path: root/cloudinit/sources/DataSourceAzure.py

# vi: ts=4 expandtab
#
#    Copyright (C) 2013 Canonical Ltd.
#
#    Author: Scott Moser <scott.moser@canonical.com>
#
#    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3, as
#    published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import base64
import contextlib
import crypt
import fnmatch
import os
import os.path
import time
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

from xml.dom import minidom

from cloudinit.sources.helpers.azure import get_metadata_from_fabric

from cloudinit import log as logging
from cloudinit.settings import PER_ALWAYS
from cloudinit import sources
from cloudinit import util

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

DS_NAME = 'Azure'
DEFAULT_METADATA = {"instance-id": "iid-AZURE-NODE"}
AGENT_START = ['service', 'walinuxagent', 'start']
BOUNCE_COMMAND = [
    'sh', '-xc',
    "i=$interface; x=0; ifdown $i || x=$?; ifup $i || x=$?; exit $x"
]

BUILTIN_DS_CONFIG = {
    'agent_command': AGENT_START,
    'data_dir': "/var/lib/waagent",
    'set_hostname': True,
    'hostname_bounce': {
        'interface': 'eth0',
        'policy': True,
        'command': BOUNCE_COMMAND,
        'hostname_command': 'hostname',
    },
    'disk_aliases': {'ephemeral0': '/dev/sdb'},
}

BUILTIN_CLOUD_CONFIG = {
    'disk_setup': {
        'ephemeral0': {'table_type': 'gpt',
                       'layout': [100],
                       'overwrite': True},
    },
    'fs_setup': [{'filesystem': 'ext4',
                  'device': 'ephemeral0.1',
                  'replace_fs': 'ntfs'}],
}

DS_CFG_PATH = ['datasource', DS_NAME]
DEF_EPHEMERAL_LABEL = 'Temporary Storage'

# The redacted password fails to meet password complexity requirements
# so we can safely use this to mask/redact the password in the ovf-env.xml
DEF_PASSWD_REDACTION = 'REDACTED'


def get_hostname(hostname_command='hostname'):
    return util.subp(hostname_command, capture=True)[0].strip()


def set_hostname(hostname, hostname_command='hostname'):
    util.subp([hostname_command, hostname])


@contextlib.contextmanager
def temporary_hostname(temp_hostname, cfg, hostname_command='hostname'):
    """
    Set a temporary hostname, restoring the previous hostname on exit.

    Will have the value of the previous hostname when used as a context
    manager, or None if the hostname was not changed.
    """
    policy = cfg['hostname_bounce']['policy']
    previous_hostname = get_hostname(hostname_command)
    if (not util.is_true(cfg.get('set_hostname')) or
       util.is_false(policy) or
       (previous_hostname == temp_hostname and policy != 'force')):
        yield None
        return
    set_hostname(temp_hostname, hostname_command)
    try:
        yield previous_hostname
    finally:
        set_hostname(previous_hostname, hostname_command)


class DataSourceAzureNet(sources.DataSource):
    def __init__(self, sys_cfg, distro, paths):
        sources.DataSource.__init__(self, sys_cfg, distro, paths)
        self.seed_dir = os.path.join(paths.seed_dir, 'azure')
        self.cfg = {}
        self.seed = None
        self.ds_cfg = util.mergemanydict([
            util.get_cfg_by_path(sys_cfg, DS_CFG_PATH, {}),
            BUILTIN_DS_CONFIG])

    def __str__(self):
        root = sources.DataSource.__str__(self)
        return "%s [seed=%s]" % (root, self.seed)

    def get_metadata_from_agent(self):
        temp_hostname = self.metadata.get('local-hostname')
        hostname_command = self.ds_cfg['hostname_bounce']['hostname_command']
        with temporary_hostname(temp_hostname, self.ds_cfg,
                                hostname_command=hostname_command) \
                as previous_hostname:
            if (previous_hostname is not None and
               util.is_true(self.ds_cfg.get('set_hostname'))):
                cfg = self.ds_cfg['hostname_bounce']
                try:
                    perform_hostname_bounce(hostname=temp_hostname,
                                            cfg=cfg,
                                            prev_hostname=previous_hostname)
                except Exception as e:
                    LOG.warn("Failed publishing hostname: %s", e)
                    util.logexc(LOG, "handling set_hostname failed")

            try:
                invoke_agent(self.ds_cfg['agent_command'])
            except util.ProcessExecutionError:
                # claim the datasource even if the command failed
                util.logexc(LOG, "agent command '%s' failed.",
                            self.ds_cfg['agent_command'])

            ddir = self.ds_cfg['data_dir']

            fp_files = []
            key_value = None
            for pk in self.cfg.get('_pubkeys', []):
                if pk.get('value', None):
                    key_value = pk['value']
                    LOG.debug("ssh authentication: using value from fabric")
                else:
                    bname = str(pk['fingerprint'] + ".crt")
                    fp_files += [os.path.join(ddir, bname)]
                    LOG.debug("ssh authentication: "
                              "using fingerprint from fabirc")

            missing = util.log_time(logfunc=LOG.debug, msg="waiting for files",
                                    func=wait_for_files,
                                    args=(fp_files,))
        if len(missing):
            LOG.warn("Did not find files, but going on: %s", missing)

        metadata = {}
        metadata['public-keys'] = key_value or pubkeys_from_crt_files(fp_files)
        return metadata

    def get_data(self):
        # azure removes/ejects the cdrom containing the ovf-env.xml
        # file on reboot.  So, in order to successfully reboot we
        # need to look in the datadir and consider that valid
        ddir = self.ds_cfg['data_dir']

        candidates = [self.seed_dir]
        candidates.extend(list_possible_azure_ds_devs())
        if ddir:
            candidates.append(ddir)

        found = None

        for cdev in candidates:
            try:
                if cdev.startswith("/dev/"):
                    ret = util.mount_cb(cdev, load_azure_ds_dir)
                else:
                    ret = load_azure_ds_dir(cdev)

            except NonAzureDataSource:
                continue
            except BrokenAzureDataSource as exc:
                raise exc
            except util.MountFailedError:
                LOG.warn("%s was not mountable", cdev)
                continue

            (md, self.userdata_raw, cfg, files) = ret
            self.seed = cdev
            self.metadata = util.mergemanydict([md, DEFAULT_METADATA])
            self.cfg = util.mergemanydict([cfg, BUILTIN_CLOUD_CONFIG])
            found = cdev

            LOG.debug("found datasource in %s", cdev)
            break

        if not found:
            return False

        if found == ddir:
            LOG.debug("using files cached in %s", ddir)

        # azure / hyper-v provides random data here
        seed = util.load_file("/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/OEM0",
                              quiet=True, decode=False)
        if seed:
            self.metadata['random_seed'] = seed

        # now update ds_cfg to reflect contents pass in config
        user_ds_cfg = util.get_cfg_by_path(self.cfg, DS_CFG_PATH, {})
        self.ds_cfg = util.mergemanydict([user_ds_cfg, self.ds_cfg])

        # walinux agent writes files world readable, but expects
        # the directory to be protected.
        write_files(ddir, files, dirmode=0o700)

        if self.ds_cfg['agent_command'] == '__builtin__':
            metadata_func = get_metadata_from_fabric
        else:
            metadata_func = self.get_metadata_from_agent
        try:
            fabric_data = metadata_func()
        except Exception as exc:
            LOG.info("Error communicating with Azure fabric; assume we aren't"
                     " on Azure.", exc_info=True)
            return False

        self.metadata['instance-id'] = util.read_dmi_data('system-uuid')
        self.metadata.update(fabric_data)

        found_ephemeral = find_fabric_formatted_ephemeral_disk()
        if found_ephemeral:
            self.ds_cfg['disk_aliases']['ephemeral0'] = found_ephemeral
            LOG.debug("using detected ephemeral0 of %s", found_ephemeral)

        cc_modules_override = support_new_ephemeral(self.sys_cfg)
        if cc_modules_override:
            self.cfg['cloud_config_modules'] = cc_modules_override

        return True

    def device_name_to_device(self, name):
        return self.ds_cfg['disk_aliases'].get(name)

    def get_config_obj(self):
        return self.cfg

    def check_instance_id(self, sys_cfg):
        # quickly (local check only) if self.instance_id is still valid
        return sources.instance_id_matches_system_uuid(self.get_instance_id())


def count_files(mp):
    return len(fnmatch.filter(os.listdir(mp), '*[!cdrom]*'))


def find_fabric_formatted_ephemeral_part():
    """
    Locate the first fabric formatted ephemeral device.
    """
    potential_locations = ['/dev/disk/cloud/azure_resource-part1',
                           '/dev/disk/azure/resource-part1']
    device_location = None
    for potential_location in potential_locations:
        if os.path.exists(potential_location):
            device_location = potential_location
            break
    if device_location is None:
        return None
    ntfs_devices = util.find_devs_with("TYPE=ntfs")
    real_device = os.path.realpath(device_location)
    if real_device in ntfs_devices:
        return device_location
    return None


def find_fabric_formatted_ephemeral_disk():
    """
    Get the ephemeral disk.
    """
    part_dev = find_fabric_formatted_ephemeral_part()
    if part_dev:
        return part_dev.split('-')[0]
    return None


def support_new_ephemeral(cfg):
    """
    Windows Azure makes ephemeral devices ephemeral to boot; a ephemeral device
    may be presented as a fresh device, or not.

    Since the knowledge of when a disk is supposed to be plowed under is
    specific to Windows Azure, the logic resides here in the datasource. When a
    new ephemeral device is detected, cloud-init overrides the default
    frequency for both disk-setup and mounts for the current boot only.
    """
    device = find_fabric_formatted_ephemeral_part()
    if not device:
        LOG.debug("no default fabric formated ephemeral0.1 found")
        return None
    LOG.debug("fabric formated ephemeral0.1 device at %s", device)

    file_count = 0
    try:
        file_count = util.mount_cb(device, count_files)
    except Exception:
        return None
    LOG.debug("fabric prepared ephmeral0.1 has %s files on it", file_count)

    if file_count >= 1:
        LOG.debug("fabric prepared ephemeral0.1 will be preserved")
        return None
    else:
        # if device was already mounted, then we need to unmount it
        # race conditions could allow for a check-then-unmount
        # to have a false positive. so just unmount and then check.
        try:
            util.subp(['umount', device])
        except util.ProcessExecutionError as e:
            if device in util.mounts():
                LOG.warn("Failed to unmount %s, will not reformat.", device)
                LOG.debug("Failed umount: %s", e)
                return None

    LOG.debug("cloud-init will format ephemeral0.1 this boot.")
    LOG.debug("setting disk_setup and mounts modules 'always' for this boot")

    cc_modules = cfg.get('cloud_config_modules')
    if not cc_modules:
        return None

    mod_list = []
    for mod in cc_modules:
        if mod in ("disk_setup", "mounts"):
            mod_list.append([mod, PER_ALWAYS])
            LOG.debug("set module '%s' to 'always' for this boot", mod)
        else:
            mod_list.append(mod)
    return mod_list


def perform_hostname_bounce(hostname, cfg, prev_hostname):
    # set the hostname to 'hostname' if it is not already set to that.
    # then, if policy is not off, bounce the interface using command
    command = cfg['command']
    interface = cfg['interface']
    policy = cfg['policy']

    msg = ("hostname=%s policy=%s interface=%s" %
           (hostname, policy, interface))
    env = os.environ.copy()
    env['interface'] = interface
    env['hostname'] = hostname
    env['old_hostname'] = prev_hostname

    if command == "builtin":
        command = BOUNCE_COMMAND

    LOG.debug("pubhname: publishing hostname [%s]", msg)
    shell = not isinstance(command, (list, tuple))
    # capture=False, see comments in bug 1202758 and bug 1206164.
    util.log_time(logfunc=LOG.debug, msg="publishing hostname",
                  get_uptime=True, func=util.subp,
                  kwargs={'args': command, 'shell': shell, 'capture': False,
                          'env': env})


def crtfile_to_pubkey(fname, data=None):
    pipeline = ('openssl x509 -noout -pubkey < "$0" |'
                'ssh-keygen -i -m PKCS8 -f /dev/stdin')
    (out, _err) = util.subp(['sh', '-c', pipeline, fname],
                            capture=True, data=data)
    return out.rstrip()


def pubkeys_from_crt_files(flist):
    pubkeys = []
    errors = []
    for fname in flist:
        try:
            pubkeys.append(crtfile_to_pubkey(fname))
        except util.ProcessExecutionError:
            errors.append(fname)

    if errors:
        LOG.warn("failed to convert the crt files to pubkey: %s", errors)

    return pubkeys


def wait_for_files(flist, maxwait=60, naplen=.5):
    need = set(flist)
    waited = 0
    while waited < maxwait:
        need -= set([f for f in need if os.path.exists(f)])
        if len(need) == 0:
            return []
        time.sleep(naplen)
        waited += naplen
    return need


def write_files(datadir, files, dirmode=None):

    def _redact_password(cnt, fname):
        """Azure provides the UserPassword in plain text. So we redact it"""
        try:
            root = ET.fromstring(cnt)
            for elem in root.iter():
                if ('UserPassword' in elem.tag and
                   elem.text != DEF_PASSWD_REDACTION):
                    elem.text = DEF_PASSWD_REDACTION
            return ET.tostring(root)
        except Exception:
            LOG.critical("failed to redact userpassword in %s", fname)
            return cnt

    if not datadir:
        return
    if not files:
        files = {}
    util.ensure_dir(datadir, dirmode)
    for (name, content) in files.items():
        fname = os.path.join(datadir, name)
        if 'ovf-env.xml' in name:
            content = _redact_password(content, fname)
        util.write_file(filename=fname, content=content, mode=0o600)


def invoke_agent(cmd):
    # this is a function itself to simplify patching it for test
    if cmd:
        LOG.debug("invoking agent: %s", cmd)
        util.subp(cmd, shell=(not isinstance(cmd, list)))
    else:
        LOG.debug("not invoking agent")


def find_child(node, filter_func):
    ret = []
    if not node.hasChildNodes():
        return ret
    for child in node.childNodes:
        if filter_func(child):
            ret.append(child)
    return ret


def load_azure_ovf_pubkeys(sshnode):
    # This parses a 'SSH' node formatted like below, and returns
    # an array of dicts.
    #  [{'fp': '6BE7A7C3C8A8F4B123CCA5D0C2F1BE4CA7B63ED7',
    #    'path': 'where/to/go'}]
    #
    # <SSH><PublicKeys>
    #   <PublicKey><Fingerprint>ABC</FingerPrint><Path>/ABC</Path>
    #   ...
    # </PublicKeys></SSH>
    results = find_child(sshnode, lambda n: n.localName == "PublicKeys")
    if len(results) == 0:
        return []
    if len(results) > 1:
        raise BrokenAzureDataSource("Multiple 'PublicKeys'(%s) in SSH node" %
                                    len(results))

    pubkeys_node = results[0]
    pubkeys = find_child(pubkeys_node, lambda n: n.localName == "PublicKey")

    if len(pubkeys) == 0:
        return []

    found = []
    text_node = minidom.Document.TEXT_NODE

    for pk_node in pubkeys:
        if not pk_node.hasChildNodes():
            continue

        cur = {'fingerprint': "", 'path': "", 'value': ""}
        for child in pk_node.childNodes:
            if child.nodeType == text_node or not child.localName:
                continue

            name = child.localName.lower()

            if name not in cur.keys():
                continue

            if (len(child.childNodes) != 1 or
                    child.childNodes[0].nodeType != text_node):
                continue

            cur[name] = child.childNodes[0].wholeText.strip()
        found.append(cur)

    return found


def read_azure_ovf(contents):
    try:
        dom = minidom.parseString(contents)
    except Exception as e:
        raise BrokenAzureDataSource("invalid xml: %s" % e)

    results = find_child(dom.documentElement,
                         lambda n: n.localName == "ProvisioningSection")

    if len(results) == 0:
        raise NonAzureDataSource("No ProvisioningSection")
    if len(results) > 1:
        raise BrokenAzureDataSource("found '%d' ProvisioningSection items" %
                                    len(results))
    provSection = results[0]

    lpcs_nodes = find_child(provSection,
                            lambda n:
                            n.localName == "LinuxProvisioningConfigurationSet")

    if len(results) == 0:
        raise NonAzureDataSource("No LinuxProvisioningConfigurationSet")
    if len(results) > 1:
        raise BrokenAzureDataSource("found '%d' %ss" %
                                    ("LinuxProvisioningConfigurationSet",
                                     len(results)))
    lpcs = lpcs_nodes[0]

    if not lpcs.hasChildNodes():
        raise BrokenAzureDataSource("no child nodes of configuration set")

    md_props = 'seedfrom'
    md = {'azure_data': {}}
    cfg = {}
    ud = ""
    password = None
    username = None

    for child in lpcs.childNodes:
        if child.nodeType == dom.TEXT_NODE or not child.localName:
            continue

        name = child.localName.lower()

        simple = False
        value = ""
        if (len(child.childNodes) == 1 and
                child.childNodes[0].nodeType == dom.TEXT_NODE):
            simple = True
            value = child.childNodes[0].wholeText

        attrs = dict([(k, v) for k, v in child.attributes.items()])

        # we accept either UserData or CustomData.  If both are present
        # then behavior is undefined.
        if name == "userdata" or name == "customdata":
            if attrs.get('encoding') in (None, "base64"):
                ud = base64.b64decode(''.join(value.split()))
            else:
                ud = value
        elif name == "username":
            username = value
        elif name == "userpassword":
            password = value
        elif name == "hostname":
            md['local-hostname'] = value
        elif name == "dscfg":
            if attrs.get('encoding') in (None, "base64"):
                dscfg = base64.b64decode(''.join(value.split()))
            else:
                dscfg = value
            cfg['datasource'] = {DS_NAME: util.load_yaml(dscfg, default={})}
        elif name == "ssh":
            cfg['_pubkeys'] = load_azure_ovf_pubkeys(child)
        elif name == "disablesshpasswordauthentication":
            cfg['ssh_pwauth'] = util.is_false(value)
        elif simple:
            if name in md_props:
                md[name] = value
            else:
                md['azure_data'][name] = value

    defuser = {}
    if username:
        defuser['name'] = username
    if password and DEF_PASSWD_REDACTION != password:
        defuser['passwd'] = encrypt_pass(password)
        defuser['lock_passwd'] = False

    if defuser:
        cfg['system_info'] = {'default_user': defuser}

    if 'ssh_pwauth' not in cfg and password:
        cfg['ssh_pwauth'] = True

    return (md, ud, cfg)


def encrypt_pass(password, salt_id="$6$"):
    return crypt.crypt(password, salt_id + util.rand_str(strlen=16))


def list_possible_azure_ds_devs():
    # return a sorted list of devices that might have a azure datasource
    devlist = []
    for fstype in ("iso9660", "udf"):
        devlist.extend(util.find_devs_with("TYPE=%s" % fstype))

    devlist.sort(reverse=True)
    return devlist


def load_azure_ds_dir(source_dir):
    ovf_file = os.path.join(source_dir, "ovf-env.xml")

    if not os.path.isfile(ovf_file):
        raise NonAzureDataSource("No ovf-env file found")

    with open(ovf_file, "rb") as fp:
        contents = fp.read()

    md, ud, cfg = read_azure_ovf(contents)
    return (md, ud, cfg, {'ovf-env.xml': contents})


class BrokenAzureDataSource(Exception):
    pass


class NonAzureDataSource(Exception):
    pass


# Used to match classes to dependencies
datasources = [
    (DataSourceAzureNet, (sources.DEP_FILESYSTEM, sources.DEP_NETWORK)),
]


# Return a list of data sources that match this set of dependencies
def get_datasource_list(depends):
    return sources.list_from_depends(depends, datasources)