16 files changed, 121 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/Help/manual/cmake-policies.7.rst b/Help/manual/cmake-policies.7.rst
index 811547baa1..a37a45c8c5 100644
--- a/Help/manual/cmake-policies.7.rst
+++ b/Help/manual/cmake-policies.7.rst
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ Policies Introduced by CMake 3.27
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
 
+   CMP0147: Visual Studio generators build custom commands in parallel. </policy/CMP0147>
    CMP0146: The FindCUDA module is removed. </policy/CMP0146>
    CMP0145: The Dart and FindDart modules are removed. </policy/CMP0145>
    CMP0144: find_package uses upper-case PACKAGENAME_ROOT variables. </policy/CMP0144>
diff --git a/Help/policy/CMP0147.rst b/Help/policy/CMP0147.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f25096633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Help/policy/CMP0147.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+CMP0147
+-------
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.27
+
+:ref:`Visual Studio Generators` build custom commands in parallel.
+
+Visual Studio 15.8 (2017) and newer support building custom commands in
+parallel.  CMake 3.27 and above prefer to enable this behavior by adding
+a ``BuildInParallel`` setting to custom commands in ``.vcxproj`` files.
+This policy provides compatibility for projects that have not been updated
+to expect this, e.g., because their custom commands were accidentally
+relying on serial execution by MSBuild.
+
+The ``OLD`` behavior for this policy is to not add ``BuildInParallel``.
+The ``NEW`` behavior for this policy is to add ``BuildInParallel`` for
+VS 15.8 and newer.
+
+This policy was introduced in CMake version 3.27.  Use the
+:command:`cmake_policy` command to set it to ``OLD`` or ``NEW`` explicitly.
+Unlike many policies, CMake version |release| does *not* warn
+when this policy is not set and simply uses ``OLD`` behavior.
+
+.. include:: DEPRECATED.txt
diff --git a/Help/release/dev/vs-BuildInParallel.rst b/Help/release/dev/vs-BuildInParallel.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef344c7135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Help/release/dev/vs-BuildInParallel.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+vs-BuildInParallel
+------------------
+
+* :ref:`Visual Studio Generators`, for VS 15.8 (2017) and newer, now
+  build custom commands in parallel.  See policy :policy:`CMP0147`.
diff --git a/Modules/FindCUDA.cmake b/Modules/FindCUDA.cmake
index c2ec82eb5a..f65bb7321e 100644
--- a/Modules/FindCUDA.cmake
+++ b/Modules/FindCUDA.cmake
@@ -565,6 +565,13 @@ if(_FindCUDA_CMP0146 STREQUAL "NEW")
   message(FATAL_ERROR "The FindCUDA module has been removed by policy CMP0146.")
 endif()
 
+if(CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "Visual Studio")
+  cmake_policy(GET CMP0147 _FindCUDA_CMP0147)
+  if(_FindCUDA_CMP0147 STREQUAL "NEW")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "The FindCUDA module does not work in Visual Studio with policy CMP0147.")
+  endif()
+endif()
+
 if(_FindCUDA_testing)
   set(_FindCUDA_included TRUE)
   return()
diff --git a/Source/cmPolicies.h b/Source/cmPolicies.h
index 06ac21ea21..52993b8708 100644
--- a/Source/cmPolicies.h
+++ b/Source/cmPolicies.h
@@ -441,7 +441,10 @@ class cmMakefile;
   SELECT(POLICY, CMP0145, "The Dart and FindDart modules are removed.", 3,    \
          27, 0, cmPolicies::WARN)                                             \
   SELECT(POLICY, CMP0146, "The FindCUDA module is removed.", 3, 27, 0,        \
-         cmPolicies::WARN)
+         cmPolicies::WARN)                                                    \
+  SELECT(POLICY, CMP0147,                                                     \
+         "Visual Studio generators build custom commands in parallel.", 3,    \
+         27, 0, cmPolicies::WARN)
 
 #define CM_SELECT_ID(F, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6) F(A1)
 #define CM_FOR_EACH_POLICY_ID(POLICY)                                         \
@@ -481,7 +484,9 @@ class cmMakefile;
   F(CMP0131)                                                                  \
   F(CMP0142)
 
-#define CM_FOR_EACH_CUSTOM_COMMAND_POLICY(F) F(CMP0116)
+#define CM_FOR_EACH_CUSTOM_COMMAND_POLICY(F)                                  \
+  F(CMP0116)                                                                  \
+  F(CMP0147)
 
 /** \class cmPolicies
  * \brief Handles changes in CMake behavior and policies
diff --git a/Source/cmVisualStudio10TargetGenerator.cxx b/Source/cmVisualStudio10TargetGenerator.cxx
index a669152b24..ef0fcf3162 100644
--- a/Source/cmVisualStudio10TargetGenerator.cxx
+++ b/Source/cmVisualStudio10TargetGenerator.cxx
@@ -1810,10 +1810,15 @@ void cmVisualStudio10TargetGenerator::WriteCustomRule(
       this->WriteCustomRuleCSharp(e0, c, name, script, additional_inputs.str(),
                                   outputs.str(), comment, ccg);
     } else {
-      // FIXME(#18405): Enable BuildInParallel::Yes via an option or policy.
+      BuildInParallel buildInParallel = BuildInParallel::No;
+      if (command.GetCMP0147Status() == cmPolicies::NEW &&
+          !command.GetUsesTerminal() &&
+          !(command.HasMainDependency() && source->GetIsGenerated())) {
+        buildInParallel = BuildInParallel::Yes;
+      }
       this->WriteCustomRuleCpp(*spe2, c, script, additional_inputs.str(),
                                outputs.str(), comment, ccg, symbolic,
-                               BuildInParallel::No);
+                               buildInParallel);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/CustomCommandParallel-check.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/CustomCommandParallel-check.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87e2f704d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/CustomCommandParallel-check.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+set(vcProjectFile "${RunCMake_TEST_BINARY_DIR}/foo.vcxproj")
+if(NOT EXISTS "${vcProjectFile}")
+  set(RunCMake_TEST_FAILED "Project file ${vcProjectFile} does not exist.")
+  return()
+endif()
+
+set(found_CustomBuild_cmp0147_new 0)
+set(found_CustomBuild_cmp0147_old 0)
+set(found_BuildInParallel_cmp0147_new 0)
+set(found_BuildInParallel_cmp0147_old 0)
+set(in_CustomBuild_cmp0147 "")
+file(STRINGS "${vcProjectFile}" lines)
+foreach(line IN LISTS lines)
+  if(line MATCHES [[<CustomBuild Include=".*\\cmp0147-old\.txt\.rule">]])
+    set(found_CustomBuild_cmp0147_old 1)
+    set(in_CustomBuild_cmp0147 "old")
+  endif()
+  if(line MATCHES [[<CustomBuild Include=".*\\cmp0147-new\.txt\.rule">]])
+    set(found_CustomBuild_cmp0147_new 1)
+    set(in_CustomBuild_cmp0147 "new")
+  endif()
+  if(line MATCHES [[</CustomBuild>]])
+    set(in_CustomBuild_cmp0147 "")
+  endif()
+  if(line MATCHES [[<BuildInParallel .*>true</BuildInParallel>]] AND in_CustomBuild_cmp0147)
+    set(found_BuildInParallel_cmp0147_${in_CustomBuild_cmp0147} 1)
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+if(NOT found_CustomBuild_cmp0147_new)
+  string(APPEND RunCMake_TEST_FAILED "CustomBuild for cmp0147-new.txt.rule not found in\n  ${vcProjectFile}\n")
+endif()
+if(NOT found_CustomBuild_cmp0147_old)
+  string(APPEND RunCMake_TEST_FAILED "CustomBuild for cmp0147-old.txt.rule not found in\n  ${vcProjectFile}\n")
+endif()
+if(NOT found_BuildInParallel_cmp0147_new)
+  string(APPEND RunCMake_TEST_FAILED "BuildInParallel for cmp0147-new.txt.rule not found in\n  ${vcProjectFile}\n")
+endif()
+if(found_BuildInParallel_cmp0147_old)
+  string(APPEND RunCMake_TEST_FAILED "BuildInParallel for cmp0147-old.txt.rule incorrectly found in\n  ${vcProjectFile}\n")
+endif()
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/CustomCommandParallel.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/CustomCommandParallel.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..784fc685b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/CustomCommandParallel.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+cmake_policy(VERSION 3.26) # CMP0147 left unset
+add_custom_command(OUTPUT "cmp0147-old.txt" COMMAND echo)
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0147 NEW)
+add_custom_command(OUTPUT "cmp0147-new.txt" COMMAND echo)
+add_custom_target(foo DEPENDS "cmp0147-old.txt" "cmp0147-new.txt")
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/RunCMakeTest.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/RunCMakeTest.cmake
index ed74896370..669049a737 100644
--- a/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/RunCMakeTest.cmake
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/VS10Project/RunCMakeTest.cmake
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC" AND CMAKE_C_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREA
 endif()
 
 run_cmake(CustomCommandGenex)
+if(NOT RunCMake_GENERATOR MATCHES "^Visual Studio 1[1-5] ")
+  run_cmake(CustomCommandParallel)
+endif()
 run_cmake(VsCsharpSourceGroup)
 run_cmake(VsCSharpCompilerOpts)
 run_cmake(ExplicitCMakeLists)
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW-result.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW-result.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d00491fd7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW-result.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW-stderr.txt b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW-stderr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1caf6c592e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW-stderr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+^CMake Error at [^
+]*/Modules/FindCUDA.cmake:[0-9]+ \(message\):
+  The FindCUDA module does not work in Visual Studio with policy CMP0147\.
+Call Stack \(most recent call first\):
+  CMP0147-common\.cmake:[0-9]+ \(find_package\)
+  CMP0147-NEW\.cmake:[0-9]+ \(include\)
+  CMakeLists\.txt:[0-9]+ \(include\)$
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ca5b6c999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-NEW.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0147 NEW)
+include(CMP0147-common.cmake)
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-OLD.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-OLD.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61ecee5106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-OLD.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0147 OLD)
+include(CMP0147-common.cmake)
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-WARN.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-WARN.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5f3e91db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-WARN.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# leave CMP0147 unset
+include(CMP0147-common.cmake)
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-common.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-common.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68a86eedab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/CMP0147-common.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0146 OLD)
+set(_FindCUDA_testing TRUE)
+find_package(CUDA MODULE)
diff --git a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/RunCMakeTest.cmake b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/RunCMakeTest.cmake
index 924aa66578..26eb908f0d 100644
--- a/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/RunCMakeTest.cmake
+++ b/Tests/RunCMake/find_package/RunCMakeTest.cmake
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ run_cmake(CMP0145-NEW)
 run_cmake(CMP0146-OLD)
 run_cmake(CMP0146-WARN)
 run_cmake(CMP0146-NEW)
+if(RunCMake_GENERATOR MATCHES "Visual Studio")
+  run_cmake(CMP0147-OLD)
+  run_cmake(CMP0147-WARN)
+  run_cmake(CMP0147-NEW)
+endif()
 run_cmake(WrongVersionRange)
 run_cmake(EmptyVersionRange)
 run_cmake(VersionRangeWithEXACT)