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<title>Using matrices as state types</title>
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<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_numeric_odeint.tutorial.using_matrices_as_state_types"></a><a class="link" href="using_matrices_as_state_types.html" title="Using matrices as state types">Using
matrices as state types</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
odeint works well with a variety of different state types. It is not restricted
to pure vector-wise types, like <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="special">></span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">array</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="special">></span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fusion</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="special">></span></code>,
etc. but also works with types having a different topology then simple vectors.
Here, we show how odeint can be used with matrices as states type, in the
next section we will show how can be used to solve ODEs defined on complex
networks.
</p>
<p>
By default, odeint can be used with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ublas</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">matrix</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="special">></span></code> as state type for matrices. A simple
example is a two-dimensional lattice of coupled phase oscillators. Other
matrix types like <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mtl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">dense_matrix</span></code> or blitz arrays and matrices
can used as well but need some kind of activation in order to work with odeint.
This activation is described in following sections,
</p>
<p>
The definition of the system is
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ublas</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">matrix</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">state_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">two_dimensional_phase_lattice</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">two_dimensional_phase_lattice</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">gamma</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0.5</span> <span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">m_gamma</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">gamma</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">()(</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">state_type</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">state_type</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">dxdt</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="comment">/* t */</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">size1</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size1</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size2</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size2</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="keyword">for</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">size1</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">for</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">j</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="identifier">j</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">size2</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">dxdt</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">=</span>
<span class="identifier">coupling_func</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">+</span>
<span class="identifier">coupling_func</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">+</span>
<span class="identifier">coupling_func</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">+</span>
<span class="identifier">coupling_func</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">for</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="number">0</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size1</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">dxdt</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">dxdt</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size2</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">-</span><span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">for</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">j</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="number">0</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="identifier">j</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size2</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">dxdt</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">dxdt</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size1</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">-</span><span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">j</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">coupling_func</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">sin</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="identifier">m_gamma</span> <span class="special">*</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="number">1.0</span> <span class="special">-</span> <span class="identifier">cos</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">m_gamma</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
In principle this is all. Please note, that the above code is far from being
optimal. Better performance can be achieved if every interaction is only
calculated once and iterators for columns and rows are used. Below are some
visualizations of the evolution of this lattice equation.
</p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../phase_lattice_2d_0000.jpg" alt="phase_lattice_2d_0000"></span> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../phase_lattice_2d_0100.jpg" alt="phase_lattice_2d_0100"></span> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../phase_lattice_2d_1000.jpg" alt="phase_lattice_2d_1000"></span>
</p>
<p>
The full cpp for this example can be found here <a href="https://github.com/headmyshoulder/odeint-v2/blob/master/examples/two_dimensional_phase_lattice.cpp" target="_top">two_dimensional_phase_lattice.cpp</a>.
</p>
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Ahnert and Mario Mulansky<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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