <pre><code>
      % make
      </code></pre><P>

      at the root of the ACE source tree.  This will build the ACE library,
      tests, the examples, and the sample applications.  Building the entire
      ACE release can take a long time, however.  Therefore, you might
      consider cd'ing into the $ACE_ROOT/ace/ directory and running
      <CODE>make</CODE> there to build just the ACE library.  As a sanity
      check, you might also want to build and run the automated <A
      HREF="tests/README">``one-button'' tests</A> in
      $ACE_ROOT/tests/.<P>

  <LI>If you need to regenerate the Svc_Conf_y.cpp file, you'll need to
      get <A HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/byacc.tar.gz">Berkeley
      YACC</A>.  However, you should rarely, if ever, need to do this.<P>

</OL>

<P><HR><P>
<H4><A NAME="win32">Building and Installing ACE on Win32</A></H4>

First, if you are upgrading from an older release, clean up everything
and rebuild from scratch to ensure that everything is rebuilt correctly.
<P>

ACE contains project files for Microsoft Visual C++ 4.x (*.mdp) and
5.0 with Service Pack 3, and 6.0 (*.dsw), as well as Borland C++ 5.x
(ace.ide).  <P>

There are also project group files (BPG) to compile ACE and the
one-button tests with Borland C++ Builder 3.0. This port has not
been completed yet, so basically you are on your own here. The
port was started by <A HREF="mailto:gonzo@ing.puc.cl">Gonzalo A.
Diethelm</A>, so contact him for any further directions.<P>

<EM>Note concerning MSVC 5.0 and Service Pack 3:</EM> There has been
confusion regarding MSVC 5 and its Service Pack 3.  Some ACE
users have, in the past, had problems with SP3 that were not present in SP2.
Thanks to the diligent efforts of
<A HREF="mailto:fultonb@pcnet1.ascs.aro.allied.com">Bill Fulton</A>,
the mystery appears to be solved.
The key?  (Oh, this is a good one...) It would appear that there are
actually multiple versions of SP3 in existence.  The
earlier ones have the bug, while later ones have it fixed.  The service
pack downloadable from Microsoft's web site as of June 16, 1998 works fine.
The CD containing SP3, if it has part number X03-50158 on the disc (the part
number on the jacket is probably different), also works fine.
<P>
So, if you are experiencing problems with SP3, get a newer one - it'll
probably work.  Sheesh...
<P>
Note, however, that regardless of the version of SP3,
there are some STL bugs in SP3 which you should get corrected.  Please see
<A HREF="http://www.dinkumware.com/vc_fixes.html">
http://www.dinkumware.com/vc_fixes.html</A> for details.
Thank you to <A HREF="mailto:ben@jetpen.com">Ben Eng</A> for the pointer to
the STL fixes.

<OL>
  <LI>Uncompress the ACE distribution into a directory, where it will create a
      ACE_wrappers directory containing the distribution.  The ACE_wrappers
      directory will be referred to as ACE_ROOT in the following steps -- so
      ACE_ROOT\ace would be C:\ACE_wrappers\ace if you uncompressed into the
      root directory.<BR>
      <BR>
  <LI>Create a file called <code>config.h</code> in the ACE_ROOT\ace
      directory that contains: <BR>
      <BR>
      <CODE>#include "ace/config-win32.h"</CODE><BR>
      <BR>
  <LI>Now load up the project file for ACE (ACE_ROOT\ace\ACE_Library.mdp or
      ACE_ROOT\ace\ace.dsw). <BR><BR>
  <LI>Each project will contain 8 different configurations.  These
      are a mixture of Debug/Release, Unicode/non-Unicode, and
      Static/Dynamic library versions for both i386 and Alpha machines.
      <STRONG>Note:</STRONG> If you
      use the dynamic libraries, make sure you include ACE_ROOT\bin
      in your PATH whenever you run programs that use ACE.<BR><BR>
  <LI>If you are building for Windows NT then you can start building
      now.  If you are building on Windows 95, then you should add
      the line <BR>
      <BR>
      <CODE>#define ACE_HAS_WINNT4 0</CODE><BR>
      <BR>
      before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h and it
      will turn off Windows NT 4 specific code.<BR>
      <BR>
  <li>If you want to use the standard C++ headers (iostream, cstdio, ...
      as defined by the C++ Standard Draft 2) that comes with MSVC 5,
      then add the line <BR>
      <BR>
      <CODE>#define ACE_HAS_STANDARD_CPP_LIBRARY 1</CODE><BR>
      <BR>
      before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h.<BR>
      <br>
  <li>If ACE will be used with MFC programs, also add the following to
      your <code>config.h</code> file.  Notice that if you want to
      spawn a new thread with CWinThread, make sure you spawn the
      thread with THR_USE_AFX flag set.<br>
      <br>
      <code>#define ACE_HAS_MFC 1</code><br>
      <br>
      By default, all ACE examples use DLL version of run-time libraries
      regardless you are building  DLL or static version of ACE.  You
      can still choose to link ACE statically or dynamically
      regardless of run-time libraries.  The reason of choosing to
      link run-time library dynamically is almost every NT box has
      these library installed and to save disk space. If
      you prefer to link MFC as a static library into ACE, you can do
      this by defining <code>ACE_USES_STATIC_MFC</code> in your
      <code>config.h</code> file.  If you insist on linking everything
      statically, you'll have to modify the project file yourself.<br>
      <br>
  <li>If you are building for Windows CE, you need to add the line <BR>
      <br>
      <code>#define ACE_HAS_WINCE</code>
      <br>
      before including &lt;ace/config-win32.h&gt;.  Notice that CE uses a
      different set of dsw/dsp files.<br> <br>

  <li>The default project files which build ACE library have various
      configurations to build dynamic/static, with or without Unicode
      support.  Although we recommend using the dynamic library, if,
      for some reasons, you would rather work with static library,
      you'll need to add the line <BR>
      <BR>
      <CODE>#define ACE_HAS_DLL 0</CODE><BR>
      <BR>
      before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h.
      Optionally but highly recommended, you can also add the line <BR>
      <BR>
      <CODE>#define __ACE_INLINE__ 0</CODE><BR>
      <BR>
      before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h to disable
      inline function and reduce the size of static libraries (and your
      executables.)  Notice that you need to use DLL version of
      run-time libraries even you are using ACE as a static library.
      That's the default behavior.<BR><BR>
</Ol>

<B>ACE TESTS</B><P>

The tests are located in ACE_ROOT\tests.  There are two corresponding
project files in that directory also (tests.mdp and tests.dsp).<P>

Once you build all the tests (Batch Build works well for this), you
can run the batch file <a
href="tests/run_tests.bat"><code>run_tests.bat</code></a> in the
<code>tests</code> directory to try all the tests.<p>

<B> BUILDING ACE ON A WIN32 MACHINE THAT LACKS A NETWORK CARD </B><P>

You may want to run ACE on a non-networked machine. To do so, you must
install TCP/IP and configure it to ignore the absence of a network
card.  This is one method:<P>

<OL>
  <LI>Run Control Panel
  <LI>Choose Network from Control Panel
  <LI>Add Adapter: MS Loopback Adapter
  <LI>Configure MS Loopback Adapter with 802.3 (default)
  <LI>Add Protocol: TCP/IP Protocol
  <LI>Configure TCP/IP Protocol with a valid IP address and subnet mask.
      Leave everything else at the default settings.
  <LI>Add Service: Workstation
  <LI>Exit and Restart System
  <LI>Run Control Panel again
  <LI>Choose Services from Control Panel
  <LI>The following services are not necessary and may
      be set to Disabled Startup: <BR>
      Alerter<BR>
      Computer Browser<BR>
      Net logon<BR>
      Messanger<BR>
  <LI>Choose Network from Control Panel
  <LI>Confirm the following setup. This is all you need to run ACE:<BR>
      Installed Software:<BR>
      Computer Browser<BR>
      MS Loopback Adapter Driver<BR>
      TCP/IP Protocol<BR>
      Workstation<BR>
      Installed Adapter Cards:<BR>
      MS Loopback Adapter<P>
</OL>

<B>NT ALPHA CONFIGURATIONS</B>

<P>Many project files already contain Alpha NT configurations, but others do
not (requiring them to be added).  Also, since most of the development happens
on x86, problems building ACE on Alpha NT can often be fixed by recreating the
configurations from the x86 versions.</P>

<P>Here are the steps to add an Alpha Configuration.</P>

<OL>
  <LI>Load the project on the Alpha machine.
  <LI>Go to the Build menu and then Configurations.
  <LI>Select the project that you want to convert.
  <LI>Click on Add.
  <LI>Select the x86 configuration to &quot;Copy settings from&quot;
      (either Debug or Release versions).
  <LI>Prepend &quot;Alpha &quot; to the beginning of the name under
      &quot;Configuration&quot;.
  <LI>Click OK.
  <LI>Close the &quot;Configurations&quot; window.
  <LI>Now go to the Project settings.
  <LI>For the General Settings, change the output directories to standard ACE
      output directores. Intermediate Directories are &quot;Debug&quot; and
          &quot;Release&quot; in most cases.  The Output Directories are blank,
          except for Release versions of executables, in which it is also
          &quot;Release&quot;.
  <LI>For the C/C++ Settings, make sure that the Code Generation's runtime
      library is set to &quot;Multithreaded DLL&quot; or &quot;Debug Multithreaded
          DLL&quot;.
</OL>

<P><B>Note:</B> MSVC 6 has a bug where if a .dsp is converted from version 5 to 6 on
x86, the Alpha configuration will be partially corrupted.  If this occurs, the
easiest way to fix it is as above, recreate it.</P>

<HR>
<H4><A NAME="vxworks">Building and Installing ACE on VxWorks</A></H4>
For the most part, you should be able to follow the instructions above
to build ACE and applications that use it.  Start with the
<a href="#unix">Unix instructions</a> above to build ACE and the
applications that use it.  Please see below for mroe information on
<a href="#VxWorks/NT">building ACE on NT hosts for VxWorks targets</a>.<P>

A few notes on VxWorks builds (thanks to
<a href="mailto:Paul_von_Behren@stortek.com">Paul von Behren</a>
for these notes):<p>
<UL>
  <LI>VxWorks builds are done with a cross compiler, i.e., the compiles
      are done on a workstation creating object modules which are
      downloaded and loaded into the VxWorks target system.<p>
  <LI>C++ object modules must be post-processed by a VxWorks
      utility called ``munch.''  ACE includes a perl script called
      <A
      HREF="bin/ace_ld">$ACE_ROOT/bin/ace_ld</A>,
      which is called from the Makefiles, replacing
      the traditional <code>ld</code> step.  You must have perl installed
      to use <code>ace_ld</code>.  If perl is not on your path, you'll
      have to set <code>PERL_PATH</code>, either in your
      <code>$(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>
      or in your environment.<P>
  <LI>Wind River provides GCC/G++ cross-compilers for the
      supported target platforms.  The executables are named cc&lt;target&gt;
      and g++&lt;target&gt;; for example, ccppc and g++cpp for PowerPC
      targets.<p>
</UL>

You'll have to let ACE know the target type at compile time.  There
are several ways to do this; please see the
<code>$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_vxworks5.x_g++.GNU</code>
platform file for detailed information.<P>

The VxWorks platform_vxworks*.GNU files are set up so that shared
libraries are not built on VxWorks.  Only static libraries,
with .a extension, are built.  Therefore, it's not necessary
to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable on your host
system when building for VxWorks targets.  Please note, however,
if you use TAO on VxWorks that you will need to set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH
to find the TAO IDL compiler libraries (installed in the ace directory)
on the host.<P>

With g++, $ACE_ROOT/bin/ace_ld is used to munch object files and
libraries to set up calls to static constructors and destructors.
bin/ace_ld requires perl on the host platform.<P>

These non-default VxWorks kernel configuration <code>#defines</code>
are required with ACE:<P>

<pre>
#define INCLUDE_CPLUS           /* include C++ support */
#define INCLUDE_CPLUS_IOSTREAMS /* include iostreams classes */
#define INCLUDE_POSIX_ALL       /* include all available POSIX functions */
</pre>

For completeness, here are the non-default <code>#defines</code> that
we used for VxWorks 5.3.1/g++ 2.7.2:

<pre>
#define INCLUDE_CPLUS           /* include C++ support */
#define INCLUDE_CPLUS_IOSTREAMS /* include iostreams classes */
#define INCLUDE_CONFIGURATION_5_2 /* pre-tornado tools */
#define INCLUDE_DEBUG           /* pre-tornado debugging */
#define INCLUDE_LOADER          /* object module loading */
#define INCLUDE_NET_SYM_TBL     /* load symbol table from network */
#define INCLUDE_SYM_TBL_SYNC    /* synchronize host and target symbol tables */
#define INCLUDE_NFS             /* nfs package */
#define INCLUDE_PING            /* ping() utility */
#define INCLUDE_POSIX_ALL       /* include all available POSIX functions */
#define INCLUDE_RDB             /* remote debugging package */
#define INCLUDE_RLOGIN          /* remote login */
#define INCLUDE_RPC             /* rpc package */
#define INCLUDE_SECURITY        /* shell security for network access */
#define INCLUDE_SHELL           /* interactive c-expression interpreter */
#define INCLUDE_SHOW_ROUTINES   /* show routines for system facilities*/
#define INCLUDE_SPY             /* spyLib for task monitoring */
#define INCLUDE_STARTUP_SCRIPT  /* execute start-up script */
#define INCLUDE_STAT_SYM_TBL    /* create user-readable error status */
#define INCLUDE_SYM_TBL         /* symbol table package */
#define INCLUDE_UNLOADER        /* object module unloading */
#define INCLUDE_WINDVIEW        /* WindView command server */
</pre>

If you use TAO, it's also a good idea to increase the
<code>NUM_FILES</code> parameter from its default of 50 to,
say, 1000.<p>

Please note that those VxWorks kernel configuration parameters
are set in the VxWorks configAll.h file.  You must rebuild your
VxWorks kernel after modifying that file.<p>

It probably wouldn't take much effort to modify the
ACE library to not require <code>INCLUDE_CPLUS_IOSTREAMS</code>,
if necessary.<p>

If you're first getting started with ACE and/or VxWorks, I recommend
just building the ACE library and tests first.  (Some of the ACE
examples, in System_V_IPC, don't build on VxWorks yet.)  Then try
running the tests.  Please see $ACE_ROOT/tests/README for the latest
status of the ACE tests on VxWorks.<P>

Please note that the <code>main</code> entry point is renamed to
<code>ace_main</code> (configurable via ACE_MAIN) on VxWorks with g++,
to comply with its restriction against using <code>main</code>.
In addition, ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER is enabled by default
to cleanly support construction and destruction of static objects.
Please see the <A HREF="#Non-static Object Manager">Non-static
ACE_Object_Manager</A> discussion for the important implication
of this feature.<p>

ACE threads (VxWorks tasks) can be named, for example, by supplying a
non-null argument to the Thread_Manager spawn routines.  However,
names beginning with <code>"==ace_t=="</code> are forbidden because
that prefix is used internally by ACE.<p>

You can spawn a new task to run <code>ace_main</code>, using either
VxWorks <code>sp</code>, or ACE'S <A NAME="spa"><code>spa</code></A>.
<code>spa</code> can be used from the VxWorks shell to pass arguments
to <code>ace_main</code>.  Its usage is:

<pre><code>
spa ace_main, "arg1" [, ...]
</code></pre>

All arguments must be quoted, even numbers.<p>

By default, the ACE Makefiles link the ACE library into every
executable.  If you want to run multiple ACE executables but just use
a single ACE library, it should be possible, though I haven't tried
it.  Just link the first executable to be loaded onto the target with
the ACE library, as usual.  All other executables can be linked
without the ACE library by added <code>ACELIB=</code> to the make
invocation when building them.  When they are loaded onto the target,
the should load against the symbols from the ACE library from the
first executable that was loaded.<p>

<h5><a name="VxWorks/NT">Building ACE on Tornado/NT hosts for VxWorks targets</a>.</h5>
The following, very useful information was contributed by
<a href="http://people.qualcomm.com/cryan">Chris Ryan</a>
and <a href="mailto:Paul_von_Behren@stortek.com">Paul von Behren</a>.
Please submit corrections, additions, or clarifications to the
the <a href="mailto:ace-users@cs.wustl.edu">ACE mailing list</a>.<p>

A few additional Windows Notes, from Paul von Behren:<p>
<UL>
  <LI>Cygnus has created a Win32 API which is compatible with a
      ``generic'' Unix environment.  Using this library, they have ported a
      large collection of GNU tools to WinNT/95 - including a port of
      gcc/g++.  See <A href="http://www.cygnus.com/misc/gnu-win32/">
      http://www.cygnus.com/misc/gnu-win32/</A>
      WindRiver provides a subset of these tools - including make
      and gcc cross-compilers.<p>
  <LI>To set up the command-prompt build environemnt, run
      <code>Tornado\host\x86-win32\bin\TorVars.bat</code>.  This is done
      implicitly within the Tornado IDE.<p>
  <LI>To run <code>ace_ld</code>, you still need perl installed -
      see <A href="http://www.activestate.com/software/default.htm">
      http://www.activestate.com/software/default.htm</A> for Windows
      perl.<p>
  <LI>There's a bug in the windows port of Make (or at least an
      incompatability) related to ACE Make's directory-spanning
      logic (<code>ACE_ROOT\include\makeinclude\rules.nested.GNU</code>
      (the error message says something about "dir unexpected").<p>
  <LI>But make does work in "leaf" directories (those with no
      subdirectries).  You can make the <code>ACE_ROOT\ace directory</code>
      creating the library libACE.a.  If perl is available, make also works
      in the ACE_ROOT\tests directory (ignore the final error
      attempting to run /bin/true).<p>
  <LI>The Tornado IDE will use a standard Makefile for project
      builds, but does not have a GUI interface for managing the
      Makefile.  By default, it will use rules from Makefile in the current
      directory and you can configure it to add certain Makefile
      targets to the project.  If you have <code>ACE_ROOT</code> defined
      before starting Tornado, you can specify an ACE Makefile as a Tornado
      target and Tornado will then call make from the menu.<p>
</UL>

And Chris Ryan's instructions for building for VxWorks targets
on Windows NT hosts:

<ol>
  <li>Create UNIX-like environment in NT Command Prompt windows by
      downloading GNU bash, perl, and so forth from your favorite ftp
      site. I went to <a href="ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/gnu-win32/latest/">ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/gnu-win32/latest/</a>
      and downloaded <code>cdk.exe</code> and installed that on my NT box.
      I downloaded perl5.0 from where I can't remember.  There may have been
      bits and pieces from other places for things like <code>vi</code> and
      <code>less</code>.

  <li>Download latest ACE.  Create 2 parallel trees, say
      <code>/ace/ACE_wrappers.NT</code> and
      <code>/ace/ACE_wrappers.vxworks</code>.  The NT tree is for building
      <code>aced.dll</code> and <code>tao_idl.exe</code> as currently
      documented for ACE/TAO on NT/VC++5.0. The VxWorks tree is the
      cross compilation tree.

  <li>Path setting that seems to be working is:<p>
      <pre>
      /tornado/host/x86-win32/bin:
      /tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/i386-wrs-vxworks/cygnus-2.7.2-960126:
      /tornado/host/x86-win32/i386-wrs-vxworks/bin:
      /ace/ace_wrappers/bin:
      /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin:
      /gnuwin32/b18/tcl/bin:
      /WINNT/system32:
      /WINNT:
      /WINNT/system32/nls/ENGLISH:
      /bin
      </pre>

      Other environment variables:<p>
      <pre>
      WIND_BASE=/tornado
      SHELL=/bin/sh.exe
      TERM=pcbios
      TAO_ROOT=/ace/ACE_wrappers.vxworks/TAO
      CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.EXE
      GCC_EXEC_PREFIX=/tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/
      WIND_HOST_TYPE=x86-win32
      ACE_ROOT=/ace/ACE_wrappers.vxworks
      </pre>

  <li><code>/tornado</code> is the root of the Tornado install
      (<code>$WIND_BASE</code>).

  <li><code>/gnuwin32</code> is the root of a Cygnus GNU download and install.

  <li><code>/bin</code> content is:<p>
      <pre>
      aced.dll
      cygwin.dll
      perl.exe
      rm.exe
      sh.exe
      true
      </pre>

      <code>aced.dll</code> is produced in an ACE NT source tree according to
      documented procedure for NT VC++5.0 ACE build.

      <code>cygwin.dll</code> is from the Cygnus GNU software download and install.

  <li>Basically, follow documented procedure for ACE build/install on UNIX
      platform. Create a <code>$ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h</code> that looks like:<p>
      <pre>
      #define __ACE_INLINE__ 0
      #define ACE_HAS_DLL 0
      #include "config-vxworks5.x.h"
      </pre>

      And create a <code>$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>
      that looks like:<p>
      <pre>
      WIND_BASE = /tornado
      WIND_HOST_TYPE = x86-win32
      PATH += :$(WIND_BASE)/host/$(WIND_HOST_TYPE)/bin
      CPU = I80486
      include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_NTvxworks5.x_g++.GNU
      </pre>

      (But, I guess the PATH+= line is superfluous based on the PATH as shown
      previously).

      Finally, create a
      <code>$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_NTvxworks5.x_g++.GNU</code>
      with diff output from 'diff platform_vxworks5.x_g++.GNU
      platform_NTvxworks5.x_g++.GNU' that looks like:

      <pre>
      58c58
      &lt; HOST_DIR        = $(WIND_BASE)/host/sun4-solaris2
      ---
      &gt; HOST_DIR        = $(WIND_BASE)/host/x86-win32
      62,63c62,63
      &lt; CXX             = g++$(TOOLENV)
      &lt; CFLAGS          += -DVXWORKS -D_REENTRANT -ansi -fno-builtin
      -fno-defer-pop -fvolatile -nostdinc -nostdlib -pipe -Wall
      ---
      &gt; CXX             = $(CC)
      &gt; CFLAGS          += -DVXWORKS -D_REENTRANT -ansi -fno-builtin -fno-defer-pop \
      -fvolatile -nostdinc -nostdlib -Wall #-pipe
      </pre>

  <li>Now, follow the existing documentation for a UNIX platform build of ACE
      such as:
      <pre>
      cd $ACE_ROOT/ace; make
      </pre>

  <li>To build $ACE_ROOT/tests, I had to use the <code>make.exe</code> in the
      <code>/gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin</code> directory as I couldn't get
      make shipped with Tornado to run ace_ld and I couldn't figure out any
      other work around.<p>

      <pre>
      cd $ACE_ROOT/tests; /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin/make
      </pre>

      Also, running the tests works as already documented.
</ol>

<h5>TAO on NT Tornado host, VxWorks target.</h5>

<ol>
  <li>Build ACE and TAO_IDL in the NT tree as already documented. As
      mentioned above, I put <code>aced.dll</code> in <code>/bin</code>.

  <li>Copy TAO_IDL/tao_idl.exe to TAO_IDL directory in the ACE/TAO vxworks
      source tree. (I didn't spend any time yet looking for the place where the
      makefiles are using the absolute path to tao_idl.exe.)

  <li>Build orbsvcs.
      <pre>
      CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.exe
      cd $TAO_ROOT/orbsvcs/orbsvcs
      /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin/make
      </pre>

  <li>Build $TAO_ROOT/tao
      <pre>
      CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.exe
      cd $TAO_ROOT/tao
      /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin/make
      </pre>

  <li>Build $TAO_ROOT/tests
</ol>


<HR>
<H3><A NAME="svcsinstall">Building and Installing ACE Network Services</A></H3>

The following explains how to build the ACE <A
HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE-netsvcs.html">network services</A> on <A
HREF="#unixsvcs">UNIX</A> and <A HREF="#win32svcs">Win32</A>.

<H4><A NAME="unixsvcs">Building and Installing ACE Network Services on UNIX</A></H4>

Building and installing ACE Network Services on UNIX is relatively
simple (the <A HREF="#win32svcs">process</A> for Win32 is different).
Here's what you need to do:<P>

<OL>

  <LI>Build and install ACE on UNIX as described <A
      HREF="#unix">earlier</A>.  If ACE is built at the root of the ACE
      source tree (and ACE has been ported to your platform, of course) the
      netsvcs static and shared object libraries should be built
      automatically.  In addition, the server driver program
      (<CODE>main</CODE>) contained in <A
      HREF="netsvcs/servers/main.cpp">$ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/servers/main.cpp</A>
      should also be compiled and ready to run.<P>

  <LI>Set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to where the binary
      version of the ACE netsvcs library.  For example, you probably
      want to do something like the following<P>

      <pre><code>
      % setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ACE_ROOT/ace:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      </code></pre><P>

  <LI>By default, if the shared object library is built, the services
      are linked into the <CODE>main</CODE> driver program dynamically.
      To specify which services should be linked in and executed, edit the
      <A
      HREF="netsvcs/servers/svc.conf">$ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/servers/svc.conf</A>
      file.  During your editing, you should update information (such as the
      default service port numbers) that affects the initialization of
      services in this file.  Refer to the
      <A HREF="ACE-papers.html#config">Service Configurator</A>
      documentation to learn how the configuration file is parsed and
      how the services are dynamically linked and executed.  In
      addition, refer to the <A HREF="ACE-netsvcs.html">Network
      Services</A> documentation to learn more about how to configure
      each network service.<P>

  <LI>If you only want to link the services statically, simply remove
      or rename the svc.conf file.<P>
</OL>

<H4><A NAME="win32svcs">Building and Installing ACE Network Services on Win32</A></H4>

Once again, there are supplied project for both MSVC 4.x and 5.0 for
the Network Services.<P>

If you are using MSVC 4.x, you will need to add another directory to
your global include and library paths, ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/lib.  When you
use the dynamic libraries, make sure to also include ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/lib
in your PATH.<P>

<HR><P>
<H3><A NAME="advanced">Advanced Topics</A></H3>

<UL>
  <LI><A
      HREF="docs/ACE-porting.html">Porting ACE and TAO to a New OS Platform</A>
  <LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~othman/aceconf">Using GNU's
      Autoconf with ACE</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#Non-static Object Manager">Non-static ACE_Object_Manager</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#cloning">Cloning the Source Tree</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#corba">Building CORBA Versions of ACE</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#mvs">Additional Build Tips for MVS</A>
  <LI><A HREF="#flags">Makfile Flags</A>
  <LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~levine/CVS.html">Version Control</A>
  <LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~cleeland/ace/makefile-hints.html">ACE Makefile hints</a>
</UL>

<H4><A NAME="Non-static Object Manager">Non-static
ACE_Object_Manager</A></H4> The ACE_Object_Manager can be instantiated
as a static object, can be instantiated on the stack of the main
program thread, or can be explicitly instantiated and destroyed by the
application with <code>ACE::init ()</code> and <code>ACE::fini
()</code>.  The comments in the <a href="ace/Object_Manager.h">header
file, <code>ace/Object_Manager.h</code></a> provide more detail.<P>

<strong><blink><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font></blink></strong>
Special requirements are imposed on applications if the
ACE_Object_Manager is instantiated, by ACE, on the stack of the main
thread.  This behavior is selected by defining
<code>ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER</code> in
<code>ace/config.h</code>.  Again, see the ACE Object_Manager <a
href="ace/Object_Manager.h">header file,
<code>ace/Object_Manager.h</code></a> for more information.  One of
these requirements is discussed here, because it is so important.
Please note that <code>ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER</code> is
defined in the distributed ACE <code>config.h</code> headers for
VxWorks and Win32.<p>

The important requirement is that the program <strong>must</strong>
declare its <code>main</code> function with two arguments, even if
they're not used, and with <code>int</code> return type:

<pre><code>
int
main (int, char *[])
</code></pre>

If you don't declare <code>main</code> <strong>exactly</strong> that
way, then you'll see a link error about <code>ace_main_i</code> being
undefined.<p>

Alternatively, this feature can be disabled by commenting out the
#define ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER in the
<code>ace/config.h</code>.  But, that will make repeated testing more
difficult on VxWorks.  And, you'd either have to call static
constructors and destructors manually or unload/load the program
between runs.  On Win32, disabling the feature can possibly lead to
shutdown difficulties.<p>

<strong><blink><font color="#ff0000">WARNING:</font></blink></strong>
<code>ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER</code> assumes that your
<code>main</code> function is named <code>main</code>.  Any violation
of this assumption is at your peril.  If you really need to call your
entry point something other than <code>main</code>, you'll need to
construct and destroy the ACE_Object_Manager.  The best way to do that
is to call <code>ACE::init ()</code> and <code>ACE::fini ()</code>.
Or, see the <code>#define</code> of <code>main (int, char *[])</code>
in <a href="ace/OS.h"><code>ace/OS.h</code></a> to see how ACE does
that for entry points named <code>main</code>.<p>

<H4><A NAME="cloning">Cloning the Source Tree</A></H4>

On UNIX platforms, I typically like to support multiple platform
builds using the same ACE source tree.  This idiom is supported by ACE
using the $(ACE_ROOT)/bin/clone.c program.  To build clone,
perform the following steps:<P>

<pre>
% cd $ACE_ROOT/bin
% make
% mv clone ~/bin
% rehash
</pre><P>

Then create a ./build subdirectory someplace, e.g., under
$ACE_ROOT, and then invoke the top-level Makefile with the
``clone'' target, e.g.:<P>

<pre>
% cd $ACE_ROOT
% mkdir build-SunOS5
% cd build-SunOS5
% make -f ../Makefile clone
% (cd ace; echo "\#include "ace/config-sunos5.5-g++.h" &gt; config.h)
% (cd include/makeincludes; ln -s platform_sunos5-g++.h platform_macros.GNU)
% setenv ACE_ROOT $cwd
% make
</pre><P>

This will establish a complete tree of links.  Note that you must
build a config.h and platform_macros.GNU in cloned directory.  In
addition, make sure you set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH to
$ACE_ROOT/ace:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH on SVR4 UNIX platforms.<P>

When you do a make in the $ACE_ROOT directory you will be producing
object code that is not stored in the same place as the original
source tree.  This way, you can easily build another platform in a
parallel tree structure.<P>

<B> VERY IMPORTANT! </B><P>

If you use the ``clone trick'' discussed above, make sure that the
symbolic links are correctly in place before starting the build.  In
particular, if you plan to clone the tree, it is preferable to do so
before you start a build procedure on the original tree.  This is
because the build procedure create object directories (.obj and
.shobj) and the cloning procedure will clone these directories also.
You would end up with links pointing to object files of another
platform.  If you clone the tree after you've done a build on the
original tree, make sure to remove all ".obj", ".shobj" and (any other
files or directories) in all subdirectories before starting the build
on your cloned tree.<P>

Alternatively, the perl script
<code>ACE_wrappers/bin/create_ace_build</code> can be used to create
build trees.  It creates them below <code>ACE_wrappers/build</code>.
It filters out all but the necessary files, so the warning above does
not apply.  See the comments at the top of the script itself for usage
information.

<HR><P>
<H4><A NAME="corba">Building CORBA Versions of ACE</A></H4>

Note that if you are compiling with IONA's Orbix implementation of
CORBA or Visigenix's implementation of CORBA, you'll also need to set
ORBIX_ROOT to point to the root of the Orbix source tree and
ORBELINE_ROOT to point to the root of the ORBeline source tree.  Since
many platforms don't have these CORBA tools the default for ACE does
*not* incorporate them.  Thus, if you are compiling with Orbix or
ORBeline, make sure that you set up
$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU and
$ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h to use the config* and platform*
files that have "-orbix" in them!

<P><HR><P>
<H4><A NAME="mvs">Additional Build Tips for MVS</A></H4>

For all intents and purpose, MVS OpenEdition (OE) is another flavor of
UNIX, therefore, the instructions under <A HREF="#aceinstall">Building
and Installing ACE on Unix</A> can be used along with the following
additional tips:<P>

You can get a copy of GNU make that has been ported to MVS OpenEdition from
the <A HREF="http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/index.html">IBM OpenEdition web site</A>.
ACE's make scheme generates compile commands that have options and
operands interspersed.  By default, the c89/cc/c++ compiler expects all options to
precede all operands.  To get around this, you must set a special
compiler environment variable (_CXX_CCMODE) to 1 which tells the compiler
to allow options and operands to be interspersed.<P>

Note that the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH is called LIBPATH
on MVS.<P>

Shared objects are built a little different on MVS than on
other UNIX implementations.  This has been accounted for in the makefiles
that come with ACE   When the linker (via the cxx command) builds the
libACE.so file it will also create a file called libACE.x.  This is a
side-deck file and it must be included in subsequent link edits with
application code.  For more information on this see the C/C++ MVS
Programming Guide.  If you want to build your application statically,
i.e., using libACE.a instead of libACE.so, you can set ACELIB to
ACELIB_STATIC in platform_mvs.GNU.<P>

When the libACE.so file is built (via the MVS pre-linker and binder), you
will get a rc=4 from the pre-linker.  This is ok.  This is due to some
warnings about unresolved references which should get resolved during the
link step.  Note, however, there shouldn't be any unresolved references
from the binder (linkage editor).   You can get pre-link and link maps by
uncommenting the PMAP and LMAP lines in the platform_mvs.GNU file.<P>

<HR><P>
<H4><A NAME="flags">Makefile Flags</A></H4>

ACE supports the following flags.  They can be enabled either on the command
line, e.g., "make purify=1", or added to your platform_macros.GNU.  To
disable the option, set the flag to null, e.g., "make debug=".  Some flags
support setting to 0 disable, e.g., "make debug=0".  debug=1 is enabled in
the platform files that are released with ACE.<P>

Please note that the effects of a flag may be platform specific.
Also, combinations of certain flags may or may not be allowed on
specific platforms, e.g., debug=1 opt=1 is supported by g++ but
not all other C++ compilers.<P>

If you use Purify or Quantify:  purify or quantify <strong>must</strong>
be on your <code>PATH</code>.  By default, ACE puts the Purify/Quantify
caches below <code>/tmp</code>.  To override that, set the
<code>PURE_CACHE_BASE_DIR</code> variable, either in your environment
or on the <code>make</code> make command line, to the destination
directory for your instrumented libraries.<p>

<PRE>
Flag             Description
----             -----------
debug            Enable debugging; see DCFLAGS and DCCFLAGS.
exceptions       Enable exception handling (not supported by all platforms).
fast             Enable -fast option, e.g., with Sun C++.
inline           Enable ACE inlining.  Some platforms enable inlining by
default, others do not.
optimize         Enable optimization; see OCFLAGS and OCCFLAGS.
orbix            Enable use of Orbix.
probe            Enable ACE_Timeprobes.
profile          Enable profiling; see PCFLAGS and PCCFLAGS.
purify           Purify all executables.
quantify         Quantify all executables.
repo             Use GNU template repository (g++ with repo patches and
                   egcs only).
rtti             Enable run-time type identification.  On some platforms,
                   it is enabled by default, so this is ignored.
shared_libs      Build shared libraries. Ignored if static_libs_only is set.
static_libs      Build shared libraries. Ignored if shared_libs_only is set.
shared_libs_only Only build shared libraries.  Ignored if no SHLIBs are
specified by the Makefile, as in performance-tests/Misc.
static_libs_only Only build static libraries.
threads          Build with thread support.
xt_reactor       Build the XtReactor.

Usually, users do not need to be concerned with make targets.
Just enter ``make'' on the command line to build.  A few notable
targets are listed below.

Target             Description
------             -----------
show_statics       Lists all static objects in object files built for
current directory.  Only supported for g++.
show_uninit        Lists all uninitialized in object files built for
current directory.  Only supported for g++.

</PRE>
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