path: root/boto/s3/connection.py

# Copyright (c) 2006-2012 Mitch Garnaat http://garnaat.org/
# Copyright (c) 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.
# Copyright (c) 2010, Eucalyptus Systems, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
# lowing conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.

import xml.sax
import base64
import time

from boto.compat import six, urllib
from boto.auth import detect_potential_s3sigv4
import boto.utils
from boto.connection import AWSAuthConnection
from boto import handler
from boto.s3.bucket import Bucket
from boto.s3.key import Key
from boto.resultset import ResultSet
from boto.exception import BotoClientError, S3ResponseError


def check_lowercase_bucketname(n):
    """
    Bucket names must not contain uppercase characters. We check for
    this by appending a lowercase character and testing with islower().
    Note this also covers cases like numeric bucket names with dashes.

    >>> check_lowercase_bucketname("Aaaa")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    BotoClientError: S3Error: Bucket names cannot contain upper-case
    characters when using either the sub-domain or virtual hosting calling
    format.

    >>> check_lowercase_bucketname("1234-5678-9123")
    True
    >>> check_lowercase_bucketname("abcdefg1234")
    True
    """
    if not (n + 'a').islower():
        raise BotoClientError("Bucket names cannot contain upper-case " \
            "characters when using either the sub-domain or virtual " \
            "hosting calling format.")
    return True


def assert_case_insensitive(f):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        if len(args) == 3 and check_lowercase_bucketname(args[2]):
            pass
        return f(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


class _CallingFormat(object):

    def get_bucket_server(self, server, bucket):
        return ''

    def build_url_base(self, connection, protocol, server, bucket, key=''):
        url_base = '%s://' % protocol
        url_base += self.build_host(server, bucket)
        url_base += connection.get_path(self.build_path_base(bucket, key))
        return url_base

    def build_host(self, server, bucket):
        if bucket == '':
            return server
        else:
            return self.get_bucket_server(server, bucket)

    def build_auth_path(self, bucket, key=''):
        key = get_utf8able_str(key)
        if isinstance(bucket, bytes):
            bucket = bucket.decode('utf-8')
        path = ''
        if bucket != '':
            path = '/' + bucket
        return path + '/%s' % urllib.parse.quote(key)

    def build_path_base(self, bucket, key=''):
        key = get_utf8able_str(key)
        return '/%s' % urllib.parse.quote(key)


class SubdomainCallingFormat(_CallingFormat):

    @assert_case_insensitive
    def get_bucket_server(self, server, bucket):
        return '%s.%s' % (bucket, server)


class VHostCallingFormat(_CallingFormat):

    @assert_case_insensitive
    def get_bucket_server(self, server, bucket):
        return bucket


class OrdinaryCallingFormat(_CallingFormat):

    def get_bucket_server(self, server, bucket):
        return server

    def build_path_base(self, bucket, key=''):
        key = get_utf8able_str(key)
        path_base = '/'
        if bucket:
            path_base += "%s/" % bucket
        return path_base + urllib.parse.quote(key)


class ProtocolIndependentOrdinaryCallingFormat(OrdinaryCallingFormat):

    def build_url_base(self, connection, protocol, server, bucket, key=''):
        url_base = '//'
        url_base += self.build_host(server, bucket)
        url_base += connection.get_path(self.build_path_base(bucket, key))
        return url_base


class Location(object):

    DEFAULT = ''  # US Classic Region
    EU = 'EU'  # Ireland
    EUCentral1 = 'eu-central-1'  # Frankfurt
    USWest = 'us-west-1'
    USWest2 = 'us-west-2'
    SAEast = 'sa-east-1'
    APNortheast = 'ap-northeast-1'
    APSoutheast = 'ap-southeast-1'
    APSoutheast2 = 'ap-southeast-2'
    CNNorth1 = 'cn-north-1'


class NoHostProvided(object):
    # An identifying object to help determine whether the user provided a
    # ``host`` or not. Never instantiated.
    pass


class HostRequiredError(BotoClientError):
    pass


class S3Connection(AWSAuthConnection):

    DefaultHost = 's3.amazonaws.com'
    DefaultCallingFormat = boto.config.get('s3', 'calling_format', 'boto.s3.connection.SubdomainCallingFormat')
    QueryString = 'Signature=%s&Expires=%d&AWSAccessKeyId=%s'

    def __init__(self, aws_access_key_id=None, aws_secret_access_key=None,
                 is_secure=True, port=None, proxy=None, proxy_port=None,
                 proxy_user=None, proxy_pass=None,
                 host=NoHostProvided, debug=0, https_connection_factory=None,
                 calling_format=DefaultCallingFormat, path='/',
                 provider='aws', bucket_class=Bucket, security_token=None,
                 suppress_consec_slashes=True, anon=None,
                 validate_certs=None, profile_name=None):
        self.bucket_class = bucket_class

        if isinstance(calling_format, six.string_types):
            calling_format=boto.utils.find_class(calling_format)()
        self.calling_format = calling_format

        # Fetching config options at init time, instead of using a class-level
        # default (set at class declaration time) as the default arg value,
        # allows our tests to ensure that the config file options are
        # respected.
        if anon is None:
            # Only fetch from the config option if a non-default arg value was
            # provided.
            anon = boto.config.getbool('s3', 'no_sign_request', False)
        self.anon = anon

        no_host_provided = False
        if host is NoHostProvided:
            host = boto.config.get('s3', 'host')
            if host is None:
                host = self.DefaultHost
                no_host_provided = True

        super(S3Connection, self).__init__(host,
                aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key,
                is_secure, port, proxy, proxy_port, proxy_user, proxy_pass,
                debug=debug, https_connection_factory=https_connection_factory,
                path=path, provider=provider, security_token=security_token,
                suppress_consec_slashes=suppress_consec_slashes,
                validate_certs=validate_certs, profile_name=profile_name)
        # We need to delay until after the call to ``super`` before checking
        # to see if SigV4 is in use.
        if no_host_provided:
            if 'hmac-v4-s3' in self._required_auth_capability():
                raise HostRequiredError(
                    "When using SigV4, you must specify a 'host' parameter."
                )

    @detect_potential_s3sigv4
    def _required_auth_capability(self):
        if self.anon:
            return ['anon']
        else:
            return ['s3']

    def __iter__(self):
        for bucket in self.get_all_buckets():
            yield bucket

    def __contains__(self, bucket_name):
        return not (self.lookup(bucket_name) is None)

    def set_bucket_class(self, bucket_class):
        """
        Set the Bucket class associated with this bucket.  By default, this
        would be the boto.s3.key.Bucket class but if you want to subclass that
        for some reason this allows you to associate your new class.

        :type bucket_class: class
        :param bucket_class: A subclass of Bucket that can be more specific
        """
        self.bucket_class = bucket_class

    def build_post_policy(self, expiration_time, conditions):
        """
        Taken from the AWS book Python examples and modified for use with boto
        """
        assert isinstance(expiration_time, time.struct_time), \
            'Policy document must include a valid expiration Time object'

        # Convert conditions object mappings to condition statements

        return '{"expiration": "%s",\n"conditions": [%s]}' % \
            (time.strftime(boto.utils.ISO8601, expiration_time), ",".join(conditions))

    def build_post_form_args(self, bucket_name, key, expires_in=6000,
                             acl=None, success_action_redirect=None,
                             max_content_length=None,
                             http_method='http', fields=None,
                             conditions=None, storage_class='STANDARD',
                             server_side_encryption=None):
        """
        Taken from the AWS book Python examples and modified for use with boto
        This only returns the arguments required for the post form, not the
        actual form.  This does not return the file input field which also
        needs to be added

        :type bucket_name: string
        :param bucket_name: Bucket to submit to

        :type key: string
        :param key:  Key name, optionally add ${filename} to the end to
            attach the submitted filename

        :type expires_in: integer
        :param expires_in: Time (in seconds) before this expires, defaults
            to 6000

        :type acl: string
        :param acl: A canned ACL.  One of:
            * private
            * public-read
            * public-read-write
            * authenticated-read
            * bucket-owner-read
            * bucket-owner-full-control

        :type success_action_redirect: string
        :param success_action_redirect: URL to redirect to on success

        :type max_content_length: integer
        :param max_content_length: Maximum size for this file

        :type http_method: string
        :param http_method:  HTTP Method to use, "http" or "https"

        :type storage_class: string
        :param storage_class: Storage class to use for storing the object.
            Valid values: STANDARD | REDUCED_REDUNDANCY

        :type server_side_encryption: string
        :param server_side_encryption: Specifies server-side encryption
            algorithm to use when Amazon S3 creates an object.
            Valid values: None | AES256

        :rtype: dict
        :return: A dictionary containing field names/values as well as
            a url to POST to

            .. code-block:: python


        """
        if fields is None:
            fields = []
        if conditions is None:
            conditions = []
        expiration = time.gmtime(int(time.time() + expires_in))

        # Generate policy document
        conditions.append('{"bucket": "%s"}' % bucket_name)
        if key.endswith("${filename}"):
            conditions.append('["starts-with", "$key", "%s"]' % key[:-len("${filename}")])
        else:
            conditions.append('{"key": "%s"}' % key)
        if acl:
            conditions.append('{"acl": "%s"}' % acl)
            fields.append({"name": "acl", "value": acl})
        if success_action_redirect:
            conditions.append('{"success_action_redirect": "%s"}' % success_action_redirect)
            fields.append({"name": "success_action_redirect", "value": success_action_redirect})
        if max_content_length:
            conditions.append('["content-length-range", 0, %i]' % max_content_length)

        if self.provider.security_token:
            fields.append({'name': 'x-amz-security-token',
                           'value': self.provider.security_token})
            conditions.append('{"x-amz-security-token": "%s"}' % self.provider.security_token)

        if storage_class:
            fields.append({'name': 'x-amz-storage-class',
                           'value': storage_class})
            conditions.append('{"x-amz-storage-class": "%s"}' % storage_class)

        if server_side_encryption:
            fields.append({'name': 'x-amz-server-side-encryption',
                           'value': server_side_encryption})
            conditions.append('{"x-amz-server-side-encryption": "%s"}' % server_side_encryption)

        policy = self.build_post_policy(expiration, conditions)

        # Add the base64-encoded policy document as the 'policy' field
        policy_b64 = base64.b64encode(policy)
        fields.append({"name": "policy", "value": policy_b64})

        # Add the AWS access key as the 'AWSAccessKeyId' field
        fields.append({"name": "AWSAccessKeyId",
                       "value": self.aws_access_key_id})

        # Add signature for encoded policy document as the
        # 'signature' field
        signature = self._auth_handler.sign_string(policy_b64)
        fields.append({"name": "signature", "value": signature})
        fields.append({"name": "key", "value": key})

        # HTTPS protocol will be used if the secure HTTP option is enabled.
        url = '%s://%s/' % (http_method,
                            self.calling_format.build_host(self.server_name(),
                                                           bucket_name))

        return {"action": url, "fields": fields}

    def generate_url_sigv4(self, expires_in, method, bucket='', key='',
                            headers=None, force_http=False,
                            response_headers=None, version_id=None,
                            iso_date=None):
        path = self.calling_format.build_path_base(bucket, key)
        auth_path = self.calling_format.build_auth_path(bucket, key)
        host = self.calling_format.build_host(self.server_name(), bucket)

        # For presigned URLs we should ignore the port if it's HTTPS
        if host.endswith(':443'):
            host = host[:-4]

        params = {}
        if version_id is not None:
            params['VersionId'] = version_id

        if response_headers is not None:
            params.update(response_headers)

        http_request = self.build_base_http_request(method, path, auth_path,
                                                    headers=headers, host=host,
                                                    params=params)

        return self._auth_handler.presign(http_request, expires_in,
                                          iso_date=iso_date)

    def generate_url(self, expires_in, method, bucket='', key='', headers=None,
                     query_auth=True, force_http=False, response_headers=None,
                     expires_in_absolute=False, version_id=None):
        if self._auth_handler.capability[0] == 'hmac-v4-s3' and query_auth:
            # Handle the special sigv4 case
            return self.generate_url_sigv4(expires_in, method, bucket=bucket,
                key=key, headers=headers, force_http=force_http,
                response_headers=response_headers, version_id=version_id)

        headers = headers or {}
        if expires_in_absolute:
            expires = int(expires_in)
        else:
            expires = int(time.time() + expires_in)
        auth_path = self.calling_format.build_auth_path(bucket, key)
        auth_path = self.get_path(auth_path)
        # optional version_id and response_headers need to be added to
        # the query param list.
        extra_qp = []
        if version_id is not None:
            extra_qp.append("versionId=%s" % version_id)
        if response_headers:
            for k, v in response_headers.items():
                extra_qp.append("%s=%s" % (k, urllib.parse.quote(v)))
        if self.provider.security_token:
            headers['x-amz-security-token'] = self.provider.security_token
        if extra_qp:
            delimiter = '?' if '?' not in auth_path else '&'
            auth_path += delimiter + '&'.join(extra_qp)
        self.calling_format.build_path_base(bucket, key)
        if query_auth and not self.anon:
            c_string = boto.utils.canonical_string(method, auth_path, headers,
                                                   expires, self.provider)
            b64_hmac = self._auth_handler.sign_string(c_string)
            encoded_canonical = urllib.parse.quote(b64_hmac, safe='')
            query_part = '?' + self.QueryString % (encoded_canonical, expires,
                                                   self.aws_access_key_id)
        else:
            query_part = ''
        if headers:
            hdr_prefix = self.provider.header_prefix
            for k, v in headers.items():
                if k.startswith(hdr_prefix):
                    # headers used for sig generation must be
                    # included in the url also.
                    extra_qp.append("%s=%s" % (k, urllib.parse.quote(v)))
        if extra_qp:
            delimiter = '?' if not query_part else '&'
            query_part += delimiter + '&'.join(extra_qp)
        if force_http:
            protocol = 'http'
            port = 80
        else:
            protocol = self.protocol
            port = self.port
        return self.calling_format.build_url_base(self, protocol,
                                                  self.server_name(port),
                                                  bucket, key) + query_part

    def get_all_buckets(self, headers=None):
        response = self.make_request('GET', headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status > 300:
            raise self.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        rs = ResultSet([('Bucket', self.bucket_class)])
        h = handler.XmlHandler(rs, self)
        if not isinstance(body, bytes):
            body = body.encode('utf-8')
        xml.sax.parseString(body, h)
        return rs

    def get_canonical_user_id(self, headers=None):
        """
        Convenience method that returns the "CanonicalUserID" of the
        user who's credentials are associated with the connection.
        The only way to get this value is to do a GET request on the
        service which returns all buckets associated with the account.
        As part of that response, the canonical userid is returned.
        This method simply does all of that and then returns just the
        user id.

        :rtype: string
        :return: A string containing the canonical user id.
        """
        rs = self.get_all_buckets(headers=headers)
        return rs.owner.id

    def get_bucket(self, bucket_name, validate=True, headers=None):
        """
        Retrieves a bucket by name.

        If the bucket does not exist, an ``S3ResponseError`` will be raised. If
        you are unsure if the bucket exists or not, you can use the
        ``S3Connection.lookup`` method, which will either return a valid bucket
        or ``None``.

        If ``validate=False`` is passed, no request is made to the service (no
        charge/communication delay). This is only safe to do if you are **sure**
        the bucket exists.

        If the default ``validate=True`` is passed, a request is made to the
        service to ensure the bucket exists. Prior to Boto v2.25.0, this fetched
        a list of keys (but with a max limit set to ``0``, always returning an empty
        list) in the bucket (& included better error messages), at an
        increased expense. As of Boto v2.25.0, this now performs a HEAD request
        (less expensive but worse error messages).

        If you were relying on parsing the error message before, you should call
        something like::

            bucket = conn.get_bucket('<bucket_name>', validate=False)
            bucket.get_all_keys(maxkeys=0)

        :type bucket_name: string
        :param bucket_name: The name of the bucket

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional headers to pass along with the request to
            AWS.

        :type validate: boolean
        :param validate: If ``True``, it will try to verify the bucket exists
            on the service-side. (Default: ``True``)
        """
        if validate:
            return self.head_bucket(bucket_name, headers=headers)
        else:
            return self.bucket_class(self, bucket_name)

    def head_bucket(self, bucket_name, headers=None):
        """
        Determines if a bucket exists by name.

        If the bucket does not exist, an ``S3ResponseError`` will be raised.

        :type bucket_name: string
        :param bucket_name: The name of the bucket

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional headers to pass along with the request to
            AWS.

        :returns: A <Bucket> object
        """
        response = self.make_request('HEAD', bucket_name, headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 200:
            return self.bucket_class(self, bucket_name)
        elif response.status == 403:
            # For backward-compatibility, we'll populate part of the exception
            # with the most-common default.
            err = self.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status,
                response.reason,
                body
            )
            err.error_code = 'AccessDenied'
            err.error_message = 'Access Denied'
            raise err
        elif response.status == 404:
            # For backward-compatibility, we'll populate part of the exception
            # with the most-common default.
            err = self.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status,
                response.reason,
                body
            )
            err.error_code = 'NoSuchBucket'
            err.error_message = 'The specified bucket does not exist'
            raise err
        else:
            raise self.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def lookup(self, bucket_name, validate=True, headers=None):
        """
        Attempts to get a bucket from S3.

        Works identically to ``S3Connection.get_bucket``, save for that it
        will return ``None`` if the bucket does not exist instead of throwing
        an exception.

        :type bucket_name: string
        :param bucket_name: The name of the bucket

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional headers to pass along with the request to
            AWS.

        :type validate: boolean
        :param validate: If ``True``, it will try to fetch all keys within the
            given bucket. (Default: ``True``)
        """
        try:
            bucket = self.get_bucket(bucket_name, validate, headers=headers)
        except:
            bucket = None
        return bucket

    def create_bucket(self, bucket_name, headers=None,
                      location=Location.DEFAULT, policy=None):
        """
        Creates a new located bucket. By default it's in the USA. You can pass
        Location.EU to create a European bucket (S3) or European Union bucket
        (GCS).

        :type bucket_name: string
        :param bucket_name: The name of the new bucket

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional headers to pass along with the request to AWS.

        :type location: str
        :param location: The location of the new bucket.  You can use one of the
            constants in :class:`boto.s3.connection.Location` (e.g. Location.EU,
            Location.USWest, etc.).

        :type policy: :class:`boto.s3.acl.CannedACLStrings`
        :param policy: A canned ACL policy that will be applied to the
            new key in S3.

        """
        check_lowercase_bucketname(bucket_name)

        if policy:
            if headers:
                headers[self.provider.acl_header] = policy
            else:
                headers = {self.provider.acl_header: policy}
        if location == Location.DEFAULT:
            data = ''
        else:
            data = '<CreateBucketConfiguration><LocationConstraint>' + \
                    location + '</LocationConstraint></CreateBucketConfiguration>'
        response = self.make_request('PUT', bucket_name, headers=headers,
                data=data)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status == 409:
            raise self.provider.storage_create_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)
        if response.status == 200:
            return self.bucket_class(self, bucket_name)
        else:
            raise self.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def delete_bucket(self, bucket, headers=None):
        """
        Removes an S3 bucket.

        In order to remove the bucket, it must first be empty. If the bucket is
        not empty, an ``S3ResponseError`` will be raised.

        :type bucket_name: string
        :param bucket_name: The name of the bucket

        :type headers: dict
        :param headers: Additional headers to pass along with the request to
            AWS.
        """
        response = self.make_request('DELETE', bucket, headers=headers)
        body = response.read()
        if response.status != 204:
            raise self.provider.storage_response_error(
                response.status, response.reason, body)

    def make_request(self, method, bucket='', key='', headers=None, data='',
                     query_args=None, sender=None, override_num_retries=None,
                     retry_handler=None):
        if isinstance(bucket, self.bucket_class):
            bucket = bucket.name
        if isinstance(key, Key):
            key = key.name
        path = self.calling_format.build_path_base(bucket, key)
        boto.log.debug('path=%s' % path)
        auth_path = self.calling_format.build_auth_path(bucket, key)
        boto.log.debug('auth_path=%s' % auth_path)
        host = self.calling_format.build_host(self.server_name(), bucket)
        if query_args:
            path += '?' + query_args
            boto.log.debug('path=%s' % path)
            auth_path += '?' + query_args
            boto.log.debug('auth_path=%s' % auth_path)
        return super(S3Connection, self).make_request(
            method, path, headers,
            data, host, auth_path, sender,
            override_num_retries=override_num_retries,
            retry_handler=retry_handler
        )