diff options
| author | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2011-12-12 22:12:40 -0500 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2011-12-12 22:12:40 -0500 |
| commit | 54a1fa7c243df11e25a7123d8aa977631f060f5a (patch) | |
| tree | dfd079d6341fe3e6961748e79905b8f7d2e6021f | |
| parent | 89c77bc75babfe60098558bb1462c47f0a6dd506 (diff) | |
| download | bash-54a1fa7c243df11e25a7123d8aa977631f060f5a.tar.gz | |
commit bash-20101229 snapshot
67 files changed, 9319 insertions, 7735 deletions
@@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1, +and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused some redirection errors to leak file descriptors. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused unary `+' and `-' arithmetic operators to have a + higher precedence than unary `!' and `~'. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to affect the exit + status ($?) seen by subsequent pipeline commands. + +2. Changes to Readline + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta, and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha. diff --git a/CHANGES-4.2 b/CHANGES-4.2 index c9374ddd..1a0a7bb5 100644 --- a/CHANGES-4.2 +++ b/CHANGES-4.2 @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1, +and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a bug that caused some redirection errors to leak file descriptors. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused unary `+' and `-' arithmetic operators to have a + higher precedence than unary `!' and `~'. + +c. Fixed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to affect the exit + status ($?) seen by subsequent pipeline commands. + +2. Changes to Readline + +3. New Features in Bash + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta, and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha. @@ -295,7 +295,8 @@ version and versions 2.0 and above. 37. Bash-4.0 now allows SIGCHLD to interrupt the wait builtin, as Posix specifies, so the SIGCHLD trap is no longer always invoked once per - exiting child if you are using `wait' to wait for all children. + exiting child if you are using `wait' to wait for all children. As + of bash-4.2, this is the status quo only when in posix mode. 38. Since bash-4.0 now follows Posix rules for finding the closing delimiter of a $() command substitution, it will not behave as previous versions @@ -330,7 +331,8 @@ version and versions 2.0 and above. 44. Bash-4.1 uses the current locale when comparing strings using the < and > operators to the `[[' command. This can be reverted to the previous - behavior by setting one of the `compatNN' shopt options. + behavior (ASCII collating and strcmp(3)) by setting one of the + `compatNN' shopt options, where NN is less than 41. 45. Command substitutions now remove the caller's trap strings when trap is run to set a new trap in the subshell. Previous to bash-4.2, the old @@ -350,26 +352,26 @@ Shell Compatibility Level ========================= Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified -as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at -this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each -option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is -standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting -the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in -the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above). +as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40, and +compat41 at this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- +each option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior +that is standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that +quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp +characters in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above). compat31 set - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current - locale when comparing strings + locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering - quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no special effect compat32 set - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current - locale when comparing strings + locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering compat40 set - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current - locale when comparing strings + locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution of the entire list to be aborted (in versions before bash-4.0, interrupting one command in a list caused the next to be executed) diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 8c52b453..88cb40af 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -10784,6 +10784,10 @@ doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} configure.in - changed release status to 4.2-beta + 12/14 + ----- +[bash-4.2-beta frozen] + 12/18 ----- redir.c @@ -10813,3 +10817,94 @@ doc/bash.1 - change the description of while and until to use `list-1' and `list-2', similar to the Posix description. Suggested by Jeff Haemer <jeffrey.haemer@gmail.com> + + 12/27 + ----- +execute_cmd.c + - slight changes to execute_command_internal and how it captures the + exit status of (command) and shell control structures with pipes to + avoid multiple variable assignments to last_command_exit_value + - change to execute_simple_command so that parent branches of shells + forked to execute commands in pipelines don't change $? to 0 + (if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) result = last_command_exit_value). Fixes + bug reported by Damien Nadà <dnade.ext@orange-ftgroup.com> + + 12/28 + ----- +configure.in + - changed version to bash-4.2-rc1 + + 1/2/2011 + -------- +lib/readline/complete.c + - fix rl_filename_completion_function to dequote and save users_dirname + before calling any function to transform the directory name passed + to opendir(). Fix from Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> + +lib/readline/doc/ + - make sure to note that rl_directory_completion_hook cannot modify + the directory name argument if it returns 0 + +bashline.c + - make sure that bash_directory_completion_hook consistently returns + non-zero whenever it modifies its directory name argument + +lib/readline/terminal.c + - don't bother with the declarations (extern or not) for PC, BS, and + UP if NCURSES_VERSION is defined, since ncurses defines local + versions of those symbols in the library. Fixes bug most recently + reported by Kevin Scott <kscott@eznet.net> against Mac OS X + +include/filecntl.h + - make sure O_TEXT and O_BINARY are defined to avoid Windows-specific + (or cygwin-specific) code. This and the following changes from + Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> for current cygwin systems + +input.h + - add a B_TEXT flag to note when the underlying file descriptor is + opened in O_TEXT mode + +lib/sh/tmpfile.c + - make sure temporary files are opened in binary mode (O_BINARY) on + systems where it matters + +input.c + - make sure to set the B_TEXT flag if the file descriptor has O_TEXT + in its flags (returned by fcntl) + - change b_fill_buffer to compensate for lseek() and read() returning + different offsets on files opened in O_TEXT mode + - cygwin now is able to lseek on files and set the unbuffered and text + flags appropriately, so can use the general test for a seekable fd + - now that cygwin uses O_TEXT or O_BINARY appropriately, we no longer + have to manually translate \r\n to \n + +redir.c + - remove the Cygwin-1.1 code from here_document_to_fd; cygwin is now + up to version 1.7 and can unlink an open file descriptor + - make sure temporary files used for here documents are opened in + binary mode (O_BINARY) on systems where it matters + +execute_cmd.c,parse.y + - make sure error messages use all printable characters in filenames + and strings + +{builtins/evalfile,shell,subst}.c + - remove cygwin-specific calls to setmode to force file descriptors + into text mode, since we're using text or binary mode according to + the mode of the mount point + +execute_cmd.c + - when creating pipes and making them stdin and stdout, make sure to + tell stdio that the mode of the underlying file descriptor may have + changed from text to binary + +subst.c + - when creating pipes for command substitution, make sure to + tell stdio that the mode of the underlying file descriptor may have + changed from text to binary + + 1/3 + --- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - changes to the readonly documentation suggested by Jan Schampera + <jan.schampera@web.de> diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ index a28efcd3..be898c31 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ @@ -10784,6 +10784,10 @@ doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} configure.in - changed release status to 4.2-beta + 12/14 + ----- +[bash-4.2-beta frozen] + 12/18 ----- redir.c @@ -10806,3 +10810,95 @@ expr.c ----- lib/sh/fpurge.c - updated version from gnulib, inlined gnulib stdio-impl.h + + 12/24 + ----- +doc/bash.1 + - change the description of while and until to use `list-1' and + `list-2', similar to the Posix description. Suggested by + Jeff Haemer <jeffrey.haemer@gmail.com> + + 12/27 + ----- +execute_cmd.c + - slight changes to execute_command_internal and how it captures the + exit status of (command) and shell control structures with pipes to + avoid multiple variable assignments to last_command_exit_value + - change to execute_simple_command so that parent branches of shells + forked to execute commands in pipelines don't change $? to 0 + (if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) result = last_command_exit_value). Fixes + bug reported by Damien Nadà <dnade.ext@orange-ftgroup.com> + + 12/28 + ----- +configure.in + - changed version to bash-4.2-rc1 + + 1/2/2011 + -------- +lib/readline/complete.c + - fix rl_filename_completion_function to dequote and save users_dirname + before calling any function to transform the directory name passed + to opendir(). Fix from Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> + +lib/readline/doc/ + - make sure to note that rl_directory_completion_hook cannot modify + the directory name argument if it returns 0 + +bashline.c + - make sure that bash_directory_completion_hook consistently returns + non-zero whenever it modifies its directory name argument + +lib/readline/terminal.c + - don't bother with the declarations (extern or not) for PC, BS, and + UP if NCURSES_VERSION is defined, since ncurses defines local + versions of those symbols in the library. Fixes bug most recently + reported by Kevin Scott <kscott@eznet.net> against Mac OS X + +include/filecntl.h + - make sure O_TEXT and O_BINARY are defined to avoid Windows-specific + (or cygwin-specific) code. This and the following changes from + Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> for current cygwin systems + +input.h + - add a B_TEXT flag to note when the underlying file descriptor is + opened in O_TEXT mode + +lib/sh/tmpfile.c + - make sure temporary files are opened in binary mode (O_BINARY) on + systems where it matters + +input.c + - make sure to set the B_TEXT flag if the file descriptor has O_TEXT + in its flags (returned by fcntl) + - change b_fill_buffer to compensate for lseek() and read() returning + different offsets on files opened in O_TEXT mode + - cygwin now is able to lseek on files and set the unbuffered and text + flags appropriately, so can use the general test for a seekable fd + - now that cygwin uses O_TEXT or O_BINARY appropriately, we no longer + have to manually translate \r\n to \n + +redir.c + - remove the Cygwin-1.1 code from here_document_to_fd; cygwin is now + up to version 1.7 and can unlink an open file descriptor + - make sure temporary files used for here documents are opened in + binary mode (O_BINARY) on systems where it matters + +execute_cmd.c,parse.y + - make sure error messages use all printable characters in filenames + and strings + +{builtins/evalfile,shell,subst}.c + - remove cygwin-specific calls to setmode to force file descriptors + into text mode, since we're using text or binary mode according to + the mode of the mount point + +execute_cmd.c + - when creating pipes and making them stdin and stdout, make sure to + tell stdio that the mode of the underlying file descriptor may have + changed from text to binary + +subst.c + - when creating pipes for command substitution, make sure to + tell stdio that the mode of the underlying file descriptor may have + changed from text to binary @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ does not provide the necessary support. The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode. `--enable-select' - Include the `select' builtin, which allows the generation of simple - menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). + Include the `select' compound command, which allows the generation + of simple menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). `--enable-separate-helpfiles' Use external files for the documentation displayed by the `help' @@ -850,6 +850,7 @@ tests/exec5.sub f tests/exec6.sub f tests/exec7.sub f tests/exec8.sub f +tests/exec9.sub f tests/exp.tests f tests/exp.right f tests/exp1.sub f diff --git a/autom4te.cache/output.0 b/autom4te.cache/output.0 index bc7962ea..e9f8a84d 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/output.0 +++ b/autom4te.cache/output.0 @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ @%:@! /bin/sh -@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.034. +@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.035. @%:@ Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -@%:@ Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-beta. +@%:@ Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-rc1. @%:@ @%:@ Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>. @%:@ @@ -597,8 +597,8 @@ SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} # Identity of this package. PACKAGE_NAME='bash' PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash' -PACKAGE_VERSION='4.2-beta' -PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.2-beta' +PACKAGE_VERSION='4.2-rc1' +PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.2-rc1' PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org' ac_unique_file="shell.h" @@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 4.2-beta to adapt to many kinds of systems. +\`configure' configures bash 4.2-rc1 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.2-beta:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.2-rc1:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 4.2-beta +bash configure 4.2-rc1 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, @@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 4.2-beta, which was +It was created by bash $as_me 4.2-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was $ $0 $@ @@ -2078,7 +2078,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=4.2 -RELSTATUS=beta +RELSTATUS=rc1 case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -31862,7 +31862,7 @@ exec 6>&1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.2-beta, which was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.2-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES @@ -31925,7 +31925,7 @@ Report bugs to <bug-autoconf@gnu.org>." _ACEOF cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 4.2-beta +bash config.status 4.2-rc1 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63, with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\" diff --git a/autom4te.cache/requests b/autom4te.cache/requests index 4a5e08c9..014c1526 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/requests +++ b/autom4te.cache/requests @@ -15,25 +15,25 @@ 'configure.in' ], { - '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1, 'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1, - 'AC_INIT' => 1, + '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1, 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1, - '_AM_COND_IF' => 1, + 'AC_INIT' => 1, 'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1, - 'AC_SUBST' => 1, + '_AM_COND_IF' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1, - 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1, + 'AC_SUBST' => 1, 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1, + 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1, 'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1, 'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS' => 1, 'AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION' => 1, 'LT_CONFIG_LTDL_DIR' => 1, - 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1, - 'm4_sinclude' => 1, + 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1, 'LT_SUPPORTED_TAG' => 1, + 'm4_sinclude' => 1, 'AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' => 1, 'AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR' => 1, '_m4_warn' => 1, @@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ 'AC_CANONICAL_BUILD' => 1, 'AC_FC_FREEFORM' => 1, 'AH_OUTPUT' => 1, - '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1, - 'sinclude' => 1, - 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1, + '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1, 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1, - 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1, + 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1, + 'sinclude' => 1, 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1, + 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_HEADERS' => 1, 'AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL' => 1, 'm4_include' => 1, diff --git a/autom4te.cache/traces.0 b/autom4te.cache/traces.0 index 01d36405..973969c5 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/traces.0 +++ b/autom4te.cache/traces.0 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- AC_INIT([bash], [4.2-beta], [bug-bash@gnu.org]) +m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- AC_INIT([bash], [4.2-rc1], [bug-bash@gnu.org]) m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- m4_pattern_forbid([^_?A[CHUM]_]) m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- m4_pattern_forbid([_AC_]) m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- m4_pattern_forbid([^LIBOBJS$], [do not use LIBOBJS directly, use AC_LIBOBJ (see section `AC_LIBOBJ vs LIBOBJS']) @@ -2695,7 +2695,9 @@ bash_filename_rewrite_hook (fname, fnlen) } /* Handle symbolic link references and other directory name - expansions while hacking completion. */ + expansions while hacking completion. This should return 1 if it modifies + the DIRNAME argument, 0 otherwise. It should make sure not to modify + DIRNAME if it returns 0. */ static int bash_directory_completion_hook (dirname) char **dirname; @@ -2752,6 +2754,7 @@ bash_directory_completion_hook (dirname) { /* Dequote the filename even if we don't expand it. */ new_dirname = bash_dequote_filename (local_dirname, rl_completion_quote_character); + return_value = STREQ (local_dirname, new_dirname) == 0; free (local_dirname); local_dirname = *dirname = new_dirname; } @@ -2775,14 +2778,14 @@ bash_directory_completion_hook (dirname) free (temp1); temp1 = temp2; temp2 = sh_canonpath (temp1, PATH_CHECKDOTDOT|PATH_CHECKEXISTS); - return_value = temp2 != 0; + return_value |= temp2 != 0; } } /* If we can't canonicalize, bail. */ if (temp2 == 0) { free (temp1); - return 1; + return return_value; } len1 = strlen (temp1); if (temp1[len1 - 1] == '/') @@ -2795,10 +2798,12 @@ bash_directory_completion_hook (dirname) temp2[len2 + 1] = '\0'; } } + return_value |= STREQ (local_dirname, temp2) == 0; free (local_dirname); *dirname = temp2; free (temp1); } + return (return_value); } diff --git a/bashline.c~ b/bashline.c~ index edaa9242..7ce19361 100644 --- a/bashline.c~ +++ b/bashline.c~ @@ -499,11 +499,9 @@ initialize_readline () /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ rl_attempted_completion_function = attempt_shell_completion; -#if 0 /* Tell the completer that we might want to follow symbolic links or do other expansion on directory names. */ rl_directory_completion_hook = bash_directory_completion_hook; -#endif rl_filename_rewrite_hook = bash_filename_rewrite_hook; diff --git a/builtins/declare.def~ b/builtins/declare.def~ index 5a16c19e..55206fa7 100644 --- a/builtins/declare.def~ +++ b/builtins/declare.def~ @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is declare.def, from which is created declare.c. It implements the builtins "declare" and "local" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. diff --git a/builtins/evalfile.c b/builtins/evalfile.c index 3a48641b..4d69acb1 100644 --- a/builtins/evalfile.c +++ b/builtins/evalfile.c @@ -149,10 +149,6 @@ file_error_and_exit: return ((flags & FEVAL_BUILTIN) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : -1); } -#if defined (__CYGWIN__) && defined (O_TEXT) - setmode (fd, O_TEXT); -#endif - if (S_ISREG (finfo.st_mode) && file_size <= SSIZE_MAX) { string = (char *)xmalloc (1 + file_size); diff --git a/builtins/evalfile.c~ b/builtins/evalfile.c~ index 7c6c8bdf..3a48641b 100644 --- a/builtins/evalfile.c~ +++ b/builtins/evalfile.c~ @@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ extern int posixly_correct; extern int indirection_level, subshell_environment; extern int return_catch_flag, return_catch_value; extern int last_command_exit_value; +extern int executing_command_builtin; /* How many `levels' of sourced files we have. */ int sourcelevel = 0; @@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ source_file (filename, sflags) if (sflags) flags |= FEVAL_NOPUSHARGS; /* POSIX shells exit if non-interactive and file error. */ - if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0) + if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0 && executing_command_builtin == 0) flags |= FEVAL_LONGJMP; rval = _evalfile (filename, flags); diff --git a/builtins/setattr.def b/builtins/setattr.def index a21c4fb0..b3ca3170 100644 --- a/builtins/setattr.def +++ b/builtins/setattr.def @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export_builtin (list) $BUILTIN readonly $FUNCTION readonly_builtin -$SHORT_DOC readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p +$SHORT_DOC readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p Mark shell variables as unchangeable. Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be diff --git a/builtins/setattr.def~ b/builtins/setattr.def~ index f549d05f..a21c4fb0 100644 --- a/builtins/setattr.def~ +++ b/builtins/setattr.def~ @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is setattr.def, from which is created setattr.c. It implements the builtins "export" and "readonly", in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ #! /bin/sh -# From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.034. +# From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.035. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-beta. +# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-rc1. # # Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>. # @@ -597,8 +597,8 @@ SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} # Identity of this package. PACKAGE_NAME='bash' PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash' -PACKAGE_VERSION='4.2-beta' -PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.2-beta' +PACKAGE_VERSION='4.2-rc1' +PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.2-rc1' PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org' ac_unique_file="shell.h" @@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 4.2-beta to adapt to many kinds of systems. +\`configure' configures bash 4.2-rc1 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.2-beta:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.2-rc1:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 4.2-beta +bash configure 4.2-rc1 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, @@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 4.2-beta, which was +It was created by bash $as_me 4.2-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was $ $0 $@ @@ -2078,7 +2078,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=4.2 -RELSTATUS=beta +RELSTATUS=rc1 case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -31862,7 +31862,7 @@ exec 6>&1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.2-beta, which was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.2-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES @@ -31925,7 +31925,7 @@ Report bugs to <bug-autoconf@gnu.org>." _ACEOF cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 4.2-beta +bash config.status 4.2-rc1 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63, with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\" diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in index 3e746b17..07fc6d93 100644 --- a/configure.in +++ b/configure.in @@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. -AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.034])dnl +AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.035])dnl define(bashvers, 4.2) -define(relstatus, beta) +define(relstatus, rc1) AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org]) @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.12, for Bash version 4.1. +This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.12, for Bash version 4.2. This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command @@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'? Section B: The latest version -B1) What's new in version 4.1? -B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and +B1) What's new in version 4.2? +B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.2 and previous bash versions? Section C: Differences from other Unix shells @@ -144,26 +144,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University. A2) What's the latest version? -The latest version is 4.1, first made available on 31 December, 2009. +The latest version is 4.2, first made available on NN December, 2010. A3) Where can I get it? Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu. -The following URLs tell how to get version 4.1: +The following URLs tell how to get version 4.2: -ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz -ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.2.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.2.tar.gz Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs: -ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz -ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.2.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.2.tar.gz Any patches for the current version are available with the URL: -ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1-patches/ +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.2-patches/ A4) On what machines will bash run? @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status. Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems -with building bash-4.1, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed. +with building bash-4.2, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed. A6) How can I build bash with gcc? @@ -388,14 +388,88 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual Section B: The latest version -B1) What's new in version 4.1? +B1) What's new in version 4.2? -Bash-4.1 is the first revision to the fourth major release of bash. +Bash-4.2 is the second revision to the fourth major release of bash. -Bash-4.1 contains the following new features (see the manual page for -complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.1 +Bash-4.2 contains the following new features (see the manual page for +complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.2 distribution): +o `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a + leading #!. + +o Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or + builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is + specified. This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the + trap strings to persist until a new trap is set. + +o `trap -p' will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their + disposition still cannot be modified. + +o $'...', echo, and printf understand \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX escape sequences. + +o declare/typeset has a new `-g' option, which creates variables in the + global scope even when run in a shell function. + +o test/[/[[ have a new -v variable unary operator, which returns success if + `variable' has been set. + +o Posix parsing changes to allow `! time command' and multiple consecutive + instances of `!' (which toggle) and `time' (which have no cumulative + effect). + +o Posix change to allow `time' as a command by itself to print the elapsed + user, system, and real times for the shell and its children. + +o $((...)) is always parsed as an arithmetic expansion first, instead of as + a potential nested command substitution, as Posix requires. + +o A new FUNCNEST variable to allow the user to control the maximum shell + function nesting (recursive execution) level. + +o The mapfile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callback command: + the line about to be assigned to the supplied array index. + +o The printf builtin has as new %(fmt)T specifier, which allows time values + to use strftime-like formatting. + +o There is a new `compat41' shell option. + +o The cd builtin has a new Posix-mandated `-e' option. + +o Negative subscripts to indexed arrays, previously errors, now are treated + as offsets from the maximum assigned index + 1. + +o Negative length specifications in the ${var:offset:length} expansion, + previously errors, are now treated as offsets from the end of the variable. + +o Parsing change to allow `time -p --'. + +o Posix-mode parsing change to not recognize `time' as a keyword if the + following token begins with a `-'. This means no more Posix-mode + `time -p'. Posix interpretation 267. + +o There is a new `lastpipe' shell option that runs the last command of a + pipeline in the current shell context. The lastpipe option has no + effect if job control is enabled. + +o History expansion no longer expands the `$!' variable expansion. + +o Posix mode shells no longer exit if a variable assignment error occurs + with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin. + +o Non-interactive mode shells exit if -u is enabled an an attempt is made + to use an unset variable with the % or # expansions, the `//', `^', or + `,' expansions, or the parameter length expansion. + +o Posix-mode shells use the argument passed to `.' as-is if a $PATH search + fails, effectively searching the current directory. Posix-2008 change. + +A short feature history dating back to Bash-2.0: + +Bash-4.1 contained the following new features: + o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. @@ -502,8 +576,6 @@ o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key that enables eight-bit characters. -A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0: - Bash-4.0 contained the following new features: o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting @@ -901,10 +973,10 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone) lots of code now smaller and faster test suite greatly expanded -B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and +B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.2 and previous bash versions? -There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.1 and previous +There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.2 and previous versions. They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org (or bug-bash@gnu.org if you would like @@ -1118,7 +1190,7 @@ C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are? This list is current through ksh93t+ (05/05/2009) -New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: +New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.2: floating point arithmetic and variables math library functions ${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array @@ -1140,7 +1212,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: `fc' has been renamed to `hist' `.' can execute shell functions getopts -a - printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag + printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag read -n/-N differ/-v set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default) `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions) @@ -1148,16 +1220,14 @@ New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: [[ -R name ]] (checks whether or not name is a nameref) typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset - negative subscripts for indexed array variables array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]} associative array assignments using `;' as element separator command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell new >;/<>;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections brace expansion printf-like formats - [[ -v var ]] operators (checks whether or not var is set) -New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: +New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.2: associative arrays [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close) for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command @@ -1165,6 +1235,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: expansions: ${!param}, ${param:offset[:len]}, ${param/pat[/str]}, ${!param*} compound array assignment + negative subscripts for indexed array variables the `!' reserved word loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable' new $'...' and $"..." quoting @@ -1174,6 +1245,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins echo -e exec -c/-a + printf %T modifier read -A (bash uses read -a) read -t/-d trap -p @@ -1193,6 +1265,7 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: negative offsets in ${param:offset:length} redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname DEBUG can force skipping following command + [[ -v var ]] operator (checks whether or not var is set) Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells? diff --git a/doc/FAQ-4.1 b/doc/FAQ-4.1 index 36dcaae4..bb2c35de 100644 --- a/doc/FAQ-4.1 +++ b/doc/FAQ-4.1 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.10, for Bash version 4.1. +This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.12, for Bash version 4.1. This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command @@ -1778,7 +1778,8 @@ compat40 set - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current locale when comparing strings - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution - of the entire list to be aborted + of the entire list to be aborted (in versions before bash-4.0, + interrupting one command in a list caused the next to be executed) Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR tional operators such as --ff must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. - When used with [[[[, The << and >> operators sort lexicographically + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the ==== and !!== operators are used, the string to the right @@ -464,118 +464,119 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. - wwhhiillee _l_i_s_t; ddoo _l_i_s_t; ddoonnee - uunnttiill _l_i_s_t; ddoo _l_i_s_t; ddoonnee - The wwhhiillee command continuously executes the ddoo _l_i_s_t as long as - the last command in _l_i_s_t returns an exit status of zero. The - uunnttiill command is identical to the wwhhiillee command, except that the - test is negated; the ddoo _l_i_s_t is executed as long as the last - command in _l_i_s_t returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status - of the wwhhiillee and uunnttiill commands is the exit status of the last - ddoo _l_i_s_t command executed, or zero if none was executed. + wwhhiillee _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee + uunnttiill _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee + The wwhhiillee command continuously executes the list _l_i_s_t_-_2 as long + as the last command in the list _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns an exit status of + zero. The uunnttiill command is identical to the wwhhiillee command, + except that the test is negated; _l_i_s_t_-_2 is executed as long as + the last command in _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns a non-zero exit status. The + exit status of the wwhhiillee and uunnttiill commands is the exit status + of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t_-_2, or zero if none was exe- + cuted. CCoopprroocceesssseess A _c_o_p_r_o_c_e_s_s is a shell command preceded by the ccoopprroocc reserved word. A - coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command - had been terminated with the && control operator, with a two-way pipe + coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command + had been terminated with the && control operator, with a two-way pipe established between the executing shell and the coprocess. The format for a coprocess is: ccoopprroocc [_N_A_M_E] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n_s] - This creates a coprocess named _N_A_M_E. If _N_A_M_E is not supplied, the + This creates a coprocess named _N_A_M_E. If _N_A_M_E is not supplied, the default name is _C_O_P_R_O_C. _N_A_M_E must not be supplied if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a _s_i_m_- _p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word - of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates - an array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context of the - executing shell. The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a - pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file - descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[0]. The standard input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and - that file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[1]. This pipe is established - before any redirections specified by the command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell - commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process - ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the - value of the variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used + of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates + an array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context of the + executing shell. The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a + pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file + descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[0]. The standard input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and + that file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[1]. This pipe is established + before any redirections specified by the command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN + below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell + commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process + ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the + value of the variable _N_A_M_E_PID. The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate. The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. SShheellll FFuunnccttiioonn DDeeffiinniittiioonnss - A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and - executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. + A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and + executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. Shell functions are declared as follows: _n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] ffuunnccttiioonn _n_a_m_e [()] _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n] - This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn - is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the - parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- - pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). - That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but - may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above. _c_o_m_- + This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn + is optional. If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the + parentheses are optional. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com- + pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above). + That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but + may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above. _c_o_m_- _p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed whenever _n_a_m_e is specified as the name - of a simple command. Any redirections (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) - specified when a function is defined are performed when the - function is executed. The exit status of a function definition + of a simple command. Any redirections (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) + specified when a function is defined are performed when the + function is executed. The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists. When executed, the exit status of - a function is the exit status of the last command executed in + a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. (See FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below.) CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the iinntteerr-- - aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and - all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive - shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow + aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the sshhoopptt builtin is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and + all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive + shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow comments. The iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option is on by default in interac- tive shells. QQUUOOTTIINNGG - _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or - words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment + _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or + words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent parameter expansion. - Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special + Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. - When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- + When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS-- TTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below), the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, usually !!, must be quoted to prevent history expansion. - There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single + There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single quotes, and double quotes. - A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the + A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of - <newline>. If a \\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not - itself quoted, the \\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that + <newline>. If a \\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not + itself quoted, the \\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored). - Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of + Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. - Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of - all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, - when history expansion is enabled, !!. The characters $$ and `` retain - their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its - special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: - $$, ``, "", \\, or <<nneewwlliinnee>>. A double quote may be quoted within double + Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of + all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and, + when history expansion is enabled, !!. The characters $$ and `` retain + their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its + special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: + $$, ``, "", \\, or <<nneewwlliinnee>>. A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion - will be performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped + will be performed unless an !! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !! is not removed. - The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double + The special parameters ** and @@ have special meaning when in double quotes (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below). Words of the form $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' are treated specially. The word expands to - _s_t_r_i_n_g, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the - ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded + _s_t_r_i_n_g, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the + ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follows: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -589,217 +590,217 @@ QQUUOOTTIINNGG \\\\ backslash \\'' single quote \\"" double quote - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) \\cc_x a control-_x character - The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not + The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present. A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($$"_s_t_r_i_n_g") will cause - the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the - current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the + the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the + current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted. PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS - A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- + A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num- ber, or one of the special characters listed below under SSppeecciiaall PPaarraamm-- - eetteerrss. A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A variable has a - _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the - ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS). + eetteerrss. A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A variable has a + _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s. Attributes are assigned using the + ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS). A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is - a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using + a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the uunnsseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e may be assigned to by a statement of the form _n_a_m_e=[_v_a_l_u_e] - If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All - _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- + If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All + _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com- + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN-- SSIIOONN below). If the variable has its iinntteeggeerr attribute set, then _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion - is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below). Word splitting is not - performed, with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall - PPaarraammeetteerrss. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state- - ments may also appear as arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett, + is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below). Word splitting is not + performed, with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall + PPaarraammeetteerrss. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state- + ments may also appear as arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett, eexxppoorrtt, rreeaaddoonnllyy, and llooccaall builtin commands. - In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a + In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. When += is applied to a vari- - able for which the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated - as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, + able for which the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated + as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using - compound assignment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not + compound assignment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array - beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed + beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. - When applied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and + When applied to a string-valued variable, _v_a_l_u_e is expanded and appended to the variable's value. PPoossiittiioonnaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, + A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from - the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using - the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to - with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily + the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using + the sseett builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to + with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is + When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may + The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. - ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When - the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin- + ** Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin- gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable. That is, "$$**" is equiva- lent to "$$11_c$$22_c......", where _c is the first character of the value - of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are sepa- - rated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined + of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are sepa- + rated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. - @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "$$@@" is equivalent to "$$11" - "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, - the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- - ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last - parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. - When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to + "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, + the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- + ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last + parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. + When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). ## Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. - ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- + ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- ground pipeline. - -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- - tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell + -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- + tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the --ii option). - $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it - expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- + $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it + expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- shell. - !! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back- + !! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back- ground (asynchronous) command. - 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set + 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com- - mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started - with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after - the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is - set to the file name used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument + mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started + with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after + the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is + set to the file name used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument zero. - __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke - the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- - ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last - argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to - the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and + __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke + the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- + ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last + argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to + the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When check- - ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- + ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- rently being checked. SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess The following variables are set by the shell: - BBAASSHH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of + BBAASSHH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of bbaasshh. BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. BBAASSHHPPIIDD - Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This - differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells + Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This + differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting - array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. + array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC - An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in + An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack. The number - of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or - script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. - When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed + of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or + script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. + When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC. The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in - extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg + extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below) BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV - An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- + An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- rent bbaasshh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last - subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter + subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe- - cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The - shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see - the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin + cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The + shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see + the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below) BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; - unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the + unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD - The command currently being executed or about to be executed, + The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, - in which case it is the command executing at the time of the + in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG The command argument to the --cc invocation option. BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO - An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. + An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source + files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}) where $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or - $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH - An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary - operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index - 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular - expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the + An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary + operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index + 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular + expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. This vari- able is read-only. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames where - the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array - variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is - defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where + the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array + variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is + defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment + Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. The initial value is 0. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information - for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array + for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[2]] The patch level. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[3]] The build version. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]] The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a_1). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]] The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN - Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of + Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bbaasshh. CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current + An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY @@ -807,133 +808,133 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS rent completion function. CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE - The current command line. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + The current command line. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT - The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- - ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is + The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- + ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is - equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE - Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion - attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, - for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- - sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- - tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or - _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion + attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, + for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- + sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- + tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or + _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word - separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word + separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- - ual words in the current command line. The line is split into - words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- + ual words in the current command line. The line is split into + words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as described above. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file - descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess + CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file + descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see CCoopprroocceesssseess above). DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con- - tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack - in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning + tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack + in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo- - ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must + ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari- - able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". - This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. - Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error sta- - tus. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error sta- + tus. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. - Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in - BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For - instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file - $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For + instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- mation. - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the - current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect - and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect + and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current - command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, + command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. MMAAPPFFIILLEE - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied. OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. - OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- - tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- + OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- + tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- dent. PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit - status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit + status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). - PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- + PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- only. PPWWDD The current working directory as set by the ccdd command. @@ -941,7 +942,7 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM. If RRAANNDDOOMM is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE @@ -952,24 +953,24 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. SSEECCOONNDDSS - Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds - since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to - SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the - number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. + Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds + since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to + SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the + number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If SSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. SSHHLLVVLL Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started. @@ -977,225 +978,225 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS UUIIDD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. - The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh + The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. BBAASSHH__EENNVV - If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, - its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to + If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, + its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of BBAASSHH__EENNVV is - subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and - arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name. + subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and + arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant file name. BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD - If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, - bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is - enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed - when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting - BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace - output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting + If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, + bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is + enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed + when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting + BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace + output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated - list of directories in which the shell looks for destination - directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + list of directories in which the shell looks for destination + directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is ".:~:/usr". CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon + Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal + width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions - generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- + generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell - starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in + EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX + EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT - If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum - function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a - pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in + pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, - the command history is not saved when an interactive shell + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + the command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain - no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain + no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below). The default value is 500. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new- line>''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the - MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the - arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the + MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the + arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- tory. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK - Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The - default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the - shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this - variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number + Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The + default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the + shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this + variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. MMAAIILLPPAATTHH - A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail. + A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail. The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file - may be specified by separating the file name from the message + may be specified by separating the file name from the message with a `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- - tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent + BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- + tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is - set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''. PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- - tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- + tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- rection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1203,191 +1204,191 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no - timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no + timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is - interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after - issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting for + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after + issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including - arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are referenced using arbitrary strings. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as - an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t - evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one - greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to - the last element of the array). To explicitly declare an indexed + an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t + evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one + greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to + the last element of the array). To explicitly declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and - rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. + rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket - and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional - brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other- + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket + and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional + brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other- wise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax introduced above. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Care must be taken to - avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, - where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Care must be taken to + avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, + where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative - array. The rreeaadd builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative + array. The rreeaadd builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins - display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assign- + display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assign- ments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. - The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame- - ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done + The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame- + ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change - the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single - word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions + the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single + word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}" as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive. Note that both - _x and _y must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it - is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is + _x and _y must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it + is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of @@ -1397,36 +1398,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1434,176 +1435,176 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not - escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), a - level of variable indirection is introduced. BBaasshh uses the value of + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), a + level of variable indirection is introduced. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the vari- able; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest - of the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This - is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The exceptions to this are the expan- - sions of ${!!\\ffPPffIIpprreeffiixx**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The excla- - mation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to intro- + of the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This + is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The exceptions to this are the expan- + sions of ${!!\\ffPPffIIpprreeffiixx**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The excla- + mation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to intro- duce indirection. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented - below, bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the + When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented + below, bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special + _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. If - _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r start- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. If + _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r start- ing at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are - arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). If - _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used - as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h + arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). If + _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used + as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, and _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not @@ and - not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an + not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a num- - ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between - the two offsets. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h posi- - tional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an - indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the + ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between + the two offsets. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h posi- + tional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an + indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one greater than the max- - imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied + imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one - space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring - indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are - used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If - _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is pre- + space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring + indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are + used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If + _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is pre- fixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value - substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value + substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- tuted is the number of elements in the array. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the - expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the - result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with - the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest - matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ - or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of + a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the + result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with + the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ + or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are - replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are + replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin- ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with - %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol- lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the sub- - stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and + stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution + operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- - duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^^ operator - converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, - operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The - ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the - expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only - the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- - ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the - resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each - member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^^ operator + converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, + operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The + ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the + expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only + the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- + ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied + to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each + member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1616,160 +1617,162 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ``_c_o_m_m_a_n_d`` BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and replacing the com- - mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any + mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they - may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt + may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion, - command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be + command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes - (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form - of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes + (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form + of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- put connected to a _F_I_F_O or some file in //ddeevv//ffdd. The name of this file - is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the - expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- - vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as + is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the + expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- + vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If IIFFSS - is unset, or its value is exactly <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, - then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and - end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any - sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to - delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then + is unset, or its value is exactly <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, + then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and + end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any + sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to + delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee and ttaabb are ignored at the - beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is - in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in - IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace - characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters - is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word + beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is + in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in + IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace + characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters + is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no - values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within + values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument results and is retained. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no - matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not - enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, - and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell - option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed - and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- - betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the - character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a - slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is - set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be - matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not - treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no + matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not + enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, + and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell + option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed + and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the + character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a + slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is + set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be + matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not + treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- gglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the list of matches. The file names ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always - ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- - NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell + ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- + NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other file names beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To - get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', - make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is + get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', + make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the gglloobb-- - ssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a pathname expan- - sion context, two adjacent **s used as a single pattern will - match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. - If followed by a //, two adjacent **s will match only directories - and subdirectories. - ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac- - ters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n; any char- - acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using - the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is - matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ - then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order - of characters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the value of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE shell variable, if set. - A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac- - ter in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first - character in the set. - - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the - syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes - defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt - ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt - A character class matches any character belonging to that class. - The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the char- - acter _. - - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the - syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with the same colla- - tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character - _c. - - Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collating sym- - bol _s_y_m_b_o_l. + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ries. + ?? Matches any single character. + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that sorts between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the value of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE shell variable, if + set. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or + last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by includ- + ing it as the first character in the set. + + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following + classes defined in the POSIX standard: + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt + A character class matches any character belonging to that + class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, + and the character _. + + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with + the same collation weight (as defined by the current + locale) as the character _c. + + Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- + ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1787,55 +1790,55 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may - also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may + also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may follow a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. If >&- or - <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file + file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. If >&- or + <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file descriptor to close. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan- - sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it + sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table: //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -1845,22 +1848,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -1868,27 +1871,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -1897,11 +1900,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -1915,8 +1918,8 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -1928,9 +1931,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>>>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard input for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -1939,18 +1942,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or + No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any characters in _w_o_r_d are - quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the - lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all - lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the - character sequence \\<<nneewwlliinnee>> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote + quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the + lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all + lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- + mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the + character sequence \\<<nneewwlliinnee>> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -1966,20 +1969,20 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. @@ -1988,7 +1991,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -1996,7 +1999,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2004,117 +2007,117 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not - available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always - put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- + available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always + put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- pound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, - defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, + defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- - tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc - EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check - for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. - The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the - same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped - into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc + EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check + for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. + The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the + same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped + into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -2142,47 +2145,47 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 - representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If - _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are - represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, - in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and - uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 + representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If + _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are + represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, + in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and + uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, The << and >> operators sort lexicographically using - the current locale. + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists. @@ -2220,27 +2223,27 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2250,7 +2253,7 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt command for POSIX conformance. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 !!== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 @@ -2263,107 +2266,107 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive or negative integers. SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - with the original command and the original command's arguments as its - arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of - the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error + with the original command and the original command's arguments as its + arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of + the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2371,242 +2374,242 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the - full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- ronment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands - are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell + are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt - strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt + strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2616,7 +2619,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2625,8 +2628,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated - with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- able) \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2635,66 +2638,66 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -2702,19 +2705,19 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro - and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -2725,15 +2728,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -2741,7 +2744,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -2752,7 +2755,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -2762,20 +2765,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -2785,190 +2788,190 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is - asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are + asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((00)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using - readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for - instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for + instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against the both full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- specific settings. Each program using the readline - library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -2983,51 +2986,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3043,17 +3046,17 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the - screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3061,136 +3064,136 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to - extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had + extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his- tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See - HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. + HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xxCC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the - result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) - Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of - the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last + Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of + the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not bound to ddeelleettee--cchhaarr, then return EEOOFF. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) - Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3199,31 +3202,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -3232,65 +3235,65 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- - lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the - numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, - if this command is immediately followed by a character that is - neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, + if this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n - moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative - argument may be used to move backward through the list. This - command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by + moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3299,213 +3302,213 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equivalent to MMeettaa--ff. uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<<ssppaaccee>>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) - Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. + Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- grammable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being - completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the - third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. No filtering of the generated completions - against the word being completed is performed; the function or command + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being + completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the + third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. No filtering of the generated completions + against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- ing the pattern will be removed. @@ -3513,44 +3516,44 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -3561,135 +3564,135 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- - tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character - followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the - preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed - depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- - active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- + tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the + preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed + depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- + active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- tory list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the lines - are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- - written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, - the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, time + are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- + written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, + the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the history comment - character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other his- tory lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to - contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, + contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, no truncation is performed. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two - parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two + parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history - is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are - _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected + is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are + _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read- - ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by - quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by - the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by - default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history + ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by + quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by + the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by + default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] Refer to the most recent command preceding the current postition - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) @@ -3699,17 +3702,17 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN $$ The last argument. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head. @@ -3718,74 +3721,74 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the - options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options + options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, bbrreeaakk, ccoonnttiinnuuee, lleett, - and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- - out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not - specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as + and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- + out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not + specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpretation. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s - and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, file - names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- - _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the - status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no - commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or + names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- + _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the + status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no + commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVV] @@ -3794,28 +3797,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -3827,157 +3830,157 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the - default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for - the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in - CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in - CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If - _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP - option says to use the physical directory structure instead of - following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the + default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for + the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in + CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in + CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If + _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP + option says to use the physical directory structure instead of + following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links to be fol- - lowed. If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and the current + lowed. If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc- cessful directory change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. - An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non-empty - directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argu- + An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non-empty + directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argu- ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path- - name of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- + name of the new working directory is written to the standard + output. The return value is true if the directory was success- fully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or file name + option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion + remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' + command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command + for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE + option indicates that the remaining options and actions should + apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -3985,7 +3988,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -3994,17 +3997,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4013,173 +4016,173 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- - pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- + pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- pleted. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the + remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options are ignored. When --pp is - supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes - and values of all variables having the attributes specified by - the additional options. If no other options are supplied with - --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell - variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell + supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes + and values of all variables having the attributes specified by + the additional options. If no other options are supplied with + --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell + variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits the display of function defi- - nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If - the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source + nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If + the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the function is defined are dis- played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces - variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even - when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in - all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict - output to variables with the specified attribute or to give + variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even + when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in + all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict + output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used + able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, makes each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, - unless the --ggPP ooppttiioonn iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, IIff aa vvaarriiaabbllee nnaammee iiss ffooll-- + unless the --ggPP ooppttiioonn iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, IIff aa vvaarriiaabbllee nnaammee iiss ffooll-- lloowweedd bbyy ==_v_a_l_u_e,, tthhee vvaalluuee ooff tthhee vvaarriiaabbllee iiss sseett ttoo _v_a_l_u_e.. TThhee - rreettuurrnn vvaalluuee iiss 00 uunnlleessss aann iinnvvaalliidd ooppttiioonn iiss eennccoouunntteerreedd,, aann - aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo ddeeffiinnee aa ffuunnccttiioonn uussiinngg ````--ff ffoooo==bbaarr'''',, aann - aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aa rreeaaddoonnllyy vvaarriiaabbllee,, aann - aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aann aarrrraayy vvaarriiaabbllee wwiitthhoouutt - uussiinngg tthhee ccoommppoouunndd aassssiiggnnmmeenntt ssyynnttaaxx ((sseeee AArrrraayyss above), one of + rreettuurrnn vvaalluuee iiss 00 uunnlleessss aann iinnvvaalliidd ooppttiioonn iiss eennccoouunntteerreedd,, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo ddeeffiinnee aa ffuunnccttiioonn uussiinngg ````--ff ffoooo==bbaarr'''',, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aa rreeaaddoonnllyy vvaarriiaabbllee,, aann + aatttteemmpptt iiss mmaaddee ttoo aassssiiggnn aa vvaalluuee ttoo aann aarrrraayy vvaarriiaabbllee wwiitthhoouutt + uussiinngg tthhee ccoommppoouunndd aassssiiggnnmmeenntt ssyynnttaaxx ((sseeee AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made - to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt - is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an + to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt + is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccllppvv]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format + --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of - active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nor --rr - is supplied, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If + Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of + active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nor --rr + is supplied, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the ta- - ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the - shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither - the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. + ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the + shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither + the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option means to remove or mark - all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts - operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- + all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts + operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- _s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. The return status is always 0. If --nn is specified, the trailing - newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- - tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. - The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- - acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. - The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine - whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. - eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo + newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- + tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. + The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- + acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. + The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine + whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. + eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4192,190 +4195,190 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi- rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status - is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. + is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are - exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the - export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable - name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to - _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are + exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the + export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable + name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to + _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func- tion. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t - to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may - be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning - with that string) or as a number (an index into the history + Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t + to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may + be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning + with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur- rent command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the - current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the + current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not spec- - ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for + ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is - ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is + ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com- mand. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4391,44 +4394,44 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. --rr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. - --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- + --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- ing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4437,195 +4440,195 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed - status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + status since the user was last notified of their status. + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Restrict output to running jobs. --ss Restrict output to stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. --tt Remove a trailing newline from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, - backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal + backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits). - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories - and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, + and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding - directories to the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding + directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the - second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- - ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer + second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- + ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names - are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to - split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be - used to remove any special meaning for the next character read - and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- + are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to + split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be + used to remove any special meaning for the next character read + and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- lowing meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -4633,132 +4636,132 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than - waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim- + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read. --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new- line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_- - _o_u_t may be a decimal number with a fractional portion - following the decimal point. This option is only effec- - tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or - other special file; it has no effect when reading from - regular files. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns success if - input is available on the specified file descriptor, - failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_- + _o_u_t may be a decimal number with a fractional portion + following the decimal point. This option is only effec- + tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or + other special file; it has no effect when reading from + regular files. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns success if + input is available on the specified file descriptor, + failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is - encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is - greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as + able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is + encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is + greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAppff] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is - supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp - option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be - reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the - value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is + supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp + option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be + reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the + value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not - a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that + a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. - If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command - executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but - during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it + Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. + If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command + executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but + during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either - _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the - script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a - function and not during execution of a script by .., the return + _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the + script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a + function and not during execution of a script by .., the return status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is - executed before execution resumes after the function or script. + executed before execution resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: - --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are - modified or created for export to the environment of + --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are + modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l command enclosed in - parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of - a command list enclosed by braces (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l command enclosed in + parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of + a command list enclosed by braces (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not - exit if the command that fails is part of the command - list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, - part of the test following the iiff or eelliiff reserved - words, part of any command executed in a &&&& or |||| list - except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any - command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's - return value is being inverted with !!. A trap on EERRRR, + exit if the command that fails is part of the command + list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, + part of the test following the iiff or eelliiff reserved + words, part of any command executed in a &&&& or |||| list + except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any + command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's + return value is being inverted with !!. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- - cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- - taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- + cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- + taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- tion. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -4766,10 +4769,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -4783,8 +4786,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -4799,232 +4802,236 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav- ior. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list of all set- table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not - each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a - form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- + each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a + form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec- - tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled + tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com- - mand's ==~~ operator. + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + command's ==~~ operator. ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's << and >> operators. + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators. + Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and + _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's + collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's << and >> operators and - the effect of interrupting a command list. + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. ccoommppaatt4411 - @item compat41 If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats + @item compat41 If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as - a special character. The single quotes must match (an - even number) and the characters between the single - quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of + a special character. The single quotes must match (an + even number) and the characters between the single + quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1. The default bash behav- ior remains as in previous versions. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is + If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to rreettuurrnn is simulated. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- @@ -5035,62 +5042,62 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -5098,48 +5105,48 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] - Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the - conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be - a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries - described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not + Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the + conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be + a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries + described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5156,35 +5163,38 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + graphically using ASCII ordering. + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. @@ -5467,4 +5477,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash-4.2 2010 December 6 BASH(1) +GNU Bash-4.2 2010 December 28 BASH(1) @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@po.cwru.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Fri Dec 24 16:00:06 EST 2010 +.\" Last Change: Tue Dec 28 13:41:43 EST 2010 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2010 December 24" "GNU Bash-4.2" +.TH BASH 1 "2010 December 28" "GNU Bash-4.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Conditional operators such as \fB\-f\fP must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 -When used with \fB[[\fP, The \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort +When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 @@ -1475,7 +1475,6 @@ this instance of The values assigned to the array members are as follows: .sp .5 .RS -.PD 0 .TP 24 .B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR0\fP] The major version number (the \fIrelease\fP). @@ -1496,7 +1495,6 @@ The release status (e.g., \fIbeta1\fP). The value of .SM .BR MACHTYPE . -.PD .RE .TP .B BASH_VERSION @@ -1863,7 +1861,7 @@ A sample value is .if n ".:~:/usr". .TP .B COLUMNS -Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a .SM .BR SIGWINCH . @@ -2095,7 +2093,7 @@ strings preceded by a \fB$\fP. This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. .TP .B LINES -Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a .SM .BR SIGWINCH . @@ -2276,6 +2274,7 @@ If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS\(aq\fP. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. +.PD 0 .TP .B TMOUT If set to a value greater than zero, @@ -2451,6 +2450,9 @@ builtins each accept a option to specify an indexed array and a .B \-A option to specify an associative array. +If both options are supplied, +.B \-A +takes precedence. The .B read builtin accepts a @@ -2675,7 +2677,7 @@ a level of variable indirection is introduced. expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of \fIparameter\fP itself. This is known as \fIindirect expansion\fP. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${\fB!\\fPfIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} and +The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} and ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. @@ -2949,7 +2951,6 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. .PP \fICommand substitution\fP allows the output of a command to replace the command name. There are two forms: -.PP .RS .PP \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\|\fB)\fP @@ -3986,8 +3987,9 @@ Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 -When used with \fB[[\fP, The \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort +When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The \fBtest\fP command sorts using ASCII ordering. .sp 1 .PD 0 .TP @@ -4241,7 +4243,6 @@ arguments, if any. .SH COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT The shell has an \fIexecution environment\fP, which consists of the following: -.if n .sp 1 .IP \(bu open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the \fBexec\fP builtin @@ -7224,10 +7225,10 @@ with the exceptions that \fB+a\fP may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fP will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, makes each -\fIname\fP local, as with the +\fIname\fP local, as with the .B local command, -unless the \fB\-g\P option is supplied, +unless the \fB\-g\fP option is supplied, If a variable name is followed by =\fIvalue\fP, the value of the variable is set to \fIvalue\fP. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, @@ -7794,9 +7795,10 @@ Display the description of each \fIpattern\fP in a manpage-like format .B \-s Display only a short usage synopsis for each \fIpattern\fP .PD -.RE +.PP The return status is 0 unless no command matches .IR pattern . +.RE .TP \fBhistory [\fIn\fP] .PD 0 @@ -8370,7 +8372,7 @@ times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to \fB\-u\fP. .RE .TP -\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-aApf\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...] +\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-aAf\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...] .PD The given \fInames\fP are marked readonly; the values of these @@ -8386,11 +8388,16 @@ The option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the .B \-A option restricts the variables to associative arrays. +If both options are supplied, +.B \-A +takes precedence. If no .I name arguments are given, or if the .B \-p option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. +The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of +the set of readonly names. The .B \-p option causes output to be displayed in a format that @@ -8910,24 +8917,29 @@ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's \fB=~\fP operator. +arguments to the \fB[[\fP conditional command's \fB=~\fP operator. .TP 8 .B compat32 If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP -operators. +string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP +conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and +.IR strcmp (3); +bash-4.1 and later +use the current locale's collation sequence and +.IR strcoll (3). .TP 8 .B compat40 If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP -operators and the effect of interrupting a command list. +string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP +conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. .TP 8 .B compat41 -@item compat41 If set, .BR bash , when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted @@ -9030,7 +9042,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 .B globstar If set, the pattern \fB**\fP used in a pathname expansion context will -match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. +match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a \fB/\fP, only directories and subdirectories match. .TP 8 @@ -9181,6 +9193,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. If set, the \fBecho\fP builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. .RE +.PD .TP \fBsuspend\fP [\fB\-f\fP] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a @@ -9288,6 +9301,11 @@ precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. +.if t .sp 0.5 +.if n .sp 1 +.LP +When used with \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators +sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. .RE .PD .TP @@ -9867,7 +9885,7 @@ it provides for filing a bug report. .PP Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to -.IR chet@po.cwru.edu . +.IR chet.ramey@case.edu . .SH BUGS .PP It's too big and too slow. diff --git a/doc/bash.1~ b/doc/bash.1~ index ca324656..933b95d6 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1~ +++ b/doc/bash.1~ @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@po.cwru.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Fri Dec 24 16:00:06 EST 2010 +.\" Last Change: Tue Dec 28 13:41:43 EST 2010 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2010 December 24" "GNU Bash-4.2" +.TH BASH 1 "2010 December 28" "GNU Bash-4.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Conditional operators such as \fB\-f\fP must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 -When used with \fB[[\fP, The \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort +When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 @@ -1475,7 +1475,6 @@ this instance of The values assigned to the array members are as follows: .sp .5 .RS -.PD 0 .TP 24 .B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR0\fP] The major version number (the \fIrelease\fP). @@ -1496,7 +1495,6 @@ The release status (e.g., \fIbeta1\fP). The value of .SM .BR MACHTYPE . -.PD .RE .TP .B BASH_VERSION @@ -1863,7 +1861,7 @@ A sample value is .if n ".:~:/usr". .TP .B COLUMNS -Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a .SM .BR SIGWINCH . @@ -2095,7 +2093,7 @@ strings preceded by a \fB$\fP. This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. .TP .B LINES -Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a .SM .BR SIGWINCH . @@ -2276,6 +2274,7 @@ If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS\(aq\fP. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. +.PD 0 .TP .B TMOUT If set to a value greater than zero, @@ -2451,6 +2450,9 @@ builtins each accept a option to specify an indexed array and a .B \-A option to specify an associative array. +If both options are supplied, +.B \-A +takes precedence. The .B read builtin accepts a @@ -2675,7 +2677,7 @@ a level of variable indirection is introduced. expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of \fIparameter\fP itself. This is known as \fIindirect expansion\fP. -The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${\fB!\\fPfIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} and +The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} and ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. @@ -2949,7 +2951,6 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. .PP \fICommand substitution\fP allows the output of a command to replace the command name. There are two forms: -.PP .RS .PP \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\|\fB)\fP @@ -3296,6 +3297,7 @@ and the syntax \fB[.\fP\fIsymbol\fP\fB.]\fP matches the collating symbol \fIsymbol\fP. .RE +.RE .PD .PP If the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using the \fBshopt\fP @@ -3985,8 +3987,9 @@ Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 -When used with \fB[[\fP, The \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort +When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The \fBtest\fP command sorts using ASCII ordering. .sp 1 .PD 0 .TP @@ -4240,7 +4243,6 @@ arguments, if any. .SH COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT The shell has an \fIexecution environment\fP, which consists of the following: -.if n .sp 1 .IP \(bu open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the \fBexec\fP builtin @@ -7223,10 +7225,10 @@ with the exceptions that \fB+a\fP may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fP will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, makes each -\fIname\fP local, as with the +\fIname\fP local, as with the .B local command, -unless the \fB\-g\P option is supplied, +unless the \fB\-g\fP option is supplied, If a variable name is followed by =\fIvalue\fP, the value of the variable is set to \fIvalue\fP. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, @@ -7793,9 +7795,10 @@ Display the description of each \fIpattern\fP in a manpage-like format .B \-s Display only a short usage synopsis for each \fIpattern\fP .PD -.RE +.PP The return status is 0 unless no command matches .IR pattern . +.RE .TP \fBhistory [\fIn\fP] .PD 0 @@ -8369,7 +8372,7 @@ times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to \fB\-u\fP. .RE .TP -\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-aApf\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...] +\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-aAf\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...] .PD The given \fInames\fP are marked readonly; the values of these @@ -8385,11 +8388,16 @@ The option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the .B \-A option restricts the variables to associative arrays. +If both options are supplied, +.B \-A +takes precedence. If no .I name arguments are given, or if the .B \-p option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. +The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of +the set of readonly names. The .B \-p option causes output to be displayed in a format that @@ -8909,24 +8917,29 @@ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's \fB=~\fP operator. +arguments to the \fB[[\fP conditional command's \fB=~\fP operator. .TP 8 .B compat32 If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP -operators. +string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP +conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and +.IR strcmp (3); +bash-4.1 and later +use the current locale's collation sequence and +.IR strcoll (3). .TP 8 .B compat40 If set, .B bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP -operators and the effect of interrupting a command list. +string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP +conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. .TP 8 .B compat41 -@item compat41 If set, .BR bash , when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted @@ -9029,7 +9042,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 .B globstar If set, the pattern \fB**\fP used in a pathname expansion context will -match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. +match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a \fB/\fP, only directories and subdirectories match. .TP 8 @@ -9180,6 +9193,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. If set, the \fBecho\fP builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. .RE +.PD .TP \fBsuspend\fP [\fB\-f\fP] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a @@ -9287,6 +9301,11 @@ precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. +.if t .sp 0.5 +.if n .sp 1 +.LP +When used with \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators +sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. .RE .PD .TP diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index ea38c954..d1b64895 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ </HEAD> <BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 December 6<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 December 28<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A> @@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ as primaries. <P> -When used with <B>[[</B>, The <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort +When used with <B>[[</B>, the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. <P> @@ -1126,26 +1126,23 @@ the corresponding <B>then</B> <I>list</I> is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the <B>else</B> <I>list</I> is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. -<DT><B>while</B> <I>list</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list</I>; <B>done</B><DD> +<DT><B>while</B> <I>list-1</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list-2</I>; <B>done</B><DD> -<DT><B>until</B> <I>list</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list</I>; <B>done</B><DD> +<DT><B>until</B> <I>list-1</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list-2</I>; <B>done</B><DD> -The <B>while</B> command continuously executes the <B>do</B> -<I>list</I> as long as the last command in <I>list</I> returns +The <B>while</B> command continuously executes the list +<I>list-2</I> as long as the last command in the list <I>list-1</I> returns an exit status of zero. The <B>until</B> command is identical to the <B>while</B> command, except that the test is negated; -the -<B>do</B> - -<I>list</I> +<I>list-2</I> is executed as long as the last command in -<I>list</I> +<I>list-1</I> returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status of the <B>while</B> and <B>until</B> commands is the exit status -of the last <B>do</B> <I>list</I> command executed, or zero if +of the last command executed in <I>list-2</I>, or zero if none was executed. </DL> <A NAME="lbAP"> </A> @@ -2399,7 +2396,7 @@ A sample value is <DT><B>COLUMNS</B> <DD> -Used by the <B>select</B> builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the <B>select</B> compound command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGWINCH</B>. @@ -2692,7 +2689,7 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. <DT><B>LINES</B> <DD> -Used by the <B>select</B> builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the <B>select</B> compound command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGWINCH</B>. @@ -4104,6 +4101,7 @@ The special pattern characters have the following meanings: <P> +<DL COMPACT><DT><DD> <DL COMPACT> <DT><B>*</B> @@ -4210,6 +4208,8 @@ the syntax <B>[.</B><I>symbol</I><B>.]</B> matches the collating symbol <I>symbol</I>. </DL> +</DL> + <P> @@ -5140,8 +5140,9 @@ links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. <P> -When used with <B>[[</B>, The <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort +When used with <B>[[</B>, the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The <B>test</B> command sorts using ASCII ordering. <P> <DL COMPACT> @@ -11401,7 +11402,7 @@ If set, <B>bash</B> changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted -arguments to the conditional command's <B>=~</B> operator. +arguments to the <B>[[</B> conditional command's <B>=~</B> operator. <DT><B>compat32</B> <DD> @@ -11409,8 +11410,15 @@ If set, <B>bash</B> changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's <B><</B> and <B>></B> -operators. +string comparison when using the <B>[[</B> +conditional command's <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and +<I>strcmp</I>(3); + +bash-4.1 and later +use the current locale's collation sequence and +<I>strcoll</I>(3). + <DT><B>compat40</B> <DD> @@ -11418,8 +11426,9 @@ If set, <B>bash</B> changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's <B><</B> and <B>></B> -operators and the effect of interrupting a command list. +string comparison when using the <B>[[</B> +conditional command's <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. <DT><B>compat41</B> <DD> @@ -11865,7 +11874,15 @@ precedence using the rules listed above. <DT>5 or more arguments<DD> The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. -</DL></DL> +<P> + + +</DL> +<P> + +When used with <B>test</B> or <B>[</B>, the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators +sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. +</DL> <DT><B>times</B> @@ -12674,7 +12691,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. <HR> <TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 December 6<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 December 28<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <HR> @@ -12780,6 +12797,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. </DL> <HR> This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR> -Time: 07 December 2010 16:12:47 EST +Time: 28 December 2010 14:30:29 EST </BODY> </HTML> diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf Binary files differindex ead570a4..18a7e969 100644 --- a/doc/bash.pdf +++ b/doc/bash.pdf diff --git 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+E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax) +3.071 F F2([:)3.07 E F3(class)A F2(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F3 +(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)180 462 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F2 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 474 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 486 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 498 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F2 -.1 +(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 510 Q -.4(Wi) +180 528 S(thin).4 E F2([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F2(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F3 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F2([=)4.537 E F3(c)A F2(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 540 R +(the character)180 552 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 570 S(thin).4 E F2 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.)2.5 +E F3(symbol)A F2(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F3(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 586.8 R F2(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 (shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -574.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 +598.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 586.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 610.8 Q F3 +108 610.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 634.8 Q F3 (pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 622.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 634.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 646.8 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 658.8 Q F3 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 646.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 658.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 670.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 682.8 Q F3 (pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 670.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 682.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 694.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 706.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 718.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(23)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 694.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 706.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 718.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E +(23)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 -1.112(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 96 Q(ything e)-.15 E +(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E +F1(Quote Remo)87 112.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 +(After the preceding e)108 124.8 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) -108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F -/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 -(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616(by the shell.)108 -148.8 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and close \214les for\ - the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617(cution en).15 F(viron-) --.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 160.8 R(follo)3.275 E .774 -(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 -(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E -(may follo)108 172.8 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 136.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 153.6 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 165.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616 +(by the shell.)108 177.6 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\ +d close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 +(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 189.6 R(follo)3.275 E +.774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 +(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E +(may follo)108 201.6 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G (edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) -2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection tha\ t may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded\ - by a w)108 189.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 201.6 R F3 + by a w)108 218.4 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 230.4 R F2 (varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 213.6 -S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F3 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 242.4 +S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F2 (varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F3(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25 -(va)108 225.6 S(lue of).25 E F3(varname)2.5 E F0 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F2(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25 +(va)108 254.4 S(lue of).25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 (de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 -242.4 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +271.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 -(ion operator is)108 254.4 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(ion operator is)108 283.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 266.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 295.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 283.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 312 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 -(jected to brace e)108 295.2 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 +(jected to brace e)108 324 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 -(sion, quote remo)108 307.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F -.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 -F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0 -(reports an error)108 319.2 Q(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 336 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 352.8 Q F1(>)2.5 +(sion, quote remo)108 336 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843 +(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F +.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0 +(reports an error)108 348 Q(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 364.8 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 381.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 369.6 -Q F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -386.4 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 403.2 R F3(dirlist)3.027 -E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 398.4 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 +415.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 432 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E +F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 415.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 432 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +(output before the standard output w)108 444 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 460.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 444 Q F1(/de)144 460.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F3(fd)A F0 -(If)180 472.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E -2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E -F1(/de)144 484.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) -180 496.8 Q F1(/de)144 508.8 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 520.8 Q F1(/de)144 532.8 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 544.8 Q F1(/de) -144 556.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 568.8 Q -F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 472.8 Q F1(/de)144 489.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A +F0(If)180 501.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 +E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 +E F1(/de)144 513.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) +180 525.6 Q F1(/de)144 537.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 549.6 Q F1(/de)144 561.6 Q +(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 573.6 Q F1(/de) +144 585.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 597.6 Q +F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 580.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 609.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E F1(/de)144 592.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If) -180 604.8 Q F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +-.1 E F1(/de)144 621.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If) +180 633.6 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 616.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 645.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E 2.5(Af)108 633.6 S +-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 662.4 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E (ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 650.4 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +hould be used with care, as the)108 679.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 662.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -679.2 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 -(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 691.2 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 703.2 Q F3 -(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F3(n)2.86 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(24)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 691.2 Q(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 100.8 Q(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 -.174 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) +108 96 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.231 E(d) +-.37 E F0 .391(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor) +108 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 158.4 Q +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 112.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 124.8 -R F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +108 170.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F --.15(ex)108 136.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 194.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 187.2 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 199.2 R +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 256.8 R .658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 (ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 211.2 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C -2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E -F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E +F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -223.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) --2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 -240 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 252 R .642 +280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 +297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 264 R F1(n)2.973 E F0 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 .474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -276 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 292.8 Q([)144 309.6 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 331.2 Q +333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 388.8 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 343.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 400.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -355.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 372 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2 -(&>)144 388.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 400.8 Q F2(>&)144 412.8 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 429.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +412.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 429.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 +(&>)144 446.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 458.4 Q F1(>&)144 470.4 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 487.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 446.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 468 S +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 504 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E +F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 525.6 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 480 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ -e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 492 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(This construct allo)108 537.6 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +549.6 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -508.8 Q F2(&>>)144 525.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 542.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(>>)144 559.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 -576 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection ins\ -tructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line con\ -taining only)108 588 R F1(delimiter)108.35 600 Q F0 .614 +566.4 Q F1(&>>)144 583.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>>) +144 616.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 633.6 +Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection instruc\ +ts the shell to read input from the current source until a line contain\ +ing only)108 645.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 657.6 Q F0 .614 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input for a command.)108 612 Q(The format of here-documents is:) -108 628.8 Q F2(<<)144 645.6 Q F0([)A F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E -(her)164 657.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 669.6 Q F0 .128 -(No parameter e)108 686.4 R .127 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -698.4 Q F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G -1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E -F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 -(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) --3.275 E F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 -(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 710.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If) --.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 -(subjected to parameter e)108 722.4 R .695 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 -(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(25)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +F(dard input for a command.)108 669.6 Q +(The format of here-documents is:)108 686.4 Q F1(<<)144 703.2 Q F0([)A +F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 715.2 Q(e-document)-.37 E +(delimiter)144 727.2 Q F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 +E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(character sequence)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\<newline>)2.5 -E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 100.8 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +-.35 E .128(No parameter e)108 84 R .127 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 +96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G +3.274(fa)-5.774 G 1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1 +(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 +E F0 .774(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo) +.25 G(n)-3.275 E F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E +.905(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 108 R 3.405 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 +(subjected to parameter e)108 120 R .695 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 +(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F +(character sequence)108 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0 +(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 148.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 160.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 +(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 129.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 141.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1 -(<<<)144 158.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 175.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d) +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 177.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 189.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2 +(<<<)144 206.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 223.2 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E -(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 192 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -204 Q([)144 220.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 237.6 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F2 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 240 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +252 Q([)144 268.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 285.6 R(If)5.127 E +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -249.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +297.6 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 261.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 273.6 Q -(The operator)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 309.6 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 321.6 Q +(The operator)108 338.4 Q([)144 355.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 324 R(If) -5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 372 R(If) +5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 336 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 384 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor)4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ - a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 348 R 2.597(as)2.597 G -.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 -F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 + a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 396 R 2.597(as)2.597 G +.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 +F F1(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 (xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F -(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 360 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 376.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 388.8 Q([)144 405.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) -A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 422.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G -.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 -(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) --3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 434.4 Q F2(digit)5 -E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 451.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 468 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 484.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 -(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 408 Q +(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 424.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 436.8 Q([)144 453.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&) +A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G +.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 +(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) +-3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1 +(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 482.4 Q F1(digit)5 +E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(Similarly)108 499.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) +144 516 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 532.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1 +(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 496.8 Q F1 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 513.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([)144 542.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) -A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -559.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 +.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 544.8 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 561.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 573.6 Q([)144 590.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +607.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 571.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +108 619.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 588 Q F2(Aliases)108 600 Q F0(allo)3.174 E +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 636 Q F1(Aliases)108 648 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 612 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 624 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 660 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 672 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 636 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +F(check)108 684 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 (If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 648 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 696 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 660 R 1.119 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 708 R 1.119 (replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 672 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 720 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 684 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 696 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 708 Q(ord follo)-.1 E -(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 724.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6) -138.465 E(26)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .284(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 84 R .284 +-.35 E .295(not e)108 84 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ls)2.796 E +F0(to)2.796 E F1 .296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296 +(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F +.543(to recursi)108 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543 +(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543 +(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542(alue is a)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 108 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 124.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 141.6 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 96 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.22(Aliases are not e)108 112.8 R 1.22 +108 153.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E 1.22(Aliases are not e)108 170.4 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand_aliases)3.72 E -F0 1.22(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 124.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F1 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 182.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F3 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -141.6 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +199.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 (wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +(one complete line of input before e)108 211.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 (he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 165.6 S .904 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 223.2 S .904 (ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 177.6 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +(another command does not tak)108 235.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F 1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 189.6 R .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 247.2 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 213.6 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 271.2 R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 -(tion are not a)108 225.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 +(tion are not a)108 283.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F -(rate line, and do not use)108 237.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 -(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 254.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 271.2 Q F0 3.467(As)108 283.2 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F1 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 295.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 319.2 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rate line, and do not use)108 295.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 312 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.) +.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 328.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 +340.8 S .967(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F +1.002(later e)108 352.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 +(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ +t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 +364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 +F .036(shell; no ne)108 376.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .639(function is e)108 388.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 343.2 -R F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 355.2 Q F1(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 400.8 +R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 412.8 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.049(these e)108 384 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.548 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F2(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F2(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.548 E -.09(BU)108 396 S(IL).09 -E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.049(these e)108 441.6 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.548 E -.09(BU)108 453.6 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 408 R F1(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 465.6 R F3(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 420 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 432 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 448.8 S .656 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) +-.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 477.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 489.6 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 506.4 S .656 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 460.8 Q +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 518.4 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 477.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(The)108 535.2 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -489.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +547.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 506.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 564 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 518.4 R 1.011 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 576 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 530.4 R +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 542.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E -2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 559.2 R F2 -<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 571.2 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +108 600 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5 +(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 +G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 616.8 R F1 +<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 628.8 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 583.2 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +.326(\214le and line number)108 640.8 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 595.2 R -1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.798 E -F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 652.8 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 (iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 -(deleted using the)108 607.2 R F2<ad66>2.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 -F F2(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 +(deleted using the)108 664.8 R F1<ad66>2.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 +F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 (that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) -.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) -108 619.2 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G -3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 631.2 Q +108 676.8 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G +3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 688.8 Q (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 -(Functions may be recursi)108 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) --5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(Functions may be recursi)108 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 660 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 717.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 672 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F3(ARITHMETIC EV)72 688.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E --1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo)108 700.8 R 2.297 -(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E -F0(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 712.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 -(iltin commands and).2 F F2 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .205(gers with no)-.15 F 2.07(check for o)108 724.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 3.37 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.07(hough di).65 F 2.07 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 7.07(.T)-.55 G -2.07(he operators and their)-7.07 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(27)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 729.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .646(precedence, associati)108 84 R(vity)-.25 E 3.146(,a)-.65 G -.646(nd v)-3.146 F .646(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F -.646(The follo)5.646 F .646(wing list of operators is)-.25 F -(grouped into le)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E -F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 124.8 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 136.8 Q F1(id) -A F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 148.8 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 160.8 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F2 2.5(!~)108 172.8 S F0 +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 84 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04 +(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo)108 96 R 2.297 +(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(let)4.798 E F0(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206(iltin commands and).2 F F2 .206 +(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705(\). 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W)108 417.6 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 465.6 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 477.6 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G 1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) -.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 441.6 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 489.6 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 453.6 R 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 501.6 R 1.389 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 -E F1(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 +E F3(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 465.6 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 +(assigned a v)108 513.6 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 (alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 477.6 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 +(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 525.6 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -494.4 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 506.4 R 2.613(et)-.1 -G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1 +542.4 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F +(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 554.4 R 2.613(et)-.1 +G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F3(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F3 (base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 518.4 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 566.4 R F3(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F3(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .916 -(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 530.4 R .915 +(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 578.4 R .915 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F(order) -108 542.4 Q 5.67(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.67 E F1(base)3.17 E F0 .67 +108 590.4 Q 5.67(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.67 E F3(base)3.17 E F0 .67 (is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.17 F .671 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F -(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 554.4 Q .235(Operators are e) -108 571.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235(luated in order of precedence.).25 F +(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 602.4 Q .235(Operators are e) +108 619.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235(luated in order of precedence.).25 F (Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .234(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 583.2 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 600 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 612 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 624 R .77 +G .234(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 631.2 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 +(CONDITION)72 648 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 660 +R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 +(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([) +2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .77 +(\214le attrib)108 672 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 636 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 684 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F3 (\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.541 E +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F3(/de)3.541 E (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 -648 Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) -3.789 E F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F1 -(/de)108 660 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +696 Q F3(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. 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0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 108 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 120 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 132 Q F2 +-.35 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 84 Q 1.096 +(When used with)108 102 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C +(he)-3.596 E F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095 +(operators sort le)3.595 F 1.095 +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 E F1(test) +3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 114 Q F1 +<ad61>108 138 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G +(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 +150 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 162 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 174 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 186 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 198 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E -(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 +(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 210 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 222 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 234 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1<ad70>108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E +-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 246 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 -E F1<ad72>108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 +E F1<ad72>108 258 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 -216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +270 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108 -228 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 -(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 240 Q +282 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 +(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 294 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108 -252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 264 Q F2(\214le) +306 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 318 Q F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 276 Q F2 +(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 330 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) 2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 342 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 354 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -<ad4f>108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) +<ad4f>108 366 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti) --.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 324 Q F2(\214le)2.5 +-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 378 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E -F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 390 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 402 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 E -(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 360 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)A -F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S .039(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.539 +(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 414 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)A +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 426 S .038(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.538 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 (wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .038(does not.) -2.538 F F2(\214le1)108 384 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 +(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) +2.539 F F2(\214le1)108 438 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 450 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -<ad6f>108 408 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .262 +<ad6f>108 462 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 474 S .263 (ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.) 2.942 F .262(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 -F F1<ad6f>2.763 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 -G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +F F1<ad6f>2.762 E F0(option to the)144 486 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 498 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad7a>108 -468 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 -(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 492 Q F1<ad6e>108 504 Q F2 -(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 516 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) -2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 532.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 544.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 556.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 +522 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 +(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 546 Q F1<ad6e>108 558 Q F2 +(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 570 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) +2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 586.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 598.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 610.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 (should be used with the)2.5 E F1(test)2.5 E F0 -(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 573.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E -F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 585.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 602.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 614.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 627.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E +F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 639.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 656.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 668.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 631.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 643.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -660 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 672 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 684 R -F2(ar)144 696 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) -.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 -E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 -(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(29)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 685.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 697.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.2) +72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(29)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 84 Q(ANSION)-.81 E -F0 .614(When a simple command is e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP) +144 96 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne) +2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C +.385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar) +2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less th\ +an or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1 +(ar)144 120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 +(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(When a simple command is e)108 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 108 Q 26(1. The)108 124.8 R -.1(wo)4.348 G 1.848 -(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +108 160.8 Q 26(1. The)108 177.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 +(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 153.6 R -.1(wo)3.664 G 1.164 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 206.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 (rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 -165.6 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 +218.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 177.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 194.4 R -(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26 -(4. The)108 211.2 R(te)3.217 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F/F4 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717 -(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .339 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 223.2 R .339 +(are the ar)144 230.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 247.2 R +(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 +(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 264 R(te) +3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F +.717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 +(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 276 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 235.2 Q -.332(If no command name results, the v)108 252 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 288 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 304.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 264 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 316.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 276 R -(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 288 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 304.8 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 316.8 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 328.8 +R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 340.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 357.6 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 369.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 333.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 386.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -345.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 357.6 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 369.6 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F1(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 386.4 Q F0 -.546(After a command has been split into w)108 398.4 R .547 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +398.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 410.4 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 422.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 439.2 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 451.2 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 410.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 463.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 427.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 480 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 439.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F2(FUNCTIONS) -2.746 E F3(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 451.2 Q 2.5 +108 492 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 504 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 468 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F4(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 480 Q F2 -.666(PA)3.162 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 -492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 -(search of the directories in)108 504 R F2 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) -2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ -es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 516 R F4(command_not_f)3.455 -E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 528 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G .277 -(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 540 R .776 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 520.8 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 532.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 556.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .719 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F +.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ + a de\214ned shell function named)108 568.8 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 580.8 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 +(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 +(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 592.8 R .775 (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F -.775(If that function is not)5.775 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 552 Q -(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if the\ - command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 568.8 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e)108 -580.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F -.198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 592.8 Q +.776(If that function is not)5.776 F +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 604.8 +Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ +e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 621.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e) +108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 +F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 645.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 609.6 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 621.6 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 674.4 R F1 .678 +(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 633.6 R .329 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 645.6 R 1.219 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 686.4 R .33 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 +(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 698.4 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 657.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 674.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ -e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. 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The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 710.4 R -1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 722.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(30)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F F2(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F3 +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 710.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F5(\))A +F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E 1.375 +(If the program is a \214le be)108 727.2 R 1.374(ginning with)-.15 F F2 +(#!)3.874 E F0 3.874(,t)C 1.374 +(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the) +-3.874 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(30)185.955 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT) --.329 E F0(The shell has an)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 -G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C -(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 112.8 S -1.405(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 124.8 S(iltin).2 E 32.5 -<8374>108 141.6 S(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E +-.35 E 5.485(program. The)108 84 R 2.985(shell e)5.485 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.986(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do no\ +t handle this).15 F -.15(exe)108 96 S .762(cutable format themselv).15 F +3.262(es. 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Unless)-.25 F -.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 328.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 345.6 S 1.055(he shell')-32.5 F -3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 381.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 398.4 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F +3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 357.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 374.4 S(he current w)-32.5 E -(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 391.2 S -(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 408 S .857(hell v) +-3.556 F(mand)144 410.4 Q 32.5<8374>108 427.2 S(he current w)-32.5 E +(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 444 S +(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 460.8 S .856(hell v) -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 420 Q(vironment) --.4 E 32.5<8374>108 436.8 S .306 -(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .307 -(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 448.8 Q -2.5(Ac)108 465.6 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 472.8 Q(vironment) +-.4 E 32.5<8374>108 489.6 S .307 +(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306 +(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 501.6 Q +2.5(Ac)108 518.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 482.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 494.4 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 506.4 R .358 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 535.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 547.2 S .245(ubshell en) +-2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.358(reset to the v)108 559.2 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 518.4 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 530.4 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -547.2 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 571.2 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 583.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 +600 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F3<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 559.2 R(not in)2.5 E F2(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0 -(clears the)2.5 E F3<ad65>2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404 -(If a command is follo)108 576 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.904 E F0 -.405(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G -.405(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 -(is the empty \214le)108 588 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O) -C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G -.197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 -F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 600 Q F1(ENVIR)72 616.8 Q(ONMENT) --.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 628.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 -G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e) --4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +F3<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 612 R(not in)2.5 E F2(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0 +(clears the)2.5 E F3<ad65>2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405 +(If a command is follo)108 628.8 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.905 E F0 +.404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G +.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 +(is the empty \214le)108 640.8 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 +(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) +.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 652.8 Q F1(ENVIR)72 669.6 Q +(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 681.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25 +(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 640.8 Q +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 693.6 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 657.6 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 669.6 Q .144(viron\ -ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 681.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F3(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F3(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 693.6 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 705.6 Q .64 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 -(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 717.6 -R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 -(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 729.6 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F3(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(31)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 710.4 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 722.4 Q 1.431(viro\ +nment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically markin\ +g it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)3.93 G(port).2 E F0 1.43(to child)4.61 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0 -(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 100.8 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) --.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +-.35 E 4.177(processes. Ex)108 84 R 1.677 +(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 4.177(vironment. The)-.4 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)4.178 E F0(and)4.178 E F1(declar)4.178 E 4.178 +<65ad>-.18 G(x)-4.178 E F0 1.678(commands allo)4.178 F(w)-.25 E .647 +(parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 96 +R 3.147(vironment. If)-.4 F .646(the v)3.146 F .646 +(alue of a parameter in)-.25 F .513(the en)108 108 R .513 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.013(wv)-.25 G .513 +(alue becomes part of the en)-3.263 F .513 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .514(The en)5.514 F(vi-)-.4 E .523 +(ronment inherited by an)108 120 R 3.022(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.172 G .522 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.022(si)-.55 G .522 +(nitial en)-3.022 F .522(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .522(alues may)-.25 F +.578(be modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 132 R 3.078(yp)-.15 G .578 +(airs remo)-3.078 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(db).15 G 3.078(yt)-3.078 G(he) +-3.078 E F1(unset)3.078 E F0 .579(command, plus an)3.078 F 3.079(ya)-.15 +G .579(dditions via the)-3.079 F F1(export)3.079 E F0(and)108 144 Q F1 +(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en) +108 160.8 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 112.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 172.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 124.8 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 141.6 R F1<ad6b> +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 184.8 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 201.6 R F1<ad6b> 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 153.6 Q +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 213.6 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 170.4 Q F1(bash)3.397 E F0(in)3.397 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.397(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.397 G .897(xternal command, the v) +-.4 E(When)108 230.4 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v) -3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 (is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 182.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 199.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 -(The e)108 211.2 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151 -(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 223.2 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F +(passed to that command in its en)108 242.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 259.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 +(The e)108 271.2 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 283.2 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 235.2 Q 5.673(.E)-.65 G -.673(xit statuses from shell b)-5.673 F .673 +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 295.2 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G +.674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 -F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 247.2 Q +F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 307.2 Q (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 -264 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 276 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 288 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +324 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) +-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 336 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 348 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 304.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 316.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 333.6 +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 364.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 376.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 393.6 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 350.4 R .08 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 410.4 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 362.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 -F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E -(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 379.2 Q -F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 391.2 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 422.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 439.2 Q +F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 451.2 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 -(SIGN)72 408 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 420 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 -(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G -.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0) -3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 432 Q .758 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F -F1(bash)108 444 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 +(SIGN)72 468 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 480 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G +.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0) +3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 492 Q .757 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F +F1(bash)108 504 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 (If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 460.8 Q 1.064 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 -472.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F3(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 484.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 496.8 Q F3 +E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 520.8 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +532.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 544.8 R .653 +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 556.8 Q F3 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 513.6 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 573.6 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 525.6 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F3(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 537.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 549.6 R F1(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(SIGHUP)108 561.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 578.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 585.6 Q F0 +1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 597.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 609.6 R F1(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(SIGHUP)108 621.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 638.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -590.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 607.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +650.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 667.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 619.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 631.2 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +(via the)108 691.2 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 643.2 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 703.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F5(JOB CONTR)72 660 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 -(Jo)108 672 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 684 Q F2 --.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 -(ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 696 Q(ernel')-.1 E -2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 712.8 R F2(job) -5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 724.8 R F1 -(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. 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Job)B(number)3.458 E F2(n)3.818 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 432 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 448.8 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 460.8 +Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 396 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E F0 -.59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 408 Q F1(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 E -5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 -(hand, refers to an)108 420 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +108 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 484.8 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E +F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 496.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 432 Q F1(bash) -2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 508.8 Q F3 +(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F3(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F3(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 444 R .495 +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 520.8 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 -(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 456 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 5.788 -(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1(%+) -3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E -.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 468 R F1 +(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 532.8 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 544.8 R F3 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 -(and the pre)108 480 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0 -5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 556.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F3<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 492 Q(.)-.4 E .443 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 508.8 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C -(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -520.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F -(equi)108 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 549.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 561.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G -.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 573.6 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G -1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 -(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 -(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15 -(exe)108 585.6 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033 -(If an attempt to e)108 602.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 -(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft) --2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 614.4 R F1 -(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 -(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -626.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 638.4 R .604 +(rent job)108 568.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 585.6 R +(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +597.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(equi)108 609.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 626.4 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 638.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F3<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 650.4 Q F3(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G +1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F3(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 +(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15 +(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15 +(exe)108 662.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032 +(If an attempt to e)108 679.2 R(xit)-.15 E F3(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft) +-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F3(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 691.2 R F3 +(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F3(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +703.2 R(The)5.458 E F3(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 715.2 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 650.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 667.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 -679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F -F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 -(and the secondary prompt)108 691.2 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E -F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ -ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ - are)108 703.2 R(decoded as follo)108 715.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(33)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(and an)108 727.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 96 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 84 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644 +(When e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.144 E F0 .645 +(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)3.145 E F0 +.645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 +(and the secondary prompt)108 108 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F2(Bash)6.825 E +F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ +ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ + are)108 120 R(decoded as follo)108 132 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 144 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F2(\\d)144 156 Q F0 (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A -F1(})A F0(the)180 120 Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F -F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 168 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A +F2(})A 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follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144 +300 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F2(\\T)144 +312 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F2(\\@)144 +324 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F2(\\A)144 336 +Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F2(\\u)144 348 Q F0 +(the username of the current user)27.66 E F2(\\v)144 360 Q F0(the v) +28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F2(\\V) +144 372 Q F0(the release of)26 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C (ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) --2.5 E F1(\\w)144 324 Q F0 .116(the current w)26 F .116 -(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 336 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 348 Q F0 +-2.5 E F2(\\w)144 384 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115 +(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0 +(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116 +(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 396 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F2(\\W)144 408 Q F0 (the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) -.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) --.25 E F1(\\!)144 360 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1 -(\\#)144 372 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 -384 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) -.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 396 Q -F2(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2 -(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 408 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[) -144 420 Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters\ +-.25 E F2(\\!)144 420 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F2 +(\\#)144 432 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F2(\\$)144 +444 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) +.15 E F2(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F2($)2.5 E(\\)144 456 Q +F4(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4 +(nnn)2.5 E F2(\\\\)144 468 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F2(\\[) +144 480 Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters\ , which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 432 Q F1(\\])144 444 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 460.8 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ -on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ -story \214le \(see)108 472.8 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 484.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 496.8 R +(control sequence into the prompt)180 492 Q F2(\\])144 504 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .119 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 520.8 R +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 532.8 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 544.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 556.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 508.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 568.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F2 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(description of the)108 580.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 537.6 Q F0 .15 +-.25 E F1(READLINE)72 597.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 549.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 561.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F --.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 573.6 Q .851 +108 609.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F2 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 621.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F2<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F2 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 633.6 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 585.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 645.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 597.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 657.6 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 609.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 626.4 Q +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.262 E +(emacs)108 669.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 686.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 638.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 650.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 662.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 674.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E -(ho)108 715.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 -(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) -.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 2.938(acts in the forw)108 727.2 R 2.938 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)5.438 E F0 5.438(\)c)C -2.938(auses that command to act in a backw)-5.438 F 2.938 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E -(34)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +108 698.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 710.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 722.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 +(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(34)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(Commands whose beha)108 84 Q(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E -(viates from this are noted belo)-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811 -(When a command is described as)108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +-.35 E .6(ESC the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F1(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F1(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 96 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F1(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F1(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) +108 124.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 136.8 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)3.518 E +F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 148.8 Q +(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 165.6 R F1 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F1 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 112.8 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F1 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 177.6 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 124.8 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 189.6 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 136.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 153.6 Q F0 -.091(Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \ -\214le \(the)108 165.6 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 -(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 -177.6 R .196(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 -F .196(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196 -(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197 -(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up\ -, the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 189.6 R 1.334 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 201.6 S 1.149 -(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 -G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 -(lines are ignored.)108 213.6 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +108 201.6 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 218.4 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ +ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 +230.4 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 242.4 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 +-.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ +nd the k)108 254.4 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 266.4 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +(lines are ignored.)108 278.4 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 225.6 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 290.4 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 242.4 R .986(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 307.2 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 254.4 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 271.2 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 300 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 312 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 324 Q F1 -(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 319.2 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 336 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 364.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 388.8 +Q F1(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) -108 340.8 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) +108 405.6 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 -(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 352.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 +(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 417.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1 (SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G (nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 369.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 434.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 381.6 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 -(Readline K)87 398.4 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 410.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 446.4 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 +(Readline K)87 463.2 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 475.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .382(command or the te)108 422.4 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 487.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 -(\214ed in one of tw)108 434.4 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 499.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 (ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 446.4 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 463.2 R F2 --.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 511.2 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 528 R F2 +-.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 E F1(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 -(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in) -.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 475.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E -(Control-u: uni)144 499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 -E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 511.2 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 523.2 Q .699(In the abo)108 540 R .998 -.15 +(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) +.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 540 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E +(Control-u: uni)144 564 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 576 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 588 Q .698(In the abo)108 604.8 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 552 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) -2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258 -(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 616.8 Q F2 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 +(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -564 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 580.8 R F2("k)2.556 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) -2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 592.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +628.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 645.6 R F2("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 657.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 604.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 616.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 640.8 Q -.15(ve) +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 669.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 681.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 705.6 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 652.8 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 664.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 681.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 -G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 693.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(35)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 717.6 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 729.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(35)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<5c43ad>144 84 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E -F1<5c4dad>144 96 Q F0(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 108 Q F0 -(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\\\)144 120 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 -(\\")144 132 Q F0(literal ")27.67 E F1<5c08>144 144 Q F0(literal \010) -30.44 E(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second s\ -et of backslash escapes is a)108 160.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1 -(\\a)144 172.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 184.8 Q F0 -(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)144 196.8 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 208.8 -Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 220.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 232.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 244.8 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 256.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 268.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -280.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 -(When entering the te)108 297.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 -(Unquoted te)108 309.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 -F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -321.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +-.35 E .315(In this e)108 84 R(xample,)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function) +-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E +(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 .314 +(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 96 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 +E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 112.8 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 124.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F2<5c4dad>144 136.8 Q F0 +(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F2(\\e)144 148.8 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E +F2(\\\\)144 160.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\")144 172.8 Q F0 +(literal ")27.67 E F2<5c08>144 184.8 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addit\ +ion to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash \ +escapes is a)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 213.6 Q +F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2(\\b)144 225.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2 +(\\d)144 237.6 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F2(\\f)144 249.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 +E F2(\\n)144 261.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 273.6 Q F0 +(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\t)144 285.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2 +(\\v)144 297.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 309.6 Q +F1(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v) +-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x) +144 321.6 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(When entering the te)108 338.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 +(Unquoted te)108 350.4 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F +.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 +362.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 338.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F -.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) -.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 350.4 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 362.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 379.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 391.2 -R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +F2(Bash)108 379.2 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 +F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 391.2 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 403.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline V)87 420 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 432 R +.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 403.2 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 420 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 444 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 460.8 Q F1 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -436.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F -(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 +477.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F +(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 (\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) -5.79 E .449(nized v)108 448.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +5.79 E .448(nized v)108 489.6 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 -(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) --.25 F(ti)108 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F --.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 (ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 -(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 -(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 472.8 S(lues are:) -.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 489.6 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 501.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 -E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 513.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 -3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 525.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 537.6 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 549.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 561.6 Q -.15 +(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 +(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 513.6 S(lues are:) +.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 530.4 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 542.4 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 554.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E +F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 566.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F2(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 578.4 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 590.4 R F2(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 602.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 573.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 585.6 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 597.6 Q F1 -(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 609.6 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 621.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F2(comment\255begin \(`)108 614.4 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 626.4 R +F2(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 638.4 Q F2 +(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F2(#)2.5 E F0 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F2(completion\255ignor)108 650.4 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 662.4 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) -108 633.6 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ +insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2(completion\255pr) +108 674.4 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ - that is displayed)144 645.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 657.6 R -1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 669.6 S(lue are replaced with a\ -n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 681.6 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 693.6 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 705.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 717.6 R -.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 729.6 S .237 -(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) --.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6) -138.465 E(36)188.455 E 0 Cg EP + that is displayed)144 686.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 698.4 R +1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 710.4 S(lue are replaced with a\ +n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(on the terminal.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 96 Q -.1 -(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 108 R F1(On)3.113 -E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 +Q F0 .529(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R +.53(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561 +(erated by the)144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061 +(command. It)3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte) +-3.06 E .56(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782 +(equal to zero.)144 120 R .783(If the number of possible completions is\ + greater than or equal to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 132 S .237(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237 +(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237 +(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed) +-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 144 Q F1(con)108 156 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G +(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 +3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 120 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 156 R F1 +144 180 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 192 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 216 R F1 (On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 168 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 180 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 192 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 204 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 216 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.211(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 -G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +144 228 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 240 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 252 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 264 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 276 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 240 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 312 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 336 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 348 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 372 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 384 Q F0(If set to)144 396 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) -3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 372 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 408 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 420 R F1(On) +3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 432 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(0\))108 384 Q F0 .463 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .462 +(history\255size \(0\))108 444 Q F0 .462 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 456 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463 (If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F -(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 408 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 420 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 432 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 468 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 480 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 492 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 444 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 456 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 468 -Q F0 .227(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ + ne)144 504 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 516 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 528 +Q F0 .228(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 492 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 552 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F -(synon)144 504 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 516 Q +.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F +(synon)144 564 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 576 Q (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 -(ing the character as a command.)144 540 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 552 Q F2 +thout subsequently e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 +(ing the character as a command.)144 600 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 564 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 576 -R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 588 R F0 2.568(,a)C +108 624 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +636 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 648 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 600 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 660 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 612 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 624 Q -(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 636 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 672 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 684 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 648 Q F0(If set to)144 -660 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 672 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 684 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 -2.675(,c)C .175 -(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 696 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(37)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 84 Q -F0 .192(This v)144 96 R .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E -F0 2.692(,c)C .192(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 -F .193(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 108 R .456 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 84 +Q F0(If set to)144 96 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha) +-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1(*)A +F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 108 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 +(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 132 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 144 Q F0 .193(This v)144 156 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 168 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 120 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 132 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 180 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 192 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 156 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 168 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 216 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 192 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 204 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 216 R F1(On) +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 252 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 264 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 276 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 228 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 264 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 276 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(tions at a time.)144 288 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 300 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 312 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 324 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 336 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .699(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 300 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 360 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 312 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 324 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 336 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 372 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 384 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 396 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 348 R(bell.)144 360 Q F1 -(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 384 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 396 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 408 R(bell.)144 420 Q F1 +(sho)108 432 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 444 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 456 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 408 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 468 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 420 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 444 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 456 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 468 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 480 Q +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 480 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 492 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 504 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 516 Q +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 528 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 540 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 492 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 504 R F1(On) +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 564 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 516 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 532.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 544.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 556.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(when listing possible completions.)144 576 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 592.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 604.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 616.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 568.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 585.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E -F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ - editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 -(or the application using readline.)144 597.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 628.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 645.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.962 E +F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ + editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 657.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 609.6 Q F1(mode)144 626.4 Q F0(The) -12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(are required to isolate it.)144 669.6 Q F1(mode)144 686.4 Q F0(The) +12.67 E F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. 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The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 703.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ -minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -715.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 -(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6) -138.465 E(38)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 722.4 +Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(application)144 84 Q F0(The)180 96 Q F1 -(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(term)144 84 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.197 +E F0 .696(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 +-.15(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 96 R +.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 +(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. 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F) -144 278.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 331.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 302.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 319.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 331.2 R .834 +($include)144 355.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 372 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 384 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 343.2 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 396 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 360 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 412.8 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 372 R .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 424.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 384 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 -(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 396 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 436.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 448.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 408 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 460.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 420 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) -5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ -mes the current line.)108 432 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 448.8 T 1.339(nd \ -other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ - 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The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 636 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 648 Q F0(Mo)144 660 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 672 Q F0(Mo)144 684 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 696 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 708 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(39)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 688.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 700.8 Q F0(Mo)144 712.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 84 Q F0(Mo) -144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo) -108 108 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 120 Q .822 --.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523 -(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. 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W)-.1 F +.522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 180 Q F1(backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 204 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 168 Q F1(shell\255f)108 180 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 192 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 216 Q F1(shell\255f)108 228 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 240 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 204 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -228 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 240 Q -F1(clear\255scr)108 252 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 264 R .993 +(ters.)144 252 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +276 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 288 Q +F1(clear\255scr)108 300 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 312 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 276 Q F1 -.18(re)108 288 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 324 Q F1 -.18(re)108 336 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -300 Q F1(Commands f)87 316.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 328.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 340.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +348 Q F1(Commands f)87 364.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 376.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 388.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 352.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 400.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 364.8 Q F1(pr)108 -376.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 388.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 400.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 412.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 412.8 Q F1(pr)108 +424.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 436.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 448.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 460.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 472.8 Q F0(Mo)144 484.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 448.8 Q F0(Mo)144 460.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 496.8 Q F0(Mo)144 508.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 472.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 484.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +(re v)108 520.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.47(Search backw)144 532.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 496.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 508.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 520.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 532.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 544.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) -144 556.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 568.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 580.8 Q +(This is an incremental search.)144 544.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 556.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 568.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 580.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 592.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +144 604.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 616.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 628.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 592.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 640.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -604.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 616.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 628.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +652.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 664.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 676.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 640.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 652.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) -144 664.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 676.8 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 688.8 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 -700.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 -(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 712.8 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 -(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 -(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 724.8 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 -(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 -E(40)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(and the point.)144 688.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 700.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +144 712.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 724.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .281(the pre)144 84 R .281(vious command.)-.25 F .281 -(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.781 E F0 -.281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F1(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 96 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(yank\255last\255ar)108 108 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F --1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308(Insert the last ar)144 120 R 1.308 -(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307 -(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 132 -S .203(th a numeric ar).4 F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 -H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F2(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 -5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F2 -(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 144 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 -H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yank\255nth\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 96 R .622 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 +108 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F +F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794 +(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 120 Q .291 +(vious command be)-.25 F .291(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F +2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +-.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B +.292(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 132 R .282 +(vious command.)-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 +E F0 .281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 144 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 156 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 168 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 180 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 192 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 156 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 168 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 204 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 216 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 180 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 228 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 -(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F(ar)144 192 Q +(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F(ar)144 240 Q (gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F2(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 204 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 216 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 228 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 252 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 264 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 276 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G -(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 240 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 252 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 288 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 300 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 264 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(magic\255space) -108 276 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 288 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 300 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(alias\255expand\255line)108 312 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 324 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 336 Q F2 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 348 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 360 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F2(insert\255last\255ar)108 372 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 384 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F2(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 396 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F -(history for editing.)144 420 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument is ignored.).18 E F2 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 432 Q F0(In)144 -444 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 312 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 324 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 336 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 348 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 360 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 372 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 384 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 396 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 408 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 420 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 432 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 444 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F +(history for editing.)144 468 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 480 Q F0(In)144 +492 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F2(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 456 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 +(attempts to in)144 504 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) -.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 -(and)2.25 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(Commands f)87 472.8 Q(or Changing T) --.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 484.8 Q F0 .358 -(Delete the character at point.)144 496.8 R .358(If point is at the be) +(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 520.8 Q(or Changing T) +-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 532.8 Q F0 .357 +(Delete the character at point.)144 544.8 R .358(If point is at the be) 5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F -(line, and the last character typed w)144 508.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E -F2(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.) -A F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 520.8 Q F0 .552 -(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 532.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 +(line, and the last character typed w)144 556.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.) +A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 568.8 Q F0 .553 +(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 580.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F -.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 544.8 Q F2 -.25(fo)108 556.8 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 568.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 580.8 Q F2 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 592.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -604.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F +.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 592.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 604.8 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 616.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 628.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 640.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +652.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 -(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 616.8 S(ample.).15 E F2 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 628.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 640.8 Q(.)-.55 E F2 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 652.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 664.8 Q F2 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 676.8 Q F0 .322 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 688.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -700.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 712.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2) -72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(41)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 664.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 676.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 688.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 700.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 712.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(transpose\255w)108 84 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 -E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 96 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F -.023(ord after point, mo)-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023 -(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 108 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 132 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 +.321(Drag the character before point forw)144 96 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 108 +R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 120 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 +-.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +144 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 156 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 168 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. 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+-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 448.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -412.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 424.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 436.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 448.8 S +460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 496.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 460.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 472.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 508.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 520.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 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F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 616.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 628.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 640.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -652.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 664.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 676.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 688.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 700.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 712.8 Q 4.801 -(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 724.8 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(42) -188.455 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 676.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 688.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +700.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 712.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(42) +185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(copy\255f)108 84 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord) --.1 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007 -(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 -E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G -(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 120 Q F0 -1 -(Ya)144 132 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 144 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 156 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(copy\255r)108 84 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 +E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 120 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 132 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 168 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 180 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 192 S +(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 204 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 216 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 172.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 184.8 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 196.8 R .641 +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 232.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 244.8 Q +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 256.8 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) --.15 E(ati)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 220.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 -(This is another w)144 232.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 -(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-) +-.15 E(ati)144 268.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 +(uni)108 280.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 +(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 +(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -244.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -256.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +304.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +316.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 268.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 -(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 280.8 R .243 +(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 340.8 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 292.8 Q .378 +-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 352.8 Q .378 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F -.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 304.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) +.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 364.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) -2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 -(Completing)87 321.6 Q(complete \(T)108 333.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 345.6 R 1.137 +(Completing)87 381.6 Q(complete \(T)108 393.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 405.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 357.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 369.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 429.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 381.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 393.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 405.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 417.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 429.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 441.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 453.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 465.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 477.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 489.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -441.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 453.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -465.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +525.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 477.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 489.6 R .828 +1.193(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 549.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 501.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 561.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 513.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 573.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 525.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +E(through the list.)144 585.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) 5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 537.6 Q F0 .82 -(Identical to)144 549.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 597.6 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 609.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 (ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 561.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(menu\255complete)144 621.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) .15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 573.6 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 585.6 R +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 633.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 645.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 597.6 R -.15 +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 609.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 621.6 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 633.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 645.6 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 669.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 681.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 693.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 705.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 -Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(43)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 669.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 681.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 693.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 705.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 +768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255v)108 84 Q(ariable \(M\255$\)) --.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 108 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255user)108 84 Q(name \(M\255~\)) +-.15 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) +108 108 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 +132 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 132 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 156 Q F0 +(possible\255v)108 156 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 180 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 204 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 180 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 204 R +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 264 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 228 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 240 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 276 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 252 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 264 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 312 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 276 Q F1(dab)108 288 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 300 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(for possible completion matches.)144 324 Q F1(dab)108 336 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 348 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 312 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 324 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 360 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 372 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 336 R(the list is a)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 384 R(the list is a)144 396 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 364.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 376.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 388.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 412.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 436.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 400.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 412.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 448.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 460.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 436.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 448.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 465.6 Q -.18(re)108 477.6 S<ad72>.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 489.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) --.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 501.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 513.6 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 525.6 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 537.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 549.6 Q +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(Miscellaneous)87 513.6 Q -.18(re)108 525.6 S<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 537.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 549.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 561.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 573.6 R +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 585.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 597.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 561.6 R F2(x) -4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 609.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 573.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 585.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 597.6 Q +(uppercase character)144 621.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 633.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 645.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 609.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 621.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 633.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 645.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 657.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 669.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 681.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 693.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 657.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 669.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 681.6 Q -(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 693.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 705.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E -(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(44)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(return the line to its initial state.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 84 Q F0(Sw)144 -96 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 84 Q F0 +(Perform tilde e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 108 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144 +144 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 120 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 132 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 180 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 144 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 156 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 168 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 216 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 180 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 192 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 204 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 216 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 264 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 228 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 240 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 252 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -264 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 276 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 288 Q .097 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E -.322(the characters at the be)144 300 R .321 +312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .098 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E +.321(the characters at the be)144 348 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 312 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 324 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 336 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 348 Q -.15 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 360 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 372 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 384 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 408 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 420 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 432 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ -ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 396 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 408 R .372 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372 +ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 444 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 456 R .372 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 420 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 468 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 432 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 444 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 456 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 480 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 492 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 504 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 468 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 516 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 480 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 492 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 504 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 516 Q +(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 564 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 528 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 540 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 552 R .304 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 576 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 600 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 564 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 576 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 588 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 600 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 612 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 624 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 636 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 648 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 612 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 624 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 636 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 660 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 672 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 684 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 652.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -664.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 700.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +712.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 676.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 724.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 688.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 705.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 -717.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 -(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 729.6 R -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(45)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(45)185.955 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .822(for the w)108 84 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w) -3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname i\ -s searched for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 96 R .366(no compspec is fou\ -nd for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for t\ -he portion)2.867 F(follo)108 108 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F -.298(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc) --.15 G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to)108 120 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been fou\ -nd, it is used to generate the list of matching w)108 136.8 R 3.317 -(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F -(found, the def)108 148.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 165.6 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 177.6 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 +-.35 E(programmable completion f)108 84 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497(First, the command name is identi\214ed.) +108 100.8 R .497(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +112.8 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>2.733 E +F0 .233(option to)2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F +.233(If a comp-)5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, \ +the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions)108 +124.8 R .823(for the w)108 136.8 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823 +(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the \ +full pathname is searched for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 148.8 R .367(\ +no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214n\ +d a compspec for the portion)2.866 F(follo)108 160.8 Q .299 +(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) +108 172.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ + matching w)108 189.6 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 201.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 218.4 R +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 230.4 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 189.6 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E -F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 206.4 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 +(shell v)108 242.4 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E +F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 259.2 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 218.4 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 230.4 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 247.2 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 259.2 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 283.2 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 300 Q .321 +(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F +F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +312 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 271.2 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -283.2 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -295.2 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 307.2 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 324 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 336 R -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 324 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 336 +R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396 +(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 348 Q +.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 360 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 376.8 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 388.8 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 348 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 -(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -360 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 400.8 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +412.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609 -(the function or command is in)108 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .608 +(the function or command is in)108 424.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) --.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 -384 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 +-.18 F .609(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 +436.8 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 (ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F -.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 396 R .607 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 408 Q .093 +.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 448.8 R .607 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .608 +(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 460.8 Q .094 (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -420 Q(An)108 436.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 448.8 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 -460.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 477.6 Q .081 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F -F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08 -(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858 -(stitution. It)108 489.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ - per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used) -5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 501.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 518.4 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 530.4 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 542.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +513.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 530.4 Q .08 +(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1 +<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581 +(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 +(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859 +(stitution. It)108 542.4 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ + per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used) +5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 554.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E +.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 571.2 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 583.2 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 595.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 554.4 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 566.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 607.2 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 583.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H -.587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 -<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 636 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586 +(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50> +3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 595.2 Q .246(If the pre)108 612 R .247 +possible completions.)108 648 Q .247(If the pre)108 664.8 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 (atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 624 Q F0 +(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 676.8 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 640.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 693.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 652.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 669.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 681.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 693.6 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 705.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 -(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 717.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 -1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -729.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(46)188.455 E 0 Cg -EP +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 705.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 722.4 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is\ - desired, the programmable completion func-)108 84 R .632(tions force r\ -eadline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links t\ -o directories, subject)108 96 R 2.762(to the v)108 108 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories) --.18 E F0 2.761(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G 2.761(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 -120 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 -E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -136.8 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 148.8 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +-.35 E .631(of possible completions.)108 84 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault) +-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 96 R .559 +(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 108 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F1<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 120 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 132 +Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 148.8 R .633(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 160.8 R 2.761(to the v)108 172.8 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 184.8 +Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E +.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +201.6 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 213.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 (ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - 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If)2.25 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 -(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.293(The b)108 580.8 R -1.293(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.793 E F0(\(see)3.793 E F5 1.293 -(SHELL B)3.793 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.543 E -1.294(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe)108 592.8 -S .674(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E F1(history) -3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .279 -(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 604.8 R .279 +.986(stamps from other history lines.)108 616.8 R .986(After sa)5.986 F +.986(ving the history)-.2 F 3.486(,t)-.65 G .987 +(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more)-3.486 F(than)108 +628.8 Q F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E F0 2.5(lines. 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This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def) -3.371 F .871(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871 -(hells, and).15 F 2.014(can be disabled using the)108 120 R F2(+H)4.514 -E F0 2.014(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F -(UIL)-.09 E 2.013(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 132 Q 2.5 -(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.305(History e)108 148.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ -ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 160.8 R .21(guments to a pre) --.18 F .209 +-.35 E 1.077(the same history entry)108 84 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(lithist)3.576 E F0 .373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 96 R +.674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 108 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .318 +(SHELL B)2.818 F(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 120 +Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 136.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G +(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 +148.8 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F +.611(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F +.871(describes what syntax features are a)108 160.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G +3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 172.8 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 184.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 201.6 R 1.306 +(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 213.6 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -189.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 201.6 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +242.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 254.4 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 213.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 225.6 R/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 237.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 249.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 261.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 273.6 Q -F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E -F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) --2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 266.4 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 278.4 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 290.4 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 302.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 +(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 +(one w)108 314.4 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 326.4 Q +F1(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E +F1(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 302.4 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 355.2 T +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 314.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 331.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 343.2 R F2 +-.25 F F1(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F1 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F1(\()3.162 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 367.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 384 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 396 R F1 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) -3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 355.2 R -5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 367.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 379.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 391.2 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F2<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 403.2 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F2<ad73>2.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1(shopt) +3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F1 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 408 R +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 420 R F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 +1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 +(is being used, and the)4.015 F F1(histr)108 432 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 +(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 444 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F1<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F1(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 456 S +.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F1<ad73>2.555 E +F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 +(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 432 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 484.8 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -444 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +496.8 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 456 Q F2 -(Ev)87 472.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 484.8 R -.15(ve) +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 508.8 Q F1 +(Ev)87 525.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 537.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 513.6 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F 1.608 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 525.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 537.6 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)27.67 E -F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 549.6 Q F4(n)A F0 -(Refer to the current command minus)21.97 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2(!!) -108 561.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E -(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 573.6 Q F4(string) + history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 566.4 +Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F 1.607 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 578.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 590.4 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)27.67 E +F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 602.4 Q F4(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command minus)21.97 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!) +108 614.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 626.4 Q F4(string) A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ -on in the history list starting with)9.33 F F4(string)144 585.6 Q F0(.) -.22 E F2(!?)108 597.6 Q F4(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.304(Refer to the most\ +on in the history list starting with)9.33 F F4(string)144 638.4 Q F0(.) +.22 E F1(!?)108 650.4 Q F4(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.304(Refer to the most\ recent command preceding the current postition in the history list con\ -taining)144 609.6 R F4(string)144 621.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E -F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F4(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 +taining)144 662.4 R F4(string)144 674.4 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E +F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F4(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F5 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) -108 638.6 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 .783 -(Quick substitution.)144 645.6 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F4(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F4 -(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 657.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A F4 -(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 669.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 -(Wo)87 686.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 698.4 S 1.314 -(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 710.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G -3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 722.4 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(48)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +108 691.4 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 .784 +(Quick substitution.)144 698.4 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F4(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F4 +(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 710.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A F4 +(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E +(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 84 -Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(0\()108 100.8 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0 -(The zeroth w)144 112.8 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F -(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 124.8 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A -(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 136.8 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That) --.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 148.8 Q F0(The last ar)31 E -(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 160.8 Q F0(The w)26 E +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!#)108 84 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)87 100.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 112.8 S 1.313 +(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 124.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 136.8 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 148.8 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 165.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 177.6 Q +2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 189.6 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0 +(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 201.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5 +(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 213.6 Q F0 +(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 225.6 Q F0(The w)26 E (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 -(x)108.77 172.8 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E +(x)108.77 237.6 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E (ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E -F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 184.8 Q F0 .315(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b) --.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315 +F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 249.6 Q F0 .316(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b) +-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315 (ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315 -(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F -(just one w)144 196.8 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 208.8 Q -F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 220.8 Q +(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F +(just one w)144 261.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 273.6 Q +F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 285.6 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 (x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 -237.6 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +302.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 254.4 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 266.4 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 278.4 Q F1(h) -108 295.2 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 319.2 Q F0 .183 +(After the optional w)108 331.2 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 +G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F +.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 343.2 Q F1(h) +108 360 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 -(t)108 307.2 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(t)108 372 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 319.2 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 384 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 331.2 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 343.2 -Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 355.2 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.) --.1 E F1(x)108 367.2 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 -E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) -2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 379.2 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 391.2 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 -(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 -(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 -403.2 R .617 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 396 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 408 Q +F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 420 Q F0(Quote the substituted w) +30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 432 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C +(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E +(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 444 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A +F0(Substitute)144 456 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 468 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 415.2 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) -3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +F .666(be quoted in)144 480 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 +E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 427.2 R -(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 -(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 439.2 Q F2(string) -2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 -(&)108 451.2 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 463.2 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 475.2 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 -(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 487.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 499.2 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 511.2 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 492 R(If) +5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn) +-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 504 Q F2(string)2.84 +E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) +108 516 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)108 +528 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898 +(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F +.397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C +(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 540 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218(used with `) +3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 552 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 564 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 576 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 528 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 540 R -.062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options pre\ -ceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 552 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 592.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 604.8 +R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 616.8 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F .078(do not treat)108 564 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F .077(do not treat)108 628.8 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E 5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0 (,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let) 2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G -.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108 576 -R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319(without requiring)2.819 -F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)-5.319 F .319 -(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32 -(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar) -108 588 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>3.643 -E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143(lid options and require).25 -F F1<adad>3.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this) -.15 F(interpretation.)108 600 Q F1(:)108 618 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 630 R .451 -(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 642 R -(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 658.8 Q F2 -(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 -670.8 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E -F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 682.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02 -(cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02 -(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F -(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 694.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.68(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2 -(\214lename)6.09 E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608 -(names in)144 706.8 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 -(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 718.8 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 730.8 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 -Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(49)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .32(ments be)108 640.8 +R .32(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.82 E F0 .32(without requiring)2.82 F +F1<adad>2.82 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)-5.319 F .319 +(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .319(guments b)-.18 F .319 +(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.143(accepting options interpret ar) +108 652.8 R 1.143(guments be)-.18 F 1.143(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> +3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143 +(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.644 E F0 1.144(to pre)3.644 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.144(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 664.8 Q F1(:)108 +682.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 694.8 R +.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) +3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 +706.8 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)144 84 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112 -(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the) -2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 -F F2(\214lename)144 96 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716 -(status of the last command e)144 108 R .716 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)110.5 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 +96 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 +(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) +.15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.68 +(status of the last command e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) +.15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2(\214lename)6.09 +E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 132 +R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 +(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename)3.108 +E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F3 -.666(PA) +3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333 +(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832 +(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +(\214le is found in)144 156 R F3 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 168 +S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 +E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612 +(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 180 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +2.841 F .342(The return status is the)5.342 F .716 +(status of the last command e)144 192 R .716 (xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 120 Q -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias) -108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2 -(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F3(Alias)144 148.8 Q F0 2.725 -(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F3<ad70>5.224 E F0 -2.724(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias) -5.224 E F2(name)144 160.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58 -(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 +.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 204 Q +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 232.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +F2(name)144 244.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 172.8 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 256.8 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) 5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 -(stitution when the alias is e)144 184.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 +(stitution when the alias is e)144 268.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 196.8 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 208.8 Q F3(bg)108 225.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -237.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F3(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 249.6 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 261.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 273.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F3(bind)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 -<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad71>-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 314.4 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad66>2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .053(is sup-)2.553 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 280.8 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 292.8 Q F1(bg)108 309.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +321.6 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 333.6 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 345.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 357.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 398.4 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F3(bind)108 350.4 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 362.4 R F3 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F3 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 374.4 R F3 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 386.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 398.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6d>144 -410.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 422.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 434.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 434.4 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 446.4 R F1 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 458.4 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 470.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 482.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 +494.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 506.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 518.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 446.4 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.429 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.929(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 -1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2 -(emacs\255standar)180 458.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F3<ad6c>144 470.4 Q F0 -(List the names of all)27.52 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F3<ad70>144 482.4 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 +(vi\255command)180 530.4 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429 +E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 +(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 +(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar) +180 542.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 554.4 Q F0 +(List the names of all)27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 566.4 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad50>144 494.4 -Q F0(List current)24.19 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F3<ad73>144 506.4 Q F0(Display)26.41 -E F3 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 578.4 +Q F0(List current)24.19 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 590.4 Q F0(Display)26.41 +E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 518.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad53>144 530.4 Q -F0(Display)24.74 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 602.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 614.4 Q +F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) -.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F3<ad76>144 542.4 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 626.4 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad56>144 554.4 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F3 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 638.4 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F3<ad66>144 566.4 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -578.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F3<ad71>144 590.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 602.4 Q +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 650.4 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +662.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1<ad71>144 674.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 686.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3<ad75>144 614.4 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 626.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3<ad72>144 638.4 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F3<ad78>144 662.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F3(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 674.4 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 -1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 686.4 Q F0 1.765(is e) -4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1 -(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F3 -.18(re)180 698.4 S(adline).18 E -F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F1 -(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -710.4 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 -(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F1(READLINE_POINT)180 722.4 Q/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(50)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 698.4 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 710.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(The return v)144 84 Q -(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)108 100.8 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .054(Exit from within a)144 112.8 R F1 --.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E -F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2 -(n)2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le) -2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 -10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 124.8 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 -.215(is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops\ - are e)2.955 F 2.714(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E -(is 0 unless)144 136.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 -(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)108 153.6 S(iltin).2 -E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 -(])A(Ex)144 165.6 Q .792(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792 -(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G -.793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793 -(This is useful)5.793 F .616 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad72>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 +(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c) +.15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad78>144 108 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A +F0(Cause)180 120 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke) +4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2 +(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 132 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 144 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 +156 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 168 Q/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) +144 184.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 +E F1(br)108 201.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 213.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 225.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +237.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 254.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 266.4 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -177.6 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -189.6 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +278.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +290.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 201.6 Q(alse if)-.1 +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 302.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 218.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 230.4 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 331.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 242.4 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 343.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 254.4 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 355.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 278.4 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 290.4 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 302.4 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +ent e)144 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 379.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 391.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 403.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]]] [)A F2(dir)A F0(]) -A .21(Change the current directory to)144 331.2 R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21 -(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E -F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21 -(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.776(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 343.2 R -F2(dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 -H .777(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 355.2 R 3.264(An)5.764 G -.764(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F4(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 367.2 -Q 2.973(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C -5.473(.I).74 G(f)-5.473 E F2(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F1<ad50>2.974 E F0 .474 -(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 379.2 R .58 +A .21(Change the current directory to)144 432 R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21 +(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def) +2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .777 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 444 R F2 +(dir)3.276 E F0 5.776(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.776 E 1.076 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +.776(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.276 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 456 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 +(ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E +F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 468 Q 2.974 +(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.474(.I) +.74 G(f)-5.474 E F2(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F1<ad50>2.973 E F0 .473 +(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 480 R .579 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.079 E F0 .579 -(option to the)3.079 F F1(set)144 391.2 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.716 G .216 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.716 E F0 .216 -(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.716 F 2.717(wed. If)-.25 F -(the)2.717 E F1<ad65>2.717 E F0 .217(option is sup-)2.717 F 1.087 -(plied with)144 403.2 R F1<ad50>3.587 E F0 3.587(,a)C 1.087 -(nd the current w)-3.587 F 1.086 +(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.08 E F0 .58 +(option to the)3.08 F F1(set)144 492 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.717 G .217 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.717 E F0 .217 +(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.717 F 2.716(wed. If)-.25 F +(the)2.716 E F1<ad65>2.716 E F0 .216(option is sup-)2.716 F 1.086 +(plied with)144 504 R F1<ad50>3.586 E F0 3.586(,a)C 1.086 +(nd the current w)-3.586 F 1.087 (orking directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-)-.1 F -.44(cessful directory change,)144 415.2 R F1(cd)2.94 E F0 .44 +.44(cessful directory change,)144 516 R F1(cd)2.94 E F0 .44 (will return an unsuccessful status.)2.94 F .44(An ar)5.44 F .44 (gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>2.94 E F0 .44(is equi)2.94 F -.25(va)-.25 G .44 -(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)144 427.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.045 -(If a non-empty directory name from)5.545 F F4(CDP)3.545 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.044(is used, or if)3.295 F F1<ad>3.544 E F0 1.044 -(is the \214rst ar)3.544 F(gument,)-.18 E .021(and the directory change\ - is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 439.2 R 2.522(ww) --.25 G .022(orking directory is writ-)-2.622 F .165 -(ten to the standard output.)144 451.2 R .165(The return v)5.165 F .165 +(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)144 528 Q F4(.)A F0 1.044 +(If a non-empty directory name from)5.544 F F3(CDP)3.544 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.045(is used, or if)3.295 F F1<ad>3.545 E F0 1.045 +(is the \214rst ar)3.545 F(gument,)-.18 E .021(and the directory change\ + is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 540 R 2.521(ww)-.25 +G .021(orking directory is writ-)-2.621 F .165 +(ten to the standard output.)144 552 R .165(The return v)5.165 F .165 (alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F .165(as successfully changed; f) --.1 F(alse)-.1 E(otherwise.)144 463.2 Q F1(command)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.1 F(alse)-.1 E(otherwise.)144 564 Q F1(command)108 580.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Run)144 492 Q F2(command)2.956 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 -E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 +(...])2.5 E(Run)144 592.8 Q F2(command)2.957 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar) +3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 504 R F4 -.666 -(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 604.8 R F3 +-.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 (cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 516 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 -(alue for)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E F0(is) +3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 616.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 528 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 540 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61 -(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F F1 -<ad56>144 552 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 564 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1(wa) -4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +5.399 E .174(either the)144 628.8 R F1<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F1<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.11(as)144 640.8 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F +.61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F +F1<ad56>144 652.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F1<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 664.8 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 576 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 588 S +(command)144.2 676.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 688.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 604.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 616.8 R +(compgen)108 705.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 717.6 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 628.8 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 729.6 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 640.8 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F -F1<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F1<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) -3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 652.8 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) --.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) --.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 676.8 R .352 -(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ -em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -688.8 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 700.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 724.8 Q -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(51)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(51)185.955 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.729 E F1 -(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad6f>-3.729 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F1 -<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47>-3.728 E F2 -(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57>-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 E(dlist) --.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 96 Q F0 -2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 108 Q F1<ad58>A F2 -(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 -132 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2 -(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F -F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 -(options are supplied, e)144 144 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -156 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) -2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 168 R(The)6.347 E F1 -<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 -F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 180 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E -3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F -3.455(ac)144 192 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F -.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 204 R(`empty') --.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 216 Q 1.437 +-.35 E 1.415(standard output.)144 84 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F1<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415 +(options, the v)3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415 +(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 F(grammable completion f)144 96 Q +(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 +-.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352 +(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 120 R .352 +(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ +em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 +132 R(If)5.02 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02 +(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 F(those completions matching)144 144 Q F2 +(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 168 Q +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 184.8 Q F0([)3.728 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C +F1<ad6f>-3.728 E F2(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.728 E +F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47> +-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad57>-3.729 E F2(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad46>-3.729 E F2(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +196.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 208.8 Q +F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 +220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.633(Specify ho)144 232.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 +244.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 256.8 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 268.8 R(The)6.347 E +F1<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 280.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 +292.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 304.8 R +(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 316.8 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -240 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 252 Q -.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 276 R .856 -.15(ve t) --.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 -3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 288 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 -<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 300 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 312 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 324 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +340.8 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +352.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 376.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 388.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 400.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 412.8 Q +F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 424.8 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 336 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 348 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 360 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 372 Q -F1(default)184 384 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) --5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) --.1 F(matches.)224 396 Q F1(dir)184 408 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ -tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 420 Q F1 -(\214lenames)184 432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 444 S .137(ll readline that the co\ -mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 -G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 456 R 2.634 -(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F -.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 468 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 480 Q F1(nospace) -184 492 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 436.8 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 448.8 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 460.8 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E +F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 +472.8 Q F1(default)184 484.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F 5.375(sd)-.55 +G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) +224 496.8 Q F1(dir)184 508.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ +ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 520.8 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 532.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 544.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 556.8 R +2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) +-2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 +568.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 580.8 Q +F1(nospace)184 592.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 (ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F -.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 504 Q F1(plusdirs) -184 516 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 604.8 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 616.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 528 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 540 -Q F1<ad41>144 552 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 564 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 -(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 628.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 +640.8 Q F1<ad41>144 652.8 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 664.8 Q F2 +(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -576 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 588 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 600 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 612 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 624 S(iltin).2 E F0 -(Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 636 -Q F0(Command names.)224 648 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 660 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 672 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 684 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 696 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -708 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(52)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +676.8 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 688.8 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 700.8 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 712.8 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 +G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 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When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +184 444 Q F1<ad46>144 456 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 +(The shell function)184 468 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 +(vironment. 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The)-.15 -F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1<ad58>144 540 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 588 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 600 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 +(each resultant w)184 612 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 624 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1<ad58>144 636 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 648 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 660 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 672 Q F3(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 684 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 604.8 R .466 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 700.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 712.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 724.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6 R -F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) --5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 -(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ -mmand completion; 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that is, completion attempted on a command for which no) +-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.177 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) +144 168 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 +E 1.388(The return v)144 192 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(continue)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 -124.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) -.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) --4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0 -1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 136.8 R F1(n)3.709 -E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 -10/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 148.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 160.8 Q F2(declar)108 177.6 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2 -(typeset)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 201.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) -3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 213.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 225.6 Q F1(name)3.579 E -F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F -(When)6.079 E F2<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F1 -(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151 -(ments, it will display the attrib)144 237.6 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F -.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib) --.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 -249.6 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F2<ad70>2.547 -E F0(,)A F2(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib) -2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 1.363 -(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.863 E F0 -1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The) -6.362 E F2<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\ -n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 273.6 R 2.423 -(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 285.6 R(the)2.664 E F2(extdeb) -2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F2(shopt) -2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 -F 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 297.6 -R(The)6.288 E F2<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F2<ad66> -3.788 E F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F2<ad67>3.789 E F0(option)3.789 E .491 -(forces v)144 309.6 R .491 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 220.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 232.8 R 1.753 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 256.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 268.8 Q F1(declar)108 285.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 +(typeset)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 309.6 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 321.6 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 333.6 Q F2(name)3.58 E F0 +(ar)3.58 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) +6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) +3.579 E F0(ar)3.579 E(gu-)-.18 E .15(ments, it will display the attrib) +144 345.6 R .15(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .151 +(ariables ha)-.25 F .151(ving the attrib)-.2 F .151 +(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .047(additional options.)144 357.6 R .047 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.047 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1 +(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .046(will display the attrib)2.546 F .046 +(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 369.6 S 1.362(lues of all shell v).25 F +3.862(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.862 E F0 1.363 +(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.862 F(The)6.363 +E F1<ad46>3.863 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ +\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 381.6 R 2.422 +(utes are)-.2 F 2.663(printed. If)144 393.6 R(the)2.663 E F1(extdeb) +2.663 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.663 F F1(shopt) +2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .164(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 +F 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 405.6 +R(The)6.288 E F1<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F1<ad66> +3.788 E F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F1<ad67>3.788 E F0(option)3.788 E .49 +(forces v)144 417.6 R .49 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.99(nw).15 G(hen)-2.99 E F2(declar)2.99 E(e)-.18 E F0 .49 -(is e)2.99 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .49(cuted in a).15 F .124(shell function.) -144 321.6 R .124(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.124 F .125 -(The follo)5.125 F .125(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 -F(to v)144 333.6 Q(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E -(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 -E F2<ad61>144 345.6 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2 -(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 357.6 Q -F0(Each)23.08 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 -H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 369.6 Q F0(Use function names only) -26.97 E(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 381.6 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 -(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 393.6 Q F0(abo) -2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 405.6 Q -F0 .909(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 417.6 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad72>144 429.6 -Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E -7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F -2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 -441.6 Q F2<ad74>144 453.6 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 -E F1(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) -2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 465.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 -477.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F +(ve)-.25 G 2.991(nw).15 G(hen)-2.991 E F1(declar)2.991 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.491(is e)2.991 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .491(cuted in a).15 F .125 +(shell function.)144 429.6 R .125(It is ignored in all other cases.) +5.125 F .125(The follo)5.125 F .124 +(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 F(to v)144 441.6 Q +(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15 +(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 453.6 Q F0 +(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 +G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 465.6 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E +F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) +-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 +477.6 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 489.6 Q +F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 +(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) +180 501.6 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G +(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E +F1<ad6c>144 513.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 525.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 537.6 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2 +(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 549.6 Q +F1<ad74>144 561.6 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 573.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 +585.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F --.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 489.6 R -(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78> -144 501.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 518.4 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 -(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 530.4 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) --3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F .53(tion, mak)144 542.4 R -.53(es each)-.1 F F1(name)3.03 E F0 .53(local, as with the)3.03 F F2 -(local)3.031 E F0 .531(command, unless the)3.031 F F2 .531 -(\255gP option is supplied, If a)3.031 F -.1(va)144 554.4 S 1.558 -(riable name is f).1 F(ollo)-.25 E 1.558(wed by =)-.1 F F1(value)A F2 -4.058(,t)C 1.558(he v)-4.058 F 1.557(alue of the v)-.1 F 1.557 -(ariable is set to)-.1 F F1(value)4.057 E F2 6.557(.T)C 1.557(he r) --6.557 F(etur)-.18 E(n)-.15 E -.1(va)144 566.4 S 1.168 +-.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 597.6 R +(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78> +144 609.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 626.4 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 +(to destro)144 638.4 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F .531(tion, mak)144 650.4 R +.531(es each)-.1 F F2(name)3.031 E F0 .531(local, as with the)3.031 F F1 +(local)3.031 E F0 .531(command, unless the)3.031 F F1 .53 +(\255gP option is supplied, If a)3.03 F -.1(va)144 662.4 S 1.557 +(riable name is f).1 F(ollo)-.25 E 1.557(wed by =)-.1 F F2(value)A F1 +4.057(,t)C 1.557(he v)-4.057 F 1.558(alue of the v)-.1 F 1.558 +(ariable is set to)-.1 F F2(value)4.058 E F1 6.558(.T)C 1.558(he r) +-6.558 F(etur)-.18 E(n)-.15 E -.1(va)144 674.4 S 1.168 (lue is 0 unless an in).1 F -.1(va)-.4 G 1.168(lid option is encounter) .1 F 1.168(ed, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function)-.18 F(using) -144 578.4 Q/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .312(\255f foo=bar)2.812 F F2 2.812(,a)C +144 686.4 Q/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .311(\255f foo=bar)2.811 F F1 2.812(,a)C 2.812(na)-2.812 G .312(ttempt is made to assign a v)-2.812 F .312 -(alue to a r)-.1 F .312(eadonly v)-.18 F .311(ariable, an attempt)-.1 F -.615(is made to assign a v)144 590.4 R .615(alue to an array v)-.1 F -.616(ariable without using the compound assignment syn-)-.1 F .26 -(tax \(see Arrays)144 602.4 R F0(abo)2.76 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(\), one of the).15 F F1(names)2.76 E F0 .259(is not a v)2.76 F .259 -(alid shell v)-.25 F .259(ariable name, an attempt is made to)-.25 F -.703(turn of)144 614.4 R 3.203(fr)-.25 G .704 -(eadonly status for a readonly v)-3.203 F .704 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.204(fa)-.25 G .704 -(rray status for an)-3.204 F(array v)144 626.4 Q -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a non-e)-.25 E -(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [+)108 643.2 -Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0 --.4(Wi)144 655.2 S .329 -(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 667.2 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 679.2 Q -F0(command; the)2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F2(+)144 691.2 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 703.2 Q F2<ad>144 715.2 Q F1 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 727.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(54)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(alue to a r)-.1 F .312(eadonly v)-.18 F .312(ariable, an attempt)-.1 F +.616(is made to assign a v)144 698.4 R .615(alue to an array v)-.1 F +.615(ariable without using the compound assignment syn-)-.1 F .259 +(tax \(see Arrays)144 710.4 R F0(abo)2.759 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .259 +(\), one of the).15 F F2(names)2.759 E F0 .259(is not a v)2.759 F .26 +(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, an attempt is made to)-.25 F .704 +(turn of)144 722.4 R 3.204(fr)-.25 G .704 +(eadonly status for a readonly v)-3.204 F .704 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.204(fa)-.25 G .703 +(rray status for an)-3.204 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad63>144 84 Q F0 +-.35 E(array v)144 84 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a non-e)-.25 E +(xistent function with)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(dirs [+)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E +F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0 -.4(Wi)144 112.8 S .328 +(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 124.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 136.8 Q +F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 148.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 160.8 Q F1<ad>144 172.8 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 184.8 Q F1<ad63>144 196.8 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -<ad6c>144 96 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 -(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory) -180 108 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 120 Q F0 +<ad6c>144 208.8 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F +.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F +(tory)180 220.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 232.8 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 -132 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 -G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 144 Q .258(The return v)144 160.8 R .258 +244.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 +G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 256.8 Q .257(The return v)144 273.6 R .258 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.758 E F0 -(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258 -(ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 172.8 Q F1(diso)108 -189.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 201.6 S .295 -(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295 -(is not present,)3.105 F .423(and neither)144 213.6 R F1<ad61>2.923 E F0 -(nor)2.923 E F1<ad72>2.923 E F0 .423(is supplied, the shell')2.923 F -2.923(sn)-.55 G .423(otion of the)-2.923 F F2(curr)2.922 E .422(ent job) --.37 F F0 .422(is used.)2.922 F .422(If the)5.422 F F1<ad68>2.922 E F0 -.422(option is)2.922 F(gi)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .14(n, each).15 F -F2(jobspec)4.38 E F0 .14(is not remo)2.95 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 -G .141(rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that) --.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .141(is not sent to the) -2.391 F .005(job if the shell recei)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa) -.15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004(If no)4.504 F F2 -(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F1<ad61> -2.504 E F0 .004(nor the)2.504 F F1<ad72>2.504 E F0 .004(option is)2.504 -F 1.228(supplied, the)144 249.6 R F2(curr)3.728 E 1.228(ent job)-.37 F -F0 1.229(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2(jobspec)5.469 E F0 -1.229(is supplied, the)4.039 F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 1.229 -(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.529 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .657 -(mark all jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1<ad72>3.157 E F0 .657 -(option without a)3.157 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .656 -(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.656 E -(return v)144 273.6 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 290.4 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.394(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 285.6 Q F1(diso)108 302.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 314.4 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec) +4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295 +(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 +F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .422(and neither) +144 326.4 R F1<ad61>2.922 E F0(nor)2.922 E F1<ad72>2.922 E F0 .422 +(is supplied, the shell')2.922 F 2.922(sn)-.55 G .422(otion of the) +-2.922 F F2(curr)2.923 E .423(ent job)-.37 F F0 .423(is used.)2.923 F +.423(If the)5.423 F F1<ad68>2.923 E F0 .423(option is)2.923 F(gi)144 +338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec)4.381 E F0 .141 +(is not remo)2.951 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 G .141 +(rom the table, b)-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that)-.1 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.641 E F0 .14(is not sent to the)2.39 F +.004(job if the shell recei)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F3 +(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .004(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec) +4.244 E F0 .004(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0 +.005(nor the)2.504 F F1<ad72>2.505 E F0 .005(option is)2.505 F 1.229 +(supplied, the)144 362.4 R F2(curr)3.729 E 1.229(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229 +(is used.)3.729 F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229 +(is supplied, the)4.039 F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 1.228(option means to remo) +3.729 F 1.528 -.15(ve o)-.15 H(r).15 E .656(mark all jobs; the)144 374.4 +R F1<ad72>3.156 E F0 .657(option without a)3.156 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0 +(ar)3.467 E .657(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The) +5.657 E(return v)144 386.4 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 403.2 +Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 +E .395(Output the)144 415.2 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 -(wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 -(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F1<ad6e>2.895 E F0 .549 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 314.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.) +(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 +(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F1<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 427.2 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 326.4 Q -.052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 -<ad45>2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 -F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G -4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 -(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 -E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 350.4 R -F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 -F .66(by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(does not interpret)3.16 F F1<adad>3.16 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 374.4 Q -F1(\\a)144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 -(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E -F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1 -(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E -2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E -F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15 -(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 -(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 439.2 Q +.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 +<ad45>2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 +F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G +4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 +(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 +E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 +(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 463.2 R +F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters) +.15 F .659(by def)144 475.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 +(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 487.2 Q +F1(\\a)144 499.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 511.2 Q F0 +(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 523.2 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E +F1(\\e)144 535.2 Q(\\E)144 547.2 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1 +(\\f)144 559.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 571.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E +2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 583.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E +F1(\\t)144 595.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 607.2 Q F0 -.15 +(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 619.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 +(\\0)144 631.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 643.2 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R -.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) -4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 -F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F -F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F -F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1<ad64> -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 715.2 R F1<ad70> -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 -(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6) -138.465 E(55)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 655.2 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 667.2 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 679.2 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 691.2 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 703.2 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 715.2 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(55) +185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.917(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The) -.2 F .379(return v)2.879 F(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 -(name)3.855 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994 -(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994 -(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 -136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 -Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278 +(Enable and disable b)144 96 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 +(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 +(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144 +108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 +(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334 +(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R +.989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 +.989(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 144 R +.081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 168 Q F1<ad64> +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 180 R F1<ad70> +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 204 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 216 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 228 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 240 +Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 256.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(The)144 268.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 280.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 292.8 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 213.6 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 321.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 333.6 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 345.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 357.6 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 369.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F -.318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 381.6 Q .617 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .317(hell e).15 F +.317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318 (is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 -(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 +(ure. An)144 393.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 (hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 285.6 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 -(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 405.6 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 367.2 R -F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.626 E F1 -<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 391.2 Q F0 .66 -(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659 -(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F1<ad6e>3.159 E F0 -(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 403.2 R 1.586 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 417.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 446.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 475.2 Q +F0 .256(The supplied)144 487.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 +F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 499.2 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 511.2 Q F0 .659(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e) +3.159 F .66(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F1<ad6e> +3.16 E F0(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 523.2 R 1.587 (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 (rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 415.2 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v) +1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 535.2 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v) -.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 +(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 547.2 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 -439.2 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 +559.2 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 480 R .478 -(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F2<8c72>4.888 E -(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .477 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 492 R F2 -.45(Fi) -5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882 +588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477(Fix Command.)144 600 R .478 +(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E +(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .478 +(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 612 R F2 -.45(Fi) +5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F2(last)3.472 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F -.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 -504 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 516 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F -(If)5.276 E F2(last)2.866 E F0 .277 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 -(for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 -(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F -(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 540 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q +.881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 +624 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) +.15 F(of)144 636 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F +(If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 +(for listing \(so that)144 648 R F4 .092(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092 +(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E +F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not) +3.273 F(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 660 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 684 Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 696 R .438(If the)5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 -(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.335(the editor gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 600 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E -F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 612 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 -(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 -(is replaced by)2.539 F F2 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) --2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 660 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') -2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 -6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F -.407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 672 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 E -F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 696 R .142 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 708 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 -(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(56) -188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E 1.668(the v)144 720 R 1.668(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)4.168 +E F0 -.25(va)3.918 G 1.668(riable is used, and the v).25 F 1.669 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)4.169 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.919 E F3(FCEDIT)4.169 +E F0 1.669(is not set.)3.919 F(If)6.669 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.135 +-.35 E .187(neither v)144 84 R .187(ariable is set,)-.25 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(vi)4.353 E F0 .187(is used.)4.353 F .187 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.187 F +-.15(exe)144 96 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 120 R F1 +(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) +2.54 F F1 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 +(alias to use with this is)144 132 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .406 +(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing) +-2.906 F F2 6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406 +(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)144 144 +Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F2(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 168 R .142 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 180 R +.454(If the)5.454 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 96 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E -F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 124.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413 -(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 -(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 -(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 136.8 Q -3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job) --.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 148.8 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 160.8 Q -F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) +204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 216 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 232.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 244.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 256.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 268.8 Q +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 280.8 Q +F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) 4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 -(as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 177.6 Q F1 -(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 -189.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 201.6 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 213.6 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(as started without job control.)-.1 F F3(getopts)108 297.6 Q F1 +(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 +309.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 321.6 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 333.6 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 225.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 237.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 249.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 261.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 273.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 285.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 345.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 357.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 369.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 381.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 393.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 405.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 297.6 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 321.6 R F2(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 333.6 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 417.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 441.6 R F3(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 453.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 357.6 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 -369.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 393.6 Q F0 1.165 -(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 -(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.264 -(reporting is used.)144 405.6 R 1.263 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 477.6 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 +489.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 513.6 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263 +(reporting is used.)144 525.6 R 1.263 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 -417.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 429.6 Q +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +537.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 453.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -465.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 -E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 477.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -501.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 513.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 525.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 -(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 -(getopts)144 549.6 Q F0 .902 +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 573.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +585.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 597.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +621.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 633.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F4(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F3 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 645.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F4 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 +(getopts)144 669.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 561.6 Q F2(hash)108 -578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.858(Each time)144 590.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 681.6 Q F3(hash)108 +698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 710.4 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 602.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 722.4 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .098(If the)144 614.4 -R F2<ad70>2.598 E F0 .098 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.598 F F1 -(\214lename)4.509 E F0 .099(is used as the full \214le name)2.779 F -1.712(of the command.)144 626.4 R(The)6.712 E F2<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F2<ad64>4.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 638.4 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F2<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 650.4 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -662.4 R F2<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 -<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 -(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -674.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 686.4 Q F2<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 698.4 Q F1(name)2.86 -E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(57)188.455 E 0 Cg -EP +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 -2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867 -(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 -F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) -3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E -.306(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807 -(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 -<ad64>144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each) +-.35 E .099(If the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.599 E F0 .099 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.599 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)4.508 E F0 .098 +(is used as the full \214le name)2.778 F 1.711(of the command.)144 96 R +(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711(option causes the shell to for) +4.211 F 1.712(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64> +4.212 E F0 .833(option causes the shell to for)144 108 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 120 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +132 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 .795 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 +(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 144 +R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .935 +(n, or if).15 F(only)144 156 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 168 Q F2(name)2.86 E +F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F1(help)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +196.8 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 +208.8 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 220.8 Q F1 +<ad64>144 232.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 244.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) 21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) --2.5 E F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0 +-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E -F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 168 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 184.8 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 196.8 Q(history \255d)108 208.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -F1(history \255p)108 232.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 244.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 268.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 285.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 297.6 Q(history \255d)108 309.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 333.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 345.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -256.8 S .752 +357.6 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 268.8 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 369.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 280.8 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 292.8 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 381.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 393.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 304.8 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 405.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 316.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 417.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 328.8 Q F0 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 429.6 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 -340.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 352.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0 .598 -(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 -(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 376.8 Q F0 -(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 388.8 Q F0 .854(Rea\ +441.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) +180 453.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 465.6 Q F0 .599 +(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598 +(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598 +(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 477.6 Q F0 +(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 489.6 Q F0 .854(Rea\ d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\ -urrent history list.)24.74 F .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 400.8 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 412.8 Q F1<ad72>144 424.8 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +urrent history list.)24.74 F .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 501.6 R +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +(sion.)180 513.6 Q F1<ad72>144 525.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ ory \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77> -144 436.8 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 +144 537.6 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 448.8 Q F0 .626 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 549.6 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 460.8 R .475 +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 561.6 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 472.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 484.8 Q F0 -.363(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 496.8 Q -.15 +(normal history e)180 573.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 +.362(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 597.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 513.6 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 614.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 525.6 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 537.6 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 549.6 R .416 -(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 626.4 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 638.4 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 650.4 R .416 +(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 561.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 573.6 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 -E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 -590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F1(jobs \255x)108 602.4 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 614.4 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 626.4 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 -<ad6e>144 638.4 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F -.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 650.4 Q F1<ad70>144 -662.4 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 674.4 Q F0 -(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0 -(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 703.2 Q F2(jobspec) -4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 715.2 Q -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(58)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +, an in)144 662.4 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 674.4 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 691.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 703.2 Q F2(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 715.2 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E +(58)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .395(If the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394 -(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F -(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)3.204 -F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 96 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)2.5 E -(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F1 -(kill)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 -G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 136.8 R F2 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 148.8 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 160.8 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>144 84 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 +<ad6e>144 96 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 +F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194 +(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 108 Q F1<ad70>144 120 Q +F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 132 Q F0 +(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 144 Q F0 +(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 160.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.314(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313 +(.T)-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 172.8 Q +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 +189.6 R F1<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs) +2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394 +(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 +E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 +201.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E +F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.) +-.15 E F1(kill)108 218.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|) +2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A +F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..) +-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 230.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 +242.4 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 254.4 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 266.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 172.8 Q .523(gument of)-.18 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 278.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) .18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 184.8 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 290.4 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 196.8 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F -F1<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 208.8 +F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 302.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F1<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 314.4 R F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 220.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.) -.25 E F1(let)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 249.6 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197 -(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 -(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F -(the last)144 261.6 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F +(occurs or an in)144 326.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.) +.25 E F1(let)108 343.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 355.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196 +(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855 +(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F +(the last)144 367.2 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G (luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) -2.5 E F1(local)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) --2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 290.4 S -2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 -(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) -2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 -.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 302.4 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +2.5 E F1(local)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 396 S 2.56(re) +.15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named) +-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value) +2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F +(an)144 408 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -314.4 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 +420 Q F2(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 (isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 326.4 Q F0 1.165 -(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 +(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 432 Q F0 1.164 +(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 -(within a function.)144 338.4 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 -F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F --.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 -350.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(logout)108 367.2 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 384 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2 -(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43> --2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 396 S -(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f> --2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 -(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E(ay) --.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 -F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 420 R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248 -(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 432 -Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 -444 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 -E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.) -2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 456 Q F0(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr) -2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 -G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1 -<ad73>144 468 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 -(lines read.)2.5 E F1<ad74>144 480 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 -H(railing ne).15 E(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 492 Q -F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 504 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E +6.165 F F1(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233 +(within a function.)144 444 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233 F +F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144 456 Q +F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 +472.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac) +2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 501.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([) +2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 +E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 513.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 525.6 +R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 537.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 549.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G +2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2 +(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 561.6 Q F0 +(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde) +2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 +E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 573.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 585.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E +(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 597.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 609.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E (aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 516 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 532.8 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 621.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 638.4 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 544.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 556.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 568.8 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 585.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 650.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 662.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 674.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 691.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 602.4 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 614.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 708 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 720 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 631.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -655.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 667.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 679.2 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 -(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 691.2 Q F1(+)144 703.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 -.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -715.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(59)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 96 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd -0) -2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E -(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643 -(If the)144 112.8 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a) -3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 -E F0 .416(returns f)144 124.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 136.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 -E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 177.6 R(ariable) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5 +(][)C(+)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A +F0(])A(Remo)144 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299 +(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar) +.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3 +(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 108 +R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 120 Q F1<ad6e>144 132 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 +(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 168 +S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E +F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 180 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo) +25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 192 +R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0 +(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 208.8 R F1(popd)3.144 E +F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 +E F0 .415(returns f)144 220.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 232.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 261.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 273.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 189.6 Q(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 285.6 Q(The)144 309.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 237.6 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 249.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 261.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 273.6 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 333.6 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 345.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 357.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 369.6 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 285.6 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c) +5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 381.6 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c) 3.108 E F0 .608(terminates output, backslashes in)3.108 F F1<5c08>3.108 E F0(,)A F1(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F1(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608 (are not remo)3.108 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .608(d, and octal).15 F(escapes be) -180 297.6 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F1(\\0)2.5 E F0 -(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F1(%q)144 309.6 Q F0(causes) +180 393.6 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F1(\\0)2.5 E F0 +(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F1(%q)144 405.6 Q F0(causes) 20.44 E F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2 (ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell) -2.51 F(input.)180 321.6 Q F1(%\()144 333.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 345.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 357.6 R F2 +2.51 F(input.)180 417.6 Q F1(%\()144 429.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 +(causes)180 441.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 453.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -369.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +465.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F .458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 381.6 Q(as in) --.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 398.4 Q .463(guments to n\ -on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 410.4 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 477.6 Q(as in) +-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 494.4 Q .464(guments to n\ +on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 506.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 422.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 439.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 518.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 535.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 451.2 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 547.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 463.2 Q(The return v)5 E +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 559.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ -ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 504 R 3.14(wt)-.25 -G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 516 R 1.316 -(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 -(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 -(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 -(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 528 R 5.871(.A)-.65 -G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15(ve t) --.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 540 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 552 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \ +108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ +tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 600 R 3.139(wt)-.25 +G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 612 R 1.315 +(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315 +(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316 +(irectories and)-3.816 F .872 +(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 624 R 5.871(.A)-.65 +G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 636 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 648 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \ adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 564 Q F1(+)144 576 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267 -(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)180 588 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1<ad>144 600 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 660 Q F1(+)144 672 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268 +(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)180 684 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1<ad>144 696 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 612 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 624 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 640.8 -R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs) -2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 -(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 652.8 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G -3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 -1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 -664.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ -ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F -(speci\214ed ne)144 676.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E -(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 693.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 705.6 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -717.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 729.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 -E(60)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +F F1(dirs)180 708 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name o\ -f the current directory or an in)144 84 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E -(option is supplied.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 112.8 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2 -(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 -<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E -F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A -([)108 124.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 136.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 148.8 Q -F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038 -(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G -.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E -F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) -.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 -(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 172.8 R .54(wer w)-.25 -F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ -are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 184.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 -(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)144.35 84 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir) +2.85 E F0(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5 +(wc)-.25 G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the) +144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489 +(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 112.8 R F1(dir) +3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) +-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 +(stack is empty)144 124.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ + directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 136.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 165.6 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +177.6 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 189.6 R(the)3.263 E F2<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 201.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 213.6 Q F2 -.18(re)108 230.4 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad61>-3.816 E F1 +(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad64>-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F2<ad69>-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad6e> +-3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.817 E +F1(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad70>-3.817 E F1(pr) +3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad74>-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F2<ad75>-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 242.4 Q F1(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 254.4 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 266.4 Q F2<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039 +(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) +-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G .038(he second w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42 +(and so on, with lefto)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 +(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 +(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 290.4 R .541(wer w) +-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ +ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 302.4 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F +.011(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 -(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 -(be used to remo)144 196.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H -1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 +(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891 +(be used to remo)144 314.4 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15 +H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 220.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 232.8 R 1.049 +(Options, if supplied, ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 338.4 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 350.4 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 244.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 256.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 268.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1 +(aname)180.33 362.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 374.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 386.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1<ad65>144 280.8 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 292.8 R .218 +F2<ad65>144 398.4 Q F0 .373 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 +(to obtain the line.)180 410.4 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F1<ad69>144 316.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 -G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) +(acti)180 422.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +F2<ad69>144 434.4 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.716 +G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te) 2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E -.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 328.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 -340.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 352.8 S(ad).18 E -F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 364.8 Q -(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad4e>144 376.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 388.8 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +.215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 446.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 +458.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 470.4 S(ad).18 E +F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F1(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395 +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 482.4 Q +(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E +(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +<ad4e>144 494.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 506.4 S +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 400.8 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 412.8 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 424.8 Q F1<ad70> -144 436.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 448.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 518.4 R F2 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 530.4 +R F2 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F1(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 542.4 Q F2<ad70> +144 554.4 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 566.4 Q F1(pr)3.66 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) --.25 F(an)180 460.8 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 472.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 484.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +-.25 F(an)180 578.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 +<ad72>144 590.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 602.4 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 508.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 520.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 -G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 -(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 532.8 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 -(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing) --.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 544.8 R .576(This option is only ef) -5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G -(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141 -(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 556.8 R .142 -(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E -F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 568.8 S(ad).18 E -F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113 -(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 580.8 Q +-.25 E F2<ad73>144 614.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 +<ad74>144 626.4 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 638.4 Q F2 -.18(re)3.548 +G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 +(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F1(timeout) +180 650.4 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F1(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997 +(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing) +-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 662.4 R .576(This option is only ef) +5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)3.076 G +(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142 +(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 674.4 R .142 +(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E +F1(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F2 -.18(re)180 686.4 S(ad).18 E +F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114 +(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 698.4 Q (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 -E F1<ad75>144 592.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 609.6 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 -.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192 -(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 621.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) -.18 E F0 1.343 -(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F -(128\), or an in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +E F2<ad75>144 710.4 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) +14.46 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 727.2 R F1(names)3.052 E F0 +.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191 +(The return code is zero,)4.691 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(61)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E 1.343(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.843 G(ad).18 E F0 1.343 +(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F +(128\), or an in)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1 -<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 650.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 662.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 -(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 -(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 674.4 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 686.4 Q 3.334(ed. The) +<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0 +([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 124.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77 +(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 +.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 +136.8 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 148.8 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 698.4 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 +-.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 160.8 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037 (rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> -3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08 -(of all readonly names is printed.)144 710.4 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E -F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F -1.177(be reused as input.)144 722.4 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 +3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081 +(of all readonly names is printed.)144 172.8 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581 +E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581 +F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 184.8 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 -E(61)188.455 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)144 84 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C 1.205 -(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206 -(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F1(names)4.066 E F0 1.206 -(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 96 S(lid shell v).25 E(ariable name, or) --.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F1 -(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 112.8 S -(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .587 -(Causes a function to e)144 124.8 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F -.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F1(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 -E F1(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 +3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 196.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C +1.206(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205 +(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.065 E F0 1.205 +(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 208.8 S(lid shell v).25 E +(ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 +(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586 +(Causes a function to e)144 237.6 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F +.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 +E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 +(that of the last command e)144 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 148.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.294 E F0(\() -5.794 E F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 -(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 -(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 160.8 R F1(n)3.105 -E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 172.8 R .082 +144 261.6 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() +5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 +(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 +(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 273.6 R F2(n)3.106 +E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 285.6 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 -(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 -(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 184.8 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F -4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F2(RETURN) -4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) +(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082 +(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 297.6 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F +4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN) +4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) -144 196.8 Q F2(set)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F2 -(set)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o) --2.5 E F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 237.6 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F -.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835 +144 309.6 Q F1(set)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 +(set)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 350.4 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F +.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836 (ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 249.6 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 261.6 R F1 .447(posix mode) -2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 362.4 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 374.4 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 273.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 285.6 R 1.623 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 386.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 398.4 R 1.624 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F2($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 309.6 Q -F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 -(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 321.6 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) --.4 E F2<ad62>144 333.6 Q F0 .132 +144 410.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 422.4 Q +F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F +.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 434.4 Q +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 446.4 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 345.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 357.6 Q F0 .51 -(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F1(pipeline)3.01 E F0 .511 -(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F1 .511(simple command)3.011 F -F0 3.011(\), a)B F1(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 369.6 Q F0 .872 -(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15 +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 458.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 +.511(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511 +(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .51(simple command)3.01 F F0 +3.01(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.01 E(shell)184 482.4 Q F0 .872 +(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.372 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 -(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 381.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 494.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G -.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 393.6 R 1.468 -(shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 -(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 405.6 -R .569(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F2(until)3.069 E F0 --.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57 -(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F2(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 -417.6 Q .91(ed w)-.15 F .91(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.41(yc)-.15 G .909 -(ommand e)-3.41 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.409 E F0 -(or)3.409 E F2(||)3.409 E F0 .909(list e)3.409 F .909(xcept the command) --.15 F(follo)184 429.6 Q .049(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)2.549 E F0 -(or)2.549 E F2(||)2.549 E F0 2.549(,a)C .349 -.15(ny c)-2.549 H .049 -(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .05(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F -(s)-.55 E .373(return v)184 441.6 R .373(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .373(rted with).15 F F2(!)2.873 E F0 5.372(.A)C .372(trap on) --2.5 F F2(ERR)2.872 E F0 2.872(,i)C 2.872(fs)-2.872 G .372(et, is e) --2.872 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .372(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184 -453.6 S 2.896(its. This).15 F .397(option applies to the shell en)2.896 -F .397(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .397(vironment sepa-)-.4 F -.191(rately \(see)184 465.6 R F3 .19(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.691 F +.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.968(status. The)184 506.4 R 1.468 +(shell does not e)3.968 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 +(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .57(immediately follo)184 518.4 +R .57(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(until)3.07 E F0 -.1 +(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .569 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(elif)3.069 E F0(reserv) +184 530.4 Q .909(ed w)-.15 F .909(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.409(yc)-.15 G +.909(ommand e)-3.409 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.409 +E F0(or)3.409 E F1(||)3.41 E F0 .91(list e)3.41 F .91(xcept the command) +-.15 F(follo)184 542.4 Q .05(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)2.55 E F0(or) +2.55 E F1(||)2.55 E F0 2.55(,a)C .35 -.15(ny c)-2.55 H .049 +(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .049(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F +(s)-.55 E .372(return v)184 554.4 R .372(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .372(rted with).15 F F1(!)2.872 E F0 5.372(.A)C .372(trap on) +-2.5 F F1(ERR)2.872 E F0 2.872(,i)C 2.873(fs)-2.872 G .373(et, is e) +-2.873 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .373(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184 +566.4 S 2.897(its. This).15 F .397(option applies to the shell en)2.897 +F .396(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .396(vironment sepa-)-.4 F +.19(rately \(see)184 578.4 R F3 .19(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.69 F (ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.44 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .19 -(\), and may cause subshells).15 F(to e)184 477.6 Q(xit before e)-.15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F2<ad66> -144 489.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad68>144 -501.6 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738 -(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 513.6 Q(ault.)-.1 -E F2<ad6b>144 525.6 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 +(\), and may cause subshells).15 F(to e)184 590.4 Q(xit before e)-.15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1<ad66> +144 602.4 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad68>144 +614.4 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738 +(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 626.4 Q(ault.)-.1 +E F1<ad6b>144 638.4 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 537.6 Q F2 -<ad6d>144 549.6 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 -(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F -.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 561.6 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .636 -(processes run in a)3.136 F .641 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 573.6 R .642 -(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 585.6 Q F2 -<ad6e>144 597.6 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -609.6 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 -E F2<ad6f>144 621.6 Q F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 633.6 Q F1 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 -(allexport)184 645.6 Q F0(Same as)224 657.6 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(braceexpand)184 669.6 Q F0(Same as)224 681.6 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(emacs)184 693.6 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) --.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 717.6 R(also af)2.5 E -(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E -(62)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 650.4 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 662.4 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 674.4 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .637 +(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 +(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 686.4 R .641 +(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 698.4 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 710.4 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +722.4 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(err)184 84 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E -F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(hashall)184 132 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 168 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G -3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 180 Q +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 +(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 108 Q F0 +(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 132 Q F0 +(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 156 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. 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This)224 180 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) +184 192 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 204 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace) +184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 240 Q +F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 252 Q F0 +(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 276 Q F0 .587 +(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 +(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 288 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -192 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 204 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -216 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 228 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 252 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 264 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 288 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(noglob)184 300 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 -312 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 324 Q F0(Same as)15 E -F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 336 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 348 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(ph)184 360 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(pipefail)184 372 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 384 R +300 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 312 R 1.656 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +324 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 360 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 372 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 396 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(noglob)184 408 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 +420 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 432 Q F0(Same as)15 E +F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 444 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 456 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(ph)184 468 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(pipefail)184 480 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 492 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 396 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 408 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 504 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 516 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 420 Q -/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 432 Q(vileged) --.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 456 S -(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 468 Q F0 -1.466(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965 -(ace. 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This)-.1 +F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 588 Q +(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)184 +600 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 618 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 +E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053 +(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552(alues of the current options are printed.) +-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 630 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F +F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set) +3.572 E F0 1.072(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 642 Q F1<ad70> +144 654 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. 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This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 108 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 120 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 216 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 228 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 132 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 240 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 144 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 156 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) --2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1 -<ad48>144 192 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 216 Q F0 1.164 +.15 F(tor)184 252 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 264 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on) +-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 288 Q F1 +<ad48>144 300 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 312 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 324 Q F0 1.165 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.685 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821 +(that change the current w)184 336 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 348 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 360 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +372 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 300 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 396 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 408 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) -.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1<ad>144 324 Q F0 1.944 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g) --.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 336 R F1 -<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144 -364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 420 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 +432 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 +(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G +1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 444 R +F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 456 Q .425(The options are of)144 +472.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 484.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 496.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 508.8 Q F1(shift)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 537.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 549.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 561.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 573.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)108 602.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 614.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 <ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ -ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 518.4 R(The) -144 530.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ -d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) -5.327 F(ha)144 542.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 554.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 -E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 566.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 578.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ +ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 626.4 R(The) +144 638.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ +d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options) +5.328 F(ha)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 -(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 590.4 R .256 -(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 +(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .255 +(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 -<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F -(all)180 602.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) -2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 614.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0 -(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127 -(If either)144 631.2 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 -.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 -(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 -(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 -1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 655.2 Q(ault.) --.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -672 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 -(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 684 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 696 Q(The list of)144 712.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(64) -188.455 E 0 Cg EP +<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F +(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(autocd)144 84 Q F0 .199 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E +(alues of)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0 +(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128(If either)144 100.8 R F1 +<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0 .127(is used with no) +2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 +(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023 +(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0 +1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 124.8 Q(ault.) +-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 +141.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 96 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 108 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 120 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 132 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 144 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) -10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 156 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 168 R 4.352 -.65(y. I) --.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 +10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.352 -.65 +(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 180 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 192 Q F0 2.08 -(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 216 S(cute it.).15 E +(the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash) +4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F +2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 332.4 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 228 Q -F0 .448(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 252 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 264 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 276 Q -.1(wa)-.1 -G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 288 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 -300 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G -.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G -.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 312 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E -F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 -324 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa) -3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) +-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +416.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 +E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) +144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -336 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 348 Q -F0 .42(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F -.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 372 Q(s)-.55 E F1 -(=~)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 384 Q F0 1.409 -(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F -1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 408 Q(s)-.55 -E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators.)2.5 E F1(compat40)144 -420 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha) -3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.682 -(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 444 R(s)-.55 -E F1(<)4.183 E F0(and)4.183 E F1(>)4.183 E F0 1.683(operators and the) -4.183 F(ef)184 456 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1 -(compat41)144 468 Q F0 1.232(@item compat41 If set,)184 480 R F1(bash) -3.732 E F0 3.732(,w)C 1.232 -(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-)-3.732 F 1.213 -(quoted parameter e)184 492 R 1.213(xpansion as a special character)-.15 -F 6.213(.T)-.55 G 1.214(he single quotes must match \(an)-6.213 F -2.15 --.25(ev e)184 504 T 2.949(nn).25 G .448(umber\) and the characters betw\ -een the single quotes are considered quoted.)-2.949 F(This)5.448 E .062 -(is the beha)184 516 R .062(vior of posix mode through v)-.2 F .062 -(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .062(The def)5.062 F .062(ault bash beha)-.1 F .063 -(vior remains as)-.2 F(in pre)184 528 Q(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E -F1(dirspell)144 540 Q F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 +Q F0 .419(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) +2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184 +488.4 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E +F0(operator)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 500.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 +512.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.265 +(string comparison when using the)184 524.4 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266 +(conditional command')3.766 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F1(>) +3.766 E F0 3.766(operators. Bash)3.766 F -.15(ve)184 536.4 S .513 +(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F F2(str)3.012 E +(cmp)-.37 E F0 .512(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F +(current locale')184 548.4 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E +F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 560.4 Q F0 +1.409(If set,)184 572.4 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha) +3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +(string comparison when using the)184 584.4 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F(vious item\) and the ef)184 +596.4 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 +608.4 Q F0 1.232(@item compat41 If set,)184 620.4 R F1(bash)3.732 E F0 +3.732(,w)C 1.232(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-) +-3.732 F 1.214(quoted parameter e)184 632.4 R 1.214 +(xpansion as a special 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2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 576 Q F0 1.387 -(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 716.4 Q F0 1.386 +(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 588 Q +1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 728.4 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 600 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 612 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 624 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 636 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(If set, beha)184 648 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 660 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E -F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 672 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 684 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 -F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 696 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 708 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 720 S .488 -(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(65)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(65)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sour)220 84 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)28.5 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 108 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 120 Q F0 1.359 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand_aliases)144 84 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 96 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 108 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 120 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 132 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See)184 420 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) +184 432 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 444 Q F0 .179(If set, the pattern) +5 F F1(**)2.679 E F0 .178(used in a pathname e)2.678 F .178 +(xpansion conte)-.15 F .178(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F +1.297(more directories and subdirectories.)184 456 R 1.298 +(If the pattern is follo)6.297 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.798 E F0 +3.798(,o)C 1.298(nly directories)-3.798 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +468 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 480 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 492 Q F1(histappend)144 +504 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -384 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 396 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 408 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 432 Q F1(histv)144 444 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 456 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +516 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 528 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 540 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 552 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 564 Q F1(histv)144 576 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 588 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 468 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 480 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 600 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 612 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 492 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -516 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 528 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 540 Q F0(If set,) -184 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(hostcomplete)144 624 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 636 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +648 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 660 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 672 Q F0(If set,) +184 684 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 564 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 576 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 696 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 708 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 588 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 720 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 600 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 612 Q F0 1.211 -(If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 -G 1.212(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15 -(exe)184 624 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 636 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F -F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 -(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 648 Q -(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 660 Q F0 .486 -(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -672 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 684 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 696 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -708 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 720 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(66)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 84 Q F0 .324 -(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) -2.825 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 108 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 120 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 144 S +-.35 E(enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(lastpipe)144 96 Q F0 1.212(If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 G 1.212 +(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15(exe)184 +108 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E(vironment.) +-.4 E F1(lithist)144 120 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1(cmdhist) +3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 132 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 +(login_shell)144 144 Q F0 .486 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +156 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) +2.736 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 168 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 180 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 192 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 204 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 216 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 228 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 240 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 252 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 276 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 156 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -168 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 180 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 192 Q F0 -.855(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) --3.354 E -.15(ex)184 216 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 228 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 240 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 252 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 264 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 276 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 288 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 288 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +300 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 324 Q F0 +.854(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 348 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 360 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 372 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 384 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 396 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 408 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 420 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 -E(This option is enabled by def)184 300 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 312 +-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 432 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 444 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 324 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 336 Q 4.178 +184 456 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 468 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 348 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +184 480 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 360 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 372 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 384 Q F1(sour) -144 396 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 408 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 420 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 432 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 444 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 468 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 480 R F1<ad66> -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 492 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +F1(shift_v)144 492 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 504 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 516 Q F1(sour) +144 528 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 540 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 552 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 564 Q F0(If set, the)184 576 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 612 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 624 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 <ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 504 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -516 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +F1(test)108 636 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 648 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G -(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 528 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.89(described abo)144 540 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 -(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 552 Q +(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 660 R 3.688 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F +1.889(described abo)144 672 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 +(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 684 Q (gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 570 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 582 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 594 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 606 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 -E F1(\()144 618 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 -(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 -5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 630 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 642 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 654 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 666 S(pr1).2 E -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 678 S -(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 694.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E -F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(67) -188.455 E 0 Cg EP +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 702 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 714 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 726 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E +(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q(xpression is true if and only if the ar) --.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37 -(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 -168 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex) +2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 +(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 96 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\)) +2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G +(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +.26(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 108 Q F2 -.2 +(ex)144 120 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 132 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 144 S(pr1).2 +E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 156 S +(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 172.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 190.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 202.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 214.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 226.8 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 250.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 262.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 +274.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 286.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 298.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 310.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ -ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 E F0(and) -3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 322.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 334.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 346.8 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 +E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 276 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1 -(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 388.8 Q F0 1.229(Pri\ -nt the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processe\ -s run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 400.8 Q F1 -(trap)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.703(The command)144 429.6 R F4(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 -(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F4(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F4 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 441.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +(three ar)180 358.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 +370.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) +3.021 F(ar)180 382.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 +E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 394.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +406.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 418.8 R +.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 430.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +442.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 454.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 466.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 496.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 513.6 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 525.6 +Q F1(trap)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(ar) +A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 +554.4 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203 +(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f) +-5.703 E F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 566.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 453.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 465.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 477.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 489.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 +.658(\(the v)144 578.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 590.4 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 602.4 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 614.4 R F1<ad70>3.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 501.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 513.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 543.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F4(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(DEB)144 555.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 -1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.668 E F0 -(command,)3.668 E F4(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 567.6 Q F4 -(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.647 E F0 .146 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 579.6 R F2 .145 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 591.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 -G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 603.6 Q F4(ar) -3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 626.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 638.4 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 668.4 R F2 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 680.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 692.4 Q F2 +(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 704.4 R F3 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 728.4 Q F2(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 615.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 633.6 R F4(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is) -3.739 E F2(ERR)3.429 E F3(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F4(ar)3.759 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .928(imple command has a non\255zero) --3.429 F -.15(ex)144 645.6 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F -1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 -(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009 -(ailed com-)-.1 F .324 -(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 657.6 R .324 -(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 -(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F .151(in an)144 -669.6 R F4(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F1(||) -2.651 E F0 .151(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151 -(eturn v)-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 -E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 -(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -699.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 711.6 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 723.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2) -72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(68)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q +(2010 December 28)135.965 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0 -(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 -E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G -(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.613 E -F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112 -(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>2.612 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> -2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)2.944 F .444 -(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 --.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .445(If the) -4.945 F F1<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 -(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 -G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426 -(and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426 -(option is not also used.)2.926 F .427 -(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using) -144 216 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)-5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0 -.548(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 -(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +-.35 E(\214nishes e)144 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 +102 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)3.429 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .929 +(the command)3.179 F F1(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929 +(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 114 S 1.009 +(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F +(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008(ailed com-)-.1 F .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 126 R .324 +(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F4 +(until)2.824 E F0 -.1(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test) +-.1 F .151(in an)144 138 R F1(if)2.661 E F0 .151 +(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a) +.15 F F4(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F4(||)2.651 E F0 .151 +(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151(eturn v)-2.651 F +(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 150 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F4(!)2.5 +E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F4 +(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +168 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 180 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 192 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 +208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 220.8 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F4<ad74>144 232.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F4(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 244.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 256.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F4<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 268.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 280.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F4<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F2 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 292.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F4<ad70>2.613 E +F0(and)144 304.8 Q F4<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F +.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F2 +-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F4<ad61>2.944 +E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 316.8 R F4(type)2.765 E F0 .265 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265 +(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 +(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the) +144 328.8 R F4<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F +.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548 +(consulted when using)144 340.8 R F4<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he) +-5.548 E F4<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F4 +(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 352.8 S(iltin.).2 E F4(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F4(ulimit)108 369.6 +Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 381.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 393.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 417.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F4<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +429.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 441.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 453.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 465.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 -376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E -F1<ad63>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E -F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) --.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 412.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 477.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 +<ad61>144 489.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F4<ad62>144 +501.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E +F4<ad63>144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E +F4<ad64>144 525.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) +-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 537.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F4<ad66>144 549.6 Q F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) -26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) -27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0 +26.97 E F4<ad69>144 561.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) +27.52 E F4<ad6c>144 573.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 585.6 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 597.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -<ad71>144 508.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144 -520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 -532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 544.8 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q +24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 +609.6 Q F4<ad70>144 621.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F4 +<ad71>144 633.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F4<ad72>144 +645.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F4<ad73>144 +657.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F4<ad74>144 669.6 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F4<ad75>144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0 .47 +(ilable to a single user).25 E F4<ad76>144 693.6 Q F0 .47 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -580.8 Q F1<ad78>144 592.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E -F1<ad54>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 -621.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343 -(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 +705.6 Q F4<ad78>144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(69)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>144 84 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 100.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 (alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343 -(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi) -144 633.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175 -(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 645.6 -Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) -A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1 -<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E -3.788(ues. The)144 657.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi) +144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175 +(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 124.8 +Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) +A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 +<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E +3.787(ues. The)144 136.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -669.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +148.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 698.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 177.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 710.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -722.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 189.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +201.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 -(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 6)138.465 E(69)188.455 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .547(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 84 R .547 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 213.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547 -(option is supplied, and)3.047 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 96 -Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 108 Q +(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 225.6 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 237.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 136.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 266.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 278.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 165.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 177.6 S 3.106 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E -.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1<ad76>144 189.6 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 201.6 Q F0 .459 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 213.6 R .903 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 295.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 307.2 S 3.107 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E +.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) +5.607 F F1<ad76>144 319.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 331.2 Q F0 .46 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 343.2 R .902 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 -(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.902 E(an)144 225.6 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMP_W)6.915 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) +(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F +(If)5.903 E(an)144 355.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) 6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 -(HISTCMD)6.666 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.666 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 -237.6 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 +(HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 +367.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 (ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G -2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.772(ya)-.15 G .272(re subsequently) --2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 249.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently) +-2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 379.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G (it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E -(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A --.8(Wa)144 278.4 S .288 +(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 396 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 +(Wa)144 408 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F -(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 -(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E -F2(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 -(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 -(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 314.4 R .457 +(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 420 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 +(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) +-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0 +(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 432 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 +(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 +(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 444 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 326.4 S +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 456 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 343.2 Q F0(If)108 355.2 Q -F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 -E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.897 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 367.2 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E -(beha)108 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 472.8 Q F0(If)108 484.8 Q +F1(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 +E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 496.8 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E +(beha)108 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 396 -S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 412.8 S -(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E F4(,)A -F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E -F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 429.6 S +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 +525.6 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 +542.4 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E +F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) +2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 559.2 S (pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 -446.4 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 +576 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8373>108 463.2 S .449 +(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8373>108 592.8 S .45 (pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .449 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.95 E F0 .45(option to the)2.95 F F1 -(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 475.2 Q 32.5 -<8369>108 492 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en)-32.5 -E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 508.8 S(arsing the v)-32.5 E -(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E -(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 525.6 S(edirecting output usi\ +(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F1 +(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 604.8 Q +32.5<8369>108 621.6 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) +-32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 638.4 S(arsing the v) +-32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E +(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 655.2 S(edirecting output usi\ ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5 -<8375>108 542.4 S(sing the)-32.5 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +<8375>108 672 S(sing the)-32.5 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361> -108 559.2 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E +108 688.8 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8375>108 576 S +(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8375>108 705.6 S (sing the)-32.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373> -108 592.8 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E -F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 609.6 -S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1(set +r) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A -(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 626.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 -(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 643.2 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.566(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0 -(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 655.2 Q F0(turns of) -2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 -E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F5(SEE ALSO)72 -672 Q F2(Bash Refer)108 684 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 -E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F2(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 696 Q -(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(70)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E +(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(70)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(The Gnu History Libr)108 84 Q(ary)-.15 E -F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F1 -.8(Po)108 -96 S(rtable Oper).8 E(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E -(art 2: Shell and Utilities)-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F1(sh)108 108 Q -F0(\(1\),)A F1(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F1(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1(emacs) -108 120 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1 -.37(re)108 132 S -(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 148.8 Q F1 -(/bin/bash)109.666 160.8 Q F0(The)144 172.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F1(/etc/pr)109.666 184.8 Q -(o\214le)-.45 E F0(The systemwide 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2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G 1.868(There are some subtle dif)108 616.8 R 1.868 -(ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) -4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869 -(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 628.8 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 645.6 Q -(Shell b)108 662.4 Q -(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E -1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 679.2 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 691.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 703.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ -ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 E(71)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +686.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F3 -.11(BU)72 703.2 S +(GS).11 E F0(It')108 715.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E +-.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(71) +185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(Array v)108 84 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.) --.15 E(There may be only one acti)108 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 6)138.465 -E(72)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +-.35 E 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 84 R 1.869(ferences between) +-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) +4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 +(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 96 Q F0 +(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 112.8 Q +(Shell b)108 129.6 Q +(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E +1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ +re not handled gracefully when)108 146.4 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 158.4 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 +(mand in the sequence.)108 170.4 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 182.4 Q(Array v)108 +199.2 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 216 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) +135.965 E(72)185.955 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 56b64429..9fd7b43d 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ \entry{umask}{43}{\code {umask}} \entry{unset}{43}{\code {unset}} \entry{alias}{43}{\code {alias}} -\entry{bind}{43}{\code {bind}} +\entry{bind}{44}{\code {bind}} \entry{builtin}{45}{\code {builtin}} \entry{caller}{45}{\code {caller}} \entry{command}{45}{\code {command}} -\entry{declare}{45}{\code {declare}} +\entry{declare}{46}{\code {declare}} \entry{echo}{47}{\code {echo}} \entry{enable}{48}{\code {enable}} \entry{help}{48}{\code {help}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index 17214aa2..c1919ff6 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ \entry {\code {alias}}{43} \initial {B} \entry {\code {bg}}{92} -\entry {\code {bind}}{43} +\entry {\code {bind}}{44} \entry {\code {break}}{37} \entry {\code {builtin}}{45} \initial {C} @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ \entry {\code {compopt}}{122} \entry {\code {continue}}{38} \initial {D} -\entry {\code {declare}}{45} +\entry {\code {declare}}{46} \entry {\code {dirs}}{83} \entry {\code {disown}}{93} \initial {E} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi Binary files differindex 7ae42ecb..ea621482 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.dvi +++ b/doc/bashref.dvi diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 1eb1c852..ee634229 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ <HTML> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> -<!-- Created on December, 7 2010 by texi2html 1.64 --> +<!-- Created on December, 28 2010 by texi2html 1.64 --> <!-- Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author) Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> @@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de> <H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P> This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.2, 20 October 2010). +the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010). </P><P> -This is Edition 4.2, last updated 20 October 2010, +This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010, of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>, for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2. </P><P> @@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ Conditional operators such as <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> must be unquoted to be recognize as primaries. </P><P> -When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, The <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort +When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. </P><P> @@ -4316,6 +4316,10 @@ using the rules listed above. </DL> <P> +When used with <CODE>test</CODE> or <SAMP>`['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> +operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. +</P><P> + <DT><CODE>times</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A> <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>times @@ -5766,15 +5770,18 @@ arguments to the conditional command's <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> operator. <DT><CODE>compat32</CODE> <DD>If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> -operators. +string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> +conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); +bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3). <P> <DT><CODE>compat40</CODE> <DD>If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> -operators and the effect of interrupting a command list. +string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> +conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. <P> <DT><CODE>compat41</CODE> @@ -6438,7 +6445,7 @@ being closed. <A NAME="IDX166"></A> <DT><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A> -Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>. <P> @@ -6849,7 +6856,7 @@ The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. <A NAME="IDX246"></A> <DT><CODE>LINES</CODE> <DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A> -Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>. <P> @@ -7791,8 +7798,9 @@ If the <VAR>file</VAR> argument to one of the primaries is one of descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. </P><P> -When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, The <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort +When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The <CODE>test</CODE> command uses ASCII ordering. </P><P> Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic @@ -13287,8 +13295,8 @@ when called as <CODE>rbash</CODE>, enters a restricted mode. See <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-select</CODE> -<DD>Include the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin, which allows the generation of simple -menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>). +<DD>Include the <CODE>select</CODE> compound command, which allows the generation of +simple menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>). <P> <DT><CODE>--enable-separate-helpfiles</CODE> @@ -16372,7 +16380,7 @@ to permit their use in free software. <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> </TR></TABLE> <H1>About this document</H1> -This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 7 2010</I> +This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I> using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html "><I>texi2html</I></A> <P></P> @@ -16534,7 +16542,7 @@ the following structure: <BR> <FONT SIZE="-1"> This document was generated -by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 7 2010</I> +by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I> using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html "><I>texi2html</I></A> diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 6768da06..5db35030 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.2, 20 October 2010). +the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010). - This is Edition 4.2, last updated 20 October 2010, of `The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010, of `The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2. Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.2, 20 October 2010). +the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010). - This is Edition 4.2, last updated 20 October 2010, of `The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010, of `The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre performed. Conditional operators such as `-f' must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. - When used with `[[', The `<' and `>' operators sort + When used with `[[', the `<' and `>' operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right @@ -2799,6 +2799,9 @@ standard. The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. + When used with `test' or `[', the `<' and `>' operators sort + lexicographically using ASCII ordering. + `times' times Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its @@ -3919,13 +3922,16 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior. `compat32' If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the - conditional command's `<' and `>' operators. + `[[' conditional command's `<' and `>' operators. Bash + versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); + bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation + sequence and strcoll(3). `compat40' If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the - conditional command's `<' and `>' operators and the effect of - interrupting a command list. + `[[' conditional command's `<' and `>' operators (see + previous item) and the effect of interrupting a command list. `compat41' If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a @@ -4363,9 +4369,9 @@ Variables::). unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. `COLUMNS' - Used by the `select' builtin command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon - receipt of a `SIGWINCH'. + Used by the `select' command to determine the terminal width when + printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a + `SIGWINCH'. `COMP_CWORD' An index into `${COMP_WORDS}' of the word containing the current @@ -4635,8 +4641,8 @@ Variables::). executing. `LINES' - Used by the `select' builtin command to determine the column length - for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a + Used by the `select' command to determine the column length for + printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a `SIGWINCH'. `MACHTYPE' @@ -5239,8 +5245,9 @@ checked. If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of `/dev/stdin', `/dev/stdout', or `/dev/stderr', file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. - When used with `[[', The `<' and `>' operators sort -lexicographically using the current locale. + When used with `[[', the `<' and `>' operators sort +lexicographically using the current locale. The `test' command uses +ASCII ordering. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the @@ -8928,8 +8935,8 @@ does not provide the necessary support. The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode. `--enable-select' - Include the `select' builtin, which allows the generation of simple - menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). + Include the `select' compound command, which allows the generation + of simple menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). `--enable-separate-helpfiles' Use external files for the documentation displayed by the `help' @@ -9954,17 +9961,17 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 217) * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 287) + (line 290) * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 292) + (line 295) * type: Bash Builtins. (line 539) * typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 570) * ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 576) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 338) + (line 341) * unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 665) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. - (line 355) + (line 358) * wait: Job Control Builtins. (line 73) @@ -10467,133 +10474,133 @@ D.5 Concept Index Tag Table: -Node: Top1344 -Node: Introduction3181 -Node: What is Bash?3409 -Node: What is a shell?4522 -Node: Definitions7062 -Node: Basic Shell Features9980 -Node: Shell Syntax11199 -Node: Shell Operation12229 -Node: Quoting13523 -Node: Escape Character14826 -Node: Single Quotes15311 -Node: Double Quotes15659 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16784 -Node: Locale Translation18028 -Node: Comments18924 -Node: Shell Commands19542 -Node: Simple Commands20414 -Node: Pipelines21045 -Node: Lists23739 -Node: Compound Commands25468 -Node: Looping Constructs26272 -Node: Conditional Constructs28731 -Node: Command Grouping36844 -Node: Coprocesses38323 -Node: GNU Parallel39988 -Node: Shell Functions42456 -Node: Shell Parameters47400 -Node: Positional Parameters49816 -Node: Special Parameters50716 -Node: Shell Expansions53680 -Node: Brace Expansion55605 -Node: Tilde Expansion58360 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion60711 -Node: Command Substitution69846 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion71179 -Node: Process Substitution72029 -Node: Word Splitting73079 -Node: Filename Expansion74702 -Node: Pattern Matching76841 -Node: Quote Removal80480 -Node: Redirections80775 -Node: Executing Commands89300 -Node: Simple Command Expansion89970 -Node: Command Search and Execution91900 -Node: Command Execution Environment94237 -Node: Environment97223 -Node: Exit Status98883 -Node: Signals100504 -Node: Shell Scripts102472 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands104990 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins107018 -Node: Bash Builtins124836 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior151050 -Node: The Set Builtin151395 -Node: The Shopt Builtin160929 -Node: Special Builtins172894 -Node: Shell Variables173873 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables174313 -Node: Bash Variables176340 -Node: Bash Features201265 -Node: Invoking Bash202148 -Node: Bash Startup Files207912 -Node: Interactive Shells212933 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?213343 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?213992 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior214807 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions218087 -Node: Shell Arithmetic221835 -Node: Aliases224594 -Node: Arrays227166 -Node: The Directory Stack231281 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins231995 -Node: Printing a Prompt234887 -Node: The Restricted Shell237639 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode239471 -Node: Job Control248132 -Node: Job Control Basics248592 -Node: Job Control Builtins253309 -Node: Job Control Variables257673 -Node: Command Line Editing258831 -Node: Introduction and Notation260398 -Node: Readline Interaction262020 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials263211 -Node: Readline Movement Commands265000 -Node: Readline Killing Commands265965 -Node: Readline Arguments267885 -Node: Searching268929 -Node: Readline Init File271115 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax272262 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs287604 -Node: Sample Init File290137 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands293254 -Node: Commands For Moving294461 -Node: Commands For History295605 -Node: Commands For Text299040 -Node: Commands For Killing301713 -Node: Numeric Arguments304170 -Node: Commands For Completion305309 -Node: Keyboard Macros309501 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands310072 -Node: Readline vi Mode315878 -Node: Programmable Completion316785 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins323995 -Node: Using History Interactively333131 -Node: Bash History Facilities333815 -Node: Bash History Builtins336729 -Node: History Interaction340586 -Node: Event Designators343291 -Node: Word Designators344513 -Node: Modifiers346152 -Node: Installing Bash347556 -Node: Basic Installation348693 -Node: Compilers and Options351385 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures352126 -Node: Installation Names353790 -Node: Specifying the System Type354608 -Node: Sharing Defaults355324 -Node: Operation Controls355997 -Node: Optional Features356955 -Node: Reporting Bugs366514 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell367715 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License384402 -Node: Indexes409598 -Node: Builtin Index410052 -Node: Reserved Word Index416879 -Node: Variable Index419327 -Node: Function Index432422 -Node: Concept Index439431 +Node: Top1346 +Node: Introduction3185 +Node: What is Bash?3413 +Node: What is a shell?4526 +Node: Definitions7066 +Node: Basic Shell Features9984 +Node: Shell Syntax11203 +Node: Shell Operation12233 +Node: Quoting13527 +Node: Escape Character14830 +Node: Single Quotes15315 +Node: Double Quotes15663 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788 +Node: Locale Translation18032 +Node: Comments18928 +Node: Shell Commands19546 +Node: Simple Commands20418 +Node: Pipelines21049 +Node: Lists23743 +Node: Compound Commands25472 +Node: Looping Constructs26276 +Node: Conditional Constructs28735 +Node: Command Grouping36848 +Node: Coprocesses38327 +Node: GNU Parallel39992 +Node: Shell Functions42460 +Node: Shell Parameters47404 +Node: Positional Parameters49820 +Node: Special Parameters50720 +Node: Shell Expansions53684 +Node: Brace Expansion55609 +Node: Tilde Expansion58364 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion60715 +Node: Command Substitution69850 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion71183 +Node: Process Substitution72033 +Node: Word Splitting73083 +Node: Filename Expansion74706 +Node: Pattern Matching76845 +Node: Quote Removal80484 +Node: Redirections80779 +Node: Executing Commands89304 +Node: Simple Command Expansion89974 +Node: Command Search and Execution91904 +Node: Command Execution Environment94241 +Node: Environment97227 +Node: Exit Status98887 +Node: Signals100508 +Node: Shell Scripts102476 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands104994 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins107022 +Node: Bash Builtins124952 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior151166 +Node: The Set Builtin151511 +Node: The Shopt Builtin161045 +Node: Special Builtins173217 +Node: Shell Variables174196 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables174636 +Node: Bash Variables176663 +Node: Bash Features201572 +Node: Invoking Bash202455 +Node: Bash Startup Files208219 +Node: Interactive Shells213240 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?213650 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?214299 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior215114 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions218394 +Node: Shell Arithmetic222183 +Node: Aliases224942 +Node: Arrays227514 +Node: The Directory Stack231629 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins232343 +Node: Printing a Prompt235235 +Node: The Restricted Shell237987 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode239819 +Node: Job Control248480 +Node: Job Control Basics248940 +Node: Job Control Builtins253657 +Node: Job Control Variables258021 +Node: Command Line Editing259179 +Node: Introduction and Notation260746 +Node: Readline Interaction262368 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials263559 +Node: Readline Movement Commands265348 +Node: Readline Killing Commands266313 +Node: Readline Arguments268233 +Node: Searching269277 +Node: Readline Init File271463 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax272610 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs287952 +Node: Sample Init File290485 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands293602 +Node: Commands For Moving294809 +Node: Commands For History295953 +Node: Commands For Text299388 +Node: Commands For Killing302061 +Node: Numeric Arguments304518 +Node: Commands For Completion305657 +Node: Keyboard Macros309849 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands310420 +Node: Readline vi Mode316226 +Node: Programmable Completion317133 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins324343 +Node: Using History Interactively333479 +Node: Bash History Facilities334163 +Node: Bash History Builtins337077 +Node: History Interaction340934 +Node: Event Designators343639 +Node: Word Designators344861 +Node: Modifiers346500 +Node: Installing Bash347904 +Node: Basic Installation349041 +Node: Compilers and Options351733 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures352474 +Node: Installation Names354138 +Node: Specifying the System Type354956 +Node: Sharing Defaults355672 +Node: Operation Controls356345 +Node: Optional Features357303 +Node: Reporting Bugs366871 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell368072 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License384759 +Node: Indexes409955 +Node: Builtin Index410409 +Node: Reserved Word Index417236 +Node: Variable Index419684 +Node: Function Index432779 +Node: Concept Index439788 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log index 3b9caaa0..07de5050 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.log +++ b/doc/bashref.log @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2008.12.11) 7 DEC 2010 16:12 +This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2008.12.11) 28 DEC 2010 14:30 **/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]: @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ arallel -k traceroute[] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] Chapter 4 [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] -Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3411--3424 +Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3414--3427 @texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and .etc. [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] -Overfull \hbox (172.34125pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3869--3869 +Overfull \hbox (172.34125pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3872--3872 []@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt ] [-i @textttsl text@texttt ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-N @textttsl ncha rs@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time- @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ rs@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time- [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] Chapter 5 [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] Chapter 6 [72] -Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5487--5487 +Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5493--5493 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- .etc. -Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5488--5488 +Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5494--5494 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar - @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5488--5488 .etc. -Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5489--5489 +Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5495--5495 []@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- .etc. [73] [74] -Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 5662--5664 +Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 5668--5670 []@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from the file @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ the file .etc. [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] -Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 6831--6834 +Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 6838--6841 @textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8 @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1929--1932 [121] [122]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128]) Chapter 10 [129] [130] [131] [132] [133] -Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7432--7436 +Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7439--7443 []@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard s/large_ @@ -402,10 +402,10 @@ s/large_ Here is how 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Fs(nullglob)96 b Ft(If)23 b(set,)j(Bash)e(allo)m(ws)g +Fs([[)g Ft(conditional)h(com-)1110 4701 y(mands.)630 +4856 y Fs(nullglob)96 b Ft(If)23 b(set,)j(Bash)e(allo)m(ws)g (\014lename)g(patterns)g(whic)m(h)f(matc)m(h)h(no)g(\014les)f(to)i -(expand)1110 4941 y(to)31 b(a)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)h(rather)f(than)g +(expand)1110 4966 y(to)31 b(a)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)h(rather)f(than)g (themselv)m(es.)630 5121 y Fs(progcomp)96 b Ft(If)25 b(set,)i(the)f(programmable)g(completion)g(facilities)i(\(see)f (Section)f(8.6)h([Pro-)1110 5230 y(grammable)45 b(Completion],)k(page)c @@ -9466,10 +9476,10 @@ b Ft(or)k(assigning)g(it)g(the)g(empt)m(y)h(string)e(causes)i(the)f Ft(to)630 628 y(2)39 b(\(the)h(standard)e(error)g(\014le)h (descriptor\))h(and)e(then)h(unsetting)g(it)g(will)g(result)g(in)g(the) 630 737 y(standard)30 b(error)g(b)s(eing)f(closed.)150 -915 y Fs(COLUMNS)144 b Ft(Used)36 b(b)m(y)h(the)f Fs(select)f -Ft(builtin)h(command)h(to)g(determine)f(the)h(terminal)g(width)f(when) -630 1025 y(prin)m(ting)30 b(selection)i(lists.)42 b(Automatically)33 -b(set)e(up)s(on)d(receipt)k(of)e(a)h Fs(SIGWINCH)p Ft(.)150 +915 y Fs(COLUMNS)144 b Ft(Used)32 b(b)m(y)f(the)h Fs(select)e +Ft(command)h(to)i(determine)f(the)f(terminal)i(width)d(when)h(prin)m +(ting)630 1025 y(selection)h(lists.)41 b(Automatically)33 +b(set)e(up)s(on)e(receipt)i(of)g(a)g Fs(SIGWINCH)p Ft(.)150 1203 y Fs(COMP_CWORD)630 1313 y Ft(An)38 b(index)g(in)m(to)h Fs(${COMP_WORDS})c Ft(of)k(the)g(w)m(ord)f(con)m(taining)i(the)e (curren)m(t)g(cursor)g(p)s(o-)630 1422 y(sition.)72 b(This)40 @@ -9792,14 +9802,13 @@ b(ranslation],)32 b(page)f(7\).)150 1059 y Fs(LC_NUMERIC)630 (category)g(used)e(for)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(formatting.)150 1329 y Fs(LINENO)192 b Ft(The)30 b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(in)h(the)g (script)h(or)f(shell)g(function)h(curren)m(tly)f(executing.)150 -1490 y Fs(LINES)240 b Ft(Used)25 b(b)m(y)g(the)g Fs(select)e -Ft(builtin)i(command)g(to)h(determine)f(the)g(column)g(length)g(for)g -(prin)m(t-)630 1599 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-10415,10 +10424,11 @@ b(to)h(one)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)e(is)h(one)g(of)g(`)p Fs(/dev/stdin)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(/dev/stdout)p Ft(',)150 4395 y(or)30 b(`)p Fs(/dev/stderr)p Ft(',)e(\014le)j(descriptor)f(0,)h (1,)g(or)g(2,)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)32 b(is)e(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed.) -275 4526 y(When)h(used)g(with)g(`)p Fs([[)p Ft(',)h(The)f(`)p -Fs(<)p Ft(')h(and)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(')g(op)s(erators)h(sort)g -(lexicographically)i(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)150 4636 -y(lo)s(cale.)275 4768 y(Unless)44 b(otherwise)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j +275 4526 y(When)j(used)g(with)h(`)p Fs([[)p Ft(',)h(the)f(`)p +Fs(<)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(')h(op)s(erators)g(sort)g +(lexicographically)j(using)c(the)h(curren)m(t)150 4636 +y(lo)s(cale.)42 b(The)30 b Fs(test)f Ft(command)i(uses)f(ASCI)s(I)e +(ordering.)275 4768 y(Unless)44 b(otherwise)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j (primaries)c(that)h(op)s(erate)g(on)g(\014les)f(follo)m(w)i(sym)m(b)s (olic)f(links)g(and)150 4878 y(op)s(erate)31 b(on)f(the)h(target)h(of)e (the)h(link,)f(rather)h(than)f(the)g(link)h(itself.)150 @@ -14164,11 +14174,11 @@ Ft(.)75 b(If)42 b(this)f(is)h(enabled,)j(Bash,)g(when)c(called)630 518 y(as)f Fs(rbash)p Ft(,)h(en)m(ters)f(a)g(restricted)h(mo)s(de.)68 b(See)40 b(Section)h(6.10)g([The)f(Restricted)h(Shell],)630 628 y(page)31 b(86,)h(for)e(a)g(description)h(of)f(restricted)h(mo)s -(de.)150 787 y Fs(--enable-select)630 897 y Ft(Include)k(the)g -Fs(select)f Ft(builtin,)i(whic)m(h)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)f(generation)g(of) -g(simple)f(men)m(us)g(\(see)630 1006 y(Section)c(3.2.4.2)i -([Conditional)e(Constructs],)g(page)g(10\).)150 1166 -y Fs(--enable-separate-helpfi)o(les)630 1275 y Ft(Use)h(external)h +(de.)150 787 y Fs(--enable-select)630 897 y Ft(Include)25 +b(the)h Fs(select)f Ft(comp)s(ound)f(command,)j(whic)m(h)e(allo)m(ws)j +(the)e(generation)h(of)f(simple)630 1006 y(men)m(us)k(\(see)h(Section)g +(3.2.4.2)i([Conditional)e(Constructs],)g(page)g(10\).)150 +1166 y Fs(--enable-separate-helpfi)o(les)630 1275 y Ft(Use)h(external)h (\014les)f(for)g(the)g(do)s(cumen)m(tation)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(b)m(y)g (the)g Fs(help)f Ft(builtin)h(instead)630 1385 y(of)f(storing)f(the)h (text)g(in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 1544 y Fs(--enable-single-help-str)o @@ -15378,7 +15388,7 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g g(:)37 b Fb(92)150 2493 y Fe(bind)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -49 b Fb(43)150 2580 y Fe(break)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f +49 b Fb(44)150 2580 y Fe(break)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)46 b Fb(37)150 2668 y Fe(builtin)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g @@ -15408,7 +15418,7 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 b Fb(38)150 3778 y Fr(D)150 3894 y Fe(declare)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 b -Fb(45)150 3982 y Fe(dirs)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g +Fb(46)150 3982 y Fe(dirs)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(83)150 4069 y Fe(disown)17 b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index 9063e59e..59fddceb 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ substitution, and quote removal are performed. Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. -When used with @samp{[[}, The @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort +When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the @@ -3132,7 +3132,7 @@ is supplied. @item readonly @btindex readonly @example -readonly [-aApf] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{} +readonly [-aAf] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{} @end example Mark each @var{name} as readonly. The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment. @@ -3141,8 +3141,11 @@ function. The @option{-a} option means each @var{name} refers to an indexed array variable; the @option{-A} option means each @var{name} refers to an associative array variable. +If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence. If no @var{name} arguments are given, or if the @option{-p} option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. +The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of +the set of readonly names. The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of @@ -3264,6 +3267,9 @@ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. @end table +When used with @code{test} or @samp{[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} +operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. + @item times @btindex times @example @@ -3561,7 +3567,7 @@ the function is defined are displayed as well. @option{-F} implies @option{-f}. The @option{-g} option forces variables to be created or modified at -the global scope, even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell function. +the global scope, even when @code{declare} is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with @@ -4510,14 +4516,17 @@ arguments to the conditional command's @samp{=~} operator. @item compat32 If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} -operators. +string comparison when using the @samp{[[} +conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); +bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3). @item compat40 If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} -operators and the effect of interrupting a command list. +string comparison when using the @samp{[[} +conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. @item compat41 If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted @@ -4602,7 +4611,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. @item globstar If set, the pattern @samp{**} used in a filename expansion context will -match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. +match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a @samp{/}, only directories and subdirectories match. @@ -4982,7 +4991,7 @@ descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. @item COLUMNS -Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the @code{select} command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}. @@ -5271,7 +5280,7 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. @item LINES -Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the @code{select} command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}. @@ -5926,8 +5935,9 @@ If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of @file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. -When used with @samp{[[}, The @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort +When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The @code{test} command uses ASCII ordering. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. @@ -6321,6 +6331,7 @@ entire array. The @code{declare}, @code{local}, and @code{readonly} builtins each accept a @option{-a} option to specify an indexed array and a @option{-A} option to specify an associative array. +If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence. The @code{read} builtin accepts a @option{-a} option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array, and can read values from the standard input into @@ -7575,8 +7586,8 @@ when called as @code{rbash}, enters a restricted mode. See @ref{The Restricted Shell}, for a description of restricted mode. @item --enable-select -Include the @code{select} builtin, which allows the generation of simple -menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). +Include the @code{select} compound command, which allows the generation of +simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). @item --enable-separate-helpfiles Use external files for the documentation displayed by the @code{help} builtin diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi~ b/doc/bashref.texi~ index c3d21820..9642f9ff 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi~ +++ b/doc/bashref.texi~ @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ substitution, and quote removal are performed. Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries. -When used with @samp{[[}, The @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort +When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the @@ -3132,7 +3132,7 @@ is supplied. @item readonly @btindex readonly @example -readonly [-aApf] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{} +readonly [-aAf] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{} @end example Mark each @var{name} as readonly. The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment. @@ -3141,8 +3141,11 @@ function. The @option{-a} option means each @var{name} refers to an indexed array variable; the @option{-A} option means each @var{name} refers to an associative array variable. +If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence. If no @var{name} arguments are given, or if the @option{-p} option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. +The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of +the set of readonly names. The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of @@ -3239,6 +3242,7 @@ If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is false. @item 3 arguments +The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators (@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the @@ -3263,6 +3267,9 @@ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. @end table +When used with @code{test} or @samp{[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} +operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering. + @item times @btindex times @example @@ -4509,14 +4516,17 @@ arguments to the conditional command's @samp{=~} operator. @item compat32 If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} -operators. +string comparison when using the @samp{[[} +conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators. +Bash versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); +bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3). @item compat40 If set, Bash changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific -string comparison when using the conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} -operators and the effect of interrupting a command list. +string comparison when using the @samp{[[} +conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators (see previous item) +and the effect of interrupting a command list. @item compat41 If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted @@ -4601,7 +4611,7 @@ This option is enabled by default. @item globstar If set, the pattern @samp{**} used in a filename expansion context will -match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. +match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a @samp{/}, only directories and subdirectories match. @@ -4981,7 +4991,7 @@ descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. @item COLUMNS -Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the terminal width +Used by the @code{select} command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}. @@ -5270,7 +5280,7 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. @item LINES -Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the column length +Used by the @code{select} command to determine the column length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}. @@ -5925,8 +5935,9 @@ If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of @file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. -When used with @samp{[[}, The @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort +When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. +The @code{test} command uses ASCII ordering. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. @@ -6320,6 +6331,7 @@ entire array. The @code{declare}, @code{local}, and @code{readonly} builtins each accept a @option{-a} option to specify an indexed array and a @option{-A} option to specify an associative array. +If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence. The @code{read} builtin accepts a @option{-a} option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array, and can read values from the standard input into @@ -7574,8 +7586,8 @@ when called as @code{rbash}, enters a restricted mode. See @ref{The Restricted Shell}, for a description of restricted mode. @item --enable-select -Include the @code{select} builtin, which allows the generation of simple -menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). +Include the @code{select} compound command, which allows the generation of +simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}). @item --enable-separate-helpfiles Use external files for the documentation displayed by the @code{help} builtin diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0 index 99ffe98b..5361dd79 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.0 +++ b/doc/builtins.0 @@ -1227,17 +1227,21 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com- - mand's ==~~ operator. + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + command's ==~~ operator. ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's << and >> operators. + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators. + Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and + _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's + collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the conditional command's << and >> operators and - the effect of interrupting a command list. + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. ccoommppaatt4411 @item compat41 If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as @@ -1458,31 +1462,34 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + graphically using ASCII ordering. + + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- @@ -1490,53 +1497,53 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim- ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following - conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command - is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or - uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a - command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return - value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions + conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command + is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or + uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a + command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return + value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is - hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the + hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee - prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. - This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp - option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not - consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- - tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if + prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. + This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp + option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not + consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- + tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -1545,11 +1552,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -1558,58 +1565,58 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --TT The maximum number of threads If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the --aa option is display only). If no option is given, then --ff - is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, - which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, - and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return + is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, + which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, + and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If no options are supplied, or the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e - refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- - able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- - sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, - LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they - lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently + refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- + able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- + sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, + LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they + lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly. wwaaiitt [_n _._._.] - Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- - tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- - cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- + tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a + job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. 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This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 336 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 348 Q F0 1.211 (If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15 G 1.212(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not)-3.712 F -.15 -(exe)184 336 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F +(exe)184 360 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 372 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 360 Q +(with embedded ne)184 384 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 372 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 396 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -384 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 396 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 408 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -420 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +408 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 420 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 432 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +444 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 432 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +-.1(wa)184 456 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 444 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 456 R F1 -.18 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 468 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18 (re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) -.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 468 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 480 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 492 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 492 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 504 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 516 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 504 S +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 528 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 516 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -528 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 540 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +552 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 552 Q F0 -.855(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 +F(while e)184 564 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 576 Q F0 +.855(If set,)184 588 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 (ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 (thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) --3.354 E -.15(ex)184 576 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 588 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 600 R .677(acilities \(see) +-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 600 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 612 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 624 R .677(acilities \(see) -.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 612 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 624 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 636 R 1.448 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 636 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 648 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 660 R 1.448 (go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 648 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 672 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) -.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 -E(This option is enabled by def)184 660 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 672 +E(This option is enabled by def)184 684 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 696 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 684 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 696 Q 4.178 +184 708 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 720 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F -1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 708 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E +1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift_v)144 84 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 -96 R F1(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.15(exe)184 +84 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift_v)144 96 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 +108 R F1(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 108 Q F1(sour) -144 120 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 132 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 120 Q F1(sour) +144 132 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 144 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) -.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F .771(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 144 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 156 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 168 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 156 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 168 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 180 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 180 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 192 R -.15 +108 192 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 204 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 204 R F1<ad66> +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 216 R F1<ad66> 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 216 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 228 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 <ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 228 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -240 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +F1(test)108 240 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 +252 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G (pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 252 R 3.688 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 264 R 3.688 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.89(described abo)144 264 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +1.89(described abo)144 276 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 -(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 276 Q +(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 288 Q (gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 294 R .786 +E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 306 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 306 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(dence. The)144 318 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 318 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 330 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 +(used when there are \214v)144 330 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 342 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 (Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 -E F1(\()144 342 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 +E F1(\()144 354 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 (Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 354 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 366 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 378 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 390 S(pr1).2 E -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 402 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 366 Q F3 -.2(ex) +144 378 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 390 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 402 S(pr1).2 E +F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 414 S (ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 418.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 430.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 448.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 460.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 472.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 448.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 460.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 472.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 484.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 484.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 496.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 496.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 508.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 508.8 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 520.8 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 520.8 Q .553 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 532.8 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 532.8 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 544.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 544.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 556.8 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 556.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 568.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 568.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 580.8 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 580.8 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 592.8 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 592.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 604.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 604.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +(three ar)180 616.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -616.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +628.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 628.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +F(ar)180 640.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 640.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -652.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 664.8 R +(wise, the e)180 652.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +664.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 676.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 (he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) .05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 676.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +(posed of the remaining ar)180 688.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -688.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 700.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 712.8 R 1.635 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 +700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(times)108 84 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and\ - system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)13.23 -F(The return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(trap)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 124.8 R F2(ar) -3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(5o)144 +84 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 96 R +1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 108 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 126 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(test)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0 +(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 142.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 154.8 +Q F1(trap)108 171.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.703(The command)144 183.6 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 +(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G (ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 (ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 136.8 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +144 195.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 148.8 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +.659(\(the v)144 207.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) -.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 160.8 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +144.34 219.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) 3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 172.8 R +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 231.6 R F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 184.8 R F1<ad70>3.36 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 243.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 196.8 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 255.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 208.8 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(bers. Each)144 267.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 (is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 (>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +(names are case insensiti)144 279.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 -(If a)144 238.8 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 +(If a)144 297.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) 4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) -.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 -250.8 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F +309.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 (cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) 3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 262.8 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 321.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) 2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 274.8 R F3 .145 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 333.6 R F3 .145 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 286.8 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 345.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E (UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 298.8 Q F2(ar) +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 357.6 Q F2(ar) 3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 310.8 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 328.8 R F2(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 369.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 387.6 R F2(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is) 3.739 E F3(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E (g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .928(imple command has a non\255zero) --3.429 F -.15(ex)144 340.8 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F +-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 399.6 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 (trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009 (ailed com-)-.1 F .324 -(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 352.8 R .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 411.6 R .324 (wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 (ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F .151(in an)144 -364.8 R F2(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F +423.6 R F2(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F1(||) 2.651 E F0 .151(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151 -(eturn v)-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(eturn v)-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 435.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G (rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -394.8 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 406.8 R .662 +453.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 465.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 418.8 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 477.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) -.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 447.6 S .174 +494.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 506.4 S .174 (th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) 3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1<ad74>144 459.6 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +F1<ad74>144 518.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 (,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 471.6 Q F0 .087 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 530.4 Q F0 .087 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 483.6 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 542.4 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 495.6 R .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 554.4 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -507.6 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +566.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 (uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 <ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 519.6 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 578.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 (.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70> -2.612 E F0(and)144 531.6 Q F1<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v) +2.612 E F0(and)144 590.4 Q F1<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v) 2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) -.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1 -<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 543.6 R F1(type)2.765 +<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 602.4 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 (his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the) -144 555.6 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F +144 614.4 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F .427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549 -(consulted when using)144 567.6 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he) +(consulted when using)144 626.4 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he) -5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0 .548 (option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 -(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 579.6 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 638.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 596.4 +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 608.4 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 667.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 620.4 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +.944(that allo)144 679.2 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F (The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 632.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 644.4 R .426 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 703.2 R .426 (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -656.4 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +715.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 668.4 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +.742(of the special v)144 727.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 680.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 -(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 692.4 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 704.4 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -<ad61>144 716.4 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 -(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad62>144 84 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E -(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 108 Q F0 -(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E -(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 120 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 132 Q F0 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When) +.15 F .498(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 108 Q 2.5(alue. Other) +-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 120 +Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144 132 Q F0 +(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F2<ad63> +144 144 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F2<ad64> +144 156 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G +(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 168 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 180 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97 -E F1<ad69>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1 -<ad6c>144 156 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 168 Q F0 +E F2<ad69>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F2 +<ad6c>144 204 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 216 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 180 Q F0 .791(The \ +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 228 Q F0 .791(The \ maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) 24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 192 Q F1<ad70>144 204 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -<ad71>144 216 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -24.74 E F1<ad72>144 228 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) -25.86 E F1<ad73>144 240 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 -252 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 -264 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 276 Q F0 .47 +(be set\))180 240 Q F2<ad70>144 252 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2 +<ad71>144 264 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +24.74 E F2<ad72>144 276 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) +25.86 E F2<ad73>144 288 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 +300 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 +312 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 324 Q F0 .47 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 288 -Q F1<ad78>144 300 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1 -<ad54>144 312 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 328.8 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 336 +Q F2<ad78>144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F2 +<ad54>144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 376.8 Q +F1(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343 +(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343 (option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi) -144 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175 +144 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175 (is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 352.8 -Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) -A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2 +<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 400.8 +Q F2<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F2<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) +A F2<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F2 <ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E -3.788(ues. The)144 364.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +3.788(ues. The)144 412.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -376.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 405.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +424.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F2(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 417.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -429.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 465.6 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +477.6 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F2<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 441.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 453.6 Q F0 .551 +(he)-3.047 E F2<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1 +(mode)144.38 501.6 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 465.6 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 482.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 494.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 513.6 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 +(unalias)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 542.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 506.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 523.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 535.2 S 3.106 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E +F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 571.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 583.2 S 3.106 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F1(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E .906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 (ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1<ad76>144 547.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +5.607 F F2<ad76>144 595.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.305(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F 2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 559.2 Q F0 .459 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F2<ad66>144 607.2 Q F0 .459 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F1(name)3.319 E F0 .459 (refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 571.2 R .903 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 619.2 R .903 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 (rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.902 E(an)144 583.2 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +(If)5.902 E(an)144 631.2 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)6.915 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM) 6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3 (HISTCMD)6.666 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.666 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144 -595.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 +643.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272 (ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G 2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.772(ya)-.15 G .272(re subsequently) --2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 607.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E -(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 636 S .288 +-2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 655.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +(it status is true unless a).15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E +(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 +(Wa)144 684 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F -(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 +(Each)5.288 E F1(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 (n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) --3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0 -(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 660 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 +-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F1(n)3.582 E F0 +(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 (n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 (hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 672 R .457 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F1(n)4.126 E F0 .457 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 720 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 684 S -(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 700.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 +(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.15(ex)144 +84 S(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 +E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 100.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 +112.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index d9d8eb29..be68b201 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Tue Dec 7 16:12:42 2010 +%%CreationDate: Tue Dec 28 14:30:24 2010 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index cc4b015c..ca99dfcf 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Wed Oct 20 21:37:22 EDT 2010 +@set LASTCHANGE Tue Dec 28 13:41:22 EST 2010 @set EDITION 4.2 @set VERSION 4.2 -@set UPDATED 20 October 2010 -@set UPDATED-MONTH October 2010 +@set UPDATED 28 December 2010 +@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2010 diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c index 9a4aaffe..6ecfb7be 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c +++ b/execute_cmd.c @@ -610,19 +610,17 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0; ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0; - last_command_exit_value = wait_for (paren_pid); + exec_result = wait_for (paren_pid); /* If we have to, invert the return value. */ if (invert) - exec_result = ((last_command_exit_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) + exec_result = ((exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS); - else - exec_result = last_command_exit_value; + last_command_exit_value = exec_result; if (user_subshell && was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { - last_command_exit_value = exec_result; save_line_number = line_number; line_number = line_number_for_err_trap; run_error_trap (); @@ -631,12 +629,11 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, if (user_subshell && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { - last_command_exit_value = exec_result; run_pending_traps (); jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT); } - return (last_command_exit_value = exec_result); + return (last_command_exit_value); } else { @@ -3738,6 +3735,10 @@ execute_simple_command (simple_command, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close) } else { + /* Don't let simple commands that aren't the last command in a + pipeline change $? for the rest of the pipeline (or at all). */ + if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) + result = last_command_exit_value; close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) unlink_fifo_list (); @@ -4720,6 +4721,9 @@ execute_disk_command (words, redirects, command_line, pipe_in, pipe_out, hookf = find_function (NOTFOUND_HOOK); if (hookf == 0) { + /* Make sure filenames are displayed using printable characters */ + if (ansic_shouldquote (pathname)) + pathname = ansic_quote (pathname, 0, NULL); internal_error (_("%s: command not found"), pathname); exit (EX_NOTFOUND); /* Posix.2 says the exit status is 127 */ } @@ -5144,6 +5148,10 @@ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out) dup_error (pipe_in, 0); if (pipe_in > 0) close (pipe_in); +#ifdef __CYGWIN__ + /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode. */ + freopen (NULL, "r", stdin); +#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ } if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) { @@ -5159,5 +5167,11 @@ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out) if (dup2 (1, 2) < 0) dup_error (1, 2); } +#ifdef __CYGWIN__ + /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode, and + make sure to preserve stdout line buffering. */ + freopen (NULL, "w", stdout); + sh_setlinebuf (stdout); +#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ } } diff --git a/execute_cmd.c~ b/execute_cmd.c~ index 1795c547..6ecfb7be 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c~ +++ b/execute_cmd.c~ @@ -610,19 +610,17 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0; ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0; - last_command_exit_value = wait_for (paren_pid); + exec_result = wait_for (paren_pid); /* If we have to, invert the return value. */ if (invert) - exec_result = ((last_command_exit_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) + exec_result = ((exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS); - else - exec_result = last_command_exit_value; + last_command_exit_value = exec_result; if (user_subshell && was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { - last_command_exit_value = exec_result; save_line_number = line_number; line_number = line_number_for_err_trap; run_error_trap (); @@ -631,12 +629,11 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, if (user_subshell && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { - last_command_exit_value = exec_result; run_pending_traps (); jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT); } - return (last_command_exit_value = exec_result); + return (last_command_exit_value); } else { @@ -684,6 +681,7 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, if (redirection_undo_list) { + /* XXX - why copy here? */ my_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)copy_redirects (redirection_undo_list); dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list); redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; @@ -693,6 +691,7 @@ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, if (exec_redirection_undo_list) { + /* XXX - why copy here? */ exec_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)copy_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list); dispose_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list); exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; @@ -3736,6 +3735,10 @@ execute_simple_command (simple_command, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close) } else { + /* Don't let simple commands that aren't the last command in a + pipeline change $? for the rest of the pipeline (or at all). */ + if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) + result = last_command_exit_value; close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) unlink_fifo_list (); @@ -4718,6 +4721,9 @@ execute_disk_command (words, redirects, command_line, pipe_in, pipe_out, hookf = find_function (NOTFOUND_HOOK); if (hookf == 0) { + /* Make sure filenames are displayed using printable characters */ + if (ansic_shouldquote (pathname)) + pathname = ansic_quote (pathname, 0, NULL); internal_error (_("%s: command not found"), pathname); exit (EX_NOTFOUND); /* Posix.2 says the exit status is 127 */ } @@ -5142,6 +5148,10 @@ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out) dup_error (pipe_in, 0); if (pipe_in > 0) close (pipe_in); +#ifdef __CYGWIN__ + /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode. */ + freopen (NULL, "r", stdin); +#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ } if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) { @@ -5157,5 +5167,11 @@ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out) if (dup2 (1, 2) < 0) dup_error (1, 2); } +#ifdef __CYGWIN__ + /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode, and + make sure to preserve stdout line buffering. */ + freopen (NULL, "w", stdout); + sh_setlinebuf (stdout); +#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ } } diff --git a/include/filecntl.h b/include/filecntl.h index 31667a11..9bcbab8d 100644 --- a/include/filecntl.h +++ b/include/filecntl.h @@ -42,4 +42,12 @@ # endif #endif +/* Make sure O_BINARY and O_TEXT are defined to avoid Windows-specific code. */ +#if !defined (O_BINARY) +# define O_BINARY 0 +#endif +#if !defined (O_TEXT) +# define O_TEXT 0 +#endif + #endif /* ! _FILECNTL_H_ */ diff --git a/include/filecntl.h~ b/include/filecntl.h~ new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31667a11 --- /dev/null +++ b/include/filecntl.h~ @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +/* filecntl.h - Definitions to set file descriptors to close-on-exec. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +*/ + +#if !defined (_FILECNTL_H_) +#define _FILECNTL_H_ + +#include <fcntl.h> + +/* Definitions to set file descriptors to close-on-exec, the Posix way. */ +#if !defined (FD_CLOEXEC) +#define FD_CLOEXEC 1 +#endif + +#define FD_NCLOEXEC 0 + +#define SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC(fd) (fcntl ((fd), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)) +#define SET_OPEN_ON_EXEC(fd) (fcntl ((fd), F_SETFD, FD_NCLOEXEC)) + +/* How to open a file in non-blocking mode, the Posix.1 way. */ +#if !defined (O_NONBLOCK) +# if defined (O_NDELAY) +# define O_NONBLOCK O_NDELAY +# else +# define O_NONBLOCK 0 +# endif +#endif + +#endif /* ! _FILECNTL_H_ */ @@ -193,6 +193,8 @@ make_buffered_stream (fd, buffer, bufsize) bp->b_used = bp->b_inputp = bp->b_flag = 0; if (bufsize == 1) bp->b_flag |= B_UNBUFF; + if (O_TEXT && (fcntl (fd, F_GETFL) & O_TEXT) != 0) + bp->b_flag |= O_TEXT; return (bp); } @@ -361,11 +363,7 @@ duplicate_buffered_stream (fd1, fd2) } /* Return 1 if a seek on FD will succeed. */ -#ifndef __CYGWIN__ -# define fd_is_seekable(fd) (lseek ((fd), 0L, SEEK_CUR) >= 0) -#else -# define fd_is_seekable(fd) 0 -#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ +#define fd_is_seekable(fd) (lseek ((fd), 0L, SEEK_CUR) >= 0) /* Take FD, a file descriptor, and create and return a buffered stream corresponding to it. If something is wrong and the file descriptor @@ -472,9 +470,27 @@ b_fill_buffer (bp) BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; { ssize_t nr; + off_t o; CHECK_TERMSIG; - nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size); + /* In an environment where text and binary files are treated differently, + compensate for lseek() on text files returning an offset different from + the count of characters read() returns. Text-mode streams have to be + treated as unbuffered. */ + if ((bp->b_flag & (B_TEXT | B_UNBUFF)) == B_TEXT) + { + o = lseek (bp->b_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR); + nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size); + if (nr > 0 && nr < lseek (bp->b_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) - o) + { + lseek (bp->b_fd, o, SEEK_SET); + bp->b_flag |= B_UNBUFF; + bp->b_size = 1; + nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size); + } + } + else + nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size); if (nr <= 0) { bp->b_used = 0; @@ -486,15 +502,6 @@ b_fill_buffer (bp) return (EOF); } -#if defined (__CYGWIN__) - /* If on cygwin, translate \r\n to \n. */ - if (nr >= 2 && bp->b_buffer[nr - 2] == '\r' && bp->b_buffer[nr - 1] == '\n') - { - bp->b_buffer[nr - 2] = '\n'; - nr--; - } -#endif - bp->b_used = nr; bp->b_inputp = 0; return (bp->b_buffer[bp->b_inputp++] & 0xFF); diff --git a/input.c~ b/input.c~ new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b041751e --- /dev/null +++ b/input.c~ @@ -0,0 +1,650 @@ +/* input.c -- functions to perform buffered input with synchronization. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1992-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +*/ + +#include "config.h" + +#include "bashtypes.h" +#if !defined (_MINIX) && defined (HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) +# include <sys/file.h> +#endif +#include "filecntl.h" +#include "posixstat.h" +#include <stdio.h> +#include <errno.h> + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +# include <unistd.h> +#endif + +#include "bashansi.h" +#include "bashintl.h" + +#include "command.h" +#include "general.h" +#include "input.h" +#include "error.h" +#include "externs.h" +#include "quit.h" + +#if !defined (errno) +extern int errno; +#endif /* !errno */ + +#if defined (EAGAIN) +# define X_EAGAIN EAGAIN +#else +# define X_EAGAIN -99 +#endif + +#if defined (EWOULDBLOCK) +# define X_EWOULDBLOCK EWOULDBLOCK +#else +# define X_EWOULDBLOCK -99 +#endif + +extern void termsig_handler __P((int)); + +/* Functions to handle reading input on systems that don't restart read(2) + if a signal is received. */ + +static char localbuf[128]; +static int local_index = 0, local_bufused = 0; + +/* Posix and USG systems do not guarantee to restart read () if it is + interrupted by a signal. We do the read ourselves, and restart it + if it returns EINTR. */ +int +getc_with_restart (stream) + FILE *stream; +{ + unsigned char uc; + + CHECK_TERMSIG; + + /* Try local buffering to reduce the number of read(2) calls. */ + if (local_index == local_bufused || local_bufused == 0) + { + while (1) + { + CHECK_TERMSIG; + local_bufused = read (fileno (stream), localbuf, sizeof(localbuf)); + if (local_bufused > 0) + break; + else if (errno == X_EAGAIN || errno == X_EWOULDBLOCK) + { + if (sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fileno (stream)) < 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"), fileno (stream)); + return EOF; + } + continue; + } + else if (local_bufused == 0 || errno != EINTR) + { + local_index = 0; + return EOF; + } + } + local_index = 0; + } + uc = localbuf[local_index++]; + return uc; +} + +int +ungetc_with_restart (c, stream) + int c; + FILE *stream; +{ + if (local_index == 0 || c == EOF) + return EOF; + localbuf[--local_index] = c; + return c; +} + +#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) + +/* A facility similar to stdio, but input-only. */ + +#if defined (USING_BASH_MALLOC) +# define MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 8176 +#else +# define MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 8192 +#endif + +#if !defined (SEEK_CUR) +# define SEEK_CUR 1 +#endif /* !SEEK_CUR */ + +#ifdef max +# undef max +#endif +#define max(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b)) +#ifdef min +# undef min +#endif +#define min(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (b) : (a)) + +extern int interactive_shell; + +int bash_input_fd_changed; + +/* This provides a way to map from a file descriptor to the buffer + associated with that file descriptor, rather than just the other + way around. This is needed so that buffers are managed properly + in constructs like 3<&4. buffers[x]->b_fd == x -- that is how the + correspondence is maintained. */ +static BUFFERED_STREAM **buffers = (BUFFERED_STREAM **)NULL; +static int nbuffers; + +#define ALLOCATE_BUFFERS(n) \ + do { if ((n) >= nbuffers) allocate_buffers (n); } while (0) + +/* Make sure `buffers' has at least N elements. */ +static void +allocate_buffers (n) + int n; +{ + register int i, orig_nbuffers; + + orig_nbuffers = nbuffers; + nbuffers = n + 20; + buffers = (BUFFERED_STREAM **)xrealloc + (buffers, nbuffers * sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM *)); + + /* Zero out the new buffers. */ + for (i = orig_nbuffers; i < nbuffers; i++) + buffers[i] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; +} + +/* Construct and return a BUFFERED_STREAM corresponding to file descriptor + FD, using BUFFER. */ +static BUFFERED_STREAM * +make_buffered_stream (fd, buffer, bufsize) + int fd; + char *buffer; + size_t bufsize; +{ + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; + + bp = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM)); + ALLOCATE_BUFFERS (fd); + buffers[fd] = bp; + bp->b_fd = fd; + bp->b_buffer = buffer; + bp->b_size = bufsize; + bp->b_used = bp->b_inputp = bp->b_flag = 0; + if (bufsize == 1) + bp->b_flag |= B_UNBUFF; + if (O_TEXT && (fcntl (fd, F_GETFL) & O_TEXT) != 0) + bp->b_flag |= O_TEXT; + return (bp); +} + +/* Allocate a new BUFFERED_STREAM, copy BP to it, and return the new copy. */ +static BUFFERED_STREAM * +copy_buffered_stream (bp) + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; +{ + BUFFERED_STREAM *nbp; + + if (!bp) + return ((BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL); + + nbp = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM)); + xbcopy ((char *)bp, (char *)nbp, sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM)); + return (nbp); +} + +int +set_bash_input_fd (fd) + int fd; +{ + if (bash_input.type == st_bstream) + bash_input.location.buffered_fd = fd; + else if (interactive_shell == 0) + default_buffered_input = fd; + return 0; +} + +int +fd_is_bash_input (fd) + int fd; +{ + if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd == fd) + return 1; + else if (interactive_shell == 0 && default_buffered_input == fd) + return 1; + return 0; +} + +/* Save the buffered stream corresponding to file descriptor FD (which bash + is using to read input) to a buffered stream associated with NEW_FD. If + NEW_FD is -1, a new file descriptor is allocated with fcntl. The new + file descriptor is returned on success, -1 on error. */ +int +save_bash_input (fd, new_fd) + int fd, new_fd; +{ + int nfd; + + /* Sync the stream so we can re-read from the new file descriptor. We + might be able to avoid this by copying the buffered stream verbatim + to the new file descriptor. */ + if (buffers[fd]) + sync_buffered_stream (fd); + + /* Now take care of duplicating the file descriptor that bash is + using for input, so we can reinitialize it later. */ + nfd = (new_fd == -1) ? fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, 10) : new_fd; + if (nfd == -1) + { + if (fcntl (fd, F_GETFD, 0) == 0) + sys_error (_("cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"), fd); + return -1; + } + + if (buffers[nfd]) + { + /* What's this? A stray buffer without an associated open file + descriptor? Free up the buffer and report the error. */ + internal_error (_("save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d"), nfd); + free_buffered_stream (buffers[nfd]); + } + + /* Reinitialize bash_input.location. */ + if (bash_input.type == st_bstream) + { + bash_input.location.buffered_fd = nfd; + fd_to_buffered_stream (nfd); + close_buffered_fd (fd); /* XXX */ + } + else + /* If the current input type is not a buffered stream, but the shell + is not interactive and therefore using a buffered stream to read + input (e.g. with an `eval exec 3>output' inside a script), note + that the input fd has been changed. pop_stream() looks at this + value and adjusts the input fd to the new value of + default_buffered_input accordingly. */ + bash_input_fd_changed++; + + if (default_buffered_input == fd) + default_buffered_input = nfd; + + SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (nfd); + return nfd; +} + +/* Check that file descriptor FD is not the one that bash is currently + using to read input from a script. FD is about to be duplicated onto, + which means that the kernel will close it for us. If FD is the bash + input file descriptor, we need to seek backwards in the script (if + possible and necessary -- scripts read from stdin are still unbuffered), + allocate a new file descriptor to use for bash input, and re-initialize + the buffered stream. Make sure the file descriptor used to save bash + input is set close-on-exec. Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. This + works only if fd is > 0 -- if fd == 0 and bash is reading input from + fd 0, save_bash_input is used instead, to cooperate with input + redirection (look at redir.c:add_undo_redirect()). */ +int +check_bash_input (fd) + int fd; +{ + if (fd_is_bash_input (fd)) + { + if (fd > 0) + return ((save_bash_input (fd, -1) == -1) ? -1 : 0); + else if (fd == 0) + return ((sync_buffered_stream (fd) == -1) ? -1 : 0); + } + return 0; +} + +/* This is the buffered stream analogue of dup2(fd1, fd2). The + BUFFERED_STREAM corresponding to fd2 is deallocated, if one exists. + BUFFERS[fd1] is copied to BUFFERS[fd2]. This is called by the + redirect code for constructs like 4<&0 and 3</etc/rc.local. */ +int +duplicate_buffered_stream (fd1, fd2) + int fd1, fd2; +{ + int is_bash_input, m; + + if (fd1 == fd2) + return 0; + + m = max (fd1, fd2); + ALLOCATE_BUFFERS (m); + + /* If FD2 is the file descriptor bash is currently using for shell input, + we need to do some extra work to make sure that the buffered stream + actually exists (it might not if fd1 was not active, and the copy + didn't actually do anything). */ + is_bash_input = (bash_input.type == st_bstream) && + (bash_input.location.buffered_fd == fd2); + + if (buffers[fd2]) + { + /* If the two objects share the same b_buffer, don't free it. */ + if (buffers[fd1] && buffers[fd1]->b_buffer && buffers[fd1]->b_buffer == buffers[fd2]->b_buffer) + buffers[fd2] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; + else + free_buffered_stream (buffers[fd2]); + } + buffers[fd2] = copy_buffered_stream (buffers[fd1]); + if (buffers[fd2]) + buffers[fd2]->b_fd = fd2; + + if (is_bash_input) + { + if (!buffers[fd2]) + fd_to_buffered_stream (fd2); + buffers[fd2]->b_flag |= B_WASBASHINPUT; + } + + return (fd2); +} + +/* Return 1 if a seek on FD will succeed. */ +#ifndef __CYGWIN__ +# define fd_is_seekable(fd) (lseek ((fd), 0L, SEEK_CUR) >= 0) +#else +# define fd_is_seekable(fd) 0 +#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ + +/* Take FD, a file descriptor, and create and return a buffered stream + corresponding to it. If something is wrong and the file descriptor + is invalid, return a NULL stream. */ +BUFFERED_STREAM * +fd_to_buffered_stream (fd) + int fd; +{ + char *buffer; + size_t size; + struct stat sb; + + if (fstat (fd, &sb) < 0) + { + close (fd); + return ((BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL); + } + + size = (fd_is_seekable (fd)) ? min (sb.st_size, MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE) : 1; + if (size == 0) + size = 1; + buffer = (char *)xmalloc (size); + + return (make_buffered_stream (fd, buffer, size)); +} + +/* Return a buffered stream corresponding to FILE, a file name. */ +BUFFERED_STREAM * +open_buffered_stream (file) + char *file; +{ + int fd; + + fd = open (file, O_RDONLY); + return ((fd >= 0) ? fd_to_buffered_stream (fd) : (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL); +} + +/* Deallocate a buffered stream and free up its resources. Make sure we + zero out the slot in BUFFERS that points to BP. */ +void +free_buffered_stream (bp) + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; +{ + int n; + + if (!bp) + return; + + n = bp->b_fd; + if (bp->b_buffer) + free (bp->b_buffer); + free (bp); + buffers[n] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; +} + +/* Close the file descriptor associated with BP, a buffered stream, and free + up the stream. Return the status of closing BP's file descriptor. */ +int +close_buffered_stream (bp) + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; +{ + int fd; + + if (!bp) + return (0); + fd = bp->b_fd; + free_buffered_stream (bp); + return (close (fd)); +} + +/* Deallocate the buffered stream associated with file descriptor FD, and + close FD. Return the status of the close on FD. */ +int +close_buffered_fd (fd) + int fd; +{ + if (fd < 0) + { + errno = EBADF; + return -1; + } + if (fd >= nbuffers || !buffers || !buffers[fd]) + return (close (fd)); + return (close_buffered_stream (buffers[fd])); +} + +/* Make the BUFFERED_STREAM associcated with buffers[FD] be BP, and return + the old BUFFERED_STREAM. */ +BUFFERED_STREAM * +set_buffered_stream (fd, bp) + int fd; + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; +{ + BUFFERED_STREAM *ret; + + ret = buffers[fd]; + buffers[fd] = bp; + return ret; +} + +/* Read a buffer full of characters from BP, a buffered stream. */ +static int +b_fill_buffer (bp) + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; +{ + ssize_t nr; + + CHECK_TERMSIG; + nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size); + if (nr <= 0) + { + bp->b_used = 0; + bp->b_buffer[0] = 0; + if (nr == 0) + bp->b_flag |= B_EOF; + else + bp->b_flag |= B_ERROR; + return (EOF); + } + +#if defined (__CYGWIN__) + /* If on cygwin, translate \r\n to \n. */ + if (nr >= 2 && bp->b_buffer[nr - 2] == '\r' && bp->b_buffer[nr - 1] == '\n') + { + bp->b_buffer[nr - 2] = '\n'; + nr--; + } +#endif + + bp->b_used = nr; + bp->b_inputp = 0; + return (bp->b_buffer[bp->b_inputp++] & 0xFF); +} + +/* Get a character from buffered stream BP. */ +#define bufstream_getc(bp) \ + (bp->b_inputp == bp->b_used || !bp->b_used) \ + ? b_fill_buffer (bp) \ + : bp->b_buffer[bp->b_inputp++] & 0xFF + +/* Push C back onto buffered stream BP. */ +static int +bufstream_ungetc(c, bp) + int c; + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; +{ + if (c == EOF || bp->b_inputp == 0) + return (EOF); + + bp->b_buffer[--bp->b_inputp] = c; + return (c); +} + +/* Seek backwards on file BFD to synchronize what we've read so far + with the underlying file pointer. */ +int +sync_buffered_stream (bfd) + int bfd; +{ + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; + off_t chars_left; + + if (buffers == 0 || (bp = buffers[bfd]) == 0) + return (-1); + + chars_left = bp->b_used - bp->b_inputp; + if (chars_left) + lseek (bp->b_fd, -chars_left, SEEK_CUR); + bp->b_used = bp->b_inputp = 0; + return (0); +} + +int +buffered_getchar () +{ + CHECK_TERMSIG; + +#if !defined (DJGPP) + return (bufstream_getc (buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd])); +#else + /* On DJGPP, ignore \r. */ + int ch; + while ((ch = bufstream_getc (buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd])) == '\r') + ; + return ch; +#endif +} + +int +buffered_ungetchar (c) + int c; +{ + return (bufstream_ungetc (c, buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd])); +} + +/* Make input come from file descriptor BFD through a buffered stream. */ +void +with_input_from_buffered_stream (bfd, name) + int bfd; + char *name; +{ + INPUT_STREAM location; + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; + + location.buffered_fd = bfd; + /* Make sure the buffered stream exists. */ + bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (bfd); + init_yy_io (bp == 0 ? return_EOF : buffered_getchar, + buffered_ungetchar, st_bstream, name, location); +} + +#if defined (TEST) +void * +xmalloc(s) +int s; +{ + return (malloc (s)); +} + +void * +xrealloc(s, size) +char *s; +int size; +{ + if (!s) + return(malloc (size)); + else + return(realloc (s, size)); +} + +void +init_yy_io () +{ +} + +process(bp) +BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; +{ + int c; + + while ((c = bufstream_getc(bp)) != EOF) + putchar(c); +} + +BASH_INPUT bash_input; + +struct stat dsb; /* can be used from gdb */ + +/* imitate /bin/cat */ +main(argc, argv) +int argc; +char **argv; +{ + register int i; + BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; + + if (argc == 1) { + bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0); + process(bp); + exit(0); + } + for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { + if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0') { + bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0); + if (!bp) + continue; + process(bp); + free_buffered_stream (bp); + } else { + bp = open_buffered_stream (argv[i]); + if (!bp) + continue; + process(bp); + close_buffered_stream (bp); + } + } + exit(0); +} +#endif /* TEST */ +#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ @@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ enum stream_type {st_none, st_stdin, st_stream, st_string, st_bstream}; #define B_ERROR 0x02 #define B_UNBUFF 0x04 #define B_WASBASHINPUT 0x08 +#define B_TEXT 0x10 /* A buffered stream. Like a FILE *, but with our own buffering and synchronization. Look in input.c for the implementation. */ diff --git a/input.h~ b/input.h~ new file mode 100644 index 00000000..834626ae --- /dev/null +++ b/input.h~ @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +/* input.h -- Structures and unions used for reading input. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1993-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +*/ + +#if !defined (_INPUT_H_) +#define _INPUT_H_ + +#include "stdc.h" + +/* Function pointers can be declared as (Function *)foo. */ +#if !defined (_FUNCTION_DEF) +# define _FUNCTION_DEF +typedef int Function (); +typedef void VFunction (); +typedef char *CPFunction (); /* no longer used */ +typedef char **CPPFunction (); /* no longer used */ +#endif /* _FUNCTION_DEF */ + +typedef int sh_cget_func_t __P((void)); /* sh_ivoidfunc_t */ +typedef int sh_cunget_func_t __P((int)); /* sh_intfunc_t */ + +enum stream_type {st_none, st_stdin, st_stream, st_string, st_bstream}; + +#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) + +/* Possible values for b_flag. */ +#undef B_EOF +#undef B_ERROR /* There are some systems with this define */ +#undef B_UNBUFF + +#define B_EOF 0x01 +#define B_ERROR 0x02 +#define B_UNBUFF 0x04 +#define B_WASBASHINPUT 0x08 + +/* A buffered stream. Like a FILE *, but with our own buffering and + synchronization. Look in input.c for the implementation. */ +typedef struct BSTREAM +{ + int b_fd; + char *b_buffer; /* The buffer that holds characters read. */ + size_t b_size; /* How big the buffer is. */ + size_t b_used; /* How much of the buffer we're using, */ + int b_flag; /* Flag values. */ + size_t b_inputp; /* The input pointer, index into b_buffer. */ +} BUFFERED_STREAM; + +#if 0 +extern BUFFERED_STREAM **buffers; +#endif + +extern int default_buffered_input; + +#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ + +typedef union { + FILE *file; + char *string; +#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) + int buffered_fd; +#endif +} INPUT_STREAM; + +typedef struct { + enum stream_type type; + char *name; + INPUT_STREAM location; + sh_cget_func_t *getter; + sh_cunget_func_t *ungetter; +} BASH_INPUT; + +extern BASH_INPUT bash_input; + +/* Functions from parse.y whose use directly or indirectly depends on the + definitions in this file. */ +extern void initialize_bash_input __P((void)); +extern void init_yy_io __P((sh_cget_func_t *, sh_cunget_func_t *, enum stream_type, const char *, INPUT_STREAM)); +extern char *yy_input_name __P((void)); +extern void with_input_from_stdin __P((void)); +extern void with_input_from_string __P((char *, const char *)); +extern void with_input_from_stream __P((FILE *, const char *)); +extern void push_stream __P((int)); +extern void pop_stream __P((void)); +extern int stream_on_stack __P((enum stream_type)); +extern char *read_secondary_line __P((int)); +extern int find_reserved_word __P((char *)); +extern void gather_here_documents __P((void)); +extern void execute_variable_command __P((char *, char *)); + +extern int *save_token_state __P((void)); +extern void restore_token_state __P((int *)); + +/* Functions from input.c */ +extern int getc_with_restart __P((FILE *)); +extern int ungetc_with_restart __P((int, FILE *)); + +#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) +/* Functions from input.c. */ +extern int fd_is_bash_input __P((int)); +extern int set_bash_input_fd __P((int)); +extern int save_bash_input __P((int, int)); +extern int check_bash_input __P((int)); +extern int duplicate_buffered_stream __P((int, int)); +extern BUFFERED_STREAM *fd_to_buffered_stream __P((int)); +extern BUFFERED_STREAM *set_buffered_stream __P((int, BUFFERED_STREAM *)); +extern BUFFERED_STREAM *open_buffered_stream __P((char *)); +extern void free_buffered_stream __P((BUFFERED_STREAM *)); +extern int close_buffered_stream __P((BUFFERED_STREAM *)); +extern int close_buffered_fd __P((int)); +extern int sync_buffered_stream __P((int)); +extern int buffered_getchar __P((void)); +extern int buffered_ungetchar __P((int)); +extern void with_input_from_buffered_stream __P((int, char *)); +#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ + +#endif /* _INPUT_H_ */ diff --git a/lib/readline/complete.c b/lib/readline/complete.c index 2f300947..d59fd924 100644 --- a/lib/readline/complete.c +++ b/lib/readline/complete.c @@ -2195,8 +2195,12 @@ rl_filename_completion_function (text, state) /* We aren't done yet. We also support the "~user" syntax. */ - /* Save the version of the directory that the user typed. */ - users_dirname = savestring (dirname); + /* Save the version of the directory that the user typed, dequoting + it if necessary. */ + if (rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function) + users_dirname = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) (dirname, rl_completion_quote_character); + else + users_dirname = savestring (dirname); if (*dirname == '~') { @@ -2208,9 +2212,13 @@ rl_filename_completion_function (text, state) if (rl_directory_rewrite_hook) (*rl_directory_rewrite_hook) (&dirname); - /* The directory completion hook should perform any necessary - dequoting. */ - if (rl_directory_completion_hook && (*rl_directory_completion_hook) (&dirname)) + /* We have saved the possibly-dequoted version of the directory name + the user typed. Now transform the directory name we're going to + pass to opendir(2). The directory completion hook should perform + any necessary dequoting. If the directory completion hook returns + 0, it should not modify the directory name pointer passed as an + argument. */ + else if (rl_directory_completion_hook && (*rl_directory_completion_hook) (&dirname)) { xfree (users_dirname); users_dirname = savestring (dirname); @@ -2221,8 +2229,6 @@ rl_filename_completion_function (text, state) temp = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) (dirname, rl_completion_quote_character); xfree (dirname); dirname = temp; - xfree (users_dirname); - users_dirname = savestring (dirname); } directory = opendir (dirname); diff --git a/lib/readline/complete.c~ b/lib/readline/complete.c~ index 50eb70e9..0392bf24 100644 --- a/lib/readline/complete.c~ +++ b/lib/readline/complete.c~ @@ -2195,8 +2195,12 @@ rl_filename_completion_function (text, state) /* We aren't done yet. We also support the "~user" syntax. */ - /* Save the version of the directory that the user typed. */ - users_dirname = savestring (dirname); + /* Save the version of the directory that the user typed, dequoting + it if necessary. */ + if (rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function) + users_dirname = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) (dirname, rl_completion_quote_character); + else + users_dirname = savestring (dirname); if (*dirname == '~') { @@ -2208,13 +2212,14 @@ rl_filename_completion_function (text, state) if (rl_directory_rewrite_hook) (*rl_directory_rewrite_hook) (&dirname); - /* The directory completion hook should perform any necessary - dequoting. */ + /* We have saved the possibly-dequoted version of the directory name + the user typed. Now transform the directory name we're going to + pass to opendir(2). The directory completion hook should perform + any necessary dequoting. If the directory completion hook returns + 0, it should not modify the directory name pointer passed as an + argument. */ if (rl_directory_completion_hook && (*rl_directory_completion_hook) (&dirname)) - { - xfree (users_dirname); - users_dirname = savestring (dirname); - } + ; else if (rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function) { /* delete single and double quotes */ diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi index 6310cf15..528e18fa 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi @@ -1717,18 +1717,20 @@ from the array must be freed. @deftypevar {rl_icppfunc_t *} rl_directory_completion_hook This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory portion -of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the address of a -string (the current directory name) as an argument, and may modify that string. +of filenames Readline completes. +It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames. +It is called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as an +argument, and may modify that string. If the string is replaced with a new string, the old value should be freed. Any modified directory name should have a trailing slash. -The modified value will be displayed as part of the completion, replacing +The modified value will be used as part of the completion, replacing the directory portion of the pathname the user typed. -It returns an integer that should be non-zero if the function modifies -its directory argument. -It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames. At the least, even if no other expansion is performed, this function should remove any quote characters from the directory name, because its result will be passed directly to @code{opendir()}. +The directory completion hook returns an integer that should be non-zero if +the function modifies its directory argument. +The function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0. @end deftypevar @ignore @@ -1740,7 +1742,7 @@ it only modifies the directory name used in @code{opendir}, not what is displayed when the possible completions are printed or inserted. It is called before rl_directory_completion_hook. -I'm not happy with how this worksyet, so it's undocumented. +I'm not happy with how this works yet, so it's undocumented. @end deftypevar @end ignore diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi~ b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi~ index 454eaf03..bf18911e 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi~ +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi~ @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for aiding in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. -Copyright (C) 1988-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988--2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice @@ -1717,18 +1717,20 @@ from the array must be freed. @deftypevar {rl_icppfunc_t *} rl_directory_completion_hook This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory portion -of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the address of a +of filenames Readline completes. +It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames. +It is called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as an argument, and may modify that string. If the string is replaced with a new string, the old value should be freed. Any modified directory name should have a trailing slash. -The modified value will be displayed as part of the completion, replacing +The modified value may be used as part of the completion, replacing the directory portion of the pathname the user typed. -It returns an integer that should be non-zero if the function modifies -its directory argument. -It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames. At the least, even if no other expansion is performed, this function should remove any quote characters from the directory name, because its result will be passed directly to @code{opendir()}. +The directory completion hook returns an integer that should be non-zero if +the function modifies its directory argument. +The function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0. @end deftypevar @ignore @@ -1740,7 +1742,7 @@ it only modifies the directory name used in @code{opendir}, not what is displayed when the possible completions are printed or inserted. It is called before rl_directory_completion_hook. -I'm not happy with how this worksyet, so it's undocumented. +I'm not happy with how this works yet, so it's undocumented. @end deftypevar @end ignore diff --git a/lib/readline/terminal.c b/lib/readline/terminal.c index 37676121..f8c2f6ed 100644 --- a/lib/readline/terminal.c +++ b/lib/readline/terminal.c @@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ static char *term_string_buffer = (char *)NULL; static int tcap_initialized; -#if !defined (__linux__) +#if !defined (__linux__) && !defined (NCURSES_VERSION) # if defined (__EMX__) || defined (NEED_EXTERN_PC) extern # endif /* __EMX__ || NEED_EXTERN_PC */ char PC, *BC, *UP; -#endif /* __linux__ */ +#endif /* !__linux__ && !NCURSES_VERSION */ /* Some strings to control terminal actions. These are output by tputs (). */ char *_rl_term_clreol; diff --git a/lib/sh/tmpfile.c b/lib/sh/tmpfile.c index a87c254f..0bbc2871 100644 --- a/lib/sh/tmpfile.c +++ b/lib/sh/tmpfile.c @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ extern int errno; #endif -#define BASEOPENFLAGS (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_EXCL) +#define BASEOPENFLAGS (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_EXCL | O_BINARY) #define DEFAULT_TMPDIR "." /* bogus default, should be changed */ #define DEFAULT_NAMEROOT "shtmp" diff --git a/lib/sh/tmpfile.c~ b/lib/sh/tmpfile.c~ new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a87c254f --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/sh/tmpfile.c~ @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +/* + * tmpfile.c - functions to create and safely open temp files for the shell. + */ + +/* Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +*/ + +#include <config.h> + +#include <bashtypes.h> +#include <posixstat.h> +#include <posixtime.h> +#include <filecntl.h> + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +# include <unistd.h> +#endif + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <errno.h> + +#include <shell.h> + +#ifndef errno +extern int errno; +#endif + +#define BASEOPENFLAGS (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_EXCL) + +#define DEFAULT_TMPDIR "." /* bogus default, should be changed */ +#define DEFAULT_NAMEROOT "shtmp" + +extern pid_t dollar_dollar_pid; + +static char *get_sys_tmpdir __P((void)); +static char *get_tmpdir __P((int)); + +static char *sys_tmpdir = (char *)NULL; +static int ntmpfiles; +static int tmpnamelen = -1; +static unsigned long filenum = 1L; + +static char * +get_sys_tmpdir () +{ + if (sys_tmpdir) + return sys_tmpdir; + +#ifdef P_tmpdir + sys_tmpdir = P_tmpdir; + if (file_iswdir (sys_tmpdir)) + return sys_tmpdir; +#endif + + sys_tmpdir = "/tmp"; + if (file_iswdir (sys_tmpdir)) + return sys_tmpdir; + + sys_tmpdir = "/var/tmp"; + if (file_iswdir (sys_tmpdir)) + return sys_tmpdir; + + sys_tmpdir = "/usr/tmp"; + if (file_iswdir (sys_tmpdir)) + return sys_tmpdir; + + sys_tmpdir = DEFAULT_TMPDIR; + + return sys_tmpdir; +} + +static char * +get_tmpdir (flags) + int flags; +{ + char *tdir; + + tdir = (flags & MT_USETMPDIR) ? get_string_value ("TMPDIR") : (char *)NULL; + if (tdir && (file_iswdir (tdir) == 0 || strlen (tdir) > PATH_MAX)) + tdir = 0; + + if (tdir == 0) + tdir = get_sys_tmpdir (); + +#if defined (HAVE_PATHCONF) && defined (_PC_NAME_MAX) + if (tmpnamelen == -1) + tmpnamelen = pathconf (tdir, _PC_NAME_MAX); +#else + tmpnamelen = 0; +#endif + + return tdir; +} + +char * +sh_mktmpname (nameroot, flags) + char *nameroot; + int flags; +{ + char *filename, *tdir, *lroot; + struct stat sb; + int r, tdlen; + + filename = (char *)xmalloc (PATH_MAX + 1); + tdir = get_tmpdir (flags); + tdlen = strlen (tdir); + + lroot = nameroot ? nameroot : DEFAULT_NAMEROOT; + +#ifdef USE_MKTEMP + sprintf (filename, "%s/%s.XXXXXX", tdir, lroot); + if (mktemp (filename) == 0) + { + free (filename); + filename = NULL; + } +#else /* !USE_MKTEMP */ + while (1) + { + filenum = (filenum << 1) ^ + (unsigned long) time ((time_t *)0) ^ + (unsigned long) dollar_dollar_pid ^ + (unsigned long) ((flags & MT_USERANDOM) ? get_random_number () : ntmpfiles++); + sprintf (filename, "%s/%s-%lu", tdir, lroot, filenum); + if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32) + filename[tdlen + 1 + tmpnamelen] = '\0'; +# ifdef HAVE_LSTAT + r = lstat (filename, &sb); +# else + r = stat (filename, &sb); +# endif + if (r < 0 && errno == ENOENT) + break; + } +#endif /* !USE_MKTEMP */ + + return filename; +} + +int +sh_mktmpfd (nameroot, flags, namep) + char *nameroot; + int flags; + char **namep; +{ + char *filename, *tdir, *lroot; + int fd, tdlen; + + filename = (char *)xmalloc (PATH_MAX + 1); + tdir = get_tmpdir (flags); + tdlen = strlen (tdir); + + lroot = nameroot ? nameroot : DEFAULT_NAMEROOT; + +#ifdef USE_MKSTEMP + sprintf (filename, "%s/%s.XXXXXX", tdir, lroot); + fd = mkstemp (filename); + if (fd < 0 || namep == 0) + { + free (filename); + filename = NULL; + } + if (namep) + *namep = filename; + return fd; +#else /* !USE_MKSTEMP */ + do + { + filenum = (filenum << 1) ^ + (unsigned long) time ((time_t *)0) ^ + (unsigned long) dollar_dollar_pid ^ + (unsigned long) ((flags & MT_USERANDOM) ? get_random_number () : ntmpfiles++); + sprintf (filename, "%s/%s-%lu", tdir, lroot, filenum); + if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32) + filename[tdlen + 1 + tmpnamelen] = '\0'; + fd = open (filename, BASEOPENFLAGS | ((flags & MT_READWRITE) ? O_RDWR : O_WRONLY), 0600); + } + while (fd < 0 && errno == EEXIST); + + if (namep) + *namep = filename; + else + free (filename); + + return fd; +#endif /* !USE_MKSTEMP */ +} + +FILE * +sh_mktmpfp (nameroot, flags, namep) + char *nameroot; + int flags; + char **namep; +{ + int fd; + FILE *fp; + + fd = sh_mktmpfd (nameroot, flags, namep); + if (fd < 0) + return ((FILE *)NULL); + fp = fdopen (fd, (flags & MT_READWRITE) ? "w+" : "w"); + if (fp == 0) + close (fd); + return fp; +} @@ -5541,7 +5541,7 @@ static void report_syntax_error (message) char *message; { - char *msg; + char *msg, *p; if (message) { @@ -5557,6 +5557,12 @@ report_syntax_error (message) parser's complaining about by looking at current_token. */ if (current_token != 0 && EOF_Reached == 0 && (msg = error_token_from_token (current_token))) { + if (ansic_shouldquote (msg)) + { + p = ansic_quote (msg, 0, NULL); + free (msg); + msg = p; + } parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"), msg); free (msg); @@ -3833,8 +3833,7 @@ eof_error: return ret; } -/* XXX - this needs to handle functionality like subst.c:no_longjmp_on_fatal_error; - maybe extract_command_subst should handle it. */ +/* Recursively call the parser to parse a $(...) command substitution. */ char * xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags) char *base; @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ here_document_to_fd (redirectee, ri) /* In an attempt to avoid races, we close the first fd only after opening the second. */ /* Make the document really temporary. Also make it the input. */ - fd2 = open (filename, O_RDONLY, 0600); + fd2 = open (filename, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY, 0600); if (fd2 < 0) { @@ -465,14 +465,6 @@ here_document_to_fd (redirectee, ri) if (unlink (filename) < 0) { r = errno; -#if defined (__CYGWIN__) - /* Under CygWin 1.1.0, the unlink will fail if the file is - open. This hack will allow the previous action of silently - ignoring the error, but will still leave the file there. This - needs some kind of magic. */ - if (r == EACCES) - return (fd2); -#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ close (fd2); free (filename); errno = r; @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ do { \ if ((r) < 0) \ { \ if (fd >= 0) \ - close (fd); \ + close (fd); \ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;\ return ((e) == 0 ? EINVAL : (e));\ } \ @@ -465,14 +465,6 @@ here_document_to_fd (redirectee, ri) if (unlink (filename) < 0) { r = errno; -#if defined (__CYGWIN__) - /* Under CygWin 1.1.0, the unlink will fail if the file is - open. This hack will allow the previous action of silently - ignoring the error, but will still leave the file there. This - needs some kind of magic. */ - if (r == EACCES) - return (fd2); -#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ close (fd2); free (filename); errno = r; @@ -821,7 +813,10 @@ do_redirection_internal (redirect, flags) if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) { redirector = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE); /* XXX try this for now */ - REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, errno, fd); + r = errno; + if (redirector < 0) + sys_error (_("redirection error: cannot duplicate fd")); + REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, r, fd); } if (flags & RX_UNDOABLE) @@ -930,7 +925,10 @@ do_redirection_internal (redirect, flags) if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) { redirector = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE); /* XXX try this for now */ - REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, errno, fd); + r = errno; + if (redirector < 0) + sys_error (_("redirection error: cannot duplicate fd")); + REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, r, fd); } if (flags & RX_ACTIVE) @@ -990,7 +988,10 @@ do_redirection_internal (redirect, flags) if ((flags & RX_ACTIVE) && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)) { redirector = fcntl (redir_fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE); /* XXX try this for now */ - REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, errno, -1); + r = errno; + if (redirector < 0) + sys_error (_("redirection error: cannot duplicate fd")); + REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, r, -1); } if ((flags & RX_ACTIVE) && (redir_fd != redirector)) @@ -1115,7 +1116,7 @@ do_redirection_internal (redirect, flags) since we're going to use it later (e.g., make sure we don't save fd 0 to fd 10 if we have a redirection like 0<&10). If the value of fdbase puts the process over its fd limit, causing fcntl to fail, we try - again with SHELL_FD_BASE. */ + again with SHELL_FD_BASE. Return 0 on success, -1 on error. */ static int add_undo_redirect (fd, ri, fdbase) int fd; @@ -1197,7 +1198,7 @@ add_undo_redirect (fd, ri, fdbase) } /* Set up to close FD when we are finished with the current command - and its redirections. */ + and its redirections. Return 0 on success, -1 on error. */ static int add_undo_close_redirect (fd) int fd; @@ -1476,10 +1476,6 @@ open_shell_script (script_name) not match with ours. */ fd = move_to_high_fd (fd, 1, -1); -#if defined (__CYGWIN__) && defined (O_TEXT) - setmode (fd, O_TEXT); -#endif - #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) default_buffered_input = fd; SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (default_buffered_input); @@ -1292,13 +1292,12 @@ run_one_command (command) int code; code = setjmp (top_level); -itrace("run_one_command: setjmp: code = %d", code); + if (code != NOT_JUMPED) { #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ -itrace("run_one_command: code = %d", code); switch (code) { /* Some kind of throw to top_level has occured. */ @@ -5146,10 +5146,6 @@ read_comsub (fd, quoted, rflag) for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++) skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL; -#ifdef __CYGWIN__ - setmode (fd, O_TEXT); /* we don't want CR/LF, we want Unix-style */ -#endif - /* Read the output of the command through the pipe. This may need to be changed to understand multibyte characters in the future. */ while (1) @@ -5360,6 +5356,13 @@ command_substitute (string, quoted) (fildes[0] != fileno (stderr))) close (fildes[0]); +#ifdef __CYGWIN__ + /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode, and + make sure to preserve stdout line buffering. */ + freopen (NULL, "w", stdout); + sh_setlinebuf (stdout); +#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ + /* The currently executing shell is not interactive. */ interactive = 0; @@ -4306,11 +4306,15 @@ match_pattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep) #if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) { +#if 0 slen = STRLEN (string); mslen = MBSLEN (string); plen = STRLEN (pat); mplen = MBSLEN (pat); if (slen == mslen && plen == mplen) +#else + if (mbsmbchar (string) == 0 && mbsmbchar (pat) == 0) +#endif return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)); n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpat, NULL, pat); @@ -5142,10 +5146,6 @@ read_comsub (fd, quoted, rflag) for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++) skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL; -#ifdef __CYGWIN__ - setmode (fd, O_TEXT); /* we don't want CR/LF, we want Unix-style */ -#endif - /* Read the output of the command through the pipe. This may need to be changed to understand multibyte characters in the future. */ while (1) diff --git a/tests/exec.right b/tests/exec.right index aae910da..c51a2534 100644 --- a/tests/exec.right +++ b/tests/exec.right @@ -51,4 +51,12 @@ this is ohio-state 1 testb expand_aliases on +1 +1 +1 +1 +0 +0 +0 +0 after diff --git a/tests/exec9.sub b/tests/exec9.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8d20b44 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/exec9.sub @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# make sure commands before the last one in the pipeline can't change $? +false +false | echo $? +false +(false) | echo $? + +false +true | echo $? +false +(true) | echo $? + +true +false | echo $? +true +(false) | echo $? + +true +true | echo $? +true +(true) | echo $? diff --git a/tests/execscript b/tests/execscript index 70e77a3b..f1db5277 100644 --- a/tests/execscript +++ b/tests/execscript @@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./exec7.sub ${THIS_SH} -i ./exec8.sub +${THIS_SH} ./exec9.sub + true | `echo true` & echo after |