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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Apache SSL/TLS Encryption: How-To</title>
<style type="text/css"><!--
#H {
}
#D {
background-color: #f0f0f0;
}
--></style>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
<h1 align="center">SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: How-To</h1>
<div align="right">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="200" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<em>
``The solution of this problem is trivial
and is left as an exercise for the reader.''
</em>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<font size="-1">
Standard textbook cookie
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>How to solve particular security constraints for an SSL-aware webserver
is not always obvious because of the coherences between SSL, HTTP and Apache's
way of processing requests. This chapter gives instructions on how to solve
such typical situations. Treat is as a first step to find out the final
solution, but always try to understand the stuff before you use it. Nothing is
worse than using a security solution without knowing its restrictions and
coherences.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ToC1">Cipher Suites and Enforced Strong Security</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC2">SSLv2 only server</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC3">strong encryption only server</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC4">server gated cryptography</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC5">stronger per-directory requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC6">Client Authentication and Access Control</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC7">simple certificate-based client authentication</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC8">selective certificate-based client authentication</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC9">particular certificate-based client authentication</a></li>
<li><a href="#ToC10">intranet vs. internet authentication</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="ToC1">Cipher Suites and Enforced Strong Security</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a name="ToC2"></a>
<a name="cipher-sslv2"></a>
<strong>
How can I create a real SSLv2-only server?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#cipher-sslv2"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>The following creates an SSL server which speaks only the SSLv2 protocol and
its ciphers.</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
SSLProtocol -all +SSLv2
SSLCipherSuite SSLv2:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+EXP
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li><a name="ToC3"></a>
<a name="cipher-strong"></a>
<strong>
How can I create an SSL server which accepts strong encryption only?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#cipher-strong"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>The following enables only the seven strongest ciphers:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
SSLProtocol all
SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li><a name="ToC4"></a>
<a name="cipher-sgc"></a>
<strong>
How can I create an SSL server which accepts strong encryption only,
but allows export browsers to upgrade to stronger encryption?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#cipher-sgc"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>This facility is called Server Gated Cryptography (SGC) and details you can
find in the <code>README.GlobalID</code> document in the mod_ssl distribution.
In short: The server has a Global ID server certificate, signed by a special
CA certificate from Verisign which enables strong encryption in export
browsers. This works as following: The browser connects with an export cipher,
the server sends its Global ID certificate, the browser verifies it and
subsequently upgrades the cipher suite before any HTTP communication takes
place. The question now is: How can we allow this upgrade, but enforce strong
encryption. Or in other words: Browser either have to initially connect with
strong encryption or have to upgrade to strong encryption, but are not allowed
to keep the export ciphers. The following does the trick:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
# allow all ciphers for the inital handshake,
# so export browsers can upgrade via SGC facility
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
<Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs>
# but finally deny all browsers which haven't upgraded
SSLRequire %{SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE} >= 128
</Directory>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li><a name="ToC5"></a>
<a name="cipher-perdir"></a>
<strong>
How can I create an SSL server which accepts all types of ciphers in general,
but requires a strong ciphers for access to a particular URL?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#cipher-perdir"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>Obviously you cannot just use a server-wide <code>SSLCipherSuite</code> which
restricts the ciphers to the strong variants. But mod_ssl allows you to
reconfigure the cipher suite in per-directory context and automatically forces
a renegotiation of the SSL parameters to meet the new configuration. So, the
solution is:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
# be liberal in general
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
<Location /strong/area>
# but https://hostname/strong/area/ and below requires strong ciphers
SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM
</Location>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="ToC6">Client Authentication and Access Control</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a name="ToC7"></a>
<a name="auth-simple"></a>
<strong>
How can I authenticate clients based on certificates when I know all my
clients?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#auth-simple"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>When you know your user community (i.e. a closed user group situation), as
it's the case for instance in an Intranet, you can use plain certificate
authentication. All you have to do is to create client certificates signed by
your own CA certificate <code>ca.crt</code> and then verifiy the clients
against this certificate.</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
# require a client certificate which has to be directly
# signed by our CA certificate in ca.crt
SSLVerifyClient require
SSLVerifyDepth 1
SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li><a name="ToC8"></a>
<a name="auth-selective"></a>
<strong>
How can I authenticate my clients for a particular URL based on certificates
but still allow arbitrary clients to access the remaining parts of the server?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#auth-selective"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>For this we again use the per-directory reconfiguration feature of mod_ssl:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
SSLVerifyClient none
SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt
<Location /secure/area>
SSLVerifyClient require
SSLVerifyDepth 1
</Location>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li><a name="ToC9"></a>
<a name="auth-particular"></a>
<strong>
How can I authenticate only particular clients for a some URLs based
on certificates but still allow arbitrary clients to access the remaining
parts of the server?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#auth-particular"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>The key is to check for various ingredients of the client certficate. Usually
this means to check the whole or part of the Distinguished Name (DN) of the
Subject. For this two methods exists: The <code>mod_auth</code> based variant
and the <code>SSLRequire</code> variant. The first method is good when the
clients are of totally different type, i.e. when their DNs have no common
fields (usually the organisation, etc.). In this case you've to establish a
password database containing <em>all</em> clients. The second method is better
when your clients are all part of a common hierarchy which is encoded into the
DN. Then you can match them more easily.</p>
<p>The first method:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
SSLVerifyClient none
<Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secure/area>
SSLVerifyClient require
SSLVerifyDepth 5
SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt
SSLCACertificatePath conf/ssl.crt
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth
SSLRequireSSL
AuthName "Snake Oil Authentication"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.passwd
require valid-user
</Directory>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.passwd</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
/C=DE/L=Munich/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Staff/CN=Foo:xxj31ZMTZzkVA
/C=US/L=S.F./O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=CA/CN=Bar:xxj31ZMTZzkVA
/C=US/L=L.A./O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Dev/CN=Quux:xxj31ZMTZzkVA
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The second method:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
SSLVerifyClient none
<Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secure/area>
SSLVerifyClient require
SSLVerifyDepth 5
SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt
SSLCACertificatePath conf/ssl.crt
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth
SSLRequireSSL
SSLRequire %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." and \
%{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"}
</Directory>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li><a name="ToC10"></a>
<a name="auth-intranet"></a>
<strong> How can
I require HTTPS with strong ciphers and either basic authentication or client
certificates for access to a subarea on the Intranet website for clients
coming from the Internet but still allow plain HTTP access for clients on the
Intranet?
</strong>
[<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/ssl/ssl_howto.html#auth-intranet"><b>L</b></a>]
<p>Let us assume the Intranet can be distinguished through the IP network
192.160.1.0/24 and the subarea on the Intranet website has the URL
<tt>/subarea</tt>. Then configure the following outside your HTTPS virtual
host (so it applies to both HTTPS and HTTP):</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="8" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td rowspan="3"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica" color="#999999">httpd.conf</font> </td>
<td colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="2"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="40" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="300" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="5" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>
SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/company-ca.crt
<Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs>
# Outside the subarea only Intranet access is granted
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/subarea>
# Inside the subarea any Intranet access is allowed
# but from the Internet only HTTPS + Strong-Cipher + Password
# or the alternative HTTPS + Strong-Cipher + Client-Certificate
# If HTTPS is used, make sure a strong cipher is used.
# Additionally allow client certs as alternative to basic auth.
SSLVerifyClient optional
SSLVerifyDepth 1
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +StrictRequire
SSLRequire %{SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE} >= 128
# Force clients from the Internet to use HTTPS
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^192\.168\.1\.[0-9]+$
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule .* - [F]
# Allow Network Access and/or Basic Auth
Satisfy any
# Network Access Control
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow 192.168.1.0/24
# HTTP Basic Authentication
AuthType basic
AuthName "Protected Intranet Area"
AuthUserFile conf/protected.passwd
Require valid-user
</Directory>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" bgcolor="#cccccc"><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" align="bottom" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
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