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<title>Optional Reference Binding</title>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_optional.dependencies_and_portability.optional_reference_binding"></a><a class="link" href="optional_reference_binding.html" title="Optional Reference Binding">Optional
Reference Binding</a>
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<p>
On compilers that do not conform to Standard C++ rules of reference binding,
operations on optional references might give adverse results: rather than
binding a reference to a designated object they may create an unexpected
temporary and bind to it. Compilers known to have these deficiencies include
GCC versions 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5; QCC 4.4.2; MSVC versions 8.0, 9.0, 10.0,
11.0, 12.0. On these compilers prefer using direct-initialization and copy
assignment of optional references to copy-initialization and assignment from
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&</span></code>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&></span> <span class="identifier">or1</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&></span> <span class="identifier">or2</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// not portable</span>
<span class="identifier">or1</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// not portable</span>
<span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&></span> <span class="identifier">or3</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// portable</span>
<span class="identifier">or1</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&>(</span><span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// portable</span>
</pre>
<p>
In order to check if your compiler correctly implements reference binding
use this test program.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">cassert</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">global_i</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">TestingReferenceBinding</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">TestingReferenceBinding</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">ii</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(&</span><span class="identifier">ii</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">global_i</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">=(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">ii</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(&</span><span class="identifier">ii</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">global_i</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">=(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&&)</span> <span class="comment">// remove this if your compiler doesn't have rvalue refs</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">iref</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">global_i</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(&</span><span class="identifier">iref</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="identifier">global_i</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">TestingReferenceBinding</span> <span class="identifier">ttt</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">global_i</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">ttt</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">global_i</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">TestingReferenceBinding</span> <span class="identifier">ttt2</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">iref</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">ttt2</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">iref</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<br>Copyright © 2014 Andrzej Krzemieński<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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