make fetch

23 files changed, 1153 insertions, 949 deletions

diff --git a/GNUmakefile b/GNUmakefile
index 7a08c9d5..07b331fe 100644
--- a/GNUmakefile
+++ b/GNUmakefile
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # It is necessary if you want to build targets usually of interest
 # only to the maintainer.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2001, 2003, 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2001, 2003, 2006-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ _gl-Makefile := $(wildcard [M]akefile)
 ifneq ($(_gl-Makefile),)
 
 # Make tar archive easier to reproduce.
-export TAR_OPTIONS = --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner
+export TAR_OPTIONS = --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner --sort=name
 
 # Allow the user to add to this in the Makefile.
 ALL_RECURSIVE_TARGETS =
diff --git a/build-aux/announce-gen b/build-aux/announce-gen
index 3847a568..6bf48e1b 100755
--- a/build-aux/announce-gen
+++ b/build-aux/announce-gen
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 # Generate a release announcement message.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/build-aux/config.guess b/build-aux/config.guess
index 1817bdce..69188da7 100755
--- a/build-aux/config.guess
+++ b/build-aux/config.guess
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Attempt to guess a canonical system name.
-#   Copyright 1992-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#   Copyright 1992-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2006,SC2268 # see below for rationale
 
-timestamp='2022-05-25'
+timestamp='2023-01-01'
 
 # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ version="\
 GNU config.guess ($timestamp)
 
 Originally written by Per Bothner.
-Copyright 1992-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright 1992-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
@@ -966,6 +966,12 @@ EOF
 	GNU_REL=`echo "$UNAME_RELEASE" | sed -e 's/[-(].*//'`
 	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-$GNU_SYS$GNU_REL-$LIBC
 	;;
+    x86_64:[Mm]anagarm:*:*|i?86:[Mm]anagarm:*:*)
+	GUESS="$UNAME_MACHINE-pc-managarm-mlibc"
+	;;
+    *:[Mm]anagarm:*:*)
+	GUESS="$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-managarm-mlibc"
+	;;
     *:Minix:*:*)
 	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-minix
 	;;
@@ -1036,7 +1042,7 @@ EOF
     k1om:Linux:*:*)
 	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-linux-$LIBC
 	;;
-    loongarch32:Linux:*:* | loongarch64:Linux:*:* | loongarchx32:Linux:*:*)
+    loongarch32:Linux:*:* | loongarch64:Linux:*:*)
 	GUESS=$UNAME_MACHINE-unknown-linux-$LIBC
 	;;
     m32r*:Linux:*:*)
diff --git a/build-aux/config.sub b/build-aux/config.sub
index dba16e84..d6731d65 100755
--- a/build-aux/config.sub
+++ b/build-aux/config.sub
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Configuration validation subroutine script.
-#   Copyright 1992-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#   Copyright 1992-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2006,SC2268 # see below for rationale
 
-timestamp='2022-01-03'
+timestamp='2023-01-01'
 
 # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Report bugs and patches to <config-patches@gnu.org>."
 version="\
 GNU config.sub ($timestamp)
 
-Copyright 1992-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright 1992-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ case $1 in
 			nto-qnx* | linux-* | uclinux-uclibc* \
 			| uclinux-gnu* | kfreebsd*-gnu* | knetbsd*-gnu* | netbsd*-gnu* \
 			| netbsd*-eabi* | kopensolaris*-gnu* | cloudabi*-eabi* \
-			| storm-chaos* | os2-emx* | rtmk-nova*)
+			| storm-chaos* | os2-emx* | rtmk-nova* | managarm-*)
 				basic_machine=$field1
 				basic_os=$maybe_os
 				;;
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ case $cpu-$vendor in
 			| k1om \
 			| le32 | le64 \
 			| lm32 \
-			| loongarch32 | loongarch64 | loongarchx32 \
+			| loongarch32 | loongarch64 \
 			| m32c | m32r | m32rle \
 			| m5200 | m68000 | m680[012346]0 | m68360 | m683?2 | m68k \
 			| m6811 | m68hc11 | m6812 | m68hc12 | m68hcs12x \
@@ -1341,6 +1341,10 @@ EOF
 		kernel=linux
 		os=`echo "$basic_os" | sed -e 's|linux|gnu|'`
 		;;
+	managarm*)
+		kernel=managarm
+		os=`echo "$basic_os" | sed -e 's|managarm|mlibc|'`
+		;;
 	*)
 		kernel=
 		os=$basic_os
@@ -1754,7 +1758,7 @@ case $os in
 	     | onefs* | tirtos* | phoenix* | fuchsia* | redox* | bme* \
 	     | midnightbsd* | amdhsa* | unleashed* | emscripten* | wasi* \
 	     | nsk* | powerunix* | genode* | zvmoe* | qnx* | emx* | zephyr* \
-	     | fiwix* )
+	     | fiwix* | mlibc* )
 		;;
 	# This one is extra strict with allowed versions
 	sco3.2v2 | sco3.2v[4-9]* | sco5v6*)
@@ -1762,6 +1766,9 @@ case $os in
 		;;
 	none)
 		;;
+	kernel* )
+		# Restricted further below
+		;;
 	*)
 		echo Invalid configuration \`"$1"\': OS \`"$os"\' not recognized 1>&2
 		exit 1
@@ -1772,16 +1779,26 @@ esac
 # (given a valid OS), if there is a kernel.
 case $kernel-$os in
 	linux-gnu* | linux-dietlibc* | linux-android* | linux-newlib* \
-		   | linux-musl* | linux-relibc* | linux-uclibc* )
+		   | linux-musl* | linux-relibc* | linux-uclibc* | linux-mlibc* )
 		;;
 	uclinux-uclibc* )
 		;;
-	-dietlibc* | -newlib* | -musl* | -relibc* | -uclibc* )
+	managarm-mlibc* | managarm-kernel* )
+		;;
+	-dietlibc* | -newlib* | -musl* | -relibc* | -uclibc* | -mlibc* )
 		# These are just libc implementations, not actual OSes, and thus
 		# require a kernel.
 		echo "Invalid configuration \`$1': libc \`$os' needs explicit kernel." 1>&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
+	-kernel* )
+		echo "Invalid configuration \`$1': \`$os' needs explicit kernel." 1>&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
+	*-kernel* )
+		echo "Invalid configuration \`$1': \`$kernel' does not support \`$os'." 1>&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
 	kfreebsd*-gnu* | kopensolaris*-gnu*)
 		;;
 	vxworks-simlinux | vxworks-simwindows | vxworks-spe)
diff --git a/build-aux/gendocs.sh b/build-aux/gendocs.sh
index 8dbac302..9afe3100 100755
--- a/build-aux/gendocs.sh
+++ b/build-aux/gendocs.sh
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 # gendocs.sh -- generate a GNU manual in many formats.  This script is
 #   mentioned in maintain.texi.  See the help message below for usage details.
 
-scriptversion=2022-01-01.00
+scriptversion=2023-01-01.00
 
-# Copyright 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright 2003-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ srcdir=`pwd`
 scripturl="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/plain/build-aux/gendocs.sh"
 templateurl="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/plain/doc/gendocs_template"
 
-: ${SETLANG="env LANG= LC_MESSAGES= LC_ALL= LANGUAGE="}
-: ${MAKEINFO="makeinfo"}
-: ${TEXI2DVI="texi2dvi"}
-: ${DOCBOOK2HTML="docbook2html"}
-: ${DOCBOOK2PDF="docbook2pdf"}
-: ${DOCBOOK2TXT="docbook2txt"}
-: ${GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR="."}
-: ${PERL='perl'}
-: ${TEXI2HTML="texi2html"}
+: "${SETLANG="env LANG= LC_TIME= LC_MESSAGES= LC_ALL= LANGUAGE="}"
+: "${MAKEINFO="makeinfo"}"
+: "${TEXI2DVI="texi2dvi"}"
+: "${DOCBOOK2HTML="docbook2html"}"
+: "${DOCBOOK2PDF="docbook2pdf"}"
+: "${DOCBOOK2TXT="docbook2txt"}"
+: "${GENDOCS_TEMPLATE_DIR="."}"
+: "${PERL="perl"}"
+: "${TEXI2HTML="texi2html"}"
 unset CDPATH
 unset use_texi2html
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ texarg="-t @finalout"
 
 version="gendocs.sh $scriptversion
 
-Copyright 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 There is NO warranty.  You may redistribute this software
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
 For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING."
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ fi  # end info
 # 
 if $generate_tex; then
   cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2DVI $dirargs $texarg \"$srcfile\""
-  printf "\nGenerating dvi... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating dvi... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   # compress/finish dvi:
   gzip -f -9 $PACKAGE.dvi
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ if $generate_tex; then
   ls -l "$outdir/$PACKAGE.dvi.gz"
 
   cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2DVI --pdf $dirargs $texarg \"$srcfile\""
-  printf "\nGenerating pdf... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating pdf... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   pdf_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.pdf`
   mv $PACKAGE.pdf "$outdir/"
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ fi # end tex (dvi + pdf)
 if $generate_ascii; then
   opt="-o $PACKAGE.txt --no-split --no-headers $commonarg"
   cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\""
-  printf "\nGenerating ascii... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating ascii... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   ascii_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.txt`
   gzip -f -9 -c $PACKAGE.txt >"$outdir/$PACKAGE.txt.gz"
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ html_split()
 {
   opt="--split=$1 --node-files $commonarg $htmlarg"
   cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2HTML --output $PACKAGE.html $opt \"$srcfile\""
-  printf "\nGenerating html by $1... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating html by %s... (%s)\n" "$1" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   split_html_dir=$PACKAGE.html
   (
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ html_split()
 if test -z "$use_texi2html"; then
   opt="--no-split --html -o $PACKAGE.html $commonarg $htmlarg"
   cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\""
-  printf "\nGenerating monolithic html... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating monolithic html... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   rm -rf $PACKAGE.html  # in case a directory is left over
   eval "$cmd"
   html_mono_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.html`
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ if test -z "$use_texi2html"; then
   #
   opt="--html -o $PACKAGE.html $split_arg $commonarg $htmlarg"
   cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\""
-  printf "\nGenerating html by $split... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating html by %s... (%s)\n" "$split" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   split_html_dir=$PACKAGE.html
   copy_images $split_html_dir/ $split_html_dir/*.html
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ if test -z "$use_texi2html"; then
 else # use texi2html:
   opt="--output $PACKAGE.html $commonarg $htmlarg"
   cmd="$SETLANG $TEXI2HTML $opt \"$srcfile\""
-  printf "\nGenerating monolithic html with texi2html... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating monolithic html with texi2html... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   rm -rf $PACKAGE.html  # in case a directory is left over
   eval "$cmd"
   html_mono_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE.html`
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ texi_tgz_size=`calcsize "$outdir/$PACKAGE.texi.tar.gz"`
 if test -n "$docbook"; then
   opt="-o - --docbook $commonarg"
   cmd="$SETLANG $MAKEINFO $opt \"$srcfile\" >${srcdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml"
-  printf "\nGenerating docbook XML... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating docbook XML... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   docbook_xml_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE-db.xml`
   gzip -f -9 -c $PACKAGE-db.xml >"$outdir/$PACKAGE-db.xml.gz"
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ if test -n "$docbook"; then
   split_html_db_dir=html_node_db
   opt="$commonarg -o $split_html_db_dir"
   cmd="$DOCBOOK2HTML $opt \"${outdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml\""
-  printf "\nGenerating docbook HTML... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating docbook HTML... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   (
     cd ${split_html_db_dir} || exit 1
@@ -451,20 +451,20 @@ if test -n "$docbook"; then
   rmdir ${split_html_db_dir}
 
   cmd="$DOCBOOK2TXT \"${outdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml\""
-  printf "\nGenerating docbook ASCII... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating docbook ASCII... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   docbook_ascii_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE-db.txt`
   mv $PACKAGE-db.txt "$outdir/"
 
   cmd="$DOCBOOK2PDF \"${outdir}/$PACKAGE-db.xml\""
-  printf "\nGenerating docbook PDF... ($cmd)\n"
+  printf "\nGenerating docbook PDF... (%s)\n" "$cmd"
   eval "$cmd"
   docbook_pdf_size=`calcsize $PACKAGE-db.pdf`
   mv $PACKAGE-db.pdf "$outdir/"
 fi
 
 # 
-printf "\nMaking index.html for $PACKAGE...\n"
+printf "\nMaking index.html for %s...\n" "$PACKAGE"
 if test -z "$use_texi2html"; then
   CONDS="/%%IF  *HTML_SECTION%%/,/%%ENDIF  *HTML_SECTION%%/d;\
          /%%IF  *HTML_CHAPTER%%/,/%%ENDIF  *HTML_CHAPTER%%/d"
diff --git a/build-aux/git-version-gen b/build-aux/git-version-gen
index 72a2cc8e..a72057bf 100755
--- a/build-aux/git-version-gen
+++ b/build-aux/git-version-gen
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Print a version string.
 scriptversion=2022-07-09.08; # UTC
 
-# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/build-aux/gitlog-to-changelog b/build-aux/gitlog-to-changelog
index 82d9f973..4678bad1 100755
--- a/build-aux/gitlog-to-changelog
+++ b/build-aux/gitlog-to-changelog
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 # Convert git log output to ChangeLog format.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/build-aux/gnupload b/build-aux/gnupload
index b97e566f..215a9388 100755
--- a/build-aux/gnupload
+++ b/build-aux/gnupload
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 scriptversion=2022-01-27.18; # UTC
 
-# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/build-aux/move-if-change b/build-aux/move-if-change
index 9f7379a6..93839108 100755
--- a/build-aux/move-if-change
+++ b/build-aux/move-if-change
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ VERSION='2018-03-07 03:47'; # UTC
 # If you change this file with Emacs, please let the write hook
 # do its job.  Otherwise, update this string manually.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/build-aux/texinfo.tex b/build-aux/texinfo.tex
index f059cfb3..94def084 100644
--- a/build-aux/texinfo.tex
+++ b/build-aux/texinfo.tex
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 % Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
 \expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
 %
-\def\texinfoversion{2022-05-30.20}
+\def\texinfoversion{2023-01-17.19}
 %
-% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 %
 % This texinfo.tex file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
 % modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -58,12 +58,6 @@
 
 \message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:}
 
-% If in a .fmt file, print the version number
-% and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
-% they might have appeared in the input file name.
-\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}%
-  \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active}
-
 % LaTeX's \typeout.  This ensures that the messages it is used for
 % are identical in format to the corresponding ones from latex/pdflatex.
 \def\typeout{\immediate\write17}%
@@ -241,9 +235,6 @@
 %
 \def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt }
 
-\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines
-\newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in
-
 % Output a mark which sets \thischapter, \thissection and \thiscolor.
 % We dump everything together because we only have one kind of mark.
 % This works because we only use \botmark / \topmark, not \firstmark.
@@ -317,16 +308,8 @@
 \newbox\footlinebox
 
 % When outputting the double column layout for indices, an output routine
-% is run several times, which hides the original value of \topmark.  This
-% can lead to a page heading being output and duplicating the chapter heading
-% of the index.  Hence, save the contents of \topmark at the beginning of
-% the output routine.  The saved contents are valid until we actually
-% \shipout a page.
-%
-% (We used to run a short output routine to actually set \topmark and
-% \firstmark to the right values, but if this was called with an empty page
-% containing whatsits for writing index entries, the whatsits would be thrown
-% away and the index auxiliary file would remain empty.)
+% is run several times, hiding the original value of \topmark.  Hence, save
+% \topmark at the beginning.
 %
 \newtoks\savedtopmark
 \newif\iftopmarksaved
@@ -351,15 +334,9 @@
   %
   \checkchapterpage
   %
-  % Retrieve the information for the headings from the marks in the page,
-  % and call Plain TeX's \makeheadline and \makefootline, which use the
-  % values in \headline and \footline.
-  %
-  % Common context changes for both heading and footing.
-  % Do this outside of the \shipout so @code etc. will be expanded in
-  % the headline as they should be, not taken literally (outputting ''code).
+  % Make the heading and footing.  \makeheadline and \makefootline
+  % use the contents of \headline and \footline.
   \def\commonheadfootline{\let\hsize=\txipagewidth \texinfochars}
-  %
   \ifodd\pageno \getoddheadingmarks \else \getevenheadingmarks \fi
   \global\setbox\headlinebox = \vbox{\commonheadfootline \makeheadline}%
   \ifodd\pageno \getoddfootingmarks \else \getevenfootingmarks \fi
@@ -547,7 +524,7 @@
 
 % ... but they get defined via ``\envdef\foo{...}'':
 \long\def\envdef#1#2{\def#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
-\def\envparseargdef#1#2{\parseargdef#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
+\long\def\envparseargdef#1#2{\parseargdef#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
 
 % Check whether we're in the right environment:
 \def\checkenv#1{%
@@ -608,6 +585,9 @@
 % @/ allows a line break.
 \let\/=\allowbreak
 
+% @- allows explicit insertion of hyphenation points
+\def\-{\discretionary{\normaldash}{}{}}%
+
 % @. is an end-of-sentence period.
 \def\.{.\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space}
 
@@ -617,21 +597,6 @@
 % @? is an end-of-sentence query.
 \def\?{?\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space}
 
-% @frenchspacing on|off  says whether to put extra space after punctuation.
-%
-\def\onword{on}
-\def\offword{off}
-%
-\parseargdef\frenchspacing{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\onword \plainfrenchspacing
-  \else\ifx\temp\offword \plainnonfrenchspacing
-  \else
-    \errhelp = \EMsimple
-    \errmessage{Unknown @frenchspacing option `\temp', must be on|off}%
-  \fi\fi
-}
-
 % @w prevents a word break.  Without the \leavevmode, @w at the
 % beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would
 % produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph.
@@ -725,32 +690,22 @@ where each line of input produces a line of output.}
   \dimen2 = \ht\strutbox
   \advance\dimen2 by \dp\strutbox
   \ifdim\dimen0 > \dimen2
+    % This is similar to the 'needspace' module in LaTeX.
+    % The first penalty allows a break if the end of the page is
+    % not too far away.  Following penalties and skips are discarded.
+    % Otherwise, require at least \dimen0 of vertical space.
     %
-    % Do a \strut just to make the height of this box be normal, so the
-    % normal leading is inserted relative to the preceding line.
-    % And a page break here is fine.
-    \vtop to #1\mil{\strut\vfil}%
-    %
-    % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
-    % main vertical list is 10000 or more.  But in order to see if the
-    % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
-    % page breaks.  On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
-    % page after the empty box.  So we use a penalty of 9999.
-    %
-    % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
-    % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
-    % sight.  (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
-    % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
-    % good page breaking, for example.)  However, I could not construct an
-    % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
-    % document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
+    % (We used to use a \vtop to reserve space, but this had spacing issues
+    % when followed by a section heading, as it was not a "discardable item".
+    % This also has the benefit of providing glue before the page break if
+    % there isn't enough space.)
+    \vskip0pt plus \dimen0
+    \penalty-100
+    \vskip0pt plus -\dimen0
+    \vskip \dimen0
     \penalty9999
-    %
-    % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
-    \kern -#1\mil
-    %
-    % Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
-    \nobreak
+    \vskip -\dimen0
+    \penalty0\relax % this hides the above glue from \safewhatsit and \dobreak
   \fi
 }
 
@@ -1239,13 +1194,17 @@ output) for that.)}
   %
   % Set color, and create a mark which defines \thiscolor accordingly,
   % so that \makeheadline knows which color to restore.
+  \def\curcolor{0 0 0}%
   \def\setcolor#1{%
-    \xdef\currentcolordefs{\gdef\noexpand\thiscolor{#1}}%
-    \domark
-    \pdfsetcolor{#1}%
+    \ifx#1\curcolor\else
+      \xdef\currentcolordefs{\gdef\noexpand\thiscolor{#1}}%
+      \domark
+      \pdfsetcolor{#1}%
+      \xdef\curcolor{#1}%
+    \fi
   }
   %
-  \def\maincolor{\rgbBlack}
+  \let\maincolor\rgbBlack
   \pdfsetcolor{\maincolor}
   \edef\thiscolor{\maincolor}
   \def\currentcolordefs{}
@@ -1401,7 +1360,7 @@ output) for that.)}
   %
   % by default, use black for everything.
   \def\urlcolor{\rgbBlack}
-  \def\linkcolor{\rgbBlack}
+  \let\linkcolor\rgbBlack
   \def\endlink{\setcolor{\maincolor}\pdfendlink}
   %
   % Adding outlines to PDF; macros for calculating structure of outlines
@@ -1579,9 +1538,10 @@ output) for that.)}
     \next}
   \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}%
     {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0}
-  \def\pdflink#1{%
+  \def\pdflink#1{\pdflinkpage{#1}{#1}}%
+  \def\pdflinkpage#1#2{%
     \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto name{\pdfmkpgn{#1}}
-    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#1\endlink}
+    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#2\endlink}
   \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
 \else
   % non-pdf mode
@@ -1828,10 +1788,11 @@ output) for that.)}
     \next}
   \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}%
     {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0}
-  \def\pdflink#1{%
+  \def\pdflink#1{\pdflinkpage{#1}{#1}}%
+  \def\pdflinkpage#1#2{%
     \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0]
       /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A << /S /GoTo /D (#1) >> >>}%
-    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#1\endlink}
+    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#2\endlink}
   \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
 %
   %
@@ -2176,6 +2137,11 @@ end
     \pdffontattr#1{/ToUnicode \the\pdflastobj\space 0 R}%
   }%
 \fi\fi
+%
+% This is what gets called when #5 of \setfont is empty.
+\let\cmap\gobble
+%
+% (end of cmaps)
 
 
 % Set the font macro #1 to the font named \fontprefix#2.
@@ -2191,11 +2157,10 @@ end
 \def\setfont#1#2#3#4#5{%
   \font#1=\fontprefix#2#3 scaled #4
   \csname cmap#5\endcsname#1%
+  \ifx#2\ttshape\hyphenchar#1=-1 \fi
+  \ifx#2\ttbshape\hyphenchar#1=-1 \fi
+  \ifx#2\ttslshape\hyphenchar#1=-1 \fi
 }
-% This is what gets called when #5 of \setfont is empty.
-\let\cmap\gobble
-%
-% (end of cmaps)
 
 % Use cm as the default font prefix.
 % To specify the font prefix, you must define \fontprefix
@@ -2558,7 +2523,7 @@ end
 \def\it{\fam=\itfam \setfontstyle{it}}
 \def\sl{\fam=\slfam \setfontstyle{sl}}
 \def\bf{\fam=\bffam \setfontstyle{bf}}\def\bfstylename{bf}
-\def\tt{\fam=\ttfam \setfontstyle{tt}}\def\ttstylename{tt}
+\def\tt{\fam=\ttfam \setfontstyle{tt}}
 
 % Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
 % So we set up a \sf.
@@ -2586,34 +2551,30 @@ end
   \scriptfont\sffam=\sevensf
 }
 
-%
 
-% The font-changing commands (all called \...fonts) redefine the meanings
-% of \STYLEfont, instead of just \STYLE.  We do this because \STYLE needs
-% to also set the current \fam for math mode.  Our \STYLE (e.g., \rm)
-% commands hardwire \STYLEfont to set the current font.
-%
-% The fonts used for \ifont are for "math italics"  (\itfont is for italics
-% in regular text).  \syfont is also used in math mode only.
-%
-% Each font-changing command also sets the names \lsize (one size lower)
-% and \lllsize (three sizes lower).  These relative commands are used
-% in, e.g., the LaTeX logo and acronyms.
-%
-% This all needs generalizing, badly.
+
+% \defineassignfonts{SIZE} -
+%   Define sequence \assignfontsSIZE, which switches between font sizes
+% by redefining the meanings of \STYLEfont.  (Just \STYLE additionally sets
+% the current \fam for math mode.)
 %
+\def\defineassignfonts#1{%
+  \expandafter\edef\csname assignfonts#1\endcsname{%
+    \let\noexpand\rmfont\csname #1rm\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\itfont\csname #1it\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\slfont\csname #1sl\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\bffont\csname #1bf\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\ttfont\csname #1tt\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\smallcaps\csname #1sc\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\sffont  \csname #1sf\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\ifont   \csname #1i\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\syfont  \csname #1sy\endcsname
+    \let\noexpand\ttslfont\csname #1ttsl\endcsname
+  }
+}
 
 \def\assignfonts#1{%
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\rmfont\csname #1rm\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\itfont\csname #1it\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\slfont\csname #1sl\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\bffont\csname #1bf\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\ttfont\csname #1tt\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\smallcaps\csname #1sc\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\sffont  \csname #1sf\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\ifont   \csname #1i\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\syfont  \csname #1sy\endcsname
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\ttslfont\csname #1ttsl\endcsname
+  \csname assignfonts#1\endcsname
 }
 
 \newif\ifrmisbold
@@ -2637,12 +2598,21 @@ end
    \csname\curfontstyle\endcsname
 }%
 
+% Define the font-changing commands (all called \...fonts).
+% Each font-changing command also sets the names \lsize (one size lower)
+% and \lllsize (three sizes lower).  These relative commands are used
+% in, e.g., the LaTeX logo and acronyms.
+%
+% Note: The fonts used for \ifont are for "math italics"  (\itfont is for
+% italics in regular text).  \syfont is also used in math mode only.
+%
 \def\definefontsetatsize#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \defineassignfonts{#1}%
 \expandafter\def\csname #1fonts\endcsname{%
   \def\curfontsize{#1}%
   \def\lsize{#2}\def\lllsize{#3}%
   \csname rmisbold#5\endcsname
-  \assignfonts{#1}%
+  \csname assignfonts#1\endcsname
   \resetmathfonts
   \setleading{#4}%
 }}
@@ -2687,9 +2657,22 @@ end
 % Check if we are currently using a typewriter font.  Since all the
 % Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and
 % shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have
-% this property, we can check that font parameter.
-%
-\def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt }
+% this property, we can check that font parameter. #1 is what to
+% print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print otherwise.
+\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
+
+% Same as above, but check for italic font.  Actually this also catches
+% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from
+% italic fonts.  But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway
+% this is not a problem.
+\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi}
+
+
+% Check if internal flag is clear, i.e. has not been @set.
+\def\ifflagclear#1#2#3{%
+  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
+  #2\else#3\fi
+}
 
 {
 \catcode`\'=\active
@@ -2698,41 +2681,33 @@ end
 \gdef\setcodequotes{\let`\codequoteleft \let'\codequoteright}
 \gdef\setregularquotes{\let`\lq \let'\rq}
 }
+\setregularquotes
 
-% Allow an option to not use regular directed right quote/apostrophe
-% (char 0x27), but instead the undirected quote from cmtt (char 0x0d).
-% The undirected quote is ugly, so don't make it the default, but it
-% works for pasting with more pdf viewers (at least evince), the
-% lilypond developers report.  xpdf does work with the regular 0x27.
+% output for ' in @code
+% in tt font hex 0D (undirected) or 27 (curly right quote)
 %
 \def\codequoteright{%
-  \ifmonospace
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxicodequoteundirected\endcsname\relax
-      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequoteundirected\endcsname\relax
-        '%
-      \else \char'15 \fi
-    \else \char'15 \fi
-   \else
-     '%
-   \fi
+  \ifusingtt
+      {\ifflagclear{txicodequoteundirected}%
+          {\ifflagclear{codequoteundirected}%
+              {'}%
+              {\char"0D }}%
+          {\char"0D }}%
+      {'}%
 }
-%
-% and a similar option for the left quote char vs. a grave accent.
-% Modern fonts display ASCII 0x60 as a grave accent, so some people like
-% the code environments to do likewise.
+
+% output for ` in @code
+% in tt font hex 12 (grave accent) or 60 (curly left quote)
+% \relax disables Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font.
 %
 \def\codequoteleft{%
-  \ifmonospace
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxicodequotebacktick\endcsname\relax
-      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequotebacktick\endcsname\relax
-        % [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391
-        % \relax disables Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font.
-        \relax`%
-      \else \char'22 \fi
-    \else \char'22 \fi
-   \else
-     \relax`%
-   \fi
+  \ifusingtt
+      {\ifflagclear{txicodequotebacktick}%
+          {\ifflagclear{codequotebacktick}%
+              {\relax`}%
+              {\char"12 }}%
+          {\char"12 }}%
+      {\relax`}%
 }
 
 % Commands to set the quote options.
@@ -2750,7 +2725,7 @@ end
     \errmessage{Unknown @codequoteundirected value `\temp', must be on|off}%
   \fi\fi
 }
-%
+
 \parseargdef\codequotebacktick{%
   \def\temp{#1}%
   \ifx\temp\onword
@@ -2765,6 +2740,11 @@ end
   \fi\fi
 }
 
+% Turn them on by default
+\let\SETtxicodequoteundirected = t
+\let\SETtxicodequotebacktick = t
+
+
 % [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391, disable Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font.
 \def\noligaturesquoteleft{\relax\lq}
 
@@ -2779,15 +2759,16 @@ end
 \def\dosmartslant#1#2{%
   \ifusingtt
     {{\ttsl #2}\let\next=\relax}%
-    {\def\next{{#1#2}\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrection}}%
+    {\def\next{{#1#2}\smartitaliccorrection}}%
   \next
 }
 \def\smartslanted{\dosmartslant\sl}
 \def\smartitalic{\dosmartslant\it}
 
-% Output an italic correction unless \next (presumed to be the following
-% character) is such as not to need one.
-\def\smartitaliccorrection{%
+% Output an italic correction unless the following character is such as
+% not to need one.
+\def\smartitaliccorrection{\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrectionx}
+\def\smartitaliccorrectionx{%
   \ifx\next,%
   \else\ifx\next-%
   \else\ifx\next.%
@@ -2798,27 +2779,41 @@ end
   \aftersmartic
 }
 
-% Unconditional use \ttsl, and no ic.  @var is set to this for defuns.
-\def\ttslanted#1{{\ttsl #1}}
-
-% @cite is like \smartslanted except unconditionally use \sl.  We never want
-% ttsl for book titles, do we?
-\def\cite#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrection}
+% @cite unconditionally uses \sl with \smartitaliccorrection.
+\def\cite#1{{\sl #1}\smartitaliccorrection}
 
+% @var unconditionally uses \sl.  This gives consistency for
+% parameter names whether they are in @def, @table @code or a
+% regular paragraph.
+%  To get ttsl font for @var when used in code context, @set txicodevaristt.
+% The \null is to reset \spacefactor.
 \def\aftersmartic{}
 \def\var#1{%
   \let\saveaftersmartic = \aftersmartic
   \def\aftersmartic{\null\let\aftersmartic=\saveaftersmartic}%
-  \smartslanted{#1}%
+  %
+  \ifflagclear{txicodevaristt}%
+    {\def\varnext{{{\sl #1}}\smartitaliccorrection}}%
+    {\def\varnext{\smartslanted{#1}}}%
+  \varnext
 }
 
+% To be removed after next release
+\def\SETtxicodevaristt{}% @set txicodevaristt
+
 \let\i=\smartitalic
 \let\slanted=\smartslanted
 \let\dfn=\smartslanted
 \let\emph=\smartitalic
 
-% Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii.
-\def\r#1{{\rm #1}}              % roman font
+% @r for roman font, used for code comment
+\def\r#1{{%
+  \usenormaldash % get --, --- ligatures even if in @code
+  \defcharsdefault  % in case on def line
+  \rm #1}}
+{\catcode`-=\active \gdef\usenormaldash{\let-\normaldash}}
+
+% @sc, undocumented @ii.
 \def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}}       % smallcaps font
 \def\ii#1{{\it #1}}             % italic font
 
@@ -2829,12 +2824,8 @@ end
 % @sansserif, explicit sans.
 \def\sansserif#1{{\sf #1}}
 
-% We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at
-% the end of a paragraph.  Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the
-% group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called.
-%
-\def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1  \aftergroup\restorehyphenation}
-\def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- }
+\newif\iffrenchspacing
+\frenchspacingfalse
 
 % Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value.
 % Can't use plain's \frenchspacing because it uses the `\x notation, and
@@ -2842,21 +2833,45 @@ end
 %
 \catcode`@=11
   \def\plainfrenchspacing{%
-    \sfcode`\.=\@m \sfcode`\?=\@m \sfcode`\!=\@m
-    \sfcode`\:=\@m \sfcode`\;=\@m \sfcode`\,=\@m
-    \def\endofsentencespacefactor{1000}% for @. and friends
+    \iffrenchspacing\else
+      \frenchspacingtrue
+      \sfcode`\.=\@m \sfcode`\?=\@m \sfcode`\!=\@m
+      \sfcode`\:=\@m \sfcode`\;=\@m \sfcode`\,=\@m
+      \def\endofsentencespacefactor{1000}% for @. and friends
+    \fi
   }
   \def\plainnonfrenchspacing{%
-    \sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000
-    \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250
-    \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% for @. and friends
+    \iffrenchspacing
+      \frenchspacingfalse
+       \sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000
+       \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250
+       \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% for @. and friends
+    \fi
   }
 \catcode`@=\other
 \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% default
 
+% @frenchspacing on|off  says whether to put extra space after punctuation.
+%
+\def\onword{on}
+\def\offword{off}
+%
+\let\frenchspacingsetting\plainnonfrenchspacing % used in output routine
+\parseargdef\frenchspacing{%
+  \def\temp{#1}%
+  \ifx\temp\onword \let\frenchspacingsetting\plainfrenchspacing
+  \else\ifx\temp\offword \let\frenchspacingsetting\plainnonfrenchspacing
+  \else
+    \errhelp = \EMsimple
+    \errmessage{Unknown @frenchspacing option `\temp', must be on|off}%
+  \fi\fi
+  \frenchspacingsetting
+}
+
+
 % @t, explicit typewriter.
 \def\t#1{%
-  {\tt \plainfrenchspacing #1}%
+  {\tt \defcharsdefault \plainfrenchspacing #1}%
   \null
 }
 
@@ -2877,27 +2892,29 @@ end
     % Switch to typewriter.
     \tt
     %
-    % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
+    % `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
     \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}%
     %
-    % Turn off hyphenation.
-    \nohyphenation
-    %
     \plainfrenchspacing
     #1%
   }%
   \null % reset spacefactor to 1000
 }
 
-% We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in @code.
-% (But see \codedashfinish below.)
+% This is for LuaTeX: It is not sufficient to disable hyphenation at
+% explicit dashes by setting `\hyphenchar` to -1.
+\def\dashnobreak{%
+  \normaldash
+  \penalty 10000 }
+
+% We must turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in @code.
 % Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overfull hboxes
 % in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc.
+% We explicitly allow hyphenation at these characters
+% using \discretionary.
 %
-% Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control
-% both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words.
-% We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that)
-% and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash. -- rms.
+% Hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words was turned off
+% by default for the tt fonts using the \hyphenchar parameter of TeX.
 {
   \catcode`\-=\active \catcode`\_=\active
   \catcode`\'=\active \catcode`\`=\active
@@ -2910,13 +2927,9 @@ end
      \let-\codedash
      \let_\codeunder
     \else
-     \let-\normaldash
+     \let-\dashnobreak
      \let_\realunder
     \fi
-    % Given -foo (with a single dash), we do not want to allow a break
-    % after the hyphen.
-    \global\let\codedashprev=\codedash
-    %
     \codex
   }
   %
@@ -2926,21 +2939,30 @@ end
     %
     % Now, output a discretionary to allow a line break, unless
     % (a) the next character is a -, or
-    % (b) the preceding character is a -.
+    % (b) the preceding character is a -, or
+    % (c) we are at the start of the string.
+    % In both cases (b) and (c), \codedashnobreak should be set to \codedash.
+    %
     % E.g., given --posix, we do not want to allow a break after either -.
     % Given --foo-bar, we do want to allow a break between the - and the b.
     \ifx\next\codedash \else
-      \ifx\codedashprev\codedash
+      \ifx\codedashnobreak\codedash
       \else \discretionary{}{}{}\fi
     \fi
     % we need the space after the = for the case when \next itself is a
     % space token; it would get swallowed otherwise.  As in @code{- a}.
-    \global\let\codedashprev= \next
+    \global\let\codedashnobreak= \next
   }
 }
 \def\normaldash{-}
 %
-\def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup}
+\def\codex #1{\tclose{%
+  % Given -foo (with a single dash), we do not want to allow a break
+  % after the -.  \codedashnobreak is set to the first character in
+  % @code.
+  \futurelet\codedashnobreak\relax
+  #1%
+}\endgroup}
 
 \def\codeunder{%
   % this is all so @math{@code{var_name}+1} can work.  In math mode, _
@@ -3187,7 +3209,7 @@ end
 
 % definition of @key with no lozenge.
 %
-\def\key#1{{\setregularquotes \nohyphenation \tt #1}\null}
+\def\key#1{{\setregularquotes \tt #1}\null}
 
 % @clicksequence{File @click{} Open ...}
 \def\clicksequence#1{\begingroup #1\endgroup}
@@ -3390,8 +3412,8 @@ $$%
 \let\atchar=\@
 
 % @{ @} @lbracechar{} @rbracechar{} all generate brace characters.
-\def\lbracechar{{\ifmonospace\char123\else\ensuremath\lbrace\fi}}
-\def\rbracechar{{\ifmonospace\char125\else\ensuremath\rbrace\fi}}
+\def\lbracechar{{\ifusingtt{\char123}{\ensuremath\lbrace}}}
+\def\rbracechar{{\ifusingtt{\char125}{\ensuremath\rbrace}}}
 \let\{=\lbracechar
 \let\}=\rbracechar
 
@@ -3445,8 +3467,13 @@ $$%
        % Revert to plain's \scriptsize, which is 7pt.
        \count255=\the\fam $\fam\count255 \scriptstyle A$%
      \else
-       % For 11pt, we can use our lllsize.
-       \switchtolllsize A%
+       \ifx\curfontsize\smallword
+         % For footnotes and indices
+         \count255=\the\fam $\fam\count255 \scriptstyle A$%
+       \else
+         % For 11pt, we can use our lllsize.
+         \switchtolllsize A%
+       \fi
      \fi
      }%
      \vss
@@ -3454,6 +3481,7 @@ $$%
   \kern-.15em
   \TeX
 }
+\def\smallword{small}
 
 % Some math mode symbols.  Define \ensuremath to switch into math mode
 % unless we are already there.  Expansion tricks may not be needed here,
@@ -3532,7 +3560,7 @@ $$%
 
 % @pounds{} is a sterling sign, which Knuth put in the CM italic font.
 %
-\def\pounds{\ifmonospace{\ecfont\char"BF}\else{\it\$}\fi}
+\def\pounds{{\ifusingtt{\ecfont\char"BF}{\it\$}}}
 
 % @euro{} comes from a separate font, depending on the current style.
 % We use the free feym* fonts from the eurosym package by Henrik
@@ -3646,18 +3674,17 @@ $$%
   % hopefully nobody will notice/care.
   \edef\ecsize{\csname\curfontsize ecsize\endcsname}%
   \edef\nominalsize{\csname\curfontsize nominalsize\endcsname}%
-  \ifmonospace
-    % typewriter:
-    \font\thisecfont = #1ctt\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
-  \else
-    \ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename
-      % bold:
-      \font\thisecfont = #1cb\ifusingit{i}{x}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
-    \else
-      % regular:
-      \font\thisecfont = #1c\ifusingit{ti}{rm}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
-    \fi
-  \fi
+  \ifusingtt
+      % typewriter:
+     {\font\thisecfont = #1ctt\ecsize \space at \nominalsize}%
+  % else
+     {\ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename
+        % bold:
+        \font\thisecfont = #1cb\ifusingit{i}{x}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
+      \else
+        % regular:
+        \font\thisecfont = #1c\ifusingit{ti}{rm}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
+      \fi}%
   \thisecfont
 }
 
@@ -3673,7 +3700,10 @@ $$%
 
 % @textdegree - the normal degrees sign.
 %
-\def\textdegree{$^\circ$}
+\def\textdegree{%
+   \ifmmode ^\circ
+   \else {\tcfont \char 176}%
+   \fi}
 
 % Laurent Siebenmann reports \Orb undefined with:
 %  Textures 1.7.7 (preloaded format=plain 93.10.14)  (68K)  16 APR 2004 02:38
@@ -3690,11 +3720,11 @@ $$%
 % only change font for tt for correct kerning and to avoid using
 % \ecfont unless necessary.
 \def\quotedblleft{%
-  \ifmonospace{\ecfont\char"10}\else{\char"5C}\fi
+  \ifusingtt{{\ecfont\char"10}}{{\char"5C}}%
 }
 
 \def\quotedblright{%
-  \ifmonospace{\ecfont\char"11}\else{\char`\"}\fi
+  \ifusingtt{{\ecfont\char"11}}{{\char`\"}}%
 }
 
 
@@ -3719,13 +3749,14 @@ $$%
               want the contents after the title page.}}%
 
 \parseargdef\shorttitlepage{%
-  \begingroup \hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
-  \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}
+  {\headingsoff \begingroup \hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
+  \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}\pageone}
 
 \envdef\titlepage{%
   % Open one extra group, as we want to close it in the middle of \Etitlepage.
   \begingroup
     \parindent=0pt \textfonts
+    \headingsoff
     % Leave some space at the very top of the page.
     \vglue\titlepagetopglue
     % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title.
@@ -3753,11 +3784,9 @@ $$%
     % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page
     % after the title page, which we certainly don't want.
     \oldpage
+    \pageone
   \endgroup
   %
-  % Need this before the \...aftertitlepage checks so that if they are
-  % in effect the toc pages will come out with page numbers.
-  \HEADINGSon
 }
 
 \def\finishtitlepage{%
@@ -3824,15 +3853,16 @@ $$%
 \newtoks\oddfootline     % footline on odd pages
 
 % Now make \makeheadline and \makefootline in Plain TeX use those variables
-\headline={{\textfonts\rm
+\headline={{\textfonts\rm\frenchspacingsetting
             \ifchapterpage
               \ifodd\pageno\the\oddchapheadline\else\the\evenchapheadline\fi
             \else
               \ifodd\pageno\the\oddheadline\else\the\evenheadline\fi
             \fi}}
 
-\footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline
-                            \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook}
+\footline={{\textfonts\rm\frenchspacingsetting
+            \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline \else \the\evenfootline \fi}%
+           \HEADINGShook}
 \let\HEADINGShook=\relax
 
 % Commands to set those variables.
@@ -3925,46 +3955,37 @@ $$%
 }
 
 \def\HEADINGSoff{{\globaldefs=1 \headingsoff}} % global setting
-\HEADINGSoff  % it's the default
 
-% When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1.
+% Set the page number to 1.
 \def\pageone{
   \global\pageno=1
   \global\arabiccount = \pagecount
 }
 
+\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
+
+% \def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble} % defined by \CHAPPAGon
+
 % For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner,
 % chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document
 % title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top
 % edge of all pages.
-\def\HEADINGSdouble{%
-\pageone
-\HEADINGSdoublex
-}
-\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
-
-% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
-% page number on top right.
-\def\HEADINGSsingle{%
-\pageone
-\HEADINGSsinglex
-}
-\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}
-
-\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex}
+\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdouble}
 \let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter
-\def\HEADINGSdoublex{%
+\def\HEADINGSdouble{%
 \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
 \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
 \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
 \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\evenchapheadline={\line{\folio\hfil}}
+\global\evenchapheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
 \global\oddchapheadline={\line{\hfil\folio}}
 \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
 }
 
-\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex}
-\def\HEADINGSsinglex{%
+% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
+% page number on top right.
+\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsingle}
+\def\HEADINGSsingle{%
 \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
 \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
 \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
@@ -3976,7 +3997,6 @@ $$%
 
 % for @setchapternewpage off
 \def\HEADINGSsinglechapoff{%
-\pageone
 \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
 \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
 \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
@@ -4346,8 +4366,7 @@ $$%
 % undo it ourselves.
 \def\headitemfont{\b}% for people to use in the template row; not changeable
 \def\headitem{%
-  \checkenv\multitable
-  \crcr
+  \crcr % must appear first
   \gdef\headitemcrhook{\nobreak}% attempt to avoid page break after headings
   \global\everytab={\bf}% can't use \headitemfont since the parsing differs
   \the\everytab % for the first item
@@ -4772,21 +4791,6 @@ $$%
 \def\docodeindexxxx #1{\docind{\indexname}{#1}}
 
 
-% Used for the aux, toc and index files to prevent expansion of Texinfo
-% commands.
-%
-\def\atdummies{%
-  \definedummyletter\@%
-  \definedummyletter\ %
-  \definedummyletter\{%
-  \definedummyletter\}%
-  \definedummyletter\&%
-  %
-  % Do the redefinitions.
-  \definedummies
-  \otherbackslash
-}
-
 % \definedummyword defines \#1 as \string\#1\space, thus effectively
 % preventing its expansion.  This is used only for control words,
 % not control letters, because the \space would be incorrect for
@@ -4802,110 +4806,91 @@ $$%
 %
 \def\definedummyword  #1{\def#1{\string#1\space}}%
 \def\definedummyletter#1{\def#1{\string#1}}%
-\let\definedummyaccent\definedummyletter
 
-% Called from \atdummies to prevent the expansion of commands.
+% Used for the aux, toc and index files to prevent expansion of Texinfo
+% commands.  Most of the commands are controlled through the
+% \ifdummies conditional.
 %
-\def\definedummies{%
+\def\atdummies{%
+  \dummiestrue
   %
-  \let\commondummyword\definedummyword
-  \let\commondummyletter\definedummyletter
-  \let\commondummyaccent\definedummyaccent
-  \commondummiesnofonts
+  \definedummyletter\@%
+  \definedummyletter\ %
+  \definedummyletter\{%
+  \definedummyletter\}%
+  \definedummyletter\&%
   %
   \definedummyletter\_%
   \definedummyletter\-%
   %
-  % Non-English letters.
-  \definedummyword\AA
-  \definedummyword\AE
-  \definedummyword\DH
-  \definedummyword\L
-  \definedummyword\O
-  \definedummyword\OE
-  \definedummyword\TH
-  \definedummyword\aa
-  \definedummyword\ae
-  \definedummyword\dh
-  \definedummyword\exclamdown
-  \definedummyword\l
-  \definedummyword\o
-  \definedummyword\oe
-  \definedummyword\ordf
-  \definedummyword\ordm
-  \definedummyword\questiondown
-  \definedummyword\ss
-  \definedummyword\th
-  %
-  % Although these internal commands shouldn't show up, sometimes they do.
-  \definedummyword\bf
-  \definedummyword\gtr
-  \definedummyword\hat
-  \definedummyword\less
-  \definedummyword\sf
-  \definedummyword\sl
-  \definedummyword\tclose
-  \definedummyword\tt
-  %
-  \definedummyword\LaTeX
-  \definedummyword\TeX
-  %
-  % Assorted special characters.
-  \definedummyword\ampchar
-  \definedummyword\atchar
-  \definedummyword\arrow
-  \definedummyword\backslashchar
-  \definedummyword\bullet
-  \definedummyword\comma
-  \definedummyword\copyright
-  \definedummyword\registeredsymbol
-  \definedummyword\dots
-  \definedummyword\enddots
-  \definedummyword\entrybreak
-  \definedummyword\equiv
-  \definedummyword\error
-  \definedummyword\euro
-  \definedummyword\expansion
-  \definedummyword\geq
-  \definedummyword\guillemetleft
-  \definedummyword\guillemetright
-  \definedummyword\guilsinglleft
-  \definedummyword\guilsinglright
-  \definedummyword\lbracechar
-  \definedummyword\leq
-  \definedummyword\mathopsup
-  \definedummyword\minus
-  \definedummyword\ogonek
-  \definedummyword\pounds
-  \definedummyword\point
-  \definedummyword\print
-  \definedummyword\quotedblbase
-  \definedummyword\quotedblleft
-  \definedummyword\quotedblright
-  \definedummyword\quoteleft
-  \definedummyword\quoteright
-  \definedummyword\quotesinglbase
-  \definedummyword\rbracechar
-  \definedummyword\result
-  \definedummyword\sub
-  \definedummyword\sup
-  \definedummyword\textdegree
-  %
   \definedummyword\subentry
   %
   % We want to disable all macros so that they are not expanded by \write.
+  \let\commondummyword\definedummyword
   \macrolist
   \let\value\dummyvalue
   %
-  \normalturnoffactive
-}
-
-% \commondummiesnofonts: common to \definedummies and \indexnofonts.
-% Define \commondummyletter, \commondummyaccent and \commondummyword before
-% using.  Used for accents, font commands, and various control letters.
-%
-\def\commondummiesnofonts{%
-  % Control letters and accents.
+  \turnoffactive
+}
+
+\newif\ifdummies
+\newif\ifindexnofonts
+
+\def\commondummyletter#1{%
+  \expandafter\let\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname#1%
+  \edef#1{%
+    \noexpand\ifindexnofonts
+      % empty expansion
+    \noexpand\else
+      \noexpand\ifdummies\string#1%
+      \noexpand\else
+        \noexpand\jumptwofi % dispose of the \fi
+        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname
+      \noexpand\fi
+    \noexpand\fi}%
+}
+
+\def\commondummyaccent#1{%
+  \expandafter\let\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname#1%
+  \edef#1{%
+    \noexpand\ifindexnofonts
+      \noexpand\expandafter % dispose of \else ... \fi
+      \noexpand\asis
+    \noexpand\else
+      \noexpand\ifdummies\string#1%
+      \noexpand\else
+        \noexpand\jumptwofi % dispose of the \fi
+        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname
+      \noexpand\fi
+    \noexpand\fi}%
+}
+
+% Like \commondummyaccent but add a \space at the end of the dummy expansion
+% #2 is the expansion used for \indexnofonts.  #2 is always followed by
+% \asis to remove a pair of following braces.
+\def\commondummyword#1#2{%
+  \expandafter\let\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname#1%
+  \expandafter\def\csname\string#1:ixnf\endcsname{#2\asis}%
+  \edef#1{%
+    \noexpand\ifindexnofonts
+      \noexpand\expandafter % dispose of \else ... \fi
+      \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:ixnf\endcsname
+    \noexpand\else
+      \noexpand\ifdummies\string#1\space
+      \noexpand\else
+        \noexpand\jumptwofi % dispose of the \fi \fi
+        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname
+      \noexpand\fi
+    \noexpand\fi}%
+}
+\def\jumptwofi#1\fi\fi{\fi\fi#1}
+
+% For \atdummies and \indexnofonts.  \atdummies sets
+% \dummiestrue and \indexnofonts sets \indexnofontstrue.
+\def\definedummies{
+  % @-sign is always an escape character when reading auxiliary files
+  \escapechar = `\@
+  %
   \commondummyletter\!%
   \commondummyaccent\"%
   \commondummyaccent\'%
@@ -4919,58 +4904,123 @@ $$%
   \commondummyaccent\^%
   \commondummyaccent\`%
   \commondummyaccent\~%
-  \commondummyword\u
-  \commondummyword\v
-  \commondummyword\H
-  \commondummyword\dotaccent
-  \commondummyword\ogonek
-  \commondummyword\ringaccent
-  \commondummyword\tieaccent
-  \commondummyword\ubaraccent
-  \commondummyword\udotaccent
-  \commondummyword\dotless
+  %
+  % Control letters and accents.
+  \commondummyword\u          {}%
+  \commondummyword\v          {}%
+  \commondummyword\H          {}%
+  \commondummyword\dotaccent  {}%
+  \commondummyword\ogonek     {}%
+  \commondummyword\ringaccent {}%
+  \commondummyword\tieaccent  {}%
+  \commondummyword\ubaraccent {}%
+  \commondummyword\udotaccent {}%
+  \commondummyword\dotless    {}%
   %
   % Texinfo font commands.
-  \commondummyword\b
-  \commondummyword\i
-  \commondummyword\r
-  \commondummyword\sansserif
-  \commondummyword\sc
-  \commondummyword\slanted
-  \commondummyword\t
+  \commondummyword\b          {}%
+  \commondummyword\i          {}%
+  \commondummyword\r          {}%
+  \commondummyword\sansserif  {}%
+  \commondummyword\sc         {}%
+  \commondummyword\slanted    {}%
+  \commondummyword\t          {}%
   %
   % Commands that take arguments.
-  \commondummyword\abbr
-  \commondummyword\acronym
-  \commondummyword\anchor
-  \commondummyword\cite
-  \commondummyword\code
-  \commondummyword\command
-  \commondummyword\dfn
-  \commondummyword\dmn
-  \commondummyword\email
-  \commondummyword\emph
-  \commondummyword\env
-  \commondummyword\file
-  \commondummyword\image
-  \commondummyword\indicateurl
-  \commondummyword\inforef
-  \commondummyword\kbd
-  \commondummyword\key
-  \commondummyword\math
-  \commondummyword\option
-  \commondummyword\pxref
-  \commondummyword\ref
-  \commondummyword\samp
-  \commondummyword\strong
-  \commondummyword\tie
-  \commondummyword\U
-  \commondummyword\uref
-  \commondummyword\url
-  \commondummyword\var
-  \commondummyword\verb
-  \commondummyword\w
-  \commondummyword\xref
+  \commondummyword\abbr       {}%
+  \commondummyword\acronym    {}%
+  \commondummyword\anchor     {}%
+  \commondummyword\cite       {}%
+  \commondummyword\code       {}%
+  \commondummyword\command    {}%
+  \commondummyword\dfn        {}%
+  \commondummyword\dmn        {}%
+  \commondummyword\email      {}%
+  \commondummyword\emph       {}%
+  \commondummyword\env        {}%
+  \commondummyword\file       {}%
+  \commondummyword\image      {}%
+  \commondummyword\indicateurl{}%
+  \commondummyword\inforef    {}%
+  \commondummyword\kbd        {}%
+  \commondummyword\key        {}%
+  \commondummyword\math       {}%
+  \commondummyword\option     {}%
+  \commondummyword\pxref      {}%
+  \commondummyword\ref        {}%
+  \commondummyword\samp       {}%
+  \commondummyword\strong     {}%
+  \commondummyword\tie        {}%
+  \commondummyword\U          {}%
+  \commondummyword\uref       {}%
+  \commondummyword\url        {}%
+  \commondummyword\var        {}%
+  \commondummyword\verb       {}%
+  \commondummyword\w          {}%
+  \commondummyword\xref       {}%
+  %
+  \commondummyword\AA               {AA}%
+  \commondummyword\AE               {AE}%
+  \commondummyword\DH               {DZZ}%
+  \commondummyword\L                {L}%
+  \commondummyword\O                {O}%
+  \commondummyword\OE               {OE}%
+  \commondummyword\TH               {TH}%
+  \commondummyword\aa               {aa}%
+  \commondummyword\ae               {ae}%
+  \commondummyword\dh               {dzz}%
+  \commondummyword\exclamdown       {!}%
+  \commondummyword\l                {l}%
+  \commondummyword\o                {o}%
+  \commondummyword\oe               {oe}%
+  \commondummyword\ordf             {a}%
+  \commondummyword\ordm             {o}%
+  \commondummyword\questiondown     {?}%
+  \commondummyword\ss               {ss}%
+  \commondummyword\th               {th}%
+  %
+  \commondummyword\LaTeX            {LaTeX}%
+  \commondummyword\TeX              {TeX}%
+  %
+  % Assorted special characters.
+  \commondummyword\ampchar          {\normalamp}%
+  \commondummyword\atchar           {\@}%
+  \commondummyword\arrow            {->}%
+  \commondummyword\backslashchar    {\realbackslash}%
+  \commondummyword\bullet           {bullet}%
+  \commondummyword\comma            {,}%
+  \commondummyword\copyright        {copyright}%
+  \commondummyword\dots             {...}%
+  \commondummyword\enddots          {...}%
+  \commondummyword\entrybreak       {}%
+  \commondummyword\equiv            {===}%
+  \commondummyword\error            {error}%
+  \commondummyword\euro             {euro}%
+  \commondummyword\expansion        {==>}%
+  \commondummyword\geq              {>=}%
+  \commondummyword\guillemetleft    {<<}%
+  \commondummyword\guillemetright   {>>}%
+  \commondummyword\guilsinglleft    {<}%
+  \commondummyword\guilsinglright   {>}%
+  \commondummyword\lbracechar       {\{}%
+  \commondummyword\leq              {<=}%
+  \commondummyword\mathopsup        {sup}%
+  \commondummyword\minus            {-}%
+  \commondummyword\pounds           {pounds}%
+  \commondummyword\point            {.}%
+  \commondummyword\print            {-|}%
+  \commondummyword\quotedblbase     {"}%
+  \commondummyword\quotedblleft     {"}%
+  \commondummyword\quotedblright    {"}%
+  \commondummyword\quoteleft        {`}%
+  \commondummyword\quoteright       {'}%
+  \commondummyword\quotesinglbase   {,}%
+  \commondummyword\rbracechar       {\}}%
+  \commondummyword\registeredsymbol {R}%
+  \commondummyword\result           {=>}%
+  \commondummyword\sub              {}%
+  \commondummyword\sup              {}%
+  \commondummyword\textdegree       {o}%
 }
 
 \let\indexlbrace\relax
@@ -4988,25 +5038,24 @@ $$%
 \catcode`\-=13
 \catcode`\`=13
   \gdef\indexnonalnumdisappear{%
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexlquoteignore\endcsname\relax\else
+    \ifflagclear{txiindexlquoteignore}{}{%
       % @set txiindexlquoteignore makes us ignore left quotes in the sort term.
       % (Introduced for FSFS 2nd ed.)
       \let`=\empty
-    \fi
+    }%
     %
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexbackslashignore\endcsname\relax\else
+    \ifflagclear{txiindexbackslashignore}{}{%
       \backslashdisappear
-    \fi
-    %
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexhyphenignore\endcsname\relax\else
+    }%
+    \ifflagclear{txiindexhyphenignore}{}{%
       \def-{}%
-    \fi
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexlessthanignore\endcsname\relax\else
+    }%
+    \ifflagclear{txiindexlessthanignore}{}{%
       \def<{}%
-    \fi
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexatsignignore\endcsname\relax\else
+    }%
+    \ifflagclear{txiindexatsignignore}{}{%
       \def\@{}%
-    \fi
+    }%
   }
 
   \gdef\indexnonalnumreappear{%
@@ -5022,18 +5071,7 @@ $$%
 % would be for a given command (usually its argument).
 %
 \def\indexnofonts{%
-  % Accent commands should become @asis.
-  \def\commondummyaccent##1{\let##1\asis}%
-  % We can just ignore other control letters.
-  \def\commondummyletter##1{\let##1\empty}%
-  % All control words become @asis by default; overrides below.
-  \let\commondummyword\commondummyaccent
-  \commondummiesnofonts
-  %
-  % Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command
-  % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |, etc.
-  % Likewise with the other plain tex font commands.
-  %\let\tt=\asis
+  \indexnofontstrue
   %
   \def\ { }%
   \def\@{@}%
@@ -5045,84 +5083,19 @@ $$%
   \let\lbracechar\{%
   \let\rbracechar\}%
   %
-  % Non-English letters.
-  \def\AA{AA}%
-  \def\AE{AE}%
-  \def\DH{DZZ}%
-  \def\L{L}%
-  \def\OE{OE}%
-  \def\O{O}%
-  \def\TH{TH}%
-  \def\aa{aa}%
-  \def\ae{ae}%
-  \def\dh{dzz}%
-  \def\exclamdown{!}%
-  \def\l{l}%
-  \def\oe{oe}%
-  \def\ordf{a}%
-  \def\ordm{o}%
-  \def\o{o}%
-  \def\questiondown{?}%
-  \def\ss{ss}%
-  \def\th{th}%
-  %
-  \let\do\indexnofontsdef
-  %
-  \do\LaTeX{LaTeX}%
-  \do\TeX{TeX}%
-  %
-  % Assorted special characters.
-  \do\atchar{@}%
-  \do\arrow{->}%
-  \do\bullet{bullet}%
-  \do\comma{,}%
-  \do\copyright{copyright}%
-  \do\dots{...}%
-  \do\enddots{...}%
-  \do\equiv{==}%
-  \do\error{error}%
-  \do\euro{euro}%
-  \do\expansion{==>}%
-  \do\geq{>=}%
-  \do\guillemetleft{<<}%
-  \do\guillemetright{>>}%
-  \do\guilsinglleft{<}%
-  \do\guilsinglright{>}%
-  \do\leq{<=}%
-  \do\lbracechar{\{}%
-  \do\minus{-}%
-  \do\point{.}%
-  \do\pounds{pounds}%
-  \do\print{-|}%
-  \do\quotedblbase{"}%
-  \do\quotedblleft{"}%
-  \do\quotedblright{"}%
-  \do\quoteleft{`}%
-  \do\quoteright{'}%
-  \do\quotesinglbase{,}%
-  \do\rbracechar{\}}%
-  \do\registeredsymbol{R}%
-  \do\result{=>}%
-  \do\textdegree{o}%
   %
   % We need to get rid of all macros, leaving only the arguments (if present).
   % Of course this is not nearly correct, but it is the best we can do for now.
-  % makeinfo does not expand macros in the argument to @deffn, which ends up
-  % writing an index entry, and texindex isn't prepared for an index sort entry
-  % that starts with \.
   %
   % Since macro invocations are followed by braces, we can just redefine them
   % to take a single TeX argument.  The case of a macro invocation that
   % goes to end-of-line is not handled.
   %
+  \def\commondummyword##1{\let##1\asis}%
   \macrolist
   \let\value\indexnofontsvalue
 }
 
-% Give the control sequence a definition that removes the {} that follows
-% its use, e.g. @AA{} -> AA
-\def\indexnofontsdef#1#2{\def#1##1{#2}}%
-
 
 
 
@@ -5253,7 +5226,10 @@ $$%
         \xdef\trimmed{\segment}%
         \xdef\trimmed{\expandafter\eatspaces\expandafter{\trimmed}}%
         \xdef\indexsortkey{\trimmed}%
-        \ifx\indexsortkey\empty\xdef\indexsortkey{ }\fi
+        \ifx\indexsortkey\empty
+          \message{Empty index sort key near line \the\inputlineno}%
+          \xdef\indexsortkey{ }%
+        \fi
       }\fi
       %
       % Append to \fullindexsortkey.
@@ -5298,9 +5274,7 @@ $$%
   %
   \atdummies
   %
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexescapeisbackslash\endcsname\relax\else
-    \escapeisbackslash
-  \fi
+  \ifflagclear{txiindexescapeisbackslash}{}{\escapeisbackslash}%
   %
   % For texindex which always views { and } as separators.
   \def\{{\lbracechar{}}%
@@ -5484,9 +5458,9 @@ $$%
 % old index files using \ as the escape character.  Reading this would
 % at best lead to typesetting garbage, at worst a TeX syntax error.
 \def\printindexzz#1#2\finish{%
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexescapeisbackslash\endcsname\relax
+  \ifflagclear{txiindexescapeisbackslash}{%
     \uccode`\~=`\\ \uppercase{\if\noexpand~}\noexpand#1
-      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiskipindexfileswithbackslash\endcsname\relax
+      \ifflagclear{txiskipindexfileswithbackslash}{%
 \errmessage{%
 ERROR: A sorted index file in an obsolete format was skipped.
 To fix this problem, please upgrade your version of 'texi2dvi'
@@ -5502,15 +5476,15 @@ this, Texinfo will try to use index files in the old format.
 If you continue to have problems, deleting the index files and starting again
 might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 }%
-      \else
+      }{%
         (Skipped sorted index file in obsolete format)
-      \fi
+      }%
     \else
       \begindoublecolumns
       \input \jobname.\indexname s
       \enddoublecolumns
     \fi
-  \else
+  }{%
     \begindoublecolumns
     \catcode`\\=0\relax
     %
@@ -5520,7 +5494,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
     \catcode`\@=0\relax
     \input \jobname.\indexname s
     \enddoublecolumns
-  \fi
+  }%
 }
 
 % These macros are used by the sorted index file itself.
@@ -5595,6 +5569,11 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \newdimen\entryrightmargin
 \entryrightmargin=0pt
 
+% for PDF output, whether to make the text of the entry a link to the page
+% number.  set for @contents and @shortcontents where there is only one
+% page number.
+\newif\iflinkentrytext
+
 % \entry typesets a paragraph consisting of the text (#1), dot leaders, and
 % then page number (#2) flushed to the right margin.  It is used for index
 % and table of contents entries.  The paragraph is indented by \leftskip.
@@ -5621,7 +5600,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 }
 \def\entrybreak{\unskip\space\ignorespaces}%
 \def\doentry{%
-    % Save the text of the entry
+    % Save the text of the entry in \boxA
     \global\setbox\boxA=\hbox\bgroup
     \bgroup % Instead of the swallowed brace.
       \noindent
@@ -5631,12 +5610,21 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
       % with catcodes occurring.
 }
 {\catcode`\@=11
+% #1 is the page number
 \gdef\finishentry#1{%
-    \egroup % end box A
+    \egroup % end \boxA
     \dimen@ = \wd\boxA % Length of text of entry
+    % add any leaders and page number to \boxA.
     \global\setbox\boxA=\hbox\bgroup
-      \unhbox\boxA
-      % #1 is the page number.
+      \ifpdforxetex
+        \iflinkentrytext
+          \pdflinkpage{#1}{\unhbox\boxA}%
+        \else
+          \unhbox\boxA
+        \fi
+      \else
+        \unhbox\boxA
+      \fi
       %
       % Get the width of the page numbers, and only use
       % leaders if they are present.
@@ -5655,6 +5643,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
         \fi
       \fi
     \egroup % end \boxA
+    %
+    % now output
     \ifdim\wd\boxB = 0pt
       \noindent\unhbox\boxA\par
       \nobreak
@@ -6354,7 +6344,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   \fi
 }
 
-\parseargdef\setchapternewpage{\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname}
+\parseargdef\setchapternewpage{\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname\HEADINGSon}
 
 \def\CHAPPAGoff{%
 \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
@@ -6371,7 +6361,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage
 \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}}
 
-\CHAPPAGon
+\setchapternewpage on
 
 % \chapmacro - Chapter opening.
 %
@@ -6384,6 +6374,16 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \def\Yappendixkeyword{Yappendix}
 \def\Yomitfromtockeyword{Yomitfromtoc}
 %
+%
+% Definitions for @thischapter. These can be overridden in translation
+% files.
+\def\thischapterAppendix{%
+  \putwordAppendix{} \thischapternum: \thischaptername}
+
+\def\thischapterChapter{%
+  \putwordChapter{} \thischapternum: \thischaptername}
+%
+%
 \def\chapmacro#1#2#3{%
   \expandafter\ifx\thisenv\titlepage\else
     \checkenv{}% chapters, etc., should not start inside an environment.
@@ -6406,22 +6406,14 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
     \xdef\currentchapterdefs{%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischaptername{\the\toks0}%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischapternum{\appendixletter}%
-      % \noexpand\putwordAppendix avoids expanding indigestible
-      % commands in some of the translations.
-      \gdef\noexpand\thischapter{\noexpand\putwordAppendix{}
-                                 \noexpand\thischapternum:
-                                 \noexpand\thischaptername}%
+      \let\noexpand\thischapter\noexpand\thischapterAppendix
     }%
   \else
     \toks0={#1}%
     \xdef\currentchapterdefs{%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischaptername{\the\toks0}%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischapternum{\the\chapno}%
-      % \noexpand\putwordChapter avoids expanding indigestible
-      % commands in some of the translations.
-      \gdef\noexpand\thischapter{\noexpand\putwordChapter{}
-                                 \noexpand\thischapternum:
-                                 \noexpand\thischaptername}%
+      \let\noexpand\thischapter\noexpand\thischapterChapter
     }%
   \fi\fi\fi
   %
@@ -6507,6 +6499,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \def\subsubsecheadingskip{\subsecheadingskip}
 \def\subsubsecheadingbreak{\subsecheadingbreak}
 
+% Definition for @thissection. This can be overridden in translation
+% files.
+\def\thissectionDef{%
+  \putwordSection{} \thissectionnum: \thissectionname}
+%
+
 
 % Print any size, any type, section title.
 %
@@ -6548,11 +6546,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
         \xdef\currentsectiondefs{%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionname{\the\toks0}%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionnum{#4}%
-          % \noexpand\putwordSection avoids expanding indigestible
-          % commands in some of the translations.
-          \gdef\noexpand\thissection{\noexpand\putwordSection{}
-                                     \noexpand\thissectionnum:
-                                     \noexpand\thissectionname}%
+          \let\noexpand\thissection\noexpand\thissectionDef
         }%
       \fi
     \else
@@ -6561,11 +6555,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
         \xdef\currentsectiondefs{%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionname{\the\toks0}%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionnum{#4}%
-          % \noexpand\putwordSection avoids expanding indigestible
-          % commands in some of the translations.
-          \gdef\noexpand\thissection{\noexpand\putwordSection{}
-                                     \noexpand\thissectionnum:
-                                     \noexpand\thissectionname}%
+          \let\noexpand\thissection\noexpand\thissectionDef
         }%
       \fi
     \fi\fi\fi
@@ -6751,8 +6741,14 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
     \def\thistitle{}% no title in double-sided headings
     % Record where the Roman numerals started.
     \ifnum\romancount=0 \global\romancount=\pagecount \fi
+    \linkentrytexttrue
 }
 
+% \raggedbottom in plain.tex hardcodes \topskip so override it
+\catcode`\@=11
+\def\raggedbottom{\advance\topskip by 0pt plus60pt \r@ggedbottomtrue}
+\catcode`\@=\other
+
 % redefined for the two-volume lispref.  We always output on
 % \jobname.toc even if this is redefined.
 %
@@ -6873,7 +6869,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 % Chapters, in the short toc.
 % See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings.
 \def\shortchapentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}%
+  \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{#4}%
 }
 
 % Appendices, in the main contents.
@@ -6888,7 +6884,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 
 % Unnumbered chapters.
 \def\unnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#1}{#4}}
-\def\shortunnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}}
+\def\shortunnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\tocentry{#1}{#4}}
 
 % Sections.
 \def\numsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
@@ -6920,24 +6916,24 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
      % Move the page numbers slightly to the right
      \advance\entryrightmargin by -0.05em
      \chapentryfonts
-     \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
+     \tocentry{#1}{#2}%
    \endgroup
    \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip
 }
 
 \def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{#2}%
 \endgroup}
 
 \def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{#2}%
 \endgroup}
 
 \def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{#2}%
 \endgroup}
 
 % We use the same \entry macro as for the index entries.
@@ -6946,9 +6942,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 % Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title.
 \def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax}
 
-\def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}}
-\def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}}
-
 \def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm}
 \def\secentryfonts{\textfonts}
 \def\subsecentryfonts{\textfonts}
@@ -7093,19 +7086,25 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner
 \newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip
 
-
-\envdef\cartouche{%
+\envparseargdef\cartouche{%
   \cartouchefontdefs
   \ifhmode\par\fi  % can't be in the midst of a paragraph.
   \startsavinginserts
   \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip
   \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt % we want these *outside*.
+  %
+  % Set paragraph width for text inside cartouche.  There are
+  % left and right margins of 3pt each plus two vrules 0.4pt each.
   \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip
   \advance\cartinner by-\rskip
+  \advance\cartinner by -6.8pt
+  %
+  % For drawing top and bottom of cartouche.  Each corner char
+  % adds 6pt and we take off the width of a rule to line up with the
+  % right boundary perfectly.
   \cartouter=\hsize
-  \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt	% allow for 3pt kerns on either
-				% side, and for 6pt waste from
-				% each corner char, and rule thickness
+  \advance\cartouter by 11.6pt
+  %
   \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip
   %
   % If this cartouche directly follows a sectioning command, we need the
@@ -7113,20 +7112,23 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   % collide with the section heading.
   \ifnum\lastpenalty>10000 \vskip\parskip \penalty\lastpenalty \fi
   %
-  \setbox\groupbox=\vbox\bgroup
+  \setbox\groupbox=\vtop\bgroup
       \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt
       \carttop
       \hbox\bgroup
-	  \hskip\lskip
-	  \vrule\kern3pt
-	  \vbox\bgroup
-	      \kern3pt
-	      \hsize=\cartinner
-	      \baselineskip=\normbskip
-	      \lineskip=\normlskip
-	      \parskip=\normpskip
-	      \vskip -\parskip
-	      \comment % For explanation, see the end of def\group.
+          \hskip\lskip
+          \vrule\kern3pt
+          \vbox\bgroup
+              \hsize=\cartinner
+              \baselineskip=\normbskip
+              \lineskip=\normlskip
+              \parskip=\normpskip
+              \def\arg{#1}%
+              \ifx\arg\empty\else
+                \centerV{\hfil \bf #1 \hfil}%
+              \fi
+              \kern3pt
+              \vskip -\parskip
 }
 \def\Ecartouche{%
               \ifhmode\par\fi
@@ -7280,22 +7282,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 }
 \let\Eraggedright\par
 
-\envdef\raggedleft{%
-  \parindent=0pt \leftskip0pt plus2em
-  \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em \parfillskip=0pt
-  \hbadness=10000 % Last line will usually be underfull, so turn off
-                  % badness reporting.
-}
-\let\Eraggedleft\par
-
-\envdef\raggedcenter{%
-  \parindent=0pt \rightskip0pt plus1em \leftskip0pt plus1em
-  \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em \parfillskip=0pt
-  \hbadness=10000 % Last line will usually be underfull, so turn off
-                  % badness reporting.
-}
-\let\Eraggedcenter\par
-
 
 % @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart)
 % and narrows the margins.  We keep \parskip nonzero in general, since
@@ -7393,8 +7379,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \endgroup
 %
 \def\setupverb{%
-  \tt  % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
+  \tt
   \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}%
+  \parindent = 0pt
   \setcodequotes
   \tabeightspaces
   % Respect line breaks,
@@ -7518,9 +7505,11 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 % file; b) letting users define the frontmatter in as flexible order as
 % possible is desirable.
 %
-\def\copying{\checkenv{}\begingroup\scanargctxt\docopying}
-\def\docopying#1@end copying{\endgroup\def\copyingtext{#1}}
-%
+\def\copying{\checkenv{}\begingroup\macrobodyctxt\docopying}
+{\catcode`\ =\other
+\gdef\docopying#1@end copying{\endgroup\def\copyingtext{#1}}
+}
+
 \def\insertcopying{%
   \begingroup
     \parindent = 0pt  % paragraph indentation looks wrong on title page
@@ -7568,32 +7557,28 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
 }
 
-\def\dodefunx#1{%
-  % First, check whether we are in the right environment:
-  \checkenv#1%
-  %
-  % As above, allow line break if we have multiple x headers in a row.
-  % It's not a great place, though.
-  \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty3000 \else \defunpenalty=10002 \fi
-  %
-  % And now, it's time to reuse the body of the original defun:
-  \expandafter\gobbledefun#1%
-}
-\def\gobbledefun#1\startdefun{}
+\newtoks\defidx
+\newtoks\deftext
+
+\def\useindex#1{\global\defidx={#1}\ignorespaces}
 
-% \printdefunline \deffnheader{text}
+% Called as \printdefunline \deffooheader{text}
 %
 \def\printdefunline#1#2{%
   \begingroup
     \plainfrenchspacing
-    % call \deffnheader:
+    % call \deffooheader:
     #1#2 \endheader
+    % create the index entry
+    \defcharsdefault
+    \edef\temp{\noexpand\doind{\the\defidx}{\the\deftext}}%
+    \temp
     % common ending:
     \interlinepenalty = 10000
     \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil\relax
     \endgraf
     \nobreak\vskip -\parskip
-    \penalty\defunpenalty  % signal to \startdefun and \dodefunx
+    \penalty\defunpenalty  % signal to \startdefun and \deffoox
     % Some of the @defun-type tags do not enable magic parentheses,
     % rendering the following check redundant.  But we don't optimize.
     \checkparencounts
@@ -7602,29 +7587,33 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 
 \def\Edefun{\endgraf\medbreak}
 
-% \makedefun{deffn} creates \deffn, \deffnx and \Edeffn;
-% the only thing remaining is to define \deffnheader.
+% \makedefun{deffoo} (\deffooheader parameters) { (\deffooheader expansion) }
 %
+% Define \deffoo, \deffoox  \Edeffoo and \deffooheader.
 \def\makedefun#1{%
   \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname = \Edefun
   \edef\temp{\noexpand\domakedefun
     \makecsname{#1}\makecsname{#1x}\makecsname{#1header}}%
   \temp
 }
-
-% \domakedefun \deffn \deffnx \deffnheader { (defn. of \deffnheader) }
-%
-% Define \deffn and \deffnx, without parameters.
-% \deffnheader has to be defined explicitly.
-%
 \def\domakedefun#1#2#3{%
   \envdef#1{%
     \startdefun
     \doingtypefnfalse    % distinguish typed functions from all else
     \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline#3}%
   }%
-  \def#2{\dodefunx#1}%
-  \def#3%
+  \def#2{%
+    % First, check whether we are in the right environment:
+    \checkenv#1%
+    %
+    % As in \startdefun, allow line break if we have multiple x headers
+    % in a row.  It's not a great place, though.
+    \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty3000 \else \defunpenalty=10002 \fi
+    %
+    \doingtypefnfalse    % distinguish typed functions from all else
+    \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline#3}%
+  }%
+  \def#3% definition of \deffooheader follows
 }
 
 \newif\ifdoingtypefn       % doing typed function?
@@ -7649,74 +7638,56 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   \fi\fi
 }
 
-% \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic}
-%
-% If SUBTOPIC is present, precede it with a space, and call \doind.
-% (At some time during the 20th century, this made a two-level entry in an
-% index such as the operation index.  Nobody seemed to notice the change in
-% behaviour though.)
-\def\dosubind#1#2#3{%
-  \def\thirdarg{#3}%
-  \ifx\thirdarg\empty
-    \doind{#1}{#2}%
-  \else
-    \doind{#1}{#2\space#3}%
-  \fi
+\def\defind#1#2{
+  \defidx={#1}%
+  \deftext={#2}%
 }
 
 % Untyped functions:
 
 % @deffn category name args
-\makedefun{deffn}{\deffngeneral{}}
-
-% @deffn category class name args
-\makedefun{defop}#1 {\defopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
-
-% \defopon {category on}class name args
-\def\defopon#1#2 {\deffngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
+\makedefun{deffn}#1 #2 #3\endheader{%
+  \defind{fn}{\code{#2}}%
+  \defname{#1}{}{#2}\magicamp\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
+}
 
-% \deffngeneral {subind}category name args
-%
-\def\deffngeneral#1#2 #3 #4\endheader{%
-  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{#1}%
-  \defname{#2}{}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
+% @defop category class name args
+\makedefun{defop}#1 {\defopheaderx{#1\ \putwordon}}
+\def\defopheaderx#1#2 #3 #4\endheader{%
+  \defind{fn}{\code{#3}\space\putwordon\ \code{#2}}%
+  \defname{#1\ \code{#2}}{}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
 }
 
 % Typed functions:
 
 % @deftypefn category type name args
-\makedefun{deftypefn}{\deftypefngeneral{}}
+\makedefun{deftypefn}#1 #2 #3 #4\endheader{%
+  \defind{fn}{\code{#3}}%
+  \doingtypefntrue
+  \defname{#1}{#2}{#3}\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
+}
 
 % @deftypeop category class type name args
-\makedefun{deftypeop}#1 {\deftypeopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
-
-% \deftypeopon {category on}class type name args
-\def\deftypeopon#1#2 {\deftypefngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
-
-% \deftypefngeneral {subind}category type name args
-%
-\def\deftypefngeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
-  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
+\makedefun{deftypeop}#1 {\deftypeopheaderx{#1\ \putwordon}}
+\def\deftypeopheaderx#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
+  \defind{fn}{\code{#4}\space\putwordon\ \code{#1\ \code{#2}}}%
   \doingtypefntrue
-  \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
+  \defname{#1\ \code{#2}}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
 }
 
 % Typed variables:
 
 % @deftypevr category type var args
-\makedefun{deftypevr}{\deftypecvgeneral{}}
+\makedefun{deftypevr}#1 #2 #3 #4\endheader{%
+  \defind{vr}{\code{#3}}%
+  \defname{#1}{#2}{#3}\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
+}
 
 % @deftypecv category class type var args
-\makedefun{deftypecv}#1 {\deftypecvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
-
-% \deftypecvof {category of}class type var args
-\def\deftypecvof#1#2 {\deftypecvgeneral{\putwordof\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
-
-% \deftypecvgeneral {subind}category type var args
-%
-\def\deftypecvgeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
-  \dosubind{vr}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
-  \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
+\makedefun{deftypecv}#1 {\deftypecvheaderx{#1\ \putwordof}}
+\def\deftypecvheaderx#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
+  \defind{vr}{\code{#4}\space\putwordof\ \code{#2}}%
+  \defname{#1\ \code{#2}}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
 }
 
 % Untyped variables:
@@ -7725,16 +7696,14 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \makedefun{defvr}#1 {\deftypevrheader{#1} {} }
 
 % @defcv category class var args
-\makedefun{defcv}#1 {\defcvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
-
-% \defcvof {category of}class var args
-\def\defcvof#1#2 {\deftypecvof{#1}#2 {} }
+\makedefun{defcv}#1 {\defcvheaderx{#1\ \putwordof}}
+\def\defcvheaderx#1#2 {\deftypecvheaderx{#1}#2 {} }
 
 % Types:
 
 % @deftp category name args
 \makedefun{deftp}#1 #2 #3\endheader{%
-  \doind{tp}{\code{#2}}%
+  \defind{tp}{\code{#2}}%
   \defname{#1}{}{#2}\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
 }
 
@@ -7746,10 +7715,10 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \makedefun{defvar}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
 \makedefun{defopt}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefopt} }
 \makedefun{deftypevar}{\deftypevrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
-\makedefun{defmethod}{\defopon\putwordMethodon}
-\makedefun{deftypemethod}{\deftypeopon\putwordMethodon}
-\makedefun{defivar}{\defcvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
-\makedefun{deftypeivar}{\deftypecvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
+\makedefun{defmethod}{\defopheaderx\putwordMethodon}
+\makedefun{deftypemethod}{\deftypeopheaderx\putwordMethodon}
+\makedefun{defivar}{\defcvheaderx\putwordInstanceVariableof}
+\makedefun{deftypeivar}{\deftypecvheaderx\putwordInstanceVariableof}
 
 % \defname, which formats the name of the @def (not the args).
 % #1 is the category, such as "Function".
@@ -7768,9 +7737,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   \rettypeownlinefalse
   \ifdoingtypefn  % doing a typed function specifically?
     % then check user option for putting return type on its own line:
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxideftypefnnl\endcsname\relax \else
-      \rettypeownlinetrue
-    \fi
+    \ifflagclear{txideftypefnnl}{}{\rettypeownlinetrue}%
   \fi
   %
   % How we'll format the category name.  Putting it in brackets helps
@@ -7835,30 +7802,22 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
     \fi           % no return type
     #3% output function name
   }%
-  {\rm\enskip}% hskip 0.5 em of \rmfont
+  \ifflagclear{txidefnamenospace}{%
+    {\rm\enskip}% hskip 0.5 em of \rmfont
+  }{}%
   %
   \boldbrax
   % arguments will be output next, if any.
 }
 
-% Print arguments in slanted roman (not ttsl), inconsistently with using
-% tt for the name.  This is because literal text is sometimes needed in
-% the argument list (groff manual), and ttsl and tt are not very
-% distinguishable.  Prevent hyphenation at `-' chars.
-%
+% Print arguments.  Use slanted for @def*, typewriter for @deftype*.
 \def\defunargs#1{%
-  % use sl by default (not ttsl),
-  % tt for the names.
-  \df \sl \hyphenchar\font=0
-  %
-  % On the other hand, if an argument has two dashes (for instance), we
-  % want a way to get ttsl.  We used to recommend @var for that, so
-  % leave the code in, but it's strange for @var to lead to typewriter.
-  % Nowadays we recommend @code, since the difference between a ttsl hyphen
-  % and a tt hyphen is pretty tiny.  @code also disables ?` !`.
-  \def\var##1{{\setregularquotes\ttslanted{##1}}}%
-  #1%
-  \sl\hyphenchar\font=45
+  \bgroup
+    \df \ifdoingtypefn \tt \else \sl \fi
+    \ifflagclear{txicodevaristt}{}%
+       {\def\var##1{{\setregularquotes \ttsl ##1}}}%
+    #1%
+  \egroup
 }
 
 % We want ()&[] to print specially on the defun line.
@@ -7877,9 +7836,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 % so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence.
 {
   \activeparens
-  \global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen
-  \global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack
-  \global\let& = \&
+  \gdef\defcharsdefault{%
+    \let(=\lparen \let)=\rparen
+    \let[=\lbrack \let]=\rbrack
+    \let& = \&%
+  }
+  \globaldefs=1 \defcharsdefault
 
   \gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb}
   \gdef\magicamp{\let&=\amprm}
@@ -8063,24 +8025,17 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   \catcode`\_=\other
   \catcode`\|=\other
   \catcode`\~=\other
-  \passthroughcharstrue
-}
-
-\def\scanargctxt{% used for copying and captions, not macros.
-  \scanctxt
   \catcode`\@=\other
-  \catcode`\\=\other
   \catcode`\^^M=\other
+  \catcode`\\=\active
+  \passthroughcharstrue
 }
 
-\def\macrobodyctxt{% used for @macro definitions
+\def\macrobodyctxt{% used for @macro definitions and @copying
   \scanctxt
   \catcode`\ =\other
-  \catcode`\@=\other
   \catcode`\{=\other
   \catcode`\}=\other
-  \catcode`\^^M=\other
-  \usembodybackslash
 }
 
 % Used when scanning braced macro arguments.  Note, however, that catcode
@@ -8089,14 +8044,10 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 \def\macroargctxt{%
   \scanctxt
   \catcode`\ =\active
-  \catcode`\@=\other
-  \catcode`\^^M=\other
-  \catcode`\\=\active
 }
 
 \def\macrolineargctxt{% used for whole-line arguments without braces
   \scanctxt
-  \catcode`\@=\other
   \catcode`\{=\other
   \catcode`\}=\other
 }
@@ -8140,7 +8091,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
      \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1%
      \addtomacrolist{\the\macname}%
   \fi
-  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt
+  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt \usembodybackslash
   \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody
   \else \expandafter\parsemacbody
   \fi}
@@ -8463,21 +8414,21 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   \ifcase\paramno
   % 0
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-      \bgroup
+      \begingroup
         \noexpand\spaceisspace
         \noexpand\endlineisspace
         \noexpand\expandafter % skip any whitespace after the macro name.
         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname}%
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname{%
-      \egroup
+      \endgroup
       \noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}}%
   \or % 1
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-       \bgroup
+       \begingroup
        \noexpand\braceorline
        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname}%
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname##1{%
-      \egroup
+      \endgroup
       \noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}%
       }%
   \else % at most 9
@@ -8488,7 +8439,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
       % @MACNAME@@@ removes braces surrounding the argument list.
       % @MACNAME@@@@ scans the macro body with arguments substituted.
       \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-        \bgroup
+        \begingroup
         \noexpand\expandafter  % This \expandafter skip any spaces after the
         \noexpand\macroargctxt % macro before we change the catcode of space.
         \noexpand\expandafter
@@ -8502,7 +8453,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
       \expandafter\xdef
       \expandafter\expandafter
         \csname\the\macname @@@@\endcsname\paramlist{%
-          \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}}%
+          \endgroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}}%
     \else % 10 or more:
       \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
         \noexpand\getargvals@{\the\macname}{\argl}%
@@ -8944,12 +8895,11 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
       % output the `[mynode]' via the macro below so it can be overridden.
       \xrefprintnodename\printedrefname
       %
-      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiomitxrefpg\endcsname\relax
-        % But we always want a comma and a space:
-        ,\space
-        %
+      \ifflagclear{txiomitxrefpg}{%
+        % We always want a comma
+        ,%
         % output the `page 3'.
-        \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}%
+        \turnoffactive \putpageref{#1}%
         % Add a , if xref followed by a space
         \if\space\noexpand\tokenafterxref ,%
         \else\ifx\	\tokenafterxref ,% @TAB
@@ -8959,12 +8909,16 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
                   \tokenafterxref ,%    @NL
         \else\ifx\tie\tokenafterxref ,% @tie
         \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
-      \fi
+      }{}%
     \fi\fi
   \fi
   \endlink
 \endgroup}
 
+% can be overridden in translation files
+\def\putpageref#1{%
+  \space\putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}}
+
 % Output a cross-manual xref to #1.  Used just above (twice).
 %
 % Only include the text "Section ``foo'' in" if the foo is neither
@@ -9376,6 +9330,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
     \imagexxx #1,,,,,\finish
   \fi
 }
+
+% Approximate height of a line in the standard text font.
+\newdimen\capheight
+\setbox0=\vbox{\tenrm H}
+\capheight=\ht0
+
 %
 % Arguments to @image:
 % #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension.
@@ -9390,13 +9350,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
   \makevalueexpandable
   \ifvmode
     \imagevmodetrue
-  \else \ifx\centersub\centerV
-    % for @center @image, we need a vbox so we can have our vertical space
-    \imagevmodetrue
-    \vbox\bgroup % vbox has better behavior than vtop here
-  \fi\fi
-  %
-  \ifimagevmode
     \medskip
     % Usually we'll have text after the image which will insert
     % \parskip glue, so insert it here too to equalize the space
@@ -9405,17 +9358,20 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
     %
     % Place image in a \vtop for a top page margin that is (close to) correct,
     % as \topskip glue is relative to the first baseline.
-    \vtop\bgroup\hrule height 0pt\vskip-\parskip
+    \vtop\bgroup \kern -\capheight \vskip-\parskip
   \fi
   %
-  % Enter horizontal mode so that indentation from an enclosing
-  %  environment such as @quotation is respected.
-  % However, if we're at the top level, we don't want the
-  %  normal paragraph indentation.
-  % On the other hand, if we are in the case of @center @image, we don't
-  %  want to start a paragraph, which will create a hsize-width box and
-  %  eradicate the centering.
-  \ifx\centersub\centerV \else \imageindent \fi
+  \ifx\centersub\centerV
+    % For @center @image, enter vertical mode and add vertical space
+    % Enter an extra \parskip because @center doesn't add space itself.
+    \vbox\bgroup\vskip\parskip\medskip\vskip\parskip
+  \else
+    % Enter horizontal mode so that indentation from an enclosing
+    %  environment such as @quotation is respected.
+    % However, if we're at the top level, we don't want the
+    %  normal paragraph indentation.
+    \imageindent
+  \fi
   %
   % Output the image.
   \ifpdf
@@ -9440,7 +9396,10 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
     \egroup
     \medskip  % space after a standalone image
   \fi
-  \ifx\centersub\centerV \egroup \fi
+  \ifx\centersub\centerV % @center @image
+    \medskip
+    \egroup % close \vbox
+  \fi
 \endgroup}
 
 
@@ -9607,7 +9566,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 %
 \def\caption{\docaption\thiscaption}
 \def\shortcaption{\docaption\thisshortcaption}
-\def\docaption{\checkenv\float \bgroup\scanargctxt\defcaption}
+\def\docaption{\checkenv\float \bgroup\scanctxt\defcaption}
 \def\defcaption#1#2{\egroup \def#1{#2}}
 
 % The parameter is the control sequence identifying the counter we are
@@ -9897,12 +9856,10 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
        % For native Unicode handling (XeTeX and LuaTeX)
        \nativeunicodechardefs
      \else
-       % For treating UTF-8 as byte sequences (TeX, eTeX and pdfTeX)
+       % For treating UTF-8 as byte sequences (TeX, eTeX and pdfTeX).
+       % Since we already invoke \utfeightchardefs at the top level,
+       % making non-ascii chars active is sufficient.
        \setnonasciicharscatcode\active
-       % since we already invoked \utfeightchardefs at the top level
-       % (below), do not re-invoke it, otherwise our check for duplicated
-       % definitions gets triggered.  Making non-ascii chars active is
-       % sufficient.
      \fi
   %
   \else
@@ -9927,7 +9884,6 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   \fi
 }
 
-% emacs-page
 % A message to be logged when using a character that isn't available
 % the default font encoding (OT1).
 %
@@ -9936,12 +9892,6 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 % Take account of \c (plain) vs. \, (Texinfo) difference.
 \def\cedilla#1{\ifx\c\ptexc\c{#1}\else\,{#1}\fi}
 
-% First, make active non-ASCII characters in order for them to be
-% correctly categorized when TeX reads the replacement text of
-% macros containing the character definitions.
-\setnonasciicharscatcode\active
-%
-
 \def\gdefchar#1#2{%
 \gdef#1{%
    \ifpassthroughchars
@@ -9951,8 +9901,14 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
    \fi
 }}
 
+\begingroup
+
+% Make non-ASCII characters active for defining the character definition
+% macros.
+\setnonasciicharscatcode\active
+
 % Latin1 (ISO-8859-1) character definitions.
-\def\latonechardefs{%
+\gdef\latonechardefs{%
   \gdefchar^^a0{\tie}
   \gdefchar^^a1{\exclamdown}
   \gdefchar^^a2{{\tcfont \char162}} % cent
@@ -10057,7 +10013,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 }
 
 % Latin9 (ISO-8859-15) encoding character definitions.
-\def\latninechardefs{%
+\gdef\latninechardefs{%
   % Encoding is almost identical to Latin1.
   \latonechardefs
   %
@@ -10072,7 +10028,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 }
 
 % Latin2 (ISO-8859-2) character definitions.
-\def\lattwochardefs{%
+\gdef\lattwochardefs{%
   \gdefchar^^a0{\tie}
   \gdefchar^^a1{\ogonek{A}}
   \gdefchar^^a2{\u{}}
@@ -10090,7 +10046,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   \gdefchar^^ae{\v Z}
   \gdefchar^^af{\dotaccent Z}
   %
-  \gdefchar^^b0{\textdegree{}}
+  \gdefchar^^b0{\textdegree}
   \gdefchar^^b1{\ogonek{a}}
   \gdefchar^^b2{\ogonek{ }}
   \gdefchar^^b3{\l}
@@ -10176,6 +10132,8 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   \gdefchar^^ff{\dotaccent{}}
 }
 
+\endgroup % active chars
+
 % UTF-8 character definitions.
 %
 % This code to support UTF-8 is based on LaTeX's utf8.def, with some
@@ -10327,9 +10285,9 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   % Given the value in \countUTFz as a Unicode code point, set \UTFviiiTmp
   % to the corresponding UTF-8 sequence.
   \gdef\parseXMLCharref{%
-    \ifnum\countUTFz < "A0\relax
+    \ifnum\countUTFz < "20\relax
       \errhelp = \EMsimple
-      \errmessage{Cannot define Unicode char value < 00A0}%
+      \errmessage{Cannot define Unicode char value < 0020}%
     \else\ifnum\countUTFz < "800\relax
       \parseUTFviiiA,%
       \parseUTFviiiB C\UTFviiiTwoOctetsName.,%
@@ -10399,6 +10357,103 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 % least make most of the characters not bomb out.
 %
 \def\unicodechardefs{%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0020}{ } % space
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0021}{\char"21 }% % space to terminate number
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0022}{\char"22 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0023}{\char"23 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0024}{\char"24 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0025}{\char"25 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0026}{\char"26 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0027}{\char"27 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0028}{\char"28 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0029}{\char"29 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002A}{\char"2A }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002B}{\char"2B }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002C}{\char"2C }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002D}{\char"2D }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002E}{\char"2E }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002F}{\char"2F }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0030}{0}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0031}{1}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0032}{2}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0033}{3}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0034}{4}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0035}{5}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0036}{6}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0037}{7}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0038}{8}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0039}{9}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003A}{\char"3A }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003B}{\char"3B }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003C}{\char"3C }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003D}{\char"3D }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003E}{\char"3E }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003F}{\char"3F }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0040}{\char"40 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0041}{A}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0042}{B}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0043}{C}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0044}{D}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0045}{E}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0046}{F}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0047}{G}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0048}{H}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0049}{I}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004A}{J}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004B}{K}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004C}{L}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004D}{M}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004E}{N}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004F}{O}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0050}{P}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0051}{Q}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0052}{R}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0053}{S}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0054}{T}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0055}{U}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0056}{V}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0057}{W}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0058}{X}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0059}{Y}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005A}{Z}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005B}{\char"5B }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005C}{\char"5C }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005D}{\char"5D }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005E}{\char"5E }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005F}{\char"5F }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0060}{\char"60 }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0061}{a}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0062}{b}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0063}{c}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0064}{d}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0065}{e}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0066}{f}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0067}{g}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0068}{h}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0069}{i}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006A}{j}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006B}{k}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006C}{l}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006D}{m}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006E}{n}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006F}{o}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0070}{p}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0071}{q}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0072}{r}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0073}{s}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0074}{t}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0075}{u}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0076}{v}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0077}{w}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0078}{x}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0079}{y}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007A}{z}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007B}{\char"7B }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007C}{\char"7C }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007D}{\char"7D }%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007E}{\char"7E }%
+  % \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007F}{} % DEL
+  %
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A0}{\tie}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A1}{\exclamdown}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A2}{{\tcfont \char162}}% 0242=cent
@@ -10416,7 +10471,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AE}{\registeredsymbol{}}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AF}{\={ }}%
   %
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B0}{\ringaccent{ }}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B0}{\textdegree}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B1}{\ensuremath\pm}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B2}{$^2$}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B3}{$^3$}%
@@ -10920,7 +10975,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   %
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\euro{}}%
   %
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2192}{\expansion{}}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2192}{\arrow}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{21D2}{\result{}}%
   %
   % Mathematical symbols
@@ -11083,24 +11138,26 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 % provide a definition macro to replace/pass-through a Unicode character
 %
 \def\DeclareUnicodeCharacterNative#1#2{%
-  \catcode"#1=\active
-  \def\dodeclareunicodecharacternative##1##2##3{%
+  \ifnum"#1>"7F % only make non-ASCII chars active
+    \catcode"#1=\active
+    \def\dodeclareunicodecharacternative##1##2##3{%
+      \begingroup
+        \uccode`\~="##2\relax
+        \uppercase{\gdef~}{%
+          \ifpassthroughchars
+            ##1%
+          \else
+            ##3%
+          \fi
+        }
+      \endgroup
+    }
     \begingroup
-      \uccode`\~="##2\relax
-      \uppercase{\gdef~}{%
-        \ifpassthroughchars
-          ##1%
-        \else
-          ##3%
-        \fi
-      }
+      \uccode`\.="#1\relax
+      \uppercase{\def\UTFNativeTmp{.}}%
+      \expandafter\dodeclareunicodecharacternative\UTFNativeTmp{#1}{#2}%
     \endgroup
-  }
-  \begingroup
-    \uccode`\.="#1\relax
-    \uppercase{\def\UTFNativeTmp{.}}%
-    \expandafter\dodeclareunicodecharacternative\UTFNativeTmp{#1}{#2}%
-  \endgroup
+  \fi
 }
 
 % Native Unicode handling (XeTeX and LuaTeX) character replacing definition.
@@ -11129,14 +11186,14 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
    \relax
 }
 
-% Define all Unicode characters we know about.  This makes UTF-8 the default
-% input encoding and allows @U to work.
+% Define all Unicode characters we know about
 \iftxinativeunicodecapable
   \nativeunicodechardefsatu
 \else
   \utfeightchardefs
 \fi
 
+
 \message{formatting,}
 
 \newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt
@@ -11183,13 +11240,9 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   %
   \vsize = #1\relax
   \advance\vsize by \topskip
-  \outervsize = \vsize
-  \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin
   \txipageheight = \vsize
   %
   \hsize = #2\relax
-  \outerhsize = \hsize
-  \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
   \txipagewidth = \hsize
   %
   \normaloffset = #4\relax
@@ -11279,7 +11332,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
   \textleading = 12.5pt
   %
   \internalpagesizes{160mm}{120mm}%
-                    {\voffset}{\hoffset}%
+                    {\voffset}{-11.4mm}%
                     {\bindingoffset}{8pt}%
                     {210mm}{148mm}%
   %
@@ -11358,8 +11411,136 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 \hfuzz = 1pt
 
 
+\message{microtype,}
+
+% protrusion, from Thanh's protcode.tex.
+\def\mtsetprotcode#1{%
+  \rpcode#1`\!=200  \rpcode#1`\,=700  \rpcode#1`\-=700  \rpcode#1`\.=700
+  \rpcode#1`\;=500  \rpcode#1`\:=500  \rpcode#1`\?=200
+  \rpcode#1`\'=700
+  \rpcode#1 34=500  % ''
+  \rpcode#1 123=300 % --
+  \rpcode#1 124=200 % ---
+  \rpcode#1`\)=50   \rpcode#1`\A=50   \rpcode#1`\F=50   \rpcode#1`\K=50
+  \rpcode#1`\L=50   \rpcode#1`\T=50   \rpcode#1`\V=50   \rpcode#1`\W=50
+  \rpcode#1`\X=50   \rpcode#1`\Y=50   \rpcode#1`\k=50   \rpcode#1`\r=50
+  \rpcode#1`\t=50   \rpcode#1`\v=50   \rpcode#1`\w=50   \rpcode#1`\x=50
+  \rpcode#1`\y=50
+  %
+  \lpcode#1`\`=700
+  \lpcode#1 92=500  % ``
+  \lpcode#1`\(=50   \lpcode#1`\A=50   \lpcode#1`\J=50   \lpcode#1`\T=50
+  \lpcode#1`\V=50   \lpcode#1`\W=50   \lpcode#1`\X=50   \lpcode#1`\Y=50
+  \lpcode#1`\v=50   \lpcode#1`\w=50   \lpcode#1`\x=50   \lpcode#1`\y=0
+  %
+  \mtadjustprotcode#1\relax
+}
+
+\newcount\countC
+\def\mtadjustprotcode#1{%
+  \countC=0
+  \loop
+    \ifcase\lpcode#1\countC\else
+      \mtadjustcp\lpcode#1\countC
+    \fi
+    \ifcase\rpcode#1\countC\else
+      \mtadjustcp\rpcode#1\countC
+    \fi
+    \advance\countC 1
+  \ifnum\countC < 256 \repeat
+}
+
+\newcount\countB
+\def\mtadjustcp#1#2#3{%
+  \setbox\boxA=\hbox{%
+    \ifx#2\font\else#2\fi
+    \char#3}%
+  \countB=\wd\boxA
+  \multiply\countB #1#2#3\relax
+  \divide\countB \fontdimen6 #2\relax
+  #1#2#3=\countB\relax
+}
+
+\ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
+  \ifx\luatexversion\thisisundefined
+    \ifpdf % pdfTeX
+      \mtsetprotcode\textrm
+      \def\mtfontexpand#1{\pdffontexpand#1 20 20 1 autoexpand\relax}
+    \else % TeX
+      \def\mtfontexpand#1{}
+    \fi
+  \else % LuaTeX
+    \mtsetprotcode\textrm
+    \def\mtfontexpand#1{\expandglyphsinfont#1 20 20 1\relax}
+  \fi
+\else % XeTeX
+  \mtsetprotcode\textrm
+  \def\mtfontexpand#1{}
+\fi
+
+
+\newif\ifmicrotype
+
+\def\microtypeON{%
+  \microtypetrue
+  %
+  \ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
+    \ifx\luatexversion\thisisundefined
+      \ifpdf % pdfTeX
+        \pdfadjustspacing=2
+        \pdfprotrudechars=2
+      \fi
+    \else % LuaTeX
+      \adjustspacing=2
+      \protrudechars=2
+    \fi
+  \else % XeTeX
+    \XeTeXprotrudechars=2
+  \fi
+  %
+  \mtfontexpand\textrm
+  \mtfontexpand\textsl
+  \mtfontexpand\textbf
+}
+
+\def\microtypeOFF{%
+  \microtypefalse
+  %
+  \ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
+    \ifx\luatexversion\thisisundefined
+      \ifpdf % pdfTeX
+        \pdfadjustspacing=0
+        \pdfprotrudechars=0
+      \fi
+    \else % LuaTeX
+      \adjustspacing=0
+      \protrudechars=0
+    \fi
+  \else % XeTeX
+    \XeTeXprotrudechars=0
+  \fi
+}
+
+\microtypeOFF
+
+\parseargdef\microtype{%
+  \def\txiarg{#1}%
+  \ifx\txiarg\onword
+    \microtypeON
+  \else\ifx\txiarg\offword
+    \microtypeOFF
+  \else
+    \errhelp = \EMsimple
+    \errmessage{Unknown @microtype option `\txiarg', must be on|off}%
+  \fi\fi
+}
+
+
 \message{and turning on texinfo input format.}
 
+% Make UTF-8 the default encoding.
+\documentencodingzzz{UTF-8}
+
 \def^^L{\par} % remove \outer, so ^L can appear in an @comment
 \catcode`\^^K = 10 % treat vertical tab as whitespace
 
@@ -11377,23 +11558,6 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 \catcode`\|=\other \def\normalverticalbar{|}
 \catcode`\~=\other \def\normaltilde{~}
 
-% This macro is used to make a character print one way in \tt
-% (where it can probably be output as-is), and another way in other fonts,
-% where something hairier probably needs to be done.
-%
-% #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print
-% otherwise.  Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero
-% interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all
-% typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter.
-%
-\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
-
-% Same as above, but check for italic font.  Actually this also catches
-% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from
-% italic fonts.  But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway
-% this is not a problem.
-\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi}
-
 % Set catcodes for Texinfo file
 
 % Active characters for printing the wanted glyph.
@@ -11439,23 +11603,32 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 % Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters even after
 % parsing them.
 \def\turnoffactive{%
-  \normalturnoffactive
+  \passthroughcharstrue
+  \let-=\normaldash
+  \let"=\normaldoublequote
+  \let$=\normaldollar %$ font-lock fix
+  \let+=\normalplus
+  \let<=\normalless
+  \let>=\normalgreater
+  \let^=\normalcaret
+  \let_=\normalunderscore
+  \let|=\normalverticalbar
+  \let~=\normaltilde
   \otherbackslash
+  \setregularquotes
+  \unsepspaces
 }
 
-\catcode`\@=0
+% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file
+% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line.
+% So turn them off again, and have \loadconf turn them back on.
+\catcode`+=\other \catcode`\_=\other
+
 
 % \backslashcurfont outputs one backslash character in current font,
 % as in \char`\\.
 \global\chardef\backslashcurfont=`\\
 
-% \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other.
-{\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}}
-
-% In Texinfo, backslash is an active character; it prints the backslash
-% in fixed width font.
-\catcode`\\=\active  % @ for escape char from now on.
-
 % Print a typewriter backslash.  For math mode, we can't simply use
 % \backslashcurfont: the story here is that in math mode, the \char
 % of \backslashcurfont ends up printing the roman \ from the math symbol
@@ -11465,109 +11638,120 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 % ignored family value; char position "5C).  We can't use " for the
 % usual hex value because it has already been made active.
 
-@def@ttbackslash{{@tt @ifmmode @mathchar29020 @else @backslashcurfont @fi}}
-@let@backslashchar = @ttbackslash % @backslashchar{} is for user documents.
+\def\ttbackslash{{\tt \ifmmode \mathchar29020 \else \backslashcurfont \fi}}
+\let\backslashchar = \ttbackslash % \backslashchar{} is for user documents.
 
-% \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with
-% catcode other.
-@gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash}
-
-% Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of
-% the literal character `\'.
-%
-{@catcode`- = @active
- @gdef@normalturnoffactive{%
-   @passthroughcharstrue
-   @let-=@normaldash
-   @let"=@normaldoublequote
-   @let$=@normaldollar %$ font-lock fix
-   @let+=@normalplus
-   @let<=@normalless
-   @let>=@normalgreater
-   @let^=@normalcaret
-   @let_=@normalunderscore
-   @let|=@normalverticalbar
-   @let~=@normaltilde
-   @let\=@ttbackslash
-   @setregularquotes
-   @unsepspaces
- }
-}
-
-% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file
-% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line.
-% So turn them off again, and have @fixbackslash turn them back on.
-@catcode`+=@other @catcode`@_=@other
-
-% \enablebackslashhack - allow file to begin `\input texinfo'
-%
-% If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up.
-% That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing
-% a backslash.
-% If the file did not have a `\input texinfo', then it is turned off after
-% the first line; otherwise the first `\' in the file would cause an error.
-% This is used on the very last line of this file, texinfo.tex.
-% We also use @c to call @fixbackslash, in case ends of lines are hidden.
-{
-@catcode`@^=7
-@catcode`@^^M=13@gdef@enablebackslashhack{%
-  @global@let\ = @eatinput%
-  @catcode`@^^M=13%
-  @def@c{@fixbackslash@c}%
-  % Definition for the newline at the end of this file.
-  @def ^^M{@let^^M@secondlinenl}%
-  % Definition for a newline in the main Texinfo file.
-  @gdef @secondlinenl{@fixbackslash}%
+% These are made active for url-breaking, so need
+% active definitions as the normal characters.
+\def\normaldot{.}
+\def\normalquest{?}
+\def\normalslash{/}
+
+% \newlinesloadsconf - call \loadconf as soon as possible in the
+% file, e.g. at the first newline.
+%
+{\catcode`\^=7
+\catcode`\^^M=13
+\gdef\newlineloadsconf{%
+  \catcode`\^^M=13 %
+  \newlineloadsconfzz%
+}
+\gdef\newlineloadsconfzz#1^^M{%
+  \def\c{\loadconf\c}%
+  % Definition for the first newline read in the file
+  \def ^^M{\loadconf}%
   % In case the first line has a whole-line command on it
-  @let@originalparsearg@parsearg
-  @def@parsearg{@fixbackslash@originalparsearg}
+  \let\originalparsearg\parsearg%
+  \def\parsearg{\loadconf\originalparsearg}%
 }}
 
-{@catcode`@^=7 @catcode`@^^M=13%
-@gdef@eatinput input texinfo#1^^M{@fixbackslash}}
 
 % Emergency active definition of newline, in case an active newline token
 % appears by mistake.
-{@catcode`@^=7 @catcode13=13%
-@gdef@enableemergencynewline{%
-  @gdef^^M{%
-    @par%
-    %<warning: active newline>@par%
+{\catcode`\^=7 \catcode13=13%
+\gdef\enableemergencynewline{%
+  \gdef^^M{%
+    \par%
+    %<warning: active newline>\par%
 }}}
 
 
-@gdef@fixbackslash{%
-  @ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @ttbackslash @fi
-  @catcode13=5 % regular end of line
-  @enableemergencynewline
-  @let@c=@comment
-  @let@parsearg@originalparsearg
+% \loadconf gets called at the beginning of every Texinfo file.
+% If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.  Useful for site-wide
+% @afourpaper, etc.  Not opening texinfo.cnf directly in texinfo.tex
+% makes it possible to make a format file for Texinfo.
+%
+\gdef\loadconf{%
+  \relax  % Terminate the filename if running as "tex '&texinfo' FILE.texi".
+  %
+  % Turn off the definitions that trigger \loadconf
+  \everyjobreset
+  \catcode13=5 % regular end of line
+  \enableemergencynewline
+  \let\c=\comment
+  \let\parsearg\originalparsearg
+  %
   % Also turn back on active characters that might appear in the input
   % file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format.
-  @catcode`+=@active
-  @catcode`@_=@active
-  %
-  % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.
-  % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc.  This macro, @fixbackslash, gets
-  % called at the beginning of every Texinfo file.  Not opening texinfo.cnf
-  % directly in this file, texinfo.tex, makes it possible to make a format
-  % file for Texinfo.
+  \catcode`+=\active
+  \catcode`\_=\active
   %
-  @openin 1 texinfo.cnf
-  @ifeof 1 @else @input texinfo.cnf @fi
-  @closein 1
+  \openin 1 texinfo.cnf
+  \ifeof 1 \else \input texinfo.cnf \fi
+  \closein 1
 }
 
+% Redefine some control sequences to be controlled by the \ifdummies
+% and \ifindexnofonts switches.  Do this at the end so that the control
+% sequences are all defined.
+\definedummies
+
+
+
+
+\catcode`\@=0
+
+% \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other.
+{\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}}
+
+% In Texinfo, backslash is an active character; it prints the backslash
+% in fixed width font.
+\catcode`\\=\active  % @ for escape char from now on.
+
+@let\ = @ttbackslash
+
+% If in a .fmt file, print the version number.
+% \eatinput stops the `\input texinfo' from showing up.
+% After that, `\' should revert to printing a backslash.
+% Turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
+% they might have appeared in the input file name.
+%
+@everyjob{@message{[Texinfo version @texinfoversion]}%
+  @global@let\ = @eatinput
+  @catcode`+=@active @catcode`@_=@active}
+
+{@catcode`@^=7 @catcode`@^^M=13%
+@gdef@eatinput input texinfo#1^^M{@loadconf}}
+
+@def@everyjobreset{@ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @ttbackslash @fi}
+
+% \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with
+% catcode other.
+@gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash}
+
+% Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of
+% the literal character `\'.
+%
+{@catcode`- = @active
+ @gdef@normalturnoffactive{%
+   @turnoffactive
+   @let\=@ttbackslash
+ }
+}
 
 % Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
 @escapechar = `@@
 
-% These (along with & and #) are made active for url-breaking, so need
-% active definitions as the normal characters.
-@def@normaldot{.}
-@def@normalquest{?}
-@def@normalslash{/}
-
 % These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special.
 % @hashchar{} gets its own user-level command, because of #line.
 @catcode`@& = @other @def@normalamp{&}
@@ -11582,15 +11766,11 @@ directory should work if nowhere else does.}
 @c Do this last of all since we use ` in the previous @catcode assignments.
 @catcode`@'=@active
 @catcode`@`=@active
-@setregularquotes
 
 @c Local variables:
 @c eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp nil t)
 @c time-stamp-pattern: "texinfoversion{%Y-%02m-%02d.%02H}"
-@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message\\|emacs-page"
+@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message"
 @c End:
 
-@c vim:sw=2:
-
-@enablebackslashhack
-
+@newlineloadsconf
diff --git a/build-aux/update-copyright b/build-aux/update-copyright
index 81b691e8..99196fce 100755
--- a/build-aux/update-copyright
+++ b/build-aux/update-copyright
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 # Update an FSF copyright year list to include the current year.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 eval 'exec perl -wSx -0777 -pi "$0" "$@"'
      if 0;
 
-my $VERSION = '2020-04-04.15:07'; # UTC
+my $VERSION = '2023-01-11.04:24'; # UTC
 # The definition above must lie within the first 8 lines in order
 # for the Emacs time-stamp write hook (at end) to update it.
 # If you change this file with Emacs, please let the write hook
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ if (defined $stmt_re)
           }
 
         # Replace the old copyright statement.
-        s/$stmt_re/$stmt_wrapped/;
+        s/$stmt_re/$stmt_wrapped/g;
       }
   }
 else
diff --git a/build-aux/useless-if-before-free b/build-aux/useless-if-before-free
index 1a027a5d..f4908ba0 100755
--- a/build-aux/useless-if-before-free
+++ b/build-aux/useless-if-before-free
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # Detect instances of "if (p) free (p);".
 # Likewise "if (p != 0)", "if (0 != p)", or with NULL; and with braces.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/build-aux/vc-list-files b/build-aux/vc-list-files
index 77750b9f..5ed2b14d 100755
--- a/build-aux/vc-list-files
+++ b/build-aux/vc-list-files
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # Print a version string.
 scriptversion=2018-03-07.03; # UTC
 
-# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/doc/gendocs_template b/doc/gendocs_template
index 0415d947..a101977d 100644
--- a/doc/gendocs_template
+++ b/doc/gendocs_template
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <!-- Parent-Version: 1.78 -->
 
 <!--
-Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
 are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
diff --git a/doc/make-stds.texi b/doc/make-stds.texi
index b0745a8a..132476c7 100644
--- a/doc/make-stds.texi
+++ b/doc/make-stds.texi
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ installation should not use any utilities directly except these:
 @c mkfifo mknod tee uname
 
 @example
-awk cat cmp cp diff echo egrep expr false grep install-info ln ls
+awk cat cmp cp diff echo expr false grep install-info ln ls
 mkdir mv printf pwd rm rmdir sed sleep sort tar test touch tr true
 @end example
 
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ programs except for these:
 
 @example
 [ basename bash cat chgrp chmod chown cmp cp dd diff echo
-egrep expand expr false fgrep find getopt grep gunzip gzip
+expand expr false find getopt grep gunzip gzip
 hostname install install-info kill ldconfig ln ls md5sum
 mkdir mkfifo mknod mv printenv pwd rm rmdir sed sort tee
 test touch true uname xargs yes
diff --git a/lib/Autom4te/ChannelDefs.pm b/lib/Autom4te/ChannelDefs.pm
index 7800e546..bf6bf617 100644
--- a/lib/Autom4te/ChannelDefs.pm
+++ b/lib/Autom4te/ChannelDefs.pm
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/lib/Autom4te/Channels.pm b/lib/Autom4te/Channels.pm
index 0f2296f8..89f5f71f 100644
--- a/lib/Autom4te/Channels.pm
+++ b/lib/Autom4te/Channels.pm
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/lib/Autom4te/Configure_ac.pm b/lib/Autom4te/Configure_ac.pm
index d93171d6..fb00682b 100644
--- a/lib/Autom4te/Configure_ac.pm
+++ b/lib/Autom4te/Configure_ac.pm
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/lib/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm b/lib/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm
index 902efcb0..5d0deff9 100644
--- a/lib/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm
+++ b/lib/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings FATAL => 'all';
 
 use Exporter;
-use Time::HiRes qw(stat);
+use File::stat;
 use IO::File;
 
 use Autom4te::Channels;
@@ -115,16 +115,10 @@ sub mtime ($)
   return 0
     if $file eq '-' || ! -f $file;
 
-  my ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size,
-    $atime,$mtime,$ctime,$blksize,$blocks) = stat ($file)
+  my $stat = stat ($file)
     or fatal "cannot stat $file: $!";
 
-  # Unfortunately Time::HiRes converts timestamps to floating-point, and the
-  # rounding error can be several nanoseconds for circa-2021 timestamps.
-  # Perhaps some day Perl will support accurate file timestamps.  For now, do
-  # the best we can without going outside Perl.
-
-  return $mtime;
+  return $stat->mtime;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/lib/Autom4te/Getopt.pm b/lib/Autom4te/Getopt.pm
index c898f77a..fac5e36f 100644
--- a/lib/Autom4te/Getopt.pm
+++ b/lib/Autom4te/Getopt.pm
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/lib/Autom4te/XFile.pm b/lib/Autom4te/XFile.pm
index 30d3780c..d6a8602d 100644
--- a/lib/Autom4te/XFile.pm
+++ b/lib/Autom4te/XFile.pm
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
diff --git a/m4/autobuild.m4 b/m4/autobuild.m4
index bdb98f90..4068fd47 100644
--- a/m4/autobuild.m4
+++ b/m4/autobuild.m4
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # autobuild.m4 serial 8
-dnl Copyright (C) 2004, 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+dnl Copyright (C) 2004, 2006-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
 dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
 dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
diff --git a/maint.mk b/maint.mk
index ed7d138f..034e25be 100644
--- a/maint.mk
+++ b/maint.mk
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # This Makefile fragment tries to be general-purpose enough to be
 # used by many projects via the gnulib maintainer-makefile module.
 
-## Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## Copyright (C) 2001-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ##
 ## This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 ## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -468,15 +468,12 @@ sc_error_message_warn_fatal:
 	       exit 1; }						\
 	  || :
 
-# Error messages should not start with a capital letter;
-# however, if they start with an entire fully uppercased word, that's
-# probably a proper noun and it should stay that way.  We also exempt
-# known instances of proper nouns that should stay mixed-case.
+# Error messages should not start with a capital letter
 sc_error_message_uppercase:
 	@$(VC_LIST_EXCEPT)						\
 	  | xargs $(GREP) -nEA2 '[^rp]error *\(' /dev/null		\
 	  | $(GREP) -E '"[A-Z]'						\
-	  | $(GREP) -vE '"([A-Z0-9_]{2,}\>|Java|C#|(PRI|SCN)[dioux])'	\
+	  | $(GREP) -vE '"FATAL|"WARNING|"Java|"C#|"PRI'		\
 	  && { echo '$(ME): found capitalized error message' 1>&2;	\
 	       exit 1; }						\
 	  || :
@@ -768,7 +765,7 @@ sc_prohibit_dirent_without_use:
 # Prohibit the inclusion of verify.h without an actual use.
 sc_prohibit_verify_without_use:
 	@h='verify.h'							\
-	re='\<(verify(true|expr)?|assume|static_assert) *\('		\
+	re='\<(verify(_expr)?|assume) *\('				\
 	  $(_sc_header_without_use)
 
 # Don't include xfreopen.h unless you use one of its functions.
@@ -1259,6 +1256,12 @@ sc_makefile_path_separator_check:
 	halt=$(msg)							\
 	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
 
+sc_makefile_DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS:
+	@prohibit='^DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS'				\
+	in_vc_files='akefile|\.mk$$'					\
+	halt="use AM_DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS"				\
+	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
+
 # Check that 'make alpha' will not fail at the end of the process,
 # i.e., when pkg-M.N.tar.xz already exists (either in "." or in ../release)
 # and is read-only.
@@ -1289,7 +1292,7 @@ sc_copyright_check:
 	in_vc_files=$(sample-test)					\
 	halt='out of date copyright in $(sample-test); update it'	\
 	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
-	@require='Copyright @copyright\{\} .*'$$(date +%Y)		\
+	@require='Copyright @copyright\{} .*'$$(date +%Y)		\
 	in_vc_files=$(texi)						\
 	halt='out of date copyright in $(texi); update it'		\
 	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
@@ -1370,6 +1373,10 @@ sc_vulnerable_makefile_CVE-2012-3386:
 	  '  see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2012-3386 for details') \
 	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
 
+sc_unportable_grep_q:
+	@prohibit='grep -q' halt="unportable 'grep -q', use >/dev/null instead" \
+	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
+
 vc-diff-check:
 	$(AM_V_GEN)(unset CDPATH; cd $(srcdir) && $(VC) diff) > vc-diffs || :
 	$(AM_V_at)if test -s vc-diffs; then			\
@@ -1656,8 +1663,8 @@ indent: # Running indent once is not idempotent, but running it twice is.
 	indent $(indent_args) $(INDENT_SOURCES)
 
 sc_indent:
-	@if ! command -v indent > /dev/null; then			\
-	    echo 1>&2 '$(ME): sc_indent: indent is missing';		\
+	@if ! indent --version 2> /dev/null | grep 'GNU indent' > /dev/null; then \
+	    echo 1>&2 '$(ME): sc_indent: GNU indent is missing';	\
 	else								\
 	  fail=0; files="$(INDENT_SOURCES)";				\
 	  for f in $$files; do						\