split PS wrapper and payload (CVE-2018-16859) (#49145)

* prevent scriptblock logging from logging payload contents
* added tests to verify no payload contents in PS Operational event log
* fix script action to send split-aware wrapper
* fix CLIXML error parser (return to -EncodedCommand exposed problems with it)
* addresses CVE-2018-16859

8 files changed, 57 insertions, 17 deletions

diff --git a/changelogs/fragments/ps_sb_logging.yaml b/changelogs/fragments/ps_sb_logging.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78241df449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelogs/fragments/ps_sb_logging.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bugfixes:
+- Windows - prevent sensitive content from appearing in scriptblock logging (CVE 2018-16859)
diff --git a/lib/ansible/executor/module_common.py b/lib/ansible/executor/module_common.py
index 009eb06c48..2260097334 100644
--- a/lib/ansible/executor/module_common.py
+++ b/lib/ansible/executor/module_common.py
@@ -850,7 +850,8 @@ def _find_module_utils(module_name, b_module_data, module_path, module_args, tas
         # FUTURE: smuggle this back as a dict instead of serializing here; the connection plugin may need to modify it
         module_json = json.dumps(exec_manifest)
 
-        b_module_data = exec_wrapper.replace(b"$json_raw = ''", b"$json_raw = @'\r\n%s\r\n'@" % to_bytes(module_json))
+        # delimit the payload JSON from the wrapper to keep sensitive contents out of scriptblocks (which can be logged)
+        b_module_data = to_bytes(exec_wrapper) + b'\0\0\0\0' + to_bytes(module_json)
 
     elif module_substyle == 'jsonargs':
         module_args_json = to_bytes(json.dumps(module_args))
diff --git a/lib/ansible/executor/powershell/__init__.py b/lib/ansible/executor/powershell/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ansible/executor/powershell/__init__.py
diff --git a/lib/ansible/executor/powershell/bootstrap_wrapper.ps1 b/lib/ansible/executor/powershell/bootstrap_wrapper.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfad82703d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ansible/executor/powershell/bootstrap_wrapper.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+&chcp.com 65001 > $null
+$exec_wrapper_str = $input | Out-String
+$split_parts = $exec_wrapper_str.Split(@("`0`0`0`0"), 2, [StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries)
+If (-not $split_parts.Length -eq 2) { throw "invalid payload" }
+Set-Variable -Name json_raw -Value $split_parts[1]
+$exec_wrapper = [ScriptBlock]::Create($split_parts[0])
+&$exec_wrapper
diff --git a/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py b/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py
index 000b2951f1..be8cc0fa96 100644
--- a/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py
+++ b/lib/ansible/plugins/action/script.py
@@ -119,12 +119,13 @@ class ActionModule(ActionBase):
             exec_data = None
             # WinRM requires a special wrapper to work with environment variables
             if self._connection.transport == "winrm":
-                pay = self._connection._create_raw_wrapper_payload(script_cmd,
-                                                                   env_dict)
-                exec_data = exec_wrapper.replace(b"$json_raw = ''",
-                                                 b"$json_raw = @'\r\n%s\r\n'@"
-                                                 % to_bytes(pay))
-                script_cmd = "-"
+                pay = self._connection._create_raw_wrapper_payload(script_cmd, env_dict)
+                exec_data = to_bytes(exec_wrapper) + b"\0\0\0\0" + to_bytes(pay)
+
+                # build the necessary exec wrapper command
+                # FUTURE: this still doesn't let script work on Windows with non-pipelined connections or
+                # full manual exec of KEEP_REMOTE_FILES
+                script_cmd = self._connection._shell.build_module_command(env_string='', shebang='#!powershell', cmd='')
 
             result.update(self._low_level_execute_command(cmd=script_cmd, in_data=exec_data, sudoable=True, chdir=chdir))
 
diff --git a/lib/ansible/plugins/connection/winrm.py b/lib/ansible/plugins/connection/winrm.py
index 28aa5a62d7..b5e8dd7c59 100644
--- a/lib/ansible/plugins/connection/winrm.py
+++ b/lib/ansible/plugins/connection/winrm.py
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ import traceback
 import json
 import tempfile
 import subprocess
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
 HAVE_KERBEROS = False
 try:
@@ -537,14 +538,17 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
         return (result.status_code, result.std_out, result.std_err)
 
     def is_clixml(self, value):
-        return value.startswith(b"#< CLIXML")
+        return value.startswith(b"#< CLIXML\r\n")
 
     # hacky way to get just stdout- not always sure of doc framing here, so use with care
     def parse_clixml_stream(self, clixml_doc, stream_name='Error'):
-        clear_xml = clixml_doc.replace(b'#< CLIXML\r\n', b'')
-        doc = xmltodict.parse(clear_xml)
-        lines = [l.get('#text', '').replace('_x000D__x000A_', '') for l in doc.get('Objs', {}).get('S', {}) if l.get('@S') == stream_name]
-        return '\r\n'.join(lines)
+        clixml = ET.fromstring(clixml_doc.split(b"\r\n", 1)[-1])
+        namespace_match = re.match(r'{(.*)}', clixml.tag)
+        namespace = "{%s}" % namespace_match.group(1) if namespace_match else ""
+
+        strings = clixml.findall("./%sS" % namespace)
+        lines = [e.text.replace('_x000D__x000A_', '') for e in strings if e.attrib.get('S') == stream_name]
+        return to_bytes('\r\n'.join(lines))
 
     # FUTURE: determine buffer size at runtime via remote winrm config?
     def _put_file_stdin_iterator(self, in_path, out_path, buffer_size=250000):
diff --git a/lib/ansible/plugins/shell/powershell.py b/lib/ansible/plugins/shell/powershell.py
index 693d412796..0b1bc43a3f 100644
--- a/lib/ansible/plugins/shell/powershell.py
+++ b/lib/ansible/plugins/shell/powershell.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import base64
 import os
 import re
 import shlex
+import pkgutil
 
 from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
 from ansible.module_utils._text import to_text
@@ -78,8 +79,10 @@ begin {
     # stream JSON including become_pw, ps_module_payload, bin_module_payload, become_payload, write_payload_path, preserve directives
     # exec runspace, capture output, cleanup, return module output
 
-    # NB: do not adjust the following line- it is replaced when doing non-streamed module output
-    $json_raw = ''
+    # only init and stream in $json_raw if it wasn't set by the enclosing scope
+    if (-not $(Get-Variable "json_raw" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
+        $json_raw = ''
+    }
 }
 process {
     $input_as_string = [string]$input
@@ -1966,9 +1969,11 @@ class ShellModule(ShellBase):
         return self._encode_script(script)
 
     def build_module_command(self, env_string, shebang, cmd, arg_path=None):
+        bootstrap_wrapper = pkgutil.get_data("ansible.executor.powershell", "bootstrap_wrapper.ps1")
+
         # pipelining bypass
         if cmd == '':
-            return '-'
+            return self._encode_script(script=bootstrap_wrapper, strict_mode=False, preserve_rc=False)
 
         # non-pipelining
 
@@ -1976,8 +1981,11 @@ class ShellModule(ShellBase):
         cmd_parts = list(map(to_text, cmd_parts))
         if shebang and shebang.lower() == '#!powershell':
             if not self._unquote(cmd_parts[0]).lower().endswith('.ps1'):
+                # we're running a module via the bootstrap wrapper
                 cmd_parts[0] = '"%s.ps1"' % self._unquote(cmd_parts[0])
-            cmd_parts.insert(0, '&')
+            wrapper_cmd = "type " + cmd_parts[0] + " | " + self._encode_script(script=bootstrap_wrapper,
+                                                                               strict_mode=False, preserve_rc=False)
+            return wrapper_cmd
         elif shebang and shebang.startswith('#!'):
             cmd_parts.insert(0, shebang[2:])
         elif not shebang:
diff --git a/test/integration/targets/win_become/tasks/main.yml b/test/integration/targets/win_become/tasks/main.yml
index e860ff78e4..7e46156845 100644
--- a/test/integration/targets/win_become/tasks/main.yml
+++ b/test/integration/targets/win_become/tasks/main.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 - set_fact:
     become_test_username: ansible_become_test
     become_test_admin_username: ansible_become_admin
-    gen_pw: password123! + {{ lookup('password', '/dev/null chars=ascii_letters,digits length=8') }}
+    gen_pw: "{{ 'password123!' + lookup('password', '/dev/null chars=ascii_letters,digits length=8') }}"
 
 - name: create unprivileged user
   win_user:
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
   - SeInteractiveLogonRight
   - SeBatchLogonRight
 
+- name: fetch current target date/time for log filtering
+  raw: '[datetime]::now | Out-String'
+  register: test_starttime
+
 - name: execute tests and ensure that test user is deleted regardless of success/failure
   block:
   - name: ensure current user is not the become user
@@ -219,6 +223,7 @@
     assert:
       that:
       - whoami_out is successful
+      - become_test_username in whoami_out.stdout
     when: os_version.stdout_lines[0] == "async"
 
   - name: test failure with string become invalid key
@@ -320,6 +325,18 @@
       - nonascii_output.stdout_lines[0] == 'über den Fußgängerübergang gehen'
       - nonascii_output.stderr == ''
 
+  - name: get PS events containing password or module args created since test start
+    raw: |
+      $dt=[datetime]"{{ test_starttime.stdout|trim }}"
+      (Get-WinEvent -LogName Microsoft-Windows-Powershell/Operational |
+      ? { $_.TimeCreated -ge $dt -and $_.Message -match "{{ gen_pw }}|whoami" }).Count
+    register: ps_log_count
+
+  - name: assert no PS events contain password or module args
+    assert:
+      that:
+      - ps_log_count.stdout | int == 0
+
 # FUTURE: test raw + script become behavior once they're running under the exec wrapper again
 # FUTURE: add standalone playbook tests to include password prompting and play become keywords