Added tests for issue #20501.

327 files changed, 41932 insertions, 6621 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/test/__main__.py b/Lib/test/__main__.py
index ce5615b889..d5fbe159d7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/__main__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/__main__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,3 @@
-from test import regrtest, support
+from test import regrtest
 
-
-TEMPDIR, TESTCWD = regrtest._make_temp_dir_for_build(regrtest.TEMPDIR)
-regrtest.TEMPDIR = TEMPDIR
-regrtest.TESTCWD = TESTCWD
-
-# Run the tests in a context manager that temporary changes the CWD to a
-# temporary and writable directory. If it's not possible to create or
-# change the CWD, the original CWD will be used. The original CWD is
-# available from support.SAVEDCWD.
-with support.temp_cwd(TESTCWD, quiet=True):
-    regrtest.main()
+regrtest.main_in_temp_cwd()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing.py b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
index aa66db4b7e..8eb57fe87e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ from multiprocessing import util
 
 try:
     from multiprocessing import reduction
-    HAS_REDUCTION = True
+    HAS_REDUCTION = reduction.HAVE_SEND_HANDLE
 except ImportError:
     HAS_REDUCTION = False
 
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ try:
 except:
     MAXFD = 256
 
+# To speed up tests when using the forkserver, we can preload these:
+PRELOAD = ['__main__', 'test.test_multiprocessing_forkserver']
+
 #
 # Some tests require ctypes
 #
@@ -292,17 +295,22 @@ class _TestProcess(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertTimingAlmostEqual(join.elapsed, 0.0)
         self.assertEqual(p.is_alive(), True)
 
+        # XXX maybe terminating too soon causes the problems on Gentoo...
+        time.sleep(1)
+
         p.terminate()
 
         if hasattr(signal, 'alarm'):
+            # On the Gentoo buildbot waitpid() often seems to block forever.
+            # We use alarm() to interrupt it if it blocks for too long.
             def handler(*args):
                 raise RuntimeError('join took too long: %s' % p)
             old_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handler)
             try:
                 signal.alarm(10)
                 self.assertEqual(join(), None)
-                signal.alarm(0)
             finally:
+                signal.alarm(0)
                 signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, old_handler)
         else:
             self.assertEqual(join(), None)
@@ -340,7 +348,6 @@ class _TestProcess(BaseTestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def _test_recursion(cls, wconn, id):
-        from multiprocessing import forking
         wconn.send(id)
         if len(id) < 2:
             for i in range(2):
@@ -388,7 +395,7 @@ class _TestProcess(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(wait_for_handle(sentinel, timeout=0.0))
         event.set()
         p.join()
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_handle(sentinel, timeout=DELTA))
+        self.assertTrue(wait_for_handle(sentinel, timeout=1))
 
 #
 #
@@ -688,9 +695,6 @@ class _TestQueue(BaseTestCase):
     def test_task_done(self):
         queue = self.JoinableQueue()
 
-        if sys.version_info < (2, 5) and not hasattr(queue, 'task_done'):
-            self.skipTest("requires 'queue.task_done()' method")
-
         workers = [self.Process(target=self._test_task_done, args=(queue,))
                    for i in range(4)]
 
@@ -1777,6 +1781,35 @@ class _TestPool(BaseTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(r.get(), expected)
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.map_async, sqr, L)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _test_traceback(cls):
+        raise RuntimeError(123) # some comment
+
+    def test_traceback(self):
+        # We want ensure that the traceback from the child process is
+        # contained in the traceback raised in the main process.
+        if self.TYPE == 'processes':
+            with self.Pool(1) as p:
+                try:
+                    p.apply(self._test_traceback)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    exc = e
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError('expected RuntimeError')
+            self.assertIs(type(exc), RuntimeError)
+            self.assertEqual(exc.args, (123,))
+            cause = exc.__cause__
+            self.assertIs(type(cause), multiprocessing.pool.RemoteTraceback)
+            self.assertIn('raise RuntimeError(123) # some comment', cause.tb)
+
+            with test.support.captured_stderr() as f1:
+                try:
+                    raise exc
+                except RuntimeError:
+                    sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
+            self.assertIn('raise RuntimeError(123) # some comment',
+                          f1.getvalue())
+
 def raising():
     raise KeyError("key")
 
@@ -2484,7 +2517,7 @@ class _TestPicklingConnections(BaseTestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
-        from multiprocessing.reduction import resource_sharer
+        from multiprocessing import resource_sharer
         resource_sharer.stop(timeout=5)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -2798,30 +2831,40 @@ class _TestFinalize(BaseTestCase):
 # Test that from ... import * works for each module
 #
 
-class _TestImportStar(BaseTestCase):
+class _TestImportStar(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    ALLOWED_TYPES = ('processes',)
+    def get_module_names(self):
+        import glob
+        folder = os.path.dirname(multiprocessing.__file__)
+        pattern = os.path.join(folder, '*.py')
+        files = glob.glob(pattern)
+        modules = [os.path.splitext(os.path.split(f)[1])[0] for f in files]
+        modules = ['multiprocessing.' + m for m in modules]
+        modules.remove('multiprocessing.__init__')
+        modules.append('multiprocessing')
+        return modules
 
     def test_import(self):
-        modules = [
-            'multiprocessing', 'multiprocessing.connection',
-            'multiprocessing.heap', 'multiprocessing.managers',
-            'multiprocessing.pool', 'multiprocessing.process',
-            'multiprocessing.synchronize', 'multiprocessing.util'
-            ]
-
-        if HAS_REDUCTION:
-            modules.append('multiprocessing.reduction')
+        modules = self.get_module_names()
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            modules.remove('multiprocessing.popen_fork')
+            modules.remove('multiprocessing.popen_forkserver')
+            modules.remove('multiprocessing.popen_spawn_posix')
+        else:
+            modules.remove('multiprocessing.popen_spawn_win32')
+            if not HAS_REDUCTION:
+                modules.remove('multiprocessing.popen_forkserver')
 
-        if c_int is not None:
+        if c_int is None:
             # This module requires _ctypes
-            modules.append('multiprocessing.sharedctypes')
+            modules.remove('multiprocessing.sharedctypes')
 
         for name in modules:
             __import__(name)
             mod = sys.modules[name]
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(mod, '__all__'), name)
 
-            for attr in getattr(mod, '__all__', ()):
+            for attr in mod.__all__:
                 self.assertTrue(
                     hasattr(mod, attr),
                     '%r does not have attribute %r' % (mod, attr)
@@ -2904,7 +2947,7 @@ class _TestPollEintr(BaseTestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def _killer(cls, pid):
-        time.sleep(0.5)
+        time.sleep(0.1)
         os.kill(pid, signal.SIGUSR1)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGUSR1'), 'requires SIGUSR1')
@@ -2917,12 +2960,14 @@ class _TestPollEintr(BaseTestCase):
         try:
             killer = self.Process(target=self._killer, args=(pid,))
             killer.start()
-            p = self.Process(target=time.sleep, args=(1,))
-            p.start()
-            p.join()
+            try:
+                p = self.Process(target=time.sleep, args=(2,))
+                p.start()
+                p.join()
+            finally:
+                killer.join()
             self.assertTrue(got_signal[0])
             self.assertEqual(p.exitcode, 0)
-            killer.join()
         finally:
             signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, oldhandler)
 
@@ -2935,8 +2980,11 @@ class TestInvalidHandle(unittest.TestCase):
     @unittest.skipIf(WIN32, "skipped on Windows")
     def test_invalid_handles(self):
         conn = multiprocessing.connection.Connection(44977608)
+        # check that poll() doesn't crash
         try:
-            self.assertRaises((ValueError, OSError), conn.poll)
+            conn.poll()
+        except (ValueError, OSError):
+            pass
         finally:
             # Hack private attribute _handle to avoid printing an error
             # in conn.__del__
@@ -2944,131 +2992,6 @@ class TestInvalidHandle(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises((ValueError, OSError),
                           multiprocessing.connection.Connection, -1)
 
-#
-# Functions used to create test cases from the base ones in this module
-#
-
-def create_test_cases(Mixin, type):
-    result = {}
-    glob = globals()
-    Type = type.capitalize()
-    ALL_TYPES = {'processes', 'threads', 'manager'}
-
-    for name in list(glob.keys()):
-        if name.startswith('_Test'):
-            base = glob[name]
-            assert set(base.ALLOWED_TYPES) <= ALL_TYPES, set(base.ALLOWED_TYPES)
-            if type in base.ALLOWED_TYPES:
-                newname = 'With' + Type + name[1:]
-                class Temp(base, Mixin, unittest.TestCase):
-                    pass
-                result[newname] = Temp
-                Temp.__name__ = Temp.__qualname__ = newname
-                Temp.__module__ = Mixin.__module__
-    return result
-
-#
-# Create test cases
-#
-
-class ProcessesMixin(object):
-    TYPE = 'processes'
-    Process = multiprocessing.Process
-    connection = multiprocessing.connection
-    current_process = staticmethod(multiprocessing.current_process)
-    active_children = staticmethod(multiprocessing.active_children)
-    Pool = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Pool)
-    Pipe = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Pipe)
-    Queue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Queue)
-    JoinableQueue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.JoinableQueue)
-    Lock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Lock)
-    RLock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.RLock)
-    Semaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Semaphore)
-    BoundedSemaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.BoundedSemaphore)
-    Condition = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Condition)
-    Event = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Event)
-    Barrier = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Barrier)
-    Value = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Value)
-    Array = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Array)
-    RawValue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.RawValue)
-    RawArray = staticmethod(multiprocessing.RawArray)
-
-testcases_processes = create_test_cases(ProcessesMixin, type='processes')
-globals().update(testcases_processes)
-
-
-class ManagerMixin(object):
-    TYPE = 'manager'
-    Process = multiprocessing.Process
-    Queue = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Queue'))
-    JoinableQueue = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.JoinableQueue'))
-    Lock = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Lock'))
-    RLock = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.RLock'))
-    Semaphore = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Semaphore'))
-    BoundedSemaphore = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.BoundedSemaphore'))
-    Condition = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Condition'))
-    Event = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Event'))
-    Barrier = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Barrier'))
-    Value = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Value'))
-    Array = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Array'))
-    list = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.list'))
-    dict = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.dict'))
-    Namespace = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Namespace'))
-
-    @classmethod
-    def Pool(cls, *args, **kwds):
-        return cls.manager.Pool(*args, **kwds)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpClass(cls):
-        cls.manager = multiprocessing.Manager()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def tearDownClass(cls):
-        # only the manager process should be returned by active_children()
-        # but this can take a bit on slow machines, so wait a few seconds
-        # if there are other children too (see #17395)
-        t = 0.01
-        while len(multiprocessing.active_children()) > 1 and t < 5:
-            time.sleep(t)
-            t *= 2
-        gc.collect()                       # do garbage collection
-        if cls.manager._number_of_objects() != 0:
-            # This is not really an error since some tests do not
-            # ensure that all processes which hold a reference to a
-            # managed object have been joined.
-            print('Shared objects which still exist at manager shutdown:')
-            print(cls.manager._debug_info())
-        cls.manager.shutdown()
-        cls.manager.join()
-        cls.manager = None
-
-testcases_manager = create_test_cases(ManagerMixin, type='manager')
-globals().update(testcases_manager)
-
-
-class ThreadsMixin(object):
-    TYPE = 'threads'
-    Process = multiprocessing.dummy.Process
-    connection = multiprocessing.dummy.connection
-    current_process = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.current_process)
-    active_children = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.active_children)
-    Pool = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Pool)
-    Pipe = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Pipe)
-    Queue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Queue)
-    JoinableQueue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.JoinableQueue)
-    Lock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Lock)
-    RLock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.RLock)
-    Semaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Semaphore)
-    BoundedSemaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.BoundedSemaphore)
-    Condition = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Condition)
-    Event = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Event)
-    Barrier = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Barrier)
-    Value = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Value)
-    Array = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Array)
-
-testcases_threads = create_test_cases(ThreadsMixin, type='threads')
-globals().update(testcases_threads)
 
 
 class OtherTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -3418,7 +3341,7 @@ class TestFlags(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_flags(self):
         import json, subprocess
         # start child process using unusual flags
-        prog = ('from test.test_multiprocessing import TestFlags; ' +
+        prog = ('from test._test_multiprocessing import TestFlags; ' +
                 'TestFlags.run_in_child()')
         data = subprocess.check_output(
             [sys.executable, '-E', '-S', '-O', '-c', prog])
@@ -3465,13 +3388,14 @@ class TestTimeouts(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestNoForkBomb(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_noforkbomb(self):
+        sm = multiprocessing.get_start_method()
         name = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'mp_fork_bomb.py')
-        if WIN32:
-            rc, out, err = test.script_helper.assert_python_failure(name)
+        if sm != 'fork':
+            rc, out, err = test.script_helper.assert_python_failure(name, sm)
             self.assertEqual('', out.decode('ascii'))
             self.assertIn('RuntimeError', err.decode('ascii'))
         else:
-            rc, out, err = test.script_helper.assert_python_ok(name)
+            rc, out, err = test.script_helper.assert_python_ok(name, sm)
             self.assertEqual('123', out.decode('ascii').rstrip())
             self.assertEqual('', err.decode('ascii'))
 
@@ -3489,7 +3413,8 @@ class TestForkAwareThreadLock(unittest.TestCase):
         if n > 1:
             p = multiprocessing.Process(target=cls.child, args=(n-1, conn))
             p.start()
-            p.join()
+            conn.close()
+            p.join(timeout=5)
         else:
             conn.send(len(util._afterfork_registry))
         conn.close()
@@ -3500,11 +3425,78 @@ class TestForkAwareThreadLock(unittest.TestCase):
         old_size = len(util._afterfork_registry)
         p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.child, args=(5, w))
         p.start()
+        w.close()
         new_size = r.recv()
-        p.join()
+        p.join(timeout=5)
         self.assertLessEqual(new_size, old_size)
 
 #
+# Check that non-forked child processes do not inherit unneeded fds/handles
+#
+
+class TestCloseFds(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def get_high_socket_fd(self):
+        if WIN32:
+            # The child process will not have any socket handles, so
+            # calling socket.fromfd() should produce WSAENOTSOCK even
+            # if there is a handle of the same number.
+            return socket.socket().detach()
+        else:
+            # We want to produce a socket with an fd high enough that a
+            # freshly created child process will not have any fds as high.
+            fd = socket.socket().detach()
+            to_close = []
+            while fd < 50:
+                to_close.append(fd)
+                fd = os.dup(fd)
+            for x in to_close:
+                os.close(x)
+            return fd
+
+    def close(self, fd):
+        if WIN32:
+            socket.socket(fileno=fd).close()
+        else:
+            os.close(fd)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _test_closefds(cls, conn, fd):
+        try:
+            s = socket.fromfd(fd, socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        except Exception as e:
+            conn.send(e)
+        else:
+            s.close()
+            conn.send(None)
+
+    def test_closefd(self):
+        if not HAS_REDUCTION:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('requires fd pickling')
+
+        reader, writer = multiprocessing.Pipe()
+        fd = self.get_high_socket_fd()
+        try:
+            p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self._test_closefds,
+                                        args=(writer, fd))
+            p.start()
+            writer.close()
+            e = reader.recv()
+            p.join(timeout=5)
+        finally:
+            self.close(fd)
+            writer.close()
+            reader.close()
+
+        if multiprocessing.get_start_method() == 'fork':
+            self.assertIs(e, None)
+        else:
+            WSAENOTSOCK = 10038
+            self.assertIsInstance(e, OSError)
+            self.assertTrue(e.errno == errno.EBADF or
+                            e.winerror == WSAENOTSOCK, e)
+
+#
 # Issue #17097: EINTR should be ignored by recv(), send(), accept() etc
 #
 
@@ -3548,10 +3540,10 @@ class TestIgnoreEINTR(unittest.TestCase):
         def handler(signum, frame):
             pass
         signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, handler)
-        l = multiprocessing.connection.Listener()
-        conn.send(l.address)
-        a = l.accept()
-        a.send('welcome')
+        with multiprocessing.connection.Listener() as l:
+            conn.send(l.address)
+            a = l.accept()
+            a.send('welcome')
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGUSR1'), 'requires SIGUSR1')
     def test_ignore_listener(self):
@@ -3572,26 +3564,267 @@ class TestIgnoreEINTR(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             conn.close()
 
+class TestStartMethod(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def _check_context(cls, conn):
+        conn.send(multiprocessing.get_start_method())
+
+    def check_context(self, ctx):
+        r, w = ctx.Pipe(duplex=False)
+        p = ctx.Process(target=self._check_context, args=(w,))
+        p.start()
+        w.close()
+        child_method = r.recv()
+        r.close()
+        p.join()
+        self.assertEqual(child_method, ctx.get_start_method())
+
+    def test_context(self):
+        for method in ('fork', 'spawn', 'forkserver'):
+            try:
+                ctx = multiprocessing.get_context(method)
+            except ValueError:
+                continue
+            self.assertEqual(ctx.get_start_method(), method)
+            self.assertIs(ctx.get_context(), ctx)
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, ctx.set_start_method, 'spawn')
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, ctx.set_start_method, None)
+            self.check_context(ctx)
+
+    def test_set_get(self):
+        multiprocessing.set_forkserver_preload(PRELOAD)
+        count = 0
+        old_method = multiprocessing.get_start_method()
+        try:
+            for method in ('fork', 'spawn', 'forkserver'):
+                try:
+                    multiprocessing.set_start_method(method, force=True)
+                except ValueError:
+                    continue
+                self.assertEqual(multiprocessing.get_start_method(), method)
+                ctx = multiprocessing.get_context()
+                self.assertEqual(ctx.get_start_method(), method)
+                self.assertTrue(type(ctx).__name__.lower().startswith(method))
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    ctx.Process.__name__.lower().startswith(method))
+                self.check_context(multiprocessing)
+                count += 1
+        finally:
+            multiprocessing.set_start_method(old_method, force=True)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(count, 1)
+
+    def test_get_all(self):
+        methods = multiprocessing.get_all_start_methods()
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            self.assertEqual(methods, ['spawn'])
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(methods == ['fork', 'spawn'] or
+                            methods == ['fork', 'spawn', 'forkserver'])
+
+#
+# Check that killing process does not leak named semaphores
+#
+
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32",
+                 "test semantics don't make sense on Windows")
+class TestSemaphoreTracker(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_semaphore_tracker(self):
+        import subprocess
+        cmd = '''if 1:
+            import multiprocessing as mp, time, os
+            mp.set_start_method("spawn")
+            lock1 = mp.Lock()
+            lock2 = mp.Lock()
+            os.write(%d, lock1._semlock.name.encode("ascii") + b"\\n")
+            os.write(%d, lock2._semlock.name.encode("ascii") + b"\\n")
+            time.sleep(10)
+        '''
+        r, w = os.pipe()
+        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable,
+                             '-c', cmd % (w, w)],
+                             pass_fds=[w],
+                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        os.close(w)
+        with open(r, 'rb', closefd=True) as f:
+            name1 = f.readline().rstrip().decode('ascii')
+            name2 = f.readline().rstrip().decode('ascii')
+        _multiprocessing.sem_unlink(name1)
+        p.terminate()
+        p.wait()
+        time.sleep(2.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as ctx:
+            _multiprocessing.sem_unlink(name2)
+        # docs say it should be ENOENT, but OSX seems to give EINVAL
+        self.assertIn(ctx.exception.errno, (errno.ENOENT, errno.EINVAL))
+        err = p.stderr.read().decode('utf-8')
+        p.stderr.close()
+        expected = 'semaphore_tracker: There appear to be 2 leaked semaphores'
+        self.assertRegex(err, expected)
+        self.assertRegex(err, 'semaphore_tracker: %r: \[Errno' % name1)
+
 #
-#
+# Mixins
 #
 
-def setUpModule():
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
-        try:
-            lock = multiprocessing.RLock()
-        except OSError:
-            raise unittest.SkipTest("OSError raises on RLock creation, "
-                                    "see issue 3111!")
-    check_enough_semaphores()
-    util.get_temp_dir()     # creates temp directory for use by all processes
-    multiprocessing.get_logger().setLevel(LOG_LEVEL)
+class ProcessesMixin(object):
+    TYPE = 'processes'
+    Process = multiprocessing.Process
+    connection = multiprocessing.connection
+    current_process = staticmethod(multiprocessing.current_process)
+    active_children = staticmethod(multiprocessing.active_children)
+    Pool = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Pool)
+    Pipe = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Pipe)
+    Queue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Queue)
+    JoinableQueue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.JoinableQueue)
+    Lock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Lock)
+    RLock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.RLock)
+    Semaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Semaphore)
+    BoundedSemaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.BoundedSemaphore)
+    Condition = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Condition)
+    Event = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Event)
+    Barrier = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Barrier)
+    Value = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Value)
+    Array = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Array)
+    RawValue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.RawValue)
+    RawArray = staticmethod(multiprocessing.RawArray)
+
+
+class ManagerMixin(object):
+    TYPE = 'manager'
+    Process = multiprocessing.Process
+    Queue = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Queue'))
+    JoinableQueue = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.JoinableQueue'))
+    Lock = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Lock'))
+    RLock = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.RLock'))
+    Semaphore = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Semaphore'))
+    BoundedSemaphore = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.BoundedSemaphore'))
+    Condition = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Condition'))
+    Event = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Event'))
+    Barrier = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Barrier'))
+    Value = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Value'))
+    Array = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Array'))
+    list = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.list'))
+    dict = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.dict'))
+    Namespace = property(operator.attrgetter('manager.Namespace'))
 
+    @classmethod
+    def Pool(cls, *args, **kwds):
+        return cls.manager.Pool(*args, **kwds)
 
-def tearDownModule():
-    # pause a bit so we don't get warning about dangling threads/processes
-    time.sleep(0.5)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.manager = multiprocessing.Manager()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        # only the manager process should be returned by active_children()
+        # but this can take a bit on slow machines, so wait a few seconds
+        # if there are other children too (see #17395)
+        t = 0.01
+        while len(multiprocessing.active_children()) > 1 and t < 5:
+            time.sleep(t)
+            t *= 2
+        gc.collect()                       # do garbage collection
+        if cls.manager._number_of_objects() != 0:
+            # This is not really an error since some tests do not
+            # ensure that all processes which hold a reference to a
+            # managed object have been joined.
+            print('Shared objects which still exist at manager shutdown:')
+            print(cls.manager._debug_info())
+        cls.manager.shutdown()
+        cls.manager.join()
+        cls.manager = None
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
+class ThreadsMixin(object):
+    TYPE = 'threads'
+    Process = multiprocessing.dummy.Process
+    connection = multiprocessing.dummy.connection
+    current_process = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.current_process)
+    active_children = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.active_children)
+    Pool = staticmethod(multiprocessing.Pool)
+    Pipe = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Pipe)
+    Queue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Queue)
+    JoinableQueue = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.JoinableQueue)
+    Lock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Lock)
+    RLock = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.RLock)
+    Semaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Semaphore)
+    BoundedSemaphore = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.BoundedSemaphore)
+    Condition = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Condition)
+    Event = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Event)
+    Barrier = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Barrier)
+    Value = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Value)
+    Array = staticmethod(multiprocessing.dummy.Array)
+
+#
+# Functions used to create test cases from the base ones in this module
+#
+
+def install_tests_in_module_dict(remote_globs, start_method):
+    __module__ = remote_globs['__name__']
+    local_globs = globals()
+    ALL_TYPES = {'processes', 'threads', 'manager'}
+
+    for name, base in local_globs.items():
+        if not isinstance(base, type):
+            continue
+        if issubclass(base, BaseTestCase):
+            if base is BaseTestCase:
+                continue
+            assert set(base.ALLOWED_TYPES) <= ALL_TYPES, base.ALLOWED_TYPES
+            for type_ in base.ALLOWED_TYPES:
+                newname = 'With' + type_.capitalize() + name[1:]
+                Mixin = local_globs[type_.capitalize() + 'Mixin']
+                class Temp(base, Mixin, unittest.TestCase):
+                    pass
+                Temp.__name__ = Temp.__qualname__ = newname
+                Temp.__module__ = __module__
+                remote_globs[newname] = Temp
+        elif issubclass(base, unittest.TestCase):
+            class Temp(base, object):
+                pass
+            Temp.__name__ = Temp.__qualname__ = name
+            Temp.__module__ = __module__
+            remote_globs[name] = Temp
+
+    dangling = [None, None]
+    old_start_method = [None]
+
+    def setUpModule():
+        multiprocessing.set_forkserver_preload(PRELOAD)
+        multiprocessing.process._cleanup()
+        dangling[0] = multiprocessing.process._dangling.copy()
+        dangling[1] = threading._dangling.copy()
+        old_start_method[0] = multiprocessing.get_start_method(allow_none=True)
+        try:
+            multiprocessing.set_start_method(start_method, force=True)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest(start_method +
+                                    ' start method not supported')
+
+        if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+            try:
+                lock = multiprocessing.RLock()
+            except OSError:
+                raise unittest.SkipTest("OSError raises on RLock creation, "
+                                        "see issue 3111!")
+        check_enough_semaphores()
+        util.get_temp_dir()     # creates temp directory
+        multiprocessing.get_logger().setLevel(LOG_LEVEL)
+
+    def tearDownModule():
+        multiprocessing.set_start_method(old_start_method[0], force=True)
+        # pause a bit so we don't get warning about dangling threads/processes
+        time.sleep(0.5)
+        multiprocessing.process._cleanup()
+        gc.collect()
+        tmp = set(multiprocessing.process._dangling) - set(dangling[0])
+        if tmp:
+            print('Dangling processes:', tmp, file=sys.stderr)
+        del tmp
+        tmp = set(threading._dangling) - set(dangling[1])
+        if tmp:
+            print('Dangling threads:', tmp, file=sys.stderr)
+
+    remote_globs['setUpModule'] = setUpModule
+    remote_globs['tearDownModule'] = tearDownModule
diff --git a/Lib/test/audiodata/pluck-pcm24.au b/Lib/test/audiodata/pluck-pcm24.au
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bb230418a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/audiodata/pluck-pcm24.au
diff --git a/Lib/test/audiotests.py b/Lib/test/audiotests.py
index 6ff5bb81bb..b7497ce5b0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/audiotests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/audiotests.py
@@ -12,24 +12,6 @@ class UnseekableIO(io.FileIO):
     def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise io.UnsupportedOperation
 
-def byteswap2(data):
-    a = array.array('h')
-    a.frombytes(data)
-    a.byteswap()
-    return a.tobytes()
-
-def byteswap3(data):
-    ba = bytearray(data)
-    ba[::3] = data[2::3]
-    ba[2::3] = data[::3]
-    return bytes(ba)
-
-def byteswap4(data):
-    a = array.array('i')
-    a.frombytes(data)
-    a.byteswap()
-    return a.tobytes()
-
 
 class AudioTests:
     close_fd = False
@@ -56,6 +38,12 @@ class AudioTests:
         params = f.getparams()
         self.assertEqual(params,
                 (nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname))
+        self.assertEqual(params.nchannels, nchannels)
+        self.assertEqual(params.sampwidth, sampwidth)
+        self.assertEqual(params.framerate, framerate)
+        self.assertEqual(params.nframes, nframes)
+        self.assertEqual(params.comptype, comptype)
+        self.assertEqual(params.compname, compname)
 
         dump = pickle.dumps(params)
         self.assertEqual(pickle.loads(dump), params)
@@ -72,15 +60,12 @@ class AudioWriteTests(AudioTests):
         return f
 
     def check_file(self, testfile, nframes, frames):
-        f = self.module.open(testfile, 'rb')
-        try:
+        with self.module.open(testfile, 'rb') as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.getnchannels(), self.nchannels)
             self.assertEqual(f.getsampwidth(), self.sampwidth)
             self.assertEqual(f.getframerate(), self.framerate)
             self.assertEqual(f.getnframes(), nframes)
             self.assertEqual(f.readframes(nframes), frames)
-        finally:
-            f.close()
 
     def test_write_params(self):
         f = self.create_file(TESTFN)
@@ -90,6 +75,53 @@ class AudioWriteTests(AudioTests):
                           self.nframes, self.comptype, self.compname)
         f.close()
 
+    def test_write_context_manager_calls_close(self):
+        # Close checks for a minimum header and will raise an error
+        # if it is not set, so this proves that close is called.
+        with self.assertRaises(self.module.Error):
+            with self.module.open(TESTFN, 'wb'):
+                pass
+        with self.assertRaises(self.module.Error):
+            with open(TESTFN, 'wb') as testfile:
+                with self.module.open(testfile):
+                    pass
+
+    def test_context_manager_with_open_file(self):
+        with open(TESTFN, 'wb') as testfile:
+            with self.module.open(testfile) as f:
+                f.setnchannels(self.nchannels)
+                f.setsampwidth(self.sampwidth)
+                f.setframerate(self.framerate)
+                f.setcomptype(self.comptype, self.compname)
+            self.assertEqual(testfile.closed, self.close_fd)
+        with open(TESTFN, 'rb') as testfile:
+            with self.module.open(testfile) as f:
+                self.assertFalse(f.getfp().closed)
+                params = f.getparams()
+                self.assertEqual(params.nchannels, self.nchannels)
+                self.assertEqual(params.sampwidth, self.sampwidth)
+                self.assertEqual(params.framerate, self.framerate)
+            if not self.close_fd:
+                self.assertIsNone(f.getfp())
+            self.assertEqual(testfile.closed, self.close_fd)
+
+    def test_context_manager_with_filename(self):
+        # If the file doesn't get closed, this test won't fail, but it will
+        # produce a resource leak warning.
+        with self.module.open(TESTFN, 'wb') as f:
+            f.setnchannels(self.nchannels)
+            f.setsampwidth(self.sampwidth)
+            f.setframerate(self.framerate)
+            f.setcomptype(self.comptype, self.compname)
+        with self.module.open(TESTFN) as f:
+            self.assertFalse(f.getfp().closed)
+            params = f.getparams()
+            self.assertEqual(params.nchannels, self.nchannels)
+            self.assertEqual(params.sampwidth, self.sampwidth)
+            self.assertEqual(params.framerate, self.framerate)
+        if not self.close_fd:
+            self.assertIsNone(f.getfp())
+
     def test_write(self):
         f = self.create_file(TESTFN)
         f.setnframes(self.nframes)
@@ -98,6 +130,30 @@ class AudioWriteTests(AudioTests):
 
         self.check_file(TESTFN, self.nframes, self.frames)
 
+    def test_write_bytearray(self):
+        f = self.create_file(TESTFN)
+        f.setnframes(self.nframes)
+        f.writeframes(bytearray(self.frames))
+        f.close()
+
+        self.check_file(TESTFN, self.nframes, self.frames)
+
+    def test_write_array(self):
+        f = self.create_file(TESTFN)
+        f.setnframes(self.nframes)
+        f.writeframes(array.array('h', self.frames))
+        f.close()
+
+        self.check_file(TESTFN, self.nframes, self.frames)
+
+    def test_write_memoryview(self):
+        f = self.create_file(TESTFN)
+        f.setnframes(self.nframes)
+        f.writeframes(memoryview(self.frames))
+        f.close()
+
+        self.check_file(TESTFN, self.nframes, self.frames)
+
     def test_incompleted_write(self):
         with open(TESTFN, 'wb') as testfile:
             testfile.write(b'ababagalamaga')
@@ -137,20 +193,18 @@ class AudioWriteTests(AudioTests):
             self.check_file(testfile, self.nframes, self.frames)
 
     def test_unseekable_read(self):
-        f = self.create_file(TESTFN)
-        f.setnframes(self.nframes)
-        f.writeframes(self.frames)
-        f.close()
+        with self.create_file(TESTFN) as f:
+            f.setnframes(self.nframes)
+            f.writeframes(self.frames)
 
         with UnseekableIO(TESTFN, 'rb') as testfile:
             self.check_file(testfile, self.nframes, self.frames)
 
     def test_unseekable_write(self):
         with UnseekableIO(TESTFN, 'wb') as testfile:
-            f = self.create_file(testfile)
-            f.setnframes(self.nframes)
-            f.writeframes(self.frames)
-            f.close()
+            with self.create_file(testfile) as f:
+                f.setnframes(self.nframes)
+                f.writeframes(self.frames)
 
         self.check_file(TESTFN, self.nframes, self.frames)
 
@@ -267,12 +321,9 @@ class AudioTestsWithSourceFile(AudioTests):
 
         with open(TESTFN, 'rb') as testfile:
             self.assertEqual(testfile.read(13), b'ababagalamaga')
-            f = self.module.open(testfile, 'rb')
-            try:
+            with self.module.open(testfile, 'rb') as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.getnchannels(), self.nchannels)
                 self.assertEqual(f.getsampwidth(), self.sampwidth)
                 self.assertEqual(f.getframerate(), self.framerate)
                 self.assertEqual(f.getnframes(), self.sndfilenframes)
                 self.assertEqual(f.readframes(self.nframes), self.frames)
-            finally:
-                f.close()
diff --git a/Lib/test/badsyntax_future10.py b/Lib/test/badsyntax_future10.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa5ab67a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/badsyntax_future10.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+"spam, bar, blah"
+from __future__ import print_function
diff --git a/Lib/test/buffer_tests.py b/Lib/test/buffer_tests.py
index cf54c28759..0a629400fd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/buffer_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/buffer_tests.py
@@ -160,14 +160,20 @@ class MixinBytesBufferCommonTests(object):
                          self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(8))
         self.assertEqual(b'abc\rab  def\ng   hi',
                          self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(4))
+        self.assertEqual(b'abc\r\nab      def\ng       hi',
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs())
+        self.assertEqual(b'abc\r\nab      def\ng       hi',
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(8))
         self.assertEqual(b'abc\r\nab  def\ng   hi',
                          self.marshal(b'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(4))
-        self.assertEqual(b'abc\rab      def\ng       hi',
-                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs())
-        self.assertEqual(b'abc\rab      def\ng       hi',
-                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(8))
         self.assertEqual(b'abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi',
-            self.marshal(b'abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi').expandtabs(4))
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi').expandtabs(4))
+        # check keyword args
+        self.assertEqual(b'abc\rab      def\ng       hi',
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(tabsize=8))
+        self.assertEqual(b'abc\rab  def\ng   hi',
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(tabsize=4))
+
         self.assertEqual(b'  a\n b', self.marshal(b' \ta\n\tb').expandtabs(1))
 
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'hello').expandtabs, 42, 42)
diff --git a/Lib/test/bytecode_helper.py b/Lib/test/bytecode_helper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58b4209f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/bytecode_helper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""bytecode_helper - support tools for testing correct bytecode generation"""
+
+import unittest
+import dis
+import io
+
+_UNSPECIFIED = object()
+
+class BytecodeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Custom assertion methods for inspecting bytecode."""
+
+    def get_disassembly_as_string(self, co):
+        s = io.StringIO()
+        dis.dis(co, file=s)
+        return s.getvalue()
+
+    def assertInBytecode(self, x, opname, argval=_UNSPECIFIED):
+        """Returns instr if op is found, otherwise throws AssertionError"""
+        for instr in dis.get_instructions(x):
+            if instr.opname == opname:
+                if argval is _UNSPECIFIED or instr.argval == argval:
+                    return instr
+        disassembly = self.get_disassembly_as_string(x)
+        if argval is _UNSPECIFIED:
+            msg = '%s not found in bytecode:\n%s' % (opname, disassembly)
+        else:
+            msg = '(%s,%r) not found in bytecode:\n%s'
+            msg = msg % (opname, argval, disassembly)
+        self.fail(msg)
+
+    def assertNotInBytecode(self, x, opname, argval=_UNSPECIFIED):
+        """Throws AssertionError if op is found"""
+        for instr in dis.get_instructions(x):
+            if instr.opname == opname:
+                disassembly = self.get_disassembly_as_string(co)
+                if opargval is _UNSPECIFIED:
+                    msg = '%s occurs in bytecode:\n%s' % (opname, disassembly)
+                elif instr.argval == argval:
+                    msg = '(%s,%r) occurs in bytecode:\n%s'
+                    msg = msg % (opname, argval, disassembly)
+                self.fail(msg)
diff --git a/Lib/test/datetimetester.py b/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
index ab55476226..3f3c60acea 100644
--- a/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
+++ b/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
@@ -619,6 +619,10 @@ class TestTimeDelta(HarmlessMixedComparison, unittest.TestCase):
         eq(td(hours=-.2/us_per_hour), td(0))
         eq(td(days=-.4/us_per_day, hours=-.2/us_per_hour), td(microseconds=-1))
 
+        # Test for a patch in Issue 8860
+        eq(td(microseconds=0.5), 0.5*td(microseconds=1.0))
+        eq(td(microseconds=0.5)//td.resolution, 0.5*td.resolution//td.resolution)
+
     def test_massive_normalization(self):
         td = timedelta(microseconds=-1)
         self.assertEqual((td.days, td.seconds, td.microseconds),
diff --git a/Lib/test/final_a.py b/Lib/test/final_a.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..390ee8895a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/final_a.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+Fodder for module finalization tests in test_module.
+"""
+
+import shutil
+import test.final_b
+
+x = 'a'
+
+class C:
+    def __del__(self):
+        # Inspect module globals and builtins
+        print("x =", x)
+        print("final_b.x =", test.final_b.x)
+        print("shutil.rmtree =", getattr(shutil.rmtree, '__name__', None))
+        print("len =", getattr(len, '__name__', None))
+
+c = C()
+_underscored = C()
diff --git a/Lib/test/final_b.py b/Lib/test/final_b.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7228d82b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/final_b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+Fodder for module finalization tests in test_module.
+"""
+
+import shutil
+import test.final_a
+
+x = 'b'
+
+class C:
+    def __del__(self):
+        # Inspect module globals and builtins
+        print("x =", x)
+        print("final_a.x =", test.final_a.x)
+        print("shutil.rmtree =", getattr(shutil.rmtree, '__name__', None))
+        print("len =", getattr(len, '__name__', None))
+
+c = C()
+_underscored = C()
diff --git a/Lib/test/fork_wait.py b/Lib/test/fork_wait.py
index 88527df25e..19b54ec736 100644
--- a/Lib/test/fork_wait.py
+++ b/Lib/test/fork_wait.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class ForkWait(unittest.TestCase):
             self.alive[id] = os.getpid()
             try:
                 time.sleep(SHORTSLEEP)
-            except IOError:
+            except OSError:
                 pass
 
     def wait_impl(self, cpid):
diff --git a/Lib/test/keycert3.pem b/Lib/test/keycert3.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bfa62c4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/keycert3.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 1 (0x0)
+        Serial Number: 12723342612721443281 (0xb09264b1f2da21d1)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Jan  4 19:47:07 2013 GMT
+            Not After : Nov 13 19:47:07 2022 GMT
+        Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=localhost
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (1024 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:c2:e0:0f:49:00:28:36:f9:70:5c:8f:8d:bc:0d:
+                    7d:1e:42:b5:ec:1d:5c:2f:a4:31:70:16:0f:c0:cb:
+                    c6:24:d3:be:13:16:ee:a5:67:97:03:a6:df:a9:99:
+                    96:cc:c7:2a:fb:11:7f:4e:65:4f:8a:5e:82:21:4c:
+                    f7:3d:a3:d4:e9:5a:37:e7:22:fd:7e:cd:53:6d:93:
+                    34:de:9c:ad:84:a2:37:be:c5:8d:82:4f:e3:ae:23:
+                    f3:be:a7:75:2c:72:0f:ea:f3:ca:cd:fc:e9:3f:b5:
+                    af:56:99:6a:08:04:76:48:f5:4e:c4:ac:bf:5c:d6:
+                    21:82:a5:3c:88:e5:be:1b:b1
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         2f:42:5f:a3:09:2c:fa:51:88:c7:37:7f:ea:0e:63:f0:a2:9a:
+         e5:5a:e2:c8:20:f0:3f:60:bc:c8:0f:b6:c6:76:ce:db:83:93:
+         f5:a3:33:67:01:8e:04:cd:00:9a:73:fd:f3:35:86:fa:d7:13:
+         e2:46:c6:9d:c0:29:53:d4:a9:90:b8:77:4b:e6:83:76:e4:92:
+         d6:9c:50:cf:43:d0:c6:01:77:61:9a:de:9b:70:f7:72:cd:59:
+         00:31:69:d9:b4:ca:06:9c:6d:c3:c7:80:8c:68:e6:b5:a2:f8:
+         ef:1d:bb:16:9f:77:77:ef:87:62:22:9b:4d:69:a4:3a:1a:f1:
+         21:5e:8c:32:ac:92:fd:15:6b:18:c2:7f:15:0d:98:30:ca:75:
+         8f:1a:71:df:da:1d:b2:ef:9a:e8:2d:2e:02:fd:4a:3c:aa:96:
+         0b:06:5d:35:b3:3d:24:87:4b:e0:b0:58:60:2f:45:ac:2e:48:
+         8a:b0:99:10:65:27:ff:cc:b1:d8:fd:bd:26:6b:b9:0c:05:2a:
+         f4:45:63:35:51:07:ed:83:85:fe:6f:69:cb:bb:40:a8:ae:b6:
+         3b:56:4a:2d:a4:ed:6d:11:2c:4d:ed:17:24:fd:47:bc:d3:41:
+         a2:d3:06:fe:0c:90:d8:d8:94:26:c4:ff:cc:a1:d8:42:77:eb:
+         fc:a9:94:71
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/keycert4.pem b/Lib/test/keycert4.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53355c8a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/keycert4.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 1 (0x0)
+        Serial Number: 12723342612721443282 (0xb09264b1f2da21d2)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Jan  4 19:47:07 2013 GMT
+            Not After : Nov 13 19:47:07 2022 GMT
+        Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=fakehostname
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (1024 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:ae:54:42:23:08:e5:59:0d:b3:64:2f:2f:b8:14:
+                    6a:20:dd:15:eb:cd:51:74:63:53:80:c7:01:ed:d9:
+                    cf:36:0b:64:d1:3a:f6:1f:60:3b:d5:42:49:2d:7a:
+                    b4:9e:5f:4f:95:44:bb:41:19:c8:6a:f4:7b:75:76:
+                    36:45:f4:66:85:34:1d:cf:d4:69:8e:2a:c7:b2:c7:
+                    9a:7e:52:61:9a:48:c6:12:67:91:fe:d2:c8:72:4a:
+                    d7:35:1a:1a:55:34:fc:bc:58:a8:8b:86:0a:d1:79:
+                    76:ac:75:2f:63:90:84:4c:75:18:ce:91:c9:d1:dd:
+                    81:7e:bd:1b:ae:0b:5d:c6:39
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         ad:45:8a:8e:ef:c6:ef:04:41:5c:2c:4a:84:dc:02:76:0c:d0:
+         66:0f:f0:16:04:58:4d:fd:68:b7:b8:d3:a8:41:a5:5c:3c:6f:
+         65:3c:d1:f8:ce:43:35:e7:41:5f:53:3d:c9:2c:c3:7d:fc:56:
+         4a:fa:47:77:38:9d:bb:97:28:0a:3b:91:19:7f:bc:74:ae:15:
+         6b:bd:20:36:67:45:a5:1e:79:d7:75:e6:89:5c:6d:54:84:d1:
+         95:d7:a7:b4:33:3c:af:37:c4:79:8f:5e:75:dc:75:c2:18:fb:
+         61:6f:2d:dc:38:65:5b:ba:67:28:d0:88:d7:8d:b9:23:5a:8e:
+         e8:c6:bb:db:ce:d5:b8:41:2a:ce:93:08:b6:95:ad:34:20:18:
+         d5:3b:37:52:74:50:0b:07:2c:b0:6d:a4:4c:7b:f4:e0:fd:d1:
+         af:17:aa:20:cd:62:e3:f0:9d:37:69:db:41:bd:d4:1c:fb:53:
+         20:da:88:9d:76:26:67:ce:01:90:a7:80:1d:a9:5b:39:73:68:
+         54:0a:d1:2a:03:1b:8f:3c:43:5d:5d:c4:51:f1:a7:e7:11:da:
+         31:2c:49:06:af:04:f4:b8:3c:99:c4:20:b9:06:36:a2:00:92:
+         61:1d:0c:6d:24:05:e2:82:e1:47:db:a0:5f:ba:b9:fb:ba:fa:
+         49:12:1e:ce
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/leakers/test_gestalt.py b/Lib/test/leakers/test_gestalt.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e0081c1fc5..0000000000
--- a/Lib/test/leakers/test_gestalt.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-if sys.platform != 'darwin':
-    raise ValueError("This test only leaks on Mac OS X")
-
-def leak():
-    # taken from platform._mac_ver_lookup()
-    from gestalt import gestalt
-    import MacOS
-
-    try:
-        gestalt('sysu')
-    except MacOS.Error:
-        pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/lock_tests.py b/Lib/test/lock_tests.py
index bfbf44e0db..1cbcea2343 100644
--- a/Lib/test/lock_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/lock_tests.py
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ class BaseLockTests(BaseTestCase):
         lock = self.locktype()
         del lock
 
+    def test_repr(self):
+        lock = self.locktype()
+        repr(lock)
+        del lock
+
     def test_acquire_destroy(self):
         lock = self.locktype()
         lock.acquire()
@@ -413,6 +418,17 @@ class ConditionTests(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cond.notify)
 
     def _check_notify(self, cond):
+        # Note that this test is sensitive to timing.  If the worker threads
+        # don't execute in a timely fashion, the main thread may think they
+        # are further along then they are.  The main thread therefore issues
+        # _wait() statements to try to make sure that it doesn't race ahead
+        # of the workers.
+        # Secondly, this test assumes that condition variables are not subject
+        # to spurious wakeups.  The absence of spurious wakeups is an implementation
+        # detail of Condition Cariables in current CPython, but in general, not
+        # a guaranteed property of condition variables as a programming
+        # construct.  In particular, it is possible that this can no longer
+        # be conveniently guaranteed should their implementation ever change.
         N = 5
         results1 = []
         results2 = []
@@ -440,6 +456,9 @@ class ConditionTests(BaseTestCase):
             _wait()
         self.assertEqual(results1, [(True, 1)] * 3)
         self.assertEqual(results2, [])
+        # first wait, to ensure all workers settle into cond.wait() before
+        # we continue. See issue #8799
+        _wait()
         # Notify 5 threads: they might be in their first or second wait
         cond.acquire()
         cond.notify(5)
@@ -450,6 +469,7 @@ class ConditionTests(BaseTestCase):
             _wait()
         self.assertEqual(results1, [(True, 1)] * 3 + [(True, 2)] * 2)
         self.assertEqual(results2, [(True, 2)] * 3)
+        _wait() # make sure all workers settle into cond.wait()
         # Notify all threads: they are all in their second wait
         cond.acquire()
         cond.notify_all()
diff --git a/Lib/test/make_ssl_certs.py b/Lib/test/make_ssl_certs.py
index 48d2e57f4b..4251d5524f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/make_ssl_certs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/make_ssl_certs.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 and friends."""
 
 import os
+import shutil
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from subprocess import *
@@ -20,11 +21,54 @@ req_template = """
 
     [req_x509_extensions]
     subjectAltName         = DNS:{hostname}
+
+    [ ca ]
+    default_ca      = CA_default
+
+    [ CA_default ]
+    dir = cadir
+    database  = $dir/index.txt
+    crlnumber = $dir/crl.txt
+    default_md = sha1
+    default_days = 3600
+    default_crl_days = 3600
+    certificate = pycacert.pem
+    private_key = pycakey.pem
+    serial    = $dir/serial
+    RANDFILE  = $dir/.rand
+
+    policy          = policy_match
+
+    [ policy_match ]
+    countryName             = match
+    stateOrProvinceName     = optional
+    organizationName        = match
+    organizationalUnitName  = optional
+    commonName              = supplied
+    emailAddress            = optional
+
+    [ policy_anything ]
+    countryName   = optional
+    stateOrProvinceName = optional
+    localityName    = optional
+    organizationName  = optional
+    organizationalUnitName  = optional
+    commonName    = supplied
+    emailAddress    = optional
+
+
+    [ v3_ca ]
+
+    subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
+    authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
+    basicConstraints = CA:true
+
     """
 
 here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
-def make_cert_key(hostname):
+def make_cert_key(hostname, sign=False):
+    print("creating cert for " + hostname)
     tempnames = []
     for i in range(3):
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as f:
@@ -33,10 +77,25 @@ def make_cert_key(hostname):
     try:
         with open(req_file, 'w') as f:
             f.write(req_template.format(hostname=hostname))
-        args = ['req', '-new', '-days', '3650', '-nodes', '-x509',
+        args = ['req', '-new', '-days', '3650', '-nodes',
                 '-newkey', 'rsa:1024', '-keyout', key_file,
-                '-out', cert_file, '-config', req_file]
+                '-config', req_file]
+        if sign:
+            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as f:
+                tempnames.append(f.name)
+                reqfile = f.name
+            args += ['-out', reqfile ]
+
+        else:
+            args += ['-x509', '-out', cert_file ]
         check_call(['openssl'] + args)
+
+        if sign:
+            args = ['ca', '-config', req_file, '-out', cert_file, '-outdir', 'cadir',
+                    '-policy', 'policy_anything', '-batch', '-infiles', reqfile ]
+            check_call(['openssl'] + args)
+
+
         with open(cert_file, 'r') as f:
             cert = f.read()
         with open(key_file, 'r') as f:
@@ -46,6 +105,36 @@ def make_cert_key(hostname):
         for name in tempnames:
             os.remove(name)
 
+TMP_CADIR = 'cadir'
+
+def unmake_ca():
+    shutil.rmtree(TMP_CADIR)
+
+def make_ca():
+    os.mkdir(TMP_CADIR)
+    with open(os.path.join('cadir','index.txt'),'a+') as f:
+        pass # empty file
+    with open(os.path.join('cadir','crl.txt'),'a+') as f:
+        r.write("00")
+    with open(os.path.join('cadir','index.txt.attr'),'w+') as f:
+        f.write('unique_subject = no')
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w") as t:
+        t.write(req_template.format(hostname='our-ca-server'))
+        t.flush()
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
+            args = ['req', '-new', '-days', '3650', '-extensions', 'v3_ca', '-nodes',
+                    '-newkey', 'rsa:2048', '-keyout', 'pycakey.pem',
+                    '-out', f.name,
+                    '-subj', '/C=XY/L=Castle Anthrax/O=Python Software Foundation CA/CN=our-ca-server']
+            check_call(['openssl'] + args)
+            args = ['ca', '-config', t.name, '-create_serial',
+                    '-out', 'pycacert.pem', '-batch', '-outdir', TMP_CADIR,
+                    '-keyfile', 'pycakey.pem', '-days', '3650',
+                    '-selfsign', '-extensions', 'v3_ca', '-infiles', f.name ]
+            check_call(['openssl'] + args)
+            args = ['ca', '-config', t.name, '-gencrl', '-out', 'revocation.crl']
+            check_call(['openssl'] + args)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     os.chdir(here)
@@ -54,11 +143,34 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
         f.write(cert)
     with open('ssl_key.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
+    print("password protecting ssl_key.pem in ssl_key.passwd.pem")
+    check_call(['openssl','rsa','-in','ssl_key.pem','-out','ssl_key.passwd.pem','-des3','-passout','pass:somepass'])
+    check_call(['openssl','rsa','-in','ssl_key.pem','-out','keycert.passwd.pem','-des3','-passout','pass:somepass'])
+
     with open('keycert.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
+
+    with open('keycert.passwd.pem', 'a+') as f:
+        f.write(cert)
+
     # For certificate matching tests
+    make_ca()
     cert, key = make_cert_key('fakehostname')
     with open('keycert2.pem', 'w') as f:
         f.write(key)
         f.write(cert)
+
+    cert, key = make_cert_key('localhost', True)
+    with open('keycert3.pem', 'w') as f:
+        f.write(key)
+        f.write(cert)
+
+    cert, key = make_cert_key('fakehostname', True)
+    with open('keycert4.pem', 'w') as f:
+        f.write(key)
+        f.write(cert)
+
+    unmake_ca()
+    print("\n\nPlease change the values in test_ssl.py, test_parse_cert function related to notAfter,notBefore and serialNumber")
+    check_call(['openssl','x509','-in','keycert.pem','-dates','-serial','-noout'])
diff --git a/Lib/test/mock_socket.py b/Lib/test/mock_socket.py
index 861bfb2b56..e36724f54b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/mock_socket.py
+++ b/Lib/test/mock_socket.py
@@ -145,12 +145,8 @@ def gethostbyname(name):
     return ""
 
 
-class gaierror(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
-class error(Exception):
-    pass
+gaierror = socket_module.gaierror
+error = socket_module.error
 
 
 # Constants
diff --git a/Lib/test/mp_fork_bomb.py b/Lib/test/mp_fork_bomb.py
index 908afe3045..017e010ba0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/mp_fork_bomb.py
+++ b/Lib/test/mp_fork_bomb.py
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ def foo():
 # correctly on Windows.  However, we should get a RuntimeError rather
 # than the Windows equivalent of a fork bomb.
 
+if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+    multiprocessing.set_start_method(sys.argv[1])
+else:
+    multiprocessing.set_start_method('spawn')
+
 p = multiprocessing.Process(target=foo)
 p.start()
 p.join()
diff --git a/Lib/test/multibytecodec_support.py b/Lib/test/multibytecodec_support.py
index 14fea3ef7d..51ca3bd64f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/multibytecodec_support.py
+++ b/Lib/test/multibytecodec_support.py
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class TestBase_Mapping(unittest.TestCase):
         unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
         try:
             self.open_mapping_file().close() # test it to report the error early
-        except (IOError, HTTPException):
+        except (OSError, HTTPException):
             self.skipTest("Could not retrieve "+self.mapfileurl)
 
     def open_mapping_file(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/pickletester.py b/Lib/test/pickletester.py
index 4d59bde851..a2bea600ed 100644
--- a/Lib/test/pickletester.py
+++ b/Lib/test/pickletester.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+import copyreg
 import io
-import unittest
 import pickle
 import pickletools
+import random
+import struct
 import sys
-import copyreg
+import unittest
 import weakref
 from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
 
@@ -93,6 +95,9 @@ class E(C):
     def __getinitargs__(self):
         return ()
 
+class H(object):
+    pass
+
 import __main__
 __main__.C = C
 C.__module__ = "__main__"
@@ -100,6 +105,8 @@ __main__.D = D
 D.__module__ = "__main__"
 __main__.E = E
 E.__module__ = "__main__"
+__main__.H = H
+H.__module__ = "__main__"
 
 class myint(int):
     def __init__(self, x):
@@ -491,31 +498,52 @@ def create_data():
     x.append(5)
     return x
 
+
 class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
     # Subclass must define self.dumps, self.loads.
 
+    optimized = False
+
     _testdata = create_data()
 
     def setUp(self):
         pass
 
+    def assert_is_copy(self, obj, objcopy, msg=None):
+        """Utility method to verify if two objects are copies of each others.
+        """
+        if msg is None:
+            msg = "{!r} is not a copy of {!r}".format(obj, objcopy)
+        self.assertEqual(obj, objcopy, msg=msg)
+        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(objcopy), msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
+            self.assertDictEqual(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+            self.assertIsNot(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__slots__'):
+            self.assertListEqual(obj.__slots__, objcopy.__slots__, msg=msg)
+            for slot in obj.__slots__:
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    hasattr(obj, slot), hasattr(objcopy, slot), msg=msg)
+                self.assertEqual(getattr(obj, slot, None),
+                                 getattr(objcopy, slot, None), msg=msg)
+
     def test_misc(self):
         # test various datatypes not tested by testdata
         for proto in protocols:
             x = myint(4)
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
             x = (1, ())
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
             x = initarg(1, x)
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
         # XXX test __reduce__ protocol?
 
@@ -524,16 +552,16 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(expected, proto)
             got = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+            self.assert_is_copy(expected, got)
 
     def test_load_from_data0(self):
-        self.assertEqual(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA0))
+        self.assert_is_copy(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA0))
 
     def test_load_from_data1(self):
-        self.assertEqual(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA1))
+        self.assert_is_copy(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA1))
 
     def test_load_from_data2(self):
-        self.assertEqual(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA2))
+        self.assert_is_copy(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA2))
 
     def test_load_classic_instance(self):
         # See issue5180.  Test loading 2.x pickles that
@@ -555,7 +583,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                        b"X\n"
                        b"p0\n"
                        b"(dp1\nb.").replace(b'X', xname)
-            self.assertEqual(X(*args), self.loads(pickle0))
+            self.assert_is_copy(X(*args), self.loads(pickle0))
 
             # Protocol 1 (binary mode pickle)
             """
@@ -572,7 +600,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             pickle1 = (b'(c__main__\n'
                        b'X\n'
                        b'q\x00oq\x01}q\x02b.').replace(b'X', xname)
-            self.assertEqual(X(*args), self.loads(pickle1))
+            self.assert_is_copy(X(*args), self.loads(pickle1))
 
             # Protocol 2 (pickle2 = b'\x80\x02' + pickle1)
             """
@@ -590,7 +618,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             pickle2 = (b'\x80\x02(c__main__\n'
                        b'X\n'
                        b'q\x00oq\x01}q\x02b.').replace(b'X', xname)
-            self.assertEqual(X(*args), self.loads(pickle2))
+            self.assert_is_copy(X(*args), self.loads(pickle2))
 
     # There are gratuitous differences between pickles produced by
     # pickle and cPickle, largely because cPickle starts PUT indices at
@@ -615,6 +643,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(l, proto)
             x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, list)
             self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
             self.assertTrue(x is x[0])
 
@@ -624,6 +653,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(t, proto)
             x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, tuple)
             self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
             self.assertEqual(len(x[0]), 1)
             self.assertTrue(x is x[0][0])
@@ -634,15 +664,39 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(d, proto)
             x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, dict)
             self.assertEqual(list(x.keys()), [1])
             self.assertTrue(x[1] is x)
 
+    def test_recursive_set(self):
+        h = H()
+        y = set({h})
+        h.attr = y
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(y, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, set)
+            self.assertIs(list(x)[0].attr, x)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
+
+    def test_recursive_frozenset(self):
+        h = H()
+        y = frozenset({h})
+        h.attr = y
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(y, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, frozenset)
+            self.assertIs(list(x)[0].attr, x)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
+
     def test_recursive_inst(self):
         i = C()
         i.attr = i
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(i, proto)
             x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, C)
             self.assertEqual(dir(x), dir(i))
             self.assertIs(x.attr, x)
 
@@ -655,6 +709,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(l, proto)
             x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, list)
             self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
             self.assertEqual(dir(x[0]), dir(i))
             self.assertEqual(list(x[0].attr.keys()), [1])
@@ -662,31 +717,8 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_get(self):
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.loads, b'g0\np0')
-        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'((Kdtp0\nh\x00l.))'), [(100,), (100,)])
-
-    def test_insecure_strings(self):
-        # XXX Some of these tests are temporarily disabled
-        insecure = [b"abc", b"2 + 2", # not quoted
-                    ## b"'abc' + 'def'", # not a single quoted string
-                    b"'abc", # quote is not closed
-                    b"'abc\"", # open quote and close quote don't match
-                    b"'abc'   ?", # junk after close quote
-                    b"'\\'", # trailing backslash
-                    # Variations on issue #17710
-                    b"'",
-                    b'"',
-                    b"' ",
-                    b"'  ",
-                    b"'   ",
-                    b"'    ",
-                    b'"    ',
-                    # some tests of the quoting rules
-                    ## b"'abc\"\''",
-                    ## b"'\\\\a\'\'\'\\\'\\\\\''",
-                    ]
-        for b in insecure:
-            buf = b"S" + b + b"\012p0\012."
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, buf)
+        self.assert_is_copy([(100,), (100,)],
+                            self.loads(b'((Kdtp0\nh\x00l.))'))
 
     def test_unicode(self):
         endcases = ['', '<\\u>', '<\\\u1234>', '<\n>',
@@ -697,26 +729,26 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             for u in endcases:
                 p = self.dumps(u, proto)
                 u2 = self.loads(p)
-                self.assertEqual(u2, u)
+                self.assert_is_copy(u, u2)
 
     def test_unicode_high_plane(self):
         t = '\U00012345'
         for proto in protocols:
             p = self.dumps(t, proto)
             t2 = self.loads(p)
-            self.assertEqual(t2, t)
+            self.assert_is_copy(t, t2)
 
     def test_bytes(self):
         for proto in protocols:
             for s in b'', b'xyz', b'xyz'*100:
                 p = self.dumps(s, proto)
-                self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), s)
+                self.assert_is_copy(s, self.loads(p))
             for s in [bytes([i]) for i in range(256)]:
                 p = self.dumps(s, proto)
-                self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), s)
+                self.assert_is_copy(s, self.loads(p))
             for s in [bytes([i, i]) for i in range(256)]:
                 p = self.dumps(s, proto)
-                self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), s)
+                self.assert_is_copy(s, self.loads(p))
 
     def test_ints(self):
         import sys
@@ -726,14 +758,14 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 for expected in (-n, n):
                     s = self.dumps(expected, proto)
                     n2 = self.loads(s)
-                    self.assertEqual(expected, n2)
+                    self.assert_is_copy(expected, n2)
                 n = n >> 1
 
     def test_maxint64(self):
         maxint64 = (1 << 63) - 1
         data = b'I' + str(maxint64).encode("ascii") + b'\n.'
         got = self.loads(data)
-        self.assertEqual(got, maxint64)
+        self.assert_is_copy(maxint64, got)
 
         # Try too with a bogus literal.
         data = b'I' + str(maxint64).encode("ascii") + b'JUNK\n.'
@@ -748,7 +780,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                     for n in npos, -npos:
                         pickle = self.dumps(n, proto)
                         got = self.loads(pickle)
-                        self.assertEqual(n, got)
+                        self.assert_is_copy(n, got)
         # Try a monster.  This is quadratic-time in protos 0 & 1, so don't
         # bother with those.
         nbase = int("deadbeeffeedface", 16)
@@ -756,6 +788,10 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for n in nbase, -nbase:
             p = self.dumps(n, 2)
             got = self.loads(p)
+            # assert_is_copy is very expensive here as it precomputes
+            # a failure message by computing the repr() of n and got,
+            # we just do the check ourselves.
+            self.assertIs(type(got), int)
             self.assertEqual(n, got)
 
     def test_float(self):
@@ -766,7 +802,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             for value in test_values:
                 pickle = self.dumps(value, proto)
                 got = self.loads(pickle)
-                self.assertEqual(value, got)
+                self.assert_is_copy(value, got)
 
     @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR')
     def test_float_format(self):
@@ -774,10 +810,18 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(self.dumps(1.2, 0)[0:3], b'F1.')
 
     def test_reduce(self):
-        pass
+        for proto in protocols:
+            inst = AAA()
+            dumped = self.dumps(inst, proto)
+            loaded = self.loads(dumped)
+            self.assertEqual(loaded, REDUCE_A)
 
     def test_getinitargs(self):
-        pass
+        for proto in protocols:
+            inst = initarg(1, 2)
+            dumped = self.dumps(inst, proto)
+            loaded = self.loads(dumped)
+            self.assert_is_copy(inst, loaded)
 
     def test_pop_empty_stack(self):
         # Test issue7455
@@ -798,6 +842,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             s = self.dumps(a, proto)
             b = self.loads(s)
             self.assertEqual(a, b)
+            self.assertIs(type(a), type(b))
 
     def test_structseq(self):
         import time
@@ -807,29 +852,29 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(t, proto)
             u = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(t, u)
+            self.assert_is_copy(t, u)
             if hasattr(os, "stat"):
                 t = os.stat(os.curdir)
                 s = self.dumps(t, proto)
                 u = self.loads(s)
-                self.assertEqual(t, u)
+                self.assert_is_copy(t, u)
             if hasattr(os, "statvfs"):
                 t = os.statvfs(os.curdir)
                 s = self.dumps(t, proto)
                 u = self.loads(s)
-                self.assertEqual(t, u)
+                self.assert_is_copy(t, u)
 
     def test_ellipsis(self):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(..., proto)
             u = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(..., u)
+            self.assertIs(..., u)
 
     def test_notimplemented(self):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(NotImplemented, proto)
             u = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(NotImplemented, u)
+            self.assertIs(NotImplemented, u)
 
     def test_singleton_types(self):
         # Issue #6477: Test that types of built-in singletons can be pickled.
@@ -843,21 +888,21 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
     # Tests for protocol 2
 
     def test_proto(self):
-        build_none = pickle.NONE + pickle.STOP
         for proto in protocols:
-            expected = build_none
+            pickled = self.dumps(None, proto)
             if proto >= 2:
-                expected = pickle.PROTO + bytes([proto]) + expected
-            p = self.dumps(None, proto)
-            self.assertEqual(p, expected)
+                proto_header = pickle.PROTO + bytes([proto])
+                self.assertTrue(pickled.startswith(proto_header))
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(count_opcode(pickle.PROTO, pickled), 0)
 
         oob = protocols[-1] + 1     # a future protocol
+        build_none = pickle.NONE + pickle.STOP
         badpickle = pickle.PROTO + bytes([oob]) + build_none
         try:
             self.loads(badpickle)
-        except ValueError as detail:
-            self.assertTrue(str(detail).startswith(
-                                            "unsupported pickle protocol"))
+        except ValueError as err:
+            self.assertIn("unsupported pickle protocol", str(err))
         else:
             self.fail("expected bad protocol number to raise ValueError")
 
@@ -866,7 +911,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
             self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG1, s), proto >= 2)
 
     def test_long4(self):
@@ -874,7 +919,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
             self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG4, s), proto >= 2)
 
     def test_short_tuples(self):
@@ -912,9 +957,9 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             for x in a, b, c, d, e:
                 s = self.dumps(x, proto)
                 y = self.loads(s)
-                self.assertEqual(x, y, (proto, x, s, y))
-                expected = expected_opcode[proto, len(x)]
-                self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s), True)
+                self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+                expected = expected_opcode[min(proto, 3), len(x)]
+                self.assertTrue(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s))
 
     def test_singletons(self):
         # Map (proto, singleton) to expected opcode.
@@ -938,8 +983,8 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 s = self.dumps(x, proto)
                 y = self.loads(s)
                 self.assertTrue(x is y, (proto, x, s, y))
-                expected = expected_opcode[proto, x]
-                self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s), True)
+                expected = expected_opcode[min(proto, 3), x]
+                self.assertTrue(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s))
 
     def test_newobj_tuple(self):
         x = MyTuple([1, 2, 3])
@@ -948,8 +993,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(tuple(x), tuple(y))
-            self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
     def test_newobj_list(self):
         x = MyList([1, 2, 3])
@@ -958,8 +1002,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y))
-            self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
     def test_newobj_generic(self):
         for proto in protocols:
@@ -970,6 +1013,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 s = self.dumps(x, proto)
                 y = self.loads(s)
                 detail = (proto, C, B, x, y, type(y))
+                self.assert_is_copy(x, y) # XXX revisit
                 self.assertEqual(B(x), B(y), detail)
                 self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__, detail)
 
@@ -1008,11 +1052,10 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             s1 = self.dumps(x, 1)
             self.assertIn(__name__.encode("utf-8"), s1)
             self.assertIn(b"MyList", s1)
-            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, s1), False)
+            self.assertFalse(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, s1))
 
             y = self.loads(s1)
-            self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y))
-            self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
             # Dump using protocol 2 for test.
             s2 = self.dumps(x, 2)
@@ -1021,9 +1064,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, s2), True, repr(s2))
 
             y = self.loads(s2)
-            self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y))
-            self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__)
-
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
         finally:
             e.restore()
 
@@ -1047,7 +1088,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
             num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s)
             self.assertEqual(num_appends, proto > 0)
 
@@ -1056,7 +1097,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
             num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s)
             if proto == 0:
                 self.assertEqual(num_appends, 0)
@@ -1070,7 +1111,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             self.assertIsInstance(s, bytes_types)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
             num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
             self.assertEqual(num_setitems, proto > 0)
 
@@ -1079,22 +1120,49 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
             y = self.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x, y)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
             num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
             if proto == 0:
                 self.assertEqual(num_setitems, 0)
             else:
                 self.assertTrue(num_setitems >= 2)
 
+    def test_set_chunking(self):
+        n = 10  # too small to chunk
+        x = set(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_additems = count_opcode(pickle.ADDITEMS, s)
+            if proto < 4:
+                self.assertEqual(num_additems, 0)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(num_additems, 1)
+
+        n = 2500  # expect at least two chunks when proto >= 4
+        x = set(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_additems = count_opcode(pickle.ADDITEMS, s)
+            if proto < 4:
+                self.assertEqual(num_additems, 0)
+            else:
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(num_additems, 2)
+
     def test_simple_newobj(self):
         x = object.__new__(SimpleNewObj)  # avoid __init__
         x.abc = 666
         for proto in protocols:
             s = self.dumps(x, proto)
-            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.NEWOBJ, s), proto >= 2)
+            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.NEWOBJ, s),
+                             2 <= proto < 4)
+            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.NEWOBJ_EX, s),
+                             proto >= 4)
             y = self.loads(s)   # will raise TypeError if __init__ called
-            self.assertEqual(y.abc, 666)
-            self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
     def test_newobj_list_slots(self):
         x = SlotList([1, 2, 3])
@@ -1102,10 +1170,7 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         x.bar = "hello"
         s = self.dumps(x, 2)
         y = self.loads(s)
-        self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y))
-        self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__)
-        self.assertEqual(x.foo, y.foo)
-        self.assertEqual(x.bar, y.bar)
+        self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
 
     def test_reduce_overrides_default_reduce_ex(self):
         for proto in protocols:
@@ -1154,11 +1219,10 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @no_tracing
     def test_bad_getattr(self):
+        # Issue #3514: crash when there is an infinite loop in __getattr__
         x = BadGetattr()
-        for proto in 0, 1:
+        for proto in protocols:
             self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, self.dumps, x, proto)
-        # protocol 2 don't raise a RuntimeError.
-        d = self.dumps(x, 2)
 
     def test_reduce_bad_iterator(self):
         # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__()
@@ -1191,11 +1255,10 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         obj = [dict(large_dict), dict(large_dict), dict(large_dict)]
 
         for proto in protocols:
-            dumped = self.dumps(obj, proto)
-            loaded = self.loads(dumped)
-            self.assertEqual(loaded, obj,
-                             "Failed protocol %d: %r != %r"
-                             % (proto, obj, loaded))
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                dumped = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                loaded = self.loads(dumped)
+                self.assert_is_copy(obj, loaded)
 
     def test_attribute_name_interning(self):
         # Test that attribute names of pickled objects are interned when
@@ -1248,6 +1311,35 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         dumped = self.dumps(set([3]), 2)
         self.assertEqual(dumped, DATA6)
 
+    def test_load_python2_str_as_bytes(self):
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('a\x00\xa0', protocol=0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b"S'a\\x00\\xa0'\n.",
+                                    encoding="bytes"), b'a\x00\xa0')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('a\x00\xa0', protocol=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'U\x03a\x00\xa0.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), b'a\x00\xa0')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('a\x00\xa0', protocol=2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'\x80\x02U\x03a\x00\xa0.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), b'a\x00\xa0')
+
+    def test_load_python2_unicode_as_str(self):
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps(u'π', protocol=0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'V\\u03c0\n.',
+                                    encoding='bytes'), 'π')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps(u'π', protocol=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'X\x02\x00\x00\x00\xcf\x80.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), 'π')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps(u'π', protocol=2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'\x80\x02X\x02\x00\x00\x00\xcf\x80.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), 'π')
+
+    def test_load_long_python2_str_as_bytes(self):
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('x' * 300, protocol=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(pickle.BINSTRING +
+                                    struct.pack("<I", 300) +
+                                    b'x' * 300 + pickle.STOP,
+                                    encoding='bytes'), b'x' * 300)
+
     def test_large_pickles(self):
         # Test the correctness of internal buffering routines when handling
         # large data.
@@ -1266,11 +1358,14 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_int_pickling_efficiency(self):
         # Test compacity of int representation (see issue #12744)
         for proto in protocols:
-            sizes = [len(self.dumps(2**n, proto)) for n in range(70)]
-            # the size function is monotonic
-            self.assertEqual(sorted(sizes), sizes)
-            if proto >= 2:
-                self.assertLessEqual(sizes[-1], 14)
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                pickles = [self.dumps(2**n, proto) for n in range(70)]
+                sizes = list(map(len, pickles))
+                # the size function is monotonic
+                self.assertEqual(sorted(sizes), sizes)
+                if proto >= 2:
+                    for p in pickles:
+                        self.assertFalse(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG, p))
 
     def check_negative_32b_binXXX(self, dumped):
         if sys.maxsize > 2**32:
@@ -1301,6 +1396,35 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         dumped = b'\x80\x03X\x01\x00\x00\x00ar\xff\xff\xff\xff.'
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, dumped)
 
+    def test_badly_escaped_string(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, b"S'\\'\n.")
+
+    def test_badly_quoted_string(self):
+        # Issue #17710
+        badpickles = [b"S'\n.",
+                      b'S"\n.',
+                      b'S\' \n.',
+                      b'S" \n.',
+                      b'S\'"\n.',
+                      b'S"\'\n.',
+                      b"S' ' \n.",
+                      b'S" " \n.',
+                      b"S ''\n.",
+                      b'S ""\n.',
+                      b'S \n.',
+                      b'S\n.',
+                      b'S.']
+        for p in badpickles:
+            self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, self.loads, p)
+
+    def test_correctly_quoted_string(self):
+        goodpickles = [(b"S''\n.", ''),
+                       (b'S""\n.', ''),
+                       (b'S"\\n"\n.', '\n'),
+                       (b"S'\\n'\n.", '\n')]
+        for p, expected in goodpickles:
+            self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), expected)
+
     def _check_pickling_with_opcode(self, obj, opcode, proto):
         pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
         self.assertTrue(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, pickled))
@@ -1324,6 +1448,194 @@ class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             else:
                 self._check_pickling_with_opcode(obj, pickle.SETITEMS, proto)
 
+    # Exercise framing (proto >= 4) for significant workloads
+
+    FRAME_SIZE_TARGET = 64 * 1024
+
+    def check_frame_opcodes(self, pickled):
+        """
+        Check the arguments of FRAME opcodes in a protocol 4+ pickle.
+        """
+        frame_opcode_size = 9
+        last_arg = last_pos = None
+        for op, arg, pos in pickletools.genops(pickled):
+            if op.name != 'FRAME':
+                continue
+            if last_pos is not None:
+                # The previous frame's size should be equal to the number
+                # of bytes up to the current frame.
+                frame_size = pos - last_pos - frame_opcode_size
+                self.assertEqual(frame_size, last_arg)
+            last_arg, last_pos = arg, pos
+        # The last frame's size should be equal to the number of bytes up
+        # to the pickle's end.
+        frame_size = len(pickled) - last_pos - frame_opcode_size
+        self.assertEqual(frame_size, last_arg)
+
+    def test_framing_many_objects(self):
+        obj = list(range(10**5))
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                unpickled = self.loads(pickled)
+                self.assertEqual(obj, unpickled)
+                bytes_per_frame = (len(pickled) /
+                                   count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, pickled))
+                self.assertGreater(bytes_per_frame,
+                                   self.FRAME_SIZE_TARGET / 2)
+                self.assertLessEqual(bytes_per_frame,
+                                     self.FRAME_SIZE_TARGET * 1)
+                self.check_frame_opcodes(pickled)
+
+    def test_framing_large_objects(self):
+        N = 1024 * 1024
+        obj = [b'x' * N, b'y' * N, b'z' * N]
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                unpickled = self.loads(pickled)
+                self.assertEqual(obj, unpickled)
+                n_frames = count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, pickled)
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(n_frames, len(obj))
+                self.check_frame_opcodes(pickled)
+
+    def test_optional_frames(self):
+        if pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL < 4:
+            return
+
+        def remove_frames(pickled, keep_frame=None):
+            """Remove frame opcodes from the given pickle."""
+            frame_starts = []
+            # 1 byte for the opcode and 8 for the argument
+            frame_opcode_size = 9
+            for opcode, _, pos in pickletools.genops(pickled):
+                if opcode.name == 'FRAME':
+                    frame_starts.append(pos)
+
+            newpickle = bytearray()
+            last_frame_end = 0
+            for i, pos in enumerate(frame_starts):
+                if keep_frame and keep_frame(i):
+                    continue
+                newpickle += pickled[last_frame_end:pos]
+                last_frame_end = pos + frame_opcode_size
+            newpickle += pickled[last_frame_end:]
+            return newpickle
+
+        frame_size = self.FRAME_SIZE_TARGET
+        num_frames = 20
+        obj = [bytes([i]) * frame_size for i in range(num_frames)]
+
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+
+            frameless_pickle = remove_frames(pickled)
+            self.assertEqual(count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, frameless_pickle), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(obj, self.loads(frameless_pickle))
+
+            some_frames_pickle = remove_frames(pickled, lambda i: i % 2)
+            self.assertLess(count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, some_frames_pickle),
+                            count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, pickled))
+            self.assertEqual(obj, self.loads(some_frames_pickle))
+
+    def test_nested_names(self):
+        global Nested
+        class Nested:
+            class A:
+                class B:
+                    class C:
+                        pass
+
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for obj in [Nested.A, Nested.A.B, Nested.A.B.C]:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, obj=obj):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(obj, proto))
+                    self.assertIs(obj, unpickled)
+
+    def test_py_methods(self):
+        global PyMethodsTest
+        class PyMethodsTest:
+            @staticmethod
+            def cheese():
+                return "cheese"
+            @classmethod
+            def wine(cls):
+                assert cls is PyMethodsTest
+                return "wine"
+            def biscuits(self):
+                assert isinstance(self, PyMethodsTest)
+                return "biscuits"
+            class Nested:
+                "Nested class"
+                @staticmethod
+                def ketchup():
+                    return "ketchup"
+                @classmethod
+                def maple(cls):
+                    assert cls is PyMethodsTest.Nested
+                    return "maple"
+                def pie(self):
+                    assert isinstance(self, PyMethodsTest.Nested)
+                    return "pie"
+
+        py_methods = (
+            PyMethodsTest.cheese,
+            PyMethodsTest.wine,
+            PyMethodsTest().biscuits,
+            PyMethodsTest.Nested.ketchup,
+            PyMethodsTest.Nested.maple,
+            PyMethodsTest.Nested().pie
+        )
+        py_unbound_methods = (
+            (PyMethodsTest.biscuits, PyMethodsTest),
+            (PyMethodsTest.Nested.pie, PyMethodsTest.Nested)
+        )
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for method in py_methods:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, method=method):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(method, proto))
+                    self.assertEqual(method(), unpickled())
+            for method, cls in py_unbound_methods:
+                obj = cls()
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, method=method):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(method, proto))
+                    self.assertEqual(method(obj), unpickled(obj))
+
+    def test_c_methods(self):
+        global Subclass
+        class Subclass(tuple):
+            class Nested(str):
+                pass
+
+        c_methods = (
+            # bound built-in method
+            ("abcd".index, ("c",)),
+            # unbound built-in method
+            (str.index, ("abcd", "c")),
+            # bound "slot" method
+            ([1, 2, 3].__len__, ()),
+            # unbound "slot" method
+            (list.__len__, ([1, 2, 3],)),
+            # bound "coexist" method
+            ({1, 2}.__contains__, (2,)),
+            # unbound "coexist" method
+            (set.__contains__, ({1, 2}, 2)),
+            # built-in class method
+            (dict.fromkeys, (("a", 1), ("b", 2))),
+            # built-in static method
+            (bytearray.maketrans, (b"abc", b"xyz")),
+            # subclass methods
+            (Subclass([1,2,2]).count, (2,)),
+            (Subclass.count, (Subclass([1,2,2]), 2)),
+            (Subclass.Nested("sweet").count, ("e",)),
+            (Subclass.Nested.count, (Subclass.Nested("sweet"), "e")),
+        )
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for method, args in c_methods:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, method=method):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(method, proto))
+                    self.assertEqual(method(*args), unpickled(*args))
+
 
 class BigmemPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -1336,8 +1648,9 @@ class BigmemPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             for proto in protocols:
                 if proto < 2:
                     continue
-                with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
-                    self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+                        self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
         finally:
             data = None
 
@@ -1352,24 +1665,44 @@ class BigmemPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             for proto in protocols:
                 if proto < 3:
                     continue
-                try:
-                    pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
-                    self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[:15])
-                    self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[-15:])
-                finally:
-                    pickled = None
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINBYTES +
+                                  struct.pack("<I", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(data)
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
         finally:
             data = None
 
     @bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=2.5, dry_run=False)
     def test_huge_bytes_64b(self, size):
-        data = b"a" * size
+        data = b"acbd" * (size // 4)
         try:
             for proto in protocols:
                 if proto < 3:
                     continue
-                with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
-                    self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    if proto == 3:
+                        # Protocol 3 does not support large bytes objects.
+                        # Verify that we do not crash when processing one.
+                        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+                            self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINBYTES8 +
+                                  struct.pack("<Q", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(data)
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
         finally:
             data = None
 
@@ -1381,27 +1714,52 @@ class BigmemPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         data = "abcd" * (size // 4)
         try:
             for proto in protocols:
-                try:
-                    pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
-                    self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[:15])
-                    self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[-15:])
-                finally:
-                    pickled = None
+                if proto == 0:
+                    continue
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINUNICODE +
+                                  struct.pack("<I", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(b'abcd')
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                        self.assertEqual((pickled.rindex(b"abcd") + len(b"abcd") -
+                                          pickled.index(b"abcd")), len(data))
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
         finally:
             data = None
 
-    # BINUNICODE (protocols 1, 2 and 3) cannot carry more than
-    # 2**32 - 1 bytes of utf-8 encoded unicode.
+    # BINUNICODE (protocols 1, 2 and 3) cannot carry more than 2**32 - 1 bytes
+    # of utf-8 encoded unicode. BINUNICODE8 (protocol 4) supports these huge
+    # unicode strings however.
 
     @bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=8, dry_run=False)
     def test_huge_str_64b(self, size):
-        data = "a" * size
+        data = "abcd" * (size // 4)
         try:
             for proto in protocols:
                 if proto == 0:
                     continue
-                with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
-                    self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    if proto < 4:
+                        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+                            self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINUNICODE8 +
+                                  struct.pack("<Q", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(b'abcd')
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                        self.assertEqual((pickled.rindex(b"abcd") + len(b"abcd") -
+                                          pickled.index(b"abcd")), len(data))
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
         finally:
             data = None
 
@@ -1445,8 +1803,8 @@ class REX_five(object):
         return object.__reduce__(self)
 
 class REX_six(object):
-    """This class is used to check the 4th argument (list iterator) of the reduce
-    protocol.
+    """This class is used to check the 4th argument (list iterator) of
+    the reduce protocol.
     """
     def __init__(self, items=None):
         self.items = items if items is not None else []
@@ -1458,8 +1816,8 @@ class REX_six(object):
         return type(self), (), None, iter(self.items), None
 
 class REX_seven(object):
-    """This class is used to check the 5th argument (dict iterator) of the reduce
-    protocol.
+    """This class is used to check the 5th argument (dict iterator) of
+    the reduce protocol.
     """
     def __init__(self, table=None):
         self.table = table if table is not None else {}
@@ -1497,10 +1855,16 @@ class MyList(list):
 class MyDict(dict):
     sample = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
 
+class MySet(set):
+    sample = {"a", "b"}
+
+class MyFrozenSet(frozenset):
+    sample = frozenset({"a", "b"})
+
 myclasses = [MyInt, MyFloat,
              MyComplex,
              MyStr, MyUnicode,
-             MyTuple, MyList, MyDict]
+             MyTuple, MyList, MyDict, MySet, MyFrozenSet]
 
 
 class SlotList(MyList):
@@ -1510,6 +1874,8 @@ class SimpleNewObj(object):
     def __init__(self, a, b, c):
         # raise an error, to make sure this isn't called
         raise TypeError("SimpleNewObj.__init__() didn't expect to get called")
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
 
 class BadGetattr:
     def __getattr__(self, key):
@@ -1546,7 +1912,7 @@ class AbstractPickleModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_highest_protocol(self):
         # Of course this needs to be changed when HIGHEST_PROTOCOL changes.
-        self.assertEqual(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL, 4)
 
     def test_callapi(self):
         f = io.BytesIO()
@@ -1731,22 +2097,23 @@ class AbstractPicklerUnpicklerObjectTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def _check_multiple_unpicklings(self, ioclass):
         for proto in protocols:
-            data1 = [(x, str(x)) for x in range(2000)] + [b"abcde", len]
-            f = ioclass()
-            pickler = self.pickler_class(f, protocol=proto)
-            pickler.dump(data1)
-            pickled = f.getvalue()
-
-            N = 5
-            f = ioclass(pickled * N)
-            unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f)
-            for i in range(N):
-                if f.seekable():
-                    pos = f.tell()
-                self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data1)
-                if f.seekable():
-                    self.assertEqual(f.tell(), pos + len(pickled))
-            self.assertRaises(EOFError, unpickler.load)
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                data1 = [(x, str(x)) for x in range(2000)] + [b"abcde", len]
+                f = ioclass()
+                pickler = self.pickler_class(f, protocol=proto)
+                pickler.dump(data1)
+                pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+                N = 5
+                f = ioclass(pickled * N)
+                unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f)
+                for i in range(N):
+                    if f.seekable():
+                        pos = f.tell()
+                    self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data1)
+                    if f.seekable():
+                        self.assertEqual(f.tell(), pos + len(pickled))
+                self.assertRaises(EOFError, unpickler.load)
 
     def test_multiple_unpicklings_seekable(self):
         self._check_multiple_unpicklings(io.BytesIO)
diff --git a/Lib/test/pycacert.pem b/Lib/test/pycacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09b1f3e08a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/pycacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
+        Serial Number: 12723342612721443280 (0xb09264b1f2da21d0)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Jan  4 19:47:07 2013 GMT
+            Not After : Jan  2 19:47:07 2023 GMT
+        Subject: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:e7:de:e9:e3:0c:9f:00:b6:a1:fd:2b:5b:96:d2:
+                    6f:cc:e0:be:86:b9:20:5e:ec:03:7a:55:ab:ea:a4:
+                    e9:f9:49:85:d2:66:d5:ed:c7:7a:ea:56:8e:2d:8f:
+                    e7:42:e2:62:28:a9:9f:d6:1b:8e:eb:b5:b4:9c:9f:
+                    14:ab:df:e6:94:8b:76:1d:3e:6d:24:61:ed:0c:bf:
+                    00:8a:61:0c:df:5c:c8:36:73:16:00:cd:47:ba:6d:
+                    a4:a4:74:88:83:23:0a:19:fc:09:a7:3c:4a:4b:d3:
+                    e7:1d:2d:e4:ea:4c:54:21:f3:26:db:89:37:18:d4:
+                    02:bb:40:32:5f:a4:ff:2d:1c:f7:d4:bb:ec:8e:cf:
+                    5c:82:ac:e6:7c:08:6c:48:85:61:07:7f:25:e0:5c:
+                    e0:bc:34:5f:e0:b9:04:47:75:c8:47:0b:8d:bc:d6:
+                    c8:68:5f:33:83:62:d2:20:44:35:b1:ad:81:1a:8a:
+                    cd:bc:35:b0:5c:8b:47:d6:18:e9:9c:18:97:cc:01:
+                    3c:29:cc:e8:1e:e4:e4:c1:b8:de:e7:c2:11:18:87:
+                    5a:93:34:d8:a6:25:f7:14:71:eb:e4:21:a2:d2:0f:
+                    2e:2e:d4:62:00:35:d3:d6:ef:5c:60:4b:4c:a9:14:
+                    e2:dd:15:58:46:37:33:26:b7:e7:2e:5d:ed:42:e4:
+                    c5:4d
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
+                BC:DD:62:D9:76:DA:1B:D2:54:6B:CF:E0:66:9B:1E:1E:7B:56:0C:0B
+            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
+                keyid:BC:DD:62:D9:76:DA:1B:D2:54:6B:CF:E0:66:9B:1E:1E:7B:56:0C:0B
+
+            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
+                CA:TRUE
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         7d:0a:f5:cb:8d:d3:5d:bd:99:8e:f8:2b:0f:ba:eb:c2:d9:a6:
+         27:4f:2e:7b:2f:0e:64:d8:1c:35:50:4e:ee:fc:90:b9:8d:6d:
+         a8:c5:c6:06:b0:af:f3:2d:bf:3b:b8:42:07:dd:18:7d:6d:95:
+         54:57:85:18:60:47:2f:eb:78:1b:f9:e8:17:fd:5a:0d:87:17:
+         28:ac:4c:6a:e6:bc:29:f4:f4:55:70:29:42:de:85:ea:ab:6c:
+         23:06:64:30:75:02:8e:53:bc:5e:01:33:37:cc:1e:cd:b8:a4:
+         fd:ca:e4:5f:65:3b:83:1c:86:f1:55:02:a0:3a:8f:db:91:b7:
+         40:14:b4:e7:8d:d2:ee:73:ba:e3:e5:34:2d:bc:94:6f:4e:24:
+         06:f7:5f:8b:0e:a7:8e:6b:de:5e:75:f4:32:9a:50:b1:44:33:
+         9a:d0:05:e2:78:82:ff:db:da:8a:63:eb:a9:dd:d1:bf:a0:61:
+         ad:e3:9e:8a:24:5d:62:0e:e7:4c:91:7f:ef:df:34:36:3b:2f:
+         5d:f5:84:b2:2f:c4:6d:93:96:1a:6f:30:28:f1:da:12:9a:64:
+         b4:40:33:1d:bd:de:2b:53:a8:ea:be:d6:bc:4e:96:f5:44:fb:
+         32:18:ae:d5:1f:f6:69:af:b6:4e:7b:1d:58:ec:3b:a9:53:a3:
+         5e:58:c8:9e
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDbTCCAlWgAwIBAgIJALCSZLHy2iHQMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAME0xCzAJBgNV
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+9mmvtk57HVjsO6lTo15YyJ4=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/pycakey.pem b/Lib/test/pycakey.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc6effefb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/pycakey.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDn3unjDJ8AtqH9
+K1uW0m/M4L6GuSBe7AN6VavqpOn5SYXSZtXtx3rqVo4tj+dC4mIoqZ/WG47rtbSc
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+D9h/bswiHNdhp6N82rdgPGiHQx/CxiUoE/+b/nvgNO5mw6qLE2EXbG1e8pAMJcyE
+bHw+YkawggDfELI036fRj5gki8SeUz8nS1nNgElbyQKBgCRDX9Jh+MwSLu4QBWdt
+/fi+lv3K6kun/fI7EOV1vCV/j871tICu7pu5BrOLxAHqoVfU9AUX299/2KjCb5pv
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+UuvXsaPph7GTqPuy4Kab12YC
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/regrtest.py b/Lib/test/regrtest.py
index ae62c6e7a0..c1c831ff86 100755
--- a/Lib/test/regrtest.py
+++ b/Lib/test/regrtest.py
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 #! /usr/bin/env python3
 
 """
-Usage:
+Script to run Python regression tests.
 
+Run this script with -h or --help for documentation.
+"""
+
+USAGE = """\
 python -m test [options] [test_name1 [test_name2 ...]]
 python path/to/Lib/test/regrtest.py [options] [test_name1 [test_name2 ...]]
+"""
 
+DESCRIPTION = """\
+Run Python regression tests.
 
 If no arguments or options are provided, finds all files matching
 the pattern "test_*" in the Lib/test subdirectory and runs
@@ -15,63 +22,10 @@ For more rigorous testing, it is useful to use the following
 command line:
 
 python -E -Wd -m test [options] [test_name1 ...]
+"""
 
-
-Options:
-
--h/--help       -- print this text and exit
---timeout TIMEOUT
-                -- dump the traceback and exit if a test takes more
-                   than TIMEOUT seconds; disabled if TIMEOUT is negative
-                   or equals to zero
---wait          -- wait for user input, e.g., allow a debugger to be attached
-
-Verbosity
-
--v/--verbose    -- run tests in verbose mode with output to stdout
--w/--verbose2   -- re-run failed tests in verbose mode
--W/--verbose3   -- display test output on failure
--d/--debug      -- print traceback for failed tests
--q/--quiet      -- no output unless one or more tests fail
--o/--slow       -- print the slowest 10 tests
-   --header     -- print header with interpreter info
-
-Selecting tests
-
--r/--randomize  -- randomize test execution order (see below)
-   --randseed   -- pass a random seed to reproduce a previous random run
--f/--fromfile   -- read names of tests to run from a file (see below)
--x/--exclude    -- arguments are tests to *exclude*
--s/--single     -- single step through a set of tests (see below)
--m/--match PAT  -- match test cases and methods with glob pattern PAT
--G/--failfast   -- fail as soon as a test fails (only with -v or -W)
--u/--use RES1,RES2,...
-                -- specify which special resource intensive tests to run
--M/--memlimit LIMIT
-                -- run very large memory-consuming tests
-   --testdir DIR
-                -- execute test files in the specified directory (instead
-                   of the Python stdlib test suite)
-
-Special runs
-
--l/--findleaks  -- if GC is available detect tests that leak memory
--L/--runleaks   -- run the leaks(1) command just before exit
--R/--huntrleaks RUNCOUNTS
-                -- search for reference leaks (needs debug build, v. slow)
--j/--multiprocess PROCESSES
-                -- run PROCESSES processes at once
--T/--coverage   -- turn on code coverage tracing using the trace module
--D/--coverdir DIRECTORY
-                -- Directory where coverage files are put
--N/--nocoverdir -- Put coverage files alongside modules
--t/--threshold THRESHOLD
-                -- call gc.set_threshold(THRESHOLD)
--n/--nowindows  -- suppress error message boxes on Windows
--F/--forever    -- run the specified tests in a loop, until an error happens
-
-
-Additional Option Details:
+EPILOG = """\
+Additional option details:
 
 -r randomizes test execution order. You can use --randseed=int to provide a
 int seed value for the randomizer; this is useful for reproducing troublesome
@@ -168,11 +122,12 @@ option '-uall,-gui'.
 # We import importlib *ASAP* in order to test #15386
 import importlib
 
+import argparse
 import builtins
 import faulthandler
-import getopt
 import io
 import json
+import locale
 import logging
 import os
 import platform
@@ -194,7 +149,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
 try:
-    import multiprocessing.process
+    import _multiprocessing, multiprocessing.process
 except ImportError:
     multiprocessing = None
 
@@ -246,20 +201,262 @@ from test import support
 RESOURCE_NAMES = ('audio', 'curses', 'largefile', 'network',
                   'decimal', 'cpu', 'subprocess', 'urlfetch', 'gui')
 
-TEMPDIR = os.path.abspath(tempfile.gettempdir())
-
-def usage(msg):
-    print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-    print("Use --help for usage", file=sys.stderr)
-    sys.exit(2)
-
+# When tests are run from the Python build directory, it is best practice
+# to keep the test files in a subfolder.  This eases the cleanup of leftover
+# files using the "make distclean" command.
+if sysconfig.is_python_build():
+    TEMPDIR = os.path.join(sysconfig.get_config_var('srcdir'), 'build')
+else:
+    TEMPDIR = tempfile.gettempdir()
+TEMPDIR = os.path.abspath(TEMPDIR)
+
+class _ArgParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
+
+    def error(self, message):
+        super().error(message + "\nPass -h or --help for complete help.")
+
+def _create_parser():
+    # Set prog to prevent the uninformative "__main__.py" from displaying in
+    # error messages when using "python -m test ...".
+    parser = _ArgParser(prog='regrtest.py',
+                        usage=USAGE,
+                        description=DESCRIPTION,
+                        epilog=EPILOG,
+                        add_help=False,
+                        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
+
+    # Arguments with this clause added to its help are described further in
+    # the epilog's "Additional option details" section.
+    more_details = '  See the section at bottom for more details.'
+
+    group = parser.add_argument_group('General options')
+    # We add help explicitly to control what argument group it renders under.
+    group.add_argument('-h', '--help', action='help',
+                       help='show this help message and exit')
+    group.add_argument('--timeout', metavar='TIMEOUT', type=float,
+                        help='dump the traceback and exit if a test takes '
+                             'more than TIMEOUT seconds; disabled if TIMEOUT '
+                             'is negative or equals to zero')
+    group.add_argument('--wait', action='store_true',
+                       help='wait for user input, e.g., allow a debugger '
+                            'to be attached')
+    group.add_argument('--slaveargs', metavar='ARGS')
+    group.add_argument('-S', '--start', metavar='START',
+                       help='the name of the test at which to start.' +
+                            more_details)
+
+    group = parser.add_argument_group('Verbosity')
+    group.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='count',
+                       help='run tests in verbose mode with output to stdout')
+    group.add_argument('-w', '--verbose2', action='store_true',
+                       help='re-run failed tests in verbose mode')
+    group.add_argument('-W', '--verbose3', action='store_true',
+                       help='display test output on failure')
+    group.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', action='store_true',
+                       help='no output unless one or more tests fail')
+    group.add_argument('-o', '--slow', action='store_true', dest='print_slow',
+                       help='print the slowest 10 tests')
+    group.add_argument('--header', action='store_true',
+                       help='print header with interpreter info')
+
+    group = parser.add_argument_group('Selecting tests')
+    group.add_argument('-r', '--randomize', action='store_true',
+                       help='randomize test execution order.' + more_details)
+    group.add_argument('--randseed', metavar='SEED',
+                       dest='random_seed', type=int,
+                       help='pass a random seed to reproduce a previous '
+                            'random run')
+    group.add_argument('-f', '--fromfile', metavar='FILE',
+                       help='read names of tests to run from a file.' +
+                            more_details)
+    group.add_argument('-x', '--exclude', action='store_true',
+                       help='arguments are tests to *exclude*')
+    group.add_argument('-s', '--single', action='store_true',
+                       help='single step through a set of tests.' +
+                            more_details)
+    group.add_argument('-m', '--match', metavar='PAT',
+                       dest='match_tests',
+                       help='match test cases and methods with glob pattern PAT')
+    group.add_argument('-G', '--failfast', action='store_true',
+                       help='fail as soon as a test fails (only with -v or -W)')
+    group.add_argument('-u', '--use', metavar='RES1,RES2,...',
+                       action='append', type=resources_list,
+                       help='specify which special resource intensive tests '
+                            'to run.' + more_details)
+    group.add_argument('-M', '--memlimit', metavar='LIMIT',
+                       help='run very large memory-consuming tests.' +
+                            more_details)
+    group.add_argument('--testdir', metavar='DIR',
+                       type=relative_filename,
+                       help='execute test files in the specified directory '
+                            '(instead of the Python stdlib test suite)')
+
+    group = parser.add_argument_group('Special runs')
+    group.add_argument('-l', '--findleaks', action='store_true',
+                       help='if GC is available detect tests that leak memory')
+    group.add_argument('-L', '--runleaks', action='store_true',
+                       help='run the leaks(1) command just before exit.' +
+                            more_details)
+    group.add_argument('-R', '--huntrleaks', metavar='RUNCOUNTS',
+                       type=huntrleaks,
+                       help='search for reference leaks (needs debug build, '
+                            'very slow).' + more_details)
+    group.add_argument('-j', '--multiprocess', metavar='PROCESSES',
+                       dest='use_mp', type=int,
+                       help='run PROCESSES processes at once')
+    group.add_argument('-T', '--coverage', action='store_true',
+                       dest='trace',
+                       help='turn on code coverage tracing using the trace '
+                            'module')
+    group.add_argument('-D', '--coverdir', metavar='DIR',
+                       type=relative_filename,
+                       help='directory where coverage files are put')
+    group.add_argument('-N', '--nocoverdir',
+                       action='store_const', const=None, dest='coverdir',
+                       help='put coverage files alongside modules')
+    group.add_argument('-t', '--threshold', metavar='THRESHOLD',
+                       type=int,
+                       help='call gc.set_threshold(THRESHOLD)')
+    group.add_argument('-n', '--nowindows', action='store_true',
+                       help='suppress error message boxes on Windows')
+    group.add_argument('-F', '--forever', action='store_true',
+                       help='run the specified tests in a loop, until an '
+                            'error happens')
+
+    parser.add_argument('args', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
+                        help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
+
+    return parser
+
+def relative_filename(string):
+    # CWD is replaced with a temporary dir before calling main(), so we
+    # join it with the saved CWD so it ends up where the user expects.
+    return os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, string)
+
+def huntrleaks(string):
+    args = string.split(':')
+    if len(args) not in (2, 3):
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            'needs 2 or 3 colon-separated arguments')
+    nwarmup = int(args[0]) if args[0] else 5
+    ntracked = int(args[1]) if args[1] else 4
+    fname = args[2] if len(args) > 2 and args[2] else 'reflog.txt'
+    return nwarmup, ntracked, fname
+
+def resources_list(string):
+    u = [x.lower() for x in string.split(',')]
+    for r in u:
+        if r == 'all' or r == 'none':
+            continue
+        if r[0] == '-':
+            r = r[1:]
+        if r not in RESOURCE_NAMES:
+            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError('invalid resource: ' + r)
+    return u
 
-def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
+def _parse_args(args, **kwargs):
+    # Defaults
+    ns = argparse.Namespace(testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
          exclude=False, single=False, randomize=False, fromfile=None,
          findleaks=False, use_resources=None, trace=False, coverdir='coverage',
          runleaks=False, huntrleaks=False, verbose2=False, print_slow=False,
          random_seed=None, use_mp=None, verbose3=False, forever=False,
-         header=False, failfast=False, match_tests=None):
+         header=False, failfast=False, match_tests=None)
+    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+        if not hasattr(ns, k):
+            raise TypeError('%r is an invalid keyword argument '
+                            'for this function' % k)
+        setattr(ns, k, v)
+    if ns.use_resources is None:
+        ns.use_resources = []
+
+    parser = _create_parser()
+    parser.parse_args(args=args, namespace=ns)
+
+    if ns.single and ns.fromfile:
+        parser.error("-s and -f don't go together!")
+    if ns.use_mp and ns.trace:
+        parser.error("-T and -j don't go together!")
+    if ns.use_mp and ns.findleaks:
+        parser.error("-l and -j don't go together!")
+    if ns.use_mp and ns.memlimit:
+        parser.error("-M and -j don't go together!")
+    if ns.failfast and not (ns.verbose or ns.verbose3):
+        parser.error("-G/--failfast needs either -v or -W")
+
+    if ns.quiet:
+        ns.verbose = 0
+    if ns.timeout is not None:
+        if hasattr(faulthandler, 'dump_traceback_later'):
+            if ns.timeout <= 0:
+                ns.timeout = None
+        else:
+            print("Warning: The timeout option requires "
+                  "faulthandler.dump_traceback_later")
+            ns.timeout = None
+    if ns.use_mp is not None:
+        if ns.use_mp <= 0:
+            # Use all cores + extras for tests that like to sleep
+            ns.use_mp = 2 + (os.cpu_count() or 1)
+        if ns.use_mp == 1:
+            ns.use_mp = None
+    if ns.use:
+        for a in ns.use:
+            for r in a:
+                if r == 'all':
+                    ns.use_resources[:] = RESOURCE_NAMES
+                    continue
+                if r == 'none':
+                    del ns.use_resources[:]
+                    continue
+                remove = False
+                if r[0] == '-':
+                    remove = True
+                    r = r[1:]
+                if remove:
+                    if r in ns.use_resources:
+                        ns.use_resources.remove(r)
+                elif r not in ns.use_resources:
+                    ns.use_resources.append(r)
+    if ns.random_seed is not None:
+        ns.randomize = True
+
+    return ns
+
+
+def run_test_in_subprocess(testname, ns):
+    """Run the given test in a subprocess with --slaveargs.
+
+    ns is the option Namespace parsed from command-line arguments. regrtest
+    is invoked in a subprocess with the --slaveargs argument; when the
+    subprocess exits, its return code, stdout and stderr are returned as a
+    3-tuple.
+    """
+    from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
+    base_cmd = ([sys.executable] + support.args_from_interpreter_flags() +
+                ['-X', 'faulthandler', '-m', 'test.regrtest'])
+
+    slaveargs = (
+            (testname, ns.verbose, ns.quiet),
+            dict(huntrleaks=ns.huntrleaks,
+                 use_resources=ns.use_resources,
+                 output_on_failure=ns.verbose3,
+                 timeout=ns.timeout, failfast=ns.failfast,
+                 match_tests=ns.match_tests))
+    # Running the child from the same working directory as regrtest's original
+    # invocation ensures that TEMPDIR for the child is the same when
+    # sysconfig.is_python_build() is true. See issue 15300.
+    popen = Popen(base_cmd + ['--slaveargs', json.dumps(slaveargs)],
+                  stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
+                  universal_newlines=True,
+                  close_fds=(os.name != 'nt'),
+                  cwd=support.SAVEDCWD)
+    stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+    retcode = popen.wait()
+    return retcode, stdout, stderr
+
+
+def main(tests=None, **kwargs):
     """Execute a test suite.
 
     This also parses command-line options and modifies its behavior
@@ -282,7 +479,6 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
     directly to set the values that would normally be set by flags
     on the command line.
     """
-
     # Display the Python traceback on fatal errors (e.g. segfault)
     faulthandler.enable(all_threads=True)
 
@@ -298,187 +494,51 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
     replace_stdout()
 
     support.record_original_stdout(sys.stdout)
-    try:
-        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hvqxsoS:rf:lu:t:TD:NLR:FdwWM:nj:Gm:',
-            ['help', 'verbose', 'verbose2', 'verbose3', 'quiet',
-             'exclude', 'single', 'slow', 'randomize', 'fromfile=', 'findleaks',
-             'use=', 'threshold=', 'coverdir=', 'nocoverdir',
-             'runleaks', 'huntrleaks=', 'memlimit=', 'randseed=',
-             'multiprocess=', 'coverage', 'slaveargs=', 'forever', 'debug',
-             'start=', 'nowindows', 'header', 'testdir=', 'timeout=', 'wait',
-             'failfast', 'match='])
-    except getopt.error as msg:
-        usage(msg)
 
-    # Defaults
-    if random_seed is None:
-        random_seed = random.randrange(10000000)
-    if use_resources is None:
-        use_resources = []
-    debug = False
-    start = None
-    timeout = None
-    for o, a in opts:
-        if o in ('-h', '--help'):
-            print(__doc__)
-            return
-        elif o in ('-v', '--verbose'):
-            verbose += 1
-        elif o in ('-w', '--verbose2'):
-            verbose2 = True
-        elif o in ('-d', '--debug'):
-            debug = True
-        elif o in ('-W', '--verbose3'):
-            verbose3 = True
-        elif o in ('-G', '--failfast'):
-            failfast = True
-        elif o in ('-q', '--quiet'):
-            quiet = True;
-            verbose = 0
-        elif o in ('-x', '--exclude'):
-            exclude = True
-        elif o in ('-S', '--start'):
-            start = a
-        elif o in ('-s', '--single'):
-            single = True
-        elif o in ('-o', '--slow'):
-            print_slow = True
-        elif o in ('-r', '--randomize'):
-            randomize = True
-        elif o == '--randseed':
-            randomize = True
-            random_seed = int(a)
-        elif o in ('-f', '--fromfile'):
-            fromfile = a
-        elif o in ('-m', '--match'):
-            match_tests = a
-        elif o in ('-l', '--findleaks'):
-            findleaks = True
-        elif o in ('-L', '--runleaks'):
-            runleaks = True
-        elif o in ('-t', '--threshold'):
-            import gc
-            gc.set_threshold(int(a))
-        elif o in ('-T', '--coverage'):
-            trace = True
-        elif o in ('-D', '--coverdir'):
-            # CWD is replaced with a temporary dir before calling main(), so we
-            # need  join it with the saved CWD so it goes where the user expects.
-            coverdir = os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, a)
-        elif o in ('-N', '--nocoverdir'):
-            coverdir = None
-        elif o in ('-R', '--huntrleaks'):
-            huntrleaks = a.split(':')
-            if len(huntrleaks) not in (2, 3):
-                print(a, huntrleaks)
-                usage('-R takes 2 or 3 colon-separated arguments')
-            if not huntrleaks[0]:
-                huntrleaks[0] = 5
-            else:
-                huntrleaks[0] = int(huntrleaks[0])
-            if not huntrleaks[1]:
-                huntrleaks[1] = 4
-            else:
-                huntrleaks[1] = int(huntrleaks[1])
-            if len(huntrleaks) == 2 or not huntrleaks[2]:
-                huntrleaks[2:] = ["reflog.txt"]
-            # Avoid false positives due to various caches
-            # filling slowly with random data:
-            warm_caches()
-        elif o in ('-M', '--memlimit'):
-            support.set_memlimit(a)
-        elif o in ('-u', '--use'):
-            u = [x.lower() for x in a.split(',')]
-            for r in u:
-                if r == 'all':
-                    use_resources[:] = RESOURCE_NAMES
-                    continue
-                if r == 'none':
-                    del use_resources[:]
-                    continue
-                remove = False
-                if r[0] == '-':
-                    remove = True
-                    r = r[1:]
-                if r not in RESOURCE_NAMES:
-                    usage('Invalid -u/--use option: ' + a)
-                if remove:
-                    if r in use_resources:
-                        use_resources.remove(r)
-                elif r not in use_resources:
-                    use_resources.append(r)
-        elif o in ('-n', '--nowindows'):
-            import msvcrt
-            msvcrt.SetErrorMode(msvcrt.SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS|
-                    msvcrt.SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT|
-                    msvcrt.SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX|
-                    msvcrt.SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX)
-            try:
-                msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode
-            except AttributeError:
-                # release build
-                pass
-            else:
-                for m in [msvcrt.CRT_WARN, msvcrt.CRT_ERROR, msvcrt.CRT_ASSERT]:
-                    msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode(m, msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_FILE)
-                    msvcrt.CrtSetReportFile(m, msvcrt.CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR)
-        elif o in ('-F', '--forever'):
-            forever = True
-        elif o in ('-j', '--multiprocess'):
-            use_mp = int(a)
-            if use_mp <= 0:
-                try:
-                    import multiprocessing
-                    # Use all cores + extras for tests that like to sleep
-                    use_mp = 2 + multiprocessing.cpu_count()
-                except (ImportError, NotImplementedError):
-                    use_mp = 3
-            if use_mp == 1:
-                use_mp = None
-        elif o == '--header':
-            header = True
-        elif o == '--slaveargs':
-            args, kwargs = json.loads(a)
-            try:
-                result = runtest(*args, **kwargs)
-            except KeyboardInterrupt:
-                result = INTERRUPTED, ''
-            except BaseException as e:
-                traceback.print_exc()
-                result = CHILD_ERROR, str(e)
-            sys.stdout.flush()
-            print()   # Force a newline (just in case)
-            print(json.dumps(result))
-            sys.exit(0)
-        elif o == '--testdir':
-            # CWD is replaced with a temporary dir before calling main(), so we
-            # join it with the saved CWD so it ends up where the user expects.
-            testdir = os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, a)
-        elif o == '--timeout':
-            if hasattr(faulthandler, 'dump_traceback_later'):
-                timeout = float(a)
-                if timeout <= 0:
-                    timeout = None
-            else:
-                print("Warning: The timeout option requires "
-                      "faulthandler.dump_traceback_later")
-                timeout = None
-        elif o == '--wait':
-            input("Press any key to continue...")
+    ns = _parse_args(sys.argv[1:], **kwargs)
+
+    if ns.huntrleaks:
+        # Avoid false positives due to various caches
+        # filling slowly with random data:
+        warm_caches()
+    if ns.memlimit is not None:
+        support.set_memlimit(ns.memlimit)
+    if ns.threshold is not None:
+        import gc
+        gc.set_threshold(ns.threshold)
+    if ns.nowindows:
+        import msvcrt
+        msvcrt.SetErrorMode(msvcrt.SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS|
+                            msvcrt.SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT|
+                            msvcrt.SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX|
+                            msvcrt.SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX)
+        try:
+            msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode
+        except AttributeError:
+            # release build
+            pass
         else:
-            print(("No handler for option {}.  Please report this as a bug "
-                   "at http://bugs.python.org.").format(o), file=sys.stderr)
-            sys.exit(1)
-    if single and fromfile:
-        usage("-s and -f don't go together!")
-    if use_mp and trace:
-        usage("-T and -j don't go together!")
-    if use_mp and findleaks:
-        usage("-l and -j don't go together!")
-    if use_mp and support.max_memuse:
-        usage("-M and -j don't go together!")
-    if failfast and not (verbose or verbose3):
-        usage("-G/--failfast needs either -v or -W")
+            for m in [msvcrt.CRT_WARN, msvcrt.CRT_ERROR, msvcrt.CRT_ASSERT]:
+                msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode(m, msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_FILE)
+                msvcrt.CrtSetReportFile(m, msvcrt.CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR)
+    if ns.wait:
+        input("Press any key to continue...")
+
+    if ns.slaveargs is not None:
+        args, kwargs = json.loads(ns.slaveargs)
+        if kwargs.get('huntrleaks'):
+            unittest.BaseTestSuite._cleanup = False
+        try:
+            result = runtest(*args, **kwargs)
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            result = INTERRUPTED, ''
+        except BaseException as e:
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            result = CHILD_ERROR, str(e)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        print()   # Force a newline (just in case)
+        print(json.dumps(result))
+        sys.exit(0)
 
     good = []
     bad = []
@@ -487,12 +547,12 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
     environment_changed = []
     interrupted = False
 
-    if findleaks:
+    if ns.findleaks:
         try:
             import gc
         except ImportError:
             print('No GC available, disabling findleaks.')
-            findleaks = False
+            ns.findleaks = False
         else:
             # Uncomment the line below to report garbage that is not
             # freeable by reference counting alone.  By default only
@@ -500,82 +560,87 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
             #gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL)
             found_garbage = []
 
-    if single:
+    if ns.huntrleaks:
+        unittest.BaseTestSuite._cleanup = False
+
+    if ns.single:
         filename = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, 'pynexttest')
         try:
-            fp = open(filename, 'r')
-            next_test = fp.read().strip()
-            tests = [next_test]
-            fp.close()
-        except IOError:
+            with open(filename, 'r') as fp:
+                next_test = fp.read().strip()
+                tests = [next_test]
+        except OSError:
             pass
 
-    if fromfile:
+    if ns.fromfile:
         tests = []
-        fp = open(os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, fromfile))
-        count_pat = re.compile(r'\[\s*\d+/\s*\d+\]')
-        for line in fp:
-            line = count_pat.sub('', line)
-            guts = line.split() # assuming no test has whitespace in its name
-            if guts and not guts[0].startswith('#'):
-                tests.extend(guts)
-        fp.close()
+        with open(os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, ns.fromfile)) as fp:
+            count_pat = re.compile(r'\[\s*\d+/\s*\d+\]')
+            for line in fp:
+                line = count_pat.sub('', line)
+                guts = line.split() # assuming no test has whitespace in its name
+                if guts and not guts[0].startswith('#'):
+                    tests.extend(guts)
 
     # Strip .py extensions.
-    removepy(args)
+    removepy(ns.args)
     removepy(tests)
 
     stdtests = STDTESTS[:]
     nottests = NOTTESTS.copy()
-    if exclude:
-        for arg in args:
+    if ns.exclude:
+        for arg in ns.args:
             if arg in stdtests:
                 stdtests.remove(arg)
             nottests.add(arg)
-        args = []
+        ns.args = []
 
     # For a partial run, we do not need to clutter the output.
-    if verbose or header or not (quiet or single or tests or args):
+    if ns.verbose or ns.header or not (ns.quiet or ns.single or tests or ns.args):
         # Print basic platform information
         print("==", platform.python_implementation(), *sys.version.split())
         print("==  ", platform.platform(aliased=True),
                       "%s-endian" % sys.byteorder)
+        print("==  ", "hash algorithm:", sys.hash_info.algorithm,
+              "64bit" if sys.maxsize > 2**32 else "32bit")
         print("==  ", os.getcwd())
         print("Testing with flags:", sys.flags)
 
     # if testdir is set, then we are not running the python tests suite, so
     # don't add default tests to be executed or skipped (pass empty values)
-    if testdir:
-        alltests = findtests(testdir, list(), set())
+    if ns.testdir:
+        alltests = findtests(ns.testdir, list(), set())
     else:
-        alltests = findtests(testdir, stdtests, nottests)
+        alltests = findtests(ns.testdir, stdtests, nottests)
 
-    selected = tests or args or alltests
-    if single:
+    selected = tests or ns.args or alltests
+    if ns.single:
         selected = selected[:1]
         try:
             next_single_test = alltests[alltests.index(selected[0])+1]
         except IndexError:
             next_single_test = None
     # Remove all the selected tests that precede start if it's set.
-    if start:
+    if ns.start:
         try:
-            del selected[:selected.index(start)]
+            del selected[:selected.index(ns.start)]
         except ValueError:
-            print("Couldn't find starting test (%s), using all tests" % start)
-    if randomize:
-        random.seed(random_seed)
-        print("Using random seed", random_seed)
+            print("Couldn't find starting test (%s), using all tests" % ns.start)
+    if ns.randomize:
+        if ns.random_seed is None:
+            ns.random_seed = random.randrange(10000000)
+        random.seed(ns.random_seed)
+        print("Using random seed", ns.random_seed)
         random.shuffle(selected)
-    if trace:
+    if ns.trace:
         import trace, tempfile
         tracer = trace.Trace(ignoredirs=[sys.base_prefix, sys.base_exec_prefix,
                                          tempfile.gettempdir()],
                              trace=False, count=True)
 
     test_times = []
-    support.verbose = verbose      # Tell tests to be moderately quiet
-    support.use_resources = use_resources
+    support.verbose = ns.verbose      # Tell tests to be moderately quiet
+    support.use_resources = ns.use_resources
     save_modules = sys.modules.keys()
 
     def accumulate_result(test, result):
@@ -593,7 +658,7 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
             skipped.append(test)
             resource_denieds.append(test)
 
-    if forever:
+    if ns.forever:
         def test_forever(tests=list(selected)):
             while True:
                 for test in tests:
@@ -608,19 +673,16 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
         test_count = '/{}'.format(len(selected))
         test_count_width = len(test_count) - 1
 
-    if use_mp:
+    if ns.use_mp:
         try:
             from threading import Thread
         except ImportError:
             print("Multiprocess option requires thread support")
             sys.exit(2)
         from queue import Queue
-        from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
-        debug_output_pat = re.compile(r"\[\d+ refs\]$")
+        debug_output_pat = re.compile(r"\[\d+ refs, \d+ blocks\]$")
         output = Queue()
         pending = MultiprocessTests(tests)
-        opt_args = support.args_from_interpreter_flags()
-        base_cmd = [sys.executable] + opt_args + ['-m', 'test.regrtest']
         def work():
             # A worker thread.
             try:
@@ -630,24 +692,7 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
                     except StopIteration:
                         output.put((None, None, None, None))
                         return
-                    args_tuple = (
-                        (test, verbose, quiet),
-                        dict(huntrleaks=huntrleaks, use_resources=use_resources,
-                             debug=debug, output_on_failure=verbose3,
-                             timeout=timeout, failfast=failfast,
-                             match_tests=match_tests)
-                    )
-                    # -E is needed by some tests, e.g. test_import
-                    # Running the child from the same working directory ensures
-                    # that TEMPDIR for the child is the same when
-                    # sysconfig.is_python_build() is true. See issue 15300.
-                    popen = Popen(base_cmd + ['--slaveargs', json.dumps(args_tuple)],
-                                   stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
-                                   universal_newlines=True,
-                                   close_fds=(os.name != 'nt'),
-                                   cwd=support.SAVEDCWD)
-                    stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
-                    retcode = popen.wait()
+                    retcode, stdout, stderr = run_test_in_subprocess(test, ns)
                     # Strip last refcount output line if it exists, since it
                     # comes from the shutdown of the interpreter in the subcommand.
                     stderr = debug_output_pat.sub("", stderr)
@@ -664,19 +709,19 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
             except BaseException:
                 output.put((None, None, None, None))
                 raise
-        workers = [Thread(target=work) for i in range(use_mp)]
+        workers = [Thread(target=work) for i in range(ns.use_mp)]
         for worker in workers:
             worker.start()
         finished = 0
         test_index = 1
         try:
-            while finished < use_mp:
+            while finished < ns.use_mp:
                 test, stdout, stderr, result = output.get()
                 if test is None:
                     finished += 1
                     continue
                 accumulate_result(test, result)
-                if not quiet:
+                if not ns.quiet:
                     fmt = "[{1:{0}}{2}/{3}] {4}" if bad else "[{1:{0}}{2}] {4}"
                     print(fmt.format(
                         test_count_width, test_index, test_count,
@@ -699,29 +744,30 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
             worker.join()
     else:
         for test_index, test in enumerate(tests, 1):
-            if not quiet:
+            if not ns.quiet:
                 fmt = "[{1:{0}}{2}/{3}] {4}" if bad else "[{1:{0}}{2}] {4}"
                 print(fmt.format(
                     test_count_width, test_index, test_count, len(bad), test))
                 sys.stdout.flush()
-            if trace:
+            if ns.trace:
                 # If we're tracing code coverage, then we don't exit with status
                 # if on a false return value from main.
-                tracer.runctx('runtest(test, verbose, quiet, timeout=timeout)',
+                tracer.runctx('runtest(test, ns.verbose, ns.quiet, timeout=ns.timeout)',
                               globals=globals(), locals=vars())
             else:
                 try:
-                    result = runtest(test, verbose, quiet, huntrleaks, debug,
-                                     output_on_failure=verbose3,
-                                     timeout=timeout, failfast=failfast,
-                                     match_tests=match_tests)
+                    result = runtest(test, ns.verbose, ns.quiet,
+                                     ns.huntrleaks,
+                                     output_on_failure=ns.verbose3,
+                                     timeout=ns.timeout, failfast=ns.failfast,
+                                     match_tests=ns.match_tests)
                     accumulate_result(test, result)
                 except KeyboardInterrupt:
                     interrupted = True
                     break
                 except:
                     raise
-            if findleaks:
+            if ns.findleaks:
                 gc.collect()
                 if gc.garbage:
                     print("Warning: test created", len(gc.garbage), end=' ')
@@ -742,11 +788,11 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
         omitted = set(selected) - set(good) - set(bad) - set(skipped)
         print(count(len(omitted), "test"), "omitted:")
         printlist(omitted)
-    if good and not quiet:
+    if good and not ns.quiet:
         if not bad and not skipped and not interrupted and len(good) > 1:
             print("All", end=' ')
         print(count(len(good), "test"), "OK.")
-    if print_slow:
+    if ns.print_slow:
         test_times.sort(reverse=True)
         print("10 slowest tests:")
         for time, test in test_times[:10]:
@@ -760,32 +806,19 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
         print("{} altered the execution environment:".format(
                  count(len(environment_changed), "test")))
         printlist(environment_changed)
-    if skipped and not quiet:
+    if skipped and not ns.quiet:
         print(count(len(skipped), "test"), "skipped:")
         printlist(skipped)
 
-        e = _ExpectedSkips()
-        plat = sys.platform
-        if e.isvalid():
-            surprise = set(skipped) - e.getexpected() - set(resource_denieds)
-            if surprise:
-                print(count(len(surprise), "skip"), \
-                      "unexpected on", plat + ":")
-                printlist(surprise)
-            else:
-                print("Those skips are all expected on", plat + ".")
-        else:
-            print("Ask someone to teach regrtest.py about which tests are")
-            print("expected to get skipped on", plat + ".")
-
-    if verbose2 and bad:
+    if ns.verbose2 and bad:
         print("Re-running failed tests in verbose mode")
         for test in bad:
             print("Re-running test %r in verbose mode" % test)
             sys.stdout.flush()
             try:
-                verbose = True
-                ok = runtest(test, True, quiet, huntrleaks, debug, timeout=timeout)
+                ns.verbose = True
+                ok = runtest(test, True, ns.quiet, ns.huntrleaks,
+                             timeout=ns.timeout)
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 # print a newline separate from the ^C
                 print()
@@ -793,18 +826,18 @@ def main(tests=None, testdir=None, verbose=0, quiet=False,
             except:
                 raise
 
-    if single:
+    if ns.single:
         if next_single_test:
             with open(filename, 'w') as fp:
                 fp.write(next_single_test + '\n')
         else:
             os.unlink(filename)
 
-    if trace:
+    if ns.trace:
         r = tracer.results()
-        r.write_results(show_missing=True, summary=True, coverdir=coverdir)
+        r.write_results(show_missing=True, summary=True, coverdir=ns.coverdir)
 
-    if runleaks:
+    if ns.runleaks:
         os.system("leaks %d" % os.getpid())
 
     sys.exit(len(bad) > 0 or interrupted)
@@ -877,7 +910,7 @@ def replace_stdout():
     atexit.register(restore_stdout)
 
 def runtest(test, verbose, quiet,
-            huntrleaks=False, debug=False, use_resources=None,
+            huntrleaks=False, use_resources=None,
             output_on_failure=False, failfast=False, match_tests=None,
             timeout=None):
     """Run a single test.
@@ -885,14 +918,15 @@ def runtest(test, verbose, quiet,
     test -- the name of the test
     verbose -- if true, print more messages
     quiet -- if true, don't print 'skipped' messages (probably redundant)
-    test_times -- a list of (time, test_name) pairs
     huntrleaks -- run multiple times to test for leaks; requires a debug
                   build; a triple corresponding to -R's three arguments
+    use_resources -- list of extra resources to use
     output_on_failure -- if true, display test output on failure
     timeout -- dump the traceback and exit if a test takes more than
                timeout seconds
+    failfast, match_tests -- See regrtest command-line flags for these.
 
-    Returns one of the test result constants:
+    Returns the tuple result, test_time, where result is one of the constants:
         INTERRUPTED      KeyboardInterrupt when run under -j
         RESOURCE_DENIED  test skipped because resource denied
         SKIPPED          test skipped for some other reason
@@ -930,7 +964,7 @@ def runtest(test, verbose, quiet,
                 sys.stdout = stream
                 sys.stderr = stream
                 result = runtest_inner(test, verbose, quiet, huntrleaks,
-                                       debug, display_failure=False)
+                                       display_failure=False)
                 if result[0] == FAILED:
                     output = stream.getvalue()
                     orig_stderr.write(output)
@@ -940,7 +974,7 @@ def runtest(test, verbose, quiet,
                 sys.stderr = orig_stderr
         else:
             support.verbose = verbose  # Tell tests to be moderately quiet
-            result = runtest_inner(test, verbose, quiet, huntrleaks, debug,
+            result = runtest_inner(test, verbose, quiet, huntrleaks,
                                    display_failure=not verbose)
         return result
     finally:
@@ -992,10 +1026,12 @@ class saved_test_environment:
                  'os.environ', 'sys.path', 'sys.path_hooks', '__import__',
                  'warnings.filters', 'asyncore.socket_map',
                  'logging._handlers', 'logging._handlerList', 'sys.gettrace',
-                 'sys.warnoptions', 'threading._dangling',
-                 'multiprocessing.process._dangling',
+                 'sys.warnoptions',
+                 # multiprocessing.process._cleanup() may release ref
+                 # to a thread, so check processes first.
+                 'multiprocessing.process._dangling', 'threading._dangling',
                  'sysconfig._CONFIG_VARS', 'sysconfig._INSTALL_SCHEMES',
-                 'support.TESTFN',
+                 'support.TESTFN', 'locale', 'warnings.showwarning',
                 )
 
     def get_sys_argv(self):
@@ -1123,6 +1159,8 @@ class saved_test_environment:
     def get_multiprocessing_process__dangling(self):
         if not multiprocessing:
             return None
+        # Unjoined process objects can survive after process exits
+        multiprocessing.process._cleanup()
         # This copies the weakrefs without making any strong reference
         return multiprocessing.process._dangling.copy()
     def restore_multiprocessing_process__dangling(self, saved):
@@ -1164,6 +1202,25 @@ class saved_test_environment:
             elif os.path.isdir(support.TESTFN):
                 shutil.rmtree(support.TESTFN)
 
+    _lc = [getattr(locale, lc) for lc in dir(locale)
+           if lc.startswith('LC_')]
+    def get_locale(self):
+        pairings = []
+        for lc in self._lc:
+            try:
+                pairings.append((lc, locale.setlocale(lc, None)))
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                continue
+        return pairings
+    def restore_locale(self, saved):
+        for lc, setting in saved:
+            locale.setlocale(lc, setting)
+
+    def get_warnings_showwarning(self):
+        return warnings.showwarning
+    def restore_warnings_showwarning(self, fxn):
+        warnings.showwarning = fxn
+
     def resource_info(self):
         for name in self.resources:
             method_suffix = name.replace('.', '_')
@@ -1198,7 +1255,7 @@ class saved_test_environment:
 
 
 def runtest_inner(test, verbose, quiet,
-                  huntrleaks=False, debug=False, display_failure=True):
+                  huntrleaks=False, display_failure=True):
     support.unload(test)
 
     test_time = 0.0
@@ -1211,8 +1268,7 @@ def runtest_inner(test, verbose, quiet,
             abstest = 'test.' + test
         with saved_test_environment(test, verbose, quiet) as environment:
             start_time = time.time()
-            the_package = __import__(abstest, globals(), locals(), [])
-            the_module = getattr(the_package, test)
+            the_module = importlib.import_module(abstest)
             # If the test has a test_main, that will run the appropriate
             # tests.  If not, use normal unittest test loading.
             test_runner = getattr(the_module, "test_main", None)
@@ -1221,8 +1277,7 @@ def runtest_inner(test, verbose, quiet,
                 test_runner = lambda: support.run_unittest(tests)
             test_runner()
             if huntrleaks:
-                refleak = dash_R(the_module, test, test_runner,
-                    huntrleaks)
+                refleak = dash_R(the_module, test, test_runner, huntrleaks)
             test_time = time.time() - start_time
     except support.ResourceDenied as msg:
         if not quiet:
@@ -1328,41 +1383,50 @@ def dash_R(the_module, test, indirect_test, huntrleaks):
         for obj in abc.__subclasses__() + [abc]:
             abcs[obj] = obj._abc_registry.copy()
 
-    if indirect_test:
-        def run_the_test():
-            indirect_test()
-    else:
-        def run_the_test():
-            del sys.modules[the_module.__name__]
-            exec('import ' + the_module.__name__)
-
-    deltas = []
     nwarmup, ntracked, fname = huntrleaks
     fname = os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, fname)
     repcount = nwarmup + ntracked
+    rc_deltas = [0] * repcount
+    alloc_deltas = [0] * repcount
+
     print("beginning", repcount, "repetitions", file=sys.stderr)
     print(("1234567890"*(repcount//10 + 1))[:repcount], file=sys.stderr)
     sys.stderr.flush()
-    dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs)
     for i in range(repcount):
-        rc_before = sys.gettotalrefcount()
-        run_the_test()
+        indirect_test()
+        alloc_after, rc_after = dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs)
         sys.stderr.write('.')
         sys.stderr.flush()
-        dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs)
-        rc_after = sys.gettotalrefcount()
         if i >= nwarmup:
-            deltas.append(rc_after - rc_before)
+            rc_deltas[i] = rc_after - rc_before
+            alloc_deltas[i] = alloc_after - alloc_before
+        alloc_before, rc_before = alloc_after, rc_after
     print(file=sys.stderr)
-    if any(deltas):
-        msg = '%s leaked %s references, sum=%s' % (test, deltas, sum(deltas))
-        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.stderr.flush()
-        with open(fname, "a") as refrep:
-            print(msg, file=refrep)
-            refrep.flush()
-        return True
-    return False
+    # These checkers return False on success, True on failure
+    def check_rc_deltas(deltas):
+        return any(deltas)
+    def check_alloc_deltas(deltas):
+        # At least 1/3rd of 0s
+        if 3 * deltas.count(0) < len(deltas):
+            return True
+        # Nothing else than 1s, 0s and -1s
+        if not set(deltas) <= {1,0,-1}:
+            return True
+        return False
+    failed = False
+    for deltas, item_name, checker in [
+        (rc_deltas, 'references', check_rc_deltas),
+        (alloc_deltas, 'memory blocks', check_alloc_deltas)]:
+        if checker(deltas):
+            msg = '%s leaked %s %s, sum=%s' % (
+                test, deltas[nwarmup:], item_name, sum(deltas))
+            print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.stderr.flush()
+            with open(fname, "a") as refrep:
+                print(msg, file=refrep)
+                refrep.flush()
+            failed = True
+    return failed
 
 def dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs):
     import gc, copyreg
@@ -1428,8 +1492,11 @@ def dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs):
     else:
         ctypes._reset_cache()
 
-    # Collect cyclic trash.
+    # Collect cyclic trash and read memory statistics immediately after.
+    func1 = sys.getallocatedblocks
+    func2 = sys.gettotalrefcount
     gc.collect()
+    return func1(), func2()
 
 def warm_caches():
     # char cache
@@ -1472,307 +1539,10 @@ def printlist(x, width=70, indent=4):
     print(fill(' '.join(str(elt) for elt in sorted(x)), width,
                initial_indent=blanks, subsequent_indent=blanks))
 
-# Map sys.platform to a string containing the basenames of tests
-# expected to be skipped on that platform.
-#
-# Special cases:
-#     test_pep277
-#         The _ExpectedSkips constructor adds this to the set of expected
-#         skips if not os.path.supports_unicode_filenames.
-#     test_timeout
-#         Controlled by test_timeout.skip_expected.  Requires the network
-#         resource and a socket module.
-#
-# Tests that are expected to be skipped everywhere except on one platform
-# are also handled separately.
-
-_expectations = (
-    ('win32',
-        """
-        test__locale
-        test_crypt
-        test_curses
-        test_dbm
-        test_devpoll
-        test_fcntl
-        test_fork1
-        test_epoll
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_dbm_ndbm
-        test_grp
-        test_ioctl
-        test_largefile
-        test_kqueue
-        test_openpty
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_pipes
-        test_poll
-        test_posix
-        test_pty
-        test_pwd
-        test_resource
-        test_signal
-        test_syslog
-        test_threadsignals
-        test_wait3
-        test_wait4
-        """),
-    ('linux',
-        """
-        test_curses
-        test_devpoll
-        test_largefile
-        test_kqueue
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        """),
-    ('unixware',
-        """
-        test_epoll
-        test_largefile
-        test_kqueue
-        test_minidom
-        test_openpty
-        test_pyexpat
-        test_sax
-        test_sundry
-        """),
-    ('openunix',
-        """
-        test_epoll
-        test_largefile
-        test_kqueue
-        test_minidom
-        test_openpty
-        test_pyexpat
-        test_sax
-        test_sundry
-        """),
-    ('sco_sv',
-        """
-        test_asynchat
-        test_fork1
-        test_epoll
-        test_gettext
-        test_largefile
-        test_locale
-        test_kqueue
-        test_minidom
-        test_openpty
-        test_pyexpat
-        test_queue
-        test_sax
-        test_sundry
-        test_thread
-        test_threaded_import
-        test_threadedtempfile
-        test_threading
-        """),
-    ('darwin',
-        """
-        test__locale
-        test_curses
-        test_devpoll
-        test_epoll
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_gdb
-        test_largefile
-        test_locale
-        test_minidom
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_poll
-        """),
-    ('sunos',
-        """
-        test_curses
-        test_dbm
-        test_epoll
-        test_kqueue
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_gzip
-        test_openpty
-        test_zipfile
-        test_zlib
-        """),
-    ('hp-ux',
-        """
-        test_curses
-        test_epoll
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_gzip
-        test_largefile
-        test_locale
-        test_kqueue
-        test_minidom
-        test_openpty
-        test_pyexpat
-        test_sax
-        test_zipfile
-        test_zlib
-        """),
-    ('cygwin',
-        """
-        test_curses
-        test_dbm
-        test_devpoll
-        test_epoll
-        test_ioctl
-        test_kqueue
-        test_largefile
-        test_locale
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_socketserver
-        """),
-    ('os2emx',
-        """
-        test_audioop
-        test_curses
-        test_epoll
-        test_kqueue
-        test_largefile
-        test_mmap
-        test_openpty
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_pty
-        test_resource
-        test_signal
-        """),
-    ('freebsd',
-        """
-        test_devpoll
-        test_epoll
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_locale
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_pep277
-        test_pty
-        test_socketserver
-        test_tcl
-        test_tk
-        test_ttk_guionly
-        test_ttk_textonly
-        test_timeout
-        test_urllibnet
-        test_multiprocessing
-        """),
-    ('aix',
-        """
-        test_bz2
-        test_epoll
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_gzip
-        test_kqueue
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_tcl
-        test_tk
-        test_ttk_guionly
-        test_ttk_textonly
-        test_zipimport
-        test_zlib
-        """),
-    ('openbsd',
-        """
-        test_ctypes
-        test_devpoll
-        test_epoll
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_locale
-        test_normalization
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_pep277
-        test_tcl
-        test_tk
-        test_ttk_guionly
-        test_ttk_textonly
-        test_multiprocessing
-        """),
-    ('netbsd',
-        """
-        test_ctypes
-        test_curses
-        test_devpoll
-        test_epoll
-        test_dbm_gnu
-        test_locale
-        test_ossaudiodev
-        test_pep277
-        test_tcl
-        test_tk
-        test_ttk_guionly
-        test_ttk_textonly
-        test_multiprocessing
-        """),
-)
-
-class _ExpectedSkips:
-    def __init__(self):
-        import os.path
-        from test import test_timeout
-
-        self.valid = False
-        expected = None
-        for item in _expectations:
-            if sys.platform.startswith(item[0]):
-                expected = item[1]
-                break
-        if expected is not None:
-            self.expected = set(expected.split())
-
-            # These are broken tests, for now skipped on every platform.
-            # XXX Fix these!
-            self.expected.add('test_nis')
-
-            # expected to be skipped on every platform, even Linux
-            if not os.path.supports_unicode_filenames:
-                self.expected.add('test_pep277')
-
-            # doctest, profile and cProfile tests fail when the codec for the
-            # fs encoding isn't built in because PyUnicode_Decode() adds two
-            # calls into Python.
-            encs = ("utf-8", "latin-1", "ascii", "mbcs", "utf-16", "utf-32")
-            if sys.getfilesystemencoding().lower() not in encs:
-                self.expected.add('test_profile')
-                self.expected.add('test_cProfile')
-                self.expected.add('test_doctest')
-
-            if test_timeout.skip_expected:
-                self.expected.add('test_timeout')
-
-            if sys.platform != "win32":
-                # test_sqlite is only reliable on Windows where the library
-                # is distributed with Python
-                WIN_ONLY = {"test_unicode_file", "test_winreg",
-                            "test_winsound", "test_startfile",
-                            "test_sqlite", "test_msilib"}
-                self.expected |= WIN_ONLY
-
-            if sys.platform != 'sunos5':
-                self.expected.add('test_nis')
-
-            if support.python_is_optimized():
-                self.expected.add("test_gdb")
-
-            self.valid = True
-
-    def isvalid(self):
-        "Return true iff _ExpectedSkips knows about the current platform."
-        return self.valid
-
-    def getexpected(self):
-        """Return set of test names we expect to skip on current platform.
-
-        self.isvalid() must be true.
-        """
-
-        assert self.isvalid()
-        return self.expected
-
-def _make_temp_dir_for_build(TEMPDIR):
-    # When tests are run from the Python build directory, it is best practice
-    # to keep the test files in a subfolder.  It eases the cleanup of leftover
-    # files using command "make distclean".
+
+def main_in_temp_cwd():
+    """Run main() in a temporary working directory."""
     if sysconfig.is_python_build():
-        TEMPDIR = os.path.join(sysconfig.get_config_var('srcdir'), 'build')
-        TEMPDIR = os.path.abspath(TEMPDIR)
         try:
             os.mkdir(TEMPDIR)
         except FileExistsError:
@@ -1781,10 +1551,16 @@ def _make_temp_dir_for_build(TEMPDIR):
     # Define a writable temp dir that will be used as cwd while running
     # the tests. The name of the dir includes the pid to allow parallel
     # testing (see the -j option).
-    TESTCWD = 'test_python_{}'.format(os.getpid())
+    test_cwd = 'test_python_{}'.format(os.getpid())
+    test_cwd = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, test_cwd)
+
+    # Run the tests in a context manager that temporarily changes the CWD to a
+    # temporary and writable directory.  If it's not possible to create or
+    # change the CWD, the original CWD will be used.  The original CWD is
+    # available from support.SAVEDCWD.
+    with support.temp_cwd(test_cwd, quiet=True):
+        main()
 
-    TESTCWD = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, TESTCWD)
-    return TEMPDIR, TESTCWD
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Remove regrtest.py's own directory from the module search path. Despite
@@ -1808,11 +1584,4 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     # sanity check
     assert __file__ == os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])
 
-    TEMPDIR, TESTCWD = _make_temp_dir_for_build(TEMPDIR)
-
-    # Run the tests in a context manager that temporary changes the CWD to a
-    # temporary and writable directory. If it's not possible to create or
-    # change the CWD, the original CWD will be used. The original CWD is
-    # available from support.SAVEDCWD.
-    with support.temp_cwd(TESTCWD, quiet=True):
-        main()
+    main_in_temp_cwd()
diff --git a/Lib/test/revocation.crl b/Lib/test/revocation.crl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d89b08ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/revocation.crl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----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+-----END X509 CRL-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/script_helper.py b/Lib/test/script_helper.py
index ab201649e5..af0545bac2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/script_helper.py
+++ b/Lib/test/script_helper.py
@@ -12,13 +12,22 @@ import contextlib
 import shutil
 import zipfile
 
-from imp import source_from_cache
+from importlib.util import source_from_cache
 from test.support import make_legacy_pyc, strip_python_stderr, temp_dir
 
 # Executing the interpreter in a subprocess
 def _assert_python(expected_success, *args, **env_vars):
-    cmd_line = [sys.executable]
-    if not env_vars:
+    if '__isolated' in env_vars:
+        isolated = env_vars.pop('__isolated')
+    else:
+        isolated = not env_vars
+    cmd_line = [sys.executable, '-X', 'faulthandler']
+    if isolated:
+        # isolated mode: ignore Python environment variables, ignore user
+        # site-packages, and don't add the current directory to sys.path
+        cmd_line.append('-I')
+    elif not env_vars:
+        # ignore Python environment variables
         cmd_line.append('-E')
     # Need to preserve the original environment, for in-place testing of
     # shared library builds.
@@ -39,7 +48,7 @@ def _assert_python(expected_success, *args, **env_vars):
         p.stdout.close()
         p.stderr.close()
     rc = p.returncode
-    err =  strip_python_stderr(err)
+    err = strip_python_stderr(err)
     if (rc and expected_success) or (not rc and not expected_success):
         raise AssertionError(
             "Process return code is %d, "
@@ -49,18 +58,32 @@ def _assert_python(expected_success, *args, **env_vars):
 def assert_python_ok(*args, **env_vars):
     """
     Assert that running the interpreter with `args` and optional environment
-    variables `env_vars` is ok and return a (return code, stdout, stderr) tuple.
+    variables `env_vars` succeeds (rc == 0) and return a (return code, stdout,
+    stderr) tuple.
+
+    If the __cleanenv keyword is set, env_vars is used a fresh environment.
+
+    Python is started in isolated mode (command line option -I),
+    except if the __isolated keyword is set to False.
     """
     return _assert_python(True, *args, **env_vars)
 
 def assert_python_failure(*args, **env_vars):
     """
     Assert that running the interpreter with `args` and optional environment
-    variables `env_vars` fails and return a (return code, stdout, stderr) tuple.
+    variables `env_vars` fails (rc != 0) and return a (return code, stdout,
+    stderr) tuple.
+
+    See assert_python_ok() for more options.
     """
     return _assert_python(False, *args, **env_vars)
 
 def spawn_python(*args, **kw):
+    """Run a Python subprocess with the given arguments.
+
+    kw is extra keyword args to pass to subprocess.Popen. Returns a Popen
+    object.
+    """
     cmd_line = [sys.executable, '-E']
     cmd_line.extend(args)
     return subprocess.Popen(cmd_line, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -68,6 +91,7 @@ def spawn_python(*args, **kw):
                             **kw)
 
 def kill_python(p):
+    """Run the given Popen process until completion and return stdout."""
     p.stdin.close()
     data = p.stdout.read()
     p.stdout.close()
@@ -77,8 +101,10 @@ def kill_python(p):
     subprocess._cleanup()
     return data
 
-def make_script(script_dir, script_basename, source):
-    script_filename = script_basename+os.extsep+'py'
+def make_script(script_dir, script_basename, source, omit_suffix=False):
+    script_filename = script_basename
+    if not omit_suffix:
+        script_filename += os.extsep + 'py'
     script_name = os.path.join(script_dir, script_filename)
     # The script should be encoded to UTF-8, the default string encoding
     script_file = open(script_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
diff --git a/Lib/test/sortperf.py b/Lib/test/sortperf.py
index af7c0b4bd1..90722f7abc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/sortperf.py
+++ b/Lib/test/sortperf.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def randfloats(n):
     fn = os.path.join(td, "rr%06d" % n)
     try:
         fp = open(fn, "rb")
-    except IOError:
+    except OSError:
         r = random.random
         result = [r() for i in range(n)]
         try:
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ def randfloats(n):
                 if fp:
                     try:
                         os.unlink(fn)
-                    except os.error:
+                    except OSError:
                         pass
-        except IOError as msg:
+        except OSError as msg:
             print("can't write", fn, ":", msg)
     else:
         result = marshal.load(fp)
diff --git a/Lib/test/ssl_servers.py b/Lib/test/ssl_servers.py
index 8686153a17..759b3f487e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/ssl_servers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/ssl_servers.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class HTTPSServer(_HTTPServer):
         try:
             sock, addr = self.socket.accept()
             sslconn = self.context.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True)
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             # socket errors are silenced by the caller, print them here
             if support.verbose:
                 sys.stderr.write("Got an error:\n%s\n" % e)
@@ -147,9 +147,11 @@ class HTTPSServerThread(threading.Thread):
         self.server.shutdown()
 
 
-def make_https_server(case, certfile=CERTFILE, host=HOST, handler_class=None):
-    # we assume the certfile contains both private key and certificate
-    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+def make_https_server(case, *, context=None, certfile=CERTFILE,
+                      host=HOST, handler_class=None):
+    if context is None:
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+    # We assume the certfile contains both private key and certificate
     context.load_cert_chain(certfile)
     server = HTTPSServerThread(context, host, handler_class)
     flag = threading.Event()
diff --git a/Lib/test/ssltests.py b/Lib/test/ssltests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b0ed22b95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/ssltests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Convenience test module to run all of the SSL-related tests in the
+# standard library.
+
+import sys
+import subprocess
+
+TESTS = ['test_asyncio', 'test_ftplib', 'test_hashlib', 'test_httplib',
+         'test_imaplib', 'test_nntplib', 'test_poplib', 'test_smtplib',
+         'test_smtpnet', 'test_urllib2_localnet', 'test_venv']
+
+def run_regrtests(*extra_args):
+    args = [sys.executable, "-m", "test"]
+    if not extra_args:
+        args.append("-unetwork")
+    else:
+        args.extend(extra_args)
+    args.extend(TESTS)
+    result = subprocess.call(args)
+    sys.exit(result)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    run_regrtests(*sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/Lib/test/string_tests.py b/Lib/test/string_tests.py
index 4800d6d7f2..5ed01f2979 100644
--- a/Lib/test/string_tests.py
+++ b/Lib/test/string_tests.py
@@ -327,13 +327,26 @@ class BaseTest:
         self.checkraises(TypeError, 'hello', 'upper', 42)
 
     def test_expandtabs(self):
-        self.checkequal('abc\rab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi', 'expandtabs')
-        self.checkequal('abc\rab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi', 'expandtabs', 8)
-        self.checkequal('abc\rab  def\ng   hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi', 'expandtabs', 4)
-        self.checkequal('abc\r\nab  def\ng   hi', 'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi', 'expandtabs', 4)
-        self.checkequal('abc\rab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi', 'expandtabs')
-        self.checkequal('abc\rab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi', 'expandtabs', 8)
-        self.checkequal('abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi', 'abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi', 'expandtabs', 4)
+        self.checkequal('abc\rab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs')
+        self.checkequal('abc\rab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs', 8)
+        self.checkequal('abc\rab  def\ng   hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs', 4)
+        self.checkequal('abc\r\nab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs')
+        self.checkequal('abc\r\nab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs', 8)
+        self.checkequal('abc\r\nab  def\ng   hi', 'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs', 4)
+        self.checkequal('abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi', 'abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi',
+                        'expandtabs', 4)
+        # check keyword args
+        self.checkequal('abc\rab      def\ng       hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs', tabsize=8)
+        self.checkequal('abc\rab  def\ng   hi', 'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi',
+                        'expandtabs', tabsize=4)
+
         self.checkequal('  a\n b', ' \ta\n\tb', 'expandtabs', 1)
 
         self.checkraises(TypeError, 'hello', 'expandtabs', 42, 42)
@@ -1165,7 +1178,8 @@ class MixinStrUnicodeUserStringTest:
         self.checkraises(TypeError, 'abc', '__mod__')
         self.checkraises(TypeError, '%(foo)s', '__mod__', 42)
         self.checkraises(TypeError, '%s%s', '__mod__', (42,))
-        self.checkraises(TypeError, '%c', '__mod__', (None,))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.checkraises(TypeError, '%c', '__mod__', (None,))
         self.checkraises(ValueError, '%(foo', '__mod__', {})
         self.checkraises(TypeError, '%(foo)s %(bar)s', '__mod__', ('foo', 42))
         self.checkraises(TypeError, '%d', '__mod__', "42") # not numeric
diff --git a/Lib/test/subprocessdata/fd_status.py b/Lib/test/subprocessdata/fd_status.py
index 1f61e13a34..d12bd95abe 100644
--- a/Lib/test/subprocessdata/fd_status.py
+++ b/Lib/test/subprocessdata/fd_status.py
@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
 """When called as a script, print a comma-separated list of the open
-file descriptors on stdout."""
+file descriptors on stdout.
+
+Usage:
+fd_stats.py: check all file descriptors
+fd_status.py fd1 fd2 ...: check only specified file descriptors
+"""
 
 import errno
 import os
-
-try:
-    _MAXFD = os.sysconf("SC_OPEN_MAX")
-except:
-    _MAXFD = 256
+import stat
+import sys
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     fds = []
-    for fd in range(0, _MAXFD):
+    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
+        try:
+            _MAXFD = os.sysconf("SC_OPEN_MAX")
+        except:
+            _MAXFD = 256
+        test_fds = range(0, _MAXFD)
+    else:
+        test_fds = map(int, sys.argv[1:])
+    for fd in test_fds:
         try:
             st = os.fstat(fd)
         except OSError as e:
@@ -19,6 +29,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 continue
             raise
         # Ignore Solaris door files
-        if st.st_mode & 0xF000 != 0xd000:
+        if not stat.S_ISDOOR(st.st_mode):
             fds.append(fd)
     print(','.join(map(str, fds)))
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
index 5c03f54d5c..9857f9dca4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ import shutil
 import warnings
 import unittest
 import importlib
+import importlib.util
 import collections.abc
 import re
 import subprocess
-import imp
 import time
 import sysconfig
 import fnmatch
@@ -56,26 +56,49 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     lzma = None
 
+try:
+    import resource
+except ImportError:
+    resource = None
+
 __all__ = [
-    "Error", "TestFailed", "ResourceDenied", "import_module", "verbose",
-    "use_resources", "max_memuse", "record_original_stdout",
-    "get_original_stdout", "unload", "unlink", "rmtree", "forget",
+    # globals
+    "PIPE_MAX_SIZE", "verbose", "max_memuse", "use_resources", "failfast",
+    # exceptions
+    "Error", "TestFailed", "ResourceDenied",
+    # imports
+    "import_module", "import_fresh_module", "CleanImport",
+    # modules
+    "unload", "forget",
+    # io
+    "record_original_stdout", "get_original_stdout", "captured_stdout",
+    "captured_stdin", "captured_stderr",
+    # filesystem
+    "TESTFN", "SAVEDCWD", "unlink", "rmtree", "temp_cwd", "findfile",
+    "create_empty_file", "can_symlink", "fs_is_case_insensitive",
+    # unittest
     "is_resource_enabled", "requires", "requires_freebsd_version",
-    "requires_linux_version", "requires_mac_ver", "find_unused_port",
-    "bind_port", "IPV6_ENABLED", "is_jython", "TESTFN", "HOST", "SAVEDCWD",
-    "temp_cwd", "findfile", "create_empty_file", "sortdict",
-    "check_syntax_error", "open_urlresource", "check_warnings", "CleanImport",
-    "EnvironmentVarGuard", "TransientResource", "captured_stdout",
-    "captured_stdin", "captured_stderr", "time_out", "socket_peer_reset",
-    "ioerror_peer_reset", "run_with_locale", 'temp_umask',
-    "transient_internet", "set_memlimit", "bigmemtest", "bigaddrspacetest",
-    "BasicTestRunner", "run_unittest", "run_doctest", "threading_setup",
-    "threading_cleanup", "reap_children", "cpython_only", "check_impl_detail",
-    "get_attribute", "swap_item", "swap_attr", "requires_IEEE_754",
-    "TestHandler", "Matcher", "can_symlink", "skip_unless_symlink",
-    "skip_unless_xattr", "import_fresh_module", "requires_zlib",
-    "PIPE_MAX_SIZE", "failfast", "anticipate_failure", "run_with_tz",
-    "requires_gzip", "requires_bz2", "requires_lzma", "suppress_crash_popup",
+    "requires_linux_version", "requires_mac_ver", "check_syntax_error",
+    "TransientResource", "time_out", "socket_peer_reset", "ioerror_peer_reset",
+    "transient_internet", "BasicTestRunner", "run_unittest", "run_doctest",
+    "skip_unless_symlink", "requires_gzip", "requires_bz2", "requires_lzma",
+    "bigmemtest", "bigaddrspacetest", "cpython_only", "get_attribute",
+    "requires_IEEE_754", "skip_unless_xattr", "requires_zlib",
+    "anticipate_failure",
+    # sys
+    "is_jython", "check_impl_detail",
+    # network
+    "HOST", "IPV6_ENABLED", "find_unused_port", "bind_port", "open_urlresource",
+    # processes
+    'temp_umask', "reap_children",
+    # logging
+    "TestHandler",
+    # threads
+    "threading_setup", "threading_cleanup",
+    # miscellaneous
+    "check_warnings", "EnvironmentVarGuard", "run_with_locale", "swap_item",
+    "swap_attr", "Matcher", "set_memlimit", "SuppressCrashReport", "sortdict",
+    "run_with_tz",
     ]
 
 class Error(Exception):
@@ -97,7 +120,8 @@ def _ignore_deprecated_imports(ignore=True):
     """Context manager to suppress package and module deprecation
     warnings when importing them.
 
-    If ignore is False, this context manager has no effect."""
+    If ignore is False, this context manager has no effect.
+    """
     if ignore:
         with warnings.catch_warnings():
             warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", ".+ (module|package)",
@@ -107,16 +131,21 @@ def _ignore_deprecated_imports(ignore=True):
         yield
 
 
-def import_module(name, deprecated=False):
+def import_module(name, deprecated=False, *, required_on=()):
     """Import and return the module to be tested, raising SkipTest if
     it is not available.
 
     If deprecated is True, any module or package deprecation messages
-    will be suppressed."""
+    will be suppressed. If a module is required on a platform but optional for
+    others, set required_on to an iterable of platform prefixes which will be
+    compared against sys.platform.
+    """
     with _ignore_deprecated_imports(deprecated):
         try:
             return importlib.import_module(name)
         except ImportError as msg:
+            if sys.platform.startswith(tuple(required_on)):
+                raise
             raise unittest.SkipTest(str(msg))
 
 
@@ -302,25 +331,20 @@ else:
 def unlink(filename):
     try:
         _unlink(filename)
-    except OSError as error:
-        # The filename need not exist.
-        if error.errno not in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ENOTDIR):
-            raise
+    except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+        pass
 
 def rmdir(dirname):
     try:
         _rmdir(dirname)
-    except OSError as error:
-        # The directory need not exist.
-        if error.errno != errno.ENOENT:
-            raise
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
 
 def rmtree(path):
     try:
         _rmtree(path)
-    except OSError as error:
-        if error.errno != errno.ENOENT:
-            raise
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
 
 def make_legacy_pyc(source):
     """Move a PEP 3147 pyc/pyo file to its legacy pyc/pyo location.
@@ -332,7 +356,7 @@ def make_legacy_pyc(source):
         does not need to exist, however the PEP 3147 pyc file must exist.
     :return: The file system path to the legacy pyc file.
     """
-    pyc_file = imp.cache_from_source(source)
+    pyc_file = importlib.util.cache_from_source(source)
     up_one = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(source))
     legacy_pyc = os.path.join(up_one, source + ('c' if __debug__ else 'o'))
     os.rename(pyc_file, legacy_pyc)
@@ -351,8 +375,8 @@ def forget(modname):
         # combinations of PEP 3147 and legacy pyc and pyo files.
         unlink(source + 'c')
         unlink(source + 'o')
-        unlink(imp.cache_from_source(source, debug_override=True))
-        unlink(imp.cache_from_source(source, debug_override=False))
+        unlink(importlib.util.cache_from_source(source, debug_override=True))
+        unlink(importlib.util.cache_from_source(source, debug_override=False))
 
 # On some platforms, should not run gui test even if it is allowed
 # in `use_resources'.
@@ -513,7 +537,7 @@ def find_unused_port(family=socket.AF_INET, socktype=socket.SOCK_STREAM):
     the SO_REUSEADDR socket option having different semantics on Windows versus
     Unix/Linux.  On Unix, you can't have two AF_INET SOCK_STREAM sockets bind,
     listen and then accept connections on identical host/ports.  An EADDRINUSE
-    socket.error will be raised at some point (depending on the platform and
+    OSError will be raised at some point (depending on the platform and
     the order bind and listen were called on each socket).
 
     However, on Windows, if SO_REUSEADDR is set on the sockets, no EADDRINUSE
@@ -591,9 +615,9 @@ def _is_ipv6_enabled():
         sock = None
         try:
             sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-            sock.bind(('::1', 0))
+            sock.bind((HOSTv6, 0))
             return True
-        except (socket.error, socket.gaierror):
+        except OSError:
             pass
         finally:
             if sock:
@@ -1180,9 +1204,9 @@ class TransientResource(object):
 # Context managers that raise ResourceDenied when various issues
 # with the Internet connection manifest themselves as exceptions.
 # XXX deprecate these and use transient_internet() instead
-time_out = TransientResource(IOError, errno=errno.ETIMEDOUT)
-socket_peer_reset = TransientResource(socket.error, errno=errno.ECONNRESET)
-ioerror_peer_reset = TransientResource(IOError, errno=errno.ECONNRESET)
+time_out = TransientResource(OSError, errno=errno.ETIMEDOUT)
+socket_peer_reset = TransientResource(OSError, errno=errno.ECONNRESET)
+ioerror_peer_reset = TransientResource(OSError, errno=errno.ECONNRESET)
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -1228,17 +1252,17 @@ def transient_internet(resource_name, *, timeout=30.0, errnos=()):
         if timeout is not None:
             socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
         yield
-    except IOError as err:
+    except OSError as err:
         # urllib can wrap original socket errors multiple times (!), we must
         # unwrap to get at the original error.
         while True:
             a = err.args
-            if len(a) >= 1 and isinstance(a[0], IOError):
+            if len(a) >= 1 and isinstance(a[0], OSError):
                 err = a[0]
             # The error can also be wrapped as args[1]:
             #    except socket.error as msg:
-            #        raise IOError('socket error', msg).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
-            elif len(a) >= 2 and isinstance(a[1], IOError):
+            #        raise OSError('socket error', msg).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
+            elif len(a) >= 2 and isinstance(a[1], OSError):
                 err = a[1]
             else:
                 break
@@ -1697,9 +1721,18 @@ def run_unittest(*classes):
 #=======================================================================
 # Check for the presence of docstrings.
 
-HAVE_DOCSTRINGS = (check_impl_detail(cpython=False) or
-                   sys.platform == 'win32' or
-                   sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_DOC_STRINGS'))
+# Rather than trying to enumerate all the cases where docstrings may be
+# disabled, we just check for that directly
+
+def _check_docstrings():
+    """Just used to check if docstrings are enabled"""
+
+MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS = (check_impl_detail() and
+                        sys.platform != 'win32' and
+                        not sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_DOC_STRINGS'))
+
+HAVE_DOCSTRINGS = (_check_docstrings.__doc__ is not None and
+                   not MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS)
 
 requires_docstrings = unittest.skipUnless(HAVE_DOCSTRINGS,
                                           "test requires docstrings")
@@ -1774,12 +1807,12 @@ def threading_setup():
 def threading_cleanup(*original_values):
     if not _thread:
         return
-    _MAX_COUNT = 10
+    _MAX_COUNT = 100
     for count in range(_MAX_COUNT):
         values = _thread._count(), threading._dangling
         if values == original_values:
             break
-        time.sleep(0.1)
+        time.sleep(0.01)
         gc_collect()
     # XXX print a warning in case of failure?
 
@@ -1881,7 +1914,7 @@ def strip_python_stderr(stderr):
     This will typically be run on the result of the communicate() method
     of a subprocess.Popen object.
     """
-    stderr = re.sub(br"\[\d+ refs\]\r?\n?", b"", stderr).strip()
+    stderr = re.sub(br"\[\d+ refs, \d+ blocks\]\r?\n?", b"", stderr).strip()
     return stderr
 
 def args_from_interpreter_flags():
@@ -2012,27 +2045,81 @@ def skip_unless_xattr(test):
     return test if ok else unittest.skip(msg)(test)
 
 
-if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
-    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def suppress_crash_popup():
-        """Disable Windows Error Reporting dialogs using SetErrorMode."""
-        # see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
-        # GetErrorMode is not available on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003,
-        # but SetErrorMode returns the previous value, so we can use that
-        import ctypes
-        k32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
-        SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX = 0x02
-        old_error_mode = k32.SetErrorMode(SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX)
-        k32.SetErrorMode(old_error_mode | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX)
-        try:
-            yield
-        finally:
-            k32.SetErrorMode(old_error_mode)
-else:
-    # this is a no-op for other platforms
-    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def suppress_crash_popup():
-        yield
+def fs_is_case_insensitive(directory):
+    """Detects if the file system for the specified directory is case-insensitive."""
+    base_fp, base_path = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=directory)
+    case_path = base_path.upper()
+    if case_path == base_path:
+        case_path = base_path.lower()
+    try:
+        return os.path.samefile(base_path, case_path)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+    finally:
+        os.unlink(base_path)
+
+
+class SuppressCrashReport:
+    """Try to prevent a crash report from popping up.
+
+    On Windows, don't display the Windows Error Reporting dialog.  On UNIX,
+    disable the creation of coredump file.
+    """
+    old_value = None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        """On Windows, disable Windows Error Reporting dialogs using
+        SetErrorMode.
+
+        On UNIX, try to save the previous core file size limit, then set
+        soft limit to 0.
+        """
+        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+            # see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621.aspx
+            # GetErrorMode is not available on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003,
+            # but SetErrorMode returns the previous value, so we can use that
+            import ctypes
+            self._k32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
+            SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX = 0x02
+            self.old_value = self._k32.SetErrorMode(SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX)
+            self._k32.SetErrorMode(self.old_value | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX)
+        else:
+            if resource is not None:
+                try:
+                    self.old_value = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE)
+                    resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE,
+                                       (0, self.old_value[1]))
+                except (ValueError, OSError):
+                    pass
+            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+                # Check if the 'Crash Reporter' on OSX was configured
+                # in 'Developer' mode and warn that it will get triggered
+                # when it is.
+                #
+                # This assumes that this context manager is used in tests
+                # that might trigger the next manager.
+                value = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/defaults', 'read',
+                        'com.apple.CrashReporter', 'DialogType'],
+                        stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
+                if value.strip() == b'developer':
+                    print("this test triggers the Crash Reporter, "
+                          "that is intentional", end='', flush=True)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *ignore_exc):
+        """Restore Windows ErrorMode or core file behavior to initial value."""
+        if self.old_value is None:
+            return
+
+        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+            self._k32.SetErrorMode(self.old_value)
+        else:
+            if resource is not None:
+                try:
+                    resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE, self.old_value)
+                except (ValueError, OSError):
+                    pass
 
 
 def patch(test_instance, object_to_patch, attr_name, new_value):
@@ -2067,3 +2154,23 @@ def patch(test_instance, object_to_patch, attr_name, new_value):
 
     # actually override the attribute
     setattr(object_to_patch, attr_name, new_value)
+
+
+def run_in_subinterp(code):
+    """
+    Run code in a subinterpreter. Raise unittest.SkipTest if the tracemalloc
+    module is enabled.
+    """
+    # Issue #10915, #15751: PyGILState_*() functions don't work with
+    # sub-interpreters, the tracemalloc module uses these functions internally
+    try:
+        import tracemalloc
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        if tracemalloc.is_tracing():
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("run_in_subinterp() cannot be used "
+                                     "if tracemalloc module is tracing "
+                                     "memory allocations")
+    import _testcapi
+    return _testcapi.run_in_subinterp(code)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test___all__.py b/Lib/test/test___all__.py
index 608ec01f14..8cc285f70a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test___all__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test___all__.py
@@ -29,17 +29,20 @@ class AllTest(unittest.TestCase):
         if not hasattr(sys.modules[modname], "__all__"):
             raise NoAll(modname)
         names = {}
-        try:
-            exec("from %s import *" % modname, names)
-        except Exception as e:
-            # Include the module name in the exception string
-            self.fail("__all__ failure in {}: {}: {}".format(
-                      modname, e.__class__.__name__, e))
-        if "__builtins__" in names:
-            del names["__builtins__"]
-        keys = set(names)
-        all = set(sys.modules[modname].__all__)
-        self.assertEqual(keys, all)
+        with self.subTest(module=modname):
+            try:
+                exec("from %s import *" % modname, names)
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Include the module name in the exception string
+                self.fail("__all__ failure in {}: {}: {}".format(
+                          modname, e.__class__.__name__, e))
+            if "__builtins__" in names:
+                del names["__builtins__"]
+            keys = set(names)
+            all_list = sys.modules[modname].__all__
+            all_set = set(all_list)
+            self.assertCountEqual(all_set, all_list, "in module {}".format(modname))
+            self.assertEqual(keys, all_set, "in module {}".format(modname))
 
     def walk_modules(self, basedir, modpath):
         for fn in sorted(os.listdir(basedir)):
@@ -110,8 +113,5 @@ class AllTest(unittest.TestCase):
             print('Following modules failed to be imported:', failed_imports)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(AllTest)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test__opcode.py b/Lib/test/test__opcode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0152e9d94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test__opcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import dis
+from test.support import run_unittest, import_module
+import unittest
+
+_opcode = import_module("_opcode")
+
+class OpcodeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_stack_effect(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_opcode.stack_effect(dis.opmap['POP_TOP']), -1)
+        self.assertEqual(_opcode.stack_effect(dis.opmap['DUP_TOP_TWO']), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(_opcode.stack_effect(dis.opmap['BUILD_SLICE'], 0), -1)
+        self.assertEqual(_opcode.stack_effect(dis.opmap['BUILD_SLICE'], 1), -1)
+        self.assertEqual(_opcode.stack_effect(dis.opmap['BUILD_SLICE'], 3), -2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, _opcode.stack_effect, 30000)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, _opcode.stack_effect, dis.opmap['BUILD_SLICE'])
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, _opcode.stack_effect, dis.opmap['POP_TOP'], 0)
+
+def test_main():
+    run_unittest(OpcodeTests)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_abc.py b/Lib/test/test_abc.py
index d4d7556518..93f9dae215 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_abc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_abc.py
@@ -68,6 +68,19 @@ class TestLegacyAPI(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestABC(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    def test_ABC_helper(self):
+        # create an ABC using the helper class and perform basic checks
+        class C(abc.ABC):
+            @classmethod
+            @abc.abstractmethod
+            def foo(cls): return cls.__name__
+        self.assertEqual(type(C), abc.ABCMeta)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+        class D(C):
+            @classmethod
+            def foo(cls): return super().foo()
+        self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 'D')
+
     def test_abstractmethod_basics(self):
         @abc.abstractmethod
         def foo(self): pass
@@ -288,7 +301,10 @@ class TestABC(unittest.TestCase):
         b = B()
         self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, A))
         self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, (A,)))
+        token_old = abc.get_cache_token()
         A.register(B)
+        token_new = abc.get_cache_token()
+        self.assertNotEqual(token_old, token_new)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, A))
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, (A,)))
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_aifc.py b/Lib/test/test_aifc.py
index 10260e3269..ab5143787b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_aifc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_aifc.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from test.support import findfile, TESTFN, unlink
 import unittest
 from test import audiotests
+from audioop import byteswap
 import os
 import io
 import sys
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class AifcULAWTest(AifcTest, unittest.TestCase):
       E5040CBC 617C0A3C 08BC0A3C 2C7C0B3C 517C0E3C 8A8410FC B6840EBC 457C0A3C \
       """)
     if sys.byteorder != 'big':
-        frames = audiotests.byteswap2(frames)
+        frames = byteswap(frames, 2)
 
 
 class AifcALAWTest(AifcTest, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ class AifcALAWTest(AifcTest, unittest.TestCase):
       E4800CC0 62000A40 08C00A40 2B000B40 52000E40 8A001180 B6000EC0 46000A40 \
       """)
     if sys.byteorder != 'big':
-        frames = audiotests.byteswap2(frames)
+        frames = byteswap(frames, 2)
 
 
 class AifcMiscTest(audiotests.AudioTests, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -149,6 +150,21 @@ class AifcMiscTest(audiotests.AudioTests, unittest.TestCase):
         #This file contains chunk types aifc doesn't recognize.
         self.f = aifc.open(findfile('Sine-1000Hz-300ms.aif'))
 
+    def test_params_added(self):
+        f = self.f = aifc.open(TESTFN, 'wb')
+        f.aiff()
+        f.setparams((1, 1, 1, 1, b'NONE', b''))
+        f.close()
+
+        f = self.f = aifc.open(TESTFN, 'rb')
+        params = f.getparams()
+        self.assertEqual(params.nchannels, f.getnchannels())
+        self.assertEqual(params.sampwidth, f.getsampwidth())
+        self.assertEqual(params.framerate, f.getframerate())
+        self.assertEqual(params.nframes, f.getnframes())
+        self.assertEqual(params.comptype, f.getcomptype())
+        self.assertEqual(params.compname, f.getcompname())
+
     def test_write_header_comptype_sampwidth(self):
         for comptype in (b'ULAW', b'ulaw', b'ALAW', b'alaw', b'G722'):
             fout = aifc.open(io.BytesIO(), 'wb')
@@ -352,12 +368,14 @@ class AIFCLowLevelTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_write_aiff_by_extension(self):
         sampwidth = 2
-        fout = self.fout = aifc.open(TESTFN + '.aiff', 'wb')
+        filename = TESTFN + '.aiff'
+        fout = self.fout = aifc.open(filename, 'wb')
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, filename)
         fout.setparams((1, sampwidth, 1, 1, b'ULAW', b''))
         frames = b'\x00' * fout.getnchannels() * sampwidth
         fout.writeframes(frames)
         fout.close()
-        f = self.f = aifc.open(TESTFN + '.aiff', 'rb')
+        f = self.f = aifc.open(filename, 'rb')
         self.assertEqual(f.getcomptype(), b'NONE')
         f.close()
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_argparse.py b/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
index 9cb15c78bd..25ba9e62d1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import argparse
 from io import StringIO
 
 from test import support
+from unittest import mock
 class StdIOBuffer(StringIO):
     pass
 
@@ -1421,6 +1422,19 @@ class TestFileTypeRepr(TestCase):
         type = argparse.FileType('wb', 1)
         self.assertEqual("FileType('wb', 1)", repr(type))
 
+    def test_r_latin(self):
+        type = argparse.FileType('r', encoding='latin_1')
+        self.assertEqual("FileType('r', encoding='latin_1')", repr(type))
+
+    def test_w_big5_ignore(self):
+        type = argparse.FileType('w', encoding='big5', errors='ignore')
+        self.assertEqual("FileType('w', encoding='big5', errors='ignore')",
+                         repr(type))
+
+    def test_r_1_replace(self):
+        type = argparse.FileType('r', 1, errors='replace')
+        self.assertEqual("FileType('r', 1, errors='replace')", repr(type))
+
 
 class RFile(object):
     seen = {}
@@ -1557,6 +1571,24 @@ class TestFileTypeWB(TempDirMixin, ParserTestCase):
     ]
 
 
+class TestFileTypeOpenArgs(TestCase):
+    """Test that open (the builtin) is correctly called"""
+
+    def test_open_args(self):
+        FT = argparse.FileType
+        cases = [
+            (FT('rb'), ('rb', -1, None, None)),
+            (FT('w', 1), ('w', 1, None, None)),
+            (FT('w', errors='replace'), ('w', -1, None, 'replace')),
+            (FT('wb', encoding='big5'), ('wb', -1, 'big5', None)),
+            (FT('w', 0, 'l1', 'strict'), ('w', 0, 'l1', 'strict')),
+        ]
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open') as m:
+            for type, args in cases:
+                type('foo')
+                m.assert_called_with('foo', *args)
+
+
 class TestTypeCallable(ParserTestCase):
     """Test some callables as option/argument types"""
 
@@ -4381,7 +4413,7 @@ class TestOptionalsHelpVersionActions(TestCase):
     def test_version_format(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='PPP')
         parser.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 3.5')
-        msg = self._get_error(parser.parse_args, ['-v']).stderr
+        msg = self._get_error(parser.parse_args, ['-v']).stdout
         self.assertEqual('PPP 3.5\n', msg)
 
     def test_version_no_help(self):
@@ -4394,7 +4426,7 @@ class TestOptionalsHelpVersionActions(TestCase):
     def test_version_action(self):
         parser = ErrorRaisingArgumentParser(prog='XXX')
         parser.add_argument('-V', action='version', version='%(prog)s 3.7')
-        msg = self._get_error(parser.parse_args, ['-V']).stderr
+        msg = self._get_error(parser.parse_args, ['-V']).stdout
         self.assertEqual('XXX 3.7\n', msg)
 
     def test_no_help(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_array.py b/Lib/test/test_array.py
index d68284f919..f8dbf0695c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_array.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_array.py
@@ -353,12 +353,12 @@ class BaseTest:
             support.unlink(support.TESTFN)
 
     def test_fromfile_ioerror(self):
-        # Issue #5395: Check if fromfile raises a proper IOError
+        # Issue #5395: Check if fromfile raises a proper OSError
         # instead of EOFError.
         a = array.array(self.typecode)
         f = open(support.TESTFN, 'wb')
         try:
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, a.fromfile, f, len(self.example))
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, a.fromfile, f, len(self.example))
         finally:
             f.close()
             support.unlink(support.TESTFN)
@@ -1026,6 +1026,18 @@ class BaseTest:
         basesize = support.calcvobjsize('Pn2Pi')
         support.check_sizeof(self, a, basesize)
 
+    def test_initialize_with_unicode(self):
+        if self.typecode != 'u':
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+                a = array.array(self.typecode, 'foo')
+            self.assertIn("cannot use a str", str(cm.exception))
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+                a = array.array(self.typecode, array.array('u', 'foo'))
+            self.assertIn("cannot use a unicode array", str(cm.exception))
+        else:
+            a = array.array(self.typecode, "foo")
+            a = array.array(self.typecode, array.array('u', 'foo'))
+
 
 class StringTest(BaseTest):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ast.py b/Lib/test/test_ast.py
index 63528885e9..f17c93fc68 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ast.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ast.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ exec_tests = [
     # FunctionDef with kwargs
     "def f(**kwargs): pass",
     # FunctionDef with all kind of args
-    "def f(a, b=1, c=None, d=[], e={}, *args, **kwargs): pass",
+    "def f(a, b=1, c=None, d=[], e={}, *args, f=42, **kwargs): pass",
     # ClassDef
     "class C:pass",
     # ClassDef, new style class
@@ -180,20 +180,36 @@ eval_tests = [
 
 class AST_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def _assertTrueorder(self, ast_node, parent_pos):
+    def _assertTrueorder(self, ast_node, parent_pos, reverse_check = False):
+        def should_reverse_check(parent, child):
+            # In some situations, the children of nodes occur before
+            # their parents, for example in a.b.c, a occurs before b
+            # but a is a child of b.
+            if isinstance(parent, ast.Call):
+                if parent.func == child:
+                    return True
+            if isinstance(parent, (ast.Attribute, ast.Subscript)):
+                return True
+            return False
+
         if not isinstance(ast_node, ast.AST) or ast_node._fields is None:
             return
         if isinstance(ast_node, (ast.expr, ast.stmt, ast.excepthandler)):
             node_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset)
-            self.assertTrue(node_pos >= parent_pos)
+            if reverse_check:
+                self.assertTrue(node_pos <= parent_pos)
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue(node_pos >= parent_pos)
             parent_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset)
         for name in ast_node._fields:
             value = getattr(ast_node, name)
             if isinstance(value, list):
                 for child in value:
-                    self._assertTrueorder(child, parent_pos)
+                    self._assertTrueorder(child, parent_pos,
+                                         should_reverse_check(ast_node, child))
             elif value is not None:
-                self._assertTrueorder(value, parent_pos)
+                self._assertTrueorder(value, parent_pos,
+                                      should_reverse_check(ast_node, value))
 
     def test_AST_objects(self):
         x = ast.AST()
@@ -262,14 +278,14 @@ class AST_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_arguments(self):
         x = ast.arguments()
-        self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('args', 'vararg', 'varargannotation',
-                                      'kwonlyargs', 'kwarg', 'kwargannotation',
-                                      'defaults', 'kw_defaults'))
+        self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('args', 'vararg',
+                                      'kwonlyargs', 'kw_defaults',
+                                      'kwarg', 'defaults'))
 
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             x.vararg
 
-        x = ast.arguments(*range(1, 9))
+        x = ast.arguments(*range(1, 7))
         self.assertEqual(x.vararg, 2)
 
     def test_field_attr_writable(self):
@@ -439,7 +455,7 @@ class ASTHelpers_Test(unittest.TestCase):
             "lineno=1, col_offset=0), args=[Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load(), "
             "lineno=1, col_offset=5), Str(s='and cheese', lineno=1, "
             "col_offset=11)], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, "
-            "lineno=1, col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0)])"
+            "lineno=1, col_offset=4), lineno=1, col_offset=0)])"
         )
 
     def test_copy_location(self):
@@ -460,7 +476,7 @@ class ASTHelpers_Test(unittest.TestCase):
             "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='write', ctx=Load(), "
             "lineno=1, col_offset=0), args=[Str(s='spam', lineno=1, "
             "col_offset=6)], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, "
-            "lineno=1, col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0), "
+            "lineno=1, col_offset=5), lineno=1, col_offset=0), "
             "Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load(), lineno=1, "
             "col_offset=0), args=[Str(s='eggs', lineno=1, col_offset=0)], "
             "keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, lineno=1, "
@@ -560,8 +576,8 @@ class ASTValidatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mod(m, "must have Load context", "eval")
 
     def _check_arguments(self, fac, check):
-        def arguments(args=None, vararg=None, varargannotation=None,
-                      kwonlyargs=None, kwarg=None, kwargannotation=None,
+        def arguments(args=None, vararg=None,
+                      kwonlyargs=None, kwarg=None,
                       defaults=None, kw_defaults=None):
             if args is None:
                 args = []
@@ -571,20 +587,12 @@ class ASTValidatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 defaults = []
             if kw_defaults is None:
                 kw_defaults = []
-            args = ast.arguments(args, vararg, varargannotation, kwonlyargs,
-                                 kwarg, kwargannotation, defaults, kw_defaults)
+            args = ast.arguments(args, vararg, kwonlyargs, kw_defaults,
+                                 kwarg, defaults)
             return fac(args)
         args = [ast.arg("x", ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))]
         check(arguments(args=args), "must have Load context")
-        check(arguments(varargannotation=ast.Num(3)),
-              "varargannotation but no vararg")
-        check(arguments(varargannotation=ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), vararg="x"),
-                         "must have Load context")
         check(arguments(kwonlyargs=args), "must have Load context")
-        check(arguments(kwargannotation=ast.Num(42)),
-                       "kwargannotation but no kwarg")
-        check(arguments(kwargannotation=ast.Name("x", ast.Store()),
-                          kwarg="x"), "must have Load context")
         check(arguments(defaults=[ast.Num(3)]),
                        "more positional defaults than args")
         check(arguments(kw_defaults=[ast.Num(4)]),
@@ -599,7 +607,7 @@ class ASTValidatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
                           "must have Load context")
 
     def test_funcdef(self):
-        a = ast.arguments([], None, None, [], None, None, [], [])
+        a = ast.arguments([], None, [], [], None, [])
         f = ast.FunctionDef("x", a, [], [], None)
         self.stmt(f, "empty body on FunctionDef")
         f = ast.FunctionDef("x", a, [ast.Pass()], [ast.Name("x", ast.Store())],
@@ -770,7 +778,7 @@ class ASTValidatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.expr(u, "must have Load context")
 
     def test_lambda(self):
-        a = ast.arguments([], None, None, [], None, None, [], [])
+        a = ast.arguments([], None, [], [], None, [])
         self.expr(ast.Lambda(a, ast.Name("x", ast.Store())),
                   "must have Load context")
         def fac(args):
@@ -928,6 +936,9 @@ class ASTValidatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_tuple(self):
         self._sequence(ast.Tuple)
 
+    def test_nameconstant(self):
+        self.expr(ast.NameConstant(4), "singleton must be True, False, or None")
+
     def test_stdlib_validates(self):
         stdlib = os.path.dirname(ast.__file__)
         tests = [fn for fn in os.listdir(stdlib) if fn.endswith(".py")]
@@ -936,13 +947,10 @@ class ASTValidatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
             fn = os.path.join(stdlib, module)
             with open(fn, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
                 source = fp.read()
-            mod = ast.parse(source)
+            mod = ast.parse(source, fn)
             compile(mod, fn, "exec")
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(AST_Tests, ASTHelpers_Test, ASTValidatorTests)
-
 def main():
     if __name__ != '__main__':
         return
@@ -955,20 +963,20 @@ def main():
             print("]")
         print("main()")
         raise SystemExit
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
 
 #### EVERYTHING BELOW IS GENERATED #####
 exec_results = [
-('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'None', ('Load',)))]),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, None, [], None, None, [], []), [('Pass', (1, 9))], [], None)]),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', 'a', None)], None, None, [], None, None, [], []), [('Pass', (1, 10))], [], None)]),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', 'a', None)], None, None, [], None, None, [('Num', (1, 8), 0)], []), [('Pass', (1, 12))], [], None)]),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], 'args', None, [], None, None, [], []), [('Pass', (1, 14))], [], None)]),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, None, [], 'kwargs', None, [], []), [('Pass', (1, 17))], [], None)]),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', 'a', None), ('arg', 'b', None), ('arg', 'c', None), ('arg', 'd', None), ('arg', 'e', None)], 'args', None, [], 'kwargs', None, [('Num', (1, 11), 1), ('Name', (1, 16), 'None', ('Load',)), ('List', (1, 24), [], ('Load',)), ('Dict', (1, 30), [], [])], []), [('Pass', (1, 52))], [], None)]),
+('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('NameConstant', (1, 0), None))]),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 9))], [], None)]),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6), 'a', None)], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 10))], [], None)]),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6), 'a', None)], None, [], [], None, [('Num', (1, 8), 0)]), [('Pass', (1, 12))], [], None)]),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], ('arg', (1, 7), 'args', None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 14))], [], None)]),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, [], [], ('arg', (1, 8), 'kwargs', None), []), [('Pass', (1, 17))], [], None)]),
+    ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6), 'a', None), ('arg', (1, 9), 'b', None), ('arg', (1, 14), 'c', None), ('arg', (1, 22), 'd', None), ('arg', (1, 28), 'e', None)], ('arg', (1, 35), 'args', None), [('arg', (1, 41), 'f', None)], [('Num', (1, 43), 42)], ('arg', (1, 49), 'kwargs', None), [('Num', (1, 11), 1), ('NameConstant', (1, 16), None), ('List', (1, 24), [], ('Load',)), ('Dict', (1, 30), [], [])]), [('Pass', (1, 58))], [], None)]),
 ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0), 'C', [], [], None, None, [('Pass', (1, 8))], [])]),
 ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0), 'C', [('Name', (1, 8), 'object', ('Load',))], [], None, None, [('Pass', (1, 17))], [])]),
-('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, None, [], None, None, [], []), [('Return', (1, 8), ('Num', (1, 15), 1))], [], None)]),
+('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Return', (1, 8), ('Num', (1, 15), 1))], [], None)]),
 ('Module', [('Delete', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Del',))])]),
 ('Module', [('Assign', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Store',))], ('Num', (1, 4), 1))]),
 ('Module', [('AugAssign', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Add',), ('Num', (1, 5), 1))]),
@@ -977,7 +985,7 @@ exec_results = [
 ('Module', [('If', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 3), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 5))], [])]),
 ('Module', [('With', (1, 0), [('withitem', ('Name', (1, 5), 'x', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 10), 'y', ('Store',)))], [('Pass', (1, 13))])]),
 ('Module', [('With', (1, 0), [('withitem', ('Name', (1, 5), 'x', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 10), 'y', ('Store',))), ('withitem', ('Name', (1, 13), 'z', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 18), 'q', ('Store',)))], [('Pass', (1, 21))])]),
-('Module', [('Raise', (1, 0), ('Call', (1, 6), ('Name', (1, 6), 'Exception', ('Load',)), [('Str', (1, 16), 'string')], [], None, None), None)]),
+('Module', [('Raise', (1, 0), ('Call', (1, 15), ('Name', (1, 6), 'Exception', ('Load',)), [('Str', (1, 16), 'string')], [], None, None), None)]),
 ('Module', [('Try', (1, 0), [('Pass', (2, 2))], [('ExceptHandler', (3, 0), ('Name', (3, 7), 'Exception', ('Load',)), None, [('Pass', (4, 2))])], [], [])]),
 ('Module', [('Try', (1, 0), [('Pass', (2, 2))], [], [], [('Pass', (4, 2))])]),
 ('Module', [('Assert', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 7), 'v', ('Load',)), None)]),
@@ -1002,29 +1010,29 @@ single_results = [
 ('Interactive', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('BinOp', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1), ('Add',), ('Num', (1, 2), 2)))]),
 ]
 eval_results = [
-('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0), 'None', ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('NameConstant', (1, 0), None)),
 ('Expression', ('BoolOp', (1, 0), ('And',), [('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
 ('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Add',), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',)))),
 ('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0), ('Not',), ('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Load',)))),
-('Expression', ('Lambda', (1, 0), ('arguments', [], None, None, [], None, None, [], []), ('Name', (1, 7), 'None', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('Lambda', (1, 0), ('arguments', [], None, [], [], None, []), ('NameConstant', (1, 7), None))),
 ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 2), 1)], [('Num', (1, 4), 2)])),
 ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0), [], [])),
-('Expression', ('Set', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 1), 'None', ('Load',))])),
+('Expression', ('Set', (1, 0), [('NameConstant', (1, 1), None)])),
 ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0), [('Num', (2, 6), 1)], [('Num', (4, 10), 2)])),
 ('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17), 'd', ('Load',))])])),
 ('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17), 'd', ('Load',))])])),
 ('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1), [('Lt',), ('Lt',)], [('Num', (1, 4), 2), ('Num', (1, 8), 3)])),
-('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Num', (1, 2), 1), ('Num', (1, 4), 2)], [('keyword', 'c', ('Num', (1, 8), 3))], ('Name', (1, 11), 'd', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 15), 'e', ('Load',)))),
+('Expression', ('Call', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 0), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Num', (1, 2), 1), ('Num', (1, 4), 2)], [('keyword', 'c', ('Num', (1, 8), 3))], ('Name', (1, 11), 'd', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 15), 'e', ('Load',)))),
 ('Expression', ('Num', (1, 0), 10)),
 ('Expression', ('Str', (1, 0), 'string')),
-('Expression', ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Name', (1, 2), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'c', ('Load',)), None), ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Attribute', (1, 2), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',))),
+('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 2), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Name', (1, 2), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'c', ('Load',)), None), ('Load',))),
 ('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Load',))),
 ('Expression', ('List', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 1), 1), ('Num', (1, 3), 2), ('Num', (1, 5), 3)], ('Load',))),
 ('Expression', ('List', (1, 0), [], ('Load',))),
 ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 0), 1), ('Num', (1, 2), 2), ('Num', (1, 4), 3)], ('Load',))),
 ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 1), [('Num', (1, 1), 1), ('Num', (1, 3), 2), ('Num', (1, 5), 3)], ('Load',))),
 ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0), [], ('Load',))),
-('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',)), 'd', ('Load',)), [('Subscript', (1, 8), ('Attribute', (1, 8), ('Name', (1, 8), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Num', (1, 12), 1), ('Num', (1, 14), 2), None), ('Load',))], [], None, None)),
+('Expression', ('Call', (1, 7), ('Attribute', (1, 6), ('Attribute', (1, 4), ('Attribute', (1, 2), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',)), 'd', ('Load',)), [('Subscript', (1, 12), ('Attribute', (1, 10), ('Name', (1, 8), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Num', (1, 12), 1), ('Num', (1, 14), 2), None), ('Load',))], [], None, None)),
 ]
 main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asynchat.py b/Lib/test/test_asynchat.py
index c79fe6f613..f93a52d8c9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asynchat.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asynchat.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ except ImportError:
 
 HOST = support.HOST
 SERVER_QUIT = b'QUIT\n'
+TIMEOUT = 3.0
 
 if threading:
     class echo_server(threading.Thread):
@@ -123,7 +124,9 @@ class TestAsynchat(unittest.TestCase):
         c.push(b"I'm not dead yet!" + term)
         c.push(SERVER_QUIT)
         asyncore.loop(use_poll=self.usepoll, count=300, timeout=.01)
-        s.join()
+        s.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        if s.is_alive():
+            self.fail("join() timed out")
 
         self.assertEqual(c.contents, [b"hello world", b"I'm not dead yet!"])
 
@@ -154,7 +157,9 @@ class TestAsynchat(unittest.TestCase):
         c.push(data)
         c.push(SERVER_QUIT)
         asyncore.loop(use_poll=self.usepoll, count=300, timeout=.01)
-        s.join()
+        s.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        if s.is_alive():
+            self.fail("join() timed out")
 
         self.assertEqual(c.contents, [data[:termlen]])
 
@@ -174,7 +179,9 @@ class TestAsynchat(unittest.TestCase):
         c.push(data)
         c.push(SERVER_QUIT)
         asyncore.loop(use_poll=self.usepoll, count=300, timeout=.01)
-        s.join()
+        s.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        if s.is_alive():
+            self.fail("join() timed out")
 
         self.assertEqual(c.contents, [])
         self.assertEqual(c.buffer, data)
@@ -186,7 +193,9 @@ class TestAsynchat(unittest.TestCase):
         p = asynchat.simple_producer(data+SERVER_QUIT, buffer_size=8)
         c.push_with_producer(p)
         asyncore.loop(use_poll=self.usepoll, count=300, timeout=.01)
-        s.join()
+        s.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        if s.is_alive():
+            self.fail("join() timed out")
 
         self.assertEqual(c.contents, [b"hello world", b"I'm not dead yet!"])
 
@@ -196,7 +205,9 @@ class TestAsynchat(unittest.TestCase):
         data = b"hello world\nI'm not dead yet!\n"
         c.push_with_producer(data+SERVER_QUIT)
         asyncore.loop(use_poll=self.usepoll, count=300, timeout=.01)
-        s.join()
+        s.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        if s.is_alive():
+            self.fail("join() timed out")
 
         self.assertEqual(c.contents, [b"hello world", b"I'm not dead yet!"])
 
@@ -207,7 +218,9 @@ class TestAsynchat(unittest.TestCase):
         c.push(b"hello world\n\nI'm not dead yet!\n")
         c.push(SERVER_QUIT)
         asyncore.loop(use_poll=self.usepoll, count=300, timeout=.01)
-        s.join()
+        s.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        if s.is_alive():
+            self.fail("join() timed out")
 
         self.assertEqual(c.contents,
                          [b"hello world", b"", b"I'm not dead yet!"])
@@ -226,7 +239,9 @@ class TestAsynchat(unittest.TestCase):
         # where the server echoes all of its data before we can check that it
         # got any down below.
         s.start_resend_event.set()
-        s.join()
+        s.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        if s.is_alive():
+            self.fail("join() timed out")
 
         self.assertEqual(c.contents, [])
         # the server might have been able to send a byte or two back, but this
@@ -268,9 +283,5 @@ class TestFifo(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(f.pop(), (0, None))
 
 
-def test_main(verbose=None):
-    support.run_unittest(TestAsynchat, TestAsynchat_WithPoll,
-                              TestHelperFunctions, TestFifo)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main(verbose=True)
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23ce5e8059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import unittest
+from test.support import run_unittest, import_module
+
+# Skip tests if we don't have threading.
+import_module('threading')
+# Skip tests if we don't have concurrent.futures.
+import_module('concurrent.futures')
+
+
+def suite():
+    tests_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'tests.txt')
+    with open(tests_file) as fp:
+        test_names = fp.read().splitlines()
+    tests = unittest.TestSuite()
+    loader = unittest.TestLoader()
+    for test_name in test_names:
+        mod_name = 'test.' + test_name
+        try:
+            __import__(mod_name)
+        except unittest.SkipTest:
+            pass
+        else:
+            mod = sys.modules[mod_name]
+            tests.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromModule(mod))
+    return tests
+
+
+def test_main():
+    run_unittest(suite())
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/__main__.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b549492038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from . import test_main
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..006364bb00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import os
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    while True:
+        buf = os.read(0, 1024)
+        if not buf:
+            break
+        os.write(1, buf)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo2.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e83ca09fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import os
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    buf = os.read(0, 1024)
+    os.write(1, b'OUT:'+buf)
+    os.write(2, b'ERR:'+buf)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo3.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo3.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..064496736b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/echo3.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import os
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    while True:
+        buf = os.read(0, 1024)
+        if not buf:
+            break
+        try:
+            os.write(1, b'OUT:'+buf)
+        except OSError as ex:
+            os.write(2, b'ERR:' + ex.__class__.__name__.encode('ascii'))
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/keycert3.pem b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/keycert3.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bfa62c4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/keycert3.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 1 (0x0)
+        Serial Number: 12723342612721443281 (0xb09264b1f2da21d1)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Jan  4 19:47:07 2013 GMT
+            Not After : Nov 13 19:47:07 2022 GMT
+        Subject: C=XY, L=Castle Anthrax, O=Python Software Foundation, CN=localhost
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (1024 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:c2:e0:0f:49:00:28:36:f9:70:5c:8f:8d:bc:0d:
+                    7d:1e:42:b5:ec:1d:5c:2f:a4:31:70:16:0f:c0:cb:
+                    c6:24:d3:be:13:16:ee:a5:67:97:03:a6:df:a9:99:
+                    96:cc:c7:2a:fb:11:7f:4e:65:4f:8a:5e:82:21:4c:
+                    f7:3d:a3:d4:e9:5a:37:e7:22:fd:7e:cd:53:6d:93:
+                    34:de:9c:ad:84:a2:37:be:c5:8d:82:4f:e3:ae:23:
+                    f3:be:a7:75:2c:72:0f:ea:f3:ca:cd:fc:e9:3f:b5:
+                    af:56:99:6a:08:04:76:48:f5:4e:c4:ac:bf:5c:d6:
+                    21:82:a5:3c:88:e5:be:1b:b1
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         2f:42:5f:a3:09:2c:fa:51:88:c7:37:7f:ea:0e:63:f0:a2:9a:
+         e5:5a:e2:c8:20:f0:3f:60:bc:c8:0f:b6:c6:76:ce:db:83:93:
+         f5:a3:33:67:01:8e:04:cd:00:9a:73:fd:f3:35:86:fa:d7:13:
+         e2:46:c6:9d:c0:29:53:d4:a9:90:b8:77:4b:e6:83:76:e4:92:
+         d6:9c:50:cf:43:d0:c6:01:77:61:9a:de:9b:70:f7:72:cd:59:
+         00:31:69:d9:b4:ca:06:9c:6d:c3:c7:80:8c:68:e6:b5:a2:f8:
+         ef:1d:bb:16:9f:77:77:ef:87:62:22:9b:4d:69:a4:3a:1a:f1:
+         21:5e:8c:32:ac:92:fd:15:6b:18:c2:7f:15:0d:98:30:ca:75:
+         8f:1a:71:df:da:1d:b2:ef:9a:e8:2d:2e:02:fd:4a:3c:aa:96:
+         0b:06:5d:35:b3:3d:24:87:4b:e0:b0:58:60:2f:45:ac:2e:48:
+         8a:b0:99:10:65:27:ff:cc:b1:d8:fd:bd:26:6b:b9:0c:05:2a:
+         f4:45:63:35:51:07:ed:83:85:fe:6f:69:cb:bb:40:a8:ae:b6:
+         3b:56:4a:2d:a4:ed:6d:11:2c:4d:ed:17:24:fd:47:bc:d3:41:
+         a2:d3:06:fe:0c:90:d8:d8:94:26:c4:ff:cc:a1:d8:42:77:eb:
+         fc:a9:94:71
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/pycacert.pem b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/pycacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09b1f3e08a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/pycacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
+        Serial Number: 12723342612721443280 (0xb09264b1f2da21d0)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Jan  4 19:47:07 2013 GMT
+            Not After : Jan  2 19:47:07 2023 GMT
+        Subject: C=XY, O=Python Software Foundation CA, CN=our-ca-server
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:e7:de:e9:e3:0c:9f:00:b6:a1:fd:2b:5b:96:d2:
+                    6f:cc:e0:be:86:b9:20:5e:ec:03:7a:55:ab:ea:a4:
+                    e9:f9:49:85:d2:66:d5:ed:c7:7a:ea:56:8e:2d:8f:
+                    e7:42:e2:62:28:a9:9f:d6:1b:8e:eb:b5:b4:9c:9f:
+                    14:ab:df:e6:94:8b:76:1d:3e:6d:24:61:ed:0c:bf:
+                    00:8a:61:0c:df:5c:c8:36:73:16:00:cd:47:ba:6d:
+                    a4:a4:74:88:83:23:0a:19:fc:09:a7:3c:4a:4b:d3:
+                    e7:1d:2d:e4:ea:4c:54:21:f3:26:db:89:37:18:d4:
+                    02:bb:40:32:5f:a4:ff:2d:1c:f7:d4:bb:ec:8e:cf:
+                    5c:82:ac:e6:7c:08:6c:48:85:61:07:7f:25:e0:5c:
+                    e0:bc:34:5f:e0:b9:04:47:75:c8:47:0b:8d:bc:d6:
+                    c8:68:5f:33:83:62:d2:20:44:35:b1:ad:81:1a:8a:
+                    cd:bc:35:b0:5c:8b:47:d6:18:e9:9c:18:97:cc:01:
+                    3c:29:cc:e8:1e:e4:e4:c1:b8:de:e7:c2:11:18:87:
+                    5a:93:34:d8:a6:25:f7:14:71:eb:e4:21:a2:d2:0f:
+                    2e:2e:d4:62:00:35:d3:d6:ef:5c:60:4b:4c:a9:14:
+                    e2:dd:15:58:46:37:33:26:b7:e7:2e:5d:ed:42:e4:
+                    c5:4d
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
+                BC:DD:62:D9:76:DA:1B:D2:54:6B:CF:E0:66:9B:1E:1E:7B:56:0C:0B
+            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
+                keyid:BC:DD:62:D9:76:DA:1B:D2:54:6B:CF:E0:66:9B:1E:1E:7B:56:0C:0B
+
+            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
+                CA:TRUE
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         7d:0a:f5:cb:8d:d3:5d:bd:99:8e:f8:2b:0f:ba:eb:c2:d9:a6:
+         27:4f:2e:7b:2f:0e:64:d8:1c:35:50:4e:ee:fc:90:b9:8d:6d:
+         a8:c5:c6:06:b0:af:f3:2d:bf:3b:b8:42:07:dd:18:7d:6d:95:
+         54:57:85:18:60:47:2f:eb:78:1b:f9:e8:17:fd:5a:0d:87:17:
+         28:ac:4c:6a:e6:bc:29:f4:f4:55:70:29:42:de:85:ea:ab:6c:
+         23:06:64:30:75:02:8e:53:bc:5e:01:33:37:cc:1e:cd:b8:a4:
+         fd:ca:e4:5f:65:3b:83:1c:86:f1:55:02:a0:3a:8f:db:91:b7:
+         40:14:b4:e7:8d:d2:ee:73:ba:e3:e5:34:2d:bc:94:6f:4e:24:
+         06:f7:5f:8b:0e:a7:8e:6b:de:5e:75:f4:32:9a:50:b1:44:33:
+         9a:d0:05:e2:78:82:ff:db:da:8a:63:eb:a9:dd:d1:bf:a0:61:
+         ad:e3:9e:8a:24:5d:62:0e:e7:4c:91:7f:ef:df:34:36:3b:2f:
+         5d:f5:84:b2:2f:c4:6d:93:96:1a:6f:30:28:f1:da:12:9a:64:
+         b4:40:33:1d:bd:de:2b:53:a8:ea:be:d6:bc:4e:96:f5:44:fb:
+         32:18:ae:d5:1f:f6:69:af:b6:4e:7b:1d:58:ec:3b:a9:53:a3:
+         5e:58:c8:9e
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDbTCCAlWgAwIBAgIJALCSZLHy2iHQMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAME0xCzAJBgNV
+BAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBDQTEW
+MBQGA1UEAwwNb3VyLWNhLXNlcnZlcjAeFw0xMzAxMDQxOTQ3MDdaFw0yMzAxMDIx
+OTQ3MDdaME0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhZMSYwJAYDVQQKDB1QeXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUg
+Rm91bmRhdGlvbiBDQTEWMBQGA1UEAwwNb3VyLWNhLXNlcnZlcjCCASIwDQYJKoZI
+hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOfe6eMMnwC2of0rW5bSb8zgvoa5IF7sA3pV
+q+qk6flJhdJm1e3HeupWji2P50LiYiipn9Ybjuu1tJyfFKvf5pSLdh0+bSRh7Qy/
+AIphDN9cyDZzFgDNR7ptpKR0iIMjChn8Cac8SkvT5x0t5OpMVCHzJtuJNxjUArtA
+Ml+k/y0c99S77I7PXIKs5nwIbEiFYQd/JeBc4Lw0X+C5BEd1yEcLjbzWyGhfM4Ni
+0iBENbGtgRqKzbw1sFyLR9YY6ZwYl8wBPCnM6B7k5MG43ufCERiHWpM02KYl9xRx
+6+QhotIPLi7UYgA109bvXGBLTKkU4t0VWEY3Mya35y5d7ULkxU0CAwEAAaNQME4w
+HQYDVR0OBBYEFLzdYtl22hvSVGvP4GabHh57VgwLMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLzdYtl2
+2hvSVGvP4GabHh57VgwLMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEB
+AH0K9cuN0129mY74Kw+668LZpidPLnsvDmTYHDVQTu78kLmNbajFxgawr/Mtvzu4
+QgfdGH1tlVRXhRhgRy/reBv56Bf9Wg2HFyisTGrmvCn09FVwKULeheqrbCMGZDB1
+Ao5TvF4BMzfMHs24pP3K5F9lO4MchvFVAqA6j9uRt0AUtOeN0u5zuuPlNC28lG9O
+JAb3X4sOp45r3l519DKaULFEM5rQBeJ4gv/b2opj66nd0b+gYa3jnookXWIO50yR
+f+/fNDY7L131hLIvxG2TlhpvMCjx2hKaZLRAMx293itTqOq+1rxOlvVE+zIYrtUf
+9mmvtk57HVjsO6lTo15YyJ4=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/ssl_cert.pem b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/ssl_cert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47a7d7e37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/ssl_cert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/ssl_key.pem b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/ssl_key.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fd3bbd54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/ssl_key.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_base_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_base_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..340ca67d64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_base_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,926 @@
+"""Tests for base_events.py"""
+
+import errno
+import logging
+import socket
+import sys
+import time
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+from test.support import IPV6_ENABLED
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import base_events
+from asyncio import constants
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+MOCK_ANY = mock.ANY
+PY34 = sys.version_info >= (3, 4)
+
+
+class BaseEventLoopTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = base_events.BaseEventLoop()
+        self.loop._selector = mock.Mock()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+        m = mock.Mock()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError,
+            self.loop._make_socket_transport, m, m)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError,
+            self.loop._make_ssl_transport, m, m, m, m)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError,
+            self.loop._make_datagram_transport, m, m)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, self.loop._process_events, [])
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, self.loop._write_to_self)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, self.loop._read_from_self)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError,
+            self.loop._make_read_pipe_transport, m, m)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError,
+            self.loop._make_write_pipe_transport, m, m)
+        gen = self.loop._make_subprocess_transport(m, m, m, m, m, m, m)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, next, iter(gen))
+
+    def test__add_callback_handle(self):
+        h = asyncio.Handle(lambda: False, (), self.loop)
+
+        self.loop._add_callback(h)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._scheduled)
+        self.assertIn(h, self.loop._ready)
+
+    def test__add_callback_timer(self):
+        h = asyncio.TimerHandle(time.monotonic()+10, lambda: False, (),
+                                self.loop)
+
+        self.loop._add_callback(h)
+        self.assertIn(h, self.loop._scheduled)
+
+    def test__add_callback_cancelled_handle(self):
+        h = asyncio.Handle(lambda: False, (), self.loop)
+        h.cancel()
+
+        self.loop._add_callback(h)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._scheduled)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._ready)
+
+    def test_set_default_executor(self):
+        executor = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.set_default_executor(executor)
+        self.assertIs(executor, self.loop._default_executor)
+
+    def test_getnameinfo(self):
+        sockaddr = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.run_in_executor = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.getnameinfo(sockaddr)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (None, socket.getnameinfo, sockaddr, 0),
+            self.loop.run_in_executor.call_args[0])
+
+    def test_call_soon(self):
+        def cb():
+            pass
+
+        h = self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+        self.assertEqual(h._callback, cb)
+        self.assertIsInstance(h, asyncio.Handle)
+        self.assertIn(h, self.loop._ready)
+
+    def test_call_later(self):
+        def cb():
+            pass
+
+        h = self.loop.call_later(10.0, cb)
+        self.assertIsInstance(h, asyncio.TimerHandle)
+        self.assertIn(h, self.loop._scheduled)
+        self.assertNotIn(h, self.loop._ready)
+
+    def test_call_later_negative_delays(self):
+        calls = []
+
+        def cb(arg):
+            calls.append(arg)
+
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.call_later(-1, cb, 'a')
+        self.loop.call_later(-2, cb, 'b')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(calls, ['b', 'a'])
+
+    def test_time_and_call_at(self):
+        def cb():
+            self.loop.stop()
+
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+        delay = 0.1
+
+        when = self.loop.time() + delay
+        self.loop.call_at(when, cb)
+        t0 = self.loop.time()
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        dt = self.loop.time() - t0
+
+        # 50 ms: maximum granularity of the event loop
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(dt, delay - 0.050, dt)
+        # tolerate a difference of +800 ms because some Python buildbots
+        # are really slow
+        self.assertLessEqual(dt, 0.9, dt)
+
+    def test_run_once_in_executor_handle(self):
+        def cb():
+            pass
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, self.loop.run_in_executor,
+            None, asyncio.Handle(cb, (), self.loop), ('',))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, self.loop.run_in_executor,
+            None, asyncio.TimerHandle(10, cb, (), self.loop))
+
+    def test_run_once_in_executor_cancelled(self):
+        def cb():
+            pass
+        h = asyncio.Handle(cb, (), self.loop)
+        h.cancel()
+
+        f = self.loop.run_in_executor(None, h)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f, asyncio.Future)
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(f.result())
+
+    def test_run_once_in_executor_plain(self):
+        def cb():
+            pass
+        h = asyncio.Handle(cb, (), self.loop)
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        executor = mock.Mock()
+        executor.submit.return_value = f
+
+        self.loop.set_default_executor(executor)
+
+        res = self.loop.run_in_executor(None, h)
+        self.assertIs(f, res)
+
+        executor = mock.Mock()
+        executor.submit.return_value = f
+        res = self.loop.run_in_executor(executor, h)
+        self.assertIs(f, res)
+        self.assertTrue(executor.submit.called)
+
+        f.cancel()  # Don't complain about abandoned Future.
+
+    def test__run_once(self):
+        h1 = asyncio.TimerHandle(time.monotonic() + 5.0, lambda: True, (),
+                                 self.loop)
+        h2 = asyncio.TimerHandle(time.monotonic() + 10.0, lambda: True, (),
+                                 self.loop)
+
+        h1.cancel()
+
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._scheduled.append(h1)
+        self.loop._scheduled.append(h2)
+        self.loop._run_once()
+
+        t = self.loop._selector.select.call_args[0][0]
+        self.assertTrue(9.5 < t < 10.5, t)
+        self.assertEqual([h2], self.loop._scheduled)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._process_events.called)
+
+    def test_set_debug(self):
+        self.loop.set_debug(True)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.get_debug())
+        self.loop.set_debug(False)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.get_debug())
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.time')
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test__run_once_logging(self, m_logger, m_time):
+        # Log to INFO level if timeout > 1.0 sec.
+        idx = -1
+        data = [10.0, 10.0, 12.0, 13.0]
+
+        def monotonic():
+            nonlocal data, idx
+            idx += 1
+            return data[idx]
+
+        m_time.monotonic = monotonic
+
+        self.loop._scheduled.append(
+            asyncio.TimerHandle(11.0, lambda: True, (), self.loop))
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.assertEqual(logging.INFO, m_logger.log.call_args[0][0])
+
+        idx = -1
+        data = [10.0, 10.0, 10.3, 13.0]
+        self.loop._scheduled = [asyncio.TimerHandle(11.0, lambda: True, (),
+                                                    self.loop)]
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.assertEqual(logging.DEBUG, m_logger.log.call_args[0][0])
+
+    def test__run_once_schedule_handle(self):
+        handle = None
+        processed = False
+
+        def cb(loop):
+            nonlocal processed, handle
+            processed = True
+            handle = loop.call_soon(lambda: True)
+
+        h = asyncio.TimerHandle(time.monotonic() - 1, cb, (self.loop,),
+                                self.loop)
+
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._scheduled.append(h)
+        self.loop._run_once()
+
+        self.assertTrue(processed)
+        self.assertEqual([handle], list(self.loop._ready))
+
+    def test_run_until_complete_type_error(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, 'blah')
+
+    def test_subprocess_exec_invalid_args(self):
+        args = [sys.executable, '-c', 'pass']
+
+        # missing program parameter (empty args)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_exec,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol)
+
+        # exepected multiple arguments, not a list
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_exec,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, args)
+
+        # program arguments must be strings, not int
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_exec,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, sys.executable, 123)
+
+        # universal_newlines, shell, bufsize must not be set
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+        self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_exec,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, *args, universal_newlines=True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_exec,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, *args, shell=True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_exec,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, *args, bufsize=4096)
+
+    def test_subprocess_shell_invalid_args(self):
+        # expected a string, not an int or a list
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_shell,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, 123)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_shell,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, [sys.executable, '-c', 'pass'])
+
+        # universal_newlines, shell, bufsize must not be set
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_shell,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, 'exit 0', universal_newlines=True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_shell,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, 'exit 0', shell=True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, self.loop.subprocess_shell,
+            asyncio.SubprocessProtocol, 'exit 0', bufsize=4096)
+
+    def test_default_exc_handler_callback(self):
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+
+        def zero_error(fut):
+            fut.set_result(True)
+            1/0
+
+        # Test call_soon (events.Handle)
+        with mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger') as log:
+            fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+            self.loop.call_soon(zero_error, fut)
+            fut.add_done_callback(lambda fut: self.loop.stop())
+            self.loop.run_forever()
+            log.error.assert_called_with(
+                test_utils.MockPattern('Exception in callback.*zero'),
+                exc_info=(ZeroDivisionError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+
+        # Test call_later (events.TimerHandle)
+        with mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger') as log:
+            fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+            self.loop.call_later(0.01, zero_error, fut)
+            fut.add_done_callback(lambda fut: self.loop.stop())
+            self.loop.run_forever()
+            log.error.assert_called_with(
+                test_utils.MockPattern('Exception in callback.*zero'),
+                exc_info=(ZeroDivisionError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+
+    def test_default_exc_handler_coro(self):
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def zero_error_coro():
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.01, loop=self.loop)
+            1/0
+
+        # Test Future.__del__
+        with mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger') as log:
+            fut = asyncio.async(zero_error_coro(), loop=self.loop)
+            fut.add_done_callback(lambda *args: self.loop.stop())
+            self.loop.run_forever()
+            fut = None # Trigger Future.__del__ or futures._TracebackLogger
+            if PY34:
+                # Future.__del__ in Python 3.4 logs error with
+                # an actual exception context
+                log.error.assert_called_with(
+                    test_utils.MockPattern('.*exception was never retrieved'),
+                    exc_info=(ZeroDivisionError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+            else:
+                # futures._TracebackLogger logs only textual traceback
+                log.error.assert_called_with(
+                    test_utils.MockPattern(
+                        '.*exception was never retrieved.*ZeroDiv'),
+                    exc_info=False)
+
+    def test_set_exc_handler_invalid(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'A callable object or None'):
+            self.loop.set_exception_handler('spam')
+
+    def test_set_exc_handler_custom(self):
+        def zero_error():
+            1/0
+
+        def run_loop():
+            self.loop.call_soon(zero_error)
+            self.loop._run_once()
+
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+
+        mock_handler = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.set_exception_handler(mock_handler)
+        run_loop()
+        mock_handler.assert_called_with(self.loop, {
+            'exception': MOCK_ANY,
+            'message': test_utils.MockPattern(
+                                'Exception in callback.*zero_error'),
+            'handle': MOCK_ANY,
+        })
+        mock_handler.reset_mock()
+
+        self.loop.set_exception_handler(None)
+        with mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger') as log:
+            run_loop()
+            log.error.assert_called_with(
+                        test_utils.MockPattern(
+                                'Exception in callback.*zero'),
+                        exc_info=(ZeroDivisionError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+
+        assert not mock_handler.called
+
+    def test_set_exc_handler_broken(self):
+        def run_loop():
+            def zero_error():
+                1/0
+            self.loop.call_soon(zero_error)
+            self.loop._run_once()
+
+        def handler(loop, context):
+            raise AttributeError('spam')
+
+        self.loop._process_events = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop.set_exception_handler(handler)
+
+        with mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger') as log:
+            run_loop()
+            log.error.assert_called_with(
+                test_utils.MockPattern(
+                    'Unhandled error in exception handler'),
+                exc_info=(AttributeError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+
+    def test_default_exc_handler_broken(self):
+        _context = None
+
+        class Loop(base_events.BaseEventLoop):
+
+            _selector = mock.Mock()
+            _process_events = mock.Mock()
+
+            def default_exception_handler(self, context):
+                nonlocal _context
+                _context = context
+                # Simulates custom buggy "default_exception_handler"
+                raise ValueError('spam')
+
+        loop = Loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+
+        def run_loop():
+            def zero_error():
+                1/0
+            loop.call_soon(zero_error)
+            loop._run_once()
+
+        with mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger') as log:
+            run_loop()
+            log.error.assert_called_with(
+                'Exception in default exception handler',
+                exc_info=True)
+
+        def custom_handler(loop, context):
+            raise ValueError('ham')
+
+        _context = None
+        loop.set_exception_handler(custom_handler)
+        with mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger') as log:
+            run_loop()
+            log.error.assert_called_with(
+                test_utils.MockPattern('Exception in default exception.*'
+                                       'while handling.*in custom'),
+                exc_info=True)
+
+            # Check that original context was passed to default
+            # exception handler.
+            self.assertIn('context', _context)
+            self.assertIs(type(_context['context']['exception']),
+                          ZeroDivisionError)
+
+
+class MyProto(asyncio.Protocol):
+    done = None
+
+    def __init__(self, create_future=False):
+        self.state = 'INITIAL'
+        self.nbytes = 0
+        if create_future:
+            self.done = asyncio.Future()
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        assert self.state == 'INITIAL', self.state
+        self.state = 'CONNECTED'
+        transport.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n')
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.nbytes += len(data)
+
+    def eof_received(self):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.state = 'EOF'
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        assert self.state in ('CONNECTED', 'EOF'), self.state
+        self.state = 'CLOSED'
+        if self.done:
+            self.done.set_result(None)
+
+
+class MyDatagramProto(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    done = None
+
+    def __init__(self, create_future=False):
+        self.state = 'INITIAL'
+        self.nbytes = 0
+        if create_future:
+            self.done = asyncio.Future()
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        assert self.state == 'INITIAL', self.state
+        self.state = 'INITIALIZED'
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data, addr):
+        assert self.state == 'INITIALIZED', self.state
+        self.nbytes += len(data)
+
+    def error_received(self, exc):
+        assert self.state == 'INITIALIZED', self.state
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        assert self.state == 'INITIALIZED', self.state
+        self.state = 'CLOSED'
+        if self.done:
+            self.done.set_result(None)
+
+
+class BaseEventLoopWithSelectorTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.socket')
+    def test_create_connection_multiple_errors(self, m_socket):
+
+        class MyProto(asyncio.Protocol):
+            pass
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def getaddrinfo(*args, **kw):
+            yield from []
+            return [(2, 1, 6, '', ('107.6.106.82', 80)),
+                    (2, 1, 6, '', ('107.6.106.82', 80))]
+
+        def getaddrinfo_task(*args, **kwds):
+            return asyncio.Task(getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds), loop=self.loop)
+
+        idx = -1
+        errors = ['err1', 'err2']
+
+        def _socket(*args, **kw):
+            nonlocal idx, errors
+            idx += 1
+            raise OSError(errors[idx])
+
+        m_socket.socket = _socket
+
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_task
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'example.com', 80)
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'Multiple exceptions: err1, err2')
+
+    def test_create_connection_host_port_sock(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(
+            MyProto, 'example.com', 80, sock=object())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_connection_no_host_port_sock(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_connection_no_getaddrinfo(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def getaddrinfo(*args, **kw):
+            yield from []
+
+        def getaddrinfo_task(*args, **kwds):
+            return asyncio.Task(getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds), loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_task
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'example.com', 80)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_connection_connect_err(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def getaddrinfo(*args, **kw):
+            yield from []
+            return [(2, 1, 6, '', ('107.6.106.82', 80))]
+
+        def getaddrinfo_task(*args, **kwds):
+            return asyncio.Task(getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds), loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_task
+        self.loop.sock_connect = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.sock_connect.side_effect = OSError
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'example.com', 80)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_connection_multiple(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def getaddrinfo(*args, **kw):
+            return [(2, 1, 6, '', ('0.0.0.1', 80)),
+                    (2, 1, 6, '', ('0.0.0.2', 80))]
+
+        def getaddrinfo_task(*args, **kwds):
+            return asyncio.Task(getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds), loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_task
+        self.loop.sock_connect = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.sock_connect.side_effect = OSError
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(
+            MyProto, 'example.com', 80, family=socket.AF_INET)
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.socket')
+    def test_create_connection_multiple_errors_local_addr(self, m_socket):
+
+        def bind(addr):
+            if addr[0] == '0.0.0.1':
+                err = OSError('Err')
+                err.strerror = 'Err'
+                raise err
+
+        m_socket.socket.return_value.bind = bind
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def getaddrinfo(*args, **kw):
+            return [(2, 1, 6, '', ('0.0.0.1', 80)),
+                    (2, 1, 6, '', ('0.0.0.2', 80))]
+
+        def getaddrinfo_task(*args, **kwds):
+            return asyncio.Task(getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds), loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_task
+        self.loop.sock_connect = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.sock_connect.side_effect = OSError('Err2')
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(
+            MyProto, 'example.com', 80, family=socket.AF_INET,
+            local_addr=(None, 8080))
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+        self.assertTrue(str(cm.exception).startswith('Multiple exceptions: '))
+        self.assertTrue(m_socket.socket.return_value.close.called)
+
+    def test_create_connection_no_local_addr(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def getaddrinfo(host, *args, **kw):
+            if host == 'example.com':
+                return [(2, 1, 6, '', ('107.6.106.82', 80)),
+                        (2, 1, 6, '', ('107.6.106.82', 80))]
+            else:
+                return []
+
+        def getaddrinfo_task(*args, **kwds):
+            return asyncio.Task(getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_task
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(
+            MyProto, 'example.com', 80, family=socket.AF_INET,
+            local_addr=(None, 8080))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_connection_ssl_server_hostname_default(self):
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = mock.Mock()
+
+        def mock_getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds):
+            f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+            f.set_result([(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM,
+                           socket.SOL_TCP, '', ('1.2.3.4', 80))])
+            return f
+
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo.side_effect = mock_getaddrinfo
+        self.loop.sock_connect = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.sock_connect.return_value = ()
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport = mock.Mock()
+
+        class _SelectorTransportMock:
+            _sock = None
+
+            def close(self):
+                self._sock.close()
+
+        def mock_make_ssl_transport(sock, protocol, sslcontext, waiter,
+                                    **kwds):
+            waiter.set_result(None)
+            transport = _SelectorTransportMock()
+            transport._sock = sock
+            return transport
+
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport.side_effect = mock_make_ssl_transport
+        ANY = mock.ANY
+        # First try the default server_hostname.
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport.reset_mock()
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'python.org', 80, ssl=True)
+        transport, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+        transport.close()
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport.assert_called_with(
+            ANY, ANY, ANY, ANY,
+            server_side=False,
+            server_hostname='python.org')
+        # Next try an explicit server_hostname.
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport.reset_mock()
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'python.org', 80, ssl=True,
+                                           server_hostname='perl.com')
+        transport, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+        transport.close()
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport.assert_called_with(
+            ANY, ANY, ANY, ANY,
+            server_side=False,
+            server_hostname='perl.com')
+        # Finally try an explicit empty server_hostname.
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport.reset_mock()
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'python.org', 80, ssl=True,
+                                           server_hostname='')
+        transport, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+        transport.close()
+        self.loop._make_ssl_transport.assert_called_with(ANY, ANY, ANY, ANY,
+                                                         server_side=False,
+                                                         server_hostname='')
+
+    def test_create_connection_no_ssl_server_hostname_errors(self):
+        # When not using ssl, server_hostname must be None.
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'python.org', 80,
+                                           server_hostname='')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, 'python.org', 80,
+                                           server_hostname='python.org')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_connection_ssl_server_hostname_errors(self):
+        # When using ssl, server_hostname may be None if host is non-empty.
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, '', 80, ssl=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, None, 80, ssl=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        coro = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, None, None,
+                                           ssl=True, sock=sock)
+        self.addCleanup(sock.close)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_server_empty_host(self):
+        # if host is empty string use None instead
+        host = object()
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def getaddrinfo(*args, **kw):
+            nonlocal host
+            host = args[0]
+            yield from []
+
+        def getaddrinfo_task(*args, **kwds):
+            return asyncio.Task(getaddrinfo(*args, **kwds), loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_task
+        fut = self.loop.create_server(MyProto, '', 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, fut)
+        self.assertIsNone(host)
+
+    def test_create_server_host_port_sock(self):
+        fut = self.loop.create_server(
+            MyProto, '0.0.0.0', 0, sock=object())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, fut)
+
+    def test_create_server_no_host_port_sock(self):
+        fut = self.loop.create_server(MyProto)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, fut)
+
+    def test_create_server_no_getaddrinfo(self):
+        getaddrinfo = self.loop.getaddrinfo = mock.Mock()
+        getaddrinfo.return_value = []
+
+        f = self.loop.create_server(MyProto, '0.0.0.0', 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, f)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.socket')
+    def test_create_server_cant_bind(self, m_socket):
+
+        class Err(OSError):
+            strerror = 'error'
+
+        m_socket.getaddrinfo.return_value = [
+            (2, 1, 6, '', ('127.0.0.1', 10100))]
+        m_socket.getaddrinfo._is_coroutine = False
+        m_sock = m_socket.socket.return_value = mock.Mock()
+        m_sock.bind.side_effect = Err
+
+        fut = self.loop.create_server(MyProto, '0.0.0.0', 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, fut)
+        self.assertTrue(m_sock.close.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.socket')
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_no_addrinfo(self, m_socket):
+        m_socket.getaddrinfo.return_value = []
+        m_socket.getaddrinfo._is_coroutine = False
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            MyDatagramProto, local_addr=('localhost', 0))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_addr_error(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            MyDatagramProto, local_addr='localhost')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            MyDatagramProto, local_addr=('localhost', 1, 2, 3))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_connect_err(self):
+        self.loop.sock_connect = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.sock_connect.side_effect = OSError
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            asyncio.DatagramProtocol, remote_addr=('127.0.0.1', 0))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.socket')
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_socket_err(self, m_socket):
+        m_socket.getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo
+        m_socket.socket.side_effect = OSError
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            asyncio.DatagramProtocol, family=socket.AF_INET)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            asyncio.DatagramProtocol, local_addr=('127.0.0.1', 0))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(IPV6_ENABLED, 'IPv6 not supported or enabled')
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_no_matching_family(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            asyncio.DatagramProtocol,
+            remote_addr=('127.0.0.1', 0), local_addr=('::1', 0))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.socket')
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_setblk_err(self, m_socket):
+        m_socket.socket.return_value.setblocking.side_effect = OSError
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            asyncio.DatagramProtocol, family=socket.AF_INET)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            m_socket.socket.return_value.close.called)
+
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_noaddr_nofamily(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            asyncio.DatagramProtocol)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.socket')
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint_cant_bind(self, m_socket):
+        class Err(OSError):
+            pass
+
+        m_socket.AF_INET6 = socket.AF_INET6
+        m_socket.getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo
+        m_sock = m_socket.socket.return_value = mock.Mock()
+        m_sock.bind.side_effect = Err
+
+        fut = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            MyDatagramProto,
+            local_addr=('127.0.0.1', 0), family=socket.AF_INET)
+        self.assertRaises(Err, self.loop.run_until_complete, fut)
+        self.assertTrue(m_sock.close.called)
+
+    def test_accept_connection_retry(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.accept.side_effect = BlockingIOError()
+
+        self.loop._accept_connection(MyProto, sock)
+        self.assertFalse(sock.close.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_accept_connection_exception(self, m_log):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.accept.side_effect = OSError(errno.EMFILE, 'Too many open files')
+        self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.call_later = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop._accept_connection(MyProto, sock)
+        self.assertTrue(m_log.error.called)
+        self.assertFalse(sock.close.called)
+        self.loop.remove_reader.assert_called_with(10)
+        self.loop.call_later.assert_called_with(constants.ACCEPT_RETRY_DELAY,
+                                                # self.loop._start_serving
+                                                mock.ANY,
+                                                MyProto, sock, None, None)
+
+    def test_call_coroutine(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coroutine_function():
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.loop.call_soon(coroutine_function)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(coroutine_function)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.loop.call_later(60, coroutine_function)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.loop.call_at(self.loop.time() + 60, coroutine_function)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.loop.run_in_executor(None, coroutine_function)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f01d1f38a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2016 @@
+"""Tests for events.py."""
+
+import functools
+import gc
+import io
+import os
+import platform
+import signal
+import socket
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
+    HAS_SNI = False
+else:
+    from ssl import HAS_SNI
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import errno
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+from test import support  # find_unused_port, IPV6_ENABLED, TEST_HOME_DIR
+
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import selector_events
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+def data_file(filename):
+    if hasattr(support, 'TEST_HOME_DIR'):
+        fullname = os.path.join(support.TEST_HOME_DIR, filename)
+        if os.path.isfile(fullname):
+            return fullname
+    fullname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), filename)
+    if os.path.isfile(fullname):
+        return fullname
+    raise FileNotFoundError(filename)
+
+
+def osx_tiger():
+    """Return True if the platform is Mac OS 10.4 or older."""
+    if sys.platform != 'darwin':
+        return False
+    version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+    version = tuple(map(int, version.split('.')))
+    return version < (10, 5)
+
+
+ONLYCERT = data_file('ssl_cert.pem')
+ONLYKEY = data_file('ssl_key.pem')
+SIGNED_CERTFILE = data_file('keycert3.pem')
+SIGNING_CA = data_file('pycacert.pem')
+
+
+class MyBaseProto(asyncio.Protocol):
+    done = None
+
+    def __init__(self, loop=None):
+        self.transport = None
+        self.state = 'INITIAL'
+        self.nbytes = 0
+        if loop is not None:
+            self.done = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        assert self.state == 'INITIAL', self.state
+        self.state = 'CONNECTED'
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.nbytes += len(data)
+
+    def eof_received(self):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.state = 'EOF'
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        assert self.state in ('CONNECTED', 'EOF'), self.state
+        self.state = 'CLOSED'
+        if self.done:
+            self.done.set_result(None)
+
+
+class MyProto(MyBaseProto):
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        super().connection_made(transport)
+        transport.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n')
+
+
+class MyDatagramProto(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    done = None
+
+    def __init__(self, loop=None):
+        self.state = 'INITIAL'
+        self.nbytes = 0
+        if loop is not None:
+            self.done = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        assert self.state == 'INITIAL', self.state
+        self.state = 'INITIALIZED'
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data, addr):
+        assert self.state == 'INITIALIZED', self.state
+        self.nbytes += len(data)
+
+    def error_received(self, exc):
+        assert self.state == 'INITIALIZED', self.state
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        assert self.state == 'INITIALIZED', self.state
+        self.state = 'CLOSED'
+        if self.done:
+            self.done.set_result(None)
+
+
+class MyReadPipeProto(asyncio.Protocol):
+    done = None
+
+    def __init__(self, loop=None):
+        self.state = ['INITIAL']
+        self.nbytes = 0
+        self.transport = None
+        if loop is not None:
+            self.done = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        assert self.state == ['INITIAL'], self.state
+        self.state.append('CONNECTED')
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        assert self.state == ['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED'], self.state
+        self.nbytes += len(data)
+
+    def eof_received(self):
+        assert self.state == ['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED'], self.state
+        self.state.append('EOF')
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        if 'EOF' not in self.state:
+            self.state.append('EOF')  # It is okay if EOF is missed.
+        assert self.state == ['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED', 'EOF'], self.state
+        self.state.append('CLOSED')
+        if self.done:
+            self.done.set_result(None)
+
+
+class MyWritePipeProto(asyncio.BaseProtocol):
+    done = None
+
+    def __init__(self, loop=None):
+        self.state = 'INITIAL'
+        self.transport = None
+        if loop is not None:
+            self.done = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        assert self.state == 'INITIAL', self.state
+        self.state = 'CONNECTED'
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.state = 'CLOSED'
+        if self.done:
+            self.done.set_result(None)
+
+
+class MySubprocessProtocol(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol):
+
+    def __init__(self, loop):
+        self.state = 'INITIAL'
+        self.transport = None
+        self.connected = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)
+        self.completed = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)
+        self.disconnects = {fd: asyncio.Future(loop=loop) for fd in range(3)}
+        self.data = {1: b'', 2: b''}
+        self.returncode = None
+        self.got_data = {1: asyncio.Event(loop=loop),
+                         2: asyncio.Event(loop=loop)}
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        assert self.state == 'INITIAL', self.state
+        self.state = 'CONNECTED'
+        self.connected.set_result(None)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.state = 'CLOSED'
+        self.completed.set_result(None)
+
+    def pipe_data_received(self, fd, data):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.data[fd] += data
+        self.got_data[fd].set()
+
+    def pipe_connection_lost(self, fd, exc):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        if exc:
+            self.disconnects[fd].set_exception(exc)
+        else:
+            self.disconnects[fd].set_result(exc)
+
+    def process_exited(self):
+        assert self.state == 'CONNECTED', self.state
+        self.returncode = self.transport.get_returncode()
+
+
+class EventLoopTestsMixin:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.loop = self.create_event_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # just in case if we have transport close callbacks
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.close()
+        gc.collect()
+        super().tearDown()
+
+    def test_run_until_complete_nesting(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro1():
+            yield
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro2():
+            self.assertTrue(self.loop.is_running())
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro1())
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError, self.loop.run_until_complete, coro2())
+
+    # Note: because of the default Windows timing granularity of
+    # 15.6 msec, we use fairly long sleep times here (~100 msec).
+
+    def test_run_until_complete(self):
+        t0 = self.loop.time()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=self.loop))
+        t1 = self.loop.time()
+        self.assertTrue(0.08 <= t1-t0 <= 0.8, t1-t0)
+
+    def test_run_until_complete_stopped(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def cb():
+            self.loop.stop()
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=self.loop)
+        task = cb()
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError,
+                          self.loop.run_until_complete, task)
+
+    def test_call_later(self):
+        results = []
+
+        def callback(arg):
+            results.append(arg)
+            self.loop.stop()
+
+        self.loop.call_later(0.1, callback, 'hello world')
+        t0 = time.monotonic()
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        t1 = time.monotonic()
+        self.assertEqual(results, ['hello world'])
+        self.assertTrue(0.08 <= t1-t0 <= 0.8, t1-t0)
+
+    def test_call_soon(self):
+        results = []
+
+        def callback(arg1, arg2):
+            results.append((arg1, arg2))
+            self.loop.stop()
+
+        self.loop.call_soon(callback, 'hello', 'world')
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        self.assertEqual(results, [('hello', 'world')])
+
+    def test_call_soon_threadsafe(self):
+        results = []
+        lock = threading.Lock()
+
+        def callback(arg):
+            results.append(arg)
+            if len(results) >= 2:
+                self.loop.stop()
+
+        def run_in_thread():
+            self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback, 'hello')
+            lock.release()
+
+        lock.acquire()
+        t = threading.Thread(target=run_in_thread)
+        t.start()
+
+        with lock:
+            self.loop.call_soon(callback, 'world')
+            self.loop.run_forever()
+        t.join()
+        self.assertEqual(results, ['hello', 'world'])
+
+    def test_call_soon_threadsafe_same_thread(self):
+        results = []
+
+        def callback(arg):
+            results.append(arg)
+            if len(results) >= 2:
+                self.loop.stop()
+
+        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback, 'hello')
+        self.loop.call_soon(callback, 'world')
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        self.assertEqual(results, ['hello', 'world'])
+
+    def test_run_in_executor(self):
+        def run(arg):
+            return (arg, threading.get_ident())
+        f2 = self.loop.run_in_executor(None, run, 'yo')
+        res, thread_id = self.loop.run_until_complete(f2)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 'yo')
+        self.assertNotEqual(thread_id, threading.get_ident())
+
+    def test_reader_callback(self):
+        r, w = test_utils.socketpair()
+        bytes_read = []
+
+        def reader():
+            try:
+                data = r.recv(1024)
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                # Spurious readiness notifications are possible
+                # at least on Linux -- see man select.
+                return
+            if data:
+                bytes_read.append(data)
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue(self.loop.remove_reader(r.fileno()))
+                r.close()
+
+        self.loop.add_reader(r.fileno(), reader)
+        self.loop.call_soon(w.send, b'abc')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.loop.call_soon(w.send, b'def')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.loop.call_soon(w.close)
+        self.loop.call_soon(self.loop.stop)
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        self.assertEqual(b''.join(bytes_read), b'abcdef')
+
+    def test_writer_callback(self):
+        r, w = test_utils.socketpair()
+        w.setblocking(False)
+        self.loop.add_writer(w.fileno(), w.send, b'x'*(256*1024))
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+        def remove_writer():
+            self.assertTrue(self.loop.remove_writer(w.fileno()))
+
+        self.loop.call_soon(remove_writer)
+        self.loop.call_soon(self.loop.stop)
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        w.close()
+        data = r.recv(256*1024)
+        r.close()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(data), 200)
+
+    def _basetest_sock_client_ops(self, httpd, sock):
+        sock.setblocking(False)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(
+            self.loop.sock_connect(sock, httpd.address))
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(
+            self.loop.sock_sendall(sock, b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n'))
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(
+            self.loop.sock_recv(sock, 1024))
+        # consume data
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(
+            self.loop.sock_recv(sock, 1024))
+        sock.close()
+        self.assertTrue(data.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK'))
+
+    def test_sock_client_ops(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server() as httpd:
+            sock = socket.socket()
+            self._basetest_sock_client_ops(httpd, sock)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_unix_sock_client_ops(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_unix_server() as httpd:
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+            self._basetest_sock_client_ops(httpd, sock)
+
+    def test_sock_client_fail(self):
+        # Make sure that we will get an unused port
+        address = None
+        try:
+            s = socket.socket()
+            s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
+            address = s.getsockname()
+        finally:
+            s.close()
+
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        sock.setblocking(False)
+        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionRefusedError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                self.loop.sock_connect(sock, address))
+        sock.close()
+
+    def test_sock_accept(self):
+        listener = socket.socket()
+        listener.setblocking(False)
+        listener.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
+        listener.listen(1)
+        client = socket.socket()
+        client.connect(listener.getsockname())
+
+        f = self.loop.sock_accept(listener)
+        conn, addr = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertEqual(conn.gettimeout(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(addr, client.getsockname())
+        self.assertEqual(client.getpeername(), listener.getsockname())
+        client.close()
+        conn.close()
+        listener.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGKILL'), 'No SIGKILL')
+    def test_add_signal_handler(self):
+        caught = 0
+
+        def my_handler():
+            nonlocal caught
+            caught += 1
+
+        # Check error behavior first.
+        self.assertRaises(
+            TypeError, self.loop.add_signal_handler, 'boom', my_handler)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            TypeError, self.loop.remove_signal_handler, 'boom')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.add_signal_handler, signal.NSIG+1,
+            my_handler)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.remove_signal_handler, signal.NSIG+1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.add_signal_handler, 0, my_handler)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.remove_signal_handler, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.add_signal_handler, -1, my_handler)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.remove_signal_handler, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError, self.loop.add_signal_handler, signal.SIGKILL,
+            my_handler)
+        # Removing SIGKILL doesn't raise, since we don't call signal().
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGKILL))
+        # Now set a handler and handle it.
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT, my_handler)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGINT)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(caught, 1)
+        # Removing it should restore the default handler.
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT))
+        self.assertEqual(signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT),
+                         signal.default_int_handler)
+        # Removing again returns False.
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT))
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGALRM'), 'No SIGALRM')
+    def test_signal_handling_while_selecting(self):
+        # Test with a signal actually arriving during a select() call.
+        caught = 0
+
+        def my_handler():
+            nonlocal caught
+            caught += 1
+            self.loop.stop()
+
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGALRM, my_handler)
+
+        signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, 0.01, 0)  # Send SIGALRM once.
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        self.assertEqual(caught, 1)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGALRM'), 'No SIGALRM')
+    def test_signal_handling_args(self):
+        some_args = (42,)
+        caught = 0
+
+        def my_handler(*args):
+            nonlocal caught
+            caught += 1
+            self.assertEqual(args, some_args)
+
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGALRM, my_handler, *some_args)
+
+        signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, 0.1, 0)  # Send SIGALRM once.
+        self.loop.call_later(0.5, self.loop.stop)
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        self.assertEqual(caught, 1)
+
+    def _basetest_create_connection(self, connection_fut, check_sockname=True):
+        tr, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(connection_fut)
+        self.assertIsInstance(tr, asyncio.Transport)
+        self.assertIsInstance(pr, asyncio.Protocol)
+        if check_sockname:
+            self.assertIsNotNone(tr.get_extra_info('sockname'))
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(pr.done)
+        self.assertGreater(pr.nbytes, 0)
+        tr.close()
+
+    def test_create_connection(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server() as httpd:
+            conn_fut = self.loop.create_connection(
+                lambda: MyProto(loop=self.loop), *httpd.address)
+            self._basetest_create_connection(conn_fut)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_create_unix_connection(self):
+        # Issue #20682: On Mac OS X Tiger, getsockname() returns a
+        # zero-length address for UNIX socket.
+        check_sockname = not osx_tiger()
+
+        with test_utils.run_test_unix_server() as httpd:
+            conn_fut = self.loop.create_unix_connection(
+                lambda: MyProto(loop=self.loop), httpd.address)
+            self._basetest_create_connection(conn_fut, check_sockname)
+
+    def test_create_connection_sock(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server() as httpd:
+            sock = None
+            infos = self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                self.loop.getaddrinfo(
+                    *httpd.address, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM))
+            for family, type, proto, cname, address in infos:
+                try:
+                    sock = socket.socket(family=family, type=type, proto=proto)
+                    sock.setblocking(False)
+                    self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                        self.loop.sock_connect(sock, address))
+                except:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+            else:
+                assert False, 'Can not create socket.'
+
+            f = self.loop.create_connection(
+                lambda: MyProto(loop=self.loop), sock=sock)
+            tr, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+            self.assertIsInstance(tr, asyncio.Transport)
+            self.assertIsInstance(pr, asyncio.Protocol)
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(pr.done)
+            self.assertGreater(pr.nbytes, 0)
+            tr.close()
+
+    def _basetest_create_ssl_connection(self, connection_fut,
+                                        check_sockname=True):
+        tr, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(connection_fut)
+        self.assertIsInstance(tr, asyncio.Transport)
+        self.assertIsInstance(pr, asyncio.Protocol)
+        self.assertTrue('ssl' in tr.__class__.__name__.lower())
+        if check_sockname:
+            self.assertIsNotNone(tr.get_extra_info('sockname'))
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(pr.done)
+        self.assertGreater(pr.nbytes, 0)
+        tr.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    def test_create_ssl_connection(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server(use_ssl=True) as httpd:
+            conn_fut = self.loop.create_connection(
+                lambda: MyProto(loop=self.loop),
+                *httpd.address,
+                ssl=test_utils.dummy_ssl_context())
+
+            self._basetest_create_ssl_connection(conn_fut)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_create_ssl_unix_connection(self):
+        # Issue #20682: On Mac OS X Tiger, getsockname() returns a
+        # zero-length address for UNIX socket.
+        check_sockname = not osx_tiger()
+
+        with test_utils.run_test_unix_server(use_ssl=True) as httpd:
+            conn_fut = self.loop.create_unix_connection(
+                lambda: MyProto(loop=self.loop),
+                httpd.address,
+                ssl=test_utils.dummy_ssl_context(),
+                server_hostname='127.0.0.1')
+
+            self._basetest_create_ssl_connection(conn_fut, check_sockname)
+
+    def test_create_connection_local_addr(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server() as httpd:
+            port = support.find_unused_port()
+            f = self.loop.create_connection(
+                lambda: MyProto(loop=self.loop),
+                *httpd.address, local_addr=(httpd.address[0], port))
+            tr, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+            expected = pr.transport.get_extra_info('sockname')[1]
+            self.assertEqual(port, expected)
+            tr.close()
+
+    def test_create_connection_local_addr_in_use(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server() as httpd:
+            f = self.loop.create_connection(
+                lambda: MyProto(loop=self.loop),
+                *httpd.address, local_addr=httpd.address)
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+                self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EADDRINUSE)
+            self.assertIn(str(httpd.address), cm.exception.strerror)
+
+    def test_create_server(self):
+        proto = MyProto()
+        f = self.loop.create_server(lambda: proto, '0.0.0.0', 0)
+        server = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertEqual(len(server.sockets), 1)
+        sock = server.sockets[0]
+        host, port = sock.getsockname()
+        self.assertEqual(host, '0.0.0.0')
+        client = socket.socket()
+        client.connect(('127.0.0.1', port))
+        client.sendall(b'xxx')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto is not None, 10)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MyProto)
+        self.assertEqual('INITIAL', proto.state)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto.nbytes > 0,
+                             timeout=10)
+        self.assertEqual(3, proto.nbytes)
+
+        # extra info is available
+        self.assertIsNotNone(proto.transport.get_extra_info('sockname'))
+        self.assertEqual('127.0.0.1',
+                         proto.transport.get_extra_info('peername')[0])
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)  # windows iocp
+
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', proto.state)
+
+        # the client socket must be closed after to avoid ECONNRESET upon
+        # recv()/send() on the serving socket
+        client.close()
+
+        # close server
+        server.close()
+
+    def _make_unix_server(self, factory, **kwargs):
+        path = test_utils.gen_unix_socket_path()
+        self.addCleanup(lambda: os.path.exists(path) and os.unlink(path))
+
+        f = self.loop.create_unix_server(factory, path, **kwargs)
+        server = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+
+        return server, path
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_create_unix_server(self):
+        proto = MyProto()
+        server, path = self._make_unix_server(lambda: proto)
+        self.assertEqual(len(server.sockets), 1)
+
+        client = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        client.connect(path)
+        client.sendall(b'xxx')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto is not None, 10)
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MyProto)
+        self.assertEqual('INITIAL', proto.state)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto.nbytes > 0,
+                             timeout=10)
+        self.assertEqual(3, proto.nbytes)
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)  # windows iocp
+
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', proto.state)
+
+        # the client socket must be closed after to avoid ECONNRESET upon
+        # recv()/send() on the serving socket
+        client.close()
+
+        # close server
+        server.close()
+
+    def _create_ssl_context(self, certfile, keyfile=None):
+        sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
+        return sslcontext
+
+    def _make_ssl_server(self, factory, certfile, keyfile=None):
+        sslcontext = self._create_ssl_context(certfile, keyfile)
+
+        f = self.loop.create_server(factory, '127.0.0.1', 0, ssl=sslcontext)
+        server = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+
+        sock = server.sockets[0]
+        host, port = sock.getsockname()
+        self.assertEqual(host, '127.0.0.1')
+        return server, host, port
+
+    def _make_ssl_unix_server(self, factory, certfile, keyfile=None):
+        sslcontext = self._create_ssl_context(certfile, keyfile)
+        return self._make_unix_server(factory, ssl=sslcontext)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    def test_create_server_ssl(self):
+        proto = MyProto(loop=self.loop)
+        server, host, port = self._make_ssl_server(
+            lambda: proto, ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY)
+
+        f_c = self.loop.create_connection(MyBaseProto, host, port,
+                                          ssl=test_utils.dummy_ssl_context())
+        client, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(f_c)
+
+        client.write(b'xxx')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MyProto)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto.nbytes > 0,
+                             timeout=10)
+        self.assertEqual(3, proto.nbytes)
+
+        # extra info is available
+        self.assertIsNotNone(proto.transport.get_extra_info('sockname'))
+        self.assertEqual('127.0.0.1',
+                         proto.transport.get_extra_info('peername')[0])
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.done)
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', proto.state)
+
+        # the client socket must be closed after to avoid ECONNRESET upon
+        # recv()/send() on the serving socket
+        client.close()
+
+        # stop serving
+        server.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_create_unix_server_ssl(self):
+        proto = MyProto(loop=self.loop)
+        server, path = self._make_ssl_unix_server(
+            lambda: proto, ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY)
+
+        f_c = self.loop.create_unix_connection(
+            MyBaseProto, path, ssl=test_utils.dummy_ssl_context(),
+            server_hostname='')
+
+        client, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(f_c)
+
+        client.write(b'xxx')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MyProto)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto.nbytes > 0,
+                             timeout=10)
+        self.assertEqual(3, proto.nbytes)
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.done)
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', proto.state)
+
+        # the client socket must be closed after to avoid ECONNRESET upon
+        # recv()/send() on the serving socket
+        client.close()
+
+        # stop serving
+        server.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    def test_create_server_ssl_verify_failed(self):
+        proto = MyProto(loop=self.loop)
+        server, host, port = self._make_ssl_server(
+            lambda: proto, SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+
+        sslcontext_client = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext_client.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext_client.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        if hasattr(sslcontext_client, 'check_hostname'):
+            sslcontext_client.check_hostname = True
+
+        # no CA loaded
+        f_c = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, host, port,
+                                          ssl=sslcontext_client)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError,
+                                    'certificate verify failed '):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(f_c)
+
+        # close connection
+        self.assertIsNone(proto.transport)
+        server.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_create_unix_server_ssl_verify_failed(self):
+        proto = MyProto(loop=self.loop)
+        server, path = self._make_ssl_unix_server(
+            lambda: proto, SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+
+        sslcontext_client = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext_client.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext_client.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        if hasattr(sslcontext_client, 'check_hostname'):
+            sslcontext_client.check_hostname = True
+
+        # no CA loaded
+        f_c = self.loop.create_unix_connection(MyProto, path,
+                                               ssl=sslcontext_client,
+                                               server_hostname='invalid')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError,
+                                    'certificate verify failed '):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(f_c)
+
+        # close connection
+        self.assertIsNone(proto.transport)
+        server.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    def test_create_server_ssl_match_failed(self):
+        proto = MyProto(loop=self.loop)
+        server, host, port = self._make_ssl_server(
+            lambda: proto, SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+
+        sslcontext_client = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext_client.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext_client.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        sslcontext_client.load_verify_locations(
+            cafile=SIGNING_CA)
+        if hasattr(sslcontext_client, 'check_hostname'):
+            sslcontext_client.check_hostname = True
+
+        # incorrect server_hostname
+        f_c = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, host, port,
+                                          ssl=sslcontext_client)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                ssl.CertificateError,
+                "hostname '127.0.0.1' doesn't match 'localhost'"):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(f_c)
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        server.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_create_unix_server_ssl_verified(self):
+        proto = MyProto(loop=self.loop)
+        server, path = self._make_ssl_unix_server(
+            lambda: proto, SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+
+        sslcontext_client = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext_client.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext_client.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        sslcontext_client.load_verify_locations(cafile=SIGNING_CA)
+        if hasattr(sslcontext_client, 'check_hostname'):
+            sslcontext_client.check_hostname = True
+
+        # Connection succeeds with correct CA and server hostname.
+        f_c = self.loop.create_unix_connection(MyProto, path,
+                                               ssl=sslcontext_client,
+                                               server_hostname='localhost')
+        client, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(f_c)
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        client.close()
+        server.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    def test_create_server_ssl_verified(self):
+        proto = MyProto(loop=self.loop)
+        server, host, port = self._make_ssl_server(
+            lambda: proto, SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+
+        sslcontext_client = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext_client.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext_client.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        sslcontext_client.load_verify_locations(cafile=SIGNING_CA)
+        if hasattr(sslcontext_client, 'check_hostname'):
+            sslcontext_client.check_hostname = True
+
+        # Connection succeeds with correct CA and server hostname.
+        f_c = self.loop.create_connection(MyProto, host, port,
+                                          ssl=sslcontext_client,
+                                          server_hostname='localhost')
+        client, pr = self.loop.run_until_complete(f_c)
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        client.close()
+        server.close()
+
+    def test_create_server_sock(self):
+        proto = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        class TestMyProto(MyProto):
+            def connection_made(self, transport):
+                super().connection_made(transport)
+                proto.set_result(self)
+
+        sock_ob = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        sock_ob.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        sock_ob.bind(('0.0.0.0', 0))
+
+        f = self.loop.create_server(TestMyProto, sock=sock_ob)
+        server = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        sock = server.sockets[0]
+        self.assertIs(sock, sock_ob)
+
+        host, port = sock.getsockname()
+        self.assertEqual(host, '0.0.0.0')
+        client = socket.socket()
+        client.connect(('127.0.0.1', port))
+        client.send(b'xxx')
+        client.close()
+        server.close()
+
+    def test_create_server_addr_in_use(self):
+        sock_ob = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        sock_ob.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        sock_ob.bind(('0.0.0.0', 0))
+
+        f = self.loop.create_server(MyProto, sock=sock_ob)
+        server = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        sock = server.sockets[0]
+        host, port = sock.getsockname()
+
+        f = self.loop.create_server(MyProto, host=host, port=port)
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EADDRINUSE)
+
+        server.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(support.IPV6_ENABLED, 'IPv6 not supported or enabled')
+    def test_create_server_dual_stack(self):
+        f_proto = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        class TestMyProto(MyProto):
+            def connection_made(self, transport):
+                super().connection_made(transport)
+                f_proto.set_result(self)
+
+        try_count = 0
+        while True:
+            try:
+                port = support.find_unused_port()
+                f = self.loop.create_server(TestMyProto, host=None, port=port)
+                server = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+            except OSError as ex:
+                if ex.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
+                    try_count += 1
+                    self.assertGreaterEqual(5, try_count)
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    raise
+            else:
+                break
+        client = socket.socket()
+        client.connect(('127.0.0.1', port))
+        client.send(b'xxx')
+        proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(f_proto)
+        proto.transport.close()
+        client.close()
+
+        f_proto = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
+        client.connect(('::1', port))
+        client.send(b'xxx')
+        proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(f_proto)
+        proto.transport.close()
+        client.close()
+
+        server.close()
+
+    def test_server_close(self):
+        f = self.loop.create_server(MyProto, '0.0.0.0', 0)
+        server = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        sock = server.sockets[0]
+        host, port = sock.getsockname()
+
+        client = socket.socket()
+        client.connect(('127.0.0.1', port))
+        client.send(b'xxx')
+        client.close()
+
+        server.close()
+
+        client = socket.socket()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ConnectionRefusedError, client.connect, ('127.0.0.1', port))
+        client.close()
+
+    def test_create_datagram_endpoint(self):
+        class TestMyDatagramProto(MyDatagramProto):
+            def __init__(inner_self):
+                super().__init__(loop=self.loop)
+
+            def datagram_received(self, data, addr):
+                super().datagram_received(data, addr)
+                self.transport.sendto(b'resp:'+data, addr)
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            TestMyDatagramProto, local_addr=('127.0.0.1', 0))
+        s_transport, server = self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+        host, port = s_transport.get_extra_info('sockname')
+
+        coro = self.loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            lambda: MyDatagramProto(loop=self.loop),
+            remote_addr=(host, port))
+        transport, client = self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+        self.assertEqual('INITIALIZED', client.state)
+        transport.sendto(b'xxx')
+        for _ in range(1000):
+            if server.nbytes:
+                break
+            test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(3, server.nbytes)
+        for _ in range(1000):
+            if client.nbytes:
+                break
+            test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+        # received
+        self.assertEqual(8, client.nbytes)
+
+        # extra info is available
+        self.assertIsNotNone(transport.get_extra_info('sockname'))
+
+        # close connection
+        transport.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(client.done)
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', client.state)
+        server.transport.close()
+
+    def test_internal_fds(self):
+        loop = self.create_event_loop()
+        if not isinstance(loop, selector_events.BaseSelectorEventLoop):
+            self.skipTest('loop is not a BaseSelectorEventLoop')
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, loop._internal_fds)
+        loop.close()
+        self.assertEqual(0, loop._internal_fds)
+        self.assertIsNone(loop._csock)
+        self.assertIsNone(loop._ssock)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform != 'win32',
+                         "Don't support pipes for Windows")
+    def test_read_pipe(self):
+        proto = MyReadPipeProto(loop=self.loop)
+
+        rpipe, wpipe = os.pipe()
+        pipeobj = io.open(rpipe, 'rb', 1024)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def connect():
+            t, p = yield from self.loop.connect_read_pipe(
+                lambda: proto, pipeobj)
+            self.assertIs(p, proto)
+            self.assertIs(t, proto.transport)
+            self.assertEqual(['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED'], proto.state)
+            self.assertEqual(0, proto.nbytes)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(connect())
+
+        os.write(wpipe, b'1')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(1, proto.nbytes)
+
+        os.write(wpipe, b'2345')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED'], proto.state)
+        self.assertEqual(5, proto.nbytes)
+
+        os.close(wpipe)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.done)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED', 'EOF', 'CLOSED'], proto.state)
+        # extra info is available
+        self.assertIsNotNone(proto.transport.get_extra_info('pipe'))
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform != 'win32',
+                         "Don't support pipes for Windows")
+    # select, poll and kqueue don't support character devices (PTY) on Mac OS X
+    # older than 10.6 (Snow Leopard)
+    @support.requires_mac_ver(10, 6)
+    # Issue #20495: The test hangs on FreeBSD 7.2 but pass on FreeBSD 9
+    @support.requires_freebsd_version(8)
+    def test_read_pty_output(self):
+        proto = MyReadPipeProto(loop=self.loop)
+
+        master, slave = os.openpty()
+        master_read_obj = io.open(master, 'rb', 0)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def connect():
+            t, p = yield from self.loop.connect_read_pipe(lambda: proto,
+                                                          master_read_obj)
+            self.assertIs(p, proto)
+            self.assertIs(t, proto.transport)
+            self.assertEqual(['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED'], proto.state)
+            self.assertEqual(0, proto.nbytes)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(connect())
+
+        os.write(slave, b'1')
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto.nbytes)
+        self.assertEqual(1, proto.nbytes)
+
+        os.write(slave, b'2345')
+        test_utils.run_until(self.loop, lambda: proto.nbytes >= 5)
+        self.assertEqual(['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED'], proto.state)
+        self.assertEqual(5, proto.nbytes)
+
+        os.close(slave)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.done)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ['INITIAL', 'CONNECTED', 'EOF', 'CLOSED'], proto.state)
+        # extra info is available
+        self.assertIsNotNone(proto.transport.get_extra_info('pipe'))
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform != 'win32',
+                         "Don't support pipes for Windows")
+    def test_write_pipe(self):
+        rpipe, wpipe = os.pipe()
+        pipeobj = io.open(wpipe, 'wb', 1024)
+
+        proto = MyWritePipeProto(loop=self.loop)
+        connect = self.loop.connect_write_pipe(lambda: proto, pipeobj)
+        transport, p = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIs(p, proto)
+        self.assertIs(transport, proto.transport)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+
+        transport.write(b'1')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        data = os.read(rpipe, 1024)
+        self.assertEqual(b'1', data)
+
+        transport.write(b'2345')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        data = os.read(rpipe, 1024)
+        self.assertEqual(b'2345', data)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+
+        os.close(rpipe)
+
+        # extra info is available
+        self.assertIsNotNone(proto.transport.get_extra_info('pipe'))
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.done)
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', proto.state)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform != 'win32',
+                         "Don't support pipes for Windows")
+    def test_write_pipe_disconnect_on_close(self):
+        rsock, wsock = test_utils.socketpair()
+        pipeobj = io.open(wsock.detach(), 'wb', 1024)
+
+        proto = MyWritePipeProto(loop=self.loop)
+        connect = self.loop.connect_write_pipe(lambda: proto, pipeobj)
+        transport, p = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIs(p, proto)
+        self.assertIs(transport, proto.transport)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+
+        transport.write(b'1')
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(self.loop.sock_recv(rsock, 1024))
+        self.assertEqual(b'1', data)
+
+        rsock.close()
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.done)
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', proto.state)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform != 'win32',
+                         "Don't support pipes for Windows")
+    # select, poll and kqueue don't support character devices (PTY) on Mac OS X
+    # older than 10.6 (Snow Leopard)
+    @support.requires_mac_ver(10, 6)
+    def test_write_pty(self):
+        master, slave = os.openpty()
+        slave_write_obj = io.open(slave, 'wb', 0)
+
+        proto = MyWritePipeProto(loop=self.loop)
+        connect = self.loop.connect_write_pipe(lambda: proto, slave_write_obj)
+        transport, p = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIs(p, proto)
+        self.assertIs(transport, proto.transport)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+
+        transport.write(b'1')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        data = os.read(master, 1024)
+        self.assertEqual(b'1', data)
+
+        transport.write(b'2345')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        data = os.read(master, 1024)
+        self.assertEqual(b'2345', data)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+
+        os.close(master)
+
+        # extra info is available
+        self.assertIsNotNone(proto.transport.get_extra_info('pipe'))
+
+        # close connection
+        proto.transport.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.done)
+        self.assertEqual('CLOSED', proto.state)
+
+    def test_prompt_cancellation(self):
+        r, w = test_utils.socketpair()
+        r.setblocking(False)
+        f = self.loop.sock_recv(r, 1)
+        ov = getattr(f, 'ov', None)
+        if ov is not None:
+            self.assertTrue(ov.pending)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def main():
+            try:
+                self.loop.call_soon(f.cancel)
+                yield from f
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                res = 'cancelled'
+            else:
+                res = None
+            finally:
+                self.loop.stop()
+            return res
+
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        t = asyncio.Task(main(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_forever()
+        elapsed = time.monotonic() - start
+
+        self.assertLess(elapsed, 0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(t.result(), 'cancelled')
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError, f.result)
+        if ov is not None:
+            self.assertFalse(ov.pending)
+        self.loop._stop_serving(r)
+
+        r.close()
+        w.close()
+
+    def test_timeout_rounding(self):
+        def _run_once():
+            self.loop._run_once_counter += 1
+            orig_run_once()
+
+        orig_run_once = self.loop._run_once
+        self.loop._run_once_counter = 0
+        self.loop._run_once = _run_once
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def wait():
+            loop = self.loop
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(1e-2, loop=loop)
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(1e-4, loop=loop)
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(1e-6, loop=loop)
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(1e-8, loop=loop)
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(1e-10, loop=loop)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(wait())
+        # The ideal number of call is 12, but on some platforms, the selector
+        # may sleep at little bit less than timeout depending on the resolution
+        # of the clock used by the kernel. Tolerate a few useless calls on
+        # these platforms.
+        self.assertLessEqual(self.loop._run_once_counter, 20,
+            {'clock_resolution': self.loop._clock_resolution,
+             'selector': self.loop._selector.__class__.__name__})
+
+    def test_sock_connect_address(self):
+        addresses = [(socket.AF_INET, ('www.python.org', 80))]
+        if support.IPV6_ENABLED:
+            addresses.extend((
+                (socket.AF_INET6, ('www.python.org', 80)),
+                (socket.AF_INET6, ('www.python.org', 80, 0, 0)),
+            ))
+
+        for family, address in addresses:
+            for sock_type in (socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.SOCK_DGRAM):
+                sock = socket.socket(family, sock_type)
+                with sock:
+                    connect = self.loop.sock_connect(sock, address)
+                    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+                        self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+                    self.assertIn('address must be resolved',
+                                  str(cm.exception))
+
+
+class SubprocessTestsMixin:
+
+    def check_terminated(self, returncode):
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            self.assertIsInstance(returncode, int)
+            # expect 1 but sometimes get 0
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGTERM, returncode)
+
+    def check_killed(self, returncode):
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            self.assertIsInstance(returncode, int)
+            # expect 1 but sometimes get 0
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGKILL, returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_exec(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+
+        stdin = transp.get_pipe_transport(0)
+        stdin.write(b'Python The Winner')
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.got_data[1].wait())
+        transp.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.check_terminated(proto.returncode)
+        self.assertEqual(b'Python The Winner', proto.data[1])
+
+    def test_subprocess_interactive(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+        self.assertEqual('CONNECTED', proto.state)
+
+        try:
+            stdin = transp.get_pipe_transport(0)
+            stdin.write(b'Python ')
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.got_data[1].wait())
+            proto.got_data[1].clear()
+            self.assertEqual(b'Python ', proto.data[1])
+
+            stdin.write(b'The Winner')
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.got_data[1].wait())
+            self.assertEqual(b'Python The Winner', proto.data[1])
+        finally:
+            transp.close()
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.check_terminated(proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_shell(self):
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_shell(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        'echo Python')
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+
+        transp.get_pipe_transport(0).close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.assertEqual(0, proto.returncode)
+        self.assertTrue(all(f.done() for f in proto.disconnects.values()))
+        self.assertEqual(proto.data[1].rstrip(b'\r\n'), b'Python')
+        self.assertEqual(proto.data[2], b'')
+
+    def test_subprocess_exitcode(self):
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_shell(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        'exit 7', stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.assertEqual(7, proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_close_after_finish(self):
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_shell(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        'exit 7', stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.assertIsNone(transp.get_pipe_transport(0))
+        self.assertIsNone(transp.get_pipe_transport(1))
+        self.assertIsNone(transp.get_pipe_transport(2))
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.assertEqual(7, proto.returncode)
+        self.assertIsNone(transp.close())
+
+    def test_subprocess_kill(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+
+        transp.kill()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.check_killed(proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_terminate(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+
+        transp.terminate()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.check_terminated(proto.returncode)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32', "Don't have SIGHUP")
+    def test_subprocess_send_signal(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+
+        transp.send_signal(signal.SIGHUP)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGHUP, proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_stderr(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo2.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+
+        stdin = transp.get_pipe_transport(0)
+        stdin.write(b'test')
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+
+        transp.close()
+        self.assertEqual(b'OUT:test', proto.data[1])
+        self.assertTrue(proto.data[2].startswith(b'ERR:test'), proto.data[2])
+        self.assertEqual(0, proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_stderr_redirect_to_stdout(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo2.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+
+        stdin = transp.get_pipe_transport(0)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(transp.get_pipe_transport(1))
+        self.assertIsNone(transp.get_pipe_transport(2))
+
+        stdin.write(b'test')
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.assertTrue(proto.data[1].startswith(b'OUT:testERR:test'),
+                        proto.data[1])
+        self.assertEqual(b'', proto.data[2])
+
+        transp.close()
+        self.assertEqual(0, proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_close_client_stream(self):
+        prog = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'echo3.py')
+
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        sys.executable, prog)
+        transp, proto = self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.connected)
+
+        stdin = transp.get_pipe_transport(0)
+        stdout = transp.get_pipe_transport(1)
+        stdin.write(b'test')
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.got_data[1].wait())
+        self.assertEqual(b'OUT:test', proto.data[1])
+
+        stdout.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.disconnects[1])
+        stdin.write(b'xxx')
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.got_data[2].wait())
+        if sys.platform != 'win32':
+            self.assertEqual(b'ERR:BrokenPipeError', proto.data[2])
+        else:
+            # After closing the read-end of a pipe, writing to the
+            # write-end using os.write() fails with errno==EINVAL and
+            # GetLastError()==ERROR_INVALID_NAME on Windows!?!  (Using
+            # WriteFile() we get ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE as expected.)
+            self.assertEqual(b'ERR:OSError', proto.data[2])
+        transp.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.check_terminated(proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_wait_no_same_group(self):
+        # start the new process in a new session
+        connect = self.loop.subprocess_shell(
+                        functools.partial(MySubprocessProtocol, self.loop),
+                        'exit 7', stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
+                        start_new_session=True)
+        _, proto = yield self.loop.run_until_complete(connect)
+        self.assertIsInstance(proto, MySubprocessProtocol)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proto.completed)
+        self.assertEqual(7, proto.returncode)
+
+    def test_subprocess_exec_invalid_args(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def connect(**kwds):
+            yield from self.loop.subprocess_exec(
+                asyncio.SubprocessProtocol,
+                'pwd', **kwds)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(connect(universal_newlines=True))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(connect(bufsize=4096))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(connect(shell=True))
+
+    def test_subprocess_shell_invalid_args(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def connect(cmd=None, **kwds):
+            if not cmd:
+                cmd = 'pwd'
+            yield from self.loop.subprocess_shell(
+                asyncio.SubprocessProtocol,
+                cmd, **kwds)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(connect(['ls', '-l']))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(connect(universal_newlines=True))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(connect(bufsize=4096))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(connect(shell=False))
+
+
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+
+    class SelectEventLoopTests(EventLoopTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+
+        def create_event_loop(self):
+            return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop()
+
+    class ProactorEventLoopTests(EventLoopTestsMixin,
+                                 SubprocessTestsMixin,
+                                 unittest.TestCase):
+
+        def create_event_loop(self):
+            return asyncio.ProactorEventLoop()
+
+        def test_create_ssl_connection(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop incompatible with SSL")
+
+        def test_create_server_ssl(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop incompatible with SSL")
+
+        def test_create_server_ssl_verify_failed(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop incompatible with SSL")
+
+        def test_create_server_ssl_match_failed(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop incompatible with SSL")
+
+        def test_create_server_ssl_verified(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop incompatible with SSL")
+
+        def test_reader_callback(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop does not have add_reader()")
+
+        def test_reader_callback_cancel(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop does not have add_reader()")
+
+        def test_writer_callback(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop does not have add_writer()")
+
+        def test_writer_callback_cancel(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("IocpEventLoop does not have add_writer()")
+
+        def test_create_datagram_endpoint(self):
+            raise unittest.SkipTest(
+                "IocpEventLoop does not have create_datagram_endpoint()")
+else:
+    from asyncio import selectors
+
+    class UnixEventLoopTestsMixin(EventLoopTestsMixin):
+        def setUp(self):
+            super().setUp()
+            watcher = asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
+            watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
+            asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)
+
+        def tearDown(self):
+            asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
+            super().tearDown()
+
+    if hasattr(selectors, 'KqueueSelector'):
+        class KqueueEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+                                   SubprocessTestsMixin,
+                                   unittest.TestCase):
+
+            def create_event_loop(self):
+                return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(
+                    selectors.KqueueSelector())
+
+            # kqueue doesn't support character devices (PTY) on Mac OS X older
+            # than 10.9 (Maverick)
+            @support.requires_mac_ver(10, 9)
+            # Issue #20667: KqueueEventLoopTests.test_read_pty_output()
+            # hangs on OpenBSD 5.5
+            @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('openbsd'),
+                             'test hangs on OpenBSD')
+            def test_read_pty_output(self):
+                super().test_read_pty_output()
+
+            # kqueue doesn't support character devices (PTY) on Mac OS X older
+            # than 10.9 (Maverick)
+            @support.requires_mac_ver(10, 9)
+            def test_write_pty(self):
+                super().test_write_pty()
+
+    if hasattr(selectors, 'EpollSelector'):
+        class EPollEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+                                  SubprocessTestsMixin,
+                                  unittest.TestCase):
+
+            def create_event_loop(self):
+                return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selectors.EpollSelector())
+
+    if hasattr(selectors, 'PollSelector'):
+        class PollEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+                                 SubprocessTestsMixin,
+                                 unittest.TestCase):
+
+            def create_event_loop(self):
+                return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selectors.PollSelector())
+
+    # Should always exist.
+    class SelectEventLoopTests(UnixEventLoopTestsMixin,
+                               SubprocessTestsMixin,
+                               unittest.TestCase):
+
+        def create_event_loop(self):
+            return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selectors.SelectSelector())
+
+
+class HandleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_handle(self):
+        def callback(*args):
+            return args
+
+        args = ()
+        h = asyncio.Handle(callback, args, mock.Mock())
+        self.assertIs(h._callback, callback)
+        self.assertIs(h._args, args)
+        self.assertFalse(h._cancelled)
+
+        r = repr(h)
+        self.assertTrue(r.startswith(
+            'Handle('
+            '<function HandleTests.test_handle.<locals>.callback'))
+        self.assertTrue(r.endswith('())'))
+
+        h.cancel()
+        self.assertTrue(h._cancelled)
+
+        r = repr(h)
+        self.assertTrue(r.startswith(
+            'Handle('
+            '<function HandleTests.test_handle.<locals>.callback'))
+        self.assertTrue(r.endswith('())<cancelled>'), r)
+
+    def test_handle_from_handle(self):
+        def callback(*args):
+            return args
+        m_loop = object()
+        h1 = asyncio.Handle(callback, (), loop=m_loop)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, asyncio.Handle, h1, (), m_loop)
+
+    def test_callback_with_exception(self):
+        def callback():
+            raise ValueError()
+
+        m_loop = mock.Mock()
+        m_loop.call_exception_handler = mock.Mock()
+
+        h = asyncio.Handle(callback, (), m_loop)
+        h._run()
+
+        m_loop.call_exception_handler.assert_called_with({
+            'message': test_utils.MockPattern('Exception in callback.*'),
+            'exception': mock.ANY,
+            'handle': h
+        })
+
+
+class TimerTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        when = time.monotonic()
+        h = asyncio.TimerHandle(when, lambda: False, (),
+                                mock.Mock())
+        self.assertEqual(hash(h), hash(when))
+
+    def test_timer(self):
+        def callback(*args):
+            return args
+
+        args = ()
+        when = time.monotonic()
+        h = asyncio.TimerHandle(when, callback, args, mock.Mock())
+        self.assertIs(h._callback, callback)
+        self.assertIs(h._args, args)
+        self.assertFalse(h._cancelled)
+
+        r = repr(h)
+        self.assertTrue(r.endswith('())'))
+
+        h.cancel()
+        self.assertTrue(h._cancelled)
+
+        r = repr(h)
+        self.assertTrue(r.endswith('())<cancelled>'), r)
+
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError,
+                          asyncio.TimerHandle, None, callback, args,
+                          mock.Mock())
+
+    def test_timer_comparison(self):
+        loop = mock.Mock()
+
+        def callback(*args):
+            return args
+
+        when = time.monotonic()
+
+        h1 = asyncio.TimerHandle(when, callback, (), loop)
+        h2 = asyncio.TimerHandle(when, callback, (), loop)
+        # TODO: Use assertLess etc.
+        self.assertFalse(h1 < h2)
+        self.assertFalse(h2 < h1)
+        self.assertTrue(h1 <= h2)
+        self.assertTrue(h2 <= h1)
+        self.assertFalse(h1 > h2)
+        self.assertFalse(h2 > h1)
+        self.assertTrue(h1 >= h2)
+        self.assertTrue(h2 >= h1)
+        self.assertTrue(h1 == h2)
+        self.assertFalse(h1 != h2)
+
+        h2.cancel()
+        self.assertFalse(h1 == h2)
+
+        h1 = asyncio.TimerHandle(when, callback, (), loop)
+        h2 = asyncio.TimerHandle(when + 10.0, callback, (), loop)
+        self.assertTrue(h1 < h2)
+        self.assertFalse(h2 < h1)
+        self.assertTrue(h1 <= h2)
+        self.assertFalse(h2 <= h1)
+        self.assertFalse(h1 > h2)
+        self.assertTrue(h2 > h1)
+        self.assertFalse(h1 >= h2)
+        self.assertTrue(h2 >= h1)
+        self.assertFalse(h1 == h2)
+        self.assertTrue(h1 != h2)
+
+        h3 = asyncio.Handle(callback, (), loop)
+        self.assertIs(NotImplemented, h1.__eq__(h3))
+        self.assertIs(NotImplemented, h1.__ne__(h3))
+
+
+class AbstractEventLoopTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+        f = mock.Mock()
+        loop = asyncio.AbstractEventLoop()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.run_forever)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.run_until_complete, None)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.stop)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.is_running)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.close)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.call_later, None, None)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.call_at, f, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.call_soon, None)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.time)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.call_soon_threadsafe, None)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.run_in_executor, f, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.set_default_executor, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.getaddrinfo, 'localhost', 8080)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.getnameinfo, ('localhost', 8080))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.create_connection, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.create_server, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.create_datagram_endpoint, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.add_reader, 1, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.remove_reader, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.add_writer, 1, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.remove_writer, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.sock_recv, f, 10)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.sock_sendall, f, 10)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.sock_connect, f, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.sock_accept, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.add_signal_handler, 1, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.remove_signal_handler, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.remove_signal_handler, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.connect_read_pipe, f,
+            mock.sentinel.pipe)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.connect_write_pipe, f,
+            mock.sentinel.pipe)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.subprocess_shell, f,
+            mock.sentinel)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, loop.subprocess_exec, f)
+
+
+class ProtocolsAbsTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        f = mock.Mock()
+        p = asyncio.Protocol()
+        self.assertIsNone(p.connection_made(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.connection_lost(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.data_received(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.eof_received())
+
+        dp = asyncio.DatagramProtocol()
+        self.assertIsNone(dp.connection_made(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(dp.connection_lost(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(dp.error_received(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(dp.datagram_received(f, f))
+
+        sp = asyncio.SubprocessProtocol()
+        self.assertIsNone(sp.connection_made(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(sp.connection_lost(f))
+        self.assertIsNone(sp.pipe_data_received(1, f))
+        self.assertIsNone(sp.pipe_connection_lost(1, f))
+        self.assertIsNone(sp.process_exited())
+
+
+class PolicyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_event_loop_policy(self):
+        policy = asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy()
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.get_event_loop)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.set_event_loop, object())
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.new_event_loop)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.get_child_watcher)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, policy.set_child_watcher,
+                          object())
+
+    def test_get_event_loop(self):
+        policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+        self.assertIsNone(policy._local._loop)
+
+        loop = policy.get_event_loop()
+        self.assertIsInstance(loop, asyncio.AbstractEventLoop)
+
+        self.assertIs(policy._local._loop, loop)
+        self.assertIs(loop, policy.get_event_loop())
+        loop.close()
+
+    def test_get_event_loop_calls_set_event_loop(self):
+        policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+                policy, "set_event_loop",
+                wraps=policy.set_event_loop) as m_set_event_loop:
+
+            loop = policy.get_event_loop()
+
+            # policy._local._loop must be set through .set_event_loop()
+            # (the unix DefaultEventLoopPolicy needs this call to attach
+            # the child watcher correctly)
+            m_set_event_loop.assert_called_with(loop)
+
+        loop.close()
+
+    def test_get_event_loop_after_set_none(self):
+        policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+        policy.set_event_loop(None)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, policy.get_event_loop)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.events.threading.current_thread')
+    def test_get_event_loop_thread(self, m_current_thread):
+
+        def f():
+            policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+            self.assertRaises(AssertionError, policy.get_event_loop)
+
+        th = threading.Thread(target=f)
+        th.start()
+        th.join()
+
+    def test_new_event_loop(self):
+        policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+
+        loop = policy.new_event_loop()
+        self.assertIsInstance(loop, asyncio.AbstractEventLoop)
+        loop.close()
+
+    def test_set_event_loop(self):
+        policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+        old_loop = policy.get_event_loop()
+
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, policy.set_event_loop, object())
+
+        loop = policy.new_event_loop()
+        policy.set_event_loop(loop)
+        self.assertIs(loop, policy.get_event_loop())
+        self.assertIsNot(old_loop, policy.get_event_loop())
+        loop.close()
+        old_loop.close()
+
+    def test_get_event_loop_policy(self):
+        policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
+        self.assertIsInstance(policy, asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy)
+        self.assertIs(policy, asyncio.get_event_loop_policy())
+
+    def test_set_event_loop_policy(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, asyncio.set_event_loop_policy, object())
+
+        old_policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
+
+        policy = asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(policy)
+        self.assertIs(policy, asyncio.get_event_loop_policy())
+        self.assertIsNot(policy, old_policy)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_futures.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_futures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..399e8f438e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_futures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+"""Tests for futures.py."""
+
+import concurrent.futures
+import threading
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+def _fakefunc(f):
+    return f
+
+
+class FutureTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_initial_state(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(f.cancelled())
+        self.assertFalse(f.done())
+        f.cancel()
+        self.assertTrue(f.cancelled())
+
+    def test_init_constructor_default_loop(self):
+        try:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+            f = asyncio.Future()
+            self.assertIs(f._loop, self.loop)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def test_constructor_positional(self):
+        # Make sure Future doesn't accept a positional argument
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, asyncio.Future, 42)
+
+    def test_cancel(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(f.cancel())
+        self.assertTrue(f.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError, f.result)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError, f.exception)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.set_result, None)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.set_exception, None)
+        self.assertFalse(f.cancel())
+
+    def test_result(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.result)
+
+        f.set_result(42)
+        self.assertFalse(f.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertEqual(f.result(), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(f.exception(), None)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.set_result, None)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.set_exception, None)
+        self.assertFalse(f.cancel())
+
+    def test_exception(self):
+        exc = RuntimeError()
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.exception)
+
+        f.set_exception(exc)
+        self.assertFalse(f.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, f.result)
+        self.assertEqual(f.exception(), exc)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.set_result, None)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.InvalidStateError, f.set_exception, None)
+        self.assertFalse(f.cancel())
+
+    def test_exception_class(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.set_exception(RuntimeError)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.exception(), RuntimeError)
+
+    def test_yield_from_twice(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        def fixture():
+            yield 'A'
+            x = yield from f
+            yield 'B', x
+            y = yield from f
+            yield 'C', y
+
+        g = fixture()
+        self.assertEqual(next(g), 'A')  # yield 'A'.
+        self.assertEqual(next(g), f)  # First yield from f.
+        f.set_result(42)
+        self.assertEqual(next(g), ('B', 42))  # yield 'B', x.
+        # The second "yield from f" does not yield f.
+        self.assertEqual(next(g), ('C', 42))  # yield 'C', y.
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        f_pending = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(f_pending), 'Future<PENDING>')
+        f_pending.cancel()
+
+        f_cancelled = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f_cancelled.cancel()
+        self.assertEqual(repr(f_cancelled), 'Future<CANCELLED>')
+
+        f_result = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f_result.set_result(4)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(f_result), 'Future<result=4>')
+        self.assertEqual(f_result.result(), 4)
+
+        exc = RuntimeError()
+        f_exception = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f_exception.set_exception(exc)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(f_exception), 'Future<exception=RuntimeError()>')
+        self.assertIs(f_exception.exception(), exc)
+
+        f_few_callbacks = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f_few_callbacks.add_done_callback(_fakefunc)
+        self.assertIn('Future<PENDING, [<function _fakefunc',
+                      repr(f_few_callbacks))
+        f_few_callbacks.cancel()
+
+        f_many_callbacks = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        for i in range(20):
+            f_many_callbacks.add_done_callback(_fakefunc)
+        r = repr(f_many_callbacks)
+        self.assertIn('Future<PENDING, [<function _fakefunc', r)
+        self.assertIn('<18 more>', r)
+        f_many_callbacks.cancel()
+
+    def test_copy_state(self):
+        # Test the internal _copy_state method since it's being directly
+        # invoked in other modules.
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.set_result(10)
+
+        newf = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        newf._copy_state(f)
+        self.assertTrue(newf.done())
+        self.assertEqual(newf.result(), 10)
+
+        f_exception = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f_exception.set_exception(RuntimeError())
+
+        newf_exception = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        newf_exception._copy_state(f_exception)
+        self.assertTrue(newf_exception.done())
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, newf_exception.result)
+
+        f_cancelled = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f_cancelled.cancel()
+
+        newf_cancelled = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        newf_cancelled._copy_state(f_cancelled)
+        self.assertTrue(newf_cancelled.cancelled())
+
+    def test_iter(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        def coro():
+            yield from fut
+
+        def test():
+            arg1, arg2 = coro()
+
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, test)
+        fut.cancel()
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_tb_logger_abandoned(self, m_log):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        del fut
+        self.assertFalse(m_log.error.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_tb_logger_result_unretrieved(self, m_log):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_result(42)
+        del fut
+        self.assertFalse(m_log.error.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_tb_logger_result_retrieved(self, m_log):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_result(42)
+        fut.result()
+        del fut
+        self.assertFalse(m_log.error.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_tb_logger_exception_unretrieved(self, m_log):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_exception(RuntimeError('boom'))
+        del fut
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(m_log.error.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_tb_logger_exception_retrieved(self, m_log):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_exception(RuntimeError('boom'))
+        fut.exception()
+        del fut
+        self.assertFalse(m_log.error.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_tb_logger_exception_result_retrieved(self, m_log):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_exception(RuntimeError('boom'))
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, fut.result)
+        del fut
+        self.assertFalse(m_log.error.called)
+
+    def test_wrap_future(self):
+
+        def run(arg):
+            return (arg, threading.get_ident())
+        ex = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(1)
+        f1 = ex.submit(run, 'oi')
+        f2 = asyncio.wrap_future(f1, loop=self.loop)
+        res, ident = self.loop.run_until_complete(f2)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f2, asyncio.Future)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 'oi')
+        self.assertNotEqual(ident, threading.get_ident())
+
+    def test_wrap_future_future(self):
+        f1 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f2 = asyncio.wrap_future(f1)
+        self.assertIs(f1, f2)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.futures.events')
+    def test_wrap_future_use_global_loop(self, m_events):
+        def run(arg):
+            return (arg, threading.get_ident())
+        ex = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(1)
+        f1 = ex.submit(run, 'oi')
+        f2 = asyncio.wrap_future(f1)
+        self.assertIs(m_events.get_event_loop.return_value, f2._loop)
+
+    def test_wrap_future_cancel(self):
+        f1 = concurrent.futures.Future()
+        f2 = asyncio.wrap_future(f1, loop=self.loop)
+        f2.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(f1.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(f2.cancelled())
+
+    def test_wrap_future_cancel2(self):
+        f1 = concurrent.futures.Future()
+        f2 = asyncio.wrap_future(f1, loop=self.loop)
+        f1.set_result(42)
+        f2.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(f1.cancelled())
+        self.assertEqual(f1.result(), 42)
+        self.assertTrue(f2.cancelled())
+
+
+class FutureDoneCallbackTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def run_briefly(self):
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+    def _make_callback(self, bag, thing):
+        # Create a callback function that appends thing to bag.
+        def bag_appender(future):
+            bag.append(thing)
+        return bag_appender
+
+    def _new_future(self):
+        return asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+    def test_callbacks_invoked_on_set_result(self):
+        bag = []
+        f = self._new_future()
+        f.add_done_callback(self._make_callback(bag, 42))
+        f.add_done_callback(self._make_callback(bag, 17))
+
+        self.assertEqual(bag, [])
+        f.set_result('foo')
+
+        self.run_briefly()
+
+        self.assertEqual(bag, [42, 17])
+        self.assertEqual(f.result(), 'foo')
+
+    def test_callbacks_invoked_on_set_exception(self):
+        bag = []
+        f = self._new_future()
+        f.add_done_callback(self._make_callback(bag, 100))
+
+        self.assertEqual(bag, [])
+        exc = RuntimeError()
+        f.set_exception(exc)
+
+        self.run_briefly()
+
+        self.assertEqual(bag, [100])
+        self.assertEqual(f.exception(), exc)
+
+    def test_remove_done_callback(self):
+        bag = []
+        f = self._new_future()
+        cb1 = self._make_callback(bag, 1)
+        cb2 = self._make_callback(bag, 2)
+        cb3 = self._make_callback(bag, 3)
+
+        # Add one cb1 and one cb2.
+        f.add_done_callback(cb1)
+        f.add_done_callback(cb2)
+
+        # One instance of cb2 removed. Now there's only one cb1.
+        self.assertEqual(f.remove_done_callback(cb2), 1)
+
+        # Never had any cb3 in there.
+        self.assertEqual(f.remove_done_callback(cb3), 0)
+
+        # After this there will be 6 instances of cb1 and one of cb2.
+        f.add_done_callback(cb2)
+        for i in range(5):
+            f.add_done_callback(cb1)
+
+        # Remove all instances of cb1. One cb2 remains.
+        self.assertEqual(f.remove_done_callback(cb1), 6)
+
+        self.assertEqual(bag, [])
+        f.set_result('foo')
+
+        self.run_briefly()
+
+        self.assertEqual(bag, [2])
+        self.assertEqual(f.result(), 'foo')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_locks.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_locks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f542463ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_locks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+"""Tests for lock.py"""
+
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+import re
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+STR_RGX_REPR = (
+    r'^<(?P<class>.*?) object at (?P<address>.*?)'
+    r'\[(?P<extras>'
+    r'(set|unset|locked|unlocked)(,value:\d)?(,waiters:\d+)?'
+    r')\]>\Z'
+)
+RGX_REPR = re.compile(STR_RGX_REPR)
+
+
+class LockTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_ctor_loop(self):
+        loop = mock.Mock()
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=loop)
+        self.assertIs(lock._loop, loop)
+
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(lock._loop, self.loop)
+
+    def test_ctor_noloop(self):
+        try:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+            lock = asyncio.Lock()
+            self.assertIs(lock._loop, self.loop)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(repr(lock).endswith('[unlocked]>'))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(lock)))
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def acquire_lock():
+            yield from lock
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_lock())
+        self.assertTrue(repr(lock).endswith('[locked]>'))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(lock)))
+
+    def test_lock(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def acquire_lock():
+            return (yield from lock)
+
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_lock())
+
+        self.assertTrue(res)
+        self.assertTrue(lock.locked())
+
+        lock.release()
+        self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
+
+    def test_acquire(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+        result = []
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.run_until_complete(lock.acquire()))
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            if (yield from lock.acquire()):
+                result.append(1)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c2(result):
+            if (yield from lock.acquire()):
+                result.append(2)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c3(result):
+            if (yield from lock.acquire()):
+                result.append(3)
+            return True
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(c2(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+
+        lock.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+
+        t3 = asyncio.Task(c3(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        lock.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2], result)
+
+        lock.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], result)
+
+        self.assertTrue(t1.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t1.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.result())
+
+    def test_acquire_cancel(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.run_until_complete(lock.acquire()))
+
+        task = asyncio.Task(lock.acquire(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.call_soon(task.cancel)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, task)
+        self.assertFalse(lock._waiters)
+
+    def test_cancel_race(self):
+        # Several tasks:
+        # - A acquires the lock
+        # - B is blocked in aqcuire()
+        # - C is blocked in aqcuire()
+        #
+        # Now, concurrently:
+        # - B is cancelled
+        # - A releases the lock
+        #
+        # If B's waiter is marked cancelled but not yet removed from
+        # _waiters, A's release() call will crash when trying to set
+        # B's waiter; instead, it should move on to C's waiter.
+
+        # Setup: A has the lock, b and c are waiting.
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def lockit(name, blocker):
+            yield from lock.acquire()
+            try:
+                if blocker is not None:
+                    yield from blocker
+            finally:
+                lock.release()
+
+        fa = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        ta = asyncio.Task(lockit('A', fa), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(lock.locked())
+        tb = asyncio.Task(lockit('B', None), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lock._waiters), 1)
+        tc = asyncio.Task(lockit('C', None), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lock._waiters), 2)
+
+        # Create the race and check.
+        # Without the fix this failed at the last assert.
+        fa.set_result(None)
+        tb.cancel()
+        self.assertTrue(lock._waiters[0].cancelled())
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
+        self.assertTrue(ta.done())
+        self.assertTrue(tb.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(tc.done())
+
+    def test_release_not_acquired(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, lock.release)
+
+    def test_release_no_waiters(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(lock.acquire())
+        self.assertTrue(lock.locked())
+
+        lock.release()
+        self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
+
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def acquire_lock():
+            return (yield from lock)
+
+        with self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_lock()):
+            self.assertTrue(lock.locked())
+
+        self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
+
+    def test_context_manager_cant_reuse(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def acquire_lock():
+            return (yield from lock)
+
+        # This spells "yield from lock" outside a generator.
+        cm = self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_lock())
+        with cm:
+            self.assertTrue(lock.locked())
+
+        self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
+
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            with cm:
+                pass
+
+    def test_context_manager_no_yield(self):
+        lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
+
+        try:
+            with lock:
+                self.fail('RuntimeError is not raised in with expression')
+        except RuntimeError as err:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                str(err),
+                '"yield from" should be used as context manager expression')
+
+        self.assertFalse(lock.locked())
+
+
+class EventTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_ctor_loop(self):
+        loop = mock.Mock()
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=loop)
+        self.assertIs(ev._loop, loop)
+
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(ev._loop, self.loop)
+
+    def test_ctor_noloop(self):
+        try:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+            ev = asyncio.Event()
+            self.assertIs(ev._loop, self.loop)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(repr(ev).endswith('[unset]>'))
+        match = RGX_REPR.match(repr(ev))
+        self.assertEqual(match.group('extras'), 'unset')
+
+        ev.set()
+        self.assertTrue(repr(ev).endswith('[set]>'))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(ev)))
+
+        ev._waiters.append(mock.Mock())
+        self.assertTrue('waiters:1' in repr(ev))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(ev)))
+
+    def test_wait(self):
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(ev.is_set())
+
+        result = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            if (yield from ev.wait()):
+                result.append(1)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c2(result):
+            if (yield from ev.wait()):
+                result.append(2)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c3(result):
+            if (yield from ev.wait()):
+                result.append(3)
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(c2(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+
+        t3 = asyncio.Task(c3(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        ev.set()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([3, 1, 2], result)
+
+        self.assertTrue(t1.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(t1.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(t2.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(t3.result())
+
+    def test_wait_on_set(self):
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=self.loop)
+        ev.set()
+
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(ev.wait())
+        self.assertTrue(res)
+
+    def test_wait_cancel(self):
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=self.loop)
+
+        wait = asyncio.Task(ev.wait(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.call_soon(wait.cancel)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, wait)
+        self.assertFalse(ev._waiters)
+
+    def test_clear(self):
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(ev.is_set())
+
+        ev.set()
+        self.assertTrue(ev.is_set())
+
+        ev.clear()
+        self.assertFalse(ev.is_set())
+
+    def test_clear_with_waiters(self):
+        ev = asyncio.Event(loop=self.loop)
+        result = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            if (yield from ev.wait()):
+                result.append(1)
+            return True
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+
+        ev.set()
+        ev.clear()
+        self.assertFalse(ev.is_set())
+
+        ev.set()
+        ev.set()
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(ev._waiters))
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(ev._waiters))
+
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t.result())
+
+
+class ConditionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_ctor_loop(self):
+        loop = mock.Mock()
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=loop)
+        self.assertIs(cond._loop, loop)
+
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(cond._loop, self.loop)
+
+    def test_ctor_noloop(self):
+        try:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+            cond = asyncio.Condition()
+            self.assertIs(cond._loop, self.loop)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def test_wait(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        result = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(1)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c2(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(2)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c3(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(3)
+            return True
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(c2(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t3 = asyncio.Task(c3(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+        self.assertFalse(cond.locked())
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire()))
+        cond.notify()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+        self.assertTrue(cond.locked())
+
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+        self.assertTrue(cond.locked())
+
+        cond.notify(2)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+        self.assertTrue(cond.locked())
+
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2], result)
+        self.assertTrue(cond.locked())
+
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], result)
+        self.assertTrue(cond.locked())
+
+        self.assertTrue(t1.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t1.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.result())
+
+    def test_wait_cancel(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire())
+
+        wait = asyncio.Task(cond.wait(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.call_soon(wait.cancel)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, wait)
+        self.assertFalse(cond._waiters)
+        self.assertTrue(cond.locked())
+
+    def test_wait_unacquired(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, cond.wait())
+
+    def test_wait_for(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        presult = False
+
+        def predicate():
+            return presult
+
+        result = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait_for(predicate)):
+                result.append(1)
+                cond.release()
+            return True
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire())
+        cond.notify()
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+
+        presult = True
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire())
+        cond.notify()
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t.result())
+
+    def test_wait_for_unacquired(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+
+        # predicate can return true immediately
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.wait_for(lambda: [1, 2, 3]))
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], res)
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            cond.wait_for(lambda: False))
+
+    def test_notify(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        result = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(1)
+                cond.release()
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c2(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(2)
+                cond.release()
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c3(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(3)
+                cond.release()
+            return True
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(c2(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t3 = asyncio.Task(c3(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire())
+        cond.notify(1)
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire())
+        cond.notify(1)
+        cond.notify(2048)
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], result)
+
+        self.assertTrue(t1.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t1.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.result())
+
+    def test_notify_all(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+
+        result = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(1)
+                cond.release()
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c2(result):
+            yield from cond.acquire()
+            if (yield from cond.wait()):
+                result.append(2)
+                cond.release()
+            return True
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(c2(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([], result)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire())
+        cond.notify_all()
+        cond.release()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2], result)
+
+        self.assertTrue(t1.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t1.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.result())
+
+    def test_notify_unacquired(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cond.notify)
+
+    def test_notify_all_unacquired(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cond.notify_all)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue('unlocked' in repr(cond))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(cond)))
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(cond.acquire())
+        self.assertTrue('locked' in repr(cond))
+
+        cond._waiters.append(mock.Mock())
+        self.assertTrue('waiters:1' in repr(cond))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(cond)))
+
+        cond._waiters.append(mock.Mock())
+        self.assertTrue('waiters:2' in repr(cond))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(cond)))
+
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def acquire_cond():
+            return (yield from cond)
+
+        with self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_cond()):
+            self.assertTrue(cond.locked())
+
+        self.assertFalse(cond.locked())
+
+    def test_context_manager_no_yield(self):
+        cond = asyncio.Condition(loop=self.loop)
+
+        try:
+            with cond:
+                self.fail('RuntimeError is not raised in with expression')
+        except RuntimeError as err:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                str(err),
+                '"yield from" should be used as context manager expression')
+
+        self.assertFalse(cond.locked())
+
+
+class SemaphoreTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_ctor_loop(self):
+        loop = mock.Mock()
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(loop=loop)
+        self.assertIs(sem._loop, loop)
+
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(sem._loop, self.loop)
+
+    def test_ctor_noloop(self):
+        try:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+            sem = asyncio.Semaphore()
+            self.assertIs(sem._loop, self.loop)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def test_initial_value_zero(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(0, loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(sem.locked())
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(repr(sem).endswith('[unlocked,value:1]>'))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(sem)))
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(sem.acquire())
+        self.assertTrue(repr(sem).endswith('[locked]>'))
+        self.assertTrue('waiters' not in repr(sem))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(sem)))
+
+        sem._waiters.append(mock.Mock())
+        self.assertTrue('waiters:1' in repr(sem))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(sem)))
+
+        sem._waiters.append(mock.Mock())
+        self.assertTrue('waiters:2' in repr(sem))
+        self.assertTrue(RGX_REPR.match(repr(sem)))
+
+    def test_semaphore(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(1, sem._value)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def acquire_lock():
+            return (yield from sem)
+
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_lock())
+
+        self.assertTrue(res)
+        self.assertTrue(sem.locked())
+        self.assertEqual(0, sem._value)
+
+        sem.release()
+        self.assertFalse(sem.locked())
+        self.assertEqual(1, sem._value)
+
+    def test_semaphore_value(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, asyncio.Semaphore, -1)
+
+    def test_acquire(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(3, loop=self.loop)
+        result = []
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.run_until_complete(sem.acquire()))
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.run_until_complete(sem.acquire()))
+        self.assertFalse(sem.locked())
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c1(result):
+            yield from sem.acquire()
+            result.append(1)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c2(result):
+            yield from sem.acquire()
+            result.append(2)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c3(result):
+            yield from sem.acquire()
+            result.append(3)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def c4(result):
+            yield from sem.acquire()
+            result.append(4)
+            return True
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(c1(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(c2(result), loop=self.loop)
+        t3 = asyncio.Task(c3(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual([1], result)
+        self.assertTrue(sem.locked())
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(sem._waiters))
+        self.assertEqual(0, sem._value)
+
+        t4 = asyncio.Task(c4(result), loop=self.loop)
+
+        sem.release()
+        sem.release()
+        self.assertEqual(2, sem._value)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(0, sem._value)
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], result)
+        self.assertTrue(sem.locked())
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(sem._waiters))
+        self.assertEqual(0, sem._value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(t1.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t1.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t2.result())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t3.result())
+        self.assertFalse(t4.done())
+
+        # cleanup locked semaphore
+        sem.release()
+
+    def test_acquire_cancel(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(sem.acquire())
+
+        acquire = asyncio.Task(sem.acquire(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.call_soon(acquire.cancel)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, acquire)
+        self.assertFalse(sem._waiters)
+
+    def test_release_not_acquired(self):
+        sem = asyncio.BoundedSemaphore(loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, sem.release)
+
+    def test_release_no_waiters(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(sem.acquire())
+        self.assertTrue(sem.locked())
+
+        sem.release()
+        self.assertFalse(sem.locked())
+
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(2, loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def acquire_lock():
+            return (yield from sem)
+
+        with self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_lock()):
+            self.assertFalse(sem.locked())
+            self.assertEqual(1, sem._value)
+
+            with self.loop.run_until_complete(acquire_lock()):
+                self.assertTrue(sem.locked())
+
+        self.assertEqual(2, sem._value)
+
+    def test_context_manager_no_yield(self):
+        sem = asyncio.Semaphore(2, loop=self.loop)
+
+        try:
+            with sem:
+                self.fail('RuntimeError is not raised in with expression')
+        except RuntimeError as err:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                str(err),
+                '"yield from" should be used as context manager expression')
+
+        self.assertEqual(2, sem._value)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_proactor_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_proactor_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bf24a4503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_proactor_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+"""Tests for proactor_events.py"""
+
+import socket
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio.proactor_events import BaseProactorEventLoop
+from asyncio.proactor_events import _ProactorSocketTransport
+from asyncio.proactor_events import _ProactorWritePipeTransport
+from asyncio.proactor_events import _ProactorDuplexPipeTransport
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+class ProactorSocketTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.proactor = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._proactor = self.proactor
+        self.protocol = test_utils.make_test_protocol(asyncio.Protocol)
+        self.sock = mock.Mock(socket.socket)
+
+    def test_ctor(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, fut)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIsNone(fut.result())
+        self.protocol.connection_made(tr)
+        self.proactor.recv.assert_called_with(self.sock, 4096)
+
+    def test_loop_reading(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._loop_reading()
+        self.loop._proactor.recv.assert_called_with(self.sock, 4096)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.data_received.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.eof_received.called)
+
+    def test_loop_reading_data(self):
+        res = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        res.set_result(b'data')
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+
+        tr._read_fut = res
+        tr._loop_reading(res)
+        self.loop._proactor.recv.assert_called_with(self.sock, 4096)
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data')
+
+    def test_loop_reading_no_data(self):
+        res = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        res.set_result(b'')
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, tr._loop_reading, res)
+
+        tr.close = mock.Mock()
+        tr._read_fut = res
+        tr._loop_reading(res)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._proactor.recv.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.protocol.eof_received.called)
+        self.assertTrue(tr.close.called)
+
+    def test_loop_reading_aborted(self):
+        err = self.loop._proactor.recv.side_effect = ConnectionAbortedError()
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        tr._loop_reading()
+        tr._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                            err,
+                            'Fatal read error on pipe transport')
+
+    def test_loop_reading_aborted_closing(self):
+        self.loop._proactor.recv.side_effect = ConnectionAbortedError()
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._closing = True
+        tr._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        tr._loop_reading()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._fatal_error.called)
+
+    def test_loop_reading_aborted_is_fatal(self):
+        self.loop._proactor.recv.side_effect = ConnectionAbortedError()
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._closing = False
+        tr._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        tr._loop_reading()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._fatal_error.called)
+
+    def test_loop_reading_conn_reset_lost(self):
+        err = self.loop._proactor.recv.side_effect = ConnectionResetError()
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._closing = False
+        tr._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        tr._force_close = mock.Mock()
+        tr._loop_reading()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._fatal_error.called)
+        tr._force_close.assert_called_with(err)
+
+    def test_loop_reading_exception(self):
+        err = self.loop._proactor.recv.side_effect = (OSError())
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        tr._loop_reading()
+        tr._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                            err,
+                            'Fatal read error on pipe transport')
+
+    def test_write(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._loop_writing = mock.Mock()
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(tr._buffer, None)
+        tr._loop_writing.assert_called_with(data=b'data')
+
+    def test_write_no_data(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr.write(b'')
+        self.assertFalse(tr._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_more(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._write_fut = mock.Mock()
+        tr._loop_writing = mock.Mock()
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(tr._buffer, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(tr._loop_writing.called)
+
+    def test_loop_writing(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._buffer = bytearray(b'data')
+        tr._loop_writing()
+        self.loop._proactor.send.assert_called_with(self.sock, b'data')
+        self.loop._proactor.send.return_value.add_done_callback.\
+            assert_called_with(tr._loop_writing)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.proactor_events.logger')
+    def test_loop_writing_err(self, m_log):
+        err = self.loop._proactor.send.side_effect = OSError()
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        tr._loop_writing()
+        tr._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                            err,
+                            'Fatal write error on pipe transport')
+        tr._conn_lost = 1
+
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(tr._buffer, None)
+        m_log.warning.assert_called_with('socket.send() raised exception.')
+
+    def test_loop_writing_stop(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_result(b'data')
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._write_fut = fut
+        tr._loop_writing(fut)
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._write_fut)
+
+    def test_loop_writing_closing(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_result(1)
+
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._write_fut = fut
+        tr.close()
+        tr._loop_writing(fut)
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._write_fut)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_abort(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._force_close = mock.Mock()
+        tr.abort()
+        tr._force_close.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr.close()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 1)
+
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.reset_mock()
+        tr.close()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
+
+    def test_close_write_fut(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._write_fut = mock.Mock()
+        tr.close()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
+
+    def test_close_buffer(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._buffer = [b'data']
+        tr.close()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_fatal_error(self, m_logging):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._force_close = mock.Mock()
+        tr._fatal_error(None)
+        self.assertTrue(tr._force_close.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m_logging.error.called)
+
+    def test_force_close(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._buffer = [b'data']
+        read_fut = tr._read_fut = mock.Mock()
+        write_fut = tr._write_fut = mock.Mock()
+        tr._force_close(None)
+
+        read_fut.cancel.assert_called_with()
+        write_fut.cancel.assert_called_with()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+        self.assertEqual(None, tr._buffer)
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 1)
+
+    def test_force_close_idempotent(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._closing = True
+        tr._force_close(None)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
+
+    def test_fatal_error_2(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._buffer = [b'data']
+        tr._force_close(None)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+        self.assertEqual(None, tr._buffer)
+
+    def test_call_connection_lost(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        tr._call_connection_lost(None)
+        self.assertTrue(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.close.called)
+
+    def test_write_eof(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.assertTrue(tr.can_write_eof())
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.sock.shutdown.assert_called_with(socket.SHUT_WR)
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertEqual(self.sock.shutdown.call_count, 1)
+        tr.close()
+
+    def test_write_eof_buffer(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        tr._loop._proactor.send.return_value = f
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._eof_written)
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.shutdown.called)
+        tr._loop._proactor.send.assert_called_with(self.sock, b'data')
+        f.set_result(4)
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.sock.shutdown.assert_called_with(socket.SHUT_WR)
+        tr.close()
+
+    def test_write_eof_write_pipe(self):
+        tr = _ProactorWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.assertTrue(tr.can_write_eof())
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.close.called)
+        tr.close()
+
+    def test_write_eof_buffer_write_pipe(self):
+        tr = _ProactorWritePipeTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        tr._loop._proactor.send.return_value = f
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.shutdown.called)
+        tr._loop._proactor.send.assert_called_with(self.sock, b'data')
+        f.set_result(4)
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.close.called)
+        tr.close()
+
+    def test_write_eof_duplex_pipe(self):
+        tr = _ProactorDuplexPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.assertFalse(tr.can_write_eof())
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            tr.write_eof()
+        tr.close()
+
+    def test_pause_resume_reading(self):
+        tr = _ProactorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        futures = []
+        for msg in [b'data1', b'data2', b'data3', b'data4', b'']:
+            f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+            f.set_result(msg)
+            futures.append(f)
+        self.loop._proactor.recv.side_effect = futures
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._paused)
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data1')
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data2')
+        tr.pause_reading()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._paused)
+        for i in range(10):
+            self.loop._run_once()
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data2')
+        tr.resume_reading()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._paused)
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data3')
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data4')
+        tr.close()
+
+
+class BaseProactorEventLoopTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.sock = mock.Mock(socket.socket)
+        self.proactor = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.ssock, self.csock = mock.Mock(), mock.Mock()
+
+        class EventLoop(BaseProactorEventLoop):
+            def _socketpair(s):
+                return (self.ssock, self.csock)
+
+        self.loop = EventLoop(self.proactor)
+
+    @mock.patch.object(BaseProactorEventLoop, 'call_soon')
+    @mock.patch.object(BaseProactorEventLoop, '_socketpair')
+    def test_ctor(self, socketpair, call_soon):
+        ssock, csock = socketpair.return_value = (
+            mock.Mock(), mock.Mock())
+        loop = BaseProactorEventLoop(self.proactor)
+        self.assertIs(loop._ssock, ssock)
+        self.assertIs(loop._csock, csock)
+        self.assertEqual(loop._internal_fds, 1)
+        call_soon.assert_called_with(loop._loop_self_reading)
+
+    def test_close_self_pipe(self):
+        self.loop._close_self_pipe()
+        self.assertEqual(self.loop._internal_fds, 0)
+        self.assertTrue(self.ssock.close.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.csock.close.called)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._ssock)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._csock)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        self.loop._close_self_pipe = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.close()
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._close_self_pipe.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.proactor.close.called)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._proactor)
+
+        self.loop._close_self_pipe.reset_mock()
+        self.loop.close()
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._close_self_pipe.called)
+
+    def test_sock_recv(self):
+        self.loop.sock_recv(self.sock, 1024)
+        self.proactor.recv.assert_called_with(self.sock, 1024)
+
+    def test_sock_sendall(self):
+        self.loop.sock_sendall(self.sock, b'data')
+        self.proactor.send.assert_called_with(self.sock, b'data')
+
+    def test_sock_connect(self):
+        self.loop.sock_connect(self.sock, 123)
+        self.proactor.connect.assert_called_with(self.sock, 123)
+
+    def test_sock_accept(self):
+        self.loop.sock_accept(self.sock)
+        self.proactor.accept.assert_called_with(self.sock)
+
+    def test_socketpair(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, BaseProactorEventLoop, self.proactor)
+
+    def test_make_socket_transport(self):
+        tr = self.loop._make_socket_transport(self.sock, asyncio.Protocol())
+        self.assertIsInstance(tr, _ProactorSocketTransport)
+
+    def test_loop_self_reading(self):
+        self.loop._loop_self_reading()
+        self.proactor.recv.assert_called_with(self.ssock, 4096)
+        self.proactor.recv.return_value.add_done_callback.assert_called_with(
+            self.loop._loop_self_reading)
+
+    def test_loop_self_reading_fut(self):
+        fut = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._loop_self_reading(fut)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.result.called)
+        self.proactor.recv.assert_called_with(self.ssock, 4096)
+        self.proactor.recv.return_value.add_done_callback.assert_called_with(
+            self.loop._loop_self_reading)
+
+    def test_loop_self_reading_exception(self):
+        self.loop.close = mock.Mock()
+        self.proactor.recv.side_effect = OSError()
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.loop._loop_self_reading)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop.close.called)
+
+    def test_write_to_self(self):
+        self.loop._write_to_self()
+        self.csock.send.assert_called_with(b'x')
+
+    def test_process_events(self):
+        self.loop._process_events([])
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_create_server(self, m_log):
+        pf = mock.Mock()
+        call_soon = self.loop.call_soon = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop._start_serving(pf, self.sock)
+        self.assertTrue(call_soon.called)
+
+        # callback
+        loop = call_soon.call_args[0][0]
+        loop()
+        self.proactor.accept.assert_called_with(self.sock)
+
+        # conn
+        fut = mock.Mock()
+        fut.result.return_value = (mock.Mock(), mock.Mock())
+
+        make_tr = self.loop._make_socket_transport = mock.Mock()
+        loop(fut)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.result.called)
+        self.assertTrue(make_tr.called)
+
+        # exception
+        fut.result.side_effect = OSError()
+        loop(fut)
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.close.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m_log.error.called)
+
+    def test_create_server_cancel(self):
+        pf = mock.Mock()
+        call_soon = self.loop.call_soon = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop._start_serving(pf, self.sock)
+        loop = call_soon.call_args[0][0]
+
+        # cancelled
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.cancel()
+        loop(fut)
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.close.called)
+
+    def test_stop_serving(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._stop_serving(sock)
+        self.assertTrue(sock.close.called)
+        self.proactor._stop_serving.assert_called_with(sock)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_queues.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_queues.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f79fee21d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_queues.py
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+"""Tests for queues.py"""
+
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+class _QueueTestBase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+
+class QueueBasicTests(_QueueTestBase):
+
+    def _test_repr_or_str(self, fn, expect_id):
+        """Test Queue's repr or str.
+
+        fn is repr or str. expect_id is True if we expect the Queue's id to
+        appear in fn(Queue()).
+        """
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0.1
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.2, when)
+            yield 0.1
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=loop)
+        self.assertTrue(fn(q).startswith('<Queue'), fn(q))
+        id_is_present = hex(id(q)) in fn(q)
+        self.assertEqual(expect_id, id_is_present)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def add_getter():
+            q = asyncio.Queue(loop=loop)
+            # Start a task that waits to get.
+            asyncio.Task(q.get(), loop=loop)
+            # Let it start waiting.
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop)
+            self.assertTrue('_getters[1]' in fn(q))
+            # resume q.get coroutine to finish generator
+            q.put_nowait(0)
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(add_getter())
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def add_putter():
+            q = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=1, loop=loop)
+            q.put_nowait(1)
+            # Start a task that waits to put.
+            asyncio.Task(q.put(2), loop=loop)
+            # Let it start waiting.
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop)
+            self.assertTrue('_putters[1]' in fn(q))
+            # resume q.put coroutine to finish generator
+            q.get_nowait()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(add_putter())
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=loop)
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+        self.assertTrue('_queue=[1]' in fn(q))
+
+    def test_ctor_loop(self):
+        loop = mock.Mock()
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=loop)
+        self.assertIs(q._loop, loop)
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(q._loop, self.loop)
+
+    def test_ctor_noloop(self):
+        try:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+            q = asyncio.Queue()
+            self.assertIs(q._loop, self.loop)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        self._test_repr_or_str(repr, True)
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        self._test_repr_or_str(str, False)
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(q.empty())
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+        self.assertFalse(q.empty())
+        self.assertEqual(1, q.get_nowait())
+        self.assertTrue(q.empty())
+
+    def test_full(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(q.full())
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=1, loop=self.loop)
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+        self.assertTrue(q.full())
+
+    def test_order(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        for i in [1, 3, 2]:
+            q.put_nowait(i)
+
+        items = [q.get_nowait() for _ in range(3)]
+        self.assertEqual([1, 3, 2], items)
+
+    def test_maxsize(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, when)
+            when = yield 0.01
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.02, when)
+            yield 0.01
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=2, loop=loop)
+        self.assertEqual(2, q.maxsize)
+        have_been_put = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def putter():
+            for i in range(3):
+                yield from q.put(i)
+                have_been_put.append(i)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def test():
+            t = asyncio.Task(putter(), loop=loop)
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.01, loop=loop)
+
+            # The putter is blocked after putting two items.
+            self.assertEqual([0, 1], have_been_put)
+            self.assertEqual(0, q.get_nowait())
+
+            # Let the putter resume and put last item.
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.01, loop=loop)
+            self.assertEqual([0, 1, 2], have_been_put)
+            self.assertEqual(1, q.get_nowait())
+            self.assertEqual(2, q.get_nowait())
+
+            self.assertTrue(t.done())
+            self.assertTrue(t.result())
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(test())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.02, loop.time())
+
+
+class QueueGetTests(_QueueTestBase):
+
+    def test_blocking_get(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_get():
+            return (yield from q.get())
+
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(queue_get())
+        self.assertEqual(1, res)
+
+    def test_get_with_putters(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(1, loop=self.loop)
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+
+        waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        q._putters.append((2, waiter))
+
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(q.get())
+        self.assertEqual(1, res)
+        self.assertTrue(waiter.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(waiter.result())
+
+    def test_blocking_get_wait(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, when)
+            yield 0.01
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=loop)
+        started = asyncio.Event(loop=loop)
+        finished = False
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_get():
+            nonlocal finished
+            started.set()
+            res = yield from q.get()
+            finished = True
+            return res
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_put():
+            loop.call_later(0.01, q.put_nowait, 1)
+            queue_get_task = asyncio.Task(queue_get(), loop=loop)
+            yield from started.wait()
+            self.assertFalse(finished)
+            res = yield from queue_get_task
+            self.assertTrue(finished)
+            return res
+
+        res = loop.run_until_complete(queue_put())
+        self.assertEqual(1, res)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, loop.time())
+
+    def test_nonblocking_get(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+        self.assertEqual(1, q.get_nowait())
+
+    def test_nonblocking_get_exception(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.QueueEmpty, q.get_nowait)
+
+    def test_get_cancelled(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, when)
+            when = yield 0.01
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.061, when)
+            yield 0.05
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_get():
+            return (yield from asyncio.wait_for(q.get(), 0.051, loop=loop))
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def test():
+            get_task = asyncio.Task(queue_get(), loop=loop)
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.01, loop=loop)  # let the task start
+            q.put_nowait(1)
+            return (yield from get_task)
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, loop.run_until_complete(test()))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.06, loop.time())
+
+    def test_get_cancelled_race(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(q.get(), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(q.get(), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        t1.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(t1.done())
+        q.put_nowait('a')
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(t2.result(), 'a')
+
+    def test_get_with_waiting_putters(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop, maxsize=1)
+        asyncio.Task(q.put('a'), loop=self.loop)
+        asyncio.Task(q.put('b'), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loop.run_until_complete(q.get()), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(self.loop.run_until_complete(q.get()), 'b')
+
+
+class QueuePutTests(_QueueTestBase):
+
+    def test_blocking_put(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_put():
+            # No maxsize, won't block.
+            yield from q.put(1)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(queue_put())
+
+    def test_blocking_put_wait(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, when)
+            yield 0.01
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        q = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=1, loop=loop)
+        started = asyncio.Event(loop=loop)
+        finished = False
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_put():
+            nonlocal finished
+            started.set()
+            yield from q.put(1)
+            yield from q.put(2)
+            finished = True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_get():
+            loop.call_later(0.01, q.get_nowait)
+            queue_put_task = asyncio.Task(queue_put(), loop=loop)
+            yield from started.wait()
+            self.assertFalse(finished)
+            yield from queue_put_task
+            self.assertTrue(finished)
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(queue_get())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, loop.time())
+
+    def test_nonblocking_put(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+        self.assertEqual(1, q.get_nowait())
+
+    def test_nonblocking_put_exception(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=1, loop=self.loop)
+        q.put_nowait(1)
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.QueueFull, q.put_nowait, 2)
+
+    def test_put_cancelled(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def queue_put():
+            yield from q.put(1)
+            return True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def test():
+            return (yield from q.get())
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(queue_put(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.loop.run_until_complete(test()))
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t.result())
+
+    def test_put_cancelled_race(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop, maxsize=1)
+
+        asyncio.Task(q.put('a'), loop=self.loop)
+        asyncio.Task(q.put('c'), loop=self.loop)
+        t = asyncio.Task(q.put('b'), loop=self.loop)
+
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        t.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertEqual(q.get_nowait(), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(q.get_nowait(), 'c')
+
+    def test_put_with_waiting_getters(self):
+        q = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
+        t = asyncio.Task(q.get(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(q.put('a'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.loop.run_until_complete(t), 'a')
+
+
+class LifoQueueTests(_QueueTestBase):
+
+    def test_order(self):
+        q = asyncio.LifoQueue(loop=self.loop)
+        for i in [1, 3, 2]:
+            q.put_nowait(i)
+
+        items = [q.get_nowait() for _ in range(3)]
+        self.assertEqual([2, 3, 1], items)
+
+
+class PriorityQueueTests(_QueueTestBase):
+
+    def test_order(self):
+        q = asyncio.PriorityQueue(loop=self.loop)
+        for i in [1, 3, 2]:
+            q.put_nowait(i)
+
+        items = [q.get_nowait() for _ in range(3)]
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], items)
+
+
+class JoinableQueueTests(_QueueTestBase):
+
+    def test_task_done_underflow(self):
+        q = asyncio.JoinableQueue(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, q.task_done)
+
+    def test_task_done(self):
+        q = asyncio.JoinableQueue(loop=self.loop)
+        for i in range(100):
+            q.put_nowait(i)
+
+        accumulator = 0
+
+        # Two workers get items from the queue and call task_done after each.
+        # Join the queue and assert all items have been processed.
+        running = True
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def worker():
+            nonlocal accumulator
+
+            while running:
+                item = yield from q.get()
+                accumulator += item
+                q.task_done()
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def test():
+            for _ in range(2):
+                asyncio.Task(worker(), loop=self.loop)
+
+            yield from q.join()
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(test())
+        self.assertEqual(sum(range(100)), accumulator)
+
+        # close running generators
+        running = False
+        for i in range(2):
+            q.put_nowait(0)
+
+    def test_join_empty_queue(self):
+        q = asyncio.JoinableQueue(loop=self.loop)
+
+        # Test that a queue join()s successfully, and before anything else
+        # (done twice for insurance).
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def join():
+            yield from q.join()
+            yield from q.join()
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(join())
+
+    def test_format(self):
+        q = asyncio.JoinableQueue(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(q._format(), 'maxsize=0')
+
+        q._unfinished_tasks = 2
+        self.assertEqual(q._format(), 'maxsize=0 tasks=2')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..964b2e8ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1690 @@
+"""Tests for selector_events.py"""
+
+import errno
+import gc
+import pprint
+import socket
+import sys
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import selectors
+from asyncio import test_utils
+from asyncio.selector_events import BaseSelectorEventLoop
+from asyncio.selector_events import _SelectorTransport
+from asyncio.selector_events import _SelectorSslTransport
+from asyncio.selector_events import _SelectorSocketTransport
+from asyncio.selector_events import _SelectorDatagramTransport
+
+
+MOCK_ANY = mock.ANY
+
+
+class TestBaseSelectorEventLoop(BaseSelectorEventLoop):
+
+    def _make_self_pipe(self):
+        self._ssock = mock.Mock()
+        self._csock = mock.Mock()
+        self._internal_fds += 1
+
+
+def list_to_buffer(l=()):
+    return bytearray().join(l)
+
+
+class BaseSelectorEventLoopTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        selector = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop = TestBaseSelectorEventLoop(selector)
+
+    def test_make_socket_transport(self):
+        m = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.add_reader = mock.Mock()
+        transport = self.loop._make_socket_transport(m, asyncio.Protocol())
+        self.assertIsInstance(transport, _SelectorSocketTransport)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    def test_make_ssl_transport(self):
+        m = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.add_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+        waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        transport = self.loop._make_ssl_transport(
+            m, asyncio.Protocol(), m, waiter)
+        self.assertIsInstance(transport, _SelectorSslTransport)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.selector_events.ssl', None)
+    def test_make_ssl_transport_without_ssl_error(self):
+        m = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.add_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            self.loop._make_ssl_transport(m, m, m, m)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        ssock = self.loop._ssock
+        ssock.fileno.return_value = 7
+        csock = self.loop._csock
+        csock.fileno.return_value = 1
+        remove_reader = self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop._selector.close()
+        self.loop._selector = selector = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.close()
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._selector)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._csock)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._ssock)
+        selector.close.assert_called_with()
+        ssock.close.assert_called_with()
+        csock.close.assert_called_with()
+        remove_reader.assert_called_with(7)
+
+        self.loop.close()
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_close_no_selector(self):
+        ssock = self.loop._ssock
+        csock = self.loop._csock
+        remove_reader = self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop._selector.close()
+        self.loop._selector = None
+        self.loop.close()
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._selector)
+        self.assertFalse(ssock.close.called)
+        self.assertFalse(csock.close.called)
+        self.assertFalse(remove_reader.called)
+
+    def test_socketpair(self):
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, self.loop._socketpair)
+
+    def test_read_from_self_tryagain(self):
+        self.loop._ssock.recv.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._read_from_self())
+
+    def test_read_from_self_exception(self):
+        self.loop._ssock.recv.side_effect = OSError
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.loop._read_from_self)
+
+    def test_write_to_self_tryagain(self):
+        self.loop._csock.send.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        self.assertIsNone(self.loop._write_to_self())
+
+    def test_write_to_self_exception(self):
+        self.loop._csock.send.side_effect = OSError()
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.loop._write_to_self)
+
+    def test_sock_recv(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_recv = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = self.loop.sock_recv(sock, 1024)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f, asyncio.Future)
+        self.loop._sock_recv.assert_called_with(f, False, sock, 1024)
+
+    def test__sock_recv_canceled_fut(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop._sock_recv(f, False, sock, 1024)
+        self.assertFalse(sock.recv.called)
+
+    def test__sock_recv_unregister(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_recv(f, True, sock, 1024)
+        self.assertEqual((10,), self.loop.remove_reader.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_recv_tryagain(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.recv.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        self.loop.add_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_recv(f, False, sock, 1024)
+        self.assertEqual((10, self.loop._sock_recv, f, True, sock, 1024),
+                         self.loop.add_reader.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_recv_exception(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        err = sock.recv.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        self.loop._sock_recv(f, False, sock, 1024)
+        self.assertIs(err, f.exception())
+
+    def test_sock_sendall(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_sendall = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = self.loop.sock_sendall(sock, b'data')
+        self.assertIsInstance(f, asyncio.Future)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (f, False, sock, b'data'),
+            self.loop._sock_sendall.call_args[0])
+
+    def test_sock_sendall_nodata(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_sendall = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = self.loop.sock_sendall(sock, b'')
+        self.assertIsInstance(f, asyncio.Future)
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(f.result())
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._sock_sendall.called)
+
+    def test__sock_sendall_canceled_fut(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, False, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(sock.send.called)
+
+    def test__sock_sendall_unregister(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, True, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertEqual((10,), self.loop.remove_writer.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_sendall_tryagain(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.send.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, False, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (10, self.loop._sock_sendall, f, True, sock, b'data'),
+            self.loop.add_writer.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_sendall_interrupted(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.send.side_effect = InterruptedError
+
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, False, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (10, self.loop._sock_sendall, f, True, sock, b'data'),
+            self.loop.add_writer.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_sendall_exception(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        err = sock.send.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, False, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertIs(f.exception(), err)
+
+    def test__sock_sendall(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.send.return_value = 4
+
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, False, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(f.result())
+
+    def test__sock_sendall_partial(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.send.return_value = 2
+
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, False, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(f.done())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (10, self.loop._sock_sendall, f, True, sock, b'ta'),
+            self.loop.add_writer.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_sendall_none(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.send.return_value = 0
+
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_sendall(f, False, sock, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(f.done())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (10, self.loop._sock_sendall, f, True, sock, b'data'),
+            self.loop.add_writer.call_args[0])
+
+    def test_sock_connect(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_connect = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = self.loop.sock_connect(sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080))
+        self.assertIsInstance(f, asyncio.Future)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (f, False, sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080)),
+            self.loop._sock_connect.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_connect(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+
+        self.loop._sock_connect(f, False, sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080))
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(f.result())
+        self.assertTrue(sock.connect.called)
+
+    def test__sock_connect_canceled_fut(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop._sock_connect(f, False, sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080))
+        self.assertFalse(sock.connect.called)
+
+    def test__sock_connect_unregister(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_connect(f, True, sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080))
+        self.assertEqual((10,), self.loop.remove_writer.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_connect_tryagain(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.getsockopt.return_value = errno.EAGAIN
+
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop._sock_connect(f, True, sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (10, self.loop._sock_connect, f,
+             True, sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080)),
+            self.loop.add_writer.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_connect_exception(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.getsockopt.return_value = errno.ENOTCONN
+
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_connect(f, True, sock, ('127.0.0.1', 8080))
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.exception(), OSError)
+
+    def test_sock_accept(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_accept = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = self.loop.sock_accept(sock)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f, asyncio.Future)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (f, False, sock), self.loop._sock_accept.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_accept(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        conn = mock.Mock()
+
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.accept.return_value = conn, ('127.0.0.1', 1000)
+
+        self.loop._sock_accept(f, False, sock)
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertEqual((conn, ('127.0.0.1', 1000)), f.result())
+        self.assertEqual((False,), conn.setblocking.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_accept_canceled_fut(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop._sock_accept(f, False, sock)
+        self.assertFalse(sock.accept.called)
+
+    def test__sock_accept_unregister(self):
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+
+        self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_accept(f, True, sock)
+        self.assertEqual((10,), self.loop.remove_reader.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_accept_tryagain(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        sock.accept.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        self.loop.add_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._sock_accept(f, False, sock)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (10, self.loop._sock_accept, f, True, sock),
+            self.loop.add_reader.call_args[0])
+
+    def test__sock_accept_exception(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        sock = mock.Mock()
+        sock.fileno.return_value = 10
+        err = sock.accept.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        self.loop._sock_accept(f, False, sock)
+        self.assertIs(err, f.exception())
+
+    def test_add_reader(self):
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.side_effect = KeyError
+        cb = lambda: True
+        self.loop.add_reader(1, cb)
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._selector.register.called)
+        fd, mask, (r, w) = self.loop._selector.register.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(1, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(selectors.EVENT_READ, mask)
+        self.assertEqual(cb, r._callback)
+        self.assertIsNone(w)
+
+    def test_add_reader_existing(self):
+        reader = mock.Mock()
+        writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.return_value = selectors.SelectorKey(
+            1, 1, selectors.EVENT_WRITE, (reader, writer))
+        cb = lambda: True
+        self.loop.add_reader(1, cb)
+
+        self.assertTrue(reader.cancel.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._selector.register.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._selector.modify.called)
+        fd, mask, (r, w) = self.loop._selector.modify.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(1, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(selectors.EVENT_WRITE | selectors.EVENT_READ, mask)
+        self.assertEqual(cb, r._callback)
+        self.assertEqual(writer, w)
+
+    def test_add_reader_existing_writer(self):
+        writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.return_value = selectors.SelectorKey(
+            1, 1, selectors.EVENT_WRITE, (None, writer))
+        cb = lambda: True
+        self.loop.add_reader(1, cb)
+
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._selector.register.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._selector.modify.called)
+        fd, mask, (r, w) = self.loop._selector.modify.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(1, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(selectors.EVENT_WRITE | selectors.EVENT_READ, mask)
+        self.assertEqual(cb, r._callback)
+        self.assertEqual(writer, w)
+
+    def test_remove_reader(self):
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.return_value = selectors.SelectorKey(
+            1, 1, selectors.EVENT_READ, (None, None))
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.remove_reader(1))
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._selector.unregister.called)
+
+    def test_remove_reader_read_write(self):
+        reader = mock.Mock()
+        writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.return_value = selectors.SelectorKey(
+            1, 1, selectors.EVENT_READ | selectors.EVENT_WRITE,
+            (reader, writer))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.loop.remove_reader(1))
+
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._selector.unregister.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (1, selectors.EVENT_WRITE, (None, writer)),
+            self.loop._selector.modify.call_args[0])
+
+    def test_remove_reader_unknown(self):
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.side_effect = KeyError
+        self.assertFalse(
+            self.loop.remove_reader(1))
+
+    def test_add_writer(self):
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.side_effect = KeyError
+        cb = lambda: True
+        self.loop.add_writer(1, cb)
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._selector.register.called)
+        fd, mask, (r, w) = self.loop._selector.register.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(1, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(selectors.EVENT_WRITE, mask)
+        self.assertIsNone(r)
+        self.assertEqual(cb, w._callback)
+
+    def test_add_writer_existing(self):
+        reader = mock.Mock()
+        writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.return_value = selectors.SelectorKey(
+            1, 1, selectors.EVENT_READ, (reader, writer))
+        cb = lambda: True
+        self.loop.add_writer(1, cb)
+
+        self.assertTrue(writer.cancel.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._selector.register.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._selector.modify.called)
+        fd, mask, (r, w) = self.loop._selector.modify.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(1, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(selectors.EVENT_WRITE | selectors.EVENT_READ, mask)
+        self.assertEqual(reader, r)
+        self.assertEqual(cb, w._callback)
+
+    def test_remove_writer(self):
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.return_value = selectors.SelectorKey(
+            1, 1, selectors.EVENT_WRITE, (None, None))
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.remove_writer(1))
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._selector.unregister.called)
+
+    def test_remove_writer_read_write(self):
+        reader = mock.Mock()
+        writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.return_value = selectors.SelectorKey(
+            1, 1, selectors.EVENT_READ | selectors.EVENT_WRITE,
+            (reader, writer))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.loop.remove_writer(1))
+
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop._selector.unregister.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (1, selectors.EVENT_READ, (reader, None)),
+            self.loop._selector.modify.call_args[0])
+
+    def test_remove_writer_unknown(self):
+        self.loop._selector.get_key.side_effect = KeyError
+        self.assertFalse(
+            self.loop.remove_writer(1))
+
+    def test_process_events_read(self):
+        reader = mock.Mock()
+        reader._cancelled = False
+
+        self.loop._add_callback = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._process_events(
+            [(selectors.SelectorKey(
+                1, 1, selectors.EVENT_READ, (reader, None)),
+              selectors.EVENT_READ)])
+        self.assertTrue(self.loop._add_callback.called)
+        self.loop._add_callback.assert_called_with(reader)
+
+    def test_process_events_read_cancelled(self):
+        reader = mock.Mock()
+        reader.cancelled = True
+
+        self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._process_events(
+            [(selectors.SelectorKey(
+                1, 1, selectors.EVENT_READ, (reader, None)),
+             selectors.EVENT_READ)])
+        self.loop.remove_reader.assert_called_with(1)
+
+    def test_process_events_write(self):
+        writer = mock.Mock()
+        writer._cancelled = False
+
+        self.loop._add_callback = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._process_events(
+            [(selectors.SelectorKey(1, 1, selectors.EVENT_WRITE,
+                                    (None, writer)),
+              selectors.EVENT_WRITE)])
+        self.loop._add_callback.assert_called_with(writer)
+
+    def test_process_events_write_cancelled(self):
+        writer = mock.Mock()
+        writer.cancelled = True
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.loop._process_events(
+            [(selectors.SelectorKey(1, 1, selectors.EVENT_WRITE,
+                                    (None, writer)),
+              selectors.EVENT_WRITE)])
+        self.loop.remove_writer.assert_called_with(1)
+
+
+class SelectorTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.protocol = test_utils.make_test_protocol(asyncio.Protocol)
+        self.sock = mock.Mock(socket.socket)
+        self.sock.fileno.return_value = 7
+
+    def test_ctor(self):
+        tr = _SelectorTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, None)
+        self.assertIs(tr._loop, self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(tr._sock, self.sock)
+        self.assertIs(tr._sock_fd, 7)
+
+    def test_abort(self):
+        tr = _SelectorTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, None)
+        tr._force_close = mock.Mock()
+
+        tr.abort()
+        tr._force_close.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        tr = _SelectorTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, None)
+        tr.close()
+
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.loop.remove_reader_count[7])
+        self.protocol.connection_lost(None)
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 1)
+
+        tr.close()
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.loop.remove_reader_count[7])
+
+    def test_close_write_buffer(self):
+        tr = _SelectorTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, None)
+        tr._buffer.extend(b'data')
+        tr.close()
+
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
+
+    def test_force_close(self):
+        tr = _SelectorTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, None)
+        tr._buffer.extend(b'1')
+        self.loop.add_reader(7, mock.sentinel)
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, mock.sentinel)
+        tr._force_close(None)
+
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertEqual(tr._buffer, list_to_buffer())
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+
+        # second close should not remove reader
+        tr._force_close(None)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.loop.remove_reader_count[7])
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.log.logger.error')
+    def test_fatal_error(self, m_exc):
+        exc = OSError()
+        tr = _SelectorTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, None)
+        tr._force_close = mock.Mock()
+        tr._fatal_error(exc)
+
+        m_exc.assert_called_with(
+            test_utils.MockPattern(
+                'Fatal error on transport\nprotocol:.*\ntransport:.*'),
+            exc_info=(OSError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+
+        tr._force_close.assert_called_with(exc)
+
+    def test_connection_lost(self):
+        exc = OSError()
+        tr = _SelectorTransport(self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, None)
+        tr._call_connection_lost(exc)
+
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(exc)
+        self.sock.close.assert_called_with()
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._sock)
+
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._protocol)
+        self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(self.protocol),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.protocol)))
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._loop)
+        self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(self.loop),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.loop)))
+
+
+class SelectorSocketTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.protocol = test_utils.make_test_protocol(asyncio.Protocol)
+        self.sock = mock.Mock(socket.socket)
+        self.sock_fd = self.sock.fileno.return_value = 7
+
+    def test_ctor(self):
+        tr = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(7, tr._read_ready)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_made.assert_called_with(tr)
+
+    def test_ctor_with_waiter(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, fut)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIsNone(fut.result())
+
+    def test_pause_resume_reading(self):
+        tr = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.assertFalse(tr._paused)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(7, tr._read_ready)
+        tr.pause_reading()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._paused)
+        self.assertFalse(7 in self.loop.readers)
+        tr.resume_reading()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._paused)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(7, tr._read_ready)
+
+    def test_read_ready(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+
+        self.sock.recv.return_value = b'data'
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data')
+
+    def test_read_ready_eof(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.close = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.sock.recv.return_value = b''
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.protocol.eof_received.assert_called_with()
+        transport.close.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_read_ready_eof_keep_open(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.close = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.sock.recv.return_value = b''
+        self.protocol.eof_received.return_value = True
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.protocol.eof_received.assert_called_with()
+        self.assertFalse(transport.close.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('logging.exception')
+    def test_read_ready_tryagain(self, m_exc):
+        self.sock.recv.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('logging.exception')
+    def test_read_ready_tryagain_interrupted(self, m_exc):
+        self.sock.recv.side_effect = InterruptedError
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('logging.exception')
+    def test_read_ready_conn_reset(self, m_exc):
+        err = self.sock.recv.side_effect = ConnectionResetError()
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._force_close = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+        transport._force_close.assert_called_with(err)
+
+    @mock.patch('logging.exception')
+    def test_read_ready_err(self, m_exc):
+        err = self.sock.recv.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal read error on socket transport')
+
+    def test_write(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = len(data)
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+        self.sock.send.assert_called_with(data)
+
+    def test_write_bytearray(self):
+        data = bytearray(b'data')
+        self.sock.send.return_value = len(data)
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+        self.sock.send.assert_called_with(data)
+        self.assertEqual(data, bytearray(b'data'))  # Hasn't been mutated.
+
+    def test_write_memoryview(self):
+        data = memoryview(b'data')
+        self.sock.send.return_value = len(data)
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+        self.sock.send.assert_called_with(data)
+
+    def test_write_no_data(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.extend(b'data')
+        transport.write(b'')
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.send.called)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_buffer(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.extend(b'data1')
+        transport.write(b'data2')
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.send.called)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data1', b'data2']),
+                         transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_partial(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = 2
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'ta']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_partial_bytearray(self):
+        data = bytearray(b'data')
+        self.sock.send.return_value = 2
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'ta']), transport._buffer)
+        self.assertEqual(data, bytearray(b'data'))  # Hasn't been mutated.
+
+    def test_write_partial_memoryview(self):
+        data = memoryview(b'data')
+        self.sock.send.return_value = 2
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'ta']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_partial_none(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = 0
+        self.sock.fileno.return_value = 7
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_tryagain(self):
+        self.sock.send.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        data = b'data'
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.write(data)
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.selector_events.logger')
+    def test_write_exception(self, m_log):
+        err = self.sock.send.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        data = b'data'
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport.write(data)
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal write error on socket transport')
+        transport._conn_lost = 1
+
+        self.sock.reset_mock()
+        transport.write(data)
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.send.called)
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 2)
+        transport.write(data)
+        transport.write(data)
+        transport.write(data)
+        transport.write(data)
+        m_log.warning.assert_called_with('socket.send() raised exception.')
+
+    def test_write_str(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, transport.write, 'str')
+
+    def test_write_closing(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.close()
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 1)
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 2)
+
+    def test_write_ready(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = len(data)
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.extend(data)
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.send.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+
+    def test_write_ready_closing(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = len(data)
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._closing = True
+        transport._buffer.extend(data)
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.send.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.sock.close.assert_called_with()
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_write_ready_no_data(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        # This is an internal error.
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, transport._write_ready)
+
+    def test_write_ready_partial(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = 2
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.extend(data)
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'ta']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_ready_partial_none(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = 0
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.extend(data)
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_ready_tryagain(self):
+        self.sock.send.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data1', b'data2'])
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        transport._write_ready()
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data1data2']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_ready_exception(self):
+        err = self.sock.send.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._buffer.extend(b'data')
+        transport._write_ready()
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal write error on socket transport')
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_write_ready_exception_and_close(self, m_log):
+        self.sock.send.side_effect = OSError()
+        remove_writer = self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+
+        transport = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.close()
+        transport._buffer.extend(b'data')
+        transport._write_ready()
+        remove_writer.assert_called_with(self.sock_fd)
+
+    def test_write_eof(self):
+        tr = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.assertTrue(tr.can_write_eof())
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.sock.shutdown.assert_called_with(socket.SHUT_WR)
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertEqual(self.sock.shutdown.call_count, 1)
+        tr.close()
+
+    def test_write_eof_buffer(self):
+        tr = _SelectorSocketTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.sock.send.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertEqual(tr._buffer, list_to_buffer([b'data']))
+        self.assertTrue(tr._eof)
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.shutdown.called)
+        self.sock.send.side_effect = lambda _: 4
+        tr._write_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.send.called)
+        self.sock.shutdown.assert_called_with(socket.SHUT_WR)
+        tr.close()
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+class SelectorSslTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.protocol = test_utils.make_test_protocol(asyncio.Protocol)
+        self.sock = mock.Mock(socket.socket)
+        self.sock.fileno.return_value = 7
+        self.sslsock = mock.Mock()
+        self.sslsock.fileno.return_value = 1
+        self.sslcontext = mock.Mock()
+        self.sslcontext.wrap_socket.return_value = self.sslsock
+
+    def _make_one(self, create_waiter=None):
+        transport = _SelectorSslTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, self.sslcontext)
+        self.sock.reset_mock()
+        self.sslsock.reset_mock()
+        self.sslcontext.reset_mock()
+        self.loop.reset_counters()
+        return transport
+
+    def test_on_handshake(self):
+        waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        tr = _SelectorSslTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, self.sslcontext,
+            waiter=waiter)
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.do_handshake.called)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(1, tr._read_ready)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIsNone(waiter.result())
+
+    def test_on_handshake_reader_retry(self):
+        self.sslsock.do_handshake.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantReadError
+        transport = _SelectorSslTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, self.sslcontext)
+        transport._on_handshake()
+        self.loop.assert_reader(1, transport._on_handshake)
+
+    def test_on_handshake_writer_retry(self):
+        self.sslsock.do_handshake.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantWriteError
+        transport = _SelectorSslTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, self.sslcontext)
+        transport._on_handshake()
+        self.loop.assert_writer(1, transport._on_handshake)
+
+    def test_on_handshake_exc(self):
+        exc = ValueError()
+        self.sslsock.do_handshake.side_effect = exc
+        transport = _SelectorSslTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, self.sslcontext)
+        transport._waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        transport._on_handshake()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.close.called)
+        self.assertTrue(transport._waiter.done())
+        self.assertIs(exc, transport._waiter.exception())
+
+    def test_on_handshake_base_exc(self):
+        transport = _SelectorSslTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, self.sslcontext)
+        transport._waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        exc = BaseException()
+        self.sslsock.do_handshake.side_effect = exc
+        self.assertRaises(BaseException, transport._on_handshake)
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.close.called)
+        self.assertTrue(transport._waiter.done())
+        self.assertIs(exc, transport._waiter.exception())
+
+    def test_pause_resume_reading(self):
+        tr = self._make_one()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._paused)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(1, tr._read_ready)
+        tr.pause_reading()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._paused)
+        self.assertFalse(1 in self.loop.readers)
+        tr.resume_reading()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._paused)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(1, tr._read_ready)
+
+    def test_write(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_bytearray(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        data = bytearray(b'data')
+        transport.write(data)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+        self.assertEqual(data, bytearray(b'data'))  # Hasn't been mutated.
+        self.assertIsNot(data, transport._buffer)  # Hasn't been incorporated.
+
+    def test_write_memoryview(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        data = memoryview(b'data')
+        transport.write(data)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_no_data(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer.extend(b'data')
+        transport.write(b'')
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_str(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, transport.write, 'str')
+
+    def test_write_closing(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport.close()
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 1)
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 2)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.selector_events.logger')
+    def test_write_exception(self, m_log):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._conn_lost = 1
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(transport._buffer, list_to_buffer())
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        transport.write(b'data')
+        m_log.warning.assert_called_with('socket.send() raised exception.')
+
+    def test_read_ready_recv(self):
+        self.sslsock.recv.return_value = b'data'
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._read_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.recv.called)
+        self.assertEqual((b'data',), self.protocol.data_received.call_args[0])
+
+    def test_read_ready_write_wants_read(self):
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.sslsock.recv.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._write_wants_read = True
+        transport._write_ready = mock.Mock()
+        transport._buffer.extend(b'data')
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._write_wants_read)
+        transport._write_ready.assert_called_with()
+        self.loop.add_writer.assert_called_with(
+            transport._sock_fd, transport._write_ready)
+
+    def test_read_ready_recv_eof(self):
+        self.sslsock.recv.return_value = b''
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport.close = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+        transport.close.assert_called_with()
+        self.protocol.eof_received.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_read_ready_recv_conn_reset(self):
+        err = self.sslsock.recv.side_effect = ConnectionResetError()
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._force_close = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+        transport._force_close.assert_called_with(err)
+
+    def test_read_ready_recv_retry(self):
+        self.sslsock.recv.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantReadError
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._read_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.recv.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.data_received.called)
+
+        self.sslsock.recv.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        transport._read_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.data_received.called)
+
+        self.sslsock.recv.side_effect = InterruptedError
+        transport._read_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.data_received.called)
+
+    def test_read_ready_recv_write(self):
+        self.loop.remove_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.add_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.sslsock.recv.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantWriteError
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._read_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.data_received.called)
+        self.assertTrue(transport._read_wants_write)
+
+        self.loop.remove_reader.assert_called_with(transport._sock_fd)
+        self.loop.add_writer.assert_called_with(
+            transport._sock_fd, transport._write_ready)
+
+    def test_read_ready_recv_exc(self):
+        err = self.sslsock.recv.side_effect = OSError()
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal read error on SSL transport')
+
+    def test_write_ready_send(self):
+        self.sslsock.send.return_value = 4
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data'])
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer(), transport._buffer)
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.send.called)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_none(self):
+        self.sslsock.send.return_value = 0
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data1', b'data2'])
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.send.called)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data1data2']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_partial(self):
+        self.sslsock.send.return_value = 2
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data1', b'data2'])
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.send.called)
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'ta1data2']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_closing_partial(self):
+        self.sslsock.send.return_value = 2
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data1', b'data2'])
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sslsock.send.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.sslsock.close.called)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_closing(self):
+        self.sslsock.send.return_value = 4
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport.close()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data'])
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_closing_empty_buffer(self):
+        self.sslsock.send.return_value = 4
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport.close()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer()
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_retry(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data'])
+
+        self.sslsock.send.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantWriteError
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+        self.sslsock.send.side_effect = BlockingIOError()
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer([b'data']), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_read(self):
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data'])
+
+        self.loop.remove_writer = mock.Mock()
+        self.sslsock.send.side_effect = ssl.SSLWantReadError
+        transport._write_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.data_received.called)
+        self.assertTrue(transport._write_wants_read)
+        self.loop.remove_writer.assert_called_with(transport._sock_fd)
+
+    def test_write_ready_send_exc(self):
+        err = self.sslsock.send.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._buffer = list_to_buffer([b'data'])
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._write_ready()
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal write error on SSL transport')
+        self.assertEqual(list_to_buffer(), transport._buffer)
+
+    def test_write_ready_read_wants_write(self):
+        self.loop.add_reader = mock.Mock()
+        self.sslsock.send.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        transport = self._make_one()
+        transport._read_wants_write = True
+        transport._read_ready = mock.Mock()
+        transport._write_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._read_wants_write)
+        transport._read_ready.assert_called_with()
+        self.loop.add_reader.assert_called_with(
+            transport._sock_fd, transport._read_ready)
+
+    def test_write_eof(self):
+        tr = self._make_one()
+        self.assertFalse(tr.can_write_eof())
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, tr.write_eof)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        tr = self._make_one()
+        tr.close()
+
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.loop.remove_reader_count[1])
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 1)
+
+        tr.close()
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.loop.remove_reader_count[1])
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None or not ssl.HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support')
+    def test_server_hostname(self):
+        _SelectorSslTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, self.sslcontext,
+            server_hostname='localhost')
+        self.sslcontext.wrap_socket.assert_called_with(
+            self.sock, do_handshake_on_connect=False, server_side=False,
+            server_hostname='localhost')
+
+
+class SelectorSslWithoutSslTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.selector_events.ssl', None)
+    def test_ssl_transport_requires_ssl_module(self):
+        Mock = mock.Mock
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            _SelectorSslTransport(Mock(), Mock(), Mock(), Mock())
+
+
+class SelectorDatagramTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.protocol = test_utils.make_test_protocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol)
+        self.sock = mock.Mock(spec_set=socket.socket)
+        self.sock.fileno.return_value = 7
+
+    def test_read_ready(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+
+        self.sock.recvfrom.return_value = (b'data', ('0.0.0.0', 1234))
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.protocol.datagram_received.assert_called_with(
+            b'data', ('0.0.0.0', 1234))
+
+    def test_read_ready_tryagain(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+
+        self.sock.recvfrom.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+
+    def test_read_ready_err(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+
+        err = self.sock.recvfrom.side_effect = RuntimeError()
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal read error on datagram transport')
+
+    def test_read_ready_oserr(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+
+        err = self.sock.recvfrom.side_effect = OSError()
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._read_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+        self.protocol.error_received.assert_called_with(err)
+
+    def test_sendto(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.sendto(data, ('0.0.0.0', 1234))
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.sock.sendto.call_args[0], (data, ('0.0.0.0', 1234)))
+
+    def test_sendto_bytearray(self):
+        data = bytearray(b'data')
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.sendto(data, ('0.0.0.0', 1234))
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.sock.sendto.call_args[0], (data, ('0.0.0.0', 1234)))
+
+    def test_sendto_memoryview(self):
+        data = memoryview(b'data')
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.sendto(data, ('0.0.0.0', 1234))
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.sock.sendto.call_args[0], (data, ('0.0.0.0', 1234)))
+
+    def test_sendto_no_data(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.append((b'data', ('0.0.0.0', 12345)))
+        transport.sendto(b'', ())
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(b'data', ('0.0.0.0', 12345))], list(transport._buffer))
+
+    def test_sendto_buffer(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.append((b'data1', ('0.0.0.0', 12345)))
+        transport.sendto(b'data2', ('0.0.0.0', 12345))
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(b'data1', ('0.0.0.0', 12345)),
+             (b'data2', ('0.0.0.0', 12345))],
+            list(transport._buffer))
+
+    def test_sendto_buffer_bytearray(self):
+        data2 = bytearray(b'data2')
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.append((b'data1', ('0.0.0.0', 12345)))
+        transport.sendto(data2, ('0.0.0.0', 12345))
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(b'data1', ('0.0.0.0', 12345)),
+             (b'data2', ('0.0.0.0', 12345))],
+            list(transport._buffer))
+        self.assertIsInstance(transport._buffer[1][0], bytes)
+
+    def test_sendto_buffer_memoryview(self):
+        data2 = memoryview(b'data2')
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.append((b'data1', ('0.0.0.0', 12345)))
+        transport.sendto(data2, ('0.0.0.0', 12345))
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(b'data1', ('0.0.0.0', 12345)),
+             (b'data2', ('0.0.0.0', 12345))],
+            list(transport._buffer))
+        self.assertIsInstance(transport._buffer[1][0], bytes)
+
+    def test_sendto_tryagain(self):
+        data = b'data'
+
+        self.sock.sendto.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport.sendto(data, ('0.0.0.0', 12345))
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._sendto_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(b'data', ('0.0.0.0', 12345))], list(transport._buffer))
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.selector_events.logger')
+    def test_sendto_exception(self, m_log):
+        data = b'data'
+        err = self.sock.sendto.side_effect = RuntimeError()
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport.sendto(data, ())
+
+        self.assertTrue(transport._fatal_error.called)
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal write error on datagram transport')
+        transport._conn_lost = 1
+
+        transport._address = ('123',)
+        transport.sendto(data)
+        transport.sendto(data)
+        transport.sendto(data)
+        transport.sendto(data)
+        transport.sendto(data)
+        m_log.warning.assert_called_with('socket.send() raised exception.')
+
+    def test_sendto_error_received(self):
+        data = b'data'
+
+        self.sock.sendto.side_effect = ConnectionRefusedError
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport.sendto(data, ())
+
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 0)
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+
+    def test_sendto_error_received_connected(self):
+        data = b'data'
+
+        self.sock.send.side_effect = ConnectionRefusedError
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, ('0.0.0.0', 1))
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport.sendto(data)
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.protocol.error_received.called)
+
+    def test_sendto_str(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, transport.sendto, 'str', ())
+
+    def test_sendto_connected_addr(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, ('0.0.0.0', 1))
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, transport.sendto, b'str', ('0.0.0.0', 2))
+
+    def test_sendto_closing(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, address=(1,))
+        transport.close()
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 1)
+        transport.sendto(b'data', (1,))
+        self.assertEqual(transport._conn_lost, 2)
+
+    def test_sendto_ready(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.sendto.return_value = len(data)
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.append((data, ('0.0.0.0', 12345)))
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._sendto_ready)
+        transport._sendto_ready()
+        self.assertTrue(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.sock.sendto.call_args[0], (data, ('0.0.0.0', 12345)))
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+
+    def test_sendto_ready_closing(self):
+        data = b'data'
+        self.sock.send.return_value = len(data)
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._closing = True
+        transport._buffer.append((data, ()))
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._sendto_ready)
+        transport._sendto_ready()
+        self.sock.sendto.assert_called_with(data, ())
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.sock.close.assert_called_with()
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_sendto_ready_no_data(self):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._sendto_ready)
+        transport._sendto_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.sock.sendto.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+
+    def test_sendto_ready_tryagain(self):
+        self.sock.sendto.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._buffer.extend([(b'data1', ()), (b'data2', ())])
+        self.loop.add_writer(7, transport._sendto_ready)
+        transport._sendto_ready()
+
+        self.loop.assert_writer(7, transport._sendto_ready)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(b'data1', ()), (b'data2', ())],
+            list(transport._buffer))
+
+    def test_sendto_ready_exception(self):
+        err = self.sock.sendto.side_effect = RuntimeError()
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._buffer.append((b'data', ()))
+        transport._sendto_ready()
+
+        transport._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                                   err,
+                                   'Fatal write error on datagram transport')
+
+    def test_sendto_ready_error_received(self):
+        self.sock.sendto.side_effect = ConnectionRefusedError
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol)
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._buffer.append((b'data', ()))
+        transport._sendto_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+
+    def test_sendto_ready_error_received_connection(self):
+        self.sock.send.side_effect = ConnectionRefusedError
+
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, ('0.0.0.0', 1))
+        transport._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        transport._buffer.append((b'data', ()))
+        transport._sendto_ready()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._fatal_error.called)
+        self.assertTrue(self.protocol.error_received.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger.error')
+    def test_fatal_error_connected(self, m_exc):
+        transport = _SelectorDatagramTransport(
+            self.loop, self.sock, self.protocol, ('0.0.0.0', 1))
+        err = ConnectionRefusedError()
+        transport._fatal_error(err)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.error_received.called)
+        m_exc.assert_called_with(
+            test_utils.MockPattern(
+                'Fatal error on transport\nprotocol:.*\ntransport:.*'),
+            exc_info=(ConnectionRefusedError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_streams.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..031499e814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+"""Tests for streams.py."""
+
+import gc
+import socket
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+class StreamReaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    DATA = b'line1\nline2\nline3\n'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # just in case if we have transport close callbacks
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.close()
+        gc.collect()
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.streams.events')
+    def test_ctor_global_loop(self, m_events):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader()
+        self.assertIs(stream._loop, m_events.get_event_loop.return_value)
+
+    def _basetest_open_connection(self, open_connection_fut):
+        reader, writer = self.loop.run_until_complete(open_connection_fut)
+        writer.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n')
+        f = reader.readline()
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertEqual(data, b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n')
+        f = reader.read()
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertTrue(data.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nTest message'))
+        writer.close()
+
+    def test_open_connection(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server() as httpd:
+            conn_fut = asyncio.open_connection(*httpd.address,
+                                               loop=self.loop)
+            self._basetest_open_connection(conn_fut)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_open_unix_connection(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_unix_server() as httpd:
+            conn_fut = asyncio.open_unix_connection(httpd.address,
+                                                    loop=self.loop)
+            self._basetest_open_connection(conn_fut)
+
+    def _basetest_open_connection_no_loop_ssl(self, open_connection_fut):
+        try:
+            reader, writer = self.loop.run_until_complete(open_connection_fut)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+        writer.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n')
+        f = reader.read()
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertTrue(data.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nTest message'))
+
+        writer.close()
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    def test_open_connection_no_loop_ssl(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server(use_ssl=True) as httpd:
+            conn_fut = asyncio.open_connection(
+                *httpd.address,
+                ssl=test_utils.dummy_ssl_context(),
+                loop=self.loop)
+
+            self._basetest_open_connection_no_loop_ssl(conn_fut)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, 'No ssl module')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_open_unix_connection_no_loop_ssl(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_unix_server(use_ssl=True) as httpd:
+            conn_fut = asyncio.open_unix_connection(
+                httpd.address,
+                ssl=test_utils.dummy_ssl_context(),
+                server_hostname='',
+                loop=self.loop)
+
+            self._basetest_open_connection_no_loop_ssl(conn_fut)
+
+    def _basetest_open_connection_error(self, open_connection_fut):
+        reader, writer = self.loop.run_until_complete(open_connection_fut)
+        writer._protocol.connection_lost(ZeroDivisionError())
+        f = reader.read()
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        writer.close()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+    def test_open_connection_error(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_server() as httpd:
+            conn_fut = asyncio.open_connection(*httpd.address,
+                                               loop=self.loop)
+            self._basetest_open_connection_error(conn_fut)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_open_unix_connection_error(self):
+        with test_utils.run_test_unix_server() as httpd:
+            conn_fut = asyncio.open_unix_connection(httpd.address,
+                                                    loop=self.loop)
+            self._basetest_open_connection_error(conn_fut)
+
+    def test_feed_empty_data(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+
+        stream.feed_data(b'')
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_feed_nonempty_data(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+
+        stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+        self.assertEqual(self.DATA, stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_read_zero(self):
+        # Read zero bytes.
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.read(0))
+        self.assertEqual(b'', data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.DATA, stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_read(self):
+        # Read bytes.
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        read_task = asyncio.Task(stream.read(30), loop=self.loop)
+
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(read_task)
+        self.assertEqual(self.DATA, data)
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_read_line_breaks(self):
+        # Read bytes without line breaks.
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'line1')
+        stream.feed_data(b'line2')
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.read(5))
+
+        self.assertEqual(b'line1', data)
+        self.assertEqual(b'line2', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_read_eof(self):
+        # Read bytes, stop at eof.
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        read_task = asyncio.Task(stream.read(1024), loop=self.loop)
+
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_eof()
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(read_task)
+        self.assertEqual(b'', data)
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_read_until_eof(self):
+        # Read all bytes until eof.
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        read_task = asyncio.Task(stream.read(-1), loop=self.loop)
+
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk1\n')
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk2')
+            stream.feed_eof()
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(read_task)
+
+        self.assertEqual(b'chunk1\nchunk2', data)
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_read_exception(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'line\n')
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.read(2))
+        self.assertEqual(b'li', data)
+
+        stream.set_exception(ValueError())
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, stream.read(2))
+
+    def test_readline(self):
+        # Read one line. 'readline' will need to wait for the data
+        # to come from 'cb'
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'chunk1 ')
+        read_task = asyncio.Task(stream.readline(), loop=self.loop)
+
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk2 ')
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk3 ')
+            stream.feed_data(b'\n chunk4')
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        line = self.loop.run_until_complete(read_task)
+        self.assertEqual(b'chunk1 chunk2 chunk3 \n', line)
+        self.assertEqual(b' chunk4', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readline_limit_with_existing_data(self):
+        # Read one line. The data is in StreamReader's buffer
+        # before the event loop is run.
+
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=3, loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'li')
+        stream.feed_data(b'ne1\nline2\n')
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, stream.readline())
+        # The buffer should contain the remaining data after exception
+        self.assertEqual(b'line2\n', stream._buffer)
+
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=3, loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'li')
+        stream.feed_data(b'ne1')
+        stream.feed_data(b'li')
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, stream.readline())
+        # No b'\n' at the end. The 'limit' is set to 3. So before
+        # waiting for the new data in buffer, 'readline' will consume
+        # the entire buffer, and since the length of the consumed data
+        # is more than 3, it will raise a ValueError. The buffer is
+        # expected to be empty now.
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_at_eof(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(stream.at_eof())
+
+        stream.feed_data(b'some data\n')
+        self.assertFalse(stream.at_eof())
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readline())
+        self.assertFalse(stream.at_eof())
+
+        stream.feed_data(b'some data\n')
+        stream.feed_eof()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readline())
+        self.assertTrue(stream.at_eof())
+
+    def test_readline_limit(self):
+        # Read one line. StreamReaders are fed with data after
+        # their 'readline' methods are called.
+
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=7, loop=self.loop)
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk1')
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk2')
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk3\n')
+            stream.feed_eof()
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, stream.readline())
+        # The buffer had just one line of data, and after raising
+        # a ValueError it should be empty.
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=7, loop=self.loop)
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk1')
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk2\n')
+            stream.feed_data(b'chunk3\n')
+            stream.feed_eof()
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, stream.readline())
+        self.assertEqual(b'chunk3\n', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readline_nolimit_nowait(self):
+        # All needed data for the first 'readline' call will be
+        # in the buffer.
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(self.DATA[:6])
+        stream.feed_data(self.DATA[6:])
+
+        line = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readline())
+
+        self.assertEqual(b'line1\n', line)
+        self.assertEqual(b'line2\nline3\n', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readline_eof(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'some data')
+        stream.feed_eof()
+
+        line = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readline())
+        self.assertEqual(b'some data', line)
+
+    def test_readline_empty_eof(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_eof()
+
+        line = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readline())
+        self.assertEqual(b'', line)
+
+    def test_readline_read_byte_count(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readline())
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.read(7))
+
+        self.assertEqual(b'line2\nl', data)
+        self.assertEqual(b'ine3\n', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readline_exception(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'line\n')
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readline())
+        self.assertEqual(b'line\n', data)
+
+        stream.set_exception(ValueError())
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, stream.readline())
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readexactly_zero_or_less(self):
+        # Read exact number of bytes (zero or less).
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readexactly(0))
+        self.assertEqual(b'', data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.DATA, stream._buffer)
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readexactly(-1))
+        self.assertEqual(b'', data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.DATA, stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readexactly(self):
+        # Read exact number of bytes.
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+
+        n = 2 * len(self.DATA)
+        read_task = asyncio.Task(stream.readexactly(n), loop=self.loop)
+
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+            stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+            stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(read_task)
+        self.assertEqual(self.DATA + self.DATA, data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.DATA, stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readexactly_eof(self):
+        # Read exact number of bytes (eof).
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        n = 2 * len(self.DATA)
+        read_task = asyncio.Task(stream.readexactly(n), loop=self.loop)
+
+        def cb():
+            stream.feed_data(self.DATA)
+            stream.feed_eof()
+        self.loop.call_soon(cb)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.IncompleteReadError) as cm:
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(read_task)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.partial, self.DATA)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.expected, n)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         '18 bytes read on a total of 36 expected bytes')
+        self.assertEqual(b'', stream._buffer)
+
+    def test_readexactly_exception(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        stream.feed_data(b'line\n')
+
+        data = self.loop.run_until_complete(stream.readexactly(2))
+        self.assertEqual(b'li', data)
+
+        stream.set_exception(ValueError())
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete, stream.readexactly(2))
+
+    def test_exception(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIsNone(stream.exception())
+
+        exc = ValueError()
+        stream.set_exception(exc)
+        self.assertIs(stream.exception(), exc)
+
+    def test_exception_waiter(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def set_err():
+            stream.set_exception(ValueError())
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def readline():
+            yield from stream.readline()
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(stream.readline(), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(set_err(), loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait([t1, t2], loop=self.loop))
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, t1.result)
+
+    def test_exception_cancel(self):
+        stream = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def read_a_line():
+            yield from stream.readline()
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(read_a_line(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        t.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        # The following line fails if set_exception() isn't careful.
+        stream.set_exception(RuntimeError('message'))
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(stream._waiter, None)
+
+    def test_start_server(self):
+
+        class MyServer:
+
+            def __init__(self, loop):
+                self.server = None
+                self.loop = loop
+
+            @asyncio.coroutine
+            def handle_client(self, client_reader, client_writer):
+                data = yield from client_reader.readline()
+                client_writer.write(data)
+
+            def start(self):
+                sock = socket.socket()
+                sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
+                self.server = self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                    asyncio.start_server(self.handle_client,
+                                         sock=sock,
+                                         loop=self.loop))
+                return sock.getsockname()
+
+            def handle_client_callback(self, client_reader, client_writer):
+                task = asyncio.Task(client_reader.readline(), loop=self.loop)
+
+                def done(task):
+                    client_writer.write(task.result())
+
+                task.add_done_callback(done)
+
+            def start_callback(self):
+                sock = socket.socket()
+                sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
+                addr = sock.getsockname()
+                sock.close()
+                self.server = self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                    asyncio.start_server(self.handle_client_callback,
+                                         host=addr[0], port=addr[1],
+                                         loop=self.loop))
+                return addr
+
+            def stop(self):
+                if self.server is not None:
+                    self.server.close()
+                    self.loop.run_until_complete(self.server.wait_closed())
+                    self.server = None
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def client(addr):
+            reader, writer = yield from asyncio.open_connection(
+                *addr, loop=self.loop)
+            # send a line
+            writer.write(b"hello world!\n")
+            # read it back
+            msgback = yield from reader.readline()
+            writer.close()
+            return msgback
+
+        # test the server variant with a coroutine as client handler
+        server = MyServer(self.loop)
+        addr = server.start()
+        msg = self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(client(addr),
+                                                        loop=self.loop))
+        server.stop()
+        self.assertEqual(msg, b"hello world!\n")
+
+        # test the server variant with a callback as client handler
+        server = MyServer(self.loop)
+        addr = server.start_callback()
+        msg = self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(client(addr),
+                                                        loop=self.loop))
+        server.stop()
+        self.assertEqual(msg, b"hello world!\n")
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'), 'No UNIX Sockets')
+    def test_start_unix_server(self):
+
+        class MyServer:
+
+            def __init__(self, loop, path):
+                self.server = None
+                self.loop = loop
+                self.path = path
+
+            @asyncio.coroutine
+            def handle_client(self, client_reader, client_writer):
+                data = yield from client_reader.readline()
+                client_writer.write(data)
+
+            def start(self):
+                self.server = self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                    asyncio.start_unix_server(self.handle_client,
+                                              path=self.path,
+                                              loop=self.loop))
+
+            def handle_client_callback(self, client_reader, client_writer):
+                task = asyncio.Task(client_reader.readline(), loop=self.loop)
+
+                def done(task):
+                    client_writer.write(task.result())
+
+                task.add_done_callback(done)
+
+            def start_callback(self):
+                self.server = self.loop.run_until_complete(
+                    asyncio.start_unix_server(self.handle_client_callback,
+                                              path=self.path,
+                                              loop=self.loop))
+
+            def stop(self):
+                if self.server is not None:
+                    self.server.close()
+                    self.loop.run_until_complete(self.server.wait_closed())
+                    self.server = None
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def client(path):
+            reader, writer = yield from asyncio.open_unix_connection(
+                path, loop=self.loop)
+            # send a line
+            writer.write(b"hello world!\n")
+            # read it back
+            msgback = yield from reader.readline()
+            writer.close()
+            return msgback
+
+        # test the server variant with a coroutine as client handler
+        with test_utils.unix_socket_path() as path:
+            server = MyServer(self.loop, path)
+            server.start()
+            msg = self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(client(path),
+                                                            loop=self.loop))
+            server.stop()
+            self.assertEqual(msg, b"hello world!\n")
+
+        # test the server variant with a callback as client handler
+        with test_utils.unix_socket_path() as path:
+            server = MyServer(self.loop, path)
+            server.start_callback()
+            msg = self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(client(path),
+                                                            loop=self.loop))
+            server.stop()
+            self.assertEqual(msg, b"hello world!\n")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14fd17e61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+from asyncio import subprocess
+import asyncio
+import signal
+import sys
+import unittest
+from test import support
+if sys.platform != 'win32':
+    from asyncio import unix_events
+
+# Program blocking
+PROGRAM_BLOCKED = [sys.executable, '-c', 'import time; time.sleep(3600)']
+
+# Program sleeping during 1 second
+PROGRAM_SLEEP_1SEC = [sys.executable, '-c', 'import time; time.sleep(1)']
+
+# Program copying input to output
+PROGRAM_CAT = [
+    sys.executable, '-c',
+    ';'.join(('import sys',
+              'data = sys.stdin.buffer.read()',
+              'sys.stdout.buffer.write(data)'))]
+
+class SubprocessMixin:
+
+    def test_stdin_stdout(self):
+        args = PROGRAM_CAT
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def run(data):
+            proc = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                                          *args,
+                                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                          loop=self.loop)
+
+            # feed data
+            proc.stdin.write(data)
+            yield from proc.stdin.drain()
+            proc.stdin.close()
+
+            # get output and exitcode
+            data = yield from proc.stdout.read()
+            exitcode = yield from proc.wait()
+            return (exitcode, data)
+
+        task = run(b'some data')
+        task = asyncio.wait_for(task, 10.0, loop=self.loop)
+        exitcode, stdout = self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
+        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'some data')
+
+    def test_communicate(self):
+        args = PROGRAM_CAT
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def run(data):
+            proc = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                                          *args,
+                                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                          loop=self.loop)
+            stdout, stderr = yield from proc.communicate(data)
+            return proc.returncode, stdout
+
+        task = run(b'some data')
+        task = asyncio.wait_for(task, 10.0, loop=self.loop)
+        exitcode, stdout = self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
+        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'some data')
+
+    def test_shell(self):
+        create = asyncio.create_subprocess_shell('exit 7',
+                                                 loop=self.loop)
+        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(create)
+        exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
+        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 7)
+
+    def test_start_new_session(self):
+        # start the new process in a new session
+        create = asyncio.create_subprocess_shell('exit 8',
+                                                 start_new_session=True,
+                                                 loop=self.loop)
+        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(create)
+        exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
+        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 8)
+
+    def test_kill(self):
+        args = PROGRAM_BLOCKED
+        create = asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*args, loop=self.loop)
+        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(create)
+        proc.kill()
+        returncode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            self.assertIsInstance(returncode, int)
+            # expect 1 but sometimes get 0
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGKILL, returncode)
+
+    def test_terminate(self):
+        args = PROGRAM_BLOCKED
+        create = asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*args, loop=self.loop)
+        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(create)
+        proc.terminate()
+        returncode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            self.assertIsInstance(returncode, int)
+            # expect 1 but sometimes get 0
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGTERM, returncode)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32', "Don't have SIGHUP")
+    def test_send_signal(self):
+        args = PROGRAM_BLOCKED
+        create = asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*args, loop=self.loop)
+        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(create)
+        proc.send_signal(signal.SIGHUP)
+        returncode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
+        self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGHUP, returncode)
+
+    def test_broken_pipe(self):
+        large_data = b'x' * support.PIPE_MAX_SIZE
+
+        create = asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                             *PROGRAM_SLEEP_1SEC,
+                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             loop=self.loop)
+        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(create)
+        with self.assertRaises(BrokenPipeError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.communicate(large_data))
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
+
+
+if sys.platform != 'win32':
+    # Unix
+    class SubprocessWatcherMixin(SubprocessMixin):
+
+        Watcher = None
+
+        def setUp(self):
+            policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
+            self.loop = policy.new_event_loop()
+
+            # ensure that the event loop is passed explicitly in the code
+            policy.set_event_loop(None)
+
+            watcher = self.Watcher()
+            watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
+            policy.set_child_watcher(watcher)
+
+        def tearDown(self):
+            policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
+            policy.set_child_watcher(None)
+            self.loop.close()
+            policy.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    class SubprocessSafeWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
+                                     unittest.TestCase):
+
+        Watcher = unix_events.SafeChildWatcher
+
+    class SubprocessFastWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
+                                     unittest.TestCase):
+
+        Watcher = unix_events.FastChildWatcher
+
+else:
+    # Windows
+    class SubprocessProactorTests(SubprocessMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+
+        def setUp(self):
+            policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
+            self.loop = asyncio.ProactorEventLoop()
+
+            # ensure that the event loop is passed explicitly in the code
+            policy.set_event_loop(None)
+
+        def tearDown(self):
+            policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
+            self.loop.close()
+            policy.set_event_loop(None)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_tasks.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ced34312f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1677 @@
+"""Tests for tasks.py."""
+
+import gc
+import os.path
+import unittest
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import test_utils
+
+
+@asyncio.coroutine
+def coroutine_function():
+    pass
+
+
+class Dummy:
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'Dummy()'
+
+    def __call__(self, *args):
+        pass
+
+
+class TaskTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+        gc.collect()
+
+    def test_task_class(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmuch():
+            return 'ok'
+        t = asyncio.Task(notmuch(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertEqual(t.result(), 'ok')
+        self.assertIs(t._loop, self.loop)
+
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        t = asyncio.Task(notmuch(), loop=loop)
+        self.assertIs(t._loop, loop)
+        loop.close()
+
+    def test_async_coroutine(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmuch():
+            return 'ok'
+        t = asyncio.async(notmuch(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertEqual(t.result(), 'ok')
+        self.assertIs(t._loop, self.loop)
+
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        t = asyncio.async(notmuch(), loop=loop)
+        self.assertIs(t._loop, loop)
+        loop.close()
+
+    def test_async_future(self):
+        f_orig = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        f_orig.set_result('ko')
+
+        f = asyncio.async(f_orig)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertTrue(f.done())
+        self.assertEqual(f.result(), 'ko')
+        self.assertIs(f, f_orig)
+
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            f = asyncio.async(f_orig, loop=loop)
+
+        loop.close()
+
+        f = asyncio.async(f_orig, loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(f, f_orig)
+
+    def test_async_task(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmuch():
+            return 'ok'
+        t_orig = asyncio.Task(notmuch(), loop=self.loop)
+        t = asyncio.async(t_orig)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertEqual(t.result(), 'ok')
+        self.assertIs(t, t_orig)
+
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            t = asyncio.async(t_orig, loop=loop)
+
+        loop.close()
+
+        t = asyncio.async(t_orig, loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(t, t_orig)
+
+    def test_async_neither(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            asyncio.async('ok')
+
+    def test_task_repr(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmuch():
+            yield from []
+            return 'abc'
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(notmuch(), loop=self.loop)
+        t.add_done_callback(Dummy())
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t), 'Task(<notmuch>)<PENDING, [Dummy()]>')
+        t.cancel()  # Does not take immediate effect!
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t), 'Task(<notmuch>)<CANCELLING, [Dummy()]>')
+        self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError,
+                          self.loop.run_until_complete, t)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t), 'Task(<notmuch>)<CANCELLED>')
+        t = asyncio.Task(notmuch(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t), "Task(<notmuch>)<result='abc'>")
+
+    def test_task_repr_custom(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro():
+            pass
+
+        class T(asyncio.Future):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return 'T[]'
+
+        class MyTask(asyncio.Task, T):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return super().__repr__()
+
+        gen = coro()
+        t = MyTask(gen, loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t), 'T[](<coro>)')
+        gen.close()
+
+    def test_task_basics(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def outer():
+            a = yield from inner1()
+            b = yield from inner2()
+            return a+b
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def inner1():
+            return 42
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def inner2():
+            return 1000
+
+        t = outer()
+        self.assertEqual(self.loop.run_until_complete(t), 1042)
+
+    def test_cancel(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(10.0, when)
+            yield 0
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(10.0, loop=loop)
+            return 12
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=loop)
+        loop.call_soon(t.cancel)
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t.cancelled())
+        self.assertFalse(t.cancel())
+
+    def test_cancel_yield(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            yield
+            yield
+            return 12
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)  # start coro
+        t.cancel()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError, self.loop.run_until_complete, t)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertTrue(t.cancelled())
+        self.assertFalse(t.cancel())
+
+    def test_cancel_inner_future(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            yield from f
+            return 12
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)  # start task
+        f.cancel()
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertTrue(f.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(t.cancelled())
+
+    def test_cancel_both_task_and_inner_future(self):
+        f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            yield from f
+            return 12
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+        f.cancel()
+        t.cancel()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertTrue(f.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(t.cancelled())
+
+    def test_cancel_task_catching(self):
+        fut1 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut2 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            yield from fut1
+            try:
+                yield from fut2
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                return 42
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(t._fut_waiter, fut1)  # White-box test.
+        fut1.set_result(None)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(t._fut_waiter, fut2)  # White-box test.
+        t.cancel()
+        self.assertTrue(fut2.cancelled())
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 42)
+        self.assertFalse(t.cancelled())
+
+    def test_cancel_task_ignoring(self):
+        fut1 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut2 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut3 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            yield from fut1
+            try:
+                yield from fut2
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                pass
+            res = yield from fut3
+            return res
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(t._fut_waiter, fut1)  # White-box test.
+        fut1.set_result(None)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(t._fut_waiter, fut2)  # White-box test.
+        t.cancel()
+        self.assertTrue(fut2.cancelled())
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(t._fut_waiter, fut3)  # White-box test.
+        fut3.set_result(42)
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 42)
+        self.assertFalse(fut3.cancelled())
+        self.assertFalse(t.cancelled())
+
+    def test_cancel_current_task(self):
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            t.cancel()
+            self.assertTrue(t._must_cancel)  # White-box test.
+            # The sleep should be cancelled immediately.
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(100, loop=loop)
+            return 12
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=loop)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError, loop.run_until_complete, t)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertFalse(t._must_cancel)  # White-box test.
+        self.assertFalse(t.cancel())
+
+    def test_stop_while_run_in_complete(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0.1
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.2, when)
+            when = yield 0.1
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.3, when)
+            yield 0.1
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        x = 0
+        waiters = []
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def task():
+            nonlocal x
+            while x < 10:
+                waiters.append(asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop))
+                yield from waiters[-1]
+                x += 1
+                if x == 2:
+                    loop.stop()
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(task(), loop=loop)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError, loop.run_until_complete, t)
+        self.assertFalse(t.done())
+        self.assertEqual(x, 2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.3, loop.time())
+
+        # close generators
+        for w in waiters:
+            w.close()
+
+    def test_wait_for(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.2, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0.1
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        foo_running = None
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            nonlocal foo_running
+            foo_running = True
+            try:
+                yield from asyncio.sleep(0.2, loop=loop)
+            finally:
+                foo_running = False
+            return 'done'
+
+        fut = asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.TimeoutError):
+            loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait_for(fut, 0.1, loop=loop))
+        self.assertTrue(fut.done())
+        # it should have been cancelled due to the timeout
+        self.assertTrue(fut.cancelled())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, loop.time())
+        self.assertEqual(foo_running, False)
+
+    def test_wait_for_blocking(self):
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro():
+            return 'done'
+
+        res = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait_for(coro(),
+                                                       timeout=None,
+                                                       loop=loop))
+        self.assertEqual(res, 'done')
+
+    def test_wait_for_with_global_loop(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.2, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, when)
+            yield 0.01
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.2, loop=loop)
+            return 'done'
+
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+        try:
+            fut = asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop)
+            with self.assertRaises(asyncio.TimeoutError):
+                loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait_for(fut, 0.01))
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, loop.time())
+        self.assertTrue(fut.done())
+        self.assertTrue(fut.cancelled())
+
+    def test_wait(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, when)
+            yield 0.15
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.15, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            done, pending = yield from asyncio.wait([b, a], loop=loop)
+            self.assertEqual(done, set([a, b]))
+            self.assertEqual(pending, set())
+            return 42
+
+        res = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertEqual(res, 42)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, loop.time())
+
+        # Doing it again should take no time and exercise a different path.
+        res = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, loop.time())
+        self.assertEqual(res, 42)
+
+    def test_wait_with_global_loop(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.015, when)
+            yield 0.015
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.01, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.015, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            done, pending = yield from asyncio.wait([b, a])
+            self.assertEqual(done, set([a, b]))
+            self.assertEqual(pending, set())
+            return 42
+
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+        try:
+            res = loop.run_until_complete(
+                asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(res, 42)
+
+    def test_wait_duplicate_coroutines(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro(s):
+            return s
+        c = coro('test')
+
+        task = asyncio.Task(
+            asyncio.wait([c, c, coro('spam')], loop=self.loop),
+            loop=self.loop)
+
+        done, pending = self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
+
+        self.assertFalse(pending)
+        self.assertEqual(set(f.result() for f in done), {'test', 'spam'})
+
+    def test_wait_errors(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            asyncio.wait(set(), loop=self.loop))
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            asyncio.wait([asyncio.sleep(10.0, loop=self.loop)],
+                         return_when=-1, loop=self.loop))
+
+    def test_wait_first_completed(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(10.0, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            yield 0.1
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(10.0, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+        task = asyncio.Task(
+            asyncio.wait([b, a], return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+                         loop=loop),
+            loop=loop)
+
+        done, pending = loop.run_until_complete(task)
+        self.assertEqual({b}, done)
+        self.assertEqual({a}, pending)
+        self.assertFalse(a.done())
+        self.assertTrue(b.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(b.result())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, loop.time())
+
+        # move forward to close generator
+        loop.advance_time(10)
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait([a, b], loop=loop))
+
+    def test_wait_really_done(self):
+        # there is possibility that some tasks in the pending list
+        # became done but their callbacks haven't all been called yet
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro1():
+            yield
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro2():
+            yield
+            yield
+
+        a = asyncio.Task(coro1(), loop=self.loop)
+        b = asyncio.Task(coro2(), loop=self.loop)
+        task = asyncio.Task(
+            asyncio.wait([b, a], return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+                         loop=self.loop),
+            loop=self.loop)
+
+        done, pending = self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
+        self.assertEqual({a, b}, done)
+        self.assertTrue(a.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(a.result())
+        self.assertTrue(b.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(b.result())
+
+    def test_wait_first_exception(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(10.0, when)
+            yield 0
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        # first_exception, task already has exception
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(10.0, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def exc():
+            raise ZeroDivisionError('err')
+
+        b = asyncio.Task(exc(), loop=loop)
+        task = asyncio.Task(
+            asyncio.wait([b, a], return_when=asyncio.FIRST_EXCEPTION,
+                         loop=loop),
+            loop=loop)
+
+        done, pending = loop.run_until_complete(task)
+        self.assertEqual({b}, done)
+        self.assertEqual({a}, pending)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0, loop.time())
+
+        # move forward to close generator
+        loop.advance_time(10)
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait([a, b], loop=loop))
+
+    def test_wait_first_exception_in_wait(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(10.0, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, when)
+            yield 0.01
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        # first_exception, exception during waiting
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(10.0, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def exc():
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.01, loop=loop)
+            raise ZeroDivisionError('err')
+
+        b = asyncio.Task(exc(), loop=loop)
+        task = asyncio.wait([b, a], return_when=asyncio.FIRST_EXCEPTION,
+                            loop=loop)
+
+        done, pending = loop.run_until_complete(task)
+        self.assertEqual({b}, done)
+        self.assertEqual({a}, pending)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.01, loop.time())
+
+        # move forward to close generator
+        loop.advance_time(10)
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait([a, b], loop=loop))
+
+    def test_wait_with_exception(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, when)
+            yield 0.15
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def sleeper():
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(0.15, loop=loop)
+            raise ZeroDivisionError('really')
+
+        b = asyncio.Task(sleeper(), loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            done, pending = yield from asyncio.wait([b, a], loop=loop)
+            self.assertEqual(len(done), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(pending, set())
+            errors = set(f for f in done if f.exception() is not None)
+            self.assertEqual(len(errors), 1)
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, loop.time())
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, loop.time())
+
+    def test_wait_with_timeout(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.11, when)
+            yield 0.11
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.15, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            done, pending = yield from asyncio.wait([b, a], timeout=0.11,
+                                                    loop=loop)
+            self.assertEqual(done, set([a]))
+            self.assertEqual(pending, set([b]))
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.11, loop.time())
+
+        # move forward to close generator
+        loop.advance_time(10)
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait([a, b], loop=loop))
+
+    def test_wait_concurrent_complete(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            yield 0.1
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.1, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(0.15, loop=loop), loop=loop)
+
+        done, pending = loop.run_until_complete(
+            asyncio.wait([b, a], timeout=0.1, loop=loop))
+
+        self.assertEqual(done, set([a]))
+        self.assertEqual(pending, set([b]))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, loop.time())
+
+        # move forward to close generator
+        loop.advance_time(10)
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait([a, b], loop=loop))
+
+    def test_as_completed(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            yield 0
+            yield 0
+            yield 0.01
+            yield 0
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+        completed = set()
+        time_shifted = False
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def sleeper(dt, x):
+            nonlocal time_shifted
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(dt, loop=loop)
+            completed.add(x)
+            if not time_shifted and 'a' in completed and 'b' in completed:
+                time_shifted = True
+                loop.advance_time(0.14)
+            return x
+
+        a = sleeper(0.01, 'a')
+        b = sleeper(0.01, 'b')
+        c = sleeper(0.15, 'c')
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            values = []
+            for f in asyncio.as_completed([b, c, a], loop=loop):
+                values.append((yield from f))
+            return values
+
+        res = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, loop.time())
+        self.assertTrue('a' in res[:2])
+        self.assertTrue('b' in res[:2])
+        self.assertEqual(res[2], 'c')
+
+        # Doing it again should take no time and exercise a different path.
+        res = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.15, loop.time())
+
+    def test_as_completed_with_timeout(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            yield
+            yield 0
+            yield 0
+            yield 0.1
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.sleep(0.1, 'a', loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.sleep(0.15, 'b', loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            values = []
+            for f in asyncio.as_completed([a, b], timeout=0.12, loop=loop):
+                if values:
+                    loop.advance_time(0.02)
+                try:
+                    v = yield from f
+                    values.append((1, v))
+                except asyncio.TimeoutError as exc:
+                    values.append((2, exc))
+            return values
+
+        res = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+        self.assertEqual(len(res), 2, res)
+        self.assertEqual(res[0], (1, 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(res[1][0], 2)
+        self.assertIsInstance(res[1][1], asyncio.TimeoutError)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.12, loop.time())
+
+        # move forward to close generator
+        loop.advance_time(10)
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait([a, b], loop=loop))
+
+    def test_as_completed_with_unused_timeout(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            yield
+            yield 0
+            yield 0.01
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.sleep(0.01, 'a', loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def foo():
+            for f in asyncio.as_completed([a], timeout=1, loop=loop):
+                v = yield from f
+                self.assertEqual(v, 'a')
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.Task(foo(), loop=loop))
+
+    def test_as_completed_reverse_wait(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            yield 0
+            yield 0.05
+            yield 0
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.sleep(0.05, 'a', loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.sleep(0.10, 'b', loop=loop)
+        fs = {a, b}
+        futs = list(asyncio.as_completed(fs, loop=loop))
+        self.assertEqual(len(futs), 2)
+
+        x = loop.run_until_complete(futs[1])
+        self.assertEqual(x, 'a')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.05, loop.time())
+        loop.advance_time(0.05)
+        y = loop.run_until_complete(futs[0])
+        self.assertEqual(y, 'b')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.10, loop.time())
+
+    def test_as_completed_concurrent(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.05, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.05, when)
+            yield 0.05
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        a = asyncio.sleep(0.05, 'a', loop=loop)
+        b = asyncio.sleep(0.05, 'b', loop=loop)
+        fs = {a, b}
+        futs = list(asyncio.as_completed(fs, loop=loop))
+        self.assertEqual(len(futs), 2)
+        waiter = asyncio.wait(futs, loop=loop)
+        done, pending = loop.run_until_complete(waiter)
+        self.assertEqual(set(f.result() for f in done), {'a', 'b'})
+
+    def test_as_completed_duplicate_coroutines(self):
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro(s):
+            return s
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def runner():
+            result = []
+            c = coro('ham')
+            for f in asyncio.as_completed([c, c, coro('spam')],
+                                          loop=self.loop):
+                result.append((yield from f))
+            return result
+
+        fut = asyncio.Task(runner(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(fut)
+        result = fut.result()
+        self.assertEqual(set(result), {'ham', 'spam'})
+        self.assertEqual(len(result), 2)
+
+    def test_sleep(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.05, when)
+            when = yield 0.05
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            yield 0.05
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def sleeper(dt, arg):
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(dt/2, loop=loop)
+            res = yield from asyncio.sleep(dt/2, arg, loop=loop)
+            return res
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(sleeper(0.1, 'yeah'), loop=loop)
+        loop.run_until_complete(t)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertEqual(t.result(), 'yeah')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, loop.time())
+
+    def test_sleep_cancel(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(10.0, when)
+            yield 0
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(asyncio.sleep(10.0, 'yeah', loop=loop),
+                         loop=loop)
+
+        handle = None
+        orig_call_later = loop.call_later
+
+        def call_later(self, delay, callback, *args):
+            nonlocal handle
+            handle = orig_call_later(self, delay, callback, *args)
+            return handle
+
+        loop.call_later = call_later
+        test_utils.run_briefly(loop)
+
+        self.assertFalse(handle._cancelled)
+
+        t.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(loop)
+        self.assertTrue(handle._cancelled)
+
+    def test_task_cancel_sleeping_task(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, when)
+            when = yield 0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(5000, when)
+            yield 0.1
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def sleep(dt):
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(dt, loop=loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def doit():
+            sleeper = asyncio.Task(sleep(5000), loop=loop)
+            loop.call_later(0.1, sleeper.cancel)
+            try:
+                yield from sleeper
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                return 'cancelled'
+            else:
+                return 'slept in'
+
+        doer = doit()
+        self.assertEqual(loop.run_until_complete(doer), 'cancelled')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(0.1, loop.time())
+
+    def test_task_cancel_waiter_future(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro():
+            yield from fut
+
+        task = asyncio.Task(coro(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(task._fut_waiter, fut)
+
+        task.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError, self.loop.run_until_complete, task)
+        self.assertIsNone(task._fut_waiter)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.cancelled())
+
+    def test_step_in_completed_task(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmuch():
+            return 'ko'
+
+        gen = notmuch()
+        task = asyncio.Task(gen, loop=self.loop)
+        task.set_result('ok')
+
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, task._step)
+        gen.close()
+
+    def test_step_result(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmuch():
+            yield None
+            yield 1
+            return 'ko'
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError, self.loop.run_until_complete, notmuch())
+
+    def test_step_result_future(self):
+        # If coroutine returns future, task waits on this future.
+
+        class Fut(asyncio.Future):
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+                self.cb_added = False
+                super().__init__(*args, **kwds)
+
+            def add_done_callback(self, fn):
+                self.cb_added = True
+                super().add_done_callback(fn)
+
+        fut = Fut(loop=self.loop)
+        result = None
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def wait_for_future():
+            nonlocal result
+            result = yield from fut
+
+        t = asyncio.Task(wait_for_future(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.cb_added)
+
+        res = object()
+        fut.set_result(res)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(res, result)
+        self.assertTrue(t.done())
+        self.assertIsNone(t.result())
+
+    def test_step_with_baseexception(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmutch():
+            raise BaseException()
+
+        task = asyncio.Task(notmutch(), loop=self.loop)
+        self.assertRaises(BaseException, task._step)
+
+        self.assertTrue(task.done())
+        self.assertIsInstance(task.exception(), BaseException)
+
+    def test_baseexception_during_cancel(self):
+
+        def gen():
+            when = yield
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(10.0, when)
+            yield 0
+
+        loop = test_utils.TestLoop(gen)
+        self.addCleanup(loop.close)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def sleeper():
+            yield from asyncio.sleep(10, loop=loop)
+
+        base_exc = BaseException()
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def notmutch():
+            try:
+                yield from sleeper()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                raise base_exc
+
+        task = asyncio.Task(notmutch(), loop=loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(loop)
+
+        task.cancel()
+        self.assertFalse(task.done())
+
+        self.assertRaises(BaseException, test_utils.run_briefly, loop)
+
+        self.assertTrue(task.done())
+        self.assertFalse(task.cancelled())
+        self.assertIs(task.exception(), base_exc)
+
+    def test_iscoroutinefunction(self):
+        def fn():
+            pass
+
+        self.assertFalse(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(fn))
+
+        def fn1():
+            yield
+        self.assertFalse(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(fn1))
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def fn2():
+            yield
+        self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(fn2))
+
+    def test_yield_vs_yield_from(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def wait_for_future():
+            yield fut
+
+        task = wait_for_future()
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
+
+        self.assertFalse(fut.done())
+
+    def test_yield_vs_yield_from_generator(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro():
+            yield
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def wait_for_future():
+            gen = coro()
+            try:
+                yield gen
+            finally:
+                gen.close()
+
+        task = wait_for_future()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError,
+            self.loop.run_until_complete, task)
+
+    def test_coroutine_non_gen_function(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def func():
+            return 'test'
+
+        self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func))
+
+        coro = func()
+        self.assertTrue(asyncio.iscoroutine(coro))
+
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 'test')
+
+    def test_coroutine_non_gen_function_return_future(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def func():
+            return fut
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro():
+            fut.set_result('test')
+
+        t1 = asyncio.Task(func(), loop=self.loop)
+        t2 = asyncio.Task(coro(), loop=self.loop)
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(t1)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 'test')
+        self.assertIsNone(t2.result())
+
+    def test_current_task(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=self.loop))
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro(loop):
+            self.assertTrue(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=loop) is task)
+
+        task = asyncio.Task(coro(self.loop), loop=self.loop)
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
+        self.assertIsNone(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=self.loop))
+
+    def test_current_task_with_interleaving_tasks(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=self.loop))
+
+        fut1 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut2 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro1(loop):
+            self.assertTrue(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=loop) is task1)
+            yield from fut1
+            self.assertTrue(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=loop) is task1)
+            fut2.set_result(True)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro2(loop):
+            self.assertTrue(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=loop) is task2)
+            fut1.set_result(True)
+            yield from fut2
+            self.assertTrue(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=loop) is task2)
+
+        task1 = asyncio.Task(coro1(self.loop), loop=self.loop)
+        task2 = asyncio.Task(coro2(self.loop), loop=self.loop)
+
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait((task1, task2),
+                                                  loop=self.loop))
+        self.assertIsNone(asyncio.Task.current_task(loop=self.loop))
+
+    # Some thorough tests for cancellation propagation through
+    # coroutines, tasks and wait().
+
+    def test_yield_future_passes_cancel(self):
+        # Cancelling outer() cancels inner() cancels waiter.
+        proof = 0
+        waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def inner():
+            nonlocal proof
+            try:
+                yield from waiter
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                proof += 1
+                raise
+            else:
+                self.fail('got past sleep() in inner()')
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def outer():
+            nonlocal proof
+            try:
+                yield from inner()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                proof += 100  # Expect this path.
+            else:
+                proof += 10
+
+        f = asyncio.async(outer(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertEqual(proof, 101)
+        self.assertTrue(waiter.cancelled())
+
+    def test_yield_wait_does_not_shield_cancel(self):
+        # Cancelling outer() makes wait() return early, leaves inner()
+        # running.
+        proof = 0
+        waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def inner():
+            nonlocal proof
+            yield from waiter
+            proof += 1
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def outer():
+            nonlocal proof
+            d, p = yield from asyncio.wait([inner()], loop=self.loop)
+            proof += 100
+
+        f = asyncio.async(outer(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            asyncio.CancelledError, self.loop.run_until_complete, f)
+        waiter.set_result(None)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(proof, 1)
+
+    def test_shield_result(self):
+        inner = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        outer = asyncio.shield(inner)
+        inner.set_result(42)
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(outer)
+        self.assertEqual(res, 42)
+
+    def test_shield_exception(self):
+        inner = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        outer = asyncio.shield(inner)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        exc = RuntimeError('expected')
+        inner.set_exception(exc)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIs(outer.exception(), exc)
+
+    def test_shield_cancel(self):
+        inner = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        outer = asyncio.shield(inner)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        inner.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(outer.cancelled())
+
+    def test_shield_shortcut(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        fut.set_result(42)
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.shield(fut))
+        self.assertEqual(res, 42)
+
+    def test_shield_effect(self):
+        # Cancelling outer() does not affect inner().
+        proof = 0
+        waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def inner():
+            nonlocal proof
+            yield from waiter
+            proof += 1
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def outer():
+            nonlocal proof
+            yield from asyncio.shield(inner(), loop=self.loop)
+            proof += 100
+
+        f = asyncio.async(outer(), loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        f.cancel()
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        waiter.set_result(None)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(proof, 1)
+
+    def test_shield_gather(self):
+        child1 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        child2 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        parent = asyncio.gather(child1, child2, loop=self.loop)
+        outer = asyncio.shield(parent, loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        outer.cancel()
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertTrue(outer.cancelled())
+        child1.set_result(1)
+        child2.set_result(2)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(parent.result(), [1, 2])
+
+    def test_gather_shield(self):
+        child1 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        child2 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        inner1 = asyncio.shield(child1, loop=self.loop)
+        inner2 = asyncio.shield(child2, loop=self.loop)
+        parent = asyncio.gather(inner1, inner2, loop=self.loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        parent.cancel()
+        # This should cancel inner1 and inner2 but bot child1 and child2.
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIsInstance(parent.exception(), asyncio.CancelledError)
+        self.assertTrue(inner1.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(inner2.cancelled())
+        child1.set_result(1)
+        child2.set_result(2)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+
+    def test_as_completed_invalid_args(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        # as_completed() expects a list of futures, not a future instance
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            asyncio.as_completed(fut, loop=self.loop))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            asyncio.as_completed(coroutine_function(), loop=self.loop))
+
+    def test_wait_invalid_args(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+
+        # wait() expects a list of futures, not a future instance
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            asyncio.wait(fut, loop=self.loop))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            asyncio.wait(coroutine_function(), loop=self.loop))
+
+        # wait() expects at least a future
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loop.run_until_complete,
+            asyncio.wait([], loop=self.loop))
+
+class GatherTestsBase:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.one_loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.other_loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.one_loop.close()
+        self.other_loop.close()
+
+    def _run_loop(self, loop):
+        while loop._ready:
+            test_utils.run_briefly(loop)
+
+    def _check_success(self, **kwargs):
+        a, b, c = [asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop) for i in range(3)]
+        fut = asyncio.gather(*self.wrap_futures(a, b, c), **kwargs)
+        cb = test_utils.MockCallback()
+        fut.add_done_callback(cb)
+        b.set_result(1)
+        a.set_result(2)
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertEqual(cb.called, False)
+        self.assertFalse(fut.done())
+        c.set_result(3)
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        cb.assert_called_once_with(fut)
+        self.assertEqual(fut.result(), [2, 1, 3])
+
+    def test_success(self):
+        self._check_success()
+        self._check_success(return_exceptions=False)
+
+    def test_result_exception_success(self):
+        self._check_success(return_exceptions=True)
+
+    def test_one_exception(self):
+        a, b, c, d, e = [asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop) for i in range(5)]
+        fut = asyncio.gather(*self.wrap_futures(a, b, c, d, e))
+        cb = test_utils.MockCallback()
+        fut.add_done_callback(cb)
+        exc = ZeroDivisionError()
+        a.set_result(1)
+        b.set_exception(exc)
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.done())
+        cb.assert_called_once_with(fut)
+        self.assertIs(fut.exception(), exc)
+        # Does nothing
+        c.set_result(3)
+        d.cancel()
+        e.set_exception(RuntimeError())
+        e.exception()
+
+    def test_return_exceptions(self):
+        a, b, c, d = [asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop) for i in range(4)]
+        fut = asyncio.gather(*self.wrap_futures(a, b, c, d),
+                             return_exceptions=True)
+        cb = test_utils.MockCallback()
+        fut.add_done_callback(cb)
+        exc = ZeroDivisionError()
+        exc2 = RuntimeError()
+        b.set_result(1)
+        c.set_exception(exc)
+        a.set_result(3)
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertFalse(fut.done())
+        d.set_exception(exc2)
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.done())
+        cb.assert_called_once_with(fut)
+        self.assertEqual(fut.result(), [3, 1, exc, exc2])
+
+    def test_env_var_debug(self):
+        path = os.path.dirname(asyncio.__file__)
+        path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(path, '..'))
+        code = '\n'.join((
+            'import sys',
+            'sys.path.insert(0, %r)' % path,
+            'import asyncio.tasks',
+            'print(asyncio.tasks._DEBUG)'))
+
+        # Test with -E to not fail if the unit test was run with
+        # PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG set to a non-empty string
+        sts, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-E', '-c', code)
+        self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), b'False')
+
+        sts, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-c', code,
+                                               PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG='')
+        self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), b'False')
+
+        sts, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-c', code,
+                                               PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG='1')
+        self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), b'True')
+
+        sts, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-E', '-c', code,
+                                               PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG='1')
+        self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), b'False')
+
+
+class FutureGatherTests(GatherTestsBase, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def wrap_futures(self, *futures):
+        return futures
+
+    def _check_empty_sequence(self, seq_or_iter):
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.addCleanup(asyncio.set_event_loop, None)
+        fut = asyncio.gather(*seq_or_iter)
+        self.assertIsInstance(fut, asyncio.Future)
+        self.assertIs(fut._loop, self.one_loop)
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.done())
+        self.assertEqual(fut.result(), [])
+        fut = asyncio.gather(*seq_or_iter, loop=self.other_loop)
+        self.assertIs(fut._loop, self.other_loop)
+
+    def test_constructor_empty_sequence(self):
+        self._check_empty_sequence([])
+        self._check_empty_sequence(())
+        self._check_empty_sequence(set())
+        self._check_empty_sequence(iter(""))
+
+    def test_constructor_heterogenous_futures(self):
+        fut1 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop)
+        fut2 = asyncio.Future(loop=self.other_loop)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            asyncio.gather(fut1, fut2)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            asyncio.gather(fut1, loop=self.other_loop)
+
+    def test_constructor_homogenous_futures(self):
+        children = [asyncio.Future(loop=self.other_loop) for i in range(3)]
+        fut = asyncio.gather(*children)
+        self.assertIs(fut._loop, self.other_loop)
+        self._run_loop(self.other_loop)
+        self.assertFalse(fut.done())
+        fut = asyncio.gather(*children, loop=self.other_loop)
+        self.assertIs(fut._loop, self.other_loop)
+        self._run_loop(self.other_loop)
+        self.assertFalse(fut.done())
+
+    def test_one_cancellation(self):
+        a, b, c, d, e = [asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop) for i in range(5)]
+        fut = asyncio.gather(a, b, c, d, e)
+        cb = test_utils.MockCallback()
+        fut.add_done_callback(cb)
+        a.set_result(1)
+        b.cancel()
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertTrue(fut.done())
+        cb.assert_called_once_with(fut)
+        self.assertFalse(fut.cancelled())
+        self.assertIsInstance(fut.exception(), asyncio.CancelledError)
+        # Does nothing
+        c.set_result(3)
+        d.cancel()
+        e.set_exception(RuntimeError())
+        e.exception()
+
+    def test_result_exception_one_cancellation(self):
+        a, b, c, d, e, f = [asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop)
+                            for i in range(6)]
+        fut = asyncio.gather(a, b, c, d, e, f, return_exceptions=True)
+        cb = test_utils.MockCallback()
+        fut.add_done_callback(cb)
+        a.set_result(1)
+        zde = ZeroDivisionError()
+        b.set_exception(zde)
+        c.cancel()
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertFalse(fut.done())
+        d.set_result(3)
+        e.cancel()
+        rte = RuntimeError()
+        f.set_exception(rte)
+        res = self.one_loop.run_until_complete(fut)
+        self.assertIsInstance(res[2], asyncio.CancelledError)
+        self.assertIsInstance(res[4], asyncio.CancelledError)
+        res[2] = res[4] = None
+        self.assertEqual(res, [1, zde, None, 3, None, rte])
+        cb.assert_called_once_with(fut)
+
+
+class CoroutineGatherTests(GatherTestsBase, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(self.one_loop)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+        super().tearDown()
+
+    def wrap_futures(self, *futures):
+        coros = []
+        for fut in futures:
+            @asyncio.coroutine
+            def coro(fut=fut):
+                return (yield from fut)
+            coros.append(coro())
+        return coros
+
+    def test_constructor_loop_selection(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro():
+            return 'abc'
+        gen1 = coro()
+        gen2 = coro()
+        fut = asyncio.gather(gen1, gen2)
+        self.assertIs(fut._loop, self.one_loop)
+        gen1.close()
+        gen2.close()
+        gen3 = coro()
+        gen4 = coro()
+        fut = asyncio.gather(gen3, gen4, loop=self.other_loop)
+        self.assertIs(fut._loop, self.other_loop)
+        gen3.close()
+        gen4.close()
+
+    def test_duplicate_coroutines(self):
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def coro(s):
+            return s
+        c = coro('abc')
+        fut = asyncio.gather(c, c, coro('def'), c, loop=self.one_loop)
+        self._run_loop(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertEqual(fut.result(), ['abc', 'abc', 'def', 'abc'])
+
+    def test_cancellation_broadcast(self):
+        # Cancelling outer() cancels all children.
+        proof = 0
+        waiter = asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def inner():
+            nonlocal proof
+            yield from waiter
+            proof += 1
+
+        child1 = asyncio.async(inner(), loop=self.one_loop)
+        child2 = asyncio.async(inner(), loop=self.one_loop)
+        gatherer = None
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def outer():
+            nonlocal proof, gatherer
+            gatherer = asyncio.gather(child1, child2, loop=self.one_loop)
+            yield from gatherer
+            proof += 100
+
+        f = asyncio.async(outer(), loop=self.one_loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertTrue(f.cancel())
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            self.one_loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertFalse(gatherer.cancel())
+        self.assertTrue(waiter.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(child1.cancelled())
+        self.assertTrue(child2.cancelled())
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertEqual(proof, 0)
+
+    def test_exception_marking(self):
+        # Test for the first line marked "Mark exception retrieved."
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def inner(f):
+            yield from f
+            raise RuntimeError('should not be ignored')
+
+        a = asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop)
+        b = asyncio.Future(loop=self.one_loop)
+
+        @asyncio.coroutine
+        def outer():
+            yield from asyncio.gather(inner(a), inner(b), loop=self.one_loop)
+
+        f = asyncio.async(outer(), loop=self.one_loop)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.one_loop)
+        a.set_result(None)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.one_loop)
+        b.set_result(None)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.one_loop)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.exception(), RuntimeError)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_transports.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_transports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfbdf3e9bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_transports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Tests for transports.py."""
+
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import transports
+
+
+class TransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_ctor_extra_is_none(self):
+        transport = asyncio.Transport()
+        self.assertEqual(transport._extra, {})
+
+    def test_get_extra_info(self):
+        transport = asyncio.Transport({'extra': 'info'})
+        self.assertEqual('info', transport.get_extra_info('extra'))
+        self.assertIsNone(transport.get_extra_info('unknown'))
+
+        default = object()
+        self.assertIs(default, transport.get_extra_info('unknown', default))
+
+    def test_writelines(self):
+        transport = asyncio.Transport()
+        transport.write = mock.Mock()
+
+        transport.writelines([b'line1',
+                              bytearray(b'line2'),
+                              memoryview(b'line3')])
+        self.assertEqual(1, transport.write.call_count)
+        transport.write.assert_called_with(b'line1line2line3')
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+        transport = asyncio.Transport()
+
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError,
+                          transport.set_write_buffer_limits)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.get_write_buffer_size)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.write, 'data')
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.write_eof)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.can_write_eof)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.pause_reading)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.resume_reading)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.close)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.abort)
+
+    def test_dgram_not_implemented(self):
+        transport = asyncio.DatagramTransport()
+
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.sendto, 'data')
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.abort)
+
+    def test_subprocess_transport_not_implemented(self):
+        transport = asyncio.SubprocessTransport()
+
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.get_pid)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.get_returncode)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.get_pipe_transport, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.send_signal, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.terminate)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, transport.kill)
+
+    def test_flowcontrol_mixin_set_write_limits(self):
+
+        class MyTransport(transports._FlowControlMixin,
+                          transports.Transport):
+
+            def get_write_buffer_size(self):
+                return 512
+
+        transport = MyTransport()
+        transport._protocol = mock.Mock()
+
+        self.assertFalse(transport._protocol_paused)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'high.*must be >= low'):
+            transport.set_write_buffer_limits(high=0, low=1)
+
+        transport.set_write_buffer_limits(high=1024, low=128)
+        self.assertFalse(transport._protocol_paused)
+
+        transport.set_write_buffer_limits(high=256, low=128)
+        self.assertTrue(transport._protocol_paused)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_unix_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_unix_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc74383952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_unix_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@
+"""Tests for unix_events.py."""
+
+import collections
+import gc
+import errno
+import io
+import os
+import pprint
+import signal
+import socket
+import stat
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+    raise unittest.SkipTest('UNIX only')
+
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import log
+from asyncio import test_utils
+from asyncio import unix_events
+
+
+MOCK_ANY = mock.ANY
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(signal, 'Signals are not supported')
+class SelectorEventLoopSignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = asyncio.SelectorEventLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_check_signal(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            TypeError, self.loop._check_signal, '1')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.loop._check_signal, signal.NSIG + 1)
+
+    def test_handle_signal_no_handler(self):
+        self.loop._handle_signal(signal.NSIG + 1, ())
+
+    def test_handle_signal_cancelled_handler(self):
+        h = asyncio.Handle(mock.Mock(), (),
+                           loop=mock.Mock())
+        h.cancel()
+        self.loop._signal_handlers[signal.NSIG + 1] = h
+        self.loop.remove_signal_handler = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._handle_signal(signal.NSIG + 1, ())
+        self.loop.remove_signal_handler.assert_called_with(signal.NSIG + 1)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_add_signal_handler_setup_error(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+        m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.side_effect = ValueError
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError,
+            self.loop.add_signal_handler,
+            signal.SIGINT, lambda: True)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_add_signal_handler(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+
+        cb = lambda: True
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP, cb)
+        h = self.loop._signal_handlers.get(signal.SIGHUP)
+        self.assertIsInstance(h, asyncio.Handle)
+        self.assertEqual(h._callback, cb)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_add_signal_handler_install_error(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+
+        def set_wakeup_fd(fd):
+            if fd == -1:
+                raise ValueError()
+        m_signal.set_wakeup_fd = set_wakeup_fd
+
+        class Err(OSError):
+            errno = errno.EFAULT
+        m_signal.signal.side_effect = Err
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            Err,
+            self.loop.add_signal_handler,
+            signal.SIGINT, lambda: True)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_add_signal_handler_install_error2(self, m_logging, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+
+        class Err(OSError):
+            errno = errno.EINVAL
+        m_signal.signal.side_effect = Err
+
+        self.loop._signal_handlers[signal.SIGHUP] = lambda: True
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError,
+            self.loop.add_signal_handler,
+            signal.SIGINT, lambda: True)
+        self.assertFalse(m_logging.info.called)
+        self.assertEqual(1, m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.call_count)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_add_signal_handler_install_error3(self, m_logging, m_signal):
+        class Err(OSError):
+            errno = errno.EINVAL
+        m_signal.signal.side_effect = Err
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError,
+            self.loop.add_signal_handler,
+            signal.SIGINT, lambda: True)
+        self.assertFalse(m_logging.info.called)
+        self.assertEqual(2, m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.call_count)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_remove_signal_handler(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP, lambda: True)
+
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP))
+        self.assertTrue(m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m_signal.signal.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (signal.SIGHUP, m_signal.SIG_DFL), m_signal.signal.call_args[0])
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_remove_signal_handler_2(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+        m_signal.SIGINT = signal.SIGINT
+
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT, lambda: True)
+        self.loop._signal_handlers[signal.SIGHUP] = object()
+        m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.reset_mock()
+
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT))
+        self.assertFalse(m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m_signal.signal.called)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (signal.SIGINT, m_signal.default_int_handler),
+            m_signal.signal.call_args[0])
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.base_events.logger')
+    def test_remove_signal_handler_cleanup_error(self, m_logging, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP, lambda: True)
+
+        m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.side_effect = ValueError
+
+        self.loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP)
+        self.assertTrue(m_logging.info)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_remove_signal_handler_error(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP, lambda: True)
+
+        m_signal.signal.side_effect = OSError
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            OSError, self.loop.remove_signal_handler, signal.SIGHUP)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_remove_signal_handler_error2(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP, lambda: True)
+
+        class Err(OSError):
+            errno = errno.EINVAL
+        m_signal.signal.side_effect = Err
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            RuntimeError, self.loop.remove_signal_handler, signal.SIGHUP)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.signal')
+    def test_close(self, m_signal):
+        m_signal.NSIG = signal.NSIG
+
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGHUP, lambda: True)
+        self.loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGCHLD, lambda: True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.loop._signal_handlers), 2)
+
+        m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.reset_mock()
+
+        self.loop.close()
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.loop._signal_handlers), 0)
+        m_signal.set_wakeup_fd.assert_called_once_with(-1)
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'),
+                     'UNIX Sockets are not supported')
+class SelectorEventLoopUnixSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = asyncio.SelectorEventLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+    def test_create_unix_server_existing_path_sock(self):
+        with test_utils.unix_socket_path() as path:
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+            sock.bind(path)
+            with sock:
+                coro = self.loop.create_unix_server(lambda: None, path)
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(OSError,
+                                            'Address.*is already in use'):
+                    self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_server_existing_path_nonsock(self):
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as file:
+            coro = self.loop.create_unix_server(lambda: None, file.name)
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(OSError,
+                                        'Address.*is already in use'):
+                self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_server_ssl_bool(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_unix_server(lambda: None, path='spam',
+                                            ssl=True)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError,
+                                    'ssl argument must be an SSLContext'):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_server_nopath_nosock(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_unix_server(lambda: None, path=None)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    'path was not specified, and no sock'):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_server_path_inetsock(self):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            coro = self.loop.create_unix_server(lambda: None, path=None,
+                                                sock=sock)
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                        'A UNIX Domain Socket was expected'):
+                self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_connection_path_sock(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_unix_connection(
+            lambda: None, '/dev/null', sock=object())
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'path and sock can not be'):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_connection_nopath_nosock(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_unix_connection(
+            lambda: None, None)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    'no path and sock were specified'):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_connection_nossl_serverhost(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_unix_connection(
+            lambda: None, '/dev/null', server_hostname='spam')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    'server_hostname is only meaningful'):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+    def test_create_unix_connection_ssl_noserverhost(self):
+        coro = self.loop.create_unix_connection(
+            lambda: None, '/dev/null', ssl=True)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            ValueError, 'you have to pass server_hostname when using ssl'):
+
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+
+class UnixReadPipeTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.protocol = test_utils.make_test_protocol(asyncio.Protocol)
+        self.pipe = mock.Mock(spec_set=io.RawIOBase)
+        self.pipe.fileno.return_value = 5
+
+        fcntl_patcher = mock.patch('fcntl.fcntl')
+        fcntl_patcher.start()
+        self.addCleanup(fcntl_patcher.stop)
+
+        fstat_patcher = mock.patch('os.fstat')
+        m_fstat = fstat_patcher.start()
+        st = mock.Mock()
+        st.st_mode = stat.S_IFIFO
+        m_fstat.return_value = st
+        self.addCleanup(fstat_patcher.stop)
+
+    def test_ctor(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(5, tr._read_ready)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_made.assert_called_with(tr)
+
+    def test_ctor_with_waiter(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol, fut)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertIsNone(fut.result())
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test__read_ready(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        m_read.return_value = b'data'
+        tr._read_ready()
+
+        m_read.assert_called_with(5, tr.max_size)
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data')
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test__read_ready_eof(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        m_read.return_value = b''
+        tr._read_ready()
+
+        m_read.assert_called_with(5, tr.max_size)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.eof_received.assert_called_with()
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test__read_ready_blocked(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        m_read.side_effect = BlockingIOError
+        tr._read_ready()
+
+        m_read.assert_called_with(5, tr.max_size)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.data_received.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.log.logger.error')
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test__read_ready_error(self, m_read, m_logexc):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        err = OSError()
+        m_read.side_effect = err
+        tr._close = mock.Mock()
+        tr._read_ready()
+
+        m_read.assert_called_with(5, tr.max_size)
+        tr._close.assert_called_with(err)
+        m_logexc.assert_called_with(
+            test_utils.MockPattern(
+                'Fatal read error on pipe transport'
+                '\nprotocol:.*\ntransport:.*'),
+            exc_info=(OSError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test_pause_reading(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        m = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop.add_reader(5, m)
+        tr.pause_reading()
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test_resume_reading(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        tr.resume_reading()
+        self.loop.assert_reader(5, tr._read_ready)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test_close(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        tr._close = mock.Mock()
+        tr.close()
+        tr._close.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test_close_already_closing(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        tr._closing = True
+        tr._close = mock.Mock()
+        tr.close()
+        self.assertFalse(tr._close.called)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.read')
+    def test__close(self, m_read):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        err = object()
+        tr._close(err)
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(err)
+
+    def test__call_connection_lost(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        err = None
+        tr._call_connection_lost(err)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(err)
+        self.pipe.close.assert_called_with()
+
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._protocol)
+        self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(self.protocol),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.protocol)))
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._loop)
+        self.assertEqual(4, sys.getrefcount(self.loop),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.loop)))
+
+    def test__call_connection_lost_with_err(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixReadPipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        err = OSError()
+        tr._call_connection_lost(err)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(err)
+        self.pipe.close.assert_called_with()
+
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._protocol)
+
+        self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(self.protocol),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.protocol)))
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._loop)
+        self.assertEqual(4, sys.getrefcount(self.loop),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.loop)))
+
+
+class UnixWritePipeTransportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.protocol = test_utils.make_test_protocol(asyncio.BaseProtocol)
+        self.pipe = mock.Mock(spec_set=io.RawIOBase)
+        self.pipe.fileno.return_value = 5
+
+        fcntl_patcher = mock.patch('fcntl.fcntl')
+        fcntl_patcher.start()
+        self.addCleanup(fcntl_patcher.stop)
+
+        fstat_patcher = mock.patch('os.fstat')
+        m_fstat = fstat_patcher.start()
+        st = mock.Mock()
+        st.st_mode = stat.S_IFSOCK
+        m_fstat.return_value = st
+        self.addCleanup(fstat_patcher.stop)
+
+    def test_ctor(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(5, tr._read_ready)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_made.assert_called_with(tr)
+
+    def test_ctor_with_waiter(self):
+        fut = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol, fut)
+        self.loop.assert_reader(5, tr._read_ready)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.assertEqual(None, fut.result())
+
+    def test_can_write_eof(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        self.assertTrue(tr.can_write_eof())
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_write(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        m_write.return_value = 4
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertEqual([], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_write_no_data(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        tr.write(b'')
+        self.assertFalse(m_write.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertEqual([], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_write_partial(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        m_write.return_value = 2
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.loop.assert_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual([b'ta'], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_write_buffer(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        tr._buffer = [b'previous']
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(m_write.called)
+        self.loop.assert_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual([b'previous', b'data'], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_write_again(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        m_write.side_effect = BlockingIOError()
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.loop.assert_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual([b'data'], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.unix_events.logger')
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_write_err(self, m_write, m_log):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        err = OSError()
+        m_write.side_effect = err
+        tr._fatal_error = mock.Mock()
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertEqual([], tr._buffer)
+        tr._fatal_error.assert_called_with(
+                            err,
+                            'Fatal write error on pipe transport')
+        self.assertEqual(1, tr._conn_lost)
+
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(2, tr._conn_lost)
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        # This is a bit overspecified. :-(
+        m_log.warning.assert_called_with(
+            'pipe closed by peer or os.write(pipe, data) raised exception.')
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_write_close(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        tr._read_ready()  # pipe was closed by peer
+
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 1)
+        tr.write(b'data')
+        self.assertEqual(tr._conn_lost, 2)
+
+    def test__read_ready(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(self.loop, self.pipe,
+                                                 self.protocol)
+        tr._read_ready()
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test__write_ready(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        m_write.return_value = 4
+        tr._write_ready()
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertEqual([], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test__write_ready_partial(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        m_write.return_value = 3
+        tr._write_ready()
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.loop.assert_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual([b'a'], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test__write_ready_again(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        m_write.side_effect = BlockingIOError()
+        tr._write_ready()
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.loop.assert_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual([b'data'], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test__write_ready_empty(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        m_write.return_value = 0
+        tr._write_ready()
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.loop.assert_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        self.assertEqual([b'data'], tr._buffer)
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.log.logger.error')
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test__write_ready_err(self, m_write, m_logexc):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        m_write.side_effect = err = OSError()
+        tr._write_ready()
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        self.assertEqual([], tr._buffer)
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        m_logexc.assert_called_with(
+            test_utils.MockPattern(
+                'Fatal write error on pipe transport'
+                '\nprotocol:.*\ntransport:.*'),
+            exc_info=(OSError, MOCK_ANY, MOCK_ANY))
+        self.assertEqual(1, tr._conn_lost)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(err)
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test__write_ready_closing(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        tr._closing = True
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        m_write.return_value = 4
+        tr._write_ready()
+        m_write.assert_called_with(5, b'data')
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        self.assertEqual([], tr._buffer)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+        self.pipe.close.assert_called_with()
+
+    @mock.patch('os.write')
+    def test_abort(self, m_write):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        self.loop.add_writer(5, tr._write_ready)
+        self.loop.add_reader(5, tr._read_ready)
+        tr._buffer = [b'da', b'ta']
+        tr.abort()
+        self.assertFalse(m_write.called)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.writers)
+        self.assertEqual([], tr._buffer)
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test__call_connection_lost(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        err = None
+        tr._call_connection_lost(err)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(err)
+        self.pipe.close.assert_called_with()
+
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._protocol)
+        self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(self.protocol),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.protocol)))
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._loop)
+        self.assertEqual(4, sys.getrefcount(self.loop),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.loop)))
+
+    def test__call_connection_lost_with_err(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        err = OSError()
+        tr._call_connection_lost(err)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(err)
+        self.pipe.close.assert_called_with()
+
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._protocol)
+        self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(self.protocol),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.protocol)))
+        self.assertIsNone(tr._loop)
+        self.assertEqual(4, sys.getrefcount(self.loop),
+                         pprint.pformat(gc.get_referrers(self.loop)))
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        tr.write_eof = mock.Mock()
+        tr.close()
+        tr.write_eof.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_close_closing(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        tr.write_eof = mock.Mock()
+        tr._closing = True
+        tr.close()
+        self.assertFalse(tr.write_eof.called)
+
+    def test_write_eof(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loop.readers)
+        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)
+        self.protocol.connection_lost.assert_called_with(None)
+
+    def test_write_eof_pending(self):
+        tr = unix_events._UnixWritePipeTransport(
+            self.loop, self.pipe, self.protocol)
+        tr._buffer = [b'data']
+        tr.write_eof()
+        self.assertTrue(tr._closing)
+        self.assertFalse(self.protocol.connection_lost.called)
+
+
+class AbstractChildWatcherTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+        f = mock.Mock()
+        watcher = asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, watcher.add_child_handler, f, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, watcher.remove_child_handler, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, watcher.attach_loop, f)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, watcher.close)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, watcher.__enter__)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, watcher.__exit__, f, f, f)
+
+
+class BaseChildWatcherTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+        f = mock.Mock()
+        watcher = unix_events.BaseChildWatcher()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            NotImplementedError, watcher._do_waitpid, f)
+
+
+WaitPidMocks = collections.namedtuple("WaitPidMocks",
+                                      ("waitpid",
+                                       "WIFEXITED",
+                                       "WIFSIGNALED",
+                                       "WEXITSTATUS",
+                                       "WTERMSIG",
+                                       ))
+
+
+class ChildWatcherTestsMixin:
+
+    ignore_warnings = mock.patch.object(log.logger, "warning")
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        self.running = False
+        self.zombies = {}
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+                self.loop, "add_signal_handler") as self.m_add_signal_handler:
+            self.watcher = self.create_watcher()
+            self.watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
+
+    def waitpid(self, pid, flags):
+        if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.SafeChildWatcher) or pid != -1:
+            self.assertGreater(pid, 0)
+        try:
+            if pid < 0:
+                return self.zombies.popitem()
+            else:
+                return pid, self.zombies.pop(pid)
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        if self.running:
+            return 0, 0
+        else:
+            raise ChildProcessError()
+
+    def add_zombie(self, pid, returncode):
+        self.zombies[pid] = returncode + 32768
+
+    def WIFEXITED(self, status):
+        return status >= 32768
+
+    def WIFSIGNALED(self, status):
+        return 32700 < status < 32768
+
+    def WEXITSTATUS(self, status):
+        self.assertTrue(self.WIFEXITED(status))
+        return status - 32768
+
+    def WTERMSIG(self, status):
+        self.assertTrue(self.WIFSIGNALED(status))
+        return 32768 - status
+
+    def test_create_watcher(self):
+        self.m_add_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
+            signal.SIGCHLD, self.watcher._sig_chld)
+
+    def waitpid_mocks(func):
+        def wrapped_func(self):
+            def patch(target, wrapper):
+                return mock.patch(target, wraps=wrapper,
+                                  new_callable=mock.Mock)
+
+            with patch('os.WTERMSIG', self.WTERMSIG) as m_WTERMSIG, \
+                 patch('os.WEXITSTATUS', self.WEXITSTATUS) as m_WEXITSTATUS, \
+                 patch('os.WIFSIGNALED', self.WIFSIGNALED) as m_WIFSIGNALED, \
+                 patch('os.WIFEXITED', self.WIFEXITED) as m_WIFEXITED, \
+                 patch('os.waitpid', self.waitpid) as m_waitpid:
+                func(self, WaitPidMocks(m_waitpid,
+                                        m_WIFEXITED, m_WIFSIGNALED,
+                                        m_WEXITSTATUS, m_WTERMSIG,
+                                        ))
+        return wrapped_func
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld(self, m):
+        # register a child
+        callback = mock.Mock()
+
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(42, callback, 9, 10, 14)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child is running
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child terminates (returncode 12)
+        self.running = False
+        self.add_zombie(42, 12)
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+        callback.assert_called_once_with(42, 12, 9, 10, 14)
+
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WEXITSTATUS.reset_mock()
+        callback.reset_mock()
+
+        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
+        self.add_zombie(42, 13)
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WEXITSTATUS.reset_mock()
+
+        # sigchld called again
+        self.zombies.clear()
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_two_children(self, m):
+        callback1 = mock.Mock()
+        callback2 = mock.Mock()
+
+        # register child 1
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(43, callback1, 7, 8)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # register child 2
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(44, callback2, 147, 18)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # children are running
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child 1 terminates (signal 3)
+        self.add_zombie(43, -3)
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        callback1.assert_called_once_with(43, -3, 7, 8)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WTERMSIG.reset_mock()
+        callback1.reset_mock()
+
+        # child 2 still running
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child 2 terminates (code 108)
+        self.add_zombie(44, 108)
+        self.running = False
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        callback2.assert_called_once_with(44, 108, 147, 18)
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WEXITSTATUS.reset_mock()
+        callback2.reset_mock()
+
+        # ensure that the children are effectively reaped
+        self.add_zombie(43, 14)
+        self.add_zombie(44, 15)
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WEXITSTATUS.reset_mock()
+
+        # sigchld called again
+        self.zombies.clear()
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_two_children_terminating_together(self, m):
+        callback1 = mock.Mock()
+        callback2 = mock.Mock()
+
+        # register child 1
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(45, callback1, 17, 8)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # register child 2
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(46, callback2, 1147, 18)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # children are running
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child 1 terminates (code 78)
+        # child 2 terminates (signal 5)
+        self.add_zombie(45, 78)
+        self.add_zombie(46, -5)
+        self.running = False
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        callback1.assert_called_once_with(45, 78, 17, 8)
+        callback2.assert_called_once_with(46, -5, 1147, 18)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WTERMSIG.reset_mock()
+        m.WEXITSTATUS.reset_mock()
+        callback1.reset_mock()
+        callback2.reset_mock()
+
+        # ensure that the children are effectively reaped
+        self.add_zombie(45, 14)
+        self.add_zombie(46, 15)
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_race_condition(self, m):
+        # register a child
+        callback = mock.Mock()
+
+        with self.watcher:
+            # child terminates before being registered
+            self.add_zombie(50, 4)
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(50, callback, 1, 12)
+
+        callback.assert_called_once_with(50, 4, 1, 12)
+        callback.reset_mock()
+
+        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
+        self.add_zombie(50, -1)
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_replace_handler(self, m):
+        callback1 = mock.Mock()
+        callback2 = mock.Mock()
+
+        # register a child
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(51, callback1, 19)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # register the same child again
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(51, callback2, 21)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child terminates (signal 8)
+        self.running = False
+        self.add_zombie(51, -8)
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        callback2.assert_called_once_with(51, -8, 21)
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WTERMSIG.reset_mock()
+        callback2.reset_mock()
+
+        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
+        self.add_zombie(51, 13)
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_remove_handler(self, m):
+        callback = mock.Mock()
+
+        # register a child
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(52, callback, 1984)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # unregister the child
+        self.watcher.remove_child_handler(52)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child terminates (code 99)
+        self.running = False
+        self.add_zombie(52, 99)
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_unknown_status(self, m):
+        callback = mock.Mock()
+
+        # register a child
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(53, callback, -19)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # terminate with unknown status
+        self.zombies[53] = 1178
+        self.running = False
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        callback.assert_called_once_with(53, 1178, -19)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertTrue(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        callback.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFEXITED.reset_mock()
+        m.WIFSIGNALED.reset_mock()
+
+        # ensure that the child is effectively reaped
+        self.add_zombie(53, 101)
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_remove_child_handler(self, m):
+        callback1 = mock.Mock()
+        callback2 = mock.Mock()
+        callback3 = mock.Mock()
+
+        # register children
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(54, callback1, 1)
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(55, callback2, 2)
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(56, callback3, 3)
+
+        # remove child handler 1
+        self.assertTrue(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(54))
+
+        # remove child handler 2 multiple times
+        self.assertTrue(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(55))
+        self.assertFalse(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(55))
+        self.assertFalse(self.watcher.remove_child_handler(55))
+
+        # all children terminate
+        self.add_zombie(54, 0)
+        self.add_zombie(55, 1)
+        self.add_zombie(56, 2)
+        self.running = False
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        callback3.assert_called_once_with(56, 2, 3)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_unhandled_exception(self, m):
+        callback = mock.Mock()
+
+        # register a child
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(57, callback)
+
+        # raise an exception
+        m.waitpid.side_effect = ValueError
+
+        with mock.patch.object(log.logger,
+                               'error') as m_error:
+
+            self.assertEqual(self.watcher._sig_chld(), None)
+            self.assertTrue(m_error.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_child_reaped_elsewhere(self, m):
+        # register a child
+        callback = mock.Mock()
+
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(58, callback)
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFEXITED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WIFSIGNALED.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WEXITSTATUS.called)
+        self.assertFalse(m.WTERMSIG.called)
+
+        # child terminates
+        self.running = False
+        self.add_zombie(58, 4)
+
+        # waitpid is called elsewhere
+        os.waitpid(58, os.WNOHANG)
+
+        m.waitpid.reset_mock()
+
+        # sigchld
+        with self.ignore_warnings:
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        callback.assert_called(m.waitpid)
+        if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.FastChildWatcher):
+            # here the FastChildWatche enters a deadlock
+            # (there is no way to prevent it)
+            self.assertFalse(callback.called)
+        else:
+            callback.assert_called_once_with(58, 255)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_sigchld_unknown_pid_during_registration(self, m):
+        # register two children
+        callback1 = mock.Mock()
+        callback2 = mock.Mock()
+
+        with self.ignore_warnings, self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            # child 1 terminates
+            self.add_zombie(591, 7)
+            # an unknown child terminates
+            self.add_zombie(593, 17)
+
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(591, callback1)
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(592, callback2)
+
+        callback1.assert_called_once_with(591, 7)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_set_loop(self, m):
+        # register a child
+        callback = mock.Mock()
+
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(60, callback)
+
+        # attach a new loop
+        old_loop = self.loop
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+        patch = mock.patch.object
+
+        with patch(old_loop, "remove_signal_handler") as m_old_remove, \
+             patch(self.loop, "add_signal_handler") as m_new_add:
+
+            self.watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
+
+            m_old_remove.assert_called_once_with(
+                signal.SIGCHLD)
+            m_new_add.assert_called_once_with(
+                signal.SIGCHLD, self.watcher._sig_chld)
+
+        # child terminates
+        self.running = False
+        self.add_zombie(60, 9)
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        callback.assert_called_once_with(60, 9)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_set_loop_race_condition(self, m):
+        # register 3 children
+        callback1 = mock.Mock()
+        callback2 = mock.Mock()
+        callback3 = mock.Mock()
+
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(61, callback1)
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(62, callback2)
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(622, callback3)
+
+        # detach the loop
+        old_loop = self.loop
+        self.loop = None
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+                old_loop, "remove_signal_handler") as m_remove_signal_handler:
+
+            self.watcher.attach_loop(None)
+
+            m_remove_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
+                signal.SIGCHLD)
+
+        # child 1 & 2 terminate
+        self.add_zombie(61, 11)
+        self.add_zombie(62, -5)
+
+        # SIGCHLD was not caught
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback3.called)
+
+        # attach a new loop
+        self.loop = test_utils.TestLoop()
+
+        with mock.patch.object(
+                self.loop, "add_signal_handler") as m_add_signal_handler:
+
+            self.watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
+
+            m_add_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
+                signal.SIGCHLD, self.watcher._sig_chld)
+            callback1.assert_called_once_with(61, 11)  # race condition!
+            callback2.assert_called_once_with(62, -5)  # race condition!
+            self.assertFalse(callback3.called)
+
+        callback1.reset_mock()
+        callback2.reset_mock()
+
+        # child 3 terminates
+        self.running = False
+        self.add_zombie(622, 19)
+        self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+        self.assertFalse(callback1.called)
+        self.assertFalse(callback2.called)
+        callback3.assert_called_once_with(622, 19)
+
+    @waitpid_mocks
+    def test_close(self, m):
+        # register two children
+        callback1 = mock.Mock()
+
+        with self.watcher:
+            self.running = True
+            # child 1 terminates
+            self.add_zombie(63, 9)
+            # other child terminates
+            self.add_zombie(65, 18)
+            self.watcher._sig_chld()
+
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(63, callback1)
+            self.watcher.add_child_handler(64, callback1)
+
+            self.assertEqual(len(self.watcher._callbacks), 1)
+            if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.FastChildWatcher):
+                self.assertEqual(len(self.watcher._zombies), 1)
+
+            with mock.patch.object(
+                    self.loop,
+                    "remove_signal_handler") as m_remove_signal_handler:
+
+                self.watcher.close()
+
+                m_remove_signal_handler.assert_called_once_with(
+                    signal.SIGCHLD)
+                self.assertFalse(self.watcher._callbacks)
+                if isinstance(self.watcher, asyncio.FastChildWatcher):
+                    self.assertFalse(self.watcher._zombies)
+
+
+class SafeChildWatcherTests (ChildWatcherTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    def create_watcher(self):
+        return asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
+
+
+class FastChildWatcherTests (ChildWatcherTestsMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    def create_watcher(self):
+        return asyncio.FastChildWatcher()
+
+
+class PolicyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def create_policy(self):
+        return asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+
+    def test_get_child_watcher(self):
+        policy = self.create_policy()
+        self.assertIsNone(policy._watcher)
+
+        watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
+        self.assertIsInstance(watcher, asyncio.SafeChildWatcher)
+
+        self.assertIs(policy._watcher, watcher)
+
+        self.assertIs(watcher, policy.get_child_watcher())
+        self.assertIsNone(watcher._loop)
+
+    def test_get_child_watcher_after_set(self):
+        policy = self.create_policy()
+        watcher = asyncio.FastChildWatcher()
+
+        policy.set_child_watcher(watcher)
+        self.assertIs(policy._watcher, watcher)
+        self.assertIs(watcher, policy.get_child_watcher())
+
+    def test_get_child_watcher_with_mainloop_existing(self):
+        policy = self.create_policy()
+        loop = policy.get_event_loop()
+
+        self.assertIsNone(policy._watcher)
+        watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(watcher, asyncio.SafeChildWatcher)
+        self.assertIs(watcher._loop, loop)
+
+        loop.close()
+
+    def test_get_child_watcher_thread(self):
+
+        def f():
+            policy.set_event_loop(policy.new_event_loop())
+
+            self.assertIsInstance(policy.get_event_loop(),
+                                  asyncio.AbstractEventLoop)
+            watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
+
+            self.assertIsInstance(watcher, asyncio.SafeChildWatcher)
+            self.assertIsNone(watcher._loop)
+
+            policy.get_event_loop().close()
+
+        policy = self.create_policy()
+
+        th = threading.Thread(target=f)
+        th.start()
+        th.join()
+
+    def test_child_watcher_replace_mainloop_existing(self):
+        policy = self.create_policy()
+        loop = policy.get_event_loop()
+
+        watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
+
+        self.assertIs(watcher._loop, loop)
+
+        new_loop = policy.new_event_loop()
+        policy.set_event_loop(new_loop)
+
+        self.assertIs(watcher._loop, new_loop)
+
+        policy.set_event_loop(None)
+
+        self.assertIs(watcher._loop, None)
+
+        loop.close()
+        new_loop.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_windows_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_windows_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f652258639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_windows_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+if sys.platform != 'win32':
+    raise unittest.SkipTest('Windows only')
+
+import _winapi
+
+import asyncio
+from asyncio import _overlapped
+from asyncio import windows_events
+
+
+class UpperProto(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.buf = []
+
+    def connection_made(self, trans):
+        self.trans = trans
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        self.buf.append(data)
+        if b'\n' in data:
+            self.trans.write(b''.join(self.buf).upper())
+            self.trans.close()
+
+
+class ProactorTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = asyncio.ProactorEventLoop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+        self.loop = None
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        a, b = self.loop._socketpair()
+        trans = self.loop._make_socket_transport(a, asyncio.Protocol())
+        f = asyncio.async(self.loop.sock_recv(b, 100))
+        trans.close()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        self.assertEqual(f.result(), b'')
+        b.close()
+
+    def test_double_bind(self):
+        ADDRESS = r'\\.\pipe\test_double_bind-%s' % os.getpid()
+        server1 = windows_events.PipeServer(ADDRESS)
+        with self.assertRaises(PermissionError):
+            windows_events.PipeServer(ADDRESS)
+        server1.close()
+
+    def test_pipe(self):
+        res = self.loop.run_until_complete(self._test_pipe())
+        self.assertEqual(res, 'done')
+
+    def _test_pipe(self):
+        ADDRESS = r'\\.\pipe\_test_pipe-%s' % os.getpid()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
+            yield from self.loop.create_pipe_connection(
+                asyncio.Protocol, ADDRESS)
+
+        [server] = yield from self.loop.start_serving_pipe(
+            UpperProto, ADDRESS)
+        self.assertIsInstance(server, windows_events.PipeServer)
+
+        clients = []
+        for i in range(5):
+            stream_reader = asyncio.StreamReader(loop=self.loop)
+            protocol = asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol(stream_reader)
+            trans, proto = yield from self.loop.create_pipe_connection(
+                lambda: protocol, ADDRESS)
+            self.assertIsInstance(trans, asyncio.Transport)
+            self.assertEqual(protocol, proto)
+            clients.append((stream_reader, trans))
+
+        for i, (r, w) in enumerate(clients):
+            w.write('lower-{}\n'.format(i).encode())
+
+        for i, (r, w) in enumerate(clients):
+            response = yield from r.readline()
+            self.assertEqual(response, 'LOWER-{}\n'.format(i).encode())
+            w.close()
+
+        server.close()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
+            yield from self.loop.create_pipe_connection(
+                asyncio.Protocol, ADDRESS)
+
+        return 'done'
+
+    def test_wait_for_handle(self):
+        event = _overlapped.CreateEvent(None, True, False, None)
+        self.addCleanup(_winapi.CloseHandle, event)
+
+        # Wait for unset event with 0.2s timeout;
+        # result should be False at timeout
+        f = self.loop._proactor.wait_for_handle(event, 0.2)
+        start = self.loop.time()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        elapsed = self.loop.time() - start
+        self.assertFalse(f.result())
+        self.assertTrue(0.18 < elapsed < 0.9, elapsed)
+
+        _overlapped.SetEvent(event)
+
+        # Wait for for set event;
+        # result should be True immediately
+        f = self.loop._proactor.wait_for_handle(event, 10)
+        start = self.loop.time()
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        elapsed = self.loop.time() - start
+        self.assertTrue(f.result())
+        self.assertTrue(0 <= elapsed < 0.1, elapsed)
+
+        _overlapped.ResetEvent(event)
+
+        # Wait for unset event with a cancelled future;
+        # CancelledError should be raised immediately
+        f = self.loop._proactor.wait_for_handle(event, 10)
+        f.cancel()
+        start = self.loop.time()
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            self.loop.run_until_complete(f)
+        elapsed = self.loop.time() - start
+        self.assertTrue(0 <= elapsed < 0.1, elapsed)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_windows_utils.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_windows_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7616c73e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_windows_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+"""Tests for window_utils"""
+
+import sys
+import test.support
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+
+if sys.platform != 'win32':
+    raise unittest.SkipTest('Windows only')
+
+import _winapi
+
+from asyncio import windows_utils
+from asyncio import _overlapped
+
+
+class WinsocketpairTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_winsocketpair(self):
+        ssock, csock = windows_utils.socketpair()
+
+        csock.send(b'xxx')
+        self.assertEqual(b'xxx', ssock.recv(1024))
+
+        csock.close()
+        ssock.close()
+
+    @mock.patch('asyncio.windows_utils.socket')
+    def test_winsocketpair_exc(self, m_socket):
+        m_socket.socket.return_value.getsockname.return_value = ('', 12345)
+        m_socket.socket.return_value.accept.return_value = object(), object()
+        m_socket.socket.return_value.connect.side_effect = OSError()
+
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, windows_utils.socketpair)
+
+
+class PipeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_pipe_overlapped(self):
+        h1, h2 = windows_utils.pipe(overlapped=(True, True))
+        try:
+            ov1 = _overlapped.Overlapped()
+            self.assertFalse(ov1.pending)
+            self.assertEqual(ov1.error, 0)
+
+            ov1.ReadFile(h1, 100)
+            self.assertTrue(ov1.pending)
+            self.assertEqual(ov1.error, _winapi.ERROR_IO_PENDING)
+            ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE = 996
+            try:
+                ov1.getresult()
+            except OSError as e:
+                self.assertEqual(e.winerror, ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError('expected ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE')
+
+            ov2 = _overlapped.Overlapped()
+            self.assertFalse(ov2.pending)
+            self.assertEqual(ov2.error, 0)
+
+            ov2.WriteFile(h2, b"hello")
+            self.assertIn(ov2.error, {0, _winapi.ERROR_IO_PENDING})
+
+            res = _winapi.WaitForMultipleObjects([ov2.event], False, 100)
+            self.assertEqual(res, _winapi.WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+
+            self.assertFalse(ov1.pending)
+            self.assertEqual(ov1.error, ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
+            self.assertFalse(ov2.pending)
+            self.assertIn(ov2.error, {0, _winapi.ERROR_IO_PENDING})
+            self.assertEqual(ov1.getresult(), b"hello")
+        finally:
+            _winapi.CloseHandle(h1)
+            _winapi.CloseHandle(h2)
+
+    def test_pipe_handle(self):
+        h, _ = windows_utils.pipe(overlapped=(True, True))
+        _winapi.CloseHandle(_)
+        p = windows_utils.PipeHandle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(p.fileno(), h)
+        self.assertEqual(p.handle, h)
+
+        # check garbage collection of p closes handle
+        del p
+        test.support.gc_collect()
+        try:
+            _winapi.CloseHandle(h)
+        except OSError as e:
+            self.assertEqual(e.winerror, 6)     # ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError('expected ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE')
+
+
+class PopenTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_popen(self):
+        command = r"""if 1:
+            import sys
+            s = sys.stdin.readline()
+            sys.stdout.write(s.upper())
+            sys.stderr.write('stderr')
+            """
+        msg = b"blah\n"
+
+        p = windows_utils.Popen([sys.executable, '-c', command],
+                                stdin=windows_utils.PIPE,
+                                stdout=windows_utils.PIPE,
+                                stderr=windows_utils.PIPE)
+
+        for f in [p.stdin, p.stdout, p.stderr]:
+            self.assertIsInstance(f, windows_utils.PipeHandle)
+
+        ovin = _overlapped.Overlapped()
+        ovout = _overlapped.Overlapped()
+        overr = _overlapped.Overlapped()
+
+        ovin.WriteFile(p.stdin.handle, msg)
+        ovout.ReadFile(p.stdout.handle, 100)
+        overr.ReadFile(p.stderr.handle, 100)
+
+        events = [ovin.event, ovout.event, overr.event]
+        # Super-long timeout for slow buildbots.
+        res = _winapi.WaitForMultipleObjects(events, True, 10000)
+        self.assertEqual(res, _winapi.WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+        self.assertFalse(ovout.pending)
+        self.assertFalse(overr.pending)
+        self.assertFalse(ovin.pending)
+
+        self.assertEqual(ovin.getresult(), len(msg))
+        out = ovout.getresult().rstrip()
+        err = overr.getresult().rstrip()
+
+        self.assertGreater(len(out), 0)
+        self.assertGreater(len(err), 0)
+        # allow for partial reads...
+        self.assertTrue(msg.upper().rstrip().startswith(out))
+        self.assertTrue(b"stderr".startswith(err))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/tests.txt b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/tests.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c69582bc86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/tests.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+test_asyncio.test_base_events
+test_asyncio.test_events
+test_asyncio.test_futures
+test_asyncio.test_locks
+test_asyncio.test_proactor_events
+test_asyncio.test_queues
+test_asyncio.test_selector_events
+test_asyncio.test_streams
+test_asyncio.test_subprocess
+test_asyncio.test_tasks
+test_asyncio.test_transports
+test_asyncio.test_unix_events
+test_asyncio.test_windows_events
+test_asyncio.test_windows_utils
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncore.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncore.py
index 5d0632ef26..084d247295 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncore.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncore.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
 
+TIMEOUT = 3
 HAS_UNIX_SOCKETS = hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX')
 
 class dummysocket:
@@ -395,7 +396,10 @@ class DispatcherWithSendTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
             self.assertEqual(cap.getvalue(), data*2)
         finally:
-            t.join()
+            t.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+            if t.is_alive():
+                self.fail("join() timed out")
+
 
 
 class DispatcherWithSendTests_UsePoll(DispatcherWithSendTests):
@@ -740,7 +744,12 @@ class BaseTestAPI:
         s.create_socket(self.family)
         self.assertEqual(s.socket.family, self.family)
         SOCK_NONBLOCK = getattr(socket, 'SOCK_NONBLOCK', 0)
-        self.assertEqual(s.socket.type, socket.SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK)
+        sock_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK
+        if hasattr(socket, 'SOCK_CLOEXEC'):
+            self.assertIn(s.socket.type,
+                          (sock_type | socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC, sock_type))
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(s.socket.type, sock_type)
 
     def test_bind(self):
         if HAS_UNIX_SOCKETS and self.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
@@ -754,7 +763,7 @@ class BaseTestAPI:
         s2 = asyncore.dispatcher()
         s2.create_socket(self.family)
         # EADDRINUSE indicates the socket was correctly bound
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, s2.bind, (self.addr[0], port))
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, s2.bind, (self.addr[0], port))
 
     def test_set_reuse_addr(self):
         if HAS_UNIX_SOCKETS and self.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
@@ -762,7 +771,7 @@ class BaseTestAPI:
         sock = socket.socket(self.family)
         try:
             sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             unittest.skip("SO_REUSEADDR not supported on this platform")
         else:
             # if SO_REUSEADDR succeeded for sock we expect asyncore
@@ -787,7 +796,11 @@ class BaseTestAPI:
             t = threading.Thread(target=lambda: asyncore.loop(timeout=0.1,
                                                               count=500))
             t.start()
-            self.addCleanup(t.join)
+            def cleanup():
+                t.join(timeout=TIMEOUT)
+                if t.is_alive():
+                    self.fail("join() timed out")
+            self.addCleanup(cleanup)
 
             s = socket.socket(self.family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
             s.settimeout(.2)
@@ -795,7 +808,7 @@ class BaseTestAPI:
                          struct.pack('ii', 1, 0))
             try:
                 s.connect(server.address)
-            except socket.error:
+            except OSError:
                 pass
             finally:
                 s.close()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_atexit.py b/Lib/test/test_atexit.py
index 30c3b4a07b..70d2f1cf54 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_atexit.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_atexit.py
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ def raise1():
 def raise2():
     raise SystemError
 
-class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class GeneralTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
     def setUp(self):
         self.save_stdout = sys.stdout
         self.save_stderr = sys.stderr
@@ -141,8 +143,43 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(l, [5])
 
 
+class SubinterpreterTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_callbacks_leak(self):
+        # This test shows a leak in refleak mode if atexit doesn't
+        # take care to free callbacks in its per-subinterpreter module
+        # state.
+        n = atexit._ncallbacks()
+        code = r"""if 1:
+            import atexit
+            def f():
+                pass
+            atexit.register(f)
+            del atexit
+            """
+        ret = support.run_in_subinterp(code)
+        self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(atexit._ncallbacks(), n)
+
+    def test_callbacks_leak_refcycle(self):
+        # Similar to the above, but with a refcycle through the atexit
+        # module.
+        n = atexit._ncallbacks()
+        code = r"""if 1:
+            import atexit
+            def f():
+                pass
+            atexit.register(f)
+            atexit.__atexit = atexit
+            """
+        ret = support.run_in_subinterp(code)
+        self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(atexit._ncallbacks(), n)
+
+
 def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(TestCase)
+    support.run_unittest(__name__)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_audioop.py b/Lib/test/test_audioop.py
index a92cf874bd..879adea2b8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_audioop.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_audioop.py
@@ -5,13 +5,18 @@ import unittest
 def pack(width, data):
     return b''.join(v.to_bytes(width, sys.byteorder, signed=True) for v in data)
 
-packs = {w: (lambda *data, width=w: pack(width, data)) for w in (1, 2, 4)}
-maxvalues = {w: (1 << (8 * w - 1)) - 1 for w in (1, 2, 4)}
-minvalues = {w: -1 << (8 * w - 1) for w in (1, 2, 4)}
+def unpack(width, data):
+    return [int.from_bytes(data[i: i + width], sys.byteorder, signed=True)
+            for i in range(0, len(data), width)]
+
+packs = {w: (lambda *data, width=w: pack(width, data)) for w in (1, 2, 3, 4)}
+maxvalues = {w: (1 << (8 * w - 1)) - 1 for w in (1, 2, 3, 4)}
+minvalues = {w: -1 << (8 * w - 1) for w in (1, 2, 3, 4)}
 
 datas = {
     1: b'\x00\x12\x45\xbb\x7f\x80\xff',
     2: packs[2](0, 0x1234, 0x4567, -0x4567, 0x7fff, -0x8000, -1),
+    3: packs[3](0, 0x123456, 0x456789, -0x456789, 0x7fffff, -0x800000, -1),
     4: packs[4](0, 0x12345678, 0x456789ab, -0x456789ab,
                 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000, -1),
 }
@@ -19,6 +24,7 @@ datas = {
 INVALID_DATA = [
     (b'abc', 0),
     (b'abc', 2),
+    (b'ab', 3),
     (b'abc', 4),
 ]
 
@@ -26,8 +32,10 @@ INVALID_DATA = [
 class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_max(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.max(b'', w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.max(bytearray(), w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.max(memoryview(b''), w), 0)
             p = packs[w]
             self.assertEqual(audioop.max(p(5), w), 5)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.max(p(5, -8, -1), w), 8)
@@ -36,9 +44,13 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(audioop.max(datas[w], w), -minvalues[w])
 
     def test_minmax(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.minmax(b'', w),
                              (0x7fffffff, -0x80000000))
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.minmax(bytearray(), w),
+                             (0x7fffffff, -0x80000000))
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.minmax(memoryview(b''), w),
+                             (0x7fffffff, -0x80000000))
             p = packs[w]
             self.assertEqual(audioop.minmax(p(5), w), (5, 5))
             self.assertEqual(audioop.minmax(p(5, -8, -1), w), (-8, 5))
@@ -50,16 +62,20 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
                              (minvalues[w], maxvalues[w]))
 
     def test_maxpp(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.maxpp(b'', w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.maxpp(bytearray(), w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.maxpp(memoryview(b''), w), 0)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.maxpp(packs[w](*range(100)), w), 0)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.maxpp(packs[w](9, 10, 5, 5, 0, 1), w), 10)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.maxpp(datas[w], w),
                              maxvalues[w] - minvalues[w])
 
     def test_avg(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.avg(b'', w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.avg(bytearray(), w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.avg(memoryview(b''), w), 0)
             p = packs[w]
             self.assertEqual(audioop.avg(p(5), w), 5)
             self .assertEqual(audioop.avg(p(5, 8), w), 6)
@@ -74,17 +90,22 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
                          -0x60000000)
 
     def test_avgpp(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(b'', w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(bytearray(), w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(memoryview(b''), w), 0)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(packs[w](*range(100)), w), 0)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(packs[w](9, 10, 5, 5, 0, 1), w), 10)
         self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(datas[1], 1), 196)
         self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(datas[2], 2), 50534)
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(datas[3], 3), 12937096)
         self.assertEqual(audioop.avgpp(datas[4], 4), 3311897002)
 
     def test_rms(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(b'', w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(bytearray(), w), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(memoryview(b''), w), 0)
             p = packs[w]
             self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(p(*range(100)), w), 57)
             self.assertAlmostEqual(audioop.rms(p(maxvalues[w]) * 5, w),
@@ -93,11 +114,14 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
                                    -minvalues[w], delta=1)
         self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(datas[1], 1), 77)
         self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(datas[2], 2), 20001)
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(datas[3], 3), 5120523)
         self.assertEqual(audioop.rms(datas[4], 4), 1310854152)
 
     def test_cross(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.cross(b'', w), -1)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.cross(bytearray(), w), -1)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.cross(memoryview(b''), w), -1)
             p = packs[w]
             self.assertEqual(audioop.cross(p(0, 1, 2), w), 0)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.cross(p(1, 2, -3, -4), w), 1)
@@ -106,22 +130,29 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(audioop.cross(p(minvalues[w], maxvalues[w]), w), 1)
 
     def test_add(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.add(b'', b'', w), b'')
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.add(bytearray(), bytearray(), w), b'')
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.add(memoryview(b''), memoryview(b''), w), b'')
             self.assertEqual(audioop.add(datas[w], b'\0' * len(datas[w]), w),
                              datas[w])
         self.assertEqual(audioop.add(datas[1], datas[1], 1),
                          b'\x00\x24\x7f\x80\x7f\x80\xfe')
         self.assertEqual(audioop.add(datas[2], datas[2], 2),
                 packs[2](0, 0x2468, 0x7fff, -0x8000, 0x7fff, -0x8000, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.add(datas[3], datas[3], 3),
+                packs[3](0, 0x2468ac, 0x7fffff, -0x800000,
+                       0x7fffff, -0x800000, -2))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.add(datas[4], datas[4], 4),
                 packs[4](0, 0x2468acf0, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000,
                        0x7fffffff, -0x80000000, -2))
 
     def test_bias(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             for bias in 0, 1, -1, 127, -128, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000:
                 self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(b'', w, bias), b'')
+                self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(bytearray(), w, bias), b'')
+                self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(memoryview(b''), w, bias), b'')
         self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[1], 1, 1),
                          b'\x01\x13\x46\xbc\x80\x81\x00')
         self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[1], 1, -1),
@@ -138,6 +169,17 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
                 packs[2](-1, 0x1233, 0x4566, -0x4568, 0x7ffe, 0x7fff, -2))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[2], 2, -0x80000000),
                 datas[2])
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[3], 3, 1),
+                packs[3](1, 0x123457, 0x45678a, -0x456788,
+                         -0x800000, -0x7fffff, 0))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[3], 3, -1),
+                packs[3](-1, 0x123455, 0x456788, -0x45678a,
+                         0x7ffffe, 0x7fffff, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[3], 3, 0x7fffffff),
+                packs[3](-1, 0x123455, 0x456788, -0x45678a,
+                         0x7ffffe, 0x7fffff, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[3], 3, -0x80000000),
+                datas[3])
         self.assertEqual(audioop.bias(datas[4], 4, 1),
                 packs[4](1, 0x12345679, 0x456789ac, -0x456789aa,
                          -0x80000000, -0x7fffffff, 0))
@@ -152,99 +194,146 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
                          -1, 0, 0x7fffffff))
 
     def test_lin2lin(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[w], w, w), datas[w])
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(bytearray(datas[w]), w, w),
+                             datas[w])
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(memoryview(datas[w]), w, w),
+                             datas[w])
 
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[1], 1, 2),
             packs[2](0, 0x1200, 0x4500, -0x4500, 0x7f00, -0x8000, -0x100))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[1], 1, 3),
+            packs[3](0, 0x120000, 0x450000, -0x450000,
+                     0x7f0000, -0x800000, -0x10000))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[1], 1, 4),
             packs[4](0, 0x12000000, 0x45000000, -0x45000000,
                      0x7f000000, -0x80000000, -0x1000000))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[2], 2, 1),
             b'\x00\x12\x45\xba\x7f\x80\xff')
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[2], 2, 3),
+            packs[3](0, 0x123400, 0x456700, -0x456700,
+                     0x7fff00, -0x800000, -0x100))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[2], 2, 4),
             packs[4](0, 0x12340000, 0x45670000, -0x45670000,
                      0x7fff0000, -0x80000000, -0x10000))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[3], 3, 1),
+            b'\x00\x12\x45\xba\x7f\x80\xff')
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[3], 3, 2),
+            packs[2](0, 0x1234, 0x4567, -0x4568, 0x7fff, -0x8000, -1))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[3], 3, 4),
+            packs[4](0, 0x12345600, 0x45678900, -0x45678900,
+                     0x7fffff00, -0x80000000, -0x100))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[4], 4, 1),
             b'\x00\x12\x45\xba\x7f\x80\xff')
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[4], 4, 2),
             packs[2](0, 0x1234, 0x4567, -0x4568, 0x7fff, -0x8000, -1))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2lin(datas[4], 4, 3),
+            packs[3](0, 0x123456, 0x456789, -0x45678a,
+                     0x7fffff, -0x800000, -1))
 
     def test_adpcm2lin(self):
         self.assertEqual(audioop.adpcm2lin(b'\x07\x7f\x7f', 1, None),
                          (b'\x00\x00\x00\xff\x00\xff', (-179, 40)))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.adpcm2lin(bytearray(b'\x07\x7f\x7f'), 1, None),
+                         (b'\x00\x00\x00\xff\x00\xff', (-179, 40)))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.adpcm2lin(memoryview(b'\x07\x7f\x7f'), 1, None),
+                         (b'\x00\x00\x00\xff\x00\xff', (-179, 40)))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.adpcm2lin(b'\x07\x7f\x7f', 2, None),
                          (packs[2](0, 0xb, 0x29, -0x16, 0x72, -0xb3), (-179, 40)))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.adpcm2lin(b'\x07\x7f\x7f', 3, None),
+                         (packs[3](0, 0xb00, 0x2900, -0x1600, 0x7200,
+                                   -0xb300), (-179, 40)))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.adpcm2lin(b'\x07\x7f\x7f', 4, None),
                          (packs[4](0, 0xb0000, 0x290000, -0x160000, 0x720000,
                                    -0xb30000), (-179, 40)))
 
         # Very cursory test
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.adpcm2lin(b'\0' * 5, w, None),
                              (b'\0' * w * 10, (0, 0)))
 
     def test_lin2adpcm(self):
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2adpcm(datas[1], 1, None),
                          (b'\x07\x7f\x7f', (-221, 39)))
-        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2adpcm(datas[2], 2, None),
-                         (b'\x07\x7f\x7f', (31, 39)))
-        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2adpcm(datas[4], 4, None),
-                         (b'\x07\x7f\x7f', (31, 39)))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2adpcm(bytearray(datas[1]), 1, None),
+                         (b'\x07\x7f\x7f', (-221, 39)))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2adpcm(memoryview(datas[1]), 1, None),
+                         (b'\x07\x7f\x7f', (-221, 39)))
+        for w in 2, 3, 4:
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2adpcm(datas[w], w, None),
+                             (b'\x07\x7f\x7f', (31, 39)))
 
         # Very cursory test
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2adpcm(b'\0' * w * 10, w, None),
                              (b'\0' * 5, (0, 0)))
 
+    def test_invalid_adpcm_state(self):
+        # state must be a tuple or None, not an integer
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.adpcm2lin, b'\0', 1, 555)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.lin2adpcm, b'\0', 1, 555)
+
     def test_lin2alaw(self):
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2alaw(datas[1], 1),
                          b'\xd5\x87\xa4\x24\xaa\x2a\x5a')
-        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2alaw(datas[2], 2),
-                         b'\xd5\x87\xa4\x24\xaa\x2a\x55')
-        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2alaw(datas[4], 4),
-                         b'\xd5\x87\xa4\x24\xaa\x2a\x55')
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2alaw(bytearray(datas[1]), 1),
+                         b'\xd5\x87\xa4\x24\xaa\x2a\x5a')
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2alaw(memoryview(datas[1]), 1),
+                         b'\xd5\x87\xa4\x24\xaa\x2a\x5a')
+        for w in 2, 3, 4:
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2alaw(datas[w], w),
+                             b'\xd5\x87\xa4\x24\xaa\x2a\x55')
 
     def test_alaw2lin(self):
         encoded = b'\x00\x03\x24\x2a\x51\x54\x55\x58\x6b\x71\x7f'\
                   b'\x80\x83\xa4\xaa\xd1\xd4\xd5\xd8\xeb\xf1\xff'
         src = [-688, -720, -2240, -4032, -9, -3, -1, -27, -244, -82, -106,
                688, 720, 2240, 4032, 9, 3, 1, 27, 244, 82, 106]
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
-            self.assertEqual(audioop.alaw2lin(encoded, w),
-                             packs[w](*(x << (w * 8) >> 13 for x in src)))
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
+            decoded = packs[w](*(x << (w * 8) >> 13 for x in src))
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.alaw2lin(encoded, w), decoded)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.alaw2lin(bytearray(encoded), w), decoded)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.alaw2lin(memoryview(encoded), w), decoded)
 
         encoded = bytes(range(256))
-        for w in 2, 4:
+        for w in 2, 3, 4:
             decoded = audioop.alaw2lin(encoded, w)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2alaw(decoded, w), encoded)
 
     def test_lin2ulaw(self):
         self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2ulaw(datas[1], 1),
                          b'\xff\xad\x8e\x0e\x80\x00\x67')
-        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2ulaw(datas[2], 2),
-                         b'\xff\xad\x8e\x0e\x80\x00\x7e')
-        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2ulaw(datas[4], 4),
-                         b'\xff\xad\x8e\x0e\x80\x00\x7e')
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2ulaw(bytearray(datas[1]), 1),
+                         b'\xff\xad\x8e\x0e\x80\x00\x67')
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2ulaw(memoryview(datas[1]), 1),
+                         b'\xff\xad\x8e\x0e\x80\x00\x67')
+        for w in 2, 3, 4:
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2ulaw(datas[w], w),
+                             b'\xff\xad\x8e\x0e\x80\x00\x7e')
 
     def test_ulaw2lin(self):
         encoded = b'\x00\x0e\x28\x3f\x57\x6a\x76\x7c\x7e\x7f'\
                   b'\x80\x8e\xa8\xbf\xd7\xea\xf6\xfc\xfe\xff'
         src = [-8031, -4447, -1471, -495, -163, -53, -18, -6, -2, 0,
                8031, 4447, 1471, 495, 163, 53, 18, 6, 2, 0]
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
-            self.assertEqual(audioop.ulaw2lin(encoded, w),
-                             packs[w](*(x << (w * 8) >> 14 for x in src)))
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
+            decoded = packs[w](*(x << (w * 8) >> 14 for x in src))
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.ulaw2lin(encoded, w), decoded)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.ulaw2lin(bytearray(encoded), w), decoded)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.ulaw2lin(memoryview(encoded), w), decoded)
 
         # Current u-law implementation has two codes fo 0: 0x7f and 0xff.
         encoded = bytes(range(127)) + bytes(range(128, 256))
-        for w in 2, 4:
+        for w in 2, 3, 4:
             decoded = audioop.ulaw2lin(encoded, w)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.lin2ulaw(decoded, w), encoded)
 
     def test_mul(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(b'', w, 2), b'')
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(bytearray(), w, 2), b'')
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(memoryview(b''), w, 2), b'')
             self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(datas[w], w, 0),
                              b'\0' * len(datas[w]))
             self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(datas[w], w, 1),
@@ -253,14 +342,21 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
                          b'\x00\x24\x7f\x80\x7f\x80\xfe')
         self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(datas[2], 2, 2),
                 packs[2](0, 0x2468, 0x7fff, -0x8000, 0x7fff, -0x8000, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(datas[3], 3, 2),
+                packs[3](0, 0x2468ac, 0x7fffff, -0x800000,
+                         0x7fffff, -0x800000, -2))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.mul(datas[4], 4, 2),
                 packs[4](0, 0x2468acf0, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000,
                          0x7fffffff, -0x80000000, -2))
 
     def test_ratecv(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.ratecv(b'', w, 1, 8000, 8000, None),
                              (b'', (-1, ((0, 0),))))
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.ratecv(bytearray(), w, 1, 8000, 8000, None),
+                             (b'', (-1, ((0, 0),))))
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.ratecv(memoryview(b''), w, 1, 8000, 8000, None),
+                             (b'', (-1, ((0, 0),))))
             self.assertEqual(audioop.ratecv(b'', w, 5, 8000, 8000, None),
                              (b'', (-1, ((0, 0),) * 5)))
             self.assertEqual(audioop.ratecv(b'', w, 1, 8000, 16000, None),
@@ -272,7 +368,7 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
         d2, state = audioop.ratecv(b'\x00\x01\x02', 1, 1, 8000, 16000, state)
         self.assertEqual(d1 + d2, b'\000\000\001\001\002\001\000\000\001\001\002')
 
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             d0, state0 = audioop.ratecv(datas[w], w, 1, 8000, 16000, None)
             d, state = b'', None
             for i in range(0, len(datas[w]), w):
@@ -283,13 +379,15 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(state, state0)
 
     def test_reverse(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             self.assertEqual(audioop.reverse(b'', w), b'')
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.reverse(bytearray(), w), b'')
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.reverse(memoryview(b''), w), b'')
             self.assertEqual(audioop.reverse(packs[w](0, 1, 2), w),
                              packs[w](2, 1, 0))
 
     def test_tomono(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             data1 = datas[w]
             data2 = bytearray(2 * len(data1))
             for k in range(w):
@@ -299,9 +397,13 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
             for k in range(w):
                 data2[k+w::2*w] = data1[k::w]
             self.assertEqual(audioop.tomono(data2, w, 0.5, 0.5), data1)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.tomono(bytearray(data2), w, 0.5, 0.5),
+                             data1)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.tomono(memoryview(data2), w, 0.5, 0.5),
+                             data1)
 
     def test_tostereo(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             data1 = datas[w]
             data2 = bytearray(2 * len(data1))
             for k in range(w):
@@ -311,14 +413,25 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
             for k in range(w):
                 data2[k+w::2*w] = data1[k::w]
             self.assertEqual(audioop.tostereo(data1, w, 1, 1), data2)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.tostereo(bytearray(data1), w, 1, 1), data2)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.tostereo(memoryview(data1), w, 1, 1),
+                             data2)
 
     def test_findfactor(self):
         self.assertEqual(audioop.findfactor(datas[2], datas[2]), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.findfactor(bytearray(datas[2]),
+                                            bytearray(datas[2])), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.findfactor(memoryview(datas[2]),
+                                            memoryview(datas[2])), 1.0)
         self.assertEqual(audioop.findfactor(b'\0' * len(datas[2]), datas[2]),
                          0.0)
 
     def test_findfit(self):
         self.assertEqual(audioop.findfit(datas[2], datas[2]), (0, 1.0))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.findfit(bytearray(datas[2]),
+                                         bytearray(datas[2])), (0, 1.0))
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.findfit(memoryview(datas[2]),
+                                         memoryview(datas[2])), (0, 1.0))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.findfit(datas[2], packs[2](1, 2, 0)),
                          (1, 8038.8))
         self.assertEqual(audioop.findfit(datas[2][:-2] * 5 + datas[2], datas[2]),
@@ -326,16 +439,37 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_findmax(self):
         self.assertEqual(audioop.findmax(datas[2], 1), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.findmax(bytearray(datas[2]), 1), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(audioop.findmax(memoryview(datas[2]), 1), 5)
 
     def test_getsample(self):
-        for w in 1, 2, 4:
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
             data = packs[w](0, 1, -1, maxvalues[w], minvalues[w])
             self.assertEqual(audioop.getsample(data, w, 0), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.getsample(bytearray(data), w, 0), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.getsample(memoryview(data), w, 0), 0)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.getsample(data, w, 1), 1)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.getsample(data, w, 2), -1)
             self.assertEqual(audioop.getsample(data, w, 3), maxvalues[w])
             self.assertEqual(audioop.getsample(data, w, 4), minvalues[w])
 
+    def test_byteswap(self):
+        swapped_datas = {
+            1: datas[1],
+            2: packs[2](0, 0x3412, 0x6745, -0x6646, -0x81, 0x80, -1),
+            3: packs[3](0, 0x563412, -0x7698bb, 0x7798ba, -0x81, 0x80, -1),
+            4: packs[4](0, 0x78563412, -0x547698bb, 0x557698ba,
+                        -0x81, 0x80, -1),
+        }
+        for w in 1, 2, 3, 4:
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.byteswap(b'', w), b'')
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.byteswap(datas[w], w), swapped_datas[w])
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.byteswap(swapped_datas[w], w), datas[w])
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.byteswap(bytearray(datas[w]), w),
+                             swapped_datas[w])
+            self.assertEqual(audioop.byteswap(memoryview(datas[w]), w),
+                             swapped_datas[w])
+
     def test_negativelen(self):
         # from issue 3306, previously it segfaulted
         self.assertRaises(audioop.error,
@@ -365,10 +499,33 @@ class TestAudioop(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertRaises(audioop.error, audioop.lin2alaw, data, size)
             self.assertRaises(audioop.error, audioop.lin2adpcm, data, size, state)
 
+    def test_string(self):
+        data = 'abcd'
+        size = 2
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.getsample, data, size, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.max, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.minmax, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.avg, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.rms, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.avgpp, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.maxpp, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.cross, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.mul, data, size, 1.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.tomono, data, size, 0.5, 0.5)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.tostereo, data, size, 0.5, 0.5)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.add, data, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.bias, data, size, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.reverse, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.lin2lin, data, size, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.ratecv, data, size, 1, 1, 1, None)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.lin2ulaw, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.lin2alaw, data, size)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, audioop.lin2adpcm, data, size, None)
+
     def test_wrongsize(self):
         data = b'abcdefgh'
         state = None
-        for size in (-1, 0, 3, 5, 1024):
+        for size in (-1, 0, 5, 1024):
             self.assertRaises(audioop.error, audioop.ulaw2lin, data, size)
             self.assertRaises(audioop.error, audioop.alaw2lin, data, size)
             self.assertRaises(audioop.error, audioop.adpcm2lin, data, size, state)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_base64.py b/Lib/test/test_base64.py
index 13695de67e..b9738ddaf5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_base64.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_base64.py
@@ -5,10 +5,21 @@ import binascii
 import os
 import sys
 import subprocess
-
+import struct
+from array import array
 
 
 class LegacyBase64TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    # Legacy API is not as permissive as the modern API
+    def check_type_errors(self, f):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, "")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, [])
+        multidimensional = memoryview(b"1234").cast('B', (2, 2))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, multidimensional)
+        int_data = memoryview(b"1234").cast('I')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, int_data)
+
     def test_encodebytes(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
         eq(base64.encodebytes(b"www.python.org"), b"d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc=\n")
@@ -24,7 +35,9 @@ class LegacyBase64TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
            b"Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ==\n")
         # Non-bytes
         eq(base64.encodebytes(bytearray(b'abc')), b'YWJj\n')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.encodebytes, "")
+        eq(base64.encodebytes(memoryview(b'abc')), b'YWJj\n')
+        eq(base64.encodebytes(array('B', b'abc')), b'YWJj\n')
+        self.check_type_errors(base64.encodebytes)
 
     def test_decodebytes(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
@@ -41,7 +54,9 @@ class LegacyBase64TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         eq(base64.decodebytes(b''), b'')
         # Non-bytes
         eq(base64.decodebytes(bytearray(b'YWJj\n')), b'abc')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.decodebytes, "")
+        eq(base64.decodebytes(memoryview(b'YWJj\n')), b'abc')
+        eq(base64.decodebytes(array('B', b'YWJj\n')), b'abc')
+        self.check_type_errors(base64.decodebytes)
 
     def test_encode(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
@@ -73,6 +88,42 @@ class LegacyBase64TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    # Modern API completely ignores exported dimension and format data and
+    # treats any buffer as a stream of bytes
+    def check_encode_type_errors(self, f):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, "")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, [])
+
+    def check_decode_type_errors(self, f):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, [])
+
+    def check_other_types(self, f, bytes_data, expected):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+        b = bytearray(bytes_data)
+        eq(f(b), expected)
+        # The bytearray wasn't mutated
+        eq(b, bytes_data)
+        eq(f(memoryview(bytes_data)), expected)
+        eq(f(array('B', bytes_data)), expected)
+        # XXX why is b64encode hardcoded here?
+        self.check_nonbyte_element_format(base64.b64encode, bytes_data)
+        self.check_multidimensional(base64.b64encode, bytes_data)
+
+    def check_multidimensional(self, f, data):
+        padding = b"\x00" if len(data) % 2 else b""
+        bytes_data = data + padding # Make sure cast works
+        shape = (len(bytes_data) // 2, 2)
+        multidimensional = memoryview(bytes_data).cast('B', shape)
+        self.assertEqual(f(multidimensional), f(bytes_data))
+
+    def check_nonbyte_element_format(self, f, data):
+        padding = b"\x00" * ((4 - len(data)) % 4)
+        bytes_data = data + padding # Make sure cast works
+        int_data = memoryview(bytes_data).cast('I')
+        self.assertEqual(f(int_data), f(bytes_data))
+
+
     def test_b64encode(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
         # Test default alphabet
@@ -90,13 +141,16 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
            b"Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ==")
         # Test with arbitrary alternative characters
         eq(base64.b64encode(b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d', altchars=b'*$'), b'01a*b$cd')
-        # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.b64encode(bytearray(b'abcd')), b'YWJjZA==')
         eq(base64.b64encode(b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d', altchars=bytearray(b'*$')),
            b'01a*b$cd')
-        # Check if passing a str object raises an error
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.b64encode, "")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.b64encode, b"", altchars="")
+        eq(base64.b64encode(b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d', altchars=memoryview(b'*$')),
+           b'01a*b$cd')
+        eq(base64.b64encode(b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d', altchars=array('B', b'*$')),
+           b'01a*b$cd')
+        # Non-bytes
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b64encode, b'abcd', b'YWJjZA==')
+        self.check_encode_type_errors(base64.b64encode)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.b64encode, b"", altchars="*$")
         # Test standard alphabet
         eq(base64.standard_b64encode(b"www.python.org"), b"d3d3LnB5dGhvbi5vcmc=")
         eq(base64.standard_b64encode(b"a"), b"YQ==")
@@ -110,15 +164,15 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
            b"RUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWjAxMjM0NT"
            b"Y3ODkhQCMwXiYqKCk7Ojw+LC4gW117fQ==")
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.standard_b64encode(bytearray(b'abcd')), b'YWJjZA==')
-        # Check if passing a str object raises an error
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.standard_b64encode, "")
+        self.check_other_types(base64.standard_b64encode,
+                               b'abcd', b'YWJjZA==')
+        self.check_encode_type_errors(base64.standard_b64encode)
         # Test with 'URL safe' alternative characters
         eq(base64.urlsafe_b64encode(b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d'), b'01a-b_cd')
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64encode(bytearray(b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')), b'01a-b_cd')
-        # Check if passing a str object raises an error
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.urlsafe_b64encode, "")
+        self.check_other_types(base64.urlsafe_b64encode,
+                               b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d', b'01a-b_cd')
+        self.check_encode_type_errors(base64.urlsafe_b64encode)
 
     def test_b64decode(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
@@ -141,7 +195,8 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             eq(base64.b64decode(data), res)
             eq(base64.b64decode(data.decode('ascii')), res)
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.b64decode(bytearray(b"YWJj")), b"abc")
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b64decode, b"YWJj", b"abc")
+        self.check_decode_type_errors(base64.b64decode)
 
         # Test with arbitrary alternative characters
         tests_altchars = {(b'01a*b$cd', b'*$'): b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d',
@@ -160,7 +215,8 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             eq(base64.standard_b64decode(data), res)
             eq(base64.standard_b64decode(data.decode('ascii')), res)
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.standard_b64decode(bytearray(b"YWJj")), b"abc")
+        self.check_other_types(base64.standard_b64decode, b"YWJj", b"abc")
+        self.check_decode_type_errors(base64.standard_b64decode)
 
         # Test with 'URL safe' alternative characters
         tests_urlsafe = {b'01a-b_cd': b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d',
@@ -170,7 +226,9 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data), res)
             eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data.decode('ascii')), res)
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(bytearray(b'01a-b_cd')), b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
+        self.check_other_types(base64.urlsafe_b64decode, b'01a-b_cd',
+                               b'\xd3V\xbeo\xf7\x1d')
+        self.check_decode_type_errors(base64.urlsafe_b64decode)
 
     def test_b64decode_padding_error(self):
         self.assertRaises(binascii.Error, base64.b64decode, b'abc')
@@ -205,8 +263,8 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         eq(base64.b32encode(b'abcd'), b'MFRGGZA=')
         eq(base64.b32encode(b'abcde'), b'MFRGGZDF')
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.b32encode(bytearray(b'abcd')), b'MFRGGZA=')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.b32encode, "")
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b32encode, b'abcd', b'MFRGGZA=')
+        self.check_encode_type_errors(base64.b32encode)
 
     def test_b32decode(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
@@ -222,7 +280,8 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             eq(base64.b32decode(data), res)
             eq(base64.b32decode(data.decode('ascii')), res)
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.b32decode(bytearray(b'MFRGG===')), b'abc')
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b32decode, b'MFRGG===', b"abc")
+        self.check_decode_type_errors(base64.b32decode)
 
     def test_b32decode_casefold(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
@@ -277,8 +336,9 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         eq(base64.b16encode(b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef'), b'0102ABCDEF')
         eq(base64.b16encode(b'\x00'), b'00')
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.b16encode(bytearray(b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')), b'0102ABCDEF')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.b16encode, "")
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b16encode, b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef',
+                               b'0102ABCDEF')
+        self.check_encode_type_errors(base64.b16encode)
 
     def test_b16decode(self):
         eq = self.assertEqual
@@ -293,14 +353,268 @@ class BaseXYTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         eq(base64.b16decode(b'0102abcdef', True), b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')
         eq(base64.b16decode('0102abcdef', True), b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')
         # Non-bytes
-        eq(base64.b16decode(bytearray(b"0102ABCDEF")), b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b16decode, b"0102ABCDEF",
+                               b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')
+        self.check_decode_type_errors(base64.b16decode)
+        eq(base64.b16decode(bytearray(b"0102abcdef"), True),
+           b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')
+        eq(base64.b16decode(memoryview(b"0102abcdef"), True),
+           b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')
+        eq(base64.b16decode(array('B', b"0102abcdef"), True),
+           b'\x01\x02\xab\xcd\xef')
+
+    def test_a85encode(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        tests = {
+            b'': b'',
+            b"www.python.org": b'GB\\6`E-ZP=Df.1GEb>',
+            bytes(range(255)): b"""!!*-'"9eu7#RLhG$k3[W&.oNg'GVB"(`=52*$$"""
+               b"""(B+<_pR,UFcb-n-Vr/1iJ-0JP==1c70M3&s#]4?Ykm5X@_(6q'R884cE"""
+               b"""H9MJ8X:f1+h<)lt#=BSg3>[:ZC?t!MSA7]@cBPD3sCi+'.E,fo>FEMbN"""
+               b"""G^4U^I!pHnJ:W<)KS>/9Ll%"IN/`jYOHG]iPa.Q$R$jD4S=Q7DTV8*TU"""
+               b"""nsrdW2ZetXKAY/Yd(L?['d?O\\@K2_]Y2%o^qmn*`5Ta:aN;TJbg"GZd"""
+               b"""*^:jeCE.%f\\,!5gtgiEi8N\\UjQ5OekiqBum-X60nF?)@o_%qPq"ad`"""
+               b"""r;HT""",
+            b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                b"0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}":
+                b'@:E_WAS,RgBkhF"D/O92EH6,BF`qtRH$VbC6UX@47n?3D92&&T'
+                b":Jand;cHat='/U/0JP==1c70M3&r-I,;<FN.OZ`-3]oSW/g+A(H[P",
+            b"no padding..": b'DJpY:@:Wn_DJ(RS',
+            b"zero compression\0\0\0\0": b'H=_,8+Cf>,E,oN2F(oQ1z',
+            b"zero compression\0\0\0": b'H=_,8+Cf>,E,oN2F(oQ1!!!!',
+            b"Boundary:\0\0\0\0": b'6>q!aA79M(3WK-[!!',
+            b"Space compr:    ": b';fH/TAKYK$D/aMV+<VdL',
+            b'\xff': b'rr',
+            b'\xff'*2: b's8N',
+            b'\xff'*3: b's8W*',
+            b'\xff'*4: b's8W-!',
+            }
+
+        for data, res in tests.items():
+            eq(base64.a85encode(data), res, data)
+            eq(base64.a85encode(data, adobe=False), res, data)
+            eq(base64.a85encode(data, adobe=True), b'<~' + res + b'~>', data)
+
+        self.check_other_types(base64.a85encode, b"www.python.org",
+                               b'GB\\6`E-ZP=Df.1GEb>')
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, base64.a85encode, "")
+
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"www.python.org", wrapcol=7, adobe=False),
+           b'GB\\6`E-\nZP=Df.1\nGEb>')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"\0\0\0\0www.python.org", wrapcol=7, adobe=False),
+           b'zGB\\6`E\n-ZP=Df.\n1GEb>')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"www.python.org", wrapcol=7, adobe=True),
+           b'<~GB\\6`\nE-ZP=Df\n.1GEb>\n~>')
+
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b' '*8, foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b'yy')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b' '*7, foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b'y+<Vd')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b' '*6, foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b'y+<U')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b' '*5, foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b'y+9')
+
+    def test_b85encode(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        tests = {
+            b'': b'',
+            b'www.python.org': b'cXxL#aCvlSZ*DGca%T',
+            bytes(range(255)): b"""009C61O)~M2nh-c3=Iws5D^j+6crX17#SKH9337X"""
+                b"""AR!_nBqb&%C@Cr{EG;fCFflSSG&MFiI5|2yJUu=?KtV!7L`6nNNJ&ad"""
+                b"""OifNtP*GA-R8>}2SXo+ITwPvYU}0ioWMyV&XlZI|Y;A6DaB*^Tbai%j"""
+                b"""czJqze0_d@fPsR8goTEOh>41ejE#<ukdcy;l$Dm3n3<ZJoSmMZprN9p"""
+                b"""q@|{(sHv)}tgWuEu(7hUw6(UkxVgH!yuH4^z`?@9#Kp$P$jQpf%+1cv"""
+                b"""(9zP<)YaD4*xB0K+}+;a;Njxq<mKk)=;`X~?CtLF@bU8V^!4`l`1$(#"""
+                b"""{Qdp""",
+            b"""abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"""
+                b"""0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}""":
+                b"""VPa!sWoBn+X=-b1ZEkOHadLBXb#`}nd3r%YLqtVJM@UIZOH55pPf$@("""
+                b"""Q&d$}S6EqEFflSSG&MFiI5{CeBQRbjDkv#CIy^osE+AW7dwl""",
+            b'no padding..': b'Zf_uPVPs@!Zf7no',
+            b'zero compression\x00\x00\x00\x00': b'dS!BNAY*TBaB^jHb7^mG00000',
+            b'zero compression\x00\x00\x00': b'dS!BNAY*TBaB^jHb7^mG0000',
+            b"""Boundary:\x00\x00\x00\x00""": b"""LT`0$WMOi7IsgCw00""",
+            b'Space compr:    ': b'Q*dEpWgug3ZE$irARr(h',
+            b'\xff': b'{{',
+            b'\xff'*2: b'|Nj',
+            b'\xff'*3: b'|Ns9',
+            b'\xff'*4: b'|NsC0',
+        }
+
+        for data, res in tests.items():
+            eq(base64.b85encode(data), res)
+
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b85encode, b"www.python.org",
+                               b'cXxL#aCvlSZ*DGca%T')
+
+    def test_a85decode(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        tests = {
+            b'': b'',
+            b'GB\\6`E-ZP=Df.1GEb>': b'www.python.org',
+            b"""! ! * -'"\n\t\t9eu\r\n7#  RL\vhG$k3[W&.oNg'GVB"(`=52*$$"""
+               b"""(B+<_pR,UFcb-n-Vr/1iJ-0JP==1c70M3&s#]4?Ykm5X@_(6q'R884cE"""
+               b"""H9MJ8X:f1+h<)lt#=BSg3>[:ZC?t!MSA7]@cBPD3sCi+'.E,fo>FEMbN"""
+               b"""G^4U^I!pHnJ:W<)KS>/9Ll%"IN/`jYOHG]iPa.Q$R$jD4S=Q7DTV8*TU"""
+               b"""nsrdW2ZetXKAY/Yd(L?['d?O\\@K2_]Y2%o^qmn*`5Ta:aN;TJbg"GZd"""
+               b"""*^:jeCE.%f\\,!5gtgiEi8N\\UjQ5OekiqBum-X60nF?)@o_%qPq"ad`"""
+               b"""r;HT""": bytes(range(255)),
+            b"""@:E_WAS,RgBkhF"D/O92EH6,BF`qtRH$VbC6UX@47n?3D92&&T:Jand;c"""
+                b"""Hat='/U/0JP==1c70M3&r-I,;<FN.OZ`-3]oSW/g+A(H[P""":
+                b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234'
+                b'56789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}',
+            b'DJpY:@:Wn_DJ(RS': b'no padding..',
+            b'H=_,8+Cf>,E,oN2F(oQ1z': b'zero compression\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+            b'H=_,8+Cf>,E,oN2F(oQ1!!!!': b'zero compression\x00\x00\x00',
+            b'6>q!aA79M(3WK-[!!': b"Boundary:\x00\x00\x00\x00",
+            b';fH/TAKYK$D/aMV+<VdL': b'Space compr:    ',
+            b'rr': b'\xff',
+            b's8N': b'\xff'*2,
+            b's8W*': b'\xff'*3,
+            b's8W-!': b'\xff'*4,
+            }
+
+        for data, res in tests.items():
+            eq(base64.a85decode(data), res, data)
+            eq(base64.a85decode(data, adobe=False), res, data)
+            eq(base64.a85decode(data.decode("ascii"), adobe=False), res, data)
+            eq(base64.a85decode(b'<~' + data + b'~>', adobe=True), res, data)
+            eq(base64.a85decode('<~%s~>' % data.decode("ascii"), adobe=True),
+               res, data)
+
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'yy', foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b' '*8)
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'y+<Vd', foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b' '*7)
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'y+<U', foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b' '*6)
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'y+9', foldspaces=True, adobe=False), b' '*5)
+
+        self.check_other_types(base64.a85decode, b'GB\\6`E-ZP=Df.1GEb>',
+                               b"www.python.org")
+
+    def test_b85decode(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        tests = {
+            b'': b'',
+            b'cXxL#aCvlSZ*DGca%T': b'www.python.org',
+            b"""009C61O)~M2nh-c3=Iws5D^j+6crX17#SKH9337X"""
+                b"""AR!_nBqb&%C@Cr{EG;fCFflSSG&MFiI5|2yJUu=?KtV!7L`6nNNJ&ad"""
+                b"""OifNtP*GA-R8>}2SXo+ITwPvYU}0ioWMyV&XlZI|Y;A6DaB*^Tbai%j"""
+                b"""czJqze0_d@fPsR8goTEOh>41ejE#<ukdcy;l$Dm3n3<ZJoSmMZprN9p"""
+                b"""q@|{(sHv)}tgWuEu(7hUw6(UkxVgH!yuH4^z`?@9#Kp$P$jQpf%+1cv"""
+                b"""(9zP<)YaD4*xB0K+}+;a;Njxq<mKk)=;`X~?CtLF@bU8V^!4`l`1$(#"""
+                b"""{Qdp""": bytes(range(255)),
+            b"""VPa!sWoBn+X=-b1ZEkOHadLBXb#`}nd3r%YLqtVJM@UIZOH55pPf$@("""
+                b"""Q&d$}S6EqEFflSSG&MFiI5{CeBQRbjDkv#CIy^osE+AW7dwl""":
+                b"""abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"""
+                b"""0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}""",
+            b'Zf_uPVPs@!Zf7no': b'no padding..',
+            b'dS!BNAY*TBaB^jHb7^mG00000': b'zero compression\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+            b'dS!BNAY*TBaB^jHb7^mG0000': b'zero compression\x00\x00\x00',
+            b"""LT`0$WMOi7IsgCw00""": b"""Boundary:\x00\x00\x00\x00""",
+            b'Q*dEpWgug3ZE$irARr(h': b'Space compr:    ',
+            b'{{': b'\xff',
+            b'|Nj': b'\xff'*2,
+            b'|Ns9': b'\xff'*3,
+            b'|NsC0': b'\xff'*4,
+        }
+
+        for data, res in tests.items():
+            eq(base64.b85decode(data), res)
+            eq(base64.b85decode(data.decode("ascii")), res)
+
+        self.check_other_types(base64.b85decode, b'cXxL#aCvlSZ*DGca%T',
+                               b"www.python.org")
+
+    def test_a85_padding(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"x", pad=True), b'GQ7^D')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"xx", pad=True), b"G^'2g")
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"xxx", pad=True), b'G^+H5')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"xxxx", pad=True), b'G^+IX')
+        eq(base64.a85encode(b"xxxxx", pad=True), b'G^+IXGQ7^D')
+
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'GQ7^D'), b"x\x00\x00\x00")
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b"G^'2g"), b"xx\x00\x00")
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'G^+H5'), b"xxx\x00")
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'G^+IX'), b"xxxx")
+        eq(base64.a85decode(b'G^+IXGQ7^D'), b"xxxxx\x00\x00\x00")
+
+    def test_b85_padding(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        eq(base64.b85encode(b"x", pad=True), b'cmMzZ')
+        eq(base64.b85encode(b"xx", pad=True), b'cz6H+')
+        eq(base64.b85encode(b"xxx", pad=True), b'czAdK')
+        eq(base64.b85encode(b"xxxx", pad=True), b'czAet')
+        eq(base64.b85encode(b"xxxxx", pad=True), b'czAetcmMzZ')
+
+        eq(base64.b85decode(b'cmMzZ'), b"x\x00\x00\x00")
+        eq(base64.b85decode(b'cz6H+'), b"xx\x00\x00")
+        eq(base64.b85decode(b'czAdK'), b"xxx\x00")
+        eq(base64.b85decode(b'czAet'), b"xxxx")
+        eq(base64.b85decode(b'czAetcmMzZ'), b"xxxxx\x00\x00\x00")
+
+    def test_a85decode_errors(self):
+        illegal = (set(range(32)) | set(range(118, 256))) - set(b' \t\n\r\v')
+        for c in illegal:
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError, msg=bytes([c])):
+                base64.a85decode(b'!!!!' + bytes([c]))
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError, msg=bytes([c])):
+                base64.a85decode(b'!!!!' + bytes([c]), adobe=False)
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError, msg=bytes([c])):
+                base64.a85decode(b'<~!!!!' + bytes([c]) + b'~>', adobe=True)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"malformed", adobe=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"<~still malformed", adobe=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"also malformed~>", adobe=True)
+
+        # With adobe=False (the default), Adobe framing markers are disallowed
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"<~~>")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"<~~>", adobe=False)
+        base64.a85decode(b"<~~>", adobe=True)  # sanity check
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"abcx", adobe=False)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"abcdey", adobe=False)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode,
+                                      b"a b\nc", adobe=False, ignorechars=b"")
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode, b's', adobe=False)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode, b's8', adobe=False)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode, b's8W', adobe=False)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode, b's8W-', adobe=False)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.a85decode, b's8W-"', adobe=False)
+
+    def test_b85decode_errors(self):
+        illegal = list(range(33)) + \
+                  list(b'"\',./:[\\]') + \
+                  list(range(128, 256))
+        for c in illegal:
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError, msg=bytes([c])):
+                base64.b85decode(b'0000' + bytes([c]))
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.b85decode, b'|')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.b85decode, b'|N')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.b85decode, b'|Ns')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.b85decode, b'|NsC')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base64.b85decode, b'|NsC1')
 
     def test_decode_nonascii_str(self):
         decode_funcs = (base64.b64decode,
                         base64.standard_b64decode,
                         base64.urlsafe_b64decode,
                         base64.b32decode,
-                        base64.b16decode)
+                        base64.b16decode,
+                        base64.b85decode,
+                        base64.a85decode)
         for f in decode_funcs:
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, f, 'with non-ascii \xcb')
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bisect.py b/Lib/test/test_bisect.py
index 7b9bd19fcb..580a963f62 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bisect.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bisect.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ py_bisect = support.import_fresh_module('bisect', blocked=['_bisect'])
 c_bisect = support.import_fresh_module('bisect', fresh=['_bisect'])
 
 class Range(object):
-    """A trivial range()-like object without any integer width limitations."""
+    """A trivial range()-like object that has an insert() method."""
     def __init__(self, start, stop):
         self.start = start
         self.stop = stop
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ class TestBisect:
     def test_negative_lo(self):
         # Issue 3301
         mod = self.module
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.bisect_left, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3),
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.bisect_right, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3),
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.insort_left, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3),
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.insort_right, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3),
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.bisect_left, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.bisect_right, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.insort_left, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, mod.insort_right, [1, 2, 3], 5, -1, 3)
 
     def test_large_range(self):
         # Issue 13496
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_buffer.py b/Lib/test/test_buffer.py
index 04e3f61e89..1667847a9d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_buffer.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_buffer.py
@@ -4290,9 +4290,5 @@ class TestBufferProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(BufferError, memoryview, x)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(TestBufferProtocol)
-
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_builtin.py b/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
index c342a4329f..b561a6f73a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import unittest
 import warnings
 from operator import neg
 from test.support import TESTFN, unlink,  run_unittest, check_warnings
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 try:
     import pty, signal
 except ImportError:
@@ -464,6 +465,11 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, ())
         self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, bom[:2] + b'a')
 
+        class X:
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, eval, "foo", {}, X())
+
     def test_general_eval(self):
         # Tests that general mappings can be used for the locals argument
 
@@ -579,7 +585,10 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 raise frozendict_error("frozendict is readonly")
 
         # read-only builtins
-        frozen_builtins = frozendict(__builtins__)
+        if isinstance(__builtins__, types.ModuleType):
+            frozen_builtins = frozendict(__builtins__.__dict__)
+        else:
+            frozen_builtins = frozendict(__builtins__)
         code = compile("__builtins__['superglobal']=2; print(superglobal)", "test", "exec")
         self.assertRaises(frozendict_error,
                           exec, code, {'__builtins__': frozen_builtins})
@@ -839,8 +848,19 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(max(1, 2.0, 3), 3)
         self.assertEqual(max(1.0, 2, 3), 3)
 
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, max)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, max, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, max, ())
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, max, BadSeq())
+
         for stmt in (
             "max(key=int)",                 # no args
+            "max(default=None)",
+            "max(1, 2, default=None)",      # require container for default
+            "max(default=None, key=int)",
             "max(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable
             "max(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword
             "max(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords
@@ -857,6 +877,13 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(max((1,2), key=neg), 1)    # two elem iterable
         self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, key=neg), 1)     # two elems
 
+        self.assertEqual(max((), default=None), None)    # zero elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(max((1,), default=None), 1)     # one elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(max((1,2), default=None), 2)    # two elem iterable
+
+        self.assertEqual(max((), default=1, key=neg), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(max((1, 2), default=3, key=neg), 1)
+
         data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
         keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
         f = keys.__getitem__
@@ -883,6 +910,9 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         for stmt in (
             "min(key=int)",                 # no args
+            "min(default=None)",
+            "min(1, 2, default=None)",      # require container for default
+            "min(default=None, key=int)",
             "min(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable
             "min(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword
             "min(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords
@@ -899,6 +929,13 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(min((1,2), key=neg), 2)    # two elem iterable
         self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, key=neg), 2)     # two elems
 
+        self.assertEqual(min((), default=None), None)    # zero elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(min((1,), default=None), 1)     # one elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(min((1,2), default=None), 1)    # two elem iterable
+
+        self.assertEqual(min((), default=1, key=neg), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min((1, 2), default=1, key=neg), 2)
+
         data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
         keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
         f = keys.__getitem__
@@ -940,29 +977,25 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def write_testfile(self):
         # NB the first 4 lines are also used to test input, below
         fp = open(TESTFN, 'w')
-        try:
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
+        with fp:
             fp.write('1+1\n')
             fp.write('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')
             fp.write('.\n')
             fp.write('Dear John\n')
             fp.write('XXX'*100)
             fp.write('YYY'*100)
-        finally:
-            fp.close()
 
     def test_open(self):
         self.write_testfile()
         fp = open(TESTFN, 'r')
-        try:
+        with fp:
             self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n')
             self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n')
             self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), 'Dear')
             self.assertEqual(fp.readline(100), ' John\n')
             self.assertEqual(fp.read(300), 'XXX'*100)
             self.assertEqual(fp.read(1000), 'YYY'*100)
-        finally:
-            fp.close()
-            unlink(TESTFN)
 
     def test_open_default_encoding(self):
         old_environ = dict(os.environ)
@@ -977,15 +1010,17 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.write_testfile()
             current_locale_encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
             fp = open(TESTFN, 'w')
-            try:
+            with fp:
                 self.assertEqual(fp.encoding, current_locale_encoding)
-            finally:
-                fp.close()
-                unlink(TESTFN)
         finally:
             os.environ.clear()
             os.environ.update(old_environ)
 
+    def test_open_non_inheritable(self):
+        fileobj = open(__file__)
+        with fileobj:
+            self.assertFalse(os.get_inheritable(fileobj.fileno()))
+
     def test_ord(self):
         self.assertEqual(ord(' '), 32)
         self.assertEqual(ord('A'), 65)
@@ -1096,7 +1131,6 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
             sys.stdin = savestdin
             sys.stdout = savestdout
             fp.close()
-            unlink(TESTFN)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(pty, "the pty and signal modules must be available")
     def check_input_tty(self, prompt, terminal_input, stdio_encoding=None):
@@ -1476,17 +1510,11 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # --------------------------------------------------------------------
         # Issue #7994: object.__format__ with a non-empty format string is
         #  deprecated
-        def test_deprecated_format_string(obj, fmt_str, should_raise_warning):
-            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-                warnings.simplefilter("always", DeprecationWarning)
-                format(obj, fmt_str)
-            if should_raise_warning:
-                self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
-                self.assertIsInstance(w[0].message, DeprecationWarning)
-                self.assertIn('object.__format__ with a non-empty format '
-                              'string', str(w[0].message))
+        def test_deprecated_format_string(obj, fmt_str, should_raise):
+            if should_raise:
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, obj, fmt_str)
             else:
-                self.assertEqual(len(w), 0)
+                format(obj, fmt_str)
 
         fmt_strs = ['', 's']
 
@@ -1565,21 +1593,45 @@ class TestSorted(unittest.TestCase):
         data = 'The quick Brown fox Jumped over The lazy Dog'.split()
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, sorted, data, None, lambda x,y: 0)
 
-def test_main(verbose=None):
-    test_classes = (BuiltinTest, TestSorted)
-
-    run_unittest(*test_classes)
-
-    # verify reference counting
-    if verbose and hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):
-        import gc
-        counts = [None] * 5
-        for i in range(len(counts)):
-            run_unittest(*test_classes)
-            gc.collect()
-            counts[i] = sys.gettotalrefcount()
-        print(counts)
 
+class ShutdownTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_cleanup(self):
+        # Issue #19255: builtins are still available at shutdown
+        code = """if 1:
+            import builtins
+            import sys
+
+            class C:
+                def __del__(self):
+                    print("before")
+                    # Check that builtins still exist
+                    len(())
+                    print("after")
+
+            c = C()
+            # Make this module survive until builtins and sys are cleaned
+            builtins.here = sys.modules[__name__]
+            sys.here = sys.modules[__name__]
+            # Create a reference loop so that this module needs to go
+            # through a GC phase.
+            here = sys.modules[__name__]
+            """
+        # Issue #20599: Force ASCII encoding to get a codec implemented in C,
+        # otherwise the codec may be unloaded before C.__del__() is called, and
+        # so print("before") fails because the codec cannot be used to encode
+        # "before" to sys.stdout.encoding. For example, on Windows,
+        # sys.stdout.encoding is the OEM code page and these code pages are
+        # implemented in Python
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code,
+                                        PYTHONIOENCODING="ascii")
+        self.assertEqual(["before", "after"], out.decode().splitlines())
+
+
+def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
+    from doctest import DocTestSuite
+    tests.addTest(DocTestSuite(builtins))
+    return tests
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main(verbose=True)
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bytes.py b/Lib/test/test_bytes.py
index 3c09141184..f350211f71 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bytes.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bytes.py
@@ -288,8 +288,22 @@ class BaseBytesTest:
             self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(lst), b"abc")
             self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(tuple(lst)), b"abc")
             self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(iter(lst)), b"abc")
-        self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b".").join([b"ab", b"cd"]), b"ab.cd")
-        # XXX more...
+        dot_join = self.type2test(b".:").join
+        self.assertEqual(dot_join([b"ab", b"cd"]), b"ab.:cd")
+        self.assertEqual(dot_join([memoryview(b"ab"), b"cd"]), b"ab.:cd")
+        self.assertEqual(dot_join([b"ab", memoryview(b"cd")]), b"ab.:cd")
+        self.assertEqual(dot_join([bytearray(b"ab"), b"cd"]), b"ab.:cd")
+        self.assertEqual(dot_join([b"ab", bytearray(b"cd")]), b"ab.:cd")
+        # Stress it with many items
+        seq = [b"abc"] * 1000
+        expected = b"abc" + b".:abc" * 999
+        self.assertEqual(dot_join(seq), expected)
+        # Error handling and cleanup when some item in the middle of the
+        # sequence has the wrong type.
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dot_join([bytearray(b"ab"), "cd", b"ef"])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dot_join([memoryview(b"ab"), "cd", b"ef"])
 
     def test_count(self):
         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
@@ -765,7 +779,7 @@ class ByteArrayTest(BaseBytesTest, unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             try:
                 os.remove(tfn)
-            except os.error:
+            except OSError:
                 pass
 
     def test_reverse(self):
@@ -901,6 +915,15 @@ class ByteArrayTest(BaseBytesTest, unittest.TestCase):
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                 b[3:4] = elem
 
+    def test_setslice_extend(self):
+        # Exercise the resizing logic (see issue #19087)
+        b = bytearray(range(100))
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(100)))
+        del b[:10]
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(10, 100)))
+        b.extend(range(100, 110))
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(10, 110)))
+
     def test_extended_set_del_slice(self):
         indices = (0, None, 1, 3, 19, 300, 1<<333, -1, -2, -31, -300)
         for start in indices:
@@ -1280,6 +1303,11 @@ class BytearrayPEP3137Test(unittest.TestCase,
             self.assertEqual(val, newval)
             self.assertTrue(val is not newval,
                             expr+' returned val on a mutable object')
+        sep = self.marshal(b'')
+        newval = sep.join([val])
+        self.assertEqual(val, newval)
+        self.assertIsNot(val, newval)
+
 
 class FixedStringTest(test.string_tests.BaseTest):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bz2.py b/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
index c8c93513d8..40d8425eee 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from test import support
-from test.support import TESTFN, bigmemtest, _4G
+from test.support import bigmemtest, _4G
 
 import unittest
 from io import BytesIO
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import pickle
 import random
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from test.support import unlink
 
 try:
     import threading
@@ -18,10 +19,10 @@ except ImportError:
 bz2 = support.import_module('bz2')
 from bz2 import BZ2File, BZ2Compressor, BZ2Decompressor
 
-has_cmdline_bunzip2 = sys.platform not in ("win32", "os2emx")
 
 class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
     "Base for other testcases."
+
     TEXT_LINES = [
         b'root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n',
         b'bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:\n',
@@ -51,13 +52,17 @@ class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
     BAD_DATA = b'this is not a valid bzip2 file'
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.filename = TESTFN
+        self.filename = support.TESTFN
 
     def tearDown(self):
         if os.path.isfile(self.filename):
             os.unlink(self.filename)
 
-    if has_cmdline_bunzip2:
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        # bunzip2 isn't available to run on Windows.
+        def decompress(self, data):
+            return bz2.decompress(data)
+    else:
         def decompress(self, data):
             pop = subprocess.Popen("bunzip2", shell=True,
                                    stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -71,13 +76,9 @@ class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 ret = bz2.decompress(data)
             return ret
 
-    else:
-        # bunzip2 isn't available to run on Windows.
-        def decompress(self, data):
-            return bz2.decompress(data)
 
 class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
-    "Test BZ2File type miscellaneous methods."
+    "Test the BZ2File class."
 
     def createTempFile(self, streams=1, suffix=b""):
         with open(self.filename, "wb") as f:
@@ -85,18 +86,12 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
             f.write(suffix)
 
     def testBadArgs(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            BZ2File(123.456)
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            BZ2File("/dev/null", "z")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            BZ2File("/dev/null", "rx")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            BZ2File("/dev/null", "rbt")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            BZ2File("/dev/null", compresslevel=0)
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            BZ2File("/dev/null", compresslevel=10)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, BZ2File, 123.456)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, BZ2File, "/dev/null", "z")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, BZ2File, "/dev/null", "rx")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, BZ2File, "/dev/null", "rbt")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, BZ2File, "/dev/null", compresslevel=0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, BZ2File, "/dev/null", compresslevel=10)
 
     def testRead(self):
         self.createTempFile()
@@ -232,9 +227,8 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
         self.createTempFile()
         bz2f = BZ2File(self.filename)
         bz2f.close()
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bz2f.__next__)
-        # This call will deadlock if the above .__next__ call failed to
-        # release the lock.
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, next, bz2f)
+        # This call will deadlock if the above call failed to release the lock.
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, bz2f.readlines)
 
     def testWrite(self):
@@ -278,8 +272,8 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
             bz2f.write(b"abc")
 
         with BZ2File(self.filename, "r") as bz2f:
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, bz2f.write, b"a")
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, bz2f.writelines, [b"a"])
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, bz2f.write, b"a")
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, bz2f.writelines, [b"a"])
 
     def testAppend(self):
         with BZ2File(self.filename, "w") as bz2f:
@@ -397,7 +391,7 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
             bz2f.close()
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, bz2f.seekable)
 
-        bz2f = BZ2File(BytesIO(), mode="w")
+        bz2f = BZ2File(BytesIO(), "w")
         try:
             self.assertFalse(bz2f.seekable())
         finally:
@@ -423,7 +417,7 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
             bz2f.close()
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, bz2f.readable)
 
-        bz2f = BZ2File(BytesIO(), mode="w")
+        bz2f = BZ2File(BytesIO(), "w")
         try:
             self.assertFalse(bz2f.readable())
         finally:
@@ -440,7 +434,7 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
             bz2f.close()
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, bz2f.writable)
 
-        bz2f = BZ2File(BytesIO(), mode="w")
+        bz2f = BZ2File(BytesIO(), "w")
         try:
             self.assertTrue(bz2f.writable())
         finally:
@@ -454,7 +448,7 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
             del o
 
     def testOpenNonexistent(self):
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, BZ2File, "/non/existent")
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, BZ2File, "/non/existent")
 
     def testReadlinesNoNewline(self):
         # Issue #1191043: readlines() fails on a file containing no newline.
@@ -494,7 +488,7 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
         # Issue #7205: Using a BZ2File from several threads shouldn't deadlock.
         data = b"1" * 2**20
         nthreads = 10
-        with bz2.BZ2File(self.filename, 'wb') as f:
+        with BZ2File(self.filename, 'wb') as f:
             def comp():
                 for i in range(5):
                     f.write(data)
@@ -505,28 +499,27 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
                 t.join()
 
     def testWithoutThreading(self):
-        bz2 = support.import_fresh_module("bz2", blocked=("threading",))
-        with bz2.BZ2File(self.filename, "wb") as f:
+        module = support.import_fresh_module("bz2", blocked=("threading",))
+        with module.BZ2File(self.filename, "wb") as f:
             f.write(b"abc")
-        with bz2.BZ2File(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+        with module.BZ2File(self.filename, "rb") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), b"abc")
 
     def testMixedIterationAndReads(self):
         self.createTempFile()
         linelen = len(self.TEXT_LINES[0])
         halflen = linelen // 2
-        with bz2.BZ2File(self.filename) as bz2f:
+        with BZ2File(self.filename) as bz2f:
             bz2f.read(halflen)
             self.assertEqual(next(bz2f), self.TEXT_LINES[0][halflen:])
             self.assertEqual(bz2f.read(), self.TEXT[linelen:])
-        with bz2.BZ2File(self.filename) as bz2f:
+        with BZ2File(self.filename) as bz2f:
             bz2f.readline()
             self.assertEqual(next(bz2f), self.TEXT_LINES[1])
             self.assertEqual(bz2f.readline(), self.TEXT_LINES[2])
-        with bz2.BZ2File(self.filename) as bz2f:
+        with BZ2File(self.filename) as bz2f:
             bz2f.readlines()
-            with self.assertRaises(StopIteration):
-                next(bz2f)
+            self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, bz2f)
             self.assertEqual(bz2f.readlines(), [])
 
     def testMultiStreamOrdering(self):
@@ -594,6 +587,20 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
                 bz2f.seek(-150, 1)
                 self.assertEqual(bz2f.read(), self.TEXT[500-150:])
 
+    def test_read_truncated(self):
+        # Drop the eos_magic field (6 bytes) and CRC (4 bytes).
+        truncated = self.DATA[:-10]
+        with BZ2File(BytesIO(truncated)) as f:
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read)
+        with BZ2File(BytesIO(truncated)) as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(len(self.TEXT)), self.TEXT)
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read, 1)
+        # Incomplete 4-byte file header, and block header of at least 146 bits.
+        for i in range(22):
+            with BZ2File(BytesIO(truncated[:i])) as f:
+                self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read, 1)
+
+
 class BZ2CompressorTest(BaseTest):
     def testCompress(self):
         bz2c = BZ2Compressor()
@@ -740,97 +747,122 @@ class CompressDecompressTest(BaseTest):
 
 
 class OpenTest(BaseTest):
+    "Test the open function."
+
+    def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return bz2.open(*args, **kwargs)
+
     def test_binary_modes(self):
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "wb") as f:
-            f.write(self.TEXT)
-        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            file_data = bz2.decompress(f.read())
-            self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            self.assertEqual(f.read(), self.TEXT)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "ab") as f:
-            f.write(self.TEXT)
-        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            file_data = bz2.decompress(f.read())
-            self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT * 2)
+        for mode in ("wb", "xb"):
+            if mode == "xb":
+                unlink(self.filename)
+            with self.open(self.filename, mode) as f:
+                f.write(self.TEXT)
+            with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+                file_data = self.decompress(f.read())
+                self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT)
+            with self.open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+                self.assertEqual(f.read(), self.TEXT)
+            with self.open(self.filename, "ab") as f:
+                f.write(self.TEXT)
+            with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+                file_data = self.decompress(f.read())
+                self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT * 2)
 
     def test_implicit_binary_modes(self):
         # Test implicit binary modes (no "b" or "t" in mode string).
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "w") as f:
-            f.write(self.TEXT)
-        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            file_data = bz2.decompress(f.read())
-            self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "r") as f:
-            self.assertEqual(f.read(), self.TEXT)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "a") as f:
-            f.write(self.TEXT)
-        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            file_data = bz2.decompress(f.read())
-            self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT * 2)
+        for mode in ("w", "x"):
+            if mode == "x":
+                unlink(self.filename)
+            with self.open(self.filename, mode) as f:
+                f.write(self.TEXT)
+            with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+                file_data = self.decompress(f.read())
+                self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT)
+            with self.open(self.filename, "r") as f:
+                self.assertEqual(f.read(), self.TEXT)
+            with self.open(self.filename, "a") as f:
+                f.write(self.TEXT)
+            with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+                file_data = self.decompress(f.read())
+                self.assertEqual(file_data, self.TEXT * 2)
 
     def test_text_modes(self):
         text = self.TEXT.decode("ascii")
         text_native_eol = text.replace("\n", os.linesep)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "wt") as f:
-            f.write(text)
-        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            file_data = bz2.decompress(f.read()).decode("ascii")
-            self.assertEqual(file_data, text_native_eol)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "rt") as f:
-            self.assertEqual(f.read(), text)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "at") as f:
-            f.write(text)
-        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            file_data = bz2.decompress(f.read()).decode("ascii")
-            self.assertEqual(file_data, text_native_eol * 2)
+        for mode in ("wt", "xt"):
+            if mode == "xt":
+                unlink(self.filename)
+            with self.open(self.filename, mode) as f:
+                f.write(text)
+            with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+                file_data = self.decompress(f.read()).decode("ascii")
+                self.assertEqual(file_data, text_native_eol)
+            with self.open(self.filename, "rt") as f:
+                self.assertEqual(f.read(), text)
+            with self.open(self.filename, "at") as f:
+                f.write(text)
+            with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+                file_data = self.decompress(f.read()).decode("ascii")
+                self.assertEqual(file_data, text_native_eol * 2)
+
+    def test_x_mode(self):
+        for mode in ("x", "xb", "xt"):
+            unlink(self.filename)
+            with self.open(self.filename, mode) as f:
+                pass
+            with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+                with self.open(self.filename, mode) as f:
+                    pass
 
     def test_fileobj(self):
-        with bz2.open(BytesIO(self.DATA), "r") as f:
+        with self.open(BytesIO(self.DATA), "r") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), self.TEXT)
-        with bz2.open(BytesIO(self.DATA), "rb") as f:
+        with self.open(BytesIO(self.DATA), "rb") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), self.TEXT)
         text = self.TEXT.decode("ascii")
-        with bz2.open(BytesIO(self.DATA), "rt") as f:
+        with self.open(BytesIO(self.DATA), "rt") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), text)
 
     def test_bad_params(self):
         # Test invalid parameter combinations.
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            bz2.open(self.filename, "wbt")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            bz2.open(self.filename, "rb", encoding="utf-8")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            bz2.open(self.filename, "rb", errors="ignore")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            bz2.open(self.filename, "rb", newline="\n")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                          self.open, self.filename, "wbt")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                          self.open, self.filename, "xbt")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                          self.open, self.filename, "rb", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                          self.open, self.filename, "rb", errors="ignore")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                          self.open, self.filename, "rb", newline="\n")
 
     def test_encoding(self):
         # Test non-default encoding.
         text = self.TEXT.decode("ascii")
         text_native_eol = text.replace("\n", os.linesep)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "wt", encoding="utf-16-le") as f:
+        with self.open(self.filename, "wt", encoding="utf-16-le") as f:
             f.write(text)
         with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
-            file_data = bz2.decompress(f.read()).decode("utf-16-le")
+            file_data = self.decompress(f.read()).decode("utf-16-le")
             self.assertEqual(file_data, text_native_eol)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "rt", encoding="utf-16-le") as f:
+        with self.open(self.filename, "rt", encoding="utf-16-le") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), text)
 
     def test_encoding_error_handler(self):
         # Test with non-default encoding error handler.
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "wb") as f:
+        with self.open(self.filename, "wb") as f:
             f.write(b"foo\xffbar")
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "rt", encoding="ascii", errors="ignore") \
+        with self.open(self.filename, "rt", encoding="ascii", errors="ignore") \
                 as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), "foobar")
 
     def test_newline(self):
         # Test with explicit newline (universal newline mode disabled).
         text = self.TEXT.decode("ascii")
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "wt", newline="\n") as f:
+        with self.open(self.filename, "wt", newline="\n") as f:
             f.write(text)
-        with bz2.open(self.filename, "rt", newline="\r") as f:
+        with self.open(self.filename, "rt", newline="\r") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.readlines(), [text])
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi.py b/Lib/test/test_capi.py
index 50c4bba24f..ba7c38db27 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import sys
 import time
 import unittest
 from test import support
+from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS
 try:
     import _posixsubprocess
 except ImportError:
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
     def test_no_FatalError_infinite_loop(self):
-        with support.suppress_crash_popup():
+        with support.SuppressCrashReport():
             p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                                   'import _testcapi;'
                                   '_testcapi.crash_no_current_thread()'],
@@ -110,6 +111,46 @@ class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, _posixsubprocess.fork_exec,
                           Z(),[b'1'],3,[1, 2],5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_docstring_signature_parsing(self):
+
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.no_docstring.__doc__, None)
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.no_docstring.__text_signature__, None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_empty.__doc__, "")
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_empty.__text_signature__, None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_no_signature.__doc__,
+            "This docstring has no signature.")
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_no_signature.__text_signature__, None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature.__doc__,
+            "docstring_with_invalid_signature($module, /, boo)\n"
+            "\n"
+            "This docstring has an invalid signature."
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature.__text_signature__, None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature2.__doc__,
+            "docstring_with_invalid_signature2($module, /, boo)\n"
+            "\n"
+            "--\n"
+            "\n"
+            "This docstring also has an invalid signature."
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature2.__text_signature__, None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature.__doc__,
+            "This docstring has a valid signature.")
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature.__text_signature__, "($module, /, sig)")
+
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines.__doc__,
+            "\nThis docstring has a valid signature and some extra newlines.")
+        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines.__text_signature__,
+            "($module, /, parameter)")
+
+
 @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
 class TestPendingCalls(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -193,6 +234,9 @@ class TestPendingCalls(unittest.TestCase):
         self.pendingcalls_submit(l, n)
         self.pendingcalls_wait(l, n)
 
+
+class SubinterpreterTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
     def test_subinterps(self):
         import builtins
         r, w = os.pipe()
@@ -203,47 +247,109 @@ class TestPendingCalls(unittest.TestCase):
                 pickle.dump(id(builtins), f)
             """.format(w)
         with open(r, "rb") as f:
-            ret = _testcapi.run_in_subinterp(code)
+            ret = support.run_in_subinterp(code)
             self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
             self.assertNotEqual(pickle.load(f), id(sys.modules))
             self.assertNotEqual(pickle.load(f), id(builtins))
 
+
 # Bug #6012
 class Test6012(unittest.TestCase):
     def test(self):
         self.assertEqual(_testcapi.argparsing("Hello", "World"), 1)
 
 
-class EmbeddingTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        sys.platform.startswith('win'),
-        "test doesn't work under Windows")
-    def test_subinterps(self):
-        # XXX only tested under Unix checkouts
+class EmbeddingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
         basepath = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
-        oldcwd = os.getcwd()
+        exename = "_testembed"
+        if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
+            ext = ("_d" if "_d" in sys.executable else "") + ".exe"
+            exename += ext
+            exepath = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
+        else:
+            exepath = os.path.join(basepath, "Modules")
+        self.test_exe = exe = os.path.join(exepath, exename)
+        if not os.path.exists(exe):
+            self.skipTest("%r doesn't exist" % exe)
         # This is needed otherwise we get a fatal error:
         # "Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
         # LookupError: no codec search functions registered: can't find encoding"
+        self.oldcwd = os.getcwd()
         os.chdir(basepath)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        os.chdir(self.oldcwd)
+
+    def run_embedded_interpreter(self, *args):
+        """Runs a test in the embedded interpreter"""
+        cmd = [self.test_exe]
+        cmd.extend(args)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        (out, err) = p.communicate()
+        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0,
+                         "bad returncode %d, stderr is %r" %
+                         (p.returncode, err))
+        return out.decode("latin1"), err.decode("latin1")
+
+    def test_subinterps(self):
+        # This is just a "don't crash" test
+        out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter()
+        if support.verbose:
+            print()
+            print(out)
+            print(err)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_default_pipe_encoding():
+        rp, wp = os.pipe()
         try:
-            exe = os.path.join(basepath, "Modules", "_testembed")
-            if not os.path.exists(exe):
-                self.skipTest("%r doesn't exist" % exe)
-            p = subprocess.Popen([exe],
-                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-            (out, err) = p.communicate()
-            self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0,
-                             "bad returncode %d, stderr is %r" %
-                             (p.returncode, err))
-            if support.verbose:
-                print()
-                print(out.decode('latin1'))
-                print(err.decode('latin1'))
+            with os.fdopen(wp, 'w') as w:
+                default_pipe_encoding = w.encoding
         finally:
-            os.chdir(oldcwd)
+            os.close(rp)
+        return default_pipe_encoding
+
+    def test_forced_io_encoding(self):
+        # Checks forced configuration of embedded interpreter IO streams
+        out, err = self.run_embedded_interpreter("forced_io_encoding")
+        if support.verbose:
+            print()
+            print(out)
+            print(err)
+        expected_stdin_encoding = sys.__stdin__.encoding
+        expected_pipe_encoding = self._get_default_pipe_encoding()
+        expected_output = os.linesep.join([
+        "--- Use defaults ---",
+        "Expected encoding: default",
+        "Expected errors: default",
+        "stdin: {0}:strict",
+        "stdout: {1}:strict",
+        "stderr: {1}:backslashreplace",
+        "--- Set errors only ---",
+        "Expected encoding: default",
+        "Expected errors: surrogateescape",
+        "stdin: {0}:surrogateescape",
+        "stdout: {1}:surrogateescape",
+        "stderr: {1}:backslashreplace",
+        "--- Set encoding only ---",
+        "Expected encoding: latin-1",
+        "Expected errors: default",
+        "stdin: latin-1:strict",
+        "stdout: latin-1:strict",
+        "stderr: latin-1:backslashreplace",
+        "--- Set encoding and errors ---",
+        "Expected encoding: latin-1",
+        "Expected errors: surrogateescape",
+        "stdin: latin-1:surrogateescape",
+        "stdout: latin-1:surrogateescape",
+        "stderr: latin-1:backslashreplace"]).format(expected_stdin_encoding,
+                                                    expected_pipe_encoding)
+        # This is useful if we ever trip over odd platform behaviour
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), expected_output)
 
 class SkipitemTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -355,8 +461,9 @@ class Test_testcapi(unittest.TestCase):
     def test__testcapi(self):
         for name in dir(_testcapi):
             if name.startswith('test_'):
-                test = getattr(_testcapi, name)
-                test()
+                with self.subTest("internal", name=name):
+                    test = getattr(_testcapi, name)
+                    test()
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py
index a89d7e4f10..327c1455fc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 import test.support, unittest
 import os
+import shutil
 import sys
 import subprocess
 import tempfile
@@ -41,8 +42,10 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_version(self):
         version = ('Python %d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]).encode("ascii")
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-V')
-        self.assertTrue(err.startswith(version))
+        for switch in '-V', '--version':
+            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(switch)
+            self.assertFalse(err.startswith(version))
+            self.assertTrue(out.startswith(version))
 
     def test_verbose(self):
         # -v causes imports to write to stderr.  If the write to
@@ -54,14 +57,49 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotIn(b'stack overflow', err)
 
     def test_xoptions(self):
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)')
-        opts = eval(out.splitlines()[0])
+        def get_xoptions(*args):
+            # use subprocess module directly because test.script_helper adds
+            # "-X faulthandler" to the command line
+            args = (sys.executable, '-E') + args
+            args += ('-c', 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)')
+            out = subprocess.check_output(args)
+            opts = eval(out.splitlines()[0])
+            return opts
+
+        opts = get_xoptions()
         self.assertEqual(opts, {})
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(
-            '-Xa', '-Xb=c,d=e', '-c', 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)')
-        opts = eval(out.splitlines()[0])
+
+        opts = get_xoptions('-Xa', '-Xb=c,d=e')
         self.assertEqual(opts, {'a': True, 'b': 'c,d=e'})
 
+    def test_showrefcount(self):
+        def run_python(*args):
+            # this is similar to assert_python_ok but doesn't strip
+            # the refcount from stderr.  It can be replaced once
+            # assert_python_ok stops doing that.
+            cmd = [sys.executable]
+            cmd.extend(args)
+            PIPE = subprocess.PIPE
+            p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
+            out, err = p.communicate()
+            p.stdout.close()
+            p.stderr.close()
+            rc = p.returncode
+            self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
+            return rc, out, err
+        code = 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)'
+        # normally the refcount is hidden
+        rc, out, err = run_python('-c', code)
+        self.assertEqual(out.rstrip(), b'{}')
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+        # "-X showrefcount" shows the refcount, but only in debug builds
+        rc, out, err = run_python('-X', 'showrefcount', '-c', code)
+        self.assertEqual(out.rstrip(), b"{'showrefcount': True}")
+        if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):  # debug build
+            self.assertRegex(err, br'^\[\d+ refs, \d+ blocks\]')
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+
     def test_run_module(self):
         # Test expected operation of the '-m' switch
         # Switch needs an argument
@@ -70,9 +108,9 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         assert_python_failure('-m', 'fnord43520xyz')
         # Check the runpy module also gives an error for
         # a nonexistent module
-        assert_python_failure('-m', 'runpy', 'fnord43520xyz'),
+        assert_python_failure('-m', 'runpy', 'fnord43520xyz')
         # All good if module is located and run successfully
-        assert_python_ok('-m', 'timeit', '-n', '1'),
+        assert_python_ok('-m', 'timeit', '-n', '1')
 
     def test_run_module_bug1764407(self):
         # -m and -i need to play well together
@@ -213,6 +251,23 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(path1.encode('ascii'), out)
         self.assertIn(path2.encode('ascii'), out)
 
+    def test_empty_PYTHONPATH_issue16309(self):
+        # On Posix, it is documented that setting PATH to the
+        # empty string is equivalent to not setting PATH at all,
+        # which is an exception to the rule that in a string like
+        # "/bin::/usr/bin" the empty string in the middle gets
+        # interpreted as '.'
+        code = """if 1:
+            import sys
+            path = ":".join(sys.path)
+            path = path.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace")
+            sys.stdout.buffer.write(path)"""
+        rc1, out1, err1 = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONPATH="")
+        rc2, out2, err2 = assert_python_ok('-c', code, __isolated=False)
+        # regarding to Posix specification, outputs should be equal
+        # for empty and unset PYTHONPATH
+        self.assertEqual(out1, out2)
+
     def test_displayhook_unencodable(self):
         for encoding in ('ascii', 'latin-1', 'utf-8'):
             env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -290,7 +345,7 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
         self.assertEqual(b'', out)
         self.assertRegex(err.decode('ascii', 'ignore'),
-                         'Exception OSError: .* ignored')
+                         'Exception ignored in.*\nOSError: .*')
 
     def test_closed_stdout(self):
         # Issue #13444: if stdout has been explicitly closed, we should
@@ -385,6 +440,31 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(b'', out)
 
 
+    def test_isolatedmode(self):
+        self.verify_valid_flag('-I')
+        self.verify_valid_flag('-IEs')
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-I', '-c',
+            'from sys import flags as f; '
+            'print(f.no_user_site, f.ignore_environment, f.isolated)',
+            # dummyvar to prevent extranous -E
+            dummyvar="")
+        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b'1 1 1')
+        with test.support.temp_cwd() as tmpdir:
+            fake = os.path.join(tmpdir, "uuid.py")
+            main = os.path.join(tmpdir, "main.py")
+            with open(fake, "w") as f:
+                f.write("raise RuntimeError('isolated mode test')\n")
+            with open(main, "w") as f:
+                f.write("import uuid\n")
+                f.write("print('ok')\n")
+            self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError,
+                              subprocess.check_output,
+                              [sys.executable, main], cwd=tmpdir,
+                              stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+            out = subprocess.check_output([sys.executable, "-I", main],
+                                          cwd=tmpdir)
+            self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b"ok")
+
 def test_main():
     test.support.run_unittest(CmdLineTest)
     test.support.reap_children()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py
index b4269b994e..1e6746d434 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line_script.py
@@ -41,11 +41,28 @@ from importlib.machinery import BuiltinImporter
 _loader = __loader__ if __loader__ is BuiltinImporter else type(__loader__)
 print('__loader__==%a' % _loader)
 print('__file__==%a' % __file__)
-assertEqual(__cached__, None)
+print('__cached__==%a' % __cached__)
 print('__package__==%r' % __package__)
+# Check PEP 451 details
+import os.path
+if __package__ is not None:
+    print('__main__ was located through the import system')
+    assertIdentical(__spec__.loader, __loader__)
+    expected_spec_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0]
+    if __package__:
+        expected_spec_name = __package__ + "." + expected_spec_name
+    assertEqual(__spec__.name, expected_spec_name)
+    assertEqual(__spec__.parent, __package__)
+    assertIdentical(__spec__.submodule_search_locations, None)
+    assertEqual(__spec__.origin, __file__)
+    if __spec__.cached is not None:
+        assertEqual(__spec__.cached, __cached__)
 # Check the sys module
 import sys
 assertIdentical(globals(), sys.modules[__name__].__dict__)
+if __spec__ is not None:
+    # XXX: We're not currently making __main__ available under its real name
+    pass # assertIdentical(globals(), sys.modules[__spec__.name].__dict__)
 from test import test_cmd_line_script
 example_args_list = test_cmd_line_script.example_args
 assertEqual(sys.argv[1:], example_args_list)
@@ -123,7 +140,7 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         if not __debug__:
             cmd_line_switches += ('-' + 'O' * sys.flags.optimize,)
         run_args = cmd_line_switches + (script_name,) + tuple(example_args)
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(*run_args)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(*run_args, __isolated=False)
         self._check_output(script_name, rc, out + err, expected_file,
                            expected_argv0, expected_path0,
                            expected_package, expected_loader)
@@ -294,7 +311,7 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 pkg_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, 'test_pkg')
                 make_pkg(pkg_dir, "import sys; print('init_argv0==%r' % sys.argv[0])")
                 script_name = _make_test_script(pkg_dir, 'script')
-                rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'test_pkg.script', *example_args)
+                rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'test_pkg.script', *example_args, __isolated=False)
                 if verbose > 1:
                     print(out)
                 expected = "init_argv0==%r" % '-m'
@@ -311,7 +328,8 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 with open("-c", "w") as f:
                     f.write("data")
                     rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c',
-                        'import sys; print("sys.path[0]==%r" % sys.path[0])')
+                        'import sys; print("sys.path[0]==%r" % sys.path[0])',
+                        __isolated=False)
                     if verbose > 1:
                         print(out)
                     expected = "sys.path[0]==%r" % ''
@@ -325,7 +343,8 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
             with support.change_cwd(path=script_dir):
                 with open("-m", "w") as f:
                     f.write("data")
-                    rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'other', *example_args)
+                    rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'other', *example_args,
+                                                    __isolated=False)
                     self._check_output(script_name, rc, out,
                                       script_name, script_name, '', '',
                                       importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader)
@@ -386,6 +405,24 @@ class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
             'stdout=%r stderr=%r' % (stdout, stderr))
         self.assertEqual(0, rc)
 
+    def test_issue20500_exit_with_exception_value(self):
+        script = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            import sys
+            error = None
+            try:
+                raise ValueError('some text')
+            except ValueError as err:
+                error = err
+
+            if error:
+                sys.exit(error)
+            """)
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'script', script)
+            exitcode, stdout, stderr = assert_python_failure(script_name)
+            text = stderr.decode('ascii')
+            self.assertEqual(text, "some text")
+
 
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(CmdLineTest)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_code_module.py b/Lib/test/test_code_module.py
index adef1701d4..5fd21dc32c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_code_module.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_code_module.py
@@ -64,6 +64,20 @@ class TestInteractiveConsole(unittest.TestCase):
         self.console.interact()
         self.assertTrue(hook.called)
 
+    def test_banner(self):
+        # with banner
+        self.infunc.side_effect = EOFError('Finished')
+        self.console.interact(banner='Foo')
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.stderr.method_calls), 2)
+        banner_call = self.stderr.method_calls[0]
+        self.assertEqual(banner_call, ['write', ('Foo\n',), {}])
+
+        # no banner
+        self.stderr.reset_mock()
+        self.infunc.side_effect = EOFError('Finished')
+        self.console.interact(banner='')
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.stderr.method_calls), 1)
+
 
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(TestInteractiveConsole)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py b/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py
index fd88505081..84804bb0da 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_codeccallbacks.py
@@ -875,8 +875,6 @@ class CodecCallbackTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                     data.decode(encoding, "test.replacing")
 
-def test_main():
-    test.support.run_unittest(CodecCallbackTest)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_codecs.py b/Lib/test/test_codecs.py
index a8b3da0f37..9b62d5b12f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_codecs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_codecs.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import codecs
+import contextlib
 import io
 import locale
 import sys
@@ -342,8 +343,46 @@ class ReadTest(MixInCheckStateHandling):
         self.assertEqual(reader.readline(), s5)
         self.assertEqual(reader.readline(), "")
 
+    ill_formed_sequence_replace = "\ufffd"
+
+    def test_lone_surrogates(self):
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, "\ud800".encode, self.encoding)
+        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode(self.encoding, "backslashreplace"),
+                         "[\\udc80]".encode(self.encoding))
+        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode(self.encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace"),
+                         "[&#56448;]".encode(self.encoding))
+        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode(self.encoding, "ignore"),
+                         "[]".encode(self.encoding))
+        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode(self.encoding, "replace"),
+                         "[?]".encode(self.encoding))
+
+        bom = "".encode(self.encoding)
+        for before, after in [("\U00010fff", "A"), ("[", "]"),
+                              ("A", "\U00010fff")]:
+            before_sequence = before.encode(self.encoding)[len(bom):]
+            after_sequence = after.encode(self.encoding)[len(bom):]
+            test_string = before + "\uDC80" + after
+            test_sequence = (bom + before_sequence +
+                             self.ill_formed_sequence + after_sequence)
+            self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, test_sequence.decode,
+                              self.encoding)
+            self.assertEqual(test_string.encode(self.encoding,
+                                                "surrogatepass"),
+                             test_sequence)
+            self.assertEqual(test_sequence.decode(self.encoding,
+                                                  "surrogatepass"),
+                             test_string)
+            self.assertEqual(test_sequence.decode(self.encoding, "ignore"),
+                             before + after)
+            self.assertEqual(test_sequence.decode(self.encoding, "replace"),
+                             before + self.ill_formed_sequence_replace + after)
+
 class UTF32Test(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-32"
+    if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+        ill_formed_sequence = b"\x80\xdc\x00\x00"
+    else:
+        ill_formed_sequence = b"\x00\x00\xdc\x80"
 
     spamle = (b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00'
               b's\x00\x00\x00p\x00\x00\x00a\x00\x00\x00m\x00\x00\x00'
@@ -435,6 +474,7 @@ class UTF32Test(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
 class UTF32LETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-32-le"
+    ill_formed_sequence = b"\x80\xdc\x00\x00"
 
     def test_partial(self):
         self.check_partial(
@@ -479,6 +519,7 @@ class UTF32LETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
 class UTF32BETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-32-be"
+    ill_formed_sequence = b"\x00\x00\xdc\x80"
 
     def test_partial(self):
         self.check_partial(
@@ -524,6 +565,10 @@ class UTF32BETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
 class UTF16Test(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-16"
+    if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+        ill_formed_sequence = b"\x80\xdc"
+    else:
+        ill_formed_sequence = b"\xdc\x80"
 
     spamle = b'\xff\xfes\x00p\x00a\x00m\x00s\x00p\x00a\x00m\x00'
     spambe = b'\xfe\xff\x00s\x00p\x00a\x00m\x00s\x00p\x00a\x00m'
@@ -599,11 +644,14 @@ class UTF16Test(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
         self.addCleanup(support.unlink, support.TESTFN)
         with open(support.TESTFN, 'wb') as fp:
             fp.write(s)
-        with codecs.open(support.TESTFN, 'U', encoding=self.encoding) as reader:
+        with support.check_warnings(('', DeprecationWarning)):
+            reader = codecs.open(support.TESTFN, 'U', encoding=self.encoding)
+        with reader:
             self.assertEqual(reader.read(), s1)
 
 class UTF16LETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-16-le"
+    ill_formed_sequence = b"\x80\xdc"
 
     def test_partial(self):
         self.check_partial(
@@ -647,6 +695,7 @@ class UTF16LETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
 class UTF16BETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-16-be"
+    ill_formed_sequence = b"\xdc\x80"
 
     def test_partial(self):
         self.check_partial(
@@ -690,6 +739,8 @@ class UTF16BETest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
 
 class UTF8Test(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-8"
+    ill_formed_sequence = b"\xed\xb2\x80"
+    ill_formed_sequence_replace = "\ufffd" * 3
 
     def test_partial(self):
         self.check_partial(
@@ -719,18 +770,11 @@ class UTF8Test(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
                                          u, u.encode(self.encoding))
 
     def test_lone_surrogates(self):
-        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, "\ud800".encode, "utf-8")
-        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, b"\xed\xa0\x80".decode, "utf-8")
-        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode("utf-8", "backslashreplace"),
-                         b'[\\udc80]')
-        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode("utf-8", "xmlcharrefreplace"),
-                         b'[&#56448;]')
-        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape"),
+        super().test_lone_surrogates()
+        # not sure if this is making sense for
+        # UTF-16 and UTF-32
+        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode('utf-8', "surrogateescape"),
                          b'[\x80]')
-        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode("utf-8", "ignore"),
-                         b'[]')
-        self.assertEqual("[\uDC80]".encode("utf-8", "replace"),
-                         b'[?]')
 
     def test_surrogatepass_handler(self):
         self.assertEqual("abc\ud800def".encode("utf-8", "surrogatepass"),
@@ -913,15 +957,19 @@ class UTF7Test(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
             (b'a+////,+IKw-b', 'a\uffff\ufffd\u20acb'),
         ]
         for raw, expected in tests:
-            self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, codecs.utf_7_decode,
-                              raw, 'strict', True)
-            self.assertEqual(raw.decode('utf-7', 'replace'), expected)
+            with self.subTest(raw=raw):
+                self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, codecs.utf_7_decode,
+                                raw, 'strict', True)
+                self.assertEqual(raw.decode('utf-7', 'replace'), expected)
 
     def test_nonbmp(self):
         self.assertEqual('\U000104A0'.encode(self.encoding), b'+2AHcoA-')
         self.assertEqual('\ud801\udca0'.encode(self.encoding), b'+2AHcoA-')
         self.assertEqual(b'+2AHcoA-'.decode(self.encoding), '\U000104A0')
 
+    test_lone_surrogates = None
+
+
 class UTF16ExTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_errors(self):
@@ -946,7 +994,7 @@ class ReadBufferTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, codecs.readbuffer_encode)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, codecs.readbuffer_encode, 42)
 
-class UTF8SigTest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
+class UTF8SigTest(UTF8Test, unittest.TestCase):
     encoding = "utf-8-sig"
 
     def test_partial(self):
@@ -1628,6 +1676,7 @@ all_unicode_encodings = [
     "cp037",
     "cp1006",
     "cp1026",
+    "cp1125",
     "cp1140",
     "cp1250",
     "cp1251",
@@ -2370,60 +2419,93 @@ bytes_transform_encodings = [
     "quopri_codec",
     "hex_codec",
 ]
+
+transform_aliases = {
+    "base64_codec": ["base64", "base_64"],
+    "uu_codec": ["uu"],
+    "quopri_codec": ["quopri", "quoted_printable", "quotedprintable"],
+    "hex_codec": ["hex"],
+    "rot_13": ["rot13"],
+}
+
 try:
     import zlib
 except ImportError:
-    pass
+    zlib = None
 else:
     bytes_transform_encodings.append("zlib_codec")
+    transform_aliases["zlib_codec"] = ["zip", "zlib"]
 try:
     import bz2
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
     bytes_transform_encodings.append("bz2_codec")
+    transform_aliases["bz2_codec"] = ["bz2"]
 
 class TransformCodecTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_basics(self):
         binput = bytes(range(256))
         for encoding in bytes_transform_encodings:
-            # generic codecs interface
-            (o, size) = codecs.getencoder(encoding)(binput)
-            self.assertEqual(size, len(binput))
-            (i, size) = codecs.getdecoder(encoding)(o)
-            self.assertEqual(size, len(o))
-            self.assertEqual(i, binput)
+            with self.subTest(encoding=encoding):
+                # generic codecs interface
+                (o, size) = codecs.getencoder(encoding)(binput)
+                self.assertEqual(size, len(binput))
+                (i, size) = codecs.getdecoder(encoding)(o)
+                self.assertEqual(size, len(o))
+                self.assertEqual(i, binput)
 
     def test_read(self):
         for encoding in bytes_transform_encodings:
-            sin = codecs.encode(b"\x80", encoding)
-            reader = codecs.getreader(encoding)(io.BytesIO(sin))
-            sout = reader.read()
-            self.assertEqual(sout, b"\x80")
+            with self.subTest(encoding=encoding):
+                sin = codecs.encode(b"\x80", encoding)
+                reader = codecs.getreader(encoding)(io.BytesIO(sin))
+                sout = reader.read()
+                self.assertEqual(sout, b"\x80")
 
     def test_readline(self):
         for encoding in bytes_transform_encodings:
-            sin = codecs.encode(b"\x80", encoding)
-            reader = codecs.getreader(encoding)(io.BytesIO(sin))
-            sout = reader.readline()
-            self.assertEqual(sout, b"\x80")
+            with self.subTest(encoding=encoding):
+                sin = codecs.encode(b"\x80", encoding)
+                reader = codecs.getreader(encoding)(io.BytesIO(sin))
+                sout = reader.readline()
+                self.assertEqual(sout, b"\x80")
+
+    def test_buffer_api_usage(self):
+        # We check all the transform codecs accept memoryview input
+        # for encoding and decoding
+        # and also that they roundtrip correctly
+        original = b"12345\x80"
+        for encoding in bytes_transform_encodings:
+            with self.subTest(encoding=encoding):
+                data = original
+                view = memoryview(data)
+                data = codecs.encode(data, encoding)
+                view_encoded = codecs.encode(view, encoding)
+                self.assertEqual(view_encoded, data)
+                view = memoryview(data)
+                data = codecs.decode(data, encoding)
+                self.assertEqual(data, original)
+                view_decoded = codecs.decode(view, encoding)
+                self.assertEqual(view_decoded, data)
 
     def test_text_to_binary_blacklists_binary_transforms(self):
         # Check binary -> binary codecs give a good error for str input
         bad_input = "bad input type"
         for encoding in bytes_transform_encodings:
-            fmt = (r"{!r} is not a text encoding; "
-                   r"use codecs.encode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
-            msg = fmt.format(encoding)
-            with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg) as failure:
-                bad_input.encode(encoding)
-            self.assertIsNone(failure.exception.__cause__)
+            with self.subTest(encoding=encoding):
+                fmt = ( "{!r} is not a text encoding; "
+                        "use codecs.encode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
+                msg = fmt.format(encoding)
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg) as failure:
+                    bad_input.encode(encoding)
+                self.assertIsNone(failure.exception.__cause__)
 
     def test_text_to_binary_blacklists_text_transforms(self):
         # Check str.encode gives a good error message for str -> str codecs
         msg = (r"^'rot_13' is not a text encoding; "
-               r"use codecs.encode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
+                "use codecs.encode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
             "just an example message".encode("rot_13")
 
@@ -2432,23 +2514,224 @@ class TransformCodecTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # message for binary -> binary codecs
         data = b"encode first to ensure we meet any format restrictions"
         for encoding in bytes_transform_encodings:
-            encoded_data = codecs.encode(data, encoding)
-            fmt = (r"{!r} is not a text encoding; "
-                   r"use codecs.decode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
-            msg = fmt.format(encoding)
-            with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
-                encoded_data.decode(encoding)
-            with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
-                bytearray(encoded_data).decode(encoding)
+            with self.subTest(encoding=encoding):
+                encoded_data = codecs.encode(data, encoding)
+                fmt = (r"{!r} is not a text encoding; "
+                        "use codecs.decode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
+                msg = fmt.format(encoding)
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
+                    encoded_data.decode(encoding)
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
+                    bytearray(encoded_data).decode(encoding)
 
     def test_binary_to_text_blacklists_text_transforms(self):
         # Check str -> str codec gives a good error for binary input
         for bad_input in (b"immutable", bytearray(b"mutable")):
-            msg = (r"^'rot_13' is not a text encoding; "
-                   r"use codecs.decode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
-            with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg) as failure:
-                bad_input.decode("rot_13")
-            self.assertIsNone(failure.exception.__cause__)
+            with self.subTest(bad_input=bad_input):
+                msg = (r"^'rot_13' is not a text encoding; "
+                        "use codecs.decode\(\) to handle arbitrary codecs")
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg) as failure:
+                    bad_input.decode("rot_13")
+                self.assertIsNone(failure.exception.__cause__)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(zlib, "Requires zlib support")
+    def test_custom_zlib_error_is_wrapped(self):
+        # Check zlib codec gives a good error for malformed input
+        msg = "^decoding with 'zlib_codec' codec failed"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, msg) as failure:
+            codecs.decode(b"hello", "zlib_codec")
+        self.assertIsInstance(failure.exception.__cause__,
+                                                type(failure.exception))
+
+    def test_custom_hex_error_is_wrapped(self):
+        # Check hex codec gives a good error for malformed input
+        msg = "^decoding with 'hex_codec' codec failed"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, msg) as failure:
+            codecs.decode(b"hello", "hex_codec")
+        self.assertIsInstance(failure.exception.__cause__,
+                                                type(failure.exception))
+
+    # Unfortunately, the bz2 module throws OSError, which the codec
+    # machinery currently can't wrap :(
+
+    # Ensure codec aliases from http://bugs.python.org/issue7475 work
+    def test_aliases(self):
+        for codec_name, aliases in transform_aliases.items():
+            expected_name = codecs.lookup(codec_name).name
+            for alias in aliases:
+                with self.subTest(alias=alias):
+                    info = codecs.lookup(alias)
+                    self.assertEqual(info.name, expected_name)
+
+
+# The codec system tries to wrap exceptions in order to ensure the error
+# mentions the operation being performed and the codec involved. We
+# currently *only* want this to happen for relatively stateless
+# exceptions, where the only significant information they contain is their
+# type and a single str argument.
+
+# Use a local codec registry to avoid appearing to leak objects when
+# registering multiple seach functions
+_TEST_CODECS = {}
+
+def _get_test_codec(codec_name):
+    return _TEST_CODECS.get(codec_name)
+codecs.register(_get_test_codec) # Returns None, not usable as a decorator
+
+class ExceptionChainingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # There's no way to unregister a codec search function, so we just
+        # ensure we render this one fairly harmless after the test
+        # case finishes by using the test case repr as the codec name
+        # The codecs module normalizes codec names, although this doesn't
+        # appear to be formally documented...
+        # We also make sure we use a truly unique id for the custom codec
+        # to avoid issues with the codec cache when running these tests
+        # multiple times (e.g. when hunting for refleaks)
+        unique_id = repr(self) + str(id(self))
+        self.codec_name = encodings.normalize_encoding(unique_id).lower()
+
+        # We store the object to raise on the instance because of a bad
+        # interaction between the codec caching (which means we can't
+        # recreate the codec entry) and regrtest refleak hunting (which
+        # runs the same test instance multiple times). This means we
+        # need to ensure the codecs call back in to the instance to find
+        # out which exception to raise rather than binding them in a
+        # closure to an object that may change on the next run
+        self.obj_to_raise = RuntimeError
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        _TEST_CODECS.pop(self.codec_name, None)
+
+    def set_codec(self, encode, decode):
+        codec_info = codecs.CodecInfo(encode, decode,
+                                      name=self.codec_name)
+        _TEST_CODECS[self.codec_name] = codec_info
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def assertWrapped(self, operation, exc_type, msg):
+        full_msg = r"{} with {!r} codec failed \({}: {}\)".format(
+                  operation, self.codec_name, exc_type.__name__, msg)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(exc_type, full_msg) as caught:
+            yield caught
+        self.assertIsInstance(caught.exception.__cause__, exc_type)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(caught.exception.__cause__.__traceback__)
+
+    def raise_obj(self, *args, **kwds):
+        # Helper to dynamically change the object raised by a test codec
+        raise self.obj_to_raise
+
+    def check_wrapped(self, obj_to_raise, msg, exc_type=RuntimeError):
+        self.obj_to_raise = obj_to_raise
+        self.set_codec(self.raise_obj, self.raise_obj)
+        with self.assertWrapped("encoding", exc_type, msg):
+            "str_input".encode(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertWrapped("encoding", exc_type, msg):
+            codecs.encode("str_input", self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertWrapped("decoding", exc_type, msg):
+            b"bytes input".decode(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertWrapped("decoding", exc_type, msg):
+            codecs.decode(b"bytes input", self.codec_name)
+
+    def test_raise_by_type(self):
+        self.check_wrapped(RuntimeError, "")
+
+    def test_raise_by_value(self):
+        msg = "This should be wrapped"
+        self.check_wrapped(RuntimeError(msg), msg)
+
+    def test_raise_grandchild_subclass_exact_size(self):
+        msg = "This should be wrapped"
+        class MyRuntimeError(RuntimeError):
+            __slots__ = ()
+        self.check_wrapped(MyRuntimeError(msg), msg, MyRuntimeError)
+
+    def test_raise_subclass_with_weakref_support(self):
+        msg = "This should be wrapped"
+        class MyRuntimeError(RuntimeError):
+            pass
+        self.check_wrapped(MyRuntimeError(msg), msg, MyRuntimeError)
+
+    def check_not_wrapped(self, obj_to_raise, msg):
+        def raise_obj(*args, **kwds):
+            raise obj_to_raise
+        self.set_codec(raise_obj, raise_obj)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, msg):
+            "str input".encode(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, msg):
+            codecs.encode("str input", self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, msg):
+            b"bytes input".decode(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, msg):
+            codecs.decode(b"bytes input", self.codec_name)
+
+    def test_init_override_is_not_wrapped(self):
+        class CustomInit(RuntimeError):
+            def __init__(self):
+                pass
+        self.check_not_wrapped(CustomInit, "")
+
+    def test_new_override_is_not_wrapped(self):
+        class CustomNew(RuntimeError):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                return super().__new__(cls)
+        self.check_not_wrapped(CustomNew, "")
+
+    def test_instance_attribute_is_not_wrapped(self):
+        msg = "This should NOT be wrapped"
+        exc = RuntimeError(msg)
+        exc.attr = 1
+        self.check_not_wrapped(exc, "^{}$".format(msg))
+
+    def test_non_str_arg_is_not_wrapped(self):
+        self.check_not_wrapped(RuntimeError(1), "1")
+
+    def test_multiple_args_is_not_wrapped(self):
+        msg_re = r"^\('a', 'b', 'c'\)$"
+        self.check_not_wrapped(RuntimeError('a', 'b', 'c'), msg_re)
+
+    # http://bugs.python.org/issue19609
+    def test_codec_lookup_failure_not_wrapped(self):
+        msg = "^unknown encoding: {}$".format(self.codec_name)
+        # The initial codec lookup should not be wrapped
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
+            "str input".encode(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
+            codecs.encode("str input", self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
+            b"bytes input".decode(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, msg):
+            codecs.decode(b"bytes input", self.codec_name)
+
+    def test_unflagged_non_text_codec_handling(self):
+        # The stdlib non-text codecs are now marked so they're
+        # pre-emptively skipped by the text model related methods
+        # However, third party codecs won't be flagged, so we still make
+        # sure the case where an inappropriate output type is produced is
+        # handled appropriately
+        def encode_to_str(*args, **kwds):
+            return "not bytes!", 0
+        def decode_to_bytes(*args, **kwds):
+            return b"not str!", 0
+        self.set_codec(encode_to_str, decode_to_bytes)
+        # No input or output type checks on the codecs module functions
+        encoded = codecs.encode(None, self.codec_name)
+        self.assertEqual(encoded, "not bytes!")
+        decoded = codecs.decode(None, self.codec_name)
+        self.assertEqual(decoded, b"not str!")
+        # Text model methods should complain
+        fmt = (r"^{!r} encoder returned 'str' instead of 'bytes'; "
+                "use codecs.encode\(\) to encode to arbitrary types$")
+        msg = fmt.format(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            "str_input".encode(self.codec_name)
+        fmt = (r"^{!r} decoder returned 'bytes' instead of 'str'; "
+                "use codecs.decode\(\) to decode to arbitrary types$")
+        msg = fmt.format(self.codec_name)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            b"bytes input".decode(self.codec_name)
+
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'win32',
@@ -2460,8 +2743,8 @@ class CodePageTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_invalid_code_page(self):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, codecs.code_page_encode, -1, 'a')
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, codecs.code_page_decode, -1, b'a')
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, codecs.code_page_encode, 123, 'a')
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, codecs.code_page_decode, 123, b'a')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, codecs.code_page_encode, 123, 'a')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, codecs.code_page_decode, 123, b'a')
 
     def test_code_page_name(self):
         self.assertRaisesRegex(UnicodeEncodeError, 'cp932',
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_coding.py b/Lib/test/test_coding.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 989c7a85d2..0000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_coding.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-import unittest
-from test.support import TESTFN, unlink, unload
-import importlib, os, sys
-
-class CodingTest(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_bad_coding(self):
-        module_name = 'bad_coding'
-        self.verify_bad_module(module_name)
-
-    def test_bad_coding2(self):
-        module_name = 'bad_coding2'
-        self.verify_bad_module(module_name)
-
-    def verify_bad_module(self, module_name):
-        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, __import__, 'test.' + module_name)
-
-        path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
-        filename = os.path.join(path, module_name + '.py')
-        with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
-            bytes = fp.read()
-        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, bytes, filename, 'exec')
-
-    def test_exec_valid_coding(self):
-        d = {}
-        exec(b'# coding: cp949\na = "\xaa\xa7"\n', d)
-        self.assertEqual(d['a'], '\u3047')
-
-    def test_file_parse(self):
-        # issue1134: all encodings outside latin-1 and utf-8 fail on
-        # multiline strings and long lines (>512 columns)
-        unload(TESTFN)
-        filename = TESTFN + ".py"
-        f = open(filename, "w", encoding="cp1252")
-        sys.path.insert(0, os.curdir)
-        try:
-            with f:
-                f.write("# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-\n")
-                f.write("'''A short string\n")
-                f.write("'''\n")
-                f.write("'A very long string %s'\n" % ("X" * 1000))
-
-            importlib.invalidate_caches()
-            __import__(TESTFN)
-        finally:
-            del sys.path[0]
-            unlink(filename)
-            unlink(filename + "c")
-            unlink(filename + "o")
-            unload(TESTFN)
-
-    def test_error_from_string(self):
-        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue6289
-        input = "# coding: ascii\n\N{SNOWMAN}".encode('utf-8')
-        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as c:
-            compile(input, "<string>", "exec")
-        expected = "'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 16: " \
-                   "ordinal not in range(128)"
-        self.assertTrue(c.exception.args[0].startswith(expected),
-                        msg=c.exception.args[0])
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_collections.py b/Lib/test/test_collections.py
index ff52755354..ee28a6c0b3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_collections.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_collections.py
@@ -112,6 +112,38 @@ class TestChainMap(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(dict(d), dict(a=1, b=2, c=30))
         self.assertEqual(dict(d.items()), dict(a=1, b=2, c=30))
 
+    def test_new_child(self):
+        'Tests for changes for issue #16613.'
+        c = ChainMap()
+        c['a'] = 1
+        c['b'] = 2
+        m = {'b':20, 'c': 30}
+        d = c.new_child(m)
+        self.assertEqual(d.maps, [{'b':20, 'c':30}, {'a':1, 'b':2}])  # check internal state
+        self.assertIs(m, d.maps[0])
+
+        # Use a different map than a dict
+        class lowerdict(dict):
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                if isinstance(key, str):
+                    key = key.lower()
+                return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
+            def __contains__(self, key):
+                if isinstance(key, str):
+                    key = key.lower()
+                return dict.__contains__(self, key)
+
+        c = ChainMap()
+        c['a'] = 1
+        c['b'] = 2
+        m = lowerdict(b=20, c=30)
+        d = c.new_child(m)
+        self.assertIs(m, d.maps[0])
+        for key in 'abc':                                             # check contains
+            self.assertIn(key, d)
+        for k, v in dict(a=1, B=20, C=30, z=100).items():             # check get
+            self.assertEqual(d.get(k, 100), v)
+
 
 ################################################################################
 ### Named Tuples
@@ -269,7 +301,7 @@ class TestNamedTuple(unittest.TestCase):
         for module in (pickle,):
             loads = getattr(module, 'loads')
             dumps = getattr(module, 'dumps')
-            for protocol in -1, 0, 1, 2:
+            for protocol in range(-1, module.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
                 q = loads(dumps(p, protocol))
                 self.assertEqual(p, q)
                 self.assertEqual(p._fields, q._fields)
@@ -750,6 +782,8 @@ class TestCollectionABCs(ABCTestCase):
             self.assertTrue(issubclass(sample, Sequence))
         self.assertIsInstance(range(10), Sequence)
         self.assertTrue(issubclass(range, Sequence))
+        self.assertIsInstance(memoryview(b""), Sequence)
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(memoryview, Sequence))
         self.assertTrue(issubclass(str, Sequence))
         self.validate_abstract_methods(Sequence, '__contains__', '__iter__', '__len__',
             '__getitem__')
@@ -904,23 +938,26 @@ class TestCounter(unittest.TestCase):
         words = Counter('which witch had which witches wrist watch'.split())
         update_test = Counter()
         update_test.update(words)
-        for i, dup in enumerate([
-                    words.copy(),
-                    copy.copy(words),
-                    copy.deepcopy(words),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 0)),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 1)),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 2)),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, -1)),
-                    eval(repr(words)),
-                    update_test,
-                    Counter(words),
-                    ]):
-            msg = (i, dup, words)
-            self.assertTrue(dup is not words)
-            self.assertEqual(dup, words)
-            self.assertEqual(len(dup), len(words))
-            self.assertEqual(type(dup), type(words))
+        for label, dup in [
+                    ('words.copy()', words.copy()),
+                    ('copy.copy(words)', copy.copy(words)),
+                    ('copy.deepcopy(words)', copy.deepcopy(words)),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 0))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 0))),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 1))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 1))),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 2))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 2))),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, -1))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, -1))),
+                    ('eval(repr(words))', eval(repr(words))),
+                    ('update_test', update_test),
+                    ('Counter(words)', Counter(words)),
+                    ]:
+            with self.subTest(label=label):
+                msg = "\ncopy: %s\nwords: %s" % (dup, words)
+                self.assertIsNot(dup, words, msg)
+                self.assertEqual(dup, words)
 
     def test_copy_subclass(self):
         class MyCounter(Counter):
@@ -1043,8 +1080,10 @@ class TestCounter(unittest.TestCase):
         # test fidelity to the pure python version
         c = CounterSubclassWithSetItem('abracadabra')
         self.assertTrue(c.called)
+        self.assertEqual(dict(c), {'a': 5, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 1, 'r':2 })
         c = CounterSubclassWithGet('abracadabra')
         self.assertTrue(c.called)
+        self.assertEqual(dict(c), {'a': 5, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 1, 'r':2 })
 
 
 ################################################################################
@@ -1205,24 +1244,28 @@ class TestOrderedDict(unittest.TestCase):
         od = OrderedDict(pairs)
         update_test = OrderedDict()
         update_test.update(od)
-        for i, dup in enumerate([
-                    od.copy(),
-                    copy.copy(od),
-                    copy.deepcopy(od),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 0)),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 1)),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 2)),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 3)),
-                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, -1)),
-                    eval(repr(od)),
-                    update_test,
-                    OrderedDict(od),
-                    ]):
-            self.assertTrue(dup is not od)
-            self.assertEqual(dup, od)
-            self.assertEqual(list(dup.items()), list(od.items()))
-            self.assertEqual(len(dup), len(od))
-            self.assertEqual(type(dup), type(od))
+        for label, dup in [
+                    ('od.copy()', od.copy()),
+                    ('copy.copy(od)', copy.copy(od)),
+                    ('copy.deepcopy(od)', copy.deepcopy(od)),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 0))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 0))),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 1))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 1))),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 2))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 2))),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 3))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 3))),
+                    ('pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, -1))',
+                        pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, -1))),
+                    ('eval(repr(od))', eval(repr(od))),
+                    ('update_test', update_test),
+                    ('OrderedDict(od)', OrderedDict(od)),
+                    ]:
+            with self.subTest(label=label):
+                msg = "\ncopy: %s\nod: %s" % (dup, od)
+                self.assertIsNot(dup, od, msg)
+                self.assertEqual(dup, od)
 
     def test_yaml_linkage(self):
         # Verify that __reduce__ is setup in a way that supports PyYAML's dump() feature.
@@ -1237,9 +1280,18 @@ class TestOrderedDict(unittest.TestCase):
         # do not save instance dictionary if not needed
         pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
         od = OrderedDict(pairs)
-        self.assertEqual(len(od.__reduce__()), 2)
+        self.assertIsNone(od.__reduce__()[2])
         od.x = 10
-        self.assertEqual(len(od.__reduce__()), 3)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(od.__reduce__()[2])
+
+    def test_pickle_recursive(self):
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od[1] = od
+        for proto in range(-1, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            dup = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, proto))
+            self.assertIsNot(dup, od)
+            self.assertEqual(list(dup.keys()), [1])
+            self.assertIs(dup[1], dup)
 
     def test_repr(self):
         od = OrderedDict([('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)])
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_colorsys.py b/Lib/test/test_colorsys.py
index e405b8a4d0..a24e3adcb4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_colorsys.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_colorsys.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import unittest, test.support
+import unittest
 import colorsys
 
 def frange(start, stop, step):
@@ -69,8 +69,32 @@ class ColorsysTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertTripleEqual(hls, colorsys.rgb_to_hls(*rgb))
             self.assertTripleEqual(rgb, colorsys.hls_to_rgb(*hls))
 
-def test_main():
-    test.support.run_unittest(ColorsysTest)
+    def test_yiq_roundtrip(self):
+        for r in frange(0.0, 1.0, 0.2):
+            for g in frange(0.0, 1.0, 0.2):
+                for b in frange(0.0, 1.0, 0.2):
+                    rgb = (r, g, b)
+                    self.assertTripleEqual(
+                        rgb,
+                        colorsys.yiq_to_rgb(*colorsys.rgb_to_yiq(*rgb))
+                    )
+
+    def test_yiq_values(self):
+        values = [
+            # rgb, yiq
+            ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)), # black
+            ((0.0, 0.0, 1.0), (0.11, -0.3217, 0.3121)), # blue
+            ((0.0, 1.0, 0.0), (0.59, -0.2773, -0.5251)), # green
+            ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.7, -0.599, -0.213)), # cyan
+            ((1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (0.3, 0.599, 0.213)), # red
+            ((1.0, 0.0, 1.0), (0.41, 0.2773, 0.5251)), # purple
+            ((1.0, 1.0, 0.0), (0.89, 0.3217, -0.3121)), # yellow
+            ((1.0, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), # white
+            ((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.0, 0.0)), # grey
+        ]
+        for (rgb, yiq) in values:
+            self.assertTripleEqual(yiq, colorsys.rgb_to_yiq(*rgb))
+            self.assertTripleEqual(rgb, colorsys.yiq_to_rgb(*yiq))
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compileall.py b/Lib/test/test_compileall.py
index 0505c521d1..2a42238755 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compileall.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compileall.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 import sys
 import compileall
-import imp
+import importlib.util
 import os
 import py_compile
 import shutil
 import struct
-import subprocess
 import tempfile
 import time
 import unittest
@@ -18,11 +17,11 @@ class CompileallTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.directory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
         self.source_path = os.path.join(self.directory, '_test.py')
-        self.bc_path = imp.cache_from_source(self.source_path)
+        self.bc_path = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.source_path)
         with open(self.source_path, 'w') as file:
             file.write('x = 123\n')
         self.source_path2 = os.path.join(self.directory, '_test2.py')
-        self.bc_path2 = imp.cache_from_source(self.source_path2)
+        self.bc_path2 = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.source_path2)
         shutil.copyfile(self.source_path, self.source_path2)
         self.subdirectory = os.path.join(self.directory, '_subdir')
         os.mkdir(self.subdirectory)
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class CompileallTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with open(self.bc_path, 'rb') as file:
             data = file.read(8)
         mtime = int(os.stat(self.source_path).st_mtime)
-        compare = struct.pack('<4sl', imp.get_magic(), mtime)
+        compare = struct.pack('<4sl', importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER, mtime)
         return data, compare
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'stat'), 'test needs os.stat()')
@@ -56,7 +55,8 @@ class CompileallTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_mtime(self):
         # Test a change in mtime leads to a new .pyc.
-        self.recreation_check(struct.pack('<4sl', imp.get_magic(), 1))
+        self.recreation_check(struct.pack('<4sl', importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER,
+                                          1))
 
     def test_magic_number(self):
         # Test a change in mtime leads to a new .pyc.
@@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ class CompileallTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # interpreter's creates the correct file names
         optimize = 1 if __debug__ else 0
         compileall.compile_dir(self.directory, quiet=True, optimize=optimize)
-        cached = imp.cache_from_source(self.source_path,
-                                       debug_override=not optimize)
+        cached = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.source_path,
+                                                  debug_override=not optimize)
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(cached))
-        cached2 = imp.cache_from_source(self.source_path2,
-                                       debug_override=not optimize)
+        cached2 = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.source_path2,
+                                                   debug_override=not optimize)
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(cached2))
-        cached3 = imp.cache_from_source(self.source_path3,
-                                       debug_override=not optimize)
+        cached3 = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.source_path3,
+                                                   debug_override=not optimize)
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(cached3))
 
 
@@ -151,10 +151,12 @@ class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
         return rc, out, err
 
     def assertCompiled(self, fn):
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(imp.cache_from_source(fn)))
+        path = importlib.util.cache_from_source(fn)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(path))
 
     def assertNotCompiled(self, fn):
-        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(imp.cache_from_source(fn)))
+        path = importlib.util.cache_from_source(fn)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(path))
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.addCleanup(self._cleanup)
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_no_args_respects_force_flag(self):
         bazfn = script_helper.make_script(self.directory, 'baz', '')
         self.assertRunOK(PYTHONPATH=self.directory)
-        pycpath = imp.cache_from_source(bazfn)
+        pycpath = importlib.util.cache_from_source(bazfn)
         # Set atime/mtime backward to avoid file timestamp resolution issues
         os.utime(pycpath, (time.time()-60,)*2)
         mtime = os.stat(pycpath).st_mtime
@@ -212,8 +214,8 @@ class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 ['-m', 'compileall', '-q', self.pkgdir]))
             # Verify the __pycache__ directory contents.
             self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.pkgdir_cachedir))
-            expected = sorted(base.format(imp.get_tag(), ext) for base in
-                              ('__init__.{}.{}', 'bar.{}.{}'))
+            expected = sorted(base.format(sys.implementation.cache_tag, ext)
+                              for base in ('__init__.{}.{}', 'bar.{}.{}'))
             self.assertEqual(sorted(os.listdir(self.pkgdir_cachedir)), expected)
             # Make sure there are no .pyc files in the source directory.
             self.assertFalse([fn for fn in os.listdir(self.pkgdir)
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_force(self):
         self.assertRunOK('-q', self.pkgdir)
-        pycpath = imp.cache_from_source(self.barfn)
+        pycpath = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.barfn)
         # set atime/mtime backward to avoid file timestamp resolution issues
         os.utime(pycpath, (time.time()-60,)*2)
         mtime = os.stat(pycpath).st_mtime
@@ -310,10 +312,10 @@ class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
         bazfn = script_helper.make_script(self.pkgdir, 'baz', 'raise Exception')
         self.assertRunOK('-q', '-d', 'dinsdale', self.pkgdir)
         fn = script_helper.make_script(self.pkgdir, 'bing', 'import baz')
-        pyc = imp.cache_from_source(bazfn)
+        pyc = importlib.util.cache_from_source(bazfn)
         os.rename(pyc, os.path.join(self.pkgdir, 'baz.pyc'))
         os.remove(bazfn)
-        rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure(fn)
+        rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure(fn, __isolated=False)
         self.assertRegex(err, b'File "dinsdale')
 
     def test_include_bad_file(self):
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
             '-i', os.path.join(self.directory, 'nosuchfile'), self.pkgdir)
         self.assertRegex(out, b'rror.*nosuchfile')
         self.assertNotRegex(err, b'Traceback')
-        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(imp.cache_from_source(
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(importlib.util.cache_from_source(
                                             self.pkgdir_cachedir)))
 
     def test_include_file_with_arg(self):
@@ -378,13 +380,5 @@ class CommandLineTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRegex(out, b"Can't list 'badfilename'")
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(
-        CommandLineTests,
-        CompileallTests,
-        EncodingTest,
-        )
-
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_complex.py b/Lib/test/test_complex.py
index 1bf409798b..cd55375bdb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_complex.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_complex.py
@@ -220,6 +220,8 @@ class ComplexTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, complex, OS(None))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, complex, NS(None))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, complex, {})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, complex, NS(1.5))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, complex, NS(1))
 
         self.assertAlmostEqual(complex("1+10j"), 1+10j)
         self.assertAlmostEqual(complex(10), 10+0j)
@@ -301,6 +303,7 @@ class ComplexTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, float, 5+3j)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, complex, "")
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, complex, None)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not 'NoneType'", complex, None)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, complex, "\0")
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, complex, "3\09")
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, complex, "1", "2")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py
index 04c4c3717e..c74b2ca6ed 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import sys
 import threading
 import time
 import unittest
+import weakref
 
 from concurrent import futures
 from concurrent.futures._base import (
@@ -52,6 +53,11 @@ def sleep_and_print(t, msg):
     sys.stdout.flush()
 
 
+class MyObject(object):
+    def my_method(self):
+        pass
+
+
 class ExecutorMixin:
     worker_count = 5
 
@@ -403,6 +409,22 @@ class ExecutorTest:
         self.executor.map(str, [2] * (self.worker_count + 1))
         self.executor.shutdown()
 
+    @test.support.cpython_only
+    def test_no_stale_references(self):
+        # Issue #16284: check that the executors don't unnecessarily hang onto
+        # references.
+        my_object = MyObject()
+        my_object_collected = threading.Event()
+        my_object_callback = weakref.ref(
+            my_object, lambda obj: my_object_collected.set())
+        # Deliberately discarding the future.
+        self.executor.submit(my_object.my_method)
+        del my_object
+
+        collected = my_object_collected.wait(timeout=5.0)
+        self.assertTrue(collected,
+                        "Stale reference not collected within timeout.")
+
 
 class ThreadPoolExecutorTest(ThreadPoolMixin, ExecutorTest, unittest.TestCase):
     def test_map_submits_without_iteration(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py b/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py
index e38d043a5b..39cc776dbc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_contextlib.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """Unit tests for contextlib.py, and other context managers."""
 
+import io
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import unittest
@@ -100,15 +101,25 @@ class ContextManagerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(baz.__name__,'baz')
         self.assertEqual(baz.foo, 'bar')
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
-                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    @support.requires_docstrings
     def test_contextmanager_doc_attrib(self):
         baz = self._create_contextmanager_attribs()
         self.assertEqual(baz.__doc__, "Whee!")
 
+    @support.requires_docstrings
+    def test_instance_docstring_given_cm_docstring(self):
+        baz = self._create_contextmanager_attribs()(None)
+        self.assertEqual(baz.__doc__, "Whee!")
+
+
 class ClosingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    # XXX This needs more work
+    @support.requires_docstrings
+    def test_instance_docs(self):
+        # Issue 19330: ensure context manager instances have good docstrings
+        cm_docstring = closing.__doc__
+        obj = closing(None)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, cm_docstring)
 
     def test_closing(self):
         state = []
@@ -204,6 +215,7 @@ class LockContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class mycontext(ContextDecorator):
+    """Example decoration-compatible context manager for testing"""
     started = False
     exc = None
     catch = False
@@ -219,6 +231,13 @@ class mycontext(ContextDecorator):
 
 class TestContextDecorator(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    @support.requires_docstrings
+    def test_instance_docs(self):
+        # Issue 19330: ensure context manager instances have good docstrings
+        cm_docstring = mycontext.__doc__
+        obj = mycontext()
+        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, cm_docstring)
+
     def test_contextdecorator(self):
         context = mycontext()
         with context as result:
@@ -372,6 +391,13 @@ class TestContextDecorator(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestExitStack(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    @support.requires_docstrings
+    def test_instance_docs(self):
+        # Issue 19330: ensure context manager instances have good docstrings
+        cm_docstring = ExitStack.__doc__
+        obj = ExitStack()
+        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, cm_docstring)
+
     def test_no_resources(self):
         with ExitStack():
             pass
@@ -692,10 +718,111 @@ class TestExitStack(unittest.TestCase):
         stack.push(cm)
         self.assertIs(stack._exit_callbacks[-1], cm)
 
+class TestRedirectStdout(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @support.requires_docstrings
+    def test_instance_docs(self):
+        # Issue 19330: ensure context manager instances have good docstrings
+        cm_docstring = redirect_stdout.__doc__
+        obj = redirect_stdout(None)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, cm_docstring)
+
+    def test_no_redirect_in_init(self):
+        orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+        redirect_stdout(None)
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+
+    def test_redirect_to_string_io(self):
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        msg = "Consider an API like help(), which prints directly to stdout"
+        orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+        with redirect_stdout(f):
+            print(msg)
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+        s = f.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(s, msg)
+
+    def test_enter_result_is_target(self):
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        with redirect_stdout(f) as enter_result:
+            self.assertIs(enter_result, f)
+
+    def test_cm_is_reusable(self):
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        write_to_f = redirect_stdout(f)
+        orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+        with write_to_f:
+            print("Hello", end=" ")
+        with write_to_f:
+            print("World!")
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+        s = f.getvalue()
+        self.assertEqual(s, "Hello World!\n")
+
+    def test_cm_is_reentrant(self):
+        f = io.StringIO()
+        write_to_f = redirect_stdout(f)
+        orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+        with write_to_f:
+            print("Hello", end=" ")
+            with write_to_f:
+                print("World!")
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+        s = f.getvalue()
+        self.assertEqual(s, "Hello World!\n")
+
+
+class TestSuppress(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @support.requires_docstrings
+    def test_instance_docs(self):
+        # Issue 19330: ensure context manager instances have good docstrings
+        cm_docstring = suppress.__doc__
+        obj = suppress()
+        self.assertEqual(obj.__doc__, cm_docstring)
+
+    def test_no_result_from_enter(self):
+        with suppress(ValueError) as enter_result:
+            self.assertIsNone(enter_result)
+
+    def test_no_exception(self):
+        with suppress(ValueError):
+            self.assertEqual(pow(2, 5), 32)
+
+    def test_exact_exception(self):
+        with suppress(TypeError):
+            len(5)
+
+    def test_exception_hierarchy(self):
+        with suppress(LookupError):
+            'Hello'[50]
+
+    def test_other_exception(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            with suppress(TypeError):
+                1/0
+
+    def test_no_args(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            with suppress():
+                1/0
 
-# This is needed to make the test actually run under regrtest.py!
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(__name__)
+    def test_multiple_exception_args(self):
+        with suppress(ZeroDivisionError, TypeError):
+            1/0
+        with suppress(ZeroDivisionError, TypeError):
+            len(5)
+
+    def test_cm_is_reentrant(self):
+        ignore_exceptions = suppress(Exception)
+        with ignore_exceptions:
+            pass
+        with ignore_exceptions:
+            len(5)
+        with ignore_exceptions:
+            1/0
+            with ignore_exceptions: # Check nested usage
+                len(5)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py b/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py
index 56766682b3..ce5d27edd6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_cprofile.py
@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ from test.support import run_unittest, TESTFN, unlink
 # rip off all interesting stuff from test_profile
 import cProfile
 from test.test_profile import ProfileTest, regenerate_expected_output
+from test.profilee import testfunc
 
 class CProfileTest(ProfileTest):
     profilerclass = cProfile.Profile
+    profilermodule = cProfile
     expected_max_output = "{built-in method max}"
 
     def get_expected_output(self):
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ class CProfileTest(ProfileTest):
                     obj.enable()
                     obj = _lsprof.Profiler(1)
                     obj.disable()
+                    obj.clear()
                 finally:
                     sys.stderr = orig_stderr
         finally:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_crypt.py b/Lib/test/test_crypt.py
index cfb7341e20..624d702f99 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_crypt.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_crypt.py
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 from test import support
 import unittest
 
-def setUpModule():
-    # this import will raise unittest.SkipTest if _crypt doesn't exist,
-    # so it has to be done in setUpModule for test discovery to work
-    global crypt
-    crypt = support.import_module('crypt')
+crypt = support.import_module('crypt')
 
 class CryptTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_csv.py b/Lib/test/test_csv.py
index 83f8cb3cb7..7e2485f954 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_csv.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_csv.py
@@ -136,12 +136,12 @@ class Test_Csv(unittest.TestCase):
                 return 10;
             def __getitem__(self, i):
                 if i > 2:
-                    raise IOError
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, self._write_test, BadList(), '')
+                    raise OSError
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self._write_test, BadList(), '')
         class BadItem:
             def __str__(self):
-                raise IOError
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, self._write_test, [BadItem()], '')
+                raise OSError
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self._write_test, [BadItem()], '')
 
     def test_write_bigfield(self):
         # This exercises the buffer realloc functionality
@@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ class Test_Csv(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_writerows(self):
         class BrokenFile:
             def write(self, buf):
-                raise IOError
+                raise OSError
         writer = csv.writer(BrokenFile())
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, writer.writerows, [['a']])
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, writer.writerows, [['a']])
 
         with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
             writer = csv.writer(fileobj)
@@ -308,6 +308,15 @@ class Test_Csv(unittest.TestCase):
             for i, row in enumerate(csv.reader(fileobj)):
                 self.assertEqual(row, rows[i])
 
+    def test_roundtrip_escaped_unquoted_newlines(self):
+        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
+            writer = csv.writer(fileobj,quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE,escapechar="\\")
+            rows = [['a\nb','b'],['c','x\r\nd']]
+            writer.writerows(rows)
+            fileobj.seek(0)
+            for i, row in enumerate(csv.reader(fileobj,quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE,escapechar="\\")):
+                self.assertEqual(row,rows[i])
+
 class TestDialectRegistry(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_registry_badargs(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.list_dialects, None)
@@ -836,10 +845,11 @@ class TestDialectValidity(unittest.TestCase):
             d = mydialect()
 
         for field_name in ("delimiter", "escapechar", "quotechar"):
-            self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, "")
-            self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, "abc")
-            self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, b'x')
-            self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, 5)
+            with self.subTest(field_name=field_name):
+                self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, "")
+                self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, "abc")
+                self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, b'x')
+                self.assertRaises(csv.Error, create_invalid, field_name, 5)
 
 
 class TestSniffer(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_curses.py b/Lib/test/test_curses.py
index 7310afc995..ce8f254bbb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_curses.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_curses.py
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ def window_funcs(stdscr):
     stdscr.notimeout(1)
     win2.overlay(win)
     win2.overwrite(win)
-    win2.overlay(win, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1)
-    win2.overwrite(win, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1)
+    win2.overlay(win, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3)
+    win2.overwrite(win, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3)
     stdscr.redrawln(1,2)
 
     stdscr.scrollok(1)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dbm.py b/Lib/test/test_dbm.py
index d11d924b30..623d9929d5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dbm.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dbm.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class AnyDBMTestCase:
         return keys
 
     def test_error(self):
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(self.module.error, IOError))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(self.module.error, OSError))
 
     def test_anydbm_not_existing(self):
         self.assertRaises(dbm.error, dbm.open, _fname)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dbm_dumb.py b/Lib/test/test_dbm_dumb.py
index 4f03ae7e58..7601e64638 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dbm_dumb.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dbm_dumb.py
@@ -183,6 +183,19 @@ class DumbDBMTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(expected, got)
             f.close()
 
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        with dumbdbm.open(_fname, 'c') as db:
+            db["dumbdbm context manager"] = "context manager"
+
+        with dumbdbm.open(_fname, 'r') as db:
+            self.assertEqual(list(db.keys()), [b"dumbdbm context manager"])
+
+        # This currently just raises AttributeError rather than a specific
+        # exception like the GNU or NDBM based implementations. See
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue19385 for details.
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
+            db.keys()
+
     def tearDown(self):
         _delete_files()
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dbm_gnu.py b/Lib/test/test_dbm_gnu.py
index 4fb66c54b8..a7808f51c7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dbm_gnu.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dbm_gnu.py
@@ -81,6 +81,17 @@ class TestGdbm(unittest.TestCase):
         size2 = os.path.getsize(filename)
         self.assertTrue(size1 > size2 >= size0)
 
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        with gdbm.open(filename, 'c') as db:
+            db["gdbm context manager"] = "context manager"
+
+        with gdbm.open(filename, 'r') as db:
+            self.assertEqual(list(db.keys()), [b"gdbm context manager"])
+
+        with self.assertRaises(gdbm.error) as cm:
+            db.keys()
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         "GDBM object has already been closed")
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dbm_ndbm.py b/Lib/test/test_dbm_ndbm.py
index b57e1f0653..2291561def 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dbm_ndbm.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dbm_ndbm.py
@@ -37,5 +37,18 @@ class DbmTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             except error:
                 self.fail()
 
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        with dbm.ndbm.open(self.filename, 'c') as db:
+            db["ndbm context manager"] = "context manager"
+
+        with dbm.ndbm.open(self.filename, 'r') as db:
+            self.assertEqual(list(db.keys()), [b"ndbm context manager"])
+
+        with self.assertRaises(dbm.ndbm.error) as cm:
+            db.keys()
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         "DBM object has already been closed")
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_deque.py b/Lib/test/test_deque.py
index a8487d2d95..7bff1d2798 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_deque.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_deque.py
@@ -543,8 +543,8 @@ class TestBasic(unittest.TestCase):
         check = self.check_sizeof
         check(deque(), basesize + blocksize)
         check(deque('a'), basesize + blocksize)
-        check(deque('a' * (BLOCKLEN // 2)), basesize + blocksize)
-        check(deque('a' * (BLOCKLEN // 2 + 1)), basesize + 2 * blocksize)
+        check(deque('a' * (BLOCKLEN - 1)), basesize + blocksize)
+        check(deque('a' * BLOCKLEN), basesize + 2 * blocksize)
         check(deque('a' * (42 * BLOCKLEN)), basesize + 43 * blocksize)
 
 class TestVariousIteratorArgs(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_descr.py b/Lib/test/test_descr.py
index 1a891a8063..2a9e329633 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_descr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_descr.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import builtins
+import copyreg
 import gc
+import itertools
+import math
+import pickle
 import sys
 import types
-import math
 import unittest
 import weakref
 
@@ -1797,6 +1800,7 @@ order (MRO) for bases """
             ("__trunc__", int, zero, set(), {}),
             ("__ceil__", math.ceil, zero, set(), {}),
             ("__dir__", dir, empty_seq, set(), {}),
+            ("__round__", round, zero, set(), {}),
             ]
 
         class Checker(object):
@@ -2258,7 +2262,9 @@ order (MRO) for bases """
         minstance = M("m")
         minstance.b = 2
         minstance.a = 1
-        names = [x for x in dir(minstance) if x not in ["__name__", "__doc__"]]
+        default_attributes = ['__name__', '__doc__', '__package__',
+                              '__loader__', '__spec__']
+        names = [x for x in dir(minstance) if x not in default_attributes]
         self.assertEqual(names, ['a', 'b'])
 
         class M2(M):
@@ -3151,176 +3157,6 @@ order (MRO) for bases """
             self.assertEqual(e.a, 1)
             self.assertEqual(can_delete_dict(e), can_delete_dict(ValueError()))
 
-    def test_pickles(self):
-        # Testing pickling and copying new-style classes and objects...
-        import pickle
-
-        def sorteditems(d):
-            L = list(d.items())
-            L.sort()
-            return L
-
-        global C
-        class C(object):
-            def __init__(self, a, b):
-                super(C, self).__init__()
-                self.a = a
-                self.b = b
-            def __repr__(self):
-                return "C(%r, %r)" % (self.a, self.b)
-
-        global C1
-        class C1(list):
-            def __new__(cls, a, b):
-                return super(C1, cls).__new__(cls)
-            def __getnewargs__(self):
-                return (self.a, self.b)
-            def __init__(self, a, b):
-                self.a = a
-                self.b = b
-            def __repr__(self):
-                return "C1(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, list(self))
-
-        global C2
-        class C2(int):
-            def __new__(cls, a, b, val=0):
-                return super(C2, cls).__new__(cls, val)
-            def __getnewargs__(self):
-                return (self.a, self.b, int(self))
-            def __init__(self, a, b, val=0):
-                self.a = a
-                self.b = b
-            def __repr__(self):
-                return "C2(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, int(self))
-
-        global C3
-        class C3(object):
-            def __init__(self, foo):
-                self.foo = foo
-            def __getstate__(self):
-                return self.foo
-            def __setstate__(self, foo):
-                self.foo = foo
-
-        global C4classic, C4
-        class C4classic: # classic
-            pass
-        class C4(C4classic, object): # mixed inheritance
-            pass
-
-        for bin in 0, 1:
-            for cls in C, C1, C2:
-                s = pickle.dumps(cls, bin)
-                cls2 = pickle.loads(s)
-                self.assertIs(cls2, cls)
-
-            a = C1(1, 2); a.append(42); a.append(24)
-            b = C2("hello", "world", 42)
-            s = pickle.dumps((a, b), bin)
-            x, y = pickle.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(x.__class__, a.__class__)
-            self.assertEqual(sorteditems(x.__dict__), sorteditems(a.__dict__))
-            self.assertEqual(y.__class__, b.__class__)
-            self.assertEqual(sorteditems(y.__dict__), sorteditems(b.__dict__))
-            self.assertEqual(repr(x), repr(a))
-            self.assertEqual(repr(y), repr(b))
-            # Test for __getstate__ and __setstate__ on new style class
-            u = C3(42)
-            s = pickle.dumps(u, bin)
-            v = pickle.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(u.__class__, v.__class__)
-            self.assertEqual(u.foo, v.foo)
-            # Test for picklability of hybrid class
-            u = C4()
-            u.foo = 42
-            s = pickle.dumps(u, bin)
-            v = pickle.loads(s)
-            self.assertEqual(u.__class__, v.__class__)
-            self.assertEqual(u.foo, v.foo)
-
-        # Testing copy.deepcopy()
-        import copy
-        for cls in C, C1, C2:
-            cls2 = copy.deepcopy(cls)
-            self.assertIs(cls2, cls)
-
-        a = C1(1, 2); a.append(42); a.append(24)
-        b = C2("hello", "world", 42)
-        x, y = copy.deepcopy((a, b))
-        self.assertEqual(x.__class__, a.__class__)
-        self.assertEqual(sorteditems(x.__dict__), sorteditems(a.__dict__))
-        self.assertEqual(y.__class__, b.__class__)
-        self.assertEqual(sorteditems(y.__dict__), sorteditems(b.__dict__))
-        self.assertEqual(repr(x), repr(a))
-        self.assertEqual(repr(y), repr(b))
-
-    def test_pickle_slots(self):
-        # Testing pickling of classes with __slots__ ...
-        import pickle
-        # Pickling of classes with __slots__ but without __getstate__ should fail
-        # (if using protocol 0 or 1)
-        global B, C, D, E
-        class B(object):
-            pass
-        for base in [object, B]:
-            class C(base):
-                __slots__ = ['a']
-            class D(C):
-                pass
-            try:
-                pickle.dumps(C(), 0)
-            except TypeError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                self.fail("should fail: pickle C instance - %s" % base)
-            try:
-                pickle.dumps(C(), 0)
-            except TypeError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                self.fail("should fail: pickle D instance - %s" % base)
-            # Give C a nice generic __getstate__ and __setstate__
-            class C(base):
-                __slots__ = ['a']
-                def __getstate__(self):
-                    try:
-                        d = self.__dict__.copy()
-                    except AttributeError:
-                        d = {}
-                    for cls in self.__class__.__mro__:
-                        for sn in cls.__dict__.get('__slots__', ()):
-                            try:
-                                d[sn] = getattr(self, sn)
-                            except AttributeError:
-                                pass
-                    return d
-                def __setstate__(self, d):
-                    for k, v in list(d.items()):
-                        setattr(self, k, v)
-            class D(C):
-                pass
-            # Now it should work
-            x = C()
-            y = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(x))
-            self.assertNotHasAttr(y, 'a')
-            x.a = 42
-            y = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(x))
-            self.assertEqual(y.a, 42)
-            x = D()
-            x.a = 42
-            x.b = 100
-            y = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(x))
-            self.assertEqual(y.a + y.b, 142)
-            # A subclass that adds a slot should also work
-            class E(C):
-                __slots__ = ['b']
-            x = E()
-            x.a = 42
-            x.b = "foo"
-            y = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(x))
-            self.assertEqual(y.a, x.a)
-            self.assertEqual(y.b, x.b)
-
     def test_binary_operator_override(self):
         # Testing overrides of binary operations...
         class I(int):
@@ -3745,18 +3581,8 @@ order (MRO) for bases """
         # bug).
         del c
 
-        # If that didn't blow up, it's also interesting to see whether clearing
-        # the last container slot works: that will attempt to delete c again,
-        # which will cause c to get appended back to the container again
-        # "during" the del.  (On non-CPython implementations, however, __del__
-        # is typically not called again.)
         support.gc_collect()
         self.assertEqual(len(C.container), 1)
-        del C.container[-1]
-        if support.check_impl_detail():
-            support.gc_collect()
-            self.assertEqual(len(C.container), 1)
-            self.assertEqual(C.container[-1].attr, 42)
 
         # Make c mortal again, so that the test framework with -l doesn't report
         # it as a leak.
@@ -4536,6 +4362,13 @@ order (MRO) for bases """
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, type.__dict__['__qualname__'].__set__,
                           str, 'Oink')
 
+        global Y
+        class Y:
+            class Inside:
+                pass
+        self.assertEqual(Y.__qualname__, 'Y')
+        self.assertEqual(Y.Inside.__qualname__, 'Y.Inside')
+
     def test_qualname_dict(self):
         ns = {'__qualname__': 'some.name'}
         tp = type('Foo', (), ns)
@@ -4691,11 +4524,453 @@ class MiscTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(X.mykey2, 'from Base2')
 
 
+class PicklingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def _check_reduce(self, proto, obj, args=(), kwargs={}, state=None,
+                      listitems=None, dictitems=None):
+        if proto >= 4:
+            reduce_value = obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+            self.assertEqual(reduce_value[:3],
+                             (copyreg.__newobj_ex__,
+                              (type(obj), args, kwargs),
+                              state))
+            if listitems is not None:
+                self.assertListEqual(list(reduce_value[3]), listitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[3])
+            if dictitems is not None:
+                self.assertDictEqual(dict(reduce_value[4]), dictitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[4])
+        elif proto >= 2:
+            reduce_value = obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+            self.assertEqual(reduce_value[:3],
+                             (copyreg.__newobj__,
+                              (type(obj),) + args,
+                              state))
+            if listitems is not None:
+                self.assertListEqual(list(reduce_value[3]), listitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[3])
+            if dictitems is not None:
+                self.assertDictEqual(dict(reduce_value[4]), dictitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[4])
+        else:
+            base_type = type(obj).__base__
+            reduce_value = (copyreg._reconstructor,
+                            (type(obj),
+                             base_type,
+                             None if base_type is object else base_type(obj)))
+            if state is not None:
+                reduce_value += (state,)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.__reduce_ex__(proto), reduce_value)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.__reduce__(), reduce_value)
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)
+        args = (-101, "spam")
+        kwargs = {'bacon': -201, 'fish': -301}
+        state = {'cheese': -401}
+
+        class C1:
+            def __getnewargs__(self):
+                return args
+        obj = C1()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args)
+
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(obj, name, value)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args, state=state)
+
+        class C2:
+            def __getnewargs__(self):
+                return "bad args"
+        obj = C2()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C3:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, kwargs)
+        obj = C3()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 4:
+                self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args, kwargs)
+            elif proto >= 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C4:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, "bad dict")
+        class C5:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return ("bad tuple", kwargs)
+        class C6:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return ()
+        class C7:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return "bad args"
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for cls in C4, C5, C6, C7:
+                obj = cls()
+                if proto >= 2:
+                    with self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError)):
+                        obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C8:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, kwargs)
+        obj = C8()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if 2 <= proto < 4:
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+        class C9:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, {})
+        obj = C9()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args)
+
+        class C10:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                raise IndexError
+        obj = C10()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C11:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                return state
+        obj = C11()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state=state)
+
+        class C12:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                return "not dict"
+        obj = C12()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state="not dict")
+
+        class C13:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                raise IndexError
+        obj = C13()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+                obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+            if proto < 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+                    obj.__reduce__()
+
+        class C14:
+            __slots__ = tuple(state)
+            def __init__(self):
+                for name, value in state.items():
+                    setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        obj = C14()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 2:
+                self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state=(None, state))
+            else:
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    obj.__reduce__()
+
+        class C15(dict):
+            pass
+        obj = C15({"quebec": -601})
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, dictitems=dict(obj))
+
+        class C16(list):
+            pass
+        obj = C16(["yukon"])
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, listitems=list(obj))
+
+    def test_special_method_lookup(self):
+        protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)
+        class Picky:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                return {}
+
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                if attr in ("__getnewargs__", "__getnewargs_ex__"):
+                    raise AssertionError(attr)
+                return None
+        for protocol in protocols:
+            state = {} if protocol >= 2 else None
+            self._check_reduce(protocol, Picky(), state=state)
+
+    def _assert_is_copy(self, obj, objcopy, msg=None):
+        """Utility method to verify if two objects are copies of each others.
+        """
+        if msg is None:
+            msg = "{!r} is not a copy of {!r}".format(obj, objcopy)
+        if type(obj).__repr__ is object.__repr__:
+            # We have this limitation for now because we use the object's repr
+            # to help us verify that the two objects are copies. This allows
+            # us to delegate the non-generic verification logic to the objects
+            # themselves.
+            raise ValueError("object passed to _assert_is_copy must " +
+                             "override the __repr__ method.")
+        self.assertIsNot(obj, objcopy, msg=msg)
+        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(objcopy), msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
+            self.assertDictEqual(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+            self.assertIsNot(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__slots__'):
+            self.assertListEqual(obj.__slots__, objcopy.__slots__, msg=msg)
+            for slot in obj.__slots__:
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    hasattr(obj, slot), hasattr(objcopy, slot), msg=msg)
+                self.assertEqual(getattr(obj, slot, None),
+                                 getattr(objcopy, slot, None), msg=msg)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(obj), repr(objcopy), msg=msg)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_pickle_copiers():
+        """Utility method to generate the many possible pickle configurations.
+        """
+        class PickleCopier:
+            "This class copies object using pickle."
+            def __init__(self, proto, dumps, loads):
+                self.proto = proto
+                self.dumps = dumps
+                self.loads = loads
+            def copy(self, obj):
+                return self.loads(self.dumps(obj, self.proto))
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # We try to be as descriptive as possible here since this is
+                # the string which we will allow us to tell the pickle
+                # configuration we are using during debugging.
+                return ("PickleCopier(proto={}, dumps={}.{}, loads={}.{})"
+                        .format(self.proto,
+                                self.dumps.__module__, self.dumps.__qualname__,
+                                self.loads.__module__, self.loads.__qualname__))
+        return (PickleCopier(*args) for args in
+                   itertools.product(range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1),
+                                     {pickle.dumps, pickle._dumps},
+                                     {pickle.loads, pickle._loads}))
+
+    def test_pickle_slots(self):
+        # Tests pickling of classes with __slots__.
+
+        # Pickling of classes with __slots__ but without __getstate__ should
+        # fail (if using protocol 0 or 1)
+        global C
+        class C:
+            __slots__ = ['a']
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            pickle.dumps(C(), 0)
+
+        global D
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            pickle.dumps(D(), 0)
+
+        class C:
+            "A class with __getstate__ and __setstate__ implemented."
+            __slots__ = ['a']
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                state = getattr(self, '__dict__', {}).copy()
+                for cls in type(self).__mro__:
+                    for slot in cls.__dict__.get('__slots__', ()):
+                        try:
+                            state[slot] = getattr(self, slot)
+                        except AttributeError:
+                            pass
+                return state
+            def __setstate__(self, state):
+                for k, v in state.items():
+                    setattr(self, k, v)
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "%s()<%r>" % (type(self).__name__, self.__getstate__())
+
+        class D(C):
+            "A subclass of a class with slots."
+            pass
+
+        global E
+        class E(C):
+            "A subclass with an extra slot."
+            __slots__ = ['b']
+
+        # Now it should work
+        for pickle_copier in self._generate_pickle_copiers():
+            with self.subTest(pickle_copier=pickle_copier):
+                x = C()
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+                x.a = 42
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+                x = D()
+                x.a = 42
+                x.b = 100
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+                x = E()
+                x.a = 42
+                x.b = "foo"
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+    def test_reduce_copying(self):
+        # Tests pickling and copying new-style classes and objects.
+        global C1
+        class C1:
+            "The state of this class is copyable via its instance dict."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = True
+            def __init__(self, a, b):
+                super().__init__()
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C1(%r, %r)" % (self.a, self.b)
+
+        global C2
+        class C2(list):
+            "A list subclass copyable via __getnewargs__."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __new__(cls, a, b):
+                self = super().__new__(cls)
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                return self
+            def __init__(self, *args):
+                super().__init__()
+                # This helps testing that __init__ is not called during the
+                # unpickling process, which would cause extra appends.
+                self.append("cheese")
+            @classmethod
+            def __getnewargs__(cls):
+                return cls.ARGS
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C2(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, list(self))
+
+        global C3
+        class C3(list):
+            "A list subclass copyable via __getstate__."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __init__(self, a, b):
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                # This helps testing that __init__ is not called during the
+                # unpickling process, which would cause extra appends.
+                self.append("cheese")
+            @classmethod
+            def __getstate__(cls):
+                return cls.ARGS
+            def __setstate__(self, state):
+                a, b = state
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C3(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, list(self))
+
+        global C4
+        class C4(int):
+            "An int subclass copyable via __getnewargs__."
+            ARGS = ("hello", "world", 1)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __new__(cls, a, b, value):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, value)
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                return self
+            @classmethod
+            def __getnewargs__(cls):
+                return cls.ARGS
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C4(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, int(self))
+
+        global C5
+        class C5(int):
+            "An int subclass copyable via __getnewargs_ex__."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            KWARGS = {'value': 3}
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __new__(cls, a, b, *, value=0):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, value)
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                return self
+            @classmethod
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(cls):
+                return (cls.ARGS, cls.KWARGS)
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C5(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, int(self))
+
+        test_classes = (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5)
+        # Testing copying through pickle
+        pickle_copiers = self._generate_pickle_copiers()
+        for cls, pickle_copier in itertools.product(test_classes, pickle_copiers):
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls, pickle_copier=pickle_copier):
+                kwargs = getattr(cls, 'KWARGS', {})
+                obj = cls(*cls.ARGS, **kwargs)
+                proto = pickle_copier.proto
+                if 2 <= proto < 4 and hasattr(cls, '__getnewargs_ex__'):
+                    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                        pickle_copier.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    continue
+                objcopy = pickle_copier.copy(obj)
+                self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy)
+                # For test classes that supports this, make sure we didn't go
+                # around the reduce protocol by simply copying the attribute
+                # dictionary. We clear attributes using the previous copy to
+                # not mutate the original argument.
+                if proto >= 2 and not cls.NEED_DICT_COPYING:
+                    objcopy.__dict__.clear()
+                    objcopy2 = pickle_copier.copy(objcopy)
+                    self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy2)
+
+        # Testing copying through copy.deepcopy()
+        for cls in test_classes:
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
+                kwargs = getattr(cls, 'KWARGS', {})
+                obj = cls(*cls.ARGS, **kwargs)
+                # XXX: We need to modify the copy module to support PEP 3154's
+                # reduce protocol 4.
+                if hasattr(cls, '__getnewargs_ex__'):
+                    continue
+                objcopy = deepcopy(obj)
+                self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy)
+                # For test classes that supports this, make sure we didn't go
+                # around the reduce protocol by simply copying the attribute
+                # dictionary. We clear attributes using the previous copy to
+                # not mutate the original argument.
+                if not cls.NEED_DICT_COPYING:
+                    objcopy.__dict__.clear()
+                    objcopy2 = deepcopy(objcopy)
+                    self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy2)
+
+
 def test_main():
     # Run all local test cases, with PTypesLongInitTest first.
     support.run_unittest(PTypesLongInitTest, OperatorsTest,
                          ClassPropertiesAndMethods, DictProxyTests,
-                         MiscTests)
+                         MiscTests, PicklingTests)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_devpoll.py b/Lib/test/test_devpoll.py
index 9129ac0cb1..e634d3a373 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_devpoll.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_devpoll.py
@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@
 
 # Initial tests are copied as is from "test_poll.py"
 
-import os, select, random, unittest, sys
+import os
+import random
+import select
+import sys
+import unittest
 from test.support import TESTFN, run_unittest, cpython_only
 
 try:
     select.devpoll
 except AttributeError:
-    raise unittest.SkipTest("select.devpoll not defined -- skipping test_devpoll")
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("select.devpoll not defined")
 
 
 def find_ready_matching(ready, flag):
@@ -87,6 +91,35 @@ class DevPollTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, pollster.poll, 1 << 63)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, pollster.poll, 1 << 64)
 
+    def test_close(self):
+        open_file = open(__file__, "rb")
+        self.addCleanup(open_file.close)
+        fd = open_file.fileno()
+        devpoll = select.devpoll()
+
+        # test fileno() method and closed attribute
+        self.assertIsInstance(devpoll.fileno(), int)
+        self.assertFalse(devpoll.closed)
+
+        # test close()
+        devpoll.close()
+        self.assertTrue(devpoll.closed)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, devpoll.fileno)
+
+        # close() can be called more than once
+        devpoll.close()
+
+        # operations must fail with ValueError("I/O operation on closed ...")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, devpoll.modify, fd, select.POLLIN)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, devpoll.poll)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, devpoll.register, fd, fd, select.POLLIN)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, devpoll.unregister, fd)
+
+    def test_fd_non_inheritable(self):
+        devpoll = select.devpoll()
+        self.addCleanup(devpoll.close)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(devpoll.fileno()), False)
+
     def test_events_mask_overflow(self):
         pollster = select.devpoll()
         w, r = os.pipe()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dis.py b/Lib/test/test_dis.py
index b86cc86856..d1229fba6d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dis.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dis.py
@@ -1,12 +1,30 @@
 # Minimal tests for dis module
 
 from test.support import run_unittest, captured_stdout
+from test.bytecode_helper import BytecodeTestCase
 import difflib
 import unittest
 import sys
 import dis
 import io
 import re
+import types
+import contextlib
+
+def get_tb():
+    def _error():
+        try:
+            1 / 0
+        except Exception as e:
+            tb = e.__traceback__
+        return tb
+
+    tb = _error()
+    while tb.tb_next:
+        tb = tb.tb_next
+    return tb
+
+TRACEBACK_CODE = get_tb().tb_frame.f_code
 
 class _C:
     def __init__(self, x):
@@ -23,12 +41,12 @@ dis_c_instance_method = """\
 """ % (_C.__init__.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1,)
 
 dis_c_instance_method_bytes = """\
-          0 LOAD_FAST           1 (1)
-          3 LOAD_CONST          1 (1)
-          6 COMPARE_OP          2 (==)
-          9 LOAD_FAST           0 (0)
-         12 STORE_ATTR          0 (0)
-         15 LOAD_CONST          0 (0)
+          0 LOAD_FAST                1 (1)
+          3 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
+          6 COMPARE_OP               2 (==)
+          9 LOAD_FAST                0 (0)
+         12 STORE_ATTR               0 (0)
+         15 LOAD_CONST               0 (0)
          18 RETURN_VALUE
 """
 
@@ -49,11 +67,11 @@ dis_f = """\
 
 
 dis_f_co_code = """\
-          0 LOAD_GLOBAL         0 (0)
-          3 LOAD_FAST           0 (0)
-          6 CALL_FUNCTION       1 (1 positional, 0 keyword pair)
+          0 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (0)
+          3 LOAD_FAST                0 (0)
+          6 CALL_FUNCTION            1 (1 positional, 0 keyword pair)
           9 POP_TOP
-         10 LOAD_CONST          1 (1)
+         10 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
          13 RETURN_VALUE
 """
 
@@ -89,7 +107,7 @@ def bug1333982(x=[]):
     pass
 
 dis_bug1333982 = """\
- %-4d         0 LOAD_CONST               1 (0)
+%3d           0 LOAD_CONST               1 (0)
               3 POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE        35
               6 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (AssertionError)
               9 LOAD_CONST               2 (<code object <listcomp> at 0x..., file "%s", line %d>)
@@ -99,12 +117,12 @@ dis_bug1333982 = """\
              21 GET_ITER
              22 CALL_FUNCTION            1 (1 positional, 0 keyword pair)
 
- %-4d        25 LOAD_CONST               4 (1)
+%3d          25 LOAD_CONST               4 (1)
              28 BINARY_ADD
              29 CALL_FUNCTION            1 (1 positional, 0 keyword pair)
              32 RAISE_VARARGS            1
 
- %-4d   >>   35 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
+%3d     >>   35 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
              38 RETURN_VALUE
 """ % (bug1333982.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1,
        __file__,
@@ -171,38 +189,69 @@ dis_compound_stmt_str = """\
              25 RETURN_VALUE
 """
 
+dis_traceback = """\
+ %-4d         0 SETUP_EXCEPT            12 (to 15)
+
+ %-4d         3 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
+              6 LOAD_CONST               2 (0)
+    -->       9 BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE
+             10 POP_TOP
+             11 POP_BLOCK
+             12 JUMP_FORWARD            46 (to 61)
+
+ %-4d   >>   15 DUP_TOP
+             16 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (Exception)
+             19 COMPARE_OP              10 (exception match)
+             22 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE       60
+             25 POP_TOP
+             26 STORE_FAST               0 (e)
+             29 POP_TOP
+             30 SETUP_FINALLY           14 (to 47)
+
+ %-4d        33 LOAD_FAST                0 (e)
+             36 LOAD_ATTR                1 (__traceback__)
+             39 STORE_FAST               1 (tb)
+             42 POP_BLOCK
+             43 POP_EXCEPT
+             44 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
+        >>   47 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
+             50 STORE_FAST               0 (e)
+             53 DELETE_FAST              0 (e)
+             56 END_FINALLY
+             57 JUMP_FORWARD             1 (to 61)
+        >>   60 END_FINALLY
+
+ %-4d   >>   61 LOAD_FAST                1 (tb)
+             64 RETURN_VALUE
+""" % (TRACEBACK_CODE.co_firstlineno + 1,
+       TRACEBACK_CODE.co_firstlineno + 2,
+       TRACEBACK_CODE.co_firstlineno + 3,
+       TRACEBACK_CODE.co_firstlineno + 4,
+       TRACEBACK_CODE.co_firstlineno + 5)
+
 class DisTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
-        s = io.StringIO()
-        save_stdout = sys.stdout
-        sys.stdout = s
-        try:
+        # We want to test the default printing behaviour, not the file arg
+        output = io.StringIO()
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(output):
             if wrapper:
                 dis.dis(func)
             else:
                 dis.disassemble(func, lasti)
-        finally:
-            sys.stdout = save_stdout
-        # Trim trailing blanks (if any).
-        return [line.rstrip() for line in s.getvalue().splitlines()]
+        return output.getvalue()
 
     def get_disassemble_as_string(self, func, lasti=-1):
-        return '\n'.join(self.get_disassembly(func, lasti, False))
+        return self.get_disassembly(func, lasti, False)
+
+    def strip_addresses(self, text):
+        return re.sub(r'\b0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+\b', '0x...', text)
 
     def do_disassembly_test(self, func, expected):
-        lines = self.get_disassembly(func)
-        expected = expected.splitlines()
-        if expected == lines:
-            return
-        else:
-            lines = [re.sub('0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+', '0x...', l) for l in lines]
-            if expected == lines:
-                return
-        self.fail(
-                "events did not match expectation:\n" +
-                "\n".join(difflib.ndiff(expected,
-                                        lines)))
+        got = self.get_disassembly(func)
+        if got != expected:
+            got = self.strip_addresses(got)
+        self.assertEqual(got, expected)
 
     def test_opmap(self):
         self.assertEqual(dis.opmap["NOP"], 9)
@@ -290,35 +339,35 @@ class DisTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_dis_object(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, dis.dis, object())
 
+class DisWithFileTests(DisTests):
+
+    # Run the tests again, using the file arg instead of print
+    def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
+        output = io.StringIO()
+        if wrapper:
+            dis.dis(func, file=output)
+        else:
+            dis.disassemble(func, lasti, file=output)
+        return output.getvalue()
+
+
+
 code_info_code_info = """\
 Name:              code_info
 Filename:          (.*)
 Argument count:    1
 Kw-only arguments: 0
 Number of locals:  1
-Stack size:        4
+Stack size:        3
 Flags:             OPTIMIZED, NEWLOCALS, NOFREE
 Constants:
    0: %r
-   1: '__func__'
-   2: '__code__'
-   3: '<code_info>'
-   4: 'co_code'
-   5: "don't know how to disassemble %%s objects"
-%sNames:
-   0: hasattr
-   1: __func__
-   2: __code__
-   3: isinstance
-   4: str
-   5: _try_compile
-   6: _format_code_info
-   7: TypeError
-   8: type
-   9: __name__
+Names:
+   0: _format_code_info
+   1: _get_code_object
 Variable names:
-   0: x""" % (('Formatted details of methods, functions, or code.', '   6: None\n')
-              if sys.flags.optimize < 2 else (None, ''))
+   0: x""" % (('Formatted details of methods, functions, or code.',)
+              if sys.flags.optimize < 2 else (None,))
 
 @staticmethod
 def tricky(x, y, z=True, *args, c, d, e=[], **kwds):
@@ -382,7 +431,7 @@ Free variables:
 
 code_info_expr_str = """\
 Name:              <module>
-Filename:          <code_info>
+Filename:          <disassembly>
 Argument count:    0
 Kw-only arguments: 0
 Number of locals:  0
@@ -395,7 +444,7 @@ Names:
 
 code_info_simple_stmt_str = """\
 Name:              <module>
-Filename:          <code_info>
+Filename:          <disassembly>
 Argument count:    0
 Kw-only arguments: 0
 Number of locals:  0
@@ -409,7 +458,7 @@ Names:
 
 code_info_compound_stmt_str = """\
 Name:              <module>
-Filename:          <code_info>
+Filename:          <disassembly>
 Argument count:    0
 Kw-only arguments: 0
 Number of locals:  0
@@ -443,6 +492,9 @@ class CodeInfoTests(unittest.TestCase):
             with captured_stdout() as output:
                 dis.show_code(x)
             self.assertRegex(output.getvalue(), expected+"\n")
+            output = io.StringIO()
+            dis.show_code(x, file=output)
+            self.assertRegex(output.getvalue(), expected)
 
     def test_code_info_object(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, dis.code_info, object())
@@ -451,5 +503,330 @@ class CodeInfoTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(dis.pretty_flags(0), '0x0')
 
 
+# Fodder for instruction introspection tests
+#   Editing any of these may require recalculating the expected output
+def outer(a=1, b=2):
+    def f(c=3, d=4):
+        def inner(e=5, f=6):
+            print(a, b, c, d, e, f)
+        print(a, b, c, d)
+        return inner
+    print(a, b, '', 1, [], {}, "Hello world!")
+    return f
+
+def jumpy():
+    # This won't actually run (but that's OK, we only disassemble it)
+    for i in range(10):
+        print(i)
+        if i < 4:
+            continue
+        if i > 6:
+            break
+    else:
+        print("I can haz else clause?")
+    while i:
+        print(i)
+        i -= 1
+        if i > 6:
+            continue
+        if i < 4:
+            break
+    else:
+        print("Who let lolcatz into this test suite?")
+    try:
+        1 / 0
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        print("Here we go, here we go, here we go...")
+    else:
+        with i as dodgy:
+            print("Never reach this")
+    finally:
+        print("OK, now we're done")
+
+# End fodder for opinfo generation tests
+expected_outer_line = 1
+_line_offset = outer.__code__.co_firstlineno - 1
+code_object_f = outer.__code__.co_consts[3]
+expected_f_line = code_object_f.co_firstlineno - _line_offset
+code_object_inner = code_object_f.co_consts[3]
+expected_inner_line = code_object_inner.co_firstlineno - _line_offset
+expected_jumpy_line = 1
+
+# The following lines are useful to regenerate the expected results after
+# either the fodder is modified or the bytecode generation changes
+# After regeneration, update the references to code_object_f and
+# code_object_inner before rerunning the tests
+
+#_instructions = dis.get_instructions(outer, first_line=expected_outer_line)
+#print('expected_opinfo_outer = [\n  ',
+      #',\n  '.join(map(str, _instructions)), ',\n]', sep='')
+#_instructions = dis.get_instructions(outer(), first_line=expected_outer_line)
+#print('expected_opinfo_f = [\n  ',
+      #',\n  '.join(map(str, _instructions)), ',\n]', sep='')
+#_instructions = dis.get_instructions(outer()(), first_line=expected_outer_line)
+#print('expected_opinfo_inner = [\n  ',
+      #',\n  '.join(map(str, _instructions)), ',\n]', sep='')
+#_instructions = dis.get_instructions(jumpy, first_line=expected_jumpy_line)
+#print('expected_opinfo_jumpy = [\n  ',
+      #',\n  '.join(map(str, _instructions)), ',\n]', sep='')
+
+
+Instruction = dis.Instruction
+expected_opinfo_outer = [
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=1, argval=3, argrepr='3', offset=0, starts_line=2, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=2, argval=4, argrepr='4', offset=3, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CLOSURE', opcode=135, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=6, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CLOSURE', opcode=135, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=9, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_TUPLE', opcode=102, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=12, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=3, argval=code_object_f, argrepr=repr(code_object_f), offset=15, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=4, argval='outer.<locals>.f', argrepr="'outer.<locals>.f'", offset=18, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CLOSURE', opcode=134, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=21, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=125, arg=2, argval='f', argrepr='f', offset=24, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=0, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=27, starts_line=7, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=30, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=33, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=5, argval='', argrepr="''", offset=36, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=6, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=39, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_LIST', opcode=103, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=42, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_MAP', opcode=105, arg=0, argval=0, argrepr='', offset=45, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=7, argval='Hello world!', argrepr="'Hello world!'", offset=48, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=7, argval=7, argrepr='7 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=51, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=54, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=2, argval='f', argrepr='f', offset=55, starts_line=8, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=83, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=58, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+]
+
+expected_opinfo_f = [
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=1, argval=5, argrepr='5', offset=0, starts_line=3, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=2, argval=6, argrepr='6', offset=3, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CLOSURE', opcode=135, arg=2, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=6, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CLOSURE', opcode=135, arg=3, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=9, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CLOSURE', opcode=135, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=12, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CLOSURE', opcode=135, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=15, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='BUILD_TUPLE', opcode=102, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='', offset=18, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=3, argval=code_object_inner, argrepr=repr(code_object_inner), offset=21, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=4, argval='outer.<locals>.f.<locals>.inner', argrepr="'outer.<locals>.f.<locals>.inner'", offset=24, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='MAKE_CLOSURE', opcode=134, arg=2, argval=2, argrepr='', offset=27, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=125, arg=2, argval='inner', argrepr='inner', offset=30, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=0, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=33, starts_line=5, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=2, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=36, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=3, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=39, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=0, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=42, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=1, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=45, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=4, argval=4, argrepr='4 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=48, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=51, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=2, argval='inner', argrepr='inner', offset=52, starts_line=6, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=83, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=55, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+]
+
+expected_opinfo_inner = [
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=0, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=0, starts_line=4, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=0, argval='a', argrepr='a', offset=3, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=1, argval='b', argrepr='b', offset=6, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=2, argval='c', argrepr='c', offset=9, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_DEREF', opcode=136, arg=3, argval='d', argrepr='d', offset=12, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='e', argrepr='e', offset=15, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=1, argval='f', argrepr='f', offset=18, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=6, argval=6, argrepr='6 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=21, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=24, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=25, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=83, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=28, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+]
+
+expected_opinfo_jumpy = [
+  Instruction(opname='SETUP_LOOP', opcode=120, arg=74, argval=77, argrepr='to 77', offset=0, starts_line=3, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=0, argval='range', argrepr='range', offset=3, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=1, argval=10, argrepr='10', offset=6, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=9, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='GET_ITER', opcode=68, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=12, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='FOR_ITER', opcode=93, arg=50, argval=66, argrepr='to 66', offset=13, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=125, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=16, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=19, starts_line=4, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=22, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=25, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=28, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=29, starts_line=5, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=2, argval=4, argrepr='4', offset=32, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=107, arg=0, argval='<', argrepr='<', offset=35, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=114, arg=47, argval=47, argrepr='', offset=38, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_ABSOLUTE', opcode=113, arg=13, argval=13, argrepr='', offset=41, starts_line=6, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=110, arg=0, argval=47, argrepr='to 47', offset=44, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=47, starts_line=7, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=3, argval=6, argrepr='6', offset=50, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=107, arg=4, argval='>', argrepr='>', offset=53, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=114, arg=13, argval=13, argrepr='', offset=56, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='BREAK_LOOP', opcode=80, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=59, starts_line=8, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_ABSOLUTE', opcode=113, arg=13, argval=13, argrepr='', offset=60, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_ABSOLUTE', opcode=113, arg=13, argval=13, argrepr='', offset=63, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_BLOCK', opcode=87, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=66, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=67, starts_line=10, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=4, argval='I can haz else clause?', argrepr="'I can haz else clause?'", offset=70, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=73, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=76, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='SETUP_LOOP', opcode=120, arg=74, argval=154, argrepr='to 154', offset=77, starts_line=11, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=80, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=114, arg=143, argval=143, argrepr='', offset=83, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=86, starts_line=12, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=89, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=92, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=95, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=96, starts_line=13, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=5, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=99, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='INPLACE_SUBTRACT', opcode=56, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=102, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=125, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=103, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=106, starts_line=14, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=3, argval=6, argrepr='6', offset=109, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=107, arg=4, argval='>', argrepr='>', offset=112, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=114, arg=124, argval=124, argrepr='', offset=115, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_ABSOLUTE', opcode=113, arg=80, argval=80, argrepr='', offset=118, starts_line=15, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=110, arg=0, argval=124, argrepr='to 124', offset=121, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=124, starts_line=16, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=2, argval=4, argrepr='4', offset=127, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=107, arg=0, argval='<', argrepr='<', offset=130, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=114, arg=80, argval=80, argrepr='', offset=133, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='BREAK_LOOP', opcode=80, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=136, starts_line=17, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_ABSOLUTE', opcode=113, arg=80, argval=80, argrepr='', offset=137, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_ABSOLUTE', opcode=113, arg=80, argval=80, argrepr='', offset=140, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_BLOCK', opcode=87, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=143, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=144, starts_line=19, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=6, argval='Who let lolcatz into this test suite?', argrepr="'Who let lolcatz into this test suite?'", offset=147, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=150, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=153, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='SETUP_FINALLY', opcode=122, arg=72, argval=229, argrepr='to 229', offset=154, starts_line=20, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='SETUP_EXCEPT', opcode=121, arg=12, argval=172, argrepr='to 172', offset=157, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=5, argval=1, argrepr='1', offset=160, starts_line=21, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=7, argval=0, argrepr='0', offset=163, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE', opcode=27, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=166, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=167, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_BLOCK', opcode=87, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=168, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=110, arg=28, argval=200, argrepr='to 200', offset=169, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='DUP_TOP', opcode=4, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=172, starts_line=22, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=2, argval='ZeroDivisionError', argrepr='ZeroDivisionError', offset=173, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='COMPARE_OP', opcode=107, arg=10, argval='exception match', argrepr='exception match', offset=176, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE', opcode=114, arg=199, argval=199, argrepr='', offset=179, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=182, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=183, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=184, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=185, starts_line=23, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=8, argval='Here we go, here we go, here we go...', argrepr="'Here we go, here we go, here we go...'", offset=188, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=191, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=194, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_EXCEPT', opcode=89, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=195, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=110, arg=26, argval=225, argrepr='to 225', offset=196, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='END_FINALLY', opcode=88, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=199, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_FAST', opcode=124, arg=0, argval='i', argrepr='i', offset=200, starts_line=25, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='SETUP_WITH', opcode=143, arg=17, argval=223, argrepr='to 223', offset=203, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='STORE_FAST', opcode=125, arg=1, argval='dodgy', argrepr='dodgy', offset=206, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=209, starts_line=26, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=9, argval='Never reach this', argrepr="'Never reach this'", offset=212, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=215, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=218, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_BLOCK', opcode=87, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=219, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=220, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='WITH_CLEANUP', opcode=81, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=223, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='END_FINALLY', opcode=88, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=224, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_BLOCK', opcode=87, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=225, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=226, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_GLOBAL', opcode=116, arg=1, argval='print', argrepr='print', offset=229, starts_line=28, is_jump_target=True),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=10, argval="OK, now we're done", argrepr='"OK, now we\'re done"', offset=232, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='CALL_FUNCTION', opcode=131, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='1 positional, 0 keyword pair', offset=235, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=238, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='END_FINALLY', opcode=88, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=239, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=240, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=83, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=243, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False),
+]
+
+# One last piece of inspect fodder to check the default line number handling
+def simple(): pass
+expected_opinfo_simple = [
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=0, starts_line=simple.__code__.co_firstlineno, is_jump_target=False),
+  Instruction(opname='RETURN_VALUE', opcode=83, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=3, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False)
+]
+
+
+class InstructionTests(BytecodeTestCase):
+
+    def test_default_first_line(self):
+        actual = dis.get_instructions(simple)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected_opinfo_simple)
+
+    def test_first_line_set_to_None(self):
+        actual = dis.get_instructions(simple, first_line=None)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected_opinfo_simple)
+
+    def test_outer(self):
+        actual = dis.get_instructions(outer, first_line=expected_outer_line)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected_opinfo_outer)
+
+    def test_nested(self):
+        with captured_stdout():
+            f = outer()
+        actual = dis.get_instructions(f, first_line=expected_f_line)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected_opinfo_f)
+
+    def test_doubly_nested(self):
+        with captured_stdout():
+            inner = outer()()
+        actual = dis.get_instructions(inner, first_line=expected_inner_line)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected_opinfo_inner)
+
+    def test_jumpy(self):
+        actual = dis.get_instructions(jumpy, first_line=expected_jumpy_line)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected_opinfo_jumpy)
+
+# get_instructions has its own tests above, so can rely on it to validate
+# the object oriented API
+class BytecodeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_instantiation(self):
+        # Test with function, method, code string and code object
+        for obj in [_f, _C(1).__init__, "a=1", _f.__code__]:
+            with self.subTest(obj=obj):
+                b = dis.Bytecode(obj)
+                self.assertIsInstance(b.codeobj, types.CodeType)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dis.Bytecode, object())
+
+    def test_iteration(self):
+        for obj in [_f, _C(1).__init__, "a=1", _f.__code__]:
+            with self.subTest(obj=obj):
+                via_object = list(dis.Bytecode(obj))
+                via_generator = list(dis.get_instructions(obj))
+                self.assertEqual(via_object, via_generator)
+
+    def test_explicit_first_line(self):
+        actual = dis.Bytecode(outer, first_line=expected_outer_line)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected_opinfo_outer)
+
+    def test_source_line_in_disassembly(self):
+        # Use the line in the source code
+        actual = dis.Bytecode(simple).dis()[:3]
+        expected = "{:>3}".format(simple.__code__.co_firstlineno)
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        # Use an explicit first line number
+        actual = dis.Bytecode(simple, first_line=350).dis()[:3]
+        self.assertEqual(actual, "350")
+
+    def test_info(self):
+        self.maxDiff = 1000
+        for x, expected in CodeInfoTests.test_pairs:
+            b = dis.Bytecode(x)
+            self.assertRegex(b.info(), expected)
+
+    def test_disassembled(self):
+        actual = dis.Bytecode(_f).dis()
+        self.assertEqual(actual, dis_f)
+
+    def test_from_traceback(self):
+        tb = get_tb()
+        b = dis.Bytecode.from_traceback(tb)
+        while tb.tb_next: tb = tb.tb_next
+
+        self.assertEqual(b.current_offset, tb.tb_lasti)
+
+    def test_from_traceback_dis(self):
+        tb = get_tb()
+        b = dis.Bytecode.from_traceback(tb)
+        self.assertEqual(b.dis(), dis_traceback)
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_doctest.py b/Lib/test/test_doctest.py
index 86259c3c56..56193e87b1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_doctest.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_doctest.py
@@ -409,7 +409,8 @@ Compare `DocTestCase`:
 
 """
 
-def test_DocTestFinder(): r"""
+class test_DocTestFinder:
+    def basics(): r"""
 Unit tests for the `DocTestFinder` class.
 
 DocTestFinder is used to extract DocTests from an object's docstring
@@ -646,6 +647,39 @@ DocTestFinder finds the line number of each example:
     [1, 9, 12]
 """
 
+    if int.__doc__: # simple check for --without-doc-strings, skip if lacking
+        def non_Python_modules(): r"""
+
+Finding Doctests in Modules Not Written in Python
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+DocTestFinder can also find doctests in most modules not written in Python.
+We'll use builtins as an example, since it almost certainly isn't written in
+plain ol' Python and is guaranteed to be available.
+
+    >>> import builtins
+    >>> tests = doctest.DocTestFinder().find(builtins)
+    >>> 790 < len(tests) < 800 # approximate number of objects with docstrings
+    True
+    >>> real_tests = [t for t in tests if len(t.examples) > 0]
+    >>> len(real_tests) # objects that actually have doctests
+    8
+    >>> for t in real_tests:
+    ...     print('{}  {}'.format(len(t.examples), t.name))
+    ...
+    1  builtins.bin
+    3  builtins.float.as_integer_ratio
+    2  builtins.float.fromhex
+    2  builtins.float.hex
+    1  builtins.hex
+    1  builtins.int
+    2  builtins.int.bit_length
+    1  builtins.oct
+
+Note here that 'bin', 'oct', and 'hex' are functions; 'float.as_integer_ratio',
+'float.hex', and 'int.bit_length' are methods; 'float.fromhex' is a classmethod,
+and 'int' is a type.
+"""
+
 def test_DocTestParser(): r"""
 Unit tests for the `DocTestParser` class.
 
@@ -1436,8 +1470,40 @@ However, output from `report_start` is not suppressed:
         2
     TestResults(failed=3, attempted=5)
 
-For the purposes of REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE, unexpected exceptions
-count as failures:
+The FAIL_FAST flag causes the runner to exit after the first failing example,
+so subsequent examples are not even attempted:
+
+    >>> flags = doctest.FAIL_FAST
+    >>> doctest.DocTestRunner(verbose=False, optionflags=flags).run(test)
+    ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    **********************************************************************
+    File ..., line 5, in f
+    Failed example:
+        print(2) # first failure
+    Expected:
+        200
+    Got:
+        2
+    TestResults(failed=1, attempted=2)
+
+Specifying both FAIL_FAST and REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE is equivalent to
+FAIL_FAST only:
+
+    >>> flags = doctest.FAIL_FAST | doctest.REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE
+    >>> doctest.DocTestRunner(verbose=False, optionflags=flags).run(test)
+    ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    **********************************************************************
+    File ..., line 5, in f
+    Failed example:
+        print(2) # first failure
+    Expected:
+        200
+    Got:
+        2
+    TestResults(failed=1, attempted=2)
+
+For the purposes of both REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE and FAIL_FAST, unexpected
+exceptions count as failures:
 
     >>> def f(x):
     ...     r'''
@@ -1464,6 +1530,17 @@ count as failures:
         ...
         ValueError: 2
     TestResults(failed=3, attempted=5)
+    >>> flags = doctest.FAIL_FAST
+    >>> doctest.DocTestRunner(verbose=False, optionflags=flags).run(test)
+    ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    **********************************************************************
+    File ..., line 5, in f
+    Failed example:
+        raise ValueError(2) # first failure
+    Exception raised:
+        ...
+        ValueError: 2
+    TestResults(failed=1, attempted=2)
 
 New option flags can also be registered, via register_optionflag().  Here
 we reach into doctest's internals a bit.
@@ -2580,6 +2657,240 @@ Check doctest with a non-ascii filename:
     TestResults(failed=1, attempted=1)
     """
 
+def test_CLI(): r"""
+The doctest module can be used to run doctests against an arbitrary file.
+These tests test this CLI functionality.
+
+We'll use the support module's script_helpers for this, and write a test files
+to a temp dir to run the command against.  Due to a current limitation in
+script_helpers, though, we need a little utility function to turn the returned
+output into something we can doctest against:
+
+    >>> def normalize(s):
+    ...     return '\n'.join(s.decode().splitlines())
+
+Note: we also pass TERM='' to all the assert_python calls to avoid a bug
+in the readline library that is triggered in these tests because we are
+running them in a new python process.  See:
+
+  http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-readline/2013-06/msg00000.html
+
+With those preliminaries out of the way, we'll start with a file with two
+simple tests and no errors.  We'll run both the unadorned doctest command, and
+the verbose version, and then check the output:
+
+    >>> from test import script_helper
+    >>> with script_helper.temp_dir() as tmpdir:
+    ...     fn = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'myfile.doc')
+    ...     with open(fn, 'w') as f:
+    ...         _ = f.write('This is a very simple test file.\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   >>> 1 + 1\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   2\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   >>> "a"\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write("   'a'\n")
+    ...         _ = f.write('\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('And that is it.\n')
+    ...     rc1, out1, err1 = script_helper.assert_python_ok(
+    ...             '-m', 'doctest', fn, TERM='')
+    ...     rc2, out2, err2 = script_helper.assert_python_ok(
+    ...             '-m', 'doctest', '-v', fn, TERM='')
+
+With no arguments and passing tests, we should get no output:
+
+    >>> rc1, out1, err1
+    (0, b'', b'')
+
+With the verbose flag, we should see the test output, but no error output:
+
+    >>> rc2, err2
+    (0, b'')
+    >>> print(normalize(out2))
+    Trying:
+        1 + 1
+    Expecting:
+        2
+    ok
+    Trying:
+        "a"
+    Expecting:
+        'a'
+    ok
+    1 items passed all tests:
+       2 tests in myfile.doc
+    2 tests in 1 items.
+    2 passed and 0 failed.
+    Test passed.
+
+Now we'll write a couple files, one with three tests, the other a python module
+with two tests, both of the files having "errors" in the tests that can be made
+non-errors by applying the appropriate doctest options to the run (ELLIPSIS in
+the first file, NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE in the second).  This combination will
+allow to thoroughly test the -f and -o flags, as well as the doctest command's
+ability to process more than one file on the command line and, since the second
+file ends in '.py', its handling of python module files (as opposed to straight
+text files).
+
+    >>> from test import script_helper
+    >>> with script_helper.temp_dir() as tmpdir:
+    ...     fn = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'myfile.doc')
+    ...     with open(fn, 'w') as f:
+    ...         _ = f.write('This is another simple test file.\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   >>> 1 + 1\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   2\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   >>> "abcdef"\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write("   'a...f'\n")
+    ...         _ = f.write('   >>> "ajkml"\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write("   'a...l'\n")
+    ...         _ = f.write('\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('And that is it.\n')
+    ...     fn2 = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'myfile2.py')
+    ...     with open(fn2, 'w') as f:
+    ...         _ = f.write('def test_func():\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   \"\"\"\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('   This is simple python test function.\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('       >>> 1 + 1\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('       2\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write('       >>> "abc   def"\n')
+    ...         _ = f.write("       'abc def'\n")
+    ...         _ = f.write("\n")
+    ...         _ = f.write('   \"\"\"\n')
+    ...     import shutil
+    ...     rc1, out1, err1 = script_helper.assert_python_failure(
+    ...             '-m', 'doctest', fn, fn2, TERM='')
+    ...     rc2, out2, err2 = script_helper.assert_python_ok(
+    ...             '-m', 'doctest', '-o', 'ELLIPSIS', fn, TERM='')
+    ...     rc3, out3, err3 = script_helper.assert_python_ok(
+    ...             '-m', 'doctest', '-o', 'ELLIPSIS',
+    ...             '-o', 'NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE', fn, fn2, TERM='')
+    ...     rc4, out4, err4 = script_helper.assert_python_failure(
+    ...             '-m', 'doctest', '-f', fn, fn2, TERM='')
+    ...     rc5, out5, err5 = script_helper.assert_python_ok(
+    ...             '-m', 'doctest', '-v', '-o', 'ELLIPSIS',
+    ...             '-o', 'NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE', fn, fn2, TERM='')
+
+Our first test run will show the errors from the first file (doctest stops if a
+file has errors).  Note that doctest test-run error output appears on stdout,
+not stderr:
+
+    >>> rc1, err1
+    (1, b'')
+    >>> print(normalize(out1))                # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    **********************************************************************
+    File "...myfile.doc", line 4, in myfile.doc
+    Failed example:
+        "abcdef"
+    Expected:
+        'a...f'
+    Got:
+        'abcdef'
+    **********************************************************************
+    File "...myfile.doc", line 6, in myfile.doc
+    Failed example:
+        "ajkml"
+    Expected:
+        'a...l'
+    Got:
+        'ajkml'
+    **********************************************************************
+    1 items had failures:
+       2 of   3 in myfile.doc
+    ***Test Failed*** 2 failures.
+
+With -o ELLIPSIS specified, the second run, against just the first file, should
+produce no errors, and with -o NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE also specified, neither
+should the third, which ran against both files:
+
+    >>> rc2, out2, err2
+    (0, b'', b'')
+    >>> rc3, out3, err3
+    (0, b'', b'')
+
+The fourth run uses FAIL_FAST, so we should see only one error:
+
+    >>> rc4, err4
+    (1, b'')
+    >>> print(normalize(out4))                # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    **********************************************************************
+    File "...myfile.doc", line 4, in myfile.doc
+    Failed example:
+        "abcdef"
+    Expected:
+        'a...f'
+    Got:
+        'abcdef'
+    **********************************************************************
+    1 items had failures:
+       1 of   2 in myfile.doc
+    ***Test Failed*** 1 failures.
+
+The fifth test uses verbose with the two options, so we should get verbose
+success output for the tests in both files:
+
+    >>> rc5, err5
+    (0, b'')
+    >>> print(normalize(out5))
+    Trying:
+        1 + 1
+    Expecting:
+        2
+    ok
+    Trying:
+        "abcdef"
+    Expecting:
+        'a...f'
+    ok
+    Trying:
+        "ajkml"
+    Expecting:
+        'a...l'
+    ok
+    1 items passed all tests:
+       3 tests in myfile.doc
+    3 tests in 1 items.
+    3 passed and 0 failed.
+    Test passed.
+    Trying:
+        1 + 1
+    Expecting:
+        2
+    ok
+    Trying:
+        "abc   def"
+    Expecting:
+        'abc def'
+    ok
+    1 items had no tests:
+        myfile2
+    1 items passed all tests:
+       2 tests in myfile2.test_func
+    2 tests in 2 items.
+    2 passed and 0 failed.
+    Test passed.
+
+We should also check some typical error cases.
+
+Invalid file name:
+
+    >>> rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure(
+    ...         '-m', 'doctest', 'nosuchfile', TERM='')
+    >>> rc, out
+    (1, b'')
+    >>> print(normalize(err))                    # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    FileNotFoundError: [Errno ...] No such file or directory: 'nosuchfile'
+
+Invalid doctest option:
+
+    >>> rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_failure(
+    ...         '-m', 'doctest', '-o', 'nosuchoption', TERM='')
+    >>> rc, out
+    (2, b'')
+    >>> print(normalize(err))                    # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    usage...invalid...nosuchoption...
+
+"""
+
 ######################################################################
 ## Main
 ######################################################################
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dynamicclassattribute.py b/Lib/test/test_dynamicclassattribute.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..079d6c3224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dynamicclassattribute.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+# Test case for DynamicClassAttribute
+# more tests are in test_descr
+
+import abc
+import sys
+import unittest
+from test.support import run_unittest
+from types import DynamicClassAttribute
+
+class PropertyBase(Exception):
+    pass
+
+class PropertyGet(PropertyBase):
+    pass
+
+class PropertySet(PropertyBase):
+    pass
+
+class PropertyDel(PropertyBase):
+    pass
+
+class BaseClass(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._spam = 5
+
+    @DynamicClassAttribute
+    def spam(self):
+        """BaseClass.getter"""
+        return self._spam
+
+    @spam.setter
+    def spam(self, value):
+        self._spam = value
+
+    @spam.deleter
+    def spam(self):
+        del self._spam
+
+class SubClass(BaseClass):
+
+    spam = BaseClass.__dict__['spam']
+
+    @spam.getter
+    def spam(self):
+        """SubClass.getter"""
+        raise PropertyGet(self._spam)
+
+    @spam.setter
+    def spam(self, value):
+        raise PropertySet(self._spam)
+
+    @spam.deleter
+    def spam(self):
+        raise PropertyDel(self._spam)
+
+class PropertyDocBase(object):
+    _spam = 1
+    def _get_spam(self):
+        return self._spam
+    spam = DynamicClassAttribute(_get_spam, doc="spam spam spam")
+
+class PropertyDocSub(PropertyDocBase):
+    spam = PropertyDocBase.__dict__['spam']
+    @spam.getter
+    def spam(self):
+        """The decorator does not use this doc string"""
+        return self._spam
+
+class PropertySubNewGetter(BaseClass):
+    spam = BaseClass.__dict__['spam']
+    @spam.getter
+    def spam(self):
+        """new docstring"""
+        return 5
+
+class PropertyNewGetter(object):
+    @DynamicClassAttribute
+    def spam(self):
+        """original docstring"""
+        return 1
+    @spam.getter
+    def spam(self):
+        """new docstring"""
+        return 8
+
+class ClassWithAbstractVirtualProperty(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @DynamicClassAttribute
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def color():
+        pass
+
+class ClassWithPropertyAbstractVirtual(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    @DynamicClassAttribute
+    def color():
+        pass
+
+class PropertyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_property_decorator_baseclass(self):
+        # see #1620
+        base = BaseClass()
+        self.assertEqual(base.spam, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(base._spam, 5)
+        base.spam = 10
+        self.assertEqual(base.spam, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(base._spam, 10)
+        delattr(base, "spam")
+        self.assertTrue(not hasattr(base, "spam"))
+        self.assertTrue(not hasattr(base, "_spam"))
+        base.spam = 20
+        self.assertEqual(base.spam, 20)
+        self.assertEqual(base._spam, 20)
+
+    def test_property_decorator_subclass(self):
+        # see #1620
+        sub = SubClass()
+        self.assertRaises(PropertyGet, getattr, sub, "spam")
+        self.assertRaises(PropertySet, setattr, sub, "spam", None)
+        self.assertRaises(PropertyDel, delattr, sub, "spam")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_property_decorator_subclass_doc(self):
+        sub = SubClass()
+        self.assertEqual(sub.__class__.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "SubClass.getter")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_property_decorator_baseclass_doc(self):
+        base = BaseClass()
+        self.assertEqual(base.__class__.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "BaseClass.getter")
+
+    def test_property_decorator_doc(self):
+        base = PropertyDocBase()
+        sub = PropertyDocSub()
+        self.assertEqual(base.__class__.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "spam spam spam")
+        self.assertEqual(sub.__class__.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "spam spam spam")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_property_getter_doc_override(self):
+        newgettersub = PropertySubNewGetter()
+        self.assertEqual(newgettersub.spam, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(newgettersub.__class__.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "new docstring")
+        newgetter = PropertyNewGetter()
+        self.assertEqual(newgetter.spam, 8)
+        self.assertEqual(newgetter.__class__.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "new docstring")
+
+    def test_property___isabstractmethod__descriptor(self):
+        for val in (True, False, [], [1], '', '1'):
+            class C(object):
+                def foo(self):
+                    pass
+                foo.__isabstractmethod__ = val
+                foo = DynamicClassAttribute(foo)
+            self.assertIs(C.__dict__['foo'].__isabstractmethod__, bool(val))
+
+        # check that the DynamicClassAttribute's __isabstractmethod__ descriptor does the
+        # right thing when presented with a value that fails truth testing:
+        class NotBool(object):
+            def __nonzero__(self):
+                raise ValueError()
+            __len__ = __nonzero__
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class C(object):
+                def foo(self):
+                    pass
+                foo.__isabstractmethod__ = NotBool()
+                foo = DynamicClassAttribute(foo)
+
+    def test_abstract_virtual(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ClassWithAbstractVirtualProperty)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ClassWithPropertyAbstractVirtual)
+        class APV(ClassWithPropertyAbstractVirtual):
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, APV)
+        class AVP(ClassWithAbstractVirtualProperty):
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, AVP)
+        class Okay1(ClassWithAbstractVirtualProperty):
+            @DynamicClassAttribute
+            def color(self):
+                return self._color
+            def __init__(self):
+                self._color = 'cyan'
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            Okay1.color
+        self.assertEqual(Okay1().color, 'cyan')
+        class Okay2(ClassWithAbstractVirtualProperty):
+            @DynamicClassAttribute
+            def color(self):
+                return self._color
+            def __init__(self):
+                self._color = 'magenta'
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            Okay2.color
+        self.assertEqual(Okay2().color, 'magenta')
+
+
+# Issue 5890: subclasses of DynamicClassAttribute do not preserve method __doc__ strings
+class PropertySub(DynamicClassAttribute):
+    """This is a subclass of DynamicClassAttribute"""
+
+class PropertySubSlots(DynamicClassAttribute):
+    """This is a subclass of DynamicClassAttribute that defines __slots__"""
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+class PropertySubclassTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(PropertySubSlots, '__doc__'),
+            "__doc__ is already present, __slots__ will have no effect")
+    def test_slots_docstring_copy_exception(self):
+        try:
+            class Foo(object):
+                @PropertySubSlots
+                def spam(self):
+                    """Trying to copy this docstring will raise an exception"""
+                    return 1
+                print('\n',spam.__doc__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise Exception("AttributeError not raised")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_docstring_copy(self):
+        class Foo(object):
+            @PropertySub
+            def spam(self):
+                """spam wrapped in DynamicClassAttribute subclass"""
+                return 1
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Foo.__dict__['spam'].__doc__,
+            "spam wrapped in DynamicClassAttribute subclass")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_property_setter_copies_getter_docstring(self):
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __init__(self): self._spam = 1
+            @PropertySub
+            def spam(self):
+                """spam wrapped in DynamicClassAttribute subclass"""
+                return self._spam
+            @spam.setter
+            def spam(self, value):
+                """this docstring is ignored"""
+                self._spam = value
+        foo = Foo()
+        self.assertEqual(foo.spam, 1)
+        foo.spam = 2
+        self.assertEqual(foo.spam, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Foo.__dict__['spam'].__doc__,
+            "spam wrapped in DynamicClassAttribute subclass")
+        class FooSub(Foo):
+            spam = Foo.__dict__['spam']
+            @spam.setter
+            def spam(self, value):
+                """another ignored docstring"""
+                self._spam = 'eggs'
+        foosub = FooSub()
+        self.assertEqual(foosub.spam, 1)
+        foosub.spam = 7
+        self.assertEqual(foosub.spam, 'eggs')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            FooSub.__dict__['spam'].__doc__,
+            "spam wrapped in DynamicClassAttribute subclass")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_property_new_getter_new_docstring(self):
+
+        class Foo(object):
+            @PropertySub
+            def spam(self):
+                """a docstring"""
+                return 1
+            @spam.getter
+            def spam(self):
+                """a new docstring"""
+                return 2
+        self.assertEqual(Foo.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "a new docstring")
+        class FooBase(object):
+            @PropertySub
+            def spam(self):
+                """a docstring"""
+                return 1
+        class Foo2(FooBase):
+            spam = FooBase.__dict__['spam']
+            @spam.getter
+            def spam(self):
+                """a new docstring"""
+                return 2
+        self.assertEqual(Foo.__dict__['spam'].__doc__, "a new docstring")
+
+
+
+def test_main():
+    run_unittest(PropertyTests, PropertySubclassTests)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_email/__init__.py
index f206ace10c..d8896eed46 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import os
 import sys
 import unittest
 import test.support
+import collections
 import email
 from email.message import Message
 from email._policybase import compat32
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ class TestEmailBase(unittest.TestCase):
     # here we make minimal changes in the test_email tests compared to their
     # pre-3.3 state.
     policy = compat32
+    # Likewise, the default message object is Message.
+    message = Message
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         super().__init__(*args, **kw)
@@ -54,11 +57,23 @@ class TestEmailBase(unittest.TestCase):
         with openfile(filename) as fp:
             return email.message_from_file(fp, policy=self.policy)
 
-    def _str_msg(self, string, message=Message, policy=None):
+    def _str_msg(self, string, message=None, policy=None):
         if policy is None:
             policy = self.policy
+        if message is None:
+            message = self.message
         return email.message_from_string(string, message, policy=policy)
 
+    def _bytes_msg(self, bytestring, message=None, policy=None):
+        if policy is None:
+            policy = self.policy
+        if message is None:
+            message = self.message
+        return email.message_from_bytes(bytestring, message, policy=policy)
+
+    def _make_message(self):
+        return self.message(policy=self.policy)
+
     def _bytes_repr(self, b):
         return [repr(x) for x in b.splitlines(keepends=True)]
 
@@ -123,6 +138,7 @@ def parameterize(cls):
 
     """
     paramdicts = {}
+    testers = collections.defaultdict(list)
     for name, attr in cls.__dict__.items():
         if name.endswith('_params'):
             if not hasattr(attr, 'keys'):
@@ -134,7 +150,15 @@ def parameterize(cls):
                     d[n] = x
                 attr = d
             paramdicts[name[:-7] + '_as_'] = attr
+        if '_as_' in name:
+            testers[name.split('_as_')[0] + '_as_'].append(name)
     testfuncs = {}
+    for name in paramdicts:
+        if name not in testers:
+            raise ValueError("No tester found for {}".format(name))
+    for name in testers:
+        if name not in paramdicts:
+            raise ValueError("No params found for {}".format(name))
     for name, attr in cls.__dict__.items():
         for paramsname, paramsdict in paramdicts.items():
             if name.startswith(paramsname):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_contentmanager.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_contentmanager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdb04e45ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_contentmanager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+import unittest
+from test.test_email import TestEmailBase, parameterize
+import textwrap
+from email import policy
+from email.message import EmailMessage
+from email.contentmanager import ContentManager, raw_data_manager
+
+
+@parameterize
+class TestContentManager(TestEmailBase):
+
+    policy = policy.default
+    message = EmailMessage
+
+    get_key_params = {
+        'full_type':        (1, 'text/plain',),
+        'maintype_only':    (2, 'text',),
+        'null_key':         (3, '',),
+        }
+
+    def get_key_as_get_content_key(self, order, key):
+        def foo_getter(msg, foo=None):
+            bar = msg['X-Bar-Header']
+            return foo, bar
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        cm.add_get_handler(key, foo_getter)
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+        m['X-Bar-Header'] = 'foo'
+        self.assertEqual(cm.get_content(m, foo='bar'), ('bar', 'foo'))
+
+    def get_key_as_get_content_key_order(self, order, key):
+        def bar_getter(msg):
+            return msg['X-Bar-Header']
+        def foo_getter(msg):
+            return msg['X-Foo-Header']
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        cm.add_get_handler(key, foo_getter)
+        for precedence, key in self.get_key_params.values():
+            if precedence > order:
+                cm.add_get_handler(key, bar_getter)
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+        m['X-Bar-Header'] = 'bar'
+        m['X-Foo-Header'] = 'foo'
+        self.assertEqual(cm.get_content(m), ('foo'))
+
+    def test_get_content_raises_if_unknown_mimetype_and_no_default(self):
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(KeyError, 'text/plain'):
+            cm.get_content(m)
+
+    class BaseThing(str):
+        pass
+    baseobject_full_path = __name__ + '.' + 'TestContentManager.BaseThing'
+    class Thing(BaseThing):
+        pass
+    testobject_full_path = __name__ + '.' + 'TestContentManager.Thing'
+
+    set_key_params = {
+        'type':             (0,  Thing,),
+        'full_path':        (1,  testobject_full_path,),
+        'qualname':         (2,  'TestContentManager.Thing',),
+        'name':             (3,  'Thing',),
+        'base_type':        (4,  BaseThing,),
+        'base_full_path':   (5,  baseobject_full_path,),
+        'base_qualname':    (6,  'TestContentManager.BaseThing',),
+        'base_name':        (7,  'BaseThing',),
+        'str_type':         (8,  str,),
+        'str_full_path':    (9,  'builtins.str',),
+        'str_name':         (10, 'str',),   # str name and qualname are the same
+        'null_key':         (11, None,),
+        }
+
+    def set_key_as_set_content_key(self, order, key):
+        def foo_setter(msg, obj, foo=None):
+            msg['X-Foo-Header'] = foo
+            msg.set_payload(obj)
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        cm.add_set_handler(key, foo_setter)
+        m = self._make_message()
+        msg_obj = self.Thing()
+        cm.set_content(m, msg_obj, foo='bar')
+        self.assertEqual(m['X-Foo-Header'], 'bar')
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(), msg_obj)
+
+    def set_key_as_set_content_key_order(self, order, key):
+        def foo_setter(msg, obj):
+            msg['X-FooBar-Header'] = 'foo'
+            msg.set_payload(obj)
+        def bar_setter(msg, obj):
+            msg['X-FooBar-Header'] = 'bar'
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        cm.add_set_handler(key, foo_setter)
+        for precedence, key in self.get_key_params.values():
+            if precedence > order:
+                cm.add_set_handler(key, bar_setter)
+        m = self._make_message()
+        msg_obj = self.Thing()
+        cm.set_content(m, msg_obj)
+        self.assertEqual(m['X-FooBar-Header'], 'foo')
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(), msg_obj)
+
+    def test_set_content_raises_if_unknown_type_and_no_default(self):
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        m = self._make_message()
+        msg_obj = self.Thing()
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(KeyError, self.testobject_full_path):
+            cm.set_content(m, msg_obj)
+
+    def test_set_content_raises_if_called_on_multipart(self):
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m['Content-Type'] = 'multipart/foo'
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            cm.set_content(m, 'test')
+
+    def test_set_content_calls_clear_content(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m['Content-Foo'] = 'bar'
+        m['Content-Type'] = 'text/html'
+        m['To'] = 'test'
+        m.set_payload('abc')
+        cm = ContentManager()
+        cm.add_set_handler(str, lambda *args, **kw: None)
+        m.set_content('xyz', content_manager=cm)
+        self.assertIsNone(m['Content-Foo'])
+        self.assertIsNone(m['Content-Type'])
+        self.assertEqual(m['To'], 'test')
+        self.assertIsNone(m.get_payload())
+
+
+@parameterize
+class TestRawDataManager(TestEmailBase):
+    # Note: these tests are dependent on the order in which headers are added
+    # to the message objects by the code.  There's no defined ordering in
+    # RFC5322/MIME, so this makes the tests more fragile than the standards
+    # require.  However, if the header order changes it is best to understand
+    # *why*, and make sure it isn't a subtle bug in whatever change was
+    # applied.
+
+    policy = policy.default.clone(max_line_length=60,
+                                  content_manager=raw_data_manager)
+    message = EmailMessage
+
+    def test_get_text_plain(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain
+
+            Basic text.
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m), "Basic text.\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_html(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/html
+
+            <p>Basic text.</p>
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m),
+                         "<p>Basic text.</p>\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_plain_latin1(self):
+        m = self._bytes_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset=latin1
+
+            Basìc tëxt.
+            """).encode('latin1'))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m), "Basìc tëxt.\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_plain_latin1_quoted_printable(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="latin-1"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+
+            Bas=ECc t=EBxt.
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m), "Basìc tëxt.\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_plain_utf8_base64(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+
+            QmFzw6xjIHTDq3h0Lgo=
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m), "Basìc tëxt.\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_plain_bad_utf8_quoted_printable(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+
+            Bas=c3=acc t=c3=abxt=fd.
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m), "Basìc tëxt�.\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_plain_bad_utf8_quoted_printable_ignore_errors(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+
+            Bas=c3=acc t=c3=abxt=fd.
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m, errors='ignore'),
+                         "Basìc tëxt.\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_plain_utf8_base64_recoverable_bad_CTE_data(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+
+            QmFzw6xjIHTDq3h0Lgo\xFF=
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m, errors='ignore'),
+                         "Basìc tëxt.\n")
+
+    def test_get_text_invalid_keyword(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain
+
+            Basic text.
+            """))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            raw_data_manager.get_content(m, foo='ignore')
+
+    def test_get_non_text(self):
+        template = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: {}
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+
+            Ym9ndXMgZGF0YQ==
+            """)
+        for maintype in 'audio image video application'.split():
+            with self.subTest(maintype=maintype):
+                m = self._str_msg(template.format(maintype+'/foo'))
+                self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m), b"bogus data")
+
+    def test_get_non_text_invalid_keyword(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: image/jpg
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+
+            Ym9ndXMgZGF0YQ==
+            """))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            raw_data_manager.get_content(m, errors='ignore')
+
+    def test_get_raises_on_multipart(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+            --===
+            --===--
+            """))
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            raw_data_manager.get_content(m)
+
+    def test_get_message_rfc822_and_external_body(self):
+        template = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: message/{}
+
+            To: foo@example.com
+            From: bar@example.com
+            Subject: example
+
+            an example message
+            """)
+        for subtype in 'rfc822 external-body'.split():
+            with self.subTest(subtype=subtype):
+                m = self._str_msg(template.format(subtype))
+                sub_msg = raw_data_manager.get_content(m)
+                self.assertIsInstance(sub_msg, self.message)
+                self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(sub_msg),
+                                 "an example message\n")
+                self.assertEqual(sub_msg['to'], 'foo@example.com')
+                self.assertEqual(sub_msg['from'].addresses[0].username, 'bar')
+
+    def test_get_message_non_rfc822_or_external_body_yields_bytes(self):
+        m = self._str_msg(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: message/partial
+
+            To: foo@example.com
+            From: bar@example.com
+            Subject: example
+
+            The real body is in another message.
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(raw_data_manager.get_content(m)[:10], b'To: foo@ex')
+
+    def test_set_text_plain(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(str(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+            Simple message.
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_html(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "<p>Simple message.</p>\n"
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, subtype='html')
+        self.assertEqual(str(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+            <p>Simple message.</p>
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_charset_latin_1(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, charset='latin-1')
+        self.assertEqual(str(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+            Simple message.
+            """))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_short_line_minimal_non_ascii_heuristics(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "et là il est monté sur moi et il commence à m'éto.\n"
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+            et là il est monté sur moi et il commence à m'éto.
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_long_line_minimal_non_ascii_heuristics(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = ("j'ai un problème de python. il est sorti de son"
+                   " vivarium.  et là il est monté sur moi et il commence"
+                   " à m'éto.\n")
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+
+            j'ai un probl=C3=A8me de python. il est sorti de son vivari=
+            um.  et l=C3=A0 il est mont=C3=A9 sur moi et il commence =
+            =C3=A0 m'=C3=A9to.
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_11_lines_long_line_minimal_non_ascii_heuristics(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = '\n'*10 + (
+                  "j'ai un problème de python. il est sorti de son"
+                  " vivarium.  et là il est monté sur moi et il commence"
+                  " à m'éto.\n")
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+            """ + '\n'*10 + """
+            j'ai un probl=C3=A8me de python. il est sorti de son vivari=
+            um.  et l=C3=A0 il est mont=C3=A9 sur moi et il commence =
+            =C3=A0 m'=C3=A9to.
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_maximal_non_ascii_heuristics(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "áàäéèęöő.\n"
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+            áàäéèęöő.
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_11_lines_maximal_non_ascii_heuristics(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = '\n'*10 + "áàäéèęöő.\n"
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+            """ + '\n'*10 + """
+            áàäéèęöő.
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_long_line_maximal_non_ascii_heuristics(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = ("áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő"
+                   "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő"
+                   "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő.\n")
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+
+            w6HDoMOkw6nDqMSZw7bFkcOhw6DDpMOpw6jEmcO2xZHDocOgw6TDqcOoxJnD
+            tsWRw6HDoMOkw6nDqMSZw7bFkcOhw6DDpMOpw6jEmcO2xZHDocOgw6TDqcOo
+            xJnDtsWRw6HDoMOkw6nDqMSZw7bFkcOhw6DDpMOpw6jEmcO2xZHDocOgw6TD
+            qcOoxJnDtsWRw6HDoMOkw6nDqMSZw7bFkcOhw6DDpMOpw6jEmcO2xZHDocOg
+            w6TDqcOoxJnDtsWRLgo=
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_11_lines_long_line_maximal_non_ascii_heuristics(self):
+        # Yes, it chooses "wrong" here.  It's a heuristic.  So this result
+        # could change if we come up with a better heuristic.
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = ('\n'*10 +
+                   "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő"
+                   "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő"
+                   "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő.\n")
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, "\n"*10 +
+                                        "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő"
+                                        "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő"
+                                        "áàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöőáàäéèęöő.\n")
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+            """ + '\n'*10 + """
+            =C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=
+            =A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=
+            =C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=
+            =A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=
+            =C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=
+            =91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=
+            =C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=
+            =A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=
+            =C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=
+            =99=C3=B6=C5=91=C3=A1=C3=A0=C3=A4=C3=A9=C3=A8=C4=99=C3=B6=
+            =C5=91.
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8'), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_text_non_ascii_with_cte_7bit_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeError):
+            raw_data_manager.set_content(m,"áàäéèęöő.\n", cte='7bit')
+
+    def test_set_text_non_ascii_with_charset_ascii_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeError):
+            raw_data_manager.set_content(m,"áàäéèęöő.\n", charset='ascii')
+
+    def test_set_text_non_ascii_with_cte_7bit_and_charset_ascii_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeError):
+            raw_data_manager.set_content(m,"áàäéèęöő.\n", cte='7bit', charset='ascii')
+
+    def test_set_message(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m['Subject'] = "Forwarded message"
+        content = self._make_message()
+        content['To'] = 'python@vivarium.org'
+        content['From'] = 'police@monty.org'
+        content['Subject'] = "get back in your box"
+        content.set_content("Or face the comfy chair.")
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(str(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Subject: Forwarded message
+            Content-Type: message/rfc822
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+            To: python@vivarium.org
+            From: police@monty.org
+            Subject: get back in your box
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+
+            Or face the comfy chair.
+            """))
+        payload = m.get_payload(0)
+        self.assertIsInstance(payload, self.message)
+        self.assertEqual(str(payload), str(content))
+        self.assertIsInstance(m.get_content(), self.message)
+        self.assertEqual(str(m.get_content()), str(content))
+
+    def test_set_message_with_non_ascii_and_coercion_to_7bit(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m['Subject'] = "Escape report"
+        content = self._make_message()
+        content['To'] = 'police@monty.org'
+        content['From'] = 'victim@monty.org'
+        content['Subject'] = "Help"
+        content.set_content("j'ai un problème de python. il est sorti de son"
+                            " vivarium.")
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Subject: Escape report
+            Content-Type: message/rfc822
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+            To: police@monty.org
+            From: victim@monty.org
+            Subject: Help
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+
+            j'ai un problème de python. il est sorti de son vivarium.
+            """).encode('utf-8'))
+        # The choice of base64 for the body encoding is because generator
+        # doesn't bother with heuristics and uses it unconditionally for utf-8
+        # text.
+        # XXX: the first cte should be 7bit, too...that's a generator bug.
+        # XXX: the line length in the body also looks like a generator bug.
+        self.assertEqual(m.as_string(maxheaderlen=self.policy.max_line_length),
+                         textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Subject: Escape report
+            Content-Type: message/rfc822
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+            To: police@monty.org
+            From: victim@monty.org
+            Subject: Help
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+
+            aidhaSB1biBwcm9ibMOobWUgZGUgcHl0aG9uLiBpbCBlc3Qgc29ydGkgZGUgc29uIHZpdmFyaXVt
+            Lgo=
+            """))
+        self.assertIsInstance(m.get_content(), self.message)
+        self.assertEqual(str(m.get_content()), str(content))
+
+    def test_set_message_invalid_cte_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = self._make_message()
+        for cte in 'quoted-printable base64'.split():
+            for subtype in 'rfc822 external-body'.split():
+                with self.subTest(cte=cte, subtype=subtype):
+                    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ar:
+                        m.set_content(content, subtype, cte=cte)
+                    exc = str(ar.exception)
+                    self.assertIn(cte, exc)
+                    self.assertIn(subtype, exc)
+        subtype = 'external-body'
+        for cte in '8bit binary'.split():
+            with self.subTest(cte=cte, subtype=subtype):
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ar:
+                    m.set_content(content, subtype, cte=cte)
+                exc = str(ar.exception)
+                self.assertIn(cte, exc)
+                self.assertIn(subtype, exc)
+
+    def test_set_image_jpg(self):
+        for content in (b"bogus content",
+                        bytearray(b"bogus content"),
+                        memoryview(b"bogus content")):
+            with self.subTest(content=content):
+                m = self._make_message()
+                raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, 'image', 'jpeg')
+                self.assertEqual(str(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+                    Content-Type: image/jpeg
+                    Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+
+                    Ym9ndXMgY29udGVudA==
+                    """))
+                self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True), content)
+                self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_audio_aif_with_quoted_printable_cte(self):
+        # Why you would use qp, I don't know, but it is technically supported.
+        # XXX: the incorrect line length is because binascii.b2a_qp doesn't
+        # support a line length parameter, but we must use it to get newline
+        # encoding.
+        # XXX: what about that lack of tailing newline?  Do we actually handle
+        # that correctly in all cases?  That is, if the *source* has an
+        # unencoded newline, do we add an extra newline to the returned payload
+        # or not?  And can that actually be disambiguated based on the RFC?
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = b'b\xFFgus\tcon\nt\rent ' + b'z'*100
+        m.set_content(content, 'audio', 'aif', cte='quoted-printable')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: audio/aif
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+
+            b=FFgus=09con=0At=0Dent=20zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz=
+            zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz""").encode('latin-1'))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_video_mpeg_with_binary_cte(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = b'b\xFFgus\tcon\nt\rent ' + b'z'*100
+        m.set_content(content, 'video', 'mpeg', cte='binary')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: video/mpeg
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+
+            """).encode('ascii') +
+            # XXX: the second \n ought to be a \r, but generator gets it wrong.
+            # THIS MEANS WE DON'T ACTUALLY SUPPORT THE 'binary' CTE.
+            b'b\xFFgus\tcon\nt\nent zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz' +
+            b'zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz')
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_application_octet_stream_with_8bit_cte(self):
+        # In 8bit mode, univeral line end logic applies.  It is up to the
+        # application to make sure the lines are short enough; we don't check.
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = b'b\xFFgus\tcon\nt\rent\n' + b'z'*60 + b'\n'
+        m.set_content(content, 'application', 'octet-stream', cte='8bit')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+
+            """).encode('ascii') +
+            b'b\xFFgus\tcon\nt\nent\n' +
+            b'zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz\n')
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(decode=True), content)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), content)
+
+    def test_set_headers_from_header_objects(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        header_factory = self.policy.header_factory
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, headers=(
+            header_factory("To", "foo@example.com"),
+            header_factory("From", "foo@example.com"),
+            header_factory("Subject", "I'm talking to myself.")))
+        self.assertEqual(str(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            To: foo@example.com
+            From: foo@example.com
+            Subject: I'm talking to myself.
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+            Simple message.
+            """))
+
+    def test_set_headers_from_strings(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, headers=(
+            "X-Foo-Header: foo",
+            "X-Bar-Header: bar",))
+        self.assertEqual(str(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            X-Foo-Header: foo
+            X-Bar-Header: bar
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+            Simple message.
+            """))
+
+    def test_set_headers_with_invalid_duplicate_string_header_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'Content-Type'):
+            raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, headers=(
+                "Content-Type: foo/bar",)
+                )
+
+    def test_set_headers_with_invalid_duplicate_header_header_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        header_factory = self.policy.header_factory
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'Content-Type'):
+            raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, headers=(
+                header_factory("Content-Type", " foo/bar"),)
+                )
+
+    def test_set_headers_with_defective_string_header_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'a@fairly@@invalid@address'):
+            raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, headers=(
+                'To: a@fairly@@invalid@address',)
+                )
+            print(m['To'].defects)
+
+    def test_set_headers_with_defective_header_header_raises(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        content = "Simple message.\n"
+        header_factory = self.policy.header_factory
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'a@fairly@@invalid@address'):
+            raw_data_manager.set_content(m, content, headers=(
+                header_factory('To', 'a@fairly@@invalid@address'),)
+                )
+            print(m['To'].defects)
+
+    def test_set_disposition_inline(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content('foo', disposition='inline')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'], 'inline')
+
+    def test_set_disposition_attachment(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content('foo', disposition='attachment')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'], 'attachment')
+
+    def test_set_disposition_foo(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content('foo', disposition='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'], 'foo')
+
+    # XXX: we should have a 'strict' policy mode (beyond raise_on_defect) that
+    # would cause 'foo' above to raise.
+
+    def test_set_filename(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content('foo', filename='bar.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'],
+                         'attachment; filename="bar.txt"')
+
+    def test_set_filename_and_disposition_inline(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content('foo', disposition='inline', filename='bar.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'], 'inline; filename="bar.txt"')
+
+    def test_set_non_ascii_filename(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content('foo', filename='ábárî.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+            Content-Disposition: attachment;
+             filename*=utf-8''%C3%A1b%C3%A1r%C3%AE.txt
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+
+            foo
+            """).encode('ascii'))
+
+    content_object_params = {
+        'text_plain': ('content', ()),
+        'text_html': ('content', ('html',)),
+        'application_octet_stream': (b'content',
+                                     ('application', 'octet_stream')),
+        'image_jpeg': (b'content', ('image', 'jpeg')),
+        'message_rfc822': (message(), ()),
+        'message_external_body': (message(), ('external-body',)),
+        }
+
+    def content_object_as_header_receiver(self, obj, mimetype):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content(obj, *mimetype, headers=(
+            'To: foo@example.com',
+            'From: bar@simple.net'))
+        self.assertEqual(m['to'], 'foo@example.com')
+        self.assertEqual(m['from'], 'bar@simple.net')
+
+    def content_object_as_disposition_inline_receiver(self, obj, mimetype):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content(obj, *mimetype, disposition='inline')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'], 'inline')
+
+    def content_object_as_non_ascii_filename_receiver(self, obj, mimetype):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content(obj, *mimetype, disposition='inline', filename='bár.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'], 'inline; filename="bár.txt"')
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_filename(), "bár.txt")
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Disposition'].params['filename'], "bár.txt")
+
+    def content_object_as_cid_receiver(self, obj, mimetype):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        m.set_content(obj, *mimetype, cid='some_random_stuff')
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-ID'], 'some_random_stuff')
+
+    def content_object_as_params_receiver(self, obj, mimetype):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        params = {'foo': 'bár', 'abc': 'xyz'}
+        m.set_content(obj, *mimetype, params=params)
+        if isinstance(obj, str):
+            params['charset'] = 'utf-8'
+        self.assertEqual(m['Content-Type'].params, params)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_email.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_email.py
index 51fe756df7..26ed96ccc4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_email.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_email.py
@@ -281,15 +281,42 @@ class TestMessageAPI(TestEmailBase):
         self.assertIn('TO', msg)
 
     def test_as_string(self):
-        eq = self.ndiffAssertEqual
         msg = self._msgobj('msg_01.txt')
         with openfile('msg_01.txt') as fp:
             text = fp.read()
-        eq(text, str(msg))
+        self.assertEqual(text, str(msg))
         fullrepr = msg.as_string(unixfrom=True)
         lines = fullrepr.split('\n')
         self.assertTrue(lines[0].startswith('From '))
-        eq(text, NL.join(lines[1:]))
+        self.assertEqual(text, NL.join(lines[1:]))
+
+    def test_as_string_policy(self):
+        msg = self._msgobj('msg_01.txt')
+        newpolicy = msg.policy.clone(linesep='\r\n')
+        fullrepr = msg.as_string(policy=newpolicy)
+        s = StringIO()
+        g = Generator(s, policy=newpolicy)
+        g.flatten(msg)
+        self.assertEqual(fullrepr, s.getvalue())
+
+    def test_as_bytes(self):
+        msg = self._msgobj('msg_01.txt')
+        with openfile('msg_01.txt') as fp:
+            data = fp.read().encode('ascii')
+        self.assertEqual(data, bytes(msg))
+        fullrepr = msg.as_bytes(unixfrom=True)
+        lines = fullrepr.split(b'\n')
+        self.assertTrue(lines[0].startswith(b'From '))
+        self.assertEqual(data, b'\n'.join(lines[1:]))
+
+    def test_as_bytes_policy(self):
+        msg = self._msgobj('msg_01.txt')
+        newpolicy = msg.policy.clone(linesep='\r\n')
+        fullrepr = msg.as_bytes(policy=newpolicy)
+        s = BytesIO()
+        g = BytesGenerator(s,policy=newpolicy)
+        g.flatten(msg)
+        self.assertEqual(fullrepr, s.getvalue())
 
     # test_headerregistry.TestContentTypeHeader.bad_params
     def test_bad_param(self):
@@ -742,8 +769,15 @@ class TestEncoders(unittest.TestCase):
         # whose output character set is 7bit gets a transfer-encoding
         # of 7bit.
         eq = self.assertEqual
-        msg = MIMEText('文', _charset='euc-jp')
+        msg = MIMEText('文\n', _charset='euc-jp')
         eq(msg['content-transfer-encoding'], '7bit')
+        eq(msg.as_string(), textwrap.dedent("""\
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-2022-jp"
+            Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+            \x1b$BJ8\x1b(B
+            """))
 
     def test_qp_encode_latin1(self):
         msg = MIMEText('\xe1\xf6\n', 'text', 'ISO-8859-1')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py
index adaf3e8fe4..7d64a3829c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_headerregistry.py
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ class TestContentTypeHeader(TestHeaderBase):
             'text/plain; name="ascii_is_the_default"'),
 
         'rfc2231_bad_character_in_charset_parameter_value': (
-            "text/plain; charset*=ascii''utf-8%E2%80%9D",
+            "text/plain; charset*=ascii''utf-8%F1%F2%F3",
             'text/plain',
             'text',
             'plain',
@@ -669,6 +669,18 @@ class TestContentTypeHeader(TestHeaderBase):
             [errors.UndecodableBytesDefect],
             'text/plain; charset="utf-8\uFFFD\uFFFD\uFFFD"'),
 
+        'rfc2231_utf_8_in_supposedly_ascii_charset_parameter_value': (
+            "text/plain; charset*=ascii''utf-8%E2%80%9D",
+            'text/plain',
+            'text',
+            'plain',
+            {'charset': 'utf-8”'},
+            [errors.UndecodableBytesDefect],
+            'text/plain; charset="utf-8”"',
+            ),
+            # XXX: if the above were *re*folded, it would get tagged as utf-8
+            # instead of ascii in the param, since it now contains non-ASCII.
+
         'rfc2231_encoded_then_unencoded_segments': (
             ('application/x-foo;'
                 '\tname*0*="us-ascii\'en-us\'My";'
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_message.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_message.py
index 8cc3f80e46..c761c62d04 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_message.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_message.py
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 import unittest
-from email import policy
-from test.test_email import TestEmailBase
+import textwrap
+from email import policy, message_from_string
+from email.message import EmailMessage, MIMEPart
+from test.test_email import TestEmailBase, parameterize
+
+
+# Helper.
+def first(iterable):
+    return next(filter(lambda x: x is not None, iterable), None)
 
 
 class Test(TestEmailBase):
@@ -13,6 +20,753 @@ class Test(TestEmailBase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             m['To'] = 'xyz@abc'
 
+    def test_rfc2043_auto_decoded_and_emailmessage_used(self):
+        m = message_from_string(textwrap.dedent("""\
+            Subject: Ayons asperges pour le =?utf-8?q?d=C3=A9jeuner?=
+            From: =?utf-8?q?Pep=C3=A9?= Le Pew <pepe@example.com>
+            To: "Penelope Pussycat" <"penelope@example.com">
+            MIME-Version: 1.0
+            Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+
+            sample text
+            """), policy=policy.default)
+        self.assertEqual(m['subject'], "Ayons asperges pour le déjeuner")
+        self.assertEqual(m['from'], "Pepé Le Pew <pepe@example.com>")
+        self.assertIsInstance(m, EmailMessage)
+
+
+@parameterize
+class TestEmailMessageBase:
+
+    policy = policy.default
+
+    # The first argument is a triple (related, html, plain) of indices into the
+    # list returned by 'walk' called on a Message constructed from the third.
+    # The indices indicate which part should match the corresponding part-type
+    # when passed to get_body (ie: the "first" part of that type in the
+    # message).  The second argument is a list of indices into the 'walk' list
+    # of the attachments that should be returned by a call to
+    # 'iter_attachments'.  The third argument is a list of indices into 'walk'
+    # that should be returned by a call to 'iter_parts'.  Note that the first
+    # item returned by 'walk' is the Message itself.
+
+    message_params = {
+
+        'empty_message': (
+            (None, None, 0),
+            (),
+            (),
+            ""),
+
+        'non_mime_plain': (
+            (None, None, 0),
+            (),
+            (),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+
+                simple text body
+                """)),
+
+        'mime_non_text': (
+            (None, None, None),
+            (),
+            (),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+
+                bogus body.
+                """)),
+
+        'plain_html_alternative': (
+            (None, 2, 1),
+            (),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="==="
+
+                preamble
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+
+                simple body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        'plain_html_mixed': (
+            (None, 2, 1),
+            (),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                preamble
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+
+                simple body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        'plain_html_attachment_mixed': (
+            (None, None, 1),
+            (2,),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+
+                simple body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+                Content-Disposition: attachment
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        'html_text_attachment_mixed': (
+            (None, 2, None),
+            (1,),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+                Content-Disposition: AtTaChment
+
+                simple body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        'html_text_attachment_inline_mixed': (
+            (None, 2, 1),
+            (),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+                Content-Disposition: InLine
+
+                simple body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+                Content-Disposition: inline
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        # RFC 2387
+        'related': (
+            (0, 1, None),
+            (2,),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="==="; type=text/html
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-ID: <image1>
+
+                bogus data
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        # This message structure will probably never be seen in the wild, but
+        # it proves we distinguish between text parts based on 'start'.  The
+        # content would not, of course, actually work :)
+        'related_with_start': (
+            (0, 2, None),
+            (1,),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="==="; type=text/html;
+                 start="<body>"
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+                Content-ID: <include>
+
+                useless text
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/html
+                Content-ID: <body>
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+                <!--#include file="<include>"-->
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+
+        'mixed_alternative_plain_related': (
+            (3, 4, 2),
+            (6, 7),
+            (1, 6, 7),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="+++"
+
+                --+++
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+
+                simple body
+
+                --+++
+                Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="___"
+
+                --___
+                Content-Type: text/html
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --___
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-ID: <image1@cid>
+
+                bogus jpg body
+
+                --___--
+
+                --+++--
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-Disposition: attachment
+
+                bogus jpg body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-Disposition: AttacHmenT
+
+                another bogus jpg body
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        # This structure suggested by Stephen J. Turnbull...may not exist/be
+        # supported in the wild, but we want to support it.
+        'mixed_related_alternative_plain_html': (
+            (1, 4, 3),
+            (6, 7),
+            (1, 6, 7),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="+++"
+
+                --+++
+                Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="___"
+
+                --___
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+
+                simple body
+
+                --___
+                Content-Type: text/html
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --___--
+
+                --+++
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-ID: <image1@cid>
+
+                bogus jpg body
+
+                --+++--
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-Disposition: attachment
+
+                bogus jpg body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-Disposition: attachment
+
+                another bogus jpg body
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        # Same thing, but proving we only look at the root part, which is the
+        # first one if there isn't any start parameter.  That is, this is a
+        # broken related.
+        'mixed_related_alternative_plain_html_wrong_order': (
+            (1, None, None),
+            (6, 7),
+            (1, 6, 7),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="+++"
+
+                --+++
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-ID: <image1@cid>
+
+                bogus jpg body
+
+                --+++
+                Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="___"
+
+                --___
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+
+                simple body
+
+                --___
+                Content-Type: text/html
+
+                <p>simple body</p>
+
+                --___--
+
+                --+++--
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-Disposition: attachment
+
+                bogus jpg body
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: image/jpg
+                Content-Disposition: attachment
+
+                another bogus jpg body
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+        'message_rfc822': (
+            (None, None, None),
+            (),
+            (),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: message/rfc822
+
+                To: bar@example.com
+                From: robot@examp.com
+
+                this is a message body.
+                """)),
+
+        'mixed_text_message_rfc822': (
+            (None, None, 1),
+            (2,),
+            (1, 2),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                To: foo@example.com
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==="
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+
+                Your message has bounced, ser.
+
+                --===
+                Content-Type: message/rfc822
+
+                To: bar@example.com
+                From: robot@examp.com
+
+                this is a message body.
+
+                --===--
+                """)),
+
+         }
+
+    def message_as_get_body(self, body_parts, attachments, parts, msg):
+        m = self._str_msg(msg)
+        allparts = list(m.walk())
+        expected = [None if n is None else allparts[n] for n in body_parts]
+        related = 0; html = 1; plain = 2
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(), first(expected))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=(
+                                        'related', 'html', 'plain')),
+                         first(expected))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('related', 'html')),
+                         first(expected[related:html+1]))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('related', 'plain')),
+                         first([expected[related], expected[plain]]))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('html', 'plain')),
+                         first(expected[html:plain+1]))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=['related']),
+                         expected[related])
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=['html']), expected[html])
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=['plain']), expected[plain])
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('plain', 'html')),
+                         first(expected[plain:html-1:-1]))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('plain', 'related')),
+                         first([expected[plain], expected[related]]))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('html', 'related')),
+                         first(expected[html::-1]))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('plain', 'html', 'related')),
+                         first(expected[::-1]))
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_body(preferencelist=('html', 'plain', 'related')),
+                         first([expected[html],
+                                expected[plain],
+                                expected[related]]))
+
+    def message_as_iter_attachment(self, body_parts, attachments, parts, msg):
+        m = self._str_msg(msg)
+        allparts = list(m.walk())
+        attachments = [allparts[n] for n in attachments]
+        self.assertEqual(list(m.iter_attachments()), attachments)
+
+    def message_as_iter_parts(self, body_parts, attachments, parts, msg):
+        m = self._str_msg(msg)
+        allparts = list(m.walk())
+        parts = [allparts[n] for n in parts]
+        self.assertEqual(list(m.iter_parts()), parts)
+
+    class _TestContentManager:
+        def get_content(self, msg, *args, **kw):
+            return msg, args, kw
+        def set_content(self, msg, *args, **kw):
+            self.msg = msg
+            self.args = args
+            self.kw = kw
+
+    def test_get_content_with_cm(self):
+        m = self._str_msg('')
+        cm = self._TestContentManager()
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(content_manager=cm), (m, (), {}))
+        msg, args, kw = m.get_content('foo', content_manager=cm, bar=1, k=2)
+        self.assertEqual(msg, m)
+        self.assertEqual(args, ('foo',))
+        self.assertEqual(kw, dict(bar=1, k=2))
+
+    def test_get_content_default_cm_comes_from_policy(self):
+        p = policy.default.clone(content_manager=self._TestContentManager())
+        m = self._str_msg('', policy=p)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content(), (m, (), {}))
+        msg, args, kw = m.get_content('foo', bar=1, k=2)
+        self.assertEqual(msg, m)
+        self.assertEqual(args, ('foo',))
+        self.assertEqual(kw, dict(bar=1, k=2))
+
+    def test_set_content_with_cm(self):
+        m = self._str_msg('')
+        cm = self._TestContentManager()
+        m.set_content(content_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.msg, m)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.args, ())
+        self.assertEqual(cm.kw, {})
+        m.set_content('foo', content_manager=cm, bar=1, k=2)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.msg, m)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.args, ('foo',))
+        self.assertEqual(cm.kw, dict(bar=1, k=2))
+
+    def test_set_content_default_cm_comes_from_policy(self):
+        cm = self._TestContentManager()
+        p = policy.default.clone(content_manager=cm)
+        m = self._str_msg('', policy=p)
+        m.set_content()
+        self.assertEqual(cm.msg, m)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.args, ())
+        self.assertEqual(cm.kw, {})
+        m.set_content('foo', bar=1, k=2)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.msg, m)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.args, ('foo',))
+        self.assertEqual(cm.kw, dict(bar=1, k=2))
+
+    # outcome is whether xxx_method should raise ValueError error when called
+    # on multipart/subtype.  Blank outcome means it depends on xxx (add
+    # succeeds, make raises).  Note: 'none' means there are content-type
+    # headers but payload is None...this happening in practice would be very
+    # unusual, so treating it as if there were content seems reasonable.
+    #    method          subtype           outcome
+    subtype_params = (
+        ('related',      'no_content',     'succeeds'),
+        ('related',      'none',           'succeeds'),
+        ('related',      'plain',          'succeeds'),
+        ('related',      'related',        ''),
+        ('related',      'alternative',    'raises'),
+        ('related',      'mixed',          'raises'),
+        ('alternative',  'no_content',     'succeeds'),
+        ('alternative',  'none',           'succeeds'),
+        ('alternative',  'plain',          'succeeds'),
+        ('alternative',  'related',        'succeeds'),
+        ('alternative',  'alternative',    ''),
+        ('alternative',  'mixed',          'raises'),
+        ('mixed',        'no_content',     'succeeds'),
+        ('mixed',        'none',           'succeeds'),
+        ('mixed',        'plain',          'succeeds'),
+        ('mixed',        'related',        'succeeds'),
+        ('mixed',        'alternative',    'succeeds'),
+        ('mixed',        'mixed',          ''),
+        )
+
+    def _make_subtype_test_message(self, subtype):
+        m = self.message()
+        payload = None
+        msg_headers =  [
+            ('To', 'foo@bar.com'),
+            ('From', 'bar@foo.com'),
+            ]
+        if subtype != 'no_content':
+            ('content-shadow', 'Logrus'),
+        msg_headers.append(('X-Random-Header', 'Corwin'))
+        if subtype == 'text':
+            payload = ''
+            msg_headers.append(('Content-Type', 'text/plain'))
+            m.set_payload('')
+        elif subtype != 'no_content':
+            payload = []
+            msg_headers.append(('Content-Type', 'multipart/' + subtype))
+        msg_headers.append(('X-Trump', 'Random'))
+        m.set_payload(payload)
+        for name, value in msg_headers:
+            m[name] = value
+        return m, msg_headers, payload
+
+    def _check_disallowed_subtype_raises(self, m, method_name, subtype, method):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ar:
+            getattr(m, method)()
+        exc_text = str(ar.exception)
+        self.assertIn(subtype, exc_text)
+        self.assertIn(method_name, exc_text)
+
+    def _check_make_multipart(self, m, msg_headers, payload):
+        count = 0
+        for name, value in msg_headers:
+            if not name.lower().startswith('content-'):
+                self.assertEqual(m[name], value)
+                count += 1
+        self.assertEqual(len(m), count+1) # +1 for new Content-Type
+        part = next(m.iter_parts())
+        count = 0
+        for name, value in msg_headers:
+            if name.lower().startswith('content-'):
+                self.assertEqual(part[name], value)
+                count += 1
+        self.assertEqual(len(part), count)
+        self.assertEqual(part.get_payload(), payload)
+
+    def subtype_as_make(self, method, subtype, outcome):
+        m, msg_headers, payload = self._make_subtype_test_message(subtype)
+        make_method = 'make_' + method
+        if outcome in ('', 'raises'):
+            self._check_disallowed_subtype_raises(m, method, subtype, make_method)
+            return
+        getattr(m, make_method)()
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content_maintype(), 'multipart')
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content_subtype(), method)
+        if subtype == 'no_content':
+            self.assertEqual(len(m.get_payload()), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(m.items(),
+                             msg_headers + [('Content-Type',
+                                             'multipart/'+method)])
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(len(m.get_payload()), 1)
+            self._check_make_multipart(m, msg_headers, payload)
+
+    def subtype_as_make_with_boundary(self, method, subtype, outcome):
+        # Doing all variation is a bit of overkill...
+        m = self.message()
+        if outcome in ('', 'raises'):
+            m['Content-Type'] = 'multipart/' + subtype
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+                getattr(m, 'make_' + method)()
+            return
+        if subtype == 'plain':
+            m['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+        elif subtype != 'no_content':
+            m['Content-Type'] = 'multipart/' + subtype
+        getattr(m, 'make_' + method)(boundary="abc")
+        self.assertTrue(m.is_multipart())
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_boundary(), 'abc')
+
+    def test_policy_on_part_made_by_make_comes_from_message(self):
+        for method in ('make_related', 'make_alternative', 'make_mixed'):
+            m = self.message(policy=self.policy.clone(content_manager='foo'))
+            m['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+            getattr(m, method)()
+            self.assertEqual(m.get_payload(0).policy.content_manager, 'foo')
+
+    class _TestSetContentManager:
+        def set_content(self, msg, content, *args, **kw):
+            msg['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+            msg.set_payload(content)
+
+    def subtype_as_add(self, method, subtype, outcome):
+        m, msg_headers, payload = self._make_subtype_test_message(subtype)
+        cm = self._TestSetContentManager()
+        add_method = 'add_attachment' if method=='mixed' else 'add_' + method
+        if outcome == 'raises':
+            self._check_disallowed_subtype_raises(m, method, subtype, add_method)
+            return
+        getattr(m, add_method)('test', content_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content_maintype(), 'multipart')
+        self.assertEqual(m.get_content_subtype(), method)
+        if method == subtype or subtype == 'no_content':
+            self.assertEqual(len(m.get_payload()), 1)
+            for name, value in msg_headers:
+                self.assertEqual(m[name], value)
+            part = m.get_payload()[0]
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(len(m.get_payload()), 2)
+            self._check_make_multipart(m, msg_headers, payload)
+            part = m.get_payload()[1]
+        self.assertEqual(part.get_content_type(), 'text/plain')
+        self.assertEqual(part.get_payload(), 'test')
+        if method=='mixed':
+            self.assertEqual(part['Content-Disposition'], 'attachment')
+        elif method=='related':
+            self.assertEqual(part['Content-Disposition'], 'inline')
+        else:
+            # Otherwise we don't guess.
+            self.assertIsNone(part['Content-Disposition'])
+
+    class _TestSetRaisingContentManager:
+        def set_content(self, msg, content, *args, **kw):
+            raise Exception('test')
+
+    def test_default_content_manager_for_add_comes_from_policy(self):
+        cm = self._TestSetRaisingContentManager()
+        m = self.message(policy=self.policy.clone(content_manager=cm))
+        for method in ('add_related', 'add_alternative', 'add_attachment'):
+            with self.assertRaises(Exception) as ar:
+                getattr(m, method)('')
+            self.assertEqual(str(ar.exception), 'test')
+
+    def message_as_clear(self, body_parts, attachments, parts, msg):
+        m = self._str_msg(msg)
+        m.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(m), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(list(m.items()), [])
+        self.assertIsNone(m.get_payload())
+        self.assertEqual(list(m.iter_parts()), [])
+
+    def message_as_clear_content(self, body_parts, attachments, parts, msg):
+        m = self._str_msg(msg)
+        expected_headers = [h for h in m.keys()
+                            if not h.lower().startswith('content-')]
+        m.clear_content()
+        self.assertEqual(list(m.keys()), expected_headers)
+        self.assertIsNone(m.get_payload())
+        self.assertEqual(list(m.iter_parts()), [])
+
+    def test_is_attachment(self):
+        m = self._make_message()
+        self.assertFalse(m.is_attachment)
+        m['Content-Disposition'] = 'inline'
+        self.assertFalse(m.is_attachment)
+        m.replace_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment')
+        self.assertTrue(m.is_attachment)
+        m.replace_header('Content-Disposition', 'AtTachMent')
+        self.assertTrue(m.is_attachment)
+
+
+
+class TestEmailMessage(TestEmailMessageBase, TestEmailBase):
+    message = EmailMessage
+
+    def test_set_content_adds_MIME_Version(self):
+        m = self._str_msg('')
+        cm = self._TestContentManager()
+        self.assertNotIn('MIME-Version', m)
+        m.set_content(content_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(m['MIME-Version'], '1.0')
+
+    class _MIME_Version_adding_CM:
+        def set_content(self, msg, *args, **kw):
+            msg['MIME-Version'] = '1.0'
+
+    def test_set_content_does_not_duplicate_MIME_Version(self):
+        m = self._str_msg('')
+        cm = self._MIME_Version_adding_CM()
+        self.assertNotIn('MIME-Version', m)
+        m.set_content(content_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(m['MIME-Version'], '1.0')
+
+
+class TestMIMEPart(TestEmailMessageBase, TestEmailBase):
+    # Doing the full test run here may seem a bit redundant, since the two
+    # classes are almost identical.  But what if they drift apart?  So we do
+    # the full tests so that any future drift doesn't introduce bugs.
+    message = MIMEPart
+
+    def test_set_content_does_not_add_MIME_Version(self):
+        m = self._str_msg('')
+        cm = self._TestContentManager()
+        self.assertNotIn('MIME-Version', m)
+        m.set_content(content_manager=cm)
+        self.assertNotIn('MIME-Version', m)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py b/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py
index 983bd49a11..06ad5f24b8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/test_policy.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class PolicyAPITests(unittest.TestCase):
         'raise_on_defect':          False,
         'header_factory':           email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_factory,
         'refold_source':            'long',
+        'content_manager':          email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager,
         })
 
     # For each policy under test, we give here what we expect the defaults to
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_email/torture_test.py b/Lib/test/test_email/torture_test.py
index 544b1bbb39..19cf64f0c7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_email/torture_test.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_email/torture_test.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def openfile(filename):
 # Prevent this test from running in the Python distro
 try:
     openfile('crispin-torture.txt')
-except IOError:
+except OSError:
     raise TestSkipped
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ensurepip.py b/Lib/test/test_ensurepip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8644a651bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ensurepip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+import unittest
+import unittest.mock
+import test.support
+import os
+import os.path
+import contextlib
+import sys
+
+import ensurepip
+import ensurepip._uninstall
+
+# pip currently requires ssl support, so we ensure we handle
+# it being missing (http://bugs.python.org/issue19744)
+ensurepip_no_ssl = test.support.import_fresh_module("ensurepip",
+                                                    blocked=["ssl"])
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    def requires_usable_pip(f):
+        deco = unittest.skip(ensurepip._MISSING_SSL_MESSAGE)
+        return deco(f)
+else:
+    def requires_usable_pip(f):
+        return f
+
+class TestEnsurePipVersion(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_returns_version(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ensurepip._PIP_VERSION, ensurepip.version())
+
+class EnsurepipMixin:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        run_pip_patch = unittest.mock.patch("ensurepip._run_pip")
+        self.run_pip = run_pip_patch.start()
+        self.addCleanup(run_pip_patch.stop)
+
+        # Avoid side effects on the actual os module
+        real_devnull = os.devnull
+        os_patch = unittest.mock.patch("ensurepip.os")
+        patched_os = os_patch.start()
+        self.addCleanup(os_patch.stop)
+        patched_os.devnull = real_devnull
+        patched_os.path = os.path
+        self.os_environ = patched_os.environ = os.environ.copy()
+
+
+class TestBootstrap(EnsurepipMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_basic_bootstrapping(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap()
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+        additional_paths = self.run_pip.call_args[0][1]
+        self.assertEqual(len(additional_paths), 2)
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_root(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(root="/foo/bar/")
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "--root", "/foo/bar/",
+                "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_user(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(user=True)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "--user", "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_upgrade(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(upgrade=True)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "--upgrade", "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_verbosity_1(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(verbosity=1)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "-v", "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_verbosity_2(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(verbosity=2)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "-vv", "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_verbosity_3(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(verbosity=3)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "-vvv", "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_regular_install(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap()
+        self.assertEqual(self.os_environ["ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS"], "install")
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_alt_install(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(altinstall=True)
+        self.assertEqual(self.os_environ["ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS"], "altinstall")
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrapping_with_default_pip(self):
+        ensurepip.bootstrap(default_pip=True)
+        self.assertNotIn("ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS", self.os_environ)
+
+    def test_altinstall_default_pip_conflict(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            ensurepip.bootstrap(altinstall=True, default_pip=True)
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_pip_environment_variables_removed(self):
+        # ensurepip deliberately ignores all pip environment variables
+        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue19734 for details
+        self.os_environ["PIP_THIS_SHOULD_GO_AWAY"] = "test fodder"
+        ensurepip.bootstrap()
+        self.assertNotIn("PIP_THIS_SHOULD_GO_AWAY", self.os_environ)
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_pip_config_file_disabled(self):
+        # ensurepip deliberately ignores the pip config file
+        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue20053 for details
+        ensurepip.bootstrap()
+        self.assertEqual(self.os_environ["PIP_CONFIG_FILE"], os.devnull)
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def fake_pip(version=ensurepip._PIP_VERSION):
+    if version is None:
+        pip = None
+    else:
+        class FakePip():
+            __version__ = version
+        pip = FakePip()
+    sentinel = object()
+    orig_pip = sys.modules.get("pip", sentinel)
+    sys.modules["pip"] = pip
+    try:
+        yield pip
+    finally:
+        if orig_pip is sentinel:
+            del sys.modules["pip"]
+        else:
+            sys.modules["pip"] = orig_pip
+
+class TestUninstall(EnsurepipMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_uninstall_skipped_when_not_installed(self):
+        with fake_pip(None):
+            ensurepip._uninstall_helper()
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_uninstall_fails_with_wrong_version(self):
+        with fake_pip("not a valid version"):
+            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+                ensurepip._uninstall_helper()
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_uninstall(self):
+        with fake_pip():
+            ensurepip._uninstall_helper()
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            ["uninstall", "-y", "pip", "setuptools"]
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_uninstall_with_verbosity_1(self):
+        with fake_pip():
+            ensurepip._uninstall_helper(verbosity=1)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            ["uninstall", "-y", "-v", "pip", "setuptools"]
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_uninstall_with_verbosity_2(self):
+        with fake_pip():
+            ensurepip._uninstall_helper(verbosity=2)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            ["uninstall", "-y", "-vv", "pip", "setuptools"]
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_uninstall_with_verbosity_3(self):
+        with fake_pip():
+            ensurepip._uninstall_helper(verbosity=3)
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            ["uninstall", "-y", "-vvv", "pip", "setuptools"]
+        )
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_pip_environment_variables_removed(self):
+        # ensurepip deliberately ignores all pip environment variables
+        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue19734 for details
+        self.os_environ["PIP_THIS_SHOULD_GO_AWAY"] = "test fodder"
+        with fake_pip():
+            ensurepip._uninstall_helper()
+        self.assertNotIn("PIP_THIS_SHOULD_GO_AWAY", self.os_environ)
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_pip_config_file_disabled(self):
+        # ensurepip deliberately ignores the pip config file
+        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue20053 for details
+        with fake_pip():
+            ensurepip._uninstall_helper()
+        self.assertEqual(self.os_environ["PIP_CONFIG_FILE"], os.devnull)
+
+
+class TestMissingSSL(EnsurepipMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        sys.modules["ensurepip"] = ensurepip_no_ssl
+        @self.addCleanup
+        def restore_module():
+            sys.modules["ensurepip"] = ensurepip
+        super().setUp()
+
+    def test_bootstrap_requires_ssl(self):
+        self.os_environ["PIP_THIS_SHOULD_STAY"] = "test fodder"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "requires SSL/TLS"):
+            ensurepip_no_ssl.bootstrap()
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+        self.assertIn("PIP_THIS_SHOULD_STAY", self.os_environ)
+
+    def test_uninstall_requires_ssl(self):
+        self.os_environ["PIP_THIS_SHOULD_STAY"] = "test fodder"
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "requires SSL/TLS"):
+            with fake_pip():
+                ensurepip_no_ssl._uninstall_helper()
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+        self.assertIn("PIP_THIS_SHOULD_STAY", self.os_environ)
+
+    def test_main_exits_early_with_warning(self):
+        with test.support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
+            ensurepip_no_ssl._main(["--version"])
+        warning = stderr.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertTrue(warning.endswith("requires SSL/TLS"), warning)
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+
+# Basic testing of the main functions and their argument parsing
+
+EXPECTED_VERSION_OUTPUT = "pip " + ensurepip._PIP_VERSION
+
+class TestBootstrappingMainFunction(EnsurepipMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_bootstrap_version(self):
+        with test.support.captured_stdout() as stdout:
+            with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+                ensurepip._main(["--version"])
+        result = stdout.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(result, EXPECTED_VERSION_OUTPUT)
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_basic_bootstrapping(self):
+        ensurepip._main([])
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                "install", "--no-index", "--find-links",
+                unittest.mock.ANY, "setuptools", "pip",
+            ],
+            unittest.mock.ANY,
+        )
+
+        additional_paths = self.run_pip.call_args[0][1]
+        self.assertEqual(len(additional_paths), 2)
+
+class TestUninstallationMainFunction(EnsurepipMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_uninstall_version(self):
+        with test.support.captured_stdout() as stdout:
+            with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+                ensurepip._uninstall._main(["--version"])
+        result = stdout.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(result, EXPECTED_VERSION_OUTPUT)
+        self.run_pip.assert_not_called()
+
+    @requires_usable_pip
+    def test_basic_uninstall(self):
+        with fake_pip():
+            ensurepip._uninstall._main([])
+
+        self.run_pip.assert_called_once_with(
+            ["uninstall", "-y", "pip", "setuptools"]
+        )
+
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test.support.run_unittest(__name__)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_enum.py b/Lib/test/test_enum.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8ef632a0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_enum.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1594 @@
+import enum
+import inspect
+import pydoc
+import unittest
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum, EnumMeta, unique
+from io import StringIO
+from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
+
+# for pickle tests
+try:
+    class Stooges(Enum):
+        LARRY = 1
+        CURLY = 2
+        MOE = 3
+except Exception as exc:
+    Stooges = exc
+
+try:
+    class IntStooges(int, Enum):
+        LARRY = 1
+        CURLY = 2
+        MOE = 3
+except Exception as exc:
+    IntStooges = exc
+
+try:
+    class FloatStooges(float, Enum):
+        LARRY = 1.39
+        CURLY = 2.72
+        MOE = 3.142596
+except Exception as exc:
+    FloatStooges = exc
+
+# for pickle test and subclass tests
+try:
+    class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+        'accepts only string values'
+    class Name(StrEnum):
+        BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum'
+        FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw'
+except Exception as exc:
+    Name = exc
+
+try:
+    Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__)
+except Exception as exc:
+    Question = exc
+
+try:
+    Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because')
+except Exception as exc:
+    Answer = exc
+
+try:
+    Theory = Enum('Theory', 'rule law supposition', qualname='spanish_inquisition')
+except Exception as exc:
+    Theory = exc
+
+# for doctests
+try:
+    class Fruit(Enum):
+        tomato = 1
+        banana = 2
+        cherry = 3
+except Exception:
+    pass
+
+def test_pickle_dump_load(assertion, source, target=None,
+        *, protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
+    start, stop = protocol
+    if target is None:
+        target = source
+    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
+        assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), target)
+
+def test_pickle_exception(assertion, exception, obj,
+        *, protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
+    start, stop = protocol
+    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
+        with assertion(exception):
+            dumps(obj, protocol=protocol)
+
+class TestHelpers(unittest.TestCase):
+    # _is_descriptor, _is_sunder, _is_dunder
+
+    def test_is_descriptor(self):
+        class foo:
+            pass
+        for attr in ('__get__','__set__','__delete__'):
+            obj = foo()
+            self.assertFalse(enum._is_descriptor(obj))
+            setattr(obj, attr, 1)
+            self.assertTrue(enum._is_descriptor(obj))
+
+    def test_is_sunder(self):
+        for s in ('_a_', '_aa_'):
+            self.assertTrue(enum._is_sunder(s))
+
+        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '__a__', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
+                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
+            self.assertFalse(enum._is_sunder(s))
+
+    def test_is_dunder(self):
+        for s in ('__a__', '__aa__'):
+            self.assertTrue(enum._is_dunder(s))
+        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '_a_', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
+                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
+            self.assertFalse(enum._is_dunder(s))
+
+
+class TestEnum(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+        self.Season = Season
+
+        class Konstants(float, Enum):
+            E = 2.7182818
+            PI = 3.1415926
+            TAU = 2 * PI
+        self.Konstants = Konstants
+
+        class Grades(IntEnum):
+            A = 5
+            B = 4
+            C = 3
+            D = 2
+            F = 0
+        self.Grades = Grades
+
+        class Directional(str, Enum):
+            EAST = 'east'
+            WEST = 'west'
+            NORTH = 'north'
+            SOUTH = 'south'
+        self.Directional = Directional
+
+        from datetime import date
+        class Holiday(date, Enum):
+            NEW_YEAR = 2013, 1, 1
+            IDES_OF_MARCH = 2013, 3, 15
+        self.Holiday = Holiday
+
+    def test_dir_on_class(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(dir(Season)),
+            set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__',
+                'SPRING', 'SUMMER', 'AUTUMN', 'WINTER']),
+            )
+
+    def test_dir_on_item(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(dir(Season.WINTER)),
+            set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value']),
+            )
+
+    def test_dir_with_added_behavior(self):
+        class Test(Enum):
+            this = 'that'
+            these = 'those'
+            def wowser(self):
+                return ("Wowser! I'm %s!" % self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                set(dir(Test)),
+                set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__', 'this', 'these']),
+                )
+        self.assertEqual(
+                set(dir(Test.this)),
+                set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value', 'wowser']),
+                )
+
+    def test_enum_in_enum_out(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertIs(Season(Season.WINTER), Season.WINTER)
+
+    def test_enum_value(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
+
+    def test_intenum_value(self):
+        self.assertEqual(IntStooges.CURLY.value, 2)
+
+    def test_enum(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        lst = list(Season)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Season))
+        self.assertEqual(len(Season), 4, Season)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER], lst)
+
+        for i, season in enumerate('SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER'.split(), 1):
+            e = Season(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, getattr(Season, season))
+            self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, season)
+            self.assertIn(e, Season)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), Season)
+            self.assertIsInstance(e, Season)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Season.' + season)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    repr(e),
+                    '<Season.{0}: {1}>'.format(season, i),
+                    )
+
+    def test_value_name(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.name, 'SPRING')
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            Season.SPRING.name = 'invierno'
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            Season.SPRING.value = 2
+
+    def test_changing_member(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            Season.WINTER = 'really cold'
+
+    def test_attribute_deletion(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+
+            def spam(cls):
+                pass
+
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
+        del Season.spam
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            del Season.SPRING
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            del Season.DRY
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            del Season.SPRING.name
+
+    def test_invalid_names(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                mro = 9
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _create_= 11
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _get_mixins_ = 9
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _find_new_ = 1
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _any_name_ = 9
+
+    def test_contains(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertIn(Season.AUTUMN, Season)
+        self.assertNotIn(3, Season)
+
+        val = Season(3)
+        self.assertIn(val, Season)
+
+        class OtherEnum(Enum):
+            one = 1; two = 2
+        self.assertNotIn(OtherEnum.two, Season)
+
+    def test_comparisons(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Season.SPRING < Season.WINTER
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Season.SPRING > 4
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, 1)
+
+        class Part(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            CLIP = 2
+            BARREL = 3
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, Part.SPRING)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Season.SPRING < Part.CLIP
+
+    def test_enum_duplicates(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = FALL = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+            ANOTHER_SPRING = 1
+        lst = list(Season)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            lst,
+            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER,
+             Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER,
+            ])
+        self.assertIs(Season.FALL, Season.AUTUMN)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.value, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.AUTUMN.value, 3)
+        self.assertIs(Season(3), Season.AUTUMN)
+        self.assertIs(Season(1), Season.SPRING)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.name, 'AUTUMN')
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [k for k,v in Season.__members__.items() if v.name != k],
+                ['FALL', 'ANOTHER_SPRING'],
+                )
+
+    def test_duplicate_name(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class Color(Enum):
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+                red = 4
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class Color(Enum):
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+                def red(self):
+                    return 'red'
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class Color(Enum):
+                @property
+                def red(self):
+                    return 'redder'
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+
+
+    def test_enum_with_value_name(self):
+        class Huh(Enum):
+            name = 1
+            value = 2
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(Huh),
+            [Huh.name, Huh.value],
+            )
+        self.assertIs(type(Huh.name), Huh)
+        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name')
+        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1)
+
+    def test_format_enum(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual('{}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                         '{}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+        self.assertEqual( '{:}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                          '{:}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+        self.assertEqual('{:20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                         '{:20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+        self.assertEqual('{:^20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                         '{:^20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+        self.assertEqual('{:>20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                         '{:>20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+        self.assertEqual('{:<20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                         '{:<20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+
+    def test_format_enum_custom(self):
+        class TestFloat(float, Enum):
+            one = 1.0
+            two = 2.0
+            def __format__(self, spec):
+                return 'TestFloat success!'
+        self.assertEqual('{}'.format(TestFloat.one), 'TestFloat success!')
+
+    def assertFormatIsValue(self, spec, member):
+        self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(member.value))
+
+    def test_format_enum_date(self):
+        Holiday = self.Holiday
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:^20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:>20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:<20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:%Y %m}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:%Y %m %M:00}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+
+    def test_format_enum_float(self):
+        Konstants = self.Konstants
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:20}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:^20}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:>20}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:<20}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:n}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:5.2}', Konstants.TAU)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:f}', Konstants.TAU)
+
+    def test_format_enum_int(self):
+        Grades = self.Grades
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:20}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:^20}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:>20}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:<20}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:+}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:08X}', Grades.C)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:b}', Grades.C)
+
+    def test_format_enum_str(self):
+        Directional = self.Directional
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{}', Directional.WEST)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:}', Directional.WEST)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:20}', Directional.WEST)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:^20}', Directional.WEST)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:>20}', Directional.WEST)
+        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:<20}', Directional.WEST)
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        dates = {}
+        dates[Season.WINTER] = '1225'
+        dates[Season.SPRING] = '0315'
+        dates[Season.SUMMER] = '0704'
+        dates[Season.AUTUMN] = '1031'
+        self.assertEqual(dates[Season.AUTUMN], '1031')
+
+    def test_intenum_from_scratch(self):
+        class phy(int, Enum):
+            pi = 3
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_intenum_inherited(self):
+        class IntEnum(int, Enum):
+            pass
+        class phy(IntEnum):
+            pi = 3
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_floatenum_from_scratch(self):
+        class phy(float, Enum):
+            pi = 3.1415926
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_floatenum_inherited(self):
+        class FloatEnum(float, Enum):
+            pass
+        class phy(FloatEnum):
+            pi = 3.1415926
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_strenum_from_scratch(self):
+        class phy(str, Enum):
+            pi = 'Pi'
+            tau = 'Tau'
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_strenum_inherited(self):
+        class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+            pass
+        class phy(StrEnum):
+            pi = 'Pi'
+            tau = 'Tau'
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+
+    def test_intenum(self):
+        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
+            SUNDAY = 1
+            MONDAY = 2
+            TUESDAY = 3
+            WEDNESDAY = 4
+            THURSDAY = 5
+            FRIDAY = 6
+            SATURDAY = 7
+
+        self.assertEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'][WeekDay.MONDAY], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual([i for i in range(WeekDay.TUESDAY)], [0, 1, 2])
+
+        lst = list(WeekDay)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(WeekDay))
+        self.assertEqual(len(WeekDay), 7)
+        target = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
+        target = target.split()
+        for i, weekday in enumerate(target, 1):
+            e = WeekDay(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e), i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, weekday)
+            self.assertIn(e, WeekDay)
+            self.assertEqual(lst.index(e)+1, i)
+            self.assertTrue(0 < e < 8)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), WeekDay)
+            self.assertIsInstance(e, int)
+            self.assertIsInstance(e, Enum)
+
+    def test_intenum_duplicates(self):
+        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
+            SUNDAY = 1
+            MONDAY = 2
+            TUESDAY = TEUSDAY = 3
+            WEDNESDAY = 4
+            THURSDAY = 5
+            FRIDAY = 6
+            SATURDAY = 7
+        self.assertIs(WeekDay.TEUSDAY, WeekDay.TUESDAY)
+        self.assertEqual(WeekDay(3).name, 'TUESDAY')
+        self.assertEqual([k for k,v in WeekDay.__members__.items()
+                if v.name != k], ['TEUSDAY', ])
+
+    def test_pickle_enum(self):
+        if isinstance(Stooges, Exception):
+            raise Stooges
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Stooges.CURLY)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Stooges)
+
+    def test_pickle_int(self):
+        if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception):
+            raise IntStooges
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntStooges.CURLY)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntStooges)
+
+    def test_pickle_float(self):
+        if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception):
+            raise FloatStooges
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FloatStooges.CURLY)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FloatStooges)
+
+    def test_pickle_enum_function(self):
+        if isinstance(Answer, Exception):
+            raise Answer
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Answer.him)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Answer)
+
+    def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self):
+        if isinstance(Question, Exception):
+            raise Question
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Question.who)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Question)
+
+    def test_enum_function_with_qualname(self):
+        if isinstance(Theory, Exception):
+            raise Theory
+        self.assertEqual(Theory.__qualname__, 'spanish_inquisition')
+
+    def test_class_nested_enum_and_pickle_protocol_four(self):
+        # would normally just have this directly in the class namespace
+        class NestedEnum(Enum):
+            twigs = 'common'
+            shiny = 'rare'
+
+        self.__class__.NestedEnum = NestedEnum
+        self.NestedEnum.__qualname__ = '%s.NestedEnum' % self.__class__.__name__
+        test_pickle_exception(
+                self.assertRaises, PicklingError, self.NestedEnum.twigs,
+                protocol=(0, 3))
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, self.NestedEnum.twigs,
+                protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
+
+    def test_exploding_pickle(self):
+        BadPickle = Enum(
+                'BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter', module=__name__)
+        globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle
+        # now break BadPickle to test exception raising
+        enum._make_class_unpicklable(BadPickle)
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, BadPickle.dill)
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, BadPickle)
+
+    def test_string_enum(self):
+        class SkillLevel(str, Enum):
+            master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?'
+            journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?'
+            apprentice = 'knock, knock!'
+        self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!')
+
+    def test_getattr_getitem(self):
+        class Period(Enum):
+            morning = 1
+            noon = 2
+            evening = 3
+            night = 4
+        self.assertIs(Period(2), Period.noon)
+        self.assertIs(getattr(Period, 'night'), Period.night)
+        self.assertIs(Period['morning'], Period.morning)
+
+    def test_getattr_dunder(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__eq__'))
+
+    def test_iteration_order(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SUMMER = 2
+            WINTER = 4
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            SPRING = 1
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(Season),
+                [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING],
+                )
+
+    def test_reversed_iteration_order(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(reversed(self.Season)),
+                [self.Season.WINTER, self.Season.AUTUMN, self.Season.SUMMER,
+                 self.Season.SPRING]
+                )
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'])
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                (('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                OrderedDict((('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3)))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass(self):
+        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_subclassing(self):
+        if isinstance(Name, Exception):
+            raise Name
+        self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum')
+        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum'))
+        self.assertIs(Name.BDFL, getattr(Name, 'BDFL'))
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Name.BDFL)
+
+    def test_extending(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class MoreColor(Color):
+                cyan = 4
+                magenta = 5
+                yellow = 6
+
+    def test_exclude_methods(self):
+        class whatever(Enum):
+            this = 'that'
+            these = 'those'
+            def really(self):
+                return 'no, not %s' % self.value
+        self.assertIsNot(type(whatever.really), whatever)
+        self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that')
+
+    def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class Wrong(Enum, str):
+                NotHere = 'error before this point'
+
+    def test_intenum_transitivity(self):
+        class number(IntEnum):
+            one = 1
+            two = 2
+            three = 3
+        class numero(IntEnum):
+            uno = 1
+            dos = 2
+            tres = 3
+        self.assertEqual(number.one, numero.uno)
+        self.assertEqual(number.two, numero.dos)
+        self.assertEqual(number.three, numero.tres)
+
+    def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self):
+        class Monochrome(Enum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(Enum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)
+
+    def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self):
+        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(Enum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)
+
+    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self):
+        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(IntEnum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertIs(Monochrome(Gender.female), Monochrome.white)
+
+    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self):
+        class Monochrome(Enum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(IntEnum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertIs(Monochrome(Gender.male), Monochrome.black)
+
+    def test_flufl_enum(self):
+        class Fluflnum(Enum):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self.value)
+        class MailManOptions(Fluflnum):
+            option1 = 1
+            option2 = 2
+            option3 = 3
+        self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1)
+
+    def test_introspection(self):
+        class Number(IntEnum):
+            one = 100
+            two = 200
+        self.assertIs(Number.one._member_type_, int)
+        self.assertIs(Number._member_type_, int)
+        class String(str, Enum):
+            yarn = 'soft'
+            rope = 'rough'
+            wire = 'hard'
+        self.assertIs(String.yarn._member_type_, str)
+        self.assertIs(String._member_type_, str)
+        class Plain(Enum):
+            vanilla = 'white'
+            one = 1
+        self.assertIs(Plain.vanilla._member_type_, object)
+        self.assertIs(Plain._member_type_, object)
+
+    def test_no_such_enum_member(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Color(4)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            Color['chartreuse']
+
+    def test_new_repr(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name
+        self.assertEqual(
+                repr(Color.blue),
+                "don't you just love shades of blue?",
+                )
+
+    def test_inherited_repr(self):
+        class MyEnum(Enum):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "My name is %s." % self.name
+        class MyIntEnum(int, MyEnum):
+            this = 1
+            that = 2
+            theother = 3
+        self.assertEqual(repr(MyIntEnum.that), "My name is that.")
+
+    def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self):
+        class auto_enum(type(Enum)):
+            def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict):
+                temp = type(classdict)()
+                names = set(classdict._member_names)
+                i = 0
+                for k in classdict._member_names:
+                    v = classdict[k]
+                    if v is Ellipsis:
+                        v = i
+                    else:
+                        i = v
+                    i += 1
+                    temp[k] = v
+                for k, v in classdict.items():
+                    if k not in names:
+                        temp[k] = v
+                return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__(
+                        metacls, cls, bases, temp)
+
+        class AutoNumberedEnum(Enum, metaclass=auto_enum):
+            pass
+
+        class AutoIntEnum(IntEnum, metaclass=auto_enum):
+            pass
+
+        class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum):
+            a = ...
+            b = 3
+            c = ...
+
+        class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum):
+            a = ...
+            b = 3
+            c = ...
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __getnewargs__(self):
+                return self._args
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs_ex(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return self._args, {}
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5, protocol=(4, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y, protocol=(4, 4))
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_reduce(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __reduce__(self):
+                return self.__class__, self._args
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_reduce_ex(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+                return self.__class__, self._args
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)
+
+    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, NEI.x)
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, NEI)
+
+    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support_using_name(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+                return getattr, (self.__class__, self._name_)
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)
+
+    def test_tuple_subclass(self):
+        class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'SomeTuple'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            first = (1, 'for the money')
+            second = (2, 'for the show')
+            third = (3, 'for the music')
+        self.assertIs(type(SomeTuple.first), SomeTuple)
+        self.assertIsInstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple)
+        self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music'))
+        globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, SomeTuple.first)
+
+    def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self):
+        class AutoNumber(Enum):
+            first = ()
+            second = ()
+            third = ()
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self._value_)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(AutoNumber),
+                [AutoNumber.first, AutoNumber.second, AutoNumber.third],
+                )
+        self.assertEqual(int(AutoNumber.second), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(AutoNumber.third.value, 3)
+        self.assertIs(AutoNumber(1), AutoNumber.first)
+
+    def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self):
+        class AutoNumber(Enum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self._value_)
+        class Color(AutoNumber):
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
+        self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self):
+        class AutoNumber(IntEnum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+        class Color(AutoNumber):
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
+        self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_equality(self):
+        class AlwaysEqual:
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return True
+        class OrdinaryEnum(Enum):
+            a = 1
+        self.assertEqual(AlwaysEqual(), OrdinaryEnum.a)
+        self.assertEqual(OrdinaryEnum.a, AlwaysEqual())
+
+    def test_ordered_mixin(self):
+        class OrderedEnum(Enum):
+            def __ge__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ >= other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __gt__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ > other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __le__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ <= other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ < other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+        class Grade(OrderedEnum):
+            A = 5
+            B = 4
+            C = 3
+            D = 2
+            F = 1
+        self.assertGreater(Grade.A, Grade.B)
+        self.assertLessEqual(Grade.F, Grade.C)
+        self.assertLess(Grade.D, Grade.A)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(Grade.B, Grade.B)
+        self.assertEqual(Grade.B, Grade.B)
+        self.assertNotEqual(Grade.C, Grade.D)
+
+    def test_extending2(self):
+        class Shade(Enum):
+            def shade(self):
+                print(self.name)
+        class Color(Shade):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class MoreColor(Color):
+                cyan = 4
+                magenta = 5
+                yellow = 6
+
+    def test_extending3(self):
+        class Shade(Enum):
+            def shade(self):
+                return self.name
+        class Color(Shade):
+            def hex(self):
+                return '%s hexlified!' % self.value
+        class MoreColor(Color):
+            cyan = 4
+            magenta = 5
+            yellow = 6
+        self.assertEqual(MoreColor.magenta.hex(), '5 hexlified!')
+
+
+    def test_no_duplicates(self):
+        class UniqueEnum(Enum):
+            def __init__(self, *args):
+                cls = self.__class__
+                if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls):
+                    a = self.name
+                    e = cls(self.value).name
+                    raise ValueError(
+                            "aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum:  %r --> %r"
+                            % (a, e)
+                            )
+        class Color(UniqueEnum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Color(UniqueEnum):
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+                grene = 2
+
+    def test_init(self):
+        class Planet(Enum):
+            MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
+            VENUS   = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
+            EARTH   = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)
+            MARS    = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)
+            JUPITER = (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7)
+            SATURN  = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)
+            URANUS  = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)
+            NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
+            def __init__(self, mass, radius):
+                self.mass = mass       # in kilograms
+                self.radius = radius   # in meters
+            @property
+            def surface_gravity(self):
+                # universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
+                G = 6.67300E-11
+                return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)
+        self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80)
+        self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6))
+
+    def test_nonhash_value(self):
+        class AutoNumberInAList(Enum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = [len(cls.__members__) + 1]
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+        class ColorInAList(AutoNumberInAList):
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(list(ColorInAList), [ColorInAList.red, ColorInAList.green, ColorInAList.blue])
+        for enum, value in zip(ColorInAList, range(3)):
+            value += 1
+            self.assertEqual(enum.value, [value])
+            self.assertIs(ColorInAList([value]), enum)
+
+    def test_conflicting_types_resolved_in_new(self):
+        class LabelledIntEnum(int, Enum):
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                value, label = args
+                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+                obj.label = label
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+
+        class LabelledList(LabelledIntEnum):
+            unprocessed = (1, "Unprocessed")
+            payment_complete = (2, "Payment Complete")
+
+        self.assertEqual(list(LabelledList), [LabelledList.unprocessed, LabelledList.payment_complete])
+        self.assertEqual(LabelledList.unprocessed, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(LabelledList(1), LabelledList.unprocessed)
+
+
+class TestUnique(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_unique_clean(self):
+        @unique
+        class Clean(Enum):
+            one = 1
+            two = 'dos'
+            tres = 4.0
+        @unique
+        class Cleaner(IntEnum):
+            single = 1
+            double = 2
+            triple = 3
+
+    def test_unique_dirty(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'tres.*one'):
+            @unique
+            class Dirty(Enum):
+                one = 1
+                two = 'dos'
+                tres = 1
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                ValueError,
+                'double.*single.*turkey.*triple',
+                ):
+            @unique
+            class Dirtier(IntEnum):
+                single = 1
+                double = 1
+                triple = 3
+                turkey = 3
+
+
+expected_help_output = """
+Help on class Color in module %s:
+
+class Color(enum.Enum)
+ |  Method resolution order:
+ |      Color
+ |      enum.Enum
+ |      builtins.object
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  Data and other attributes defined here:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  blue = <Color.blue: 3>
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  green = <Color.green: 2>
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  red = <Color.red: 1>
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ |  Data descriptors inherited from enum.Enum:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  name
+ |      The name of the Enum member.
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  value
+ |      The value of the Enum member.
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ |  Data descriptors inherited from enum.EnumMeta:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  __members__
+ |      Returns a mapping of member name->value.
+ |\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20
+ |      This mapping lists all enum members, including aliases. Note that this
+ |      is a read-only view of the internal mapping.
+""".strip()
+
+class TestStdLib(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    class Color(Enum):
+        red = 1
+        green = 2
+        blue = 3
+
+    def test_pydoc(self):
+        # indirectly test __objclass__
+        expected_text = expected_help_output % __name__
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        helper(self.Color)
+        result = output.getvalue().strip()
+        if result != expected_text:
+            print_diffs(expected_text, result)
+            self.fail("outputs are not equal, see diff above")
+
+    def test_inspect_getmembers(self):
+        values = dict((
+                ('__class__', EnumMeta),
+                ('__doc__', None),
+                ('__members__', self.Color.__members__),
+                ('__module__', __name__),
+                ('blue', self.Color.blue),
+                ('green', self.Color.green),
+                ('name', Enum.__dict__['name']),
+                ('red', self.Color.red),
+                ('value', Enum.__dict__['value']),
+                ))
+        result = dict(inspect.getmembers(self.Color))
+        self.assertEqual(values.keys(), result.keys())
+        failed = False
+        for k in values.keys():
+            if result[k] != values[k]:
+                print()
+                print('\n%s\n     key: %s\n  result: %s\nexpected: %s\n%s\n' %
+                        ('=' * 75, k, result[k], values[k], '=' * 75), sep='')
+                failed = True
+        if failed:
+            self.fail("result does not equal expected, see print above")
+
+    def test_inspect_classify_class_attrs(self):
+        # indirectly test __objclass__
+        from inspect import Attribute
+        values = [
+                Attribute(name='__class__', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=object, object=EnumMeta),
+                Attribute(name='__doc__', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=self.Color, object=None),
+                Attribute(name='__members__', kind='property',
+                    defining_class=EnumMeta, object=EnumMeta.__members__),
+                Attribute(name='__module__', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=self.Color, object=__name__),
+                Attribute(name='blue', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=self.Color, object=self.Color.blue),
+                Attribute(name='green', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=self.Color, object=self.Color.green),
+                Attribute(name='red', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=self.Color, object=self.Color.red),
+                Attribute(name='name', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=Enum, object=Enum.__dict__['name']),
+                Attribute(name='value', kind='data',
+                    defining_class=Enum, object=Enum.__dict__['value']),
+                ]
+        values.sort(key=lambda item: item.name)
+        result = list(inspect.classify_class_attrs(self.Color))
+        result.sort(key=lambda item: item.name)
+        failed = False
+        for v, r in zip(values, result):
+            if r != v:
+                print('\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n' % ('=' * 75, r, v, '=' * 75), sep='')
+                failed = True
+        if failed:
+            self.fail("result does not equal expected, see print above")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_enumerate.py b/Lib/test/test_enumerate.py
index 4af217b733..8742afcea8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_enumerate.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_enumerate.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import unittest
+import operator
 import sys
 import pickle
 
@@ -168,15 +169,12 @@ class TestReversed(unittest.TestCase, PickleTest):
         x = range(1)
         self.assertEqual(type(reversed(x)), type(iter(x)))
 
-    @support.cpython_only
     def test_len(self):
-        # This is an implementation detail, not an interface requirement
-        from test.test_iterlen import len
         for s in ('hello', tuple('hello'), list('hello'), range(5)):
-            self.assertEqual(len(reversed(s)), len(s))
+            self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(reversed(s)), len(s))
             r = reversed(s)
             list(r)
-            self.assertEqual(len(r), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(r), 0)
         class SeqWithWeirdLen:
             called = False
             def __len__(self):
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@ class TestReversed(unittest.TestCase, PickleTest):
             def __getitem__(self, index):
                 return index
         r = reversed(SeqWithWeirdLen())
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, len, r)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, operator.length_hint, r)
 
 
     def test_gc(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_epoll.py b/Lib/test/test_epoll.py
index 871efb2d31..0c88cc424c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_epoll.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_epoll.py
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
 """
 Tests for epoll wrapper.
 """
-import socket
 import errno
-import time
+import os
 import select
+import socket
+import time
 import unittest
 
 from test import support
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ if not hasattr(select, "epoll"):
 
 try:
     select.epoll()
-except IOError as e:
+except OSError as e:
     if e.errno == errno.ENOSYS:
         raise unittest.SkipTest("kernel doesn't support epoll()")
     raise
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ class TestEPoll(unittest.TestCase):
         client.setblocking(False)
         try:
             client.connect(('127.0.0.1', self.serverSocket.getsockname()[1]))
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             self.assertEqual(e.args[0], errno.EINPROGRESS)
         else:
             raise AssertionError("Connect should have raised EINPROGRESS")
@@ -86,6 +87,13 @@ class TestEPoll(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, select.epoll, ['foo'])
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, select.epoll, {})
 
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        with select.epoll(16) as ep:
+            self.assertGreater(ep.fileno(), 0)
+            self.assertFalse(ep.closed)
+        self.assertTrue(ep.closed)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ep.fileno)
+
     def test_add(self):
         server, client = self._connected_pair()
 
@@ -114,12 +122,12 @@ class TestEPoll(unittest.TestCase):
             # ValueError: file descriptor cannot be a negative integer (-1)
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, ep.register, -1,
                 select.EPOLLIN | select.EPOLLOUT)
-            # IOError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, ep.register, 10000,
+            # OSError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ep.register, 10000,
                 select.EPOLLIN | select.EPOLLOUT)
             # registering twice also raises an exception
             ep.register(server, select.EPOLLIN | select.EPOLLOUT)
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, ep.register, server,
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ep.register, server,
                 select.EPOLLIN | select.EPOLLOUT)
         finally:
             ep.close()
@@ -141,7 +149,7 @@ class TestEPoll(unittest.TestCase):
         ep.close()
         try:
             ep2.poll(1, 4)
-        except IOError as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             self.assertEqual(e.args[0], errno.EBADF, e)
         else:
             self.fail("epoll on closed fd didn't raise EBADF")
@@ -217,6 +225,35 @@ class TestEPoll(unittest.TestCase):
         server.close()
         ep.unregister(fd)
 
+    def test_close(self):
+        open_file = open(__file__, "rb")
+        self.addCleanup(open_file.close)
+        fd = open_file.fileno()
+        epoll = select.epoll()
+
+        # test fileno() method and closed attribute
+        self.assertIsInstance(epoll.fileno(), int)
+        self.assertFalse(epoll.closed)
+
+        # test close()
+        epoll.close()
+        self.assertTrue(epoll.closed)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, epoll.fileno)
+
+        # close() can be called more than once
+        epoll.close()
+
+        # operations must fail with ValueError("I/O operation on closed ...")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, epoll.modify, fd, select.EPOLLIN)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, epoll.poll, 1.0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, epoll.register, fd, select.EPOLLIN)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, epoll.unregister, fd)
+
+    def test_fd_non_inheritable(self):
+        epoll = select.epoll()
+        self.addCleanup(epoll.close)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(epoll.fileno()), False)
+
 
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(TestEPoll)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
index 8d11d90abb..62a2e324b1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import weakref
 import errno
 
 from test.support import (TESTFN, captured_output, check_impl_detail,
-                          check_warnings, cpython_only, gc_collect,
-                          no_tracing, run_unittest, unlink)
+                          check_warnings, cpython_only, gc_collect, run_unittest,
+                          no_tracing, unlink)
 
 class NaiveException(Exception):
     def __init__(self, x):
@@ -257,22 +257,22 @@ class ExceptionTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 {'args' : ('foo', 1)}),
             (SystemExit, ('foo',),
                 {'args' : ('foo',), 'code' : 'foo'}),
-            (IOError, ('foo',),
+            (OSError, ('foo',),
                 {'args' : ('foo',), 'filename' : None,
                  'errno' : None, 'strerror' : None}),
-            (IOError, ('foo', 'bar'),
+            (OSError, ('foo', 'bar'),
                 {'args' : ('foo', 'bar'), 'filename' : None,
                  'errno' : 'foo', 'strerror' : 'bar'}),
-            (IOError, ('foo', 'bar', 'baz'),
+            (OSError, ('foo', 'bar', 'baz'),
                 {'args' : ('foo', 'bar'), 'filename' : 'baz',
                  'errno' : 'foo', 'strerror' : 'bar'}),
-            (IOError, ('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'quux'),
-                {'args' : ('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'quux')}),
-            (EnvironmentError, ('errnoStr', 'strErrorStr', 'filenameStr'),
+            (OSError, ('foo', 'bar', 'baz', None, 'quux'),
+                {'args' : ('foo', 'bar'), 'filename' : 'baz', 'filename2': 'quux'}),
+            (OSError, ('errnoStr', 'strErrorStr', 'filenameStr'),
                 {'args' : ('errnoStr', 'strErrorStr'),
                  'strerror' : 'strErrorStr', 'errno' : 'errnoStr',
                  'filename' : 'filenameStr'}),
-            (EnvironmentError, (1, 'strErrorStr', 'filenameStr'),
+            (OSError, (1, 'strErrorStr', 'filenameStr'),
                 {'args' : (1, 'strErrorStr'), 'errno' : 1,
                  'strerror' : 'strErrorStr', 'filename' : 'filenameStr'}),
             (SyntaxError, (), {'msg' : None, 'text' : None,
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ class ExceptionTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(e.__context__)
         self.assertIsNone(e.__cause__)
 
-        class MyException(EnvironmentError):
+        class MyException(OSError):
             pass
 
         e = MyException()
@@ -968,8 +968,5 @@ class ImportErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(str(arg), str(exc))
 
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(ExceptionTests, ImportErrorTests)
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py b/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py
index 770e70c77d..ebd99edc8f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_faulthandler.py
@@ -19,18 +19,6 @@ except ImportError:
 
 TIMEOUT = 0.5
 
-try:
-    from resource import setrlimit, RLIMIT_CORE, error as resource_error
-except ImportError:
-    prepare_subprocess = None
-else:
-    def prepare_subprocess():
-        # don't create core file
-        try:
-            setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, (0, 0))
-        except (ValueError, resource_error):
-            pass
-
 def expected_traceback(lineno1, lineno2, header, min_count=1):
     regex = header
     regex += '  File "<string>", line %s in func\n' % lineno1
@@ -59,10 +47,8 @@ class FaultHandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
         build, and replace "Current thread 0x00007f8d8fbd9700" by "Current
         thread XXX".
         """
-        options = {}
-        if prepare_subprocess:
-            options['preexec_fn'] = prepare_subprocess
-        process = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', code, **options)
+        with support.SuppressCrashReport():
+            process = script_helper.spawn_python('-c', code)
         stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
         exitcode = process.wait()
         output = support.strip_python_stderr(stdout)
@@ -86,9 +72,9 @@ class FaultHandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
         Raise an error if the output doesn't match the expected format.
         """
         if all_threads:
-            header = 'Current thread XXX'
+            header = 'Current thread XXX (most recent call first)'
         else:
-            header = 'Traceback (most recent call first)'
+            header = 'Stack (most recent call first)'
         regex = """
 ^Fatal Python error: {name}
 
@@ -101,8 +87,7 @@ class FaultHandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             header=re.escape(header))
         if other_regex:
             regex += '|' + other_regex
-        with support.suppress_crash_popup():
-            output, exitcode = self.get_output(code, filename)
+        output, exitcode = self.get_output(code, filename)
         output = '\n'.join(output)
         self.assertRegex(output, regex)
         self.assertNotEqual(exitcode, 0)
@@ -232,8 +217,7 @@ faulthandler.disable()
 faulthandler._sigsegv()
 """.strip()
         not_expected = 'Fatal Python error'
-        with support.suppress_crash_popup():
-            stderr, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
+        stderr, exitcode = self.get_output(code)
         stder = '\n'.join(stderr)
         self.assertTrue(not_expected not in stderr,
                      "%r is present in %r" % (not_expected, stderr))
@@ -264,16 +248,34 @@ faulthandler._sigsegv()
     def test_disabled_by_default(self):
         # By default, the module should be disabled
         code = "import faulthandler; print(faulthandler.is_enabled())"
-        rc, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
-        stdout = (stdout + stderr).strip()
-        self.assertEqual(stdout, b"False")
+        args = (sys.executable, '-E', '-c', code)
+        # don't use assert_python_ok() because it always enable faulthandler
+        output = subprocess.check_output(args)
+        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"False")
 
     def test_sys_xoptions(self):
         # Test python -X faulthandler
         code = "import faulthandler; print(faulthandler.is_enabled())"
-        rc, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok("-X", "faulthandler", "-c", code)
-        stdout = (stdout + stderr).strip()
-        self.assertEqual(stdout, b"True")
+        args = (sys.executable, "-E", "-X", "faulthandler", "-c", code)
+        # don't use assert_python_ok() because it always enable faulthandler
+        output = subprocess.check_output(args)
+        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"True")
+
+    def test_env_var(self):
+        # empty env var
+        code = "import faulthandler; print(faulthandler.is_enabled())"
+        args = (sys.executable, "-c", code)
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env['PYTHONFAULTHANDLER'] = ''
+        # don't use assert_python_ok() because it always enable faulthandler
+        output = subprocess.check_output(args, env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"False")
+
+        # non-empty env var
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env['PYTHONFAULTHANDLER'] = '1'
+        output = subprocess.check_output(args, env=env)
+        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b"True")
 
     def check_dump_traceback(self, filename):
         """
@@ -304,7 +306,7 @@ funcA()
         else:
             lineno = 8
         expected = [
-            'Traceback (most recent call first):',
+            'Stack (most recent call first):',
             '  File "<string>", line %s in funcB' % lineno,
             '  File "<string>", line 11 in funcA',
             '  File "<string>", line 13 in <module>'
@@ -336,7 +338,7 @@ def {func_name}():
             func_name=func_name,
         )
         expected = [
-            'Traceback (most recent call first):',
+            'Stack (most recent call first):',
             '  File "<string>", line 4 in %s' % truncated,
             '  File "<string>", line 6 in <module>'
         ]
@@ -390,13 +392,13 @@ waiter.join()
         else:
             lineno = 10
         regex = """
-^Thread 0x[0-9a-f]+:
+^Thread 0x[0-9a-f]+ \(most recent call first\):
 (?:  File ".*threading.py", line [0-9]+ in [_a-z]+
 ){{1,3}}  File "<string>", line 23 in run
   File ".*threading.py", line [0-9]+ in _bootstrap_inner
   File ".*threading.py", line [0-9]+ in _bootstrap
 
-Current thread XXX:
+Current thread XXX \(most recent call first\):
   File "<string>", line {lineno} in dump
   File "<string>", line 28 in <module>$
 """.strip()
@@ -459,7 +461,7 @@ if file is not None:
             count = loops
             if repeat:
                 count *= 2
-            header = r'Timeout \(%s\)!\nThread 0x[0-9a-f]+:\n' % timeout_str
+            header = r'Timeout \(%s\)!\nThread 0x[0-9a-f]+ \(most recent call first\):\n' % timeout_str
             regex = expected_traceback(9, 20, header, min_count=count)
             self.assertRegex(trace, regex)
         else:
@@ -561,9 +563,9 @@ sys.exit(exitcode)
         trace = '\n'.join(trace)
         if not unregister:
             if all_threads:
-                regex = 'Current thread XXX:\n'
+                regex = 'Current thread XXX \(most recent call first\):\n'
             else:
-                regex = 'Traceback \(most recent call first\):\n'
+                regex = 'Stack \(most recent call first\):\n'
             regex = expected_traceback(7, 28, regex)
             self.assertRegex(trace, regex)
         else:
@@ -590,8 +592,5 @@ sys.exit(exitcode)
         self.check_register(chain=True)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(FaultHandlerTests)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fcntl.py b/Lib/test/test_fcntl.py
index 1810c4e95e..e3b7ed20a0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fcntl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fcntl.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
 """Test program for the fcntl C module.
-
-OS/2+EMX doesn't support the file locking operations.
-
 """
 import platform
 import os
@@ -39,8 +36,6 @@ def get_lockdata():
         lockdata = struct.pack('qqihhi', 0, 0, 0, fcntl.F_WRLCK, 0, 0)
     elif sys.platform in ['aix3', 'aix4', 'hp-uxB', 'unixware7']:
         lockdata = struct.pack('hhlllii', fcntl.F_WRLCK, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-    elif sys.platform in ['os2emx']:
-        lockdata = None
     else:
         lockdata = struct.pack('hh'+start_len+'hh', fcntl.F_WRLCK, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
     if lockdata:
@@ -72,18 +67,20 @@ class TestFcntl(unittest.TestCase):
         rv = fcntl.fcntl(self.f.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NONBLOCK)
         if verbose:
             print('Status from fcntl with O_NONBLOCK: ', rv)
-        if sys.platform not in ['os2emx']:
-            rv = fcntl.fcntl(self.f.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETLKW, lockdata)
-            if verbose:
-                print('String from fcntl with F_SETLKW: ', repr(rv))
+        rv = fcntl.fcntl(self.f.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETLKW, lockdata)
+        if verbose:
+            print('String from fcntl with F_SETLKW: ', repr(rv))
         self.f.close()
 
     def test_fcntl_file_descriptor(self):
         # again, but pass the file rather than numeric descriptor
         self.f = open(TESTFN, 'wb')
         rv = fcntl.fcntl(self.f, fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NONBLOCK)
-        if sys.platform not in ['os2emx']:
-            rv = fcntl.fcntl(self.f, fcntl.F_SETLKW, lockdata)
+        if verbose:
+            print('Status from fcntl with O_NONBLOCK: ', rv)
+        rv = fcntl.fcntl(self.f, fcntl.F_SETLKW, lockdata)
+        if verbose:
+            print('String from fcntl with F_SETLKW: ', repr(rv))
         self.f.close()
 
     def test_fcntl_bad_file(self):
@@ -127,6 +124,26 @@ class TestFcntl(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             os.close(fd)
 
+    def test_flock(self):
+        # Solaris needs readable file for shared lock
+        self.f = open(TESTFN, 'wb+')
+        fileno = self.f.fileno()
+        fcntl.flock(fileno, fcntl.LOCK_SH)
+        fcntl.flock(fileno, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+        fcntl.flock(self.f, fcntl.LOCK_SH | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+        fcntl.flock(self.f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+        fcntl.flock(fileno, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
+        fcntl.flock(fileno, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, fcntl.flock, -1, fcntl.LOCK_SH)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, fcntl.flock, 'spam', fcntl.LOCK_SH)
+
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_flock_overflow(self):
+        import _testcapi
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, fcntl.flock, _testcapi.INT_MAX+1,
+                          fcntl.LOCK_SH)
+
 
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(TestFcntl)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_file.py b/Lib/test/test_file.py
index 76b1694e98..d54e976143 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_file.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_file.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class AutoFileTests:
         self.assertTrue(not f.closed)
 
         if hasattr(f, "readinto"):
-            self.assertRaises((IOError, TypeError), f.readinto, "")
+            self.assertRaises((OSError, TypeError), f.readinto, "")
         f.close()
         self.assertTrue(f.closed)
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class AutoFileTests:
             self.assertEqual(self.f.__exit__(*sys.exc_info()), None)
 
     def testReadWhenWriting(self):
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, self.f.read)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.f.read)
 
 class CAutoFileTests(AutoFileTests, unittest.TestCase):
     open = io.open
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class OtherFileTests:
                 d = int(f.read().decode("ascii"))
                 f.close()
                 f.close()
-            except IOError as msg:
+            except OSError as msg:
                 self.fail('error setting buffer size %d: %s' % (s, str(msg)))
             self.assertEqual(d, s)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py b/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py
index 09599794ad..c7cb3fcf36 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_filecmp.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import os, filecmp, shutil, tempfile
 import unittest
 from test import support
@@ -40,15 +39,27 @@ class FileCompareTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(filecmp.cmp(self.name, self.dir),
                     "File and directory compare as equal")
 
+    def test_cache_clear(self):
+        first_compare = filecmp.cmp(self.name, self.name_same, shallow=False)
+        second_compare = filecmp.cmp(self.name, self.name_diff, shallow=False)
+        filecmp.clear_cache()
+        self.assertTrue(len(filecmp._cache) == 0,
+                        "Cache not cleared after calling clear_cache")
+
 class DirCompareTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         tmpdir = tempfile.gettempdir()
         self.dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'dir')
         self.dir_same = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'dir-same')
         self.dir_diff = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'dir-diff')
+
+        # Another dir is created under dir_same, but it has a name from the
+        # ignored list so it should not affect testing results.
+        self.dir_ignored = os.path.join(self.dir_same, '.hg')
+
         self.caseinsensitive = os.path.normcase('A') == os.path.normcase('a')
         data = 'Contents of file go here.\n'
-        for dir in [self.dir, self.dir_same, self.dir_diff]:
+        for dir in (self.dir, self.dir_same, self.dir_diff, self.dir_ignored):
             shutil.rmtree(dir, True)
             os.mkdir(dir)
             if self.caseinsensitive and dir is self.dir_same:
@@ -64,9 +75,11 @@ class DirCompareTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         output.close()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        shutil.rmtree(self.dir)
-        shutil.rmtree(self.dir_same)
-        shutil.rmtree(self.dir_diff)
+        for dir in (self.dir, self.dir_same, self.dir_diff):
+            shutil.rmtree(dir)
+
+    def test_default_ignores(self):
+        self.assertIn('.hg', filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES)
 
     def test_cmpfiles(self):
         self.assertTrue(filecmp.cmpfiles(self.dir, self.dir, ['file']) ==
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fileinput.py b/Lib/test/test_fileinput.py
index a7624d3c3d..a537bc8c7c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fileinput.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fileinput.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ except ImportError:
 from io import StringIO
 from fileinput import FileInput, hook_encoded
 
-from test.support import verbose, TESTFN, run_unittest
+from test.support import verbose, TESTFN, run_unittest, check_warnings
 from test.support import unlink as safe_unlink
 
 
@@ -224,8 +224,10 @@ class FileInputTests(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             # try opening in universal newline mode
             t1 = writeTmp(1, [b"A\nB\r\nC\rD"], mode="wb")
-            fi = FileInput(files=t1, mode="U")
-            lines = list(fi)
+            with check_warnings(('', DeprecationWarning)):
+                fi = FileInput(files=t1, mode="U")
+            with check_warnings(('', DeprecationWarning)):
+                lines = list(fi)
             self.assertEqual(lines, ["A\n", "B\n", "C\n", "D"])
         finally:
             remove_tempfiles(t1)
@@ -293,8 +295,8 @@ class FileInputTests(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             t1 = writeTmp(1, [""])
             with FileInput(files=t1) as fi:
-                raise IOError
-        except IOError:
+                raise OSError
+        except OSError:
             self.assertEqual(fi._files, ())
         finally:
             remove_tempfiles(t1)
@@ -866,27 +868,13 @@ class Test_hook_encoded(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(lines, expected_lines)
 
         check('r', ['A\n', 'B\n', 'C\n', 'D\u20ac'])
-        check('rU', ['A\n', 'B\n', 'C\n', 'D\u20ac'])
-        check('U', ['A\n', 'B\n', 'C\n', 'D\u20ac'])
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            check('rU', ['A\n', 'B\n', 'C\n', 'D\u20ac'])
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            check('U', ['A\n', 'B\n', 'C\n', 'D\u20ac'])
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             check('rb', ['A\n', 'B\r\n', 'C\r', 'D\u20ac'])
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(
-        BufferSizesTests,
-        FileInputTests,
-        Test_fileinput_input,
-        Test_fileinput_close,
-        Test_fileinput_nextfile,
-        Test_fileinput_filename,
-        Test_fileinput_lineno,
-        Test_fileinput_filelineno,
-        Test_fileinput_fileno,
-        Test_fileinput_isfirstline,
-        Test_fileinput_isstdin,
-        Test_hook_compressed,
-        Test_hook_encoded,
-    )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fileio.py b/Lib/test/test_fileio.py
index 444be91920..c37482ed70 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fileio.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fileio.py
@@ -144,16 +144,16 @@ class AutoFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Unix calls dircheck() and returns "[Errno 21]: Is a directory"
         try:
             _FileIO('.', 'r')
-        except IOError as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             self.assertNotEqual(e.errno, 0)
             self.assertEqual(e.filename, ".")
         else:
-            self.fail("Should have raised IOError")
+            self.fail("Should have raised OSError")
 
     @unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt', "test only works on a POSIX-like system")
     def testOpenDirFD(self):
         fd = os.open('.', os.O_RDONLY)
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             _FileIO(fd, 'r')
         os.close(fd)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EISDIR)
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class AutoFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
             finally:
                 try:
                     self.f.close()
-                except IOError:
+                except OSError:
                     pass
         return wrapper
 
@@ -183,14 +183,14 @@ class AutoFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
             os.close(f.fileno())
             try:
                 func(self, f)
-            except IOError as e:
+            except OSError as e:
                 self.assertEqual(e.errno, errno.EBADF)
             else:
-                self.fail("Should have raised IOError")
+                self.fail("Should have raised OSError")
             finally:
                 try:
                     self.f.close()
-                except IOError:
+                except OSError:
                     pass
         return wrapper
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class AutoFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def ReopenForRead(self):
         try:
             self.f.close()
-        except IOError:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         self.f = _FileIO(TESTFN, 'r')
         os.close(self.f.fileno())
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class OtherFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
             if sys.platform != "win32":
                 try:
                     f = _FileIO("/dev/tty", "a")
-                except EnvironmentError:
+                except OSError:
                     # When run in a cron job there just aren't any
                     # ttys, so skip the test.  This also handles other
                     # OS'es that don't support /dev/tty.
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class OtherFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(OSError, _FileIO, make_bad_fd())
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
             import msvcrt
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, msvcrt.get_osfhandle, make_bad_fd())
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, msvcrt.get_osfhandle, make_bad_fd())
 
     @cpython_only
     def testInvalidFd_overflow(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_finalization.py b/Lib/test/test_finalization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03ac1aa274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_finalization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+"""
+Tests for object finalization semantics, as outlined in PEP 442.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import gc
+import unittest
+import weakref
+
+try:
+    from _testcapi import with_tp_del
+except ImportError:
+    def with_tp_del(cls):
+        class C(object):
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                raise TypeError('requires _testcapi.with_tp_del')
+        return C
+
+from test import support
+
+
+class NonGCSimpleBase:
+    """
+    The base class for all the objects under test, equipped with various
+    testing features.
+    """
+
+    survivors = []
+    del_calls = []
+    tp_del_calls = []
+    errors = []
+
+    _cleaning = False
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _cleanup(cls):
+        cls.survivors.clear()
+        cls.errors.clear()
+        gc.garbage.clear()
+        gc.collect()
+        cls.del_calls.clear()
+        cls.tp_del_calls.clear()
+
+    @classmethod
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def test(cls):
+        """
+        A context manager to use around all finalization tests.
+        """
+        with support.disable_gc():
+            cls.del_calls.clear()
+            cls.tp_del_calls.clear()
+            NonGCSimpleBase._cleaning = False
+            try:
+                yield
+                if cls.errors:
+                    raise cls.errors[0]
+            finally:
+                NonGCSimpleBase._cleaning = True
+                cls._cleanup()
+
+    def check_sanity(self):
+        """
+        Check the object is sane (non-broken).
+        """
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        """
+        PEP 442 finalizer.  Record that this was called, check the
+        object is in a sane state, and invoke a side effect.
+        """
+        try:
+            if not self._cleaning:
+                self.del_calls.append(id(self))
+                self.check_sanity()
+                self.side_effect()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.errors.append(e)
+
+    def side_effect(self):
+        """
+        A side effect called on destruction.
+        """
+
+
+class SimpleBase(NonGCSimpleBase):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.id_ = id(self)
+
+    def check_sanity(self):
+        assert self.id_ == id(self)
+
+
+class NonGC(NonGCSimpleBase):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+class NonGCResurrector(NonGCSimpleBase):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def side_effect(self):
+        """
+        Resurrect self by storing self in a class-wide list.
+        """
+        self.survivors.append(self)
+
+class Simple(SimpleBase):
+    pass
+
+class SimpleResurrector(NonGCResurrector, SimpleBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class TestBase:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_garbage = gc.garbage[:]
+        gc.garbage[:] = []
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # None of the tests here should put anything in gc.garbage
+        try:
+            self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, [])
+        finally:
+            del self.old_garbage
+            gc.collect()
+
+    def assert_del_calls(self, ids):
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(SimpleBase.del_calls), sorted(ids))
+
+    def assert_tp_del_calls(self, ids):
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(SimpleBase.tp_del_calls), sorted(ids))
+
+    def assert_survivors(self, ids):
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(id(x) for x in SimpleBase.survivors), sorted(ids))
+
+    def assert_garbage(self, ids):
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(id(x) for x in gc.garbage), sorted(ids))
+
+    def clear_survivors(self):
+        SimpleBase.survivors.clear()
+
+
+class SimpleFinalizationTest(TestBase, unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Test finalization without refcycles.
+    """
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = Simple()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+
+    def test_simple_resurrect(self):
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = SimpleResurrector()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors(ids)
+            self.assertIsNot(wr(), None)
+            self.clear_survivors()
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
+    def test_non_gc(self):
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = NonGC()
+            self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(s))
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+
+    def test_non_gc_resurrect(self):
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = NonGCResurrector()
+            self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(s))
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors(ids)
+            self.clear_survivors()
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids * 2)
+            self.assert_survivors(ids)
+
+
+class SelfCycleBase:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.ref = self
+
+    def check_sanity(self):
+        super().check_sanity()
+        assert self.ref is self
+
+class SimpleSelfCycle(SelfCycleBase, Simple):
+    pass
+
+class SelfCycleResurrector(SelfCycleBase, SimpleResurrector):
+    pass
+
+class SuicidalSelfCycle(SelfCycleBase, Simple):
+
+    def side_effect(self):
+        """
+        Explicitly break the reference cycle.
+        """
+        self.ref = None
+
+
+class SelfCycleFinalizationTest(TestBase, unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Test finalization of an object having a single cyclic reference to
+    itself.
+    """
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = SimpleSelfCycle()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+
+    def test_simple_resurrect(self):
+        # Test that __del__ can resurrect the object being finalized.
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = SelfCycleResurrector()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors(ids)
+            # XXX is this desirable?
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+            # When trying to destroy the object a second time, __del__
+            # isn't called anymore (and the object isn't resurrected).
+            self.clear_survivors()
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
+    def test_simple_suicide(self):
+        # Test the GC is able to deal with an object that kills its last
+        # reference during __del__.
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = SuicidalSelfCycle()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
+
+class ChainedBase:
+
+    def chain(self, left):
+        self.suicided = False
+        self.left = left
+        left.right = self
+
+    def check_sanity(self):
+        super().check_sanity()
+        if self.suicided:
+            assert self.left is None
+            assert self.right is None
+        else:
+            left = self.left
+            if left.suicided:
+                assert left.right is None
+            else:
+                assert left.right is self
+            right = self.right
+            if right.suicided:
+                assert right.left is None
+            else:
+                assert right.left is self
+
+class SimpleChained(ChainedBase, Simple):
+    pass
+
+class ChainedResurrector(ChainedBase, SimpleResurrector):
+    pass
+
+class SuicidalChained(ChainedBase, Simple):
+
+    def side_effect(self):
+        """
+        Explicitly break the reference cycle.
+        """
+        self.suicided = True
+        self.left = None
+        self.right = None
+
+
+class CycleChainFinalizationTest(TestBase, unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Test finalization of a cyclic chain.  These tests are similar in
+    spirit to the self-cycle tests above, but the collectable object
+    graph isn't trivial anymore.
+    """
+
+    def build_chain(self, classes):
+        nodes = [cls() for cls in classes]
+        for i in range(len(nodes)):
+            nodes[i].chain(nodes[i-1])
+        return nodes
+
+    def check_non_resurrecting_chain(self, classes):
+        N = len(classes)
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            nodes = self.build_chain(classes)
+            ids = [id(s) for s in nodes]
+            wrs = [weakref.ref(s) for s in nodes]
+            del nodes
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assertEqual([wr() for wr in wrs], [None] * N)
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+
+    def check_resurrecting_chain(self, classes):
+        N = len(classes)
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            nodes = self.build_chain(classes)
+            N = len(nodes)
+            ids = [id(s) for s in nodes]
+            survivor_ids = [id(s) for s in nodes if isinstance(s, SimpleResurrector)]
+            wrs = [weakref.ref(s) for s in nodes]
+            del nodes
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors(survivor_ids)
+            # XXX desirable?
+            self.assertEqual([wr() for wr in wrs], [None] * N)
+            self.clear_survivors()
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+
+    def test_homogenous(self):
+        self.check_non_resurrecting_chain([SimpleChained] * 3)
+
+    def test_homogenous_resurrect(self):
+        self.check_resurrecting_chain([ChainedResurrector] * 3)
+
+    def test_homogenous_suicidal(self):
+        self.check_non_resurrecting_chain([SuicidalChained] * 3)
+
+    def test_heterogenous_suicidal_one(self):
+        self.check_non_resurrecting_chain([SuicidalChained, SimpleChained] * 2)
+
+    def test_heterogenous_suicidal_two(self):
+        self.check_non_resurrecting_chain(
+            [SuicidalChained] * 2 + [SimpleChained] * 2)
+
+    def test_heterogenous_resurrect_one(self):
+        self.check_resurrecting_chain([ChainedResurrector, SimpleChained] * 2)
+
+    def test_heterogenous_resurrect_two(self):
+        self.check_resurrecting_chain(
+            [ChainedResurrector, SimpleChained, SuicidalChained] * 2)
+
+    def test_heterogenous_resurrect_three(self):
+        self.check_resurrecting_chain(
+            [ChainedResurrector] * 2 + [SimpleChained] * 2 + [SuicidalChained] * 2)
+
+
+# NOTE: the tp_del slot isn't automatically inherited, so we have to call
+# with_tp_del() for each instantiated class.
+
+class LegacyBase(SimpleBase):
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        try:
+            # Do not invoke side_effect here, since we are now exercising
+            # the tp_del slot.
+            if not self._cleaning:
+                self.del_calls.append(id(self))
+                self.check_sanity()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.errors.append(e)
+
+    def __tp_del__(self):
+        """
+        Legacy (pre-PEP 442) finalizer, mapped to a tp_del slot.
+        """
+        try:
+            if not self._cleaning:
+                self.tp_del_calls.append(id(self))
+                self.check_sanity()
+                self.side_effect()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.errors.append(e)
+
+@with_tp_del
+class Legacy(LegacyBase):
+    pass
+
+@with_tp_del
+class LegacyResurrector(LegacyBase):
+
+    def side_effect(self):
+        """
+        Resurrect self by storing self in a class-wide list.
+        """
+        self.survivors.append(self)
+
+@with_tp_del
+class LegacySelfCycle(SelfCycleBase, LegacyBase):
+    pass
+
+
+@support.cpython_only
+class LegacyFinalizationTest(TestBase, unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Test finalization of objects with a tp_del.
+    """
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # These tests need to clean up a bit more, since they create
+        # uncollectable objects.
+        gc.garbage.clear()
+        gc.collect()
+        super().tearDown()
+
+    def test_legacy(self):
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = Legacy()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_tp_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_tp_del_calls(ids)
+
+    def test_legacy_resurrect(self):
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = LegacyResurrector()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_tp_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_survivors(ids)
+            # weakrefs are cleared before tp_del is called.
+            self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+            self.clear_survivors()
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls(ids)
+            self.assert_tp_del_calls(ids * 2)
+            self.assert_survivors(ids)
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
+    def test_legacy_self_cycle(self):
+        # Self-cycles with legacy finalizers end up in gc.garbage.
+        with SimpleBase.test():
+            s = LegacySelfCycle()
+            ids = [id(s)]
+            wr = weakref.ref(s)
+            del s
+            gc.collect()
+            self.assert_del_calls([])
+            self.assert_tp_del_calls([])
+            self.assert_survivors([])
+            self.assert_garbage(ids)
+            self.assertIsNot(wr(), None)
+            # Break the cycle to allow collection
+            gc.garbage[0].ref = None
+        self.assert_garbage([])
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
+
+def test_main():
+    support.run_unittest(__name__)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_float.py b/Lib/test/test_float.py
index 96d907a671..e1e1f0423e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_float.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_float.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ class GeneralFloatCases(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, float, "-.")
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, float, b"-")
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, float, {})
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not 'dict'", float, {})
         # Lone surrogate
         self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, float, '\uD8F0')
         # check that we don't accept alternate exponent markers
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fork1.py b/Lib/test/test_fork1.py
index 8192c38a44..e0626dffdc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fork1.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fork1.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """This test checks for correct fork() behavior.
 """
 
-import imp
+import _imp as imp
 import os
 import signal
 import sys
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_format.py b/Lib/test/test_format.py
index ea5a731d98..fc71e4818e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_format.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_format.py
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ class FormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
         testformat("%#+027.23X", big, "+0X0001234567890ABCDEF12345")
         # same, except no 0 flag
         testformat("%#+27.23X", big, " +0X001234567890ABCDEF12345")
-        testformat("%x", float(big), "123456_______________", 6)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            testformat("%x", float(big), "123456_______________", 6)
         big = 0o12345670123456701234567012345670  # 32 octal digits
         testformat("%o", big, "12345670123456701234567012345670")
         testformat("%o", -big, "-12345670123456701234567012345670")
@@ -182,7 +183,8 @@ class FormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
         testformat("%034.33o", big, "0012345670123456701234567012345670")
         # base marker shouldn't change that
         testformat("%0#34.33o", big, "0o012345670123456701234567012345670")
-        testformat("%o", float(big), "123456__________________________", 6)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            testformat("%o", float(big), "123456__________________________", 6)
         # Some small ints, in both Python int and flavors).
         testformat("%d", 42, "42")
         testformat("%d", -42, "-42")
@@ -193,7 +195,8 @@ class FormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
         testformat("%#x", 1, "0x1")
         testformat("%#X", 1, "0X1")
         testformat("%#X", 1, "0X1")
-        testformat("%#x", 1.0, "0x1")
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            testformat("%#x", 1.0, "0x1")
         testformat("%#o", 1, "0o1")
         testformat("%#o", 1, "0o1")
         testformat("%#o", 0, "0o0")
@@ -210,12 +213,14 @@ class FormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
         testformat("%x", -0x42, "-42")
         testformat("%x", 0x42, "42")
         testformat("%x", -0x42, "-42")
-        testformat("%x", float(0x42), "42")
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            testformat("%x", float(0x42), "42")
         testformat("%o", 0o42, "42")
         testformat("%o", -0o42, "-42")
         testformat("%o", 0o42, "42")
         testformat("%o", -0o42, "-42")
-        testformat("%o", float(0o42), "42")
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            testformat("%o", float(0o42), "42")
         testformat("%r", "\u0378", "'\\u0378'")  # non printable
         testformat("%a", "\u0378", "'\\u0378'")  # non printable
         testformat("%r", "\u0374", "'\u0374'")   # printable
@@ -307,10 +312,25 @@ class FormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, oldloc)
 
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_optimisations(self):
+        text = "abcde" # 5 characters
+
+        self.assertIs("%s" % text, text)
+        self.assertIs("%.5s" % text, text)
+        self.assertIs("%.10s" % text, text)
+        self.assertIs("%1s" % text, text)
+        self.assertIs("%5s" % text, text)
 
+        self.assertIs("{0}".format(text), text)
+        self.assertIs("{0:s}".format(text), text)
+        self.assertIs("{0:.5s}".format(text), text)
+        self.assertIs("{0:.10s}".format(text), text)
+        self.assertIs("{0:1s}".format(text), text)
+        self.assertIs("{0:5s}".format(text), text)
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(FormatTest)
+        self.assertIs(text % (), text)
+        self.assertIs(text.format(), text)
 
     def test_precision(self):
         f = 1.2
@@ -318,14 +338,12 @@ def test_main():
         self.assertEqual(format(f, ".3f"), "1.200")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
             format(f, ".%sf" % (sys.maxsize + 1))
-        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "precision too big")
 
         c = complex(f)
         self.assertEqual(format(c, ".0f"), "1+0j")
         self.assertEqual(format(c, ".3f"), "1.200+0.000j")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
             format(c, ".%sf" % (sys.maxsize + 1))
-        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "precision too big")
 
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_precision_c_limits(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fractions.py b/Lib/test/test_fractions.py
index 1fad9215c0..33365322b9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fractions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fractions.py
@@ -146,9 +146,10 @@ class FractionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual((0, 1), _components(F(-0.0)))
         self.assertEqual((3602879701896397, 36028797018963968),
                          _components(F(0.1)))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, float('nan'))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, float('inf'))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, float('-inf'))
+        # bug 16469: error types should be consistent with float -> int
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, F, float('nan'))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, F, float('inf'))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, F, float('-inf'))
 
     def testInitFromDecimal(self):
         self.assertEqual((11, 10),
@@ -157,10 +158,11 @@ class FractionTest(unittest.TestCase):
                          _components(F(Decimal('3.5e-2'))))
         self.assertEqual((0, 1),
                          _components(F(Decimal('.000e20'))))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, Decimal('nan'))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, Decimal('snan'))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, Decimal('inf'))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, F, Decimal('-inf'))
+        # bug 16469: error types should be consistent with decimal -> int
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, F, Decimal('nan'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, F, Decimal('snan'))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, F, Decimal('inf'))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, F, Decimal('-inf'))
 
     def testFromString(self):
         self.assertEqual((5, 1), _components(F("5")))
@@ -248,14 +250,15 @@ class FractionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         inf = 1e1000
         nan = inf - inf
+        # bug 16469: error types should be consistent with float -> int
         self.assertRaisesMessage(
-            TypeError, "Cannot convert inf to Fraction.",
+            OverflowError, "Cannot convert inf to Fraction.",
             F.from_float, inf)
         self.assertRaisesMessage(
-            TypeError, "Cannot convert -inf to Fraction.",
+            OverflowError, "Cannot convert -inf to Fraction.",
             F.from_float, -inf)
         self.assertRaisesMessage(
-            TypeError, "Cannot convert nan to Fraction.",
+            ValueError, "Cannot convert nan to Fraction.",
             F.from_float, nan)
 
     def testFromDecimal(self):
@@ -268,17 +271,18 @@ class FractionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(1 - F(1, 10**30),
                          F.from_decimal(Decimal("0." + "9" * 30)))
 
+        # bug 16469: error types should be consistent with decimal -> int
         self.assertRaisesMessage(
-            TypeError, "Cannot convert Infinity to Fraction.",
+            OverflowError, "Cannot convert Infinity to Fraction.",
             F.from_decimal, Decimal("inf"))
         self.assertRaisesMessage(
-            TypeError, "Cannot convert -Infinity to Fraction.",
+            OverflowError, "Cannot convert -Infinity to Fraction.",
             F.from_decimal, Decimal("-inf"))
         self.assertRaisesMessage(
-            TypeError, "Cannot convert NaN to Fraction.",
+            ValueError, "Cannot convert NaN to Fraction.",
             F.from_decimal, Decimal("nan"))
         self.assertRaisesMessage(
-            TypeError, "Cannot convert sNaN to Fraction.",
+            ValueError, "Cannot convert sNaN to Fraction.",
             F.from_decimal, Decimal("snan"))
 
     def testLimitDenominator(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_frame.py b/Lib/test/test_frame.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dd5780c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_frame.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import gc
+import sys
+import unittest
+import weakref
+
+from test import support
+
+
+class ClearTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for frame.clear().
+    """
+
+    def inner(self, x=5, **kwargs):
+        1/0
+
+    def outer(self, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            self.inner(**kwargs)
+        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
+            exc = e
+        return exc
+
+    def clear_traceback_frames(self, tb):
+        """
+        Clear all frames in a traceback.
+        """
+        while tb is not None:
+            tb.tb_frame.clear()
+            tb = tb.tb_next
+
+    def test_clear_locals(self):
+        class C:
+            pass
+        c = C()
+        wr = weakref.ref(c)
+        exc = self.outer(c=c)
+        del c
+        support.gc_collect()
+        # A reference to c is held through the frames
+        self.assertIsNot(None, wr())
+        self.clear_traceback_frames(exc.__traceback__)
+        support.gc_collect()
+        # The reference was released by .clear()
+        self.assertIs(None, wr())
+
+    def test_clear_generator(self):
+        endly = False
+        def g():
+            nonlocal endly
+            try:
+                yield
+                inner()
+            finally:
+                endly = True
+        gen = g()
+        next(gen)
+        self.assertFalse(endly)
+        # Clearing the frame closes the generator
+        gen.gi_frame.clear()
+        self.assertTrue(endly)
+
+    def test_clear_executing(self):
+        # Attempting to clear an executing frame is forbidden.
+        try:
+            1/0
+        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
+            f = e.__traceback__.tb_frame
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            f.clear()
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            f.f_back.clear()
+
+    def test_clear_executing_generator(self):
+        # Attempting to clear an executing generator frame is forbidden.
+        endly = False
+        def g():
+            nonlocal endly
+            try:
+                1/0
+            except ZeroDivisionError as e:
+                f = e.__traceback__.tb_frame
+                with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+                    f.clear()
+                with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+                    f.f_back.clear()
+                yield f
+            finally:
+                endly = True
+        gen = g()
+        f = next(gen)
+        self.assertFalse(endly)
+        # Clearing the frame closes the generator
+        f.clear()
+        self.assertTrue(endly)
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_clear_refcycles(self):
+        # .clear() doesn't leave any refcycle behind
+        with support.disable_gc():
+            class C:
+                pass
+            c = C()
+            wr = weakref.ref(c)
+            exc = self.outer(c=c)
+            del c
+            self.assertIsNot(None, wr())
+            self.clear_traceback_frames(exc.__traceback__)
+            self.assertIs(None, wr())
+
+
+def test_main():
+    support.run_unittest(__name__)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_frozen.py b/Lib/test/test_frozen.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fd6761c651..0000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_frozen.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-# Test the frozen module defined in frozen.c.
-
-from test.support import captured_stdout, run_unittest
-import unittest
-import sys
-
-class FrozenTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    module_attrs = frozenset(['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__',
-                              '__loader__', '__name__',
-                              '__package__'])
-    package_attrs = frozenset(list(module_attrs) + ['__path__'])
-
-    def test_frozen(self):
-        with captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            try:
-                import __hello__
-            except ImportError as x:
-                self.fail("import __hello__ failed:" + str(x))
-            self.assertEqual(__hello__.initialized, True)
-            expect = set(self.module_attrs)
-            expect.add('initialized')
-            self.assertEqual(set(dir(__hello__)), expect)
-            self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'Hello world!\n')
-
-        with captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            try:
-                import __phello__
-            except ImportError as x:
-                self.fail("import __phello__ failed:" + str(x))
-            self.assertEqual(__phello__.initialized, True)
-            expect = set(self.package_attrs)
-            expect.add('initialized')
-            if not "__phello__.spam" in sys.modules:
-                self.assertEqual(set(dir(__phello__)), expect)
-            else:
-                expect.add('spam')
-                self.assertEqual(set(dir(__phello__)), expect)
-            self.assertEqual(__phello__.__path__, [__phello__.__name__])
-            self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'Hello world!\n')
-
-        with captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            try:
-                import __phello__.spam
-            except ImportError as x:
-                self.fail("import __phello__.spam failed:" + str(x))
-            self.assertEqual(__phello__.spam.initialized, True)
-            spam_expect = set(self.module_attrs)
-            spam_expect.add('initialized')
-            self.assertEqual(set(dir(__phello__.spam)), spam_expect)
-            phello_expect = set(self.package_attrs)
-            phello_expect.add('initialized')
-            phello_expect.add('spam')
-            self.assertEqual(set(dir(__phello__)), phello_expect)
-            self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'Hello world!\n')
-
-        try:
-            import __phello__.foo
-        except ImportError:
-            pass
-        else:
-            self.fail("import __phello__.foo should have failed")
-
-            try:
-                import __phello__.foo
-            except ImportError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                self.fail("import __phello__.foo should have failed")
-
-        del sys.modules['__hello__']
-        del sys.modules['__phello__']
-        del sys.modules['__phello__.spam']
-
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(FrozenTests)
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py b/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py
index 6c95c491ff..a9bf30b3d5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py
@@ -15,12 +15,16 @@ try:
     import ssl
 except ImportError:
     ssl = None
+    HAS_SNI = False
+else:
+    from ssl import HAS_SNI
 
 from unittest import TestCase, skipUnless
 from test import support
 from test.support import HOST, HOSTv6
 threading = support.import_module('threading')
 
+TIMEOUT = 3
 # the dummy data returned by server over the data channel when
 # RETR, LIST, NLST, MLSD commands are issued
 RETR_DATA = 'abcde12345\r\n' * 1000
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ class DummyFTPHandler(asynchat.async_chat):
         addr = list(map(int, arg.split(',')))
         ip = '%d.%d.%d.%d' %tuple(addr[:4])
         port = (addr[4] * 256) + addr[5]
-        s = socket.create_connection((ip, port), timeout=2)
+        s = socket.create_connection((ip, port), timeout=TIMEOUT)
         self.dtp = self.dtp_handler(s, baseclass=self)
         self.push('200 active data connection established')
 
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ class DummyFTPHandler(asynchat.async_chat):
         with socket.socket() as sock:
             sock.bind((self.socket.getsockname()[0], 0))
             sock.listen(5)
-            sock.settimeout(10)
+            sock.settimeout(TIMEOUT)
             ip, port = sock.getsockname()[:2]
             ip = ip.replace('.', ','); p1 = port / 256; p2 = port % 256
             self.push('227 entering passive mode (%s,%d,%d)' %(ip, p1, p2))
@@ -144,7 +148,7 @@ class DummyFTPHandler(asynchat.async_chat):
     def cmd_eprt(self, arg):
         af, ip, port = arg.split(arg[0])[1:-1]
         port = int(port)
-        s = socket.create_connection((ip, port), timeout=2)
+        s = socket.create_connection((ip, port), timeout=TIMEOUT)
         self.dtp = self.dtp_handler(s, baseclass=self)
         self.push('200 active data connection established')
 
@@ -152,7 +156,7 @@ class DummyFTPHandler(asynchat.async_chat):
         with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6) as sock:
             sock.bind((self.socket.getsockname()[0], 0))
             sock.listen(5)
-            sock.settimeout(10)
+            sock.settimeout(TIMEOUT)
             port = sock.getsockname()[1]
             self.push('229 entering extended passive mode (|||%d|)' %port)
             conn, addr = sock.accept()
@@ -300,7 +304,8 @@ class DummyFTPServer(asyncore.dispatcher, threading.Thread):
 
 if ssl is not None:
 
-    CERTFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "keycert.pem")
+    CERTFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "keycert3.pem")
+    CAFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "pycacert.pem")
 
     class SSLConnection(asyncore.dispatcher):
         """An asyncore.dispatcher subclass supporting TLS/SSL."""
@@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ if ssl is not None:
                 elif err.args[0] == ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF:
                     return self.handle_close()
                 raise
-            except socket.error as err:
+            except OSError as err:
                 if err.args[0] == errno.ECONNABORTED:
                     return self.handle_close()
             else:
@@ -341,7 +346,7 @@ if ssl is not None:
                 if err.args[0] in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ,
                                    ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE):
                     return
-            except socket.error as err:
+            except OSError as err:
                 # Any "socket error" corresponds to a SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL return
                 # from OpenSSL's SSL_shutdown(), corresponding to a
                 # closed socket condition. See also:
@@ -460,7 +465,7 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.server = DummyFTPServer((HOST, 0))
         self.server.start()
-        self.client = ftplib.FTP(timeout=2)
+        self.client = ftplib.FTP(timeout=TIMEOUT)
         self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -488,7 +493,7 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
 
     def test_all_errors(self):
         exceptions = (ftplib.error_reply, ftplib.error_temp, ftplib.error_perm,
-                      ftplib.error_proto, ftplib.Error, IOError, EOFError)
+                      ftplib.error_proto, ftplib.Error, OSError, EOFError)
         for x in exceptions:
             try:
                 raise x('exception not included in all_errors set')
@@ -678,7 +683,7 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
 
     def test_makepasv(self):
         host, port = self.client.makepasv()
-        conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), 10)
+        conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=TIMEOUT)
         conn.close()
         # IPv4 is in use, just make sure send_epsv has not been used
         self.assertEqual(self.server.handler_instance.last_received_cmd, 'pasv')
@@ -691,12 +696,12 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
                 return False
             try:
                 self.client.sendcmd('noop')
-            except (socket.error, EOFError):
+            except (OSError, EOFError):
                 return False
             return True
 
         # base test
-        with ftplib.FTP(timeout=2) as self.client:
+        with ftplib.FTP(timeout=TIMEOUT) as self.client:
             self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
             self.client.sendcmd('noop')
             self.assertTrue(is_client_connected())
@@ -704,7 +709,7 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(is_client_connected())
 
         # QUIT sent inside the with block
-        with ftplib.FTP(timeout=2) as self.client:
+        with ftplib.FTP(timeout=TIMEOUT) as self.client:
             self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
             self.client.sendcmd('noop')
             self.client.quit()
@@ -714,7 +719,7 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
         # force a wrong response code to be sent on QUIT: error_perm
         # is expected and the connection is supposed to be closed
         try:
-            with ftplib.FTP(timeout=2) as self.client:
+            with ftplib.FTP(timeout=TIMEOUT) as self.client:
                 self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
                 self.client.sendcmd('noop')
                 self.server.handler_instance.next_response = '550 error on quit'
@@ -736,7 +741,7 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
                                 source_address=(HOST, port))
             self.assertEqual(self.client.sock.getsockname()[1], port)
             self.client.quit()
-        except IOError as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             if e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                 self.skipTest("couldn't bind to port %d" % port)
             raise
@@ -747,7 +752,7 @@ class TestFTPClass(TestCase):
         try:
             with self.client.transfercmd('list') as sock:
                 self.assertEqual(sock.getsockname()[1], port)
-        except IOError as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             if e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                 self.skipTest("couldn't bind to port %d" % port)
             raise
@@ -785,7 +790,7 @@ class TestIPv6Environment(TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.server = DummyFTPServer((HOSTv6, 0), af=socket.AF_INET6)
         self.server.start()
-        self.client = ftplib.FTP()
+        self.client = ftplib.FTP(timeout=TIMEOUT)
         self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -802,7 +807,7 @@ class TestIPv6Environment(TestCase):
 
     def test_makepasv(self):
         host, port = self.client.makepasv()
-        conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), 10)
+        conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=TIMEOUT)
         conn.close()
         self.assertEqual(self.server.handler_instance.last_received_cmd, 'epsv')
 
@@ -829,7 +834,7 @@ class TestTLS_FTPClassMixin(TestFTPClass):
     def setUp(self):
         self.server = DummyTLS_FTPServer((HOST, 0))
         self.server.start()
-        self.client = ftplib.FTP_TLS(timeout=2)
+        self.client = ftplib.FTP_TLS(timeout=TIMEOUT)
         self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
         # enable TLS
         self.client.auth()
@@ -843,7 +848,7 @@ class TestTLS_FTPClass(TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.server = DummyTLS_FTPServer((HOST, 0))
         self.server.start()
-        self.client = ftplib.FTP_TLS(timeout=2)
+        self.client = ftplib.FTP_TLS(timeout=TIMEOUT)
         self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -903,7 +908,7 @@ class TestTLS_FTPClass(TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, ftplib.FTP_TLS, certfile=CERTFILE,
                           keyfile=CERTFILE, context=ctx)
 
-        self.client = ftplib.FTP_TLS(context=ctx, timeout=2)
+        self.client = ftplib.FTP_TLS(context=ctx, timeout=TIMEOUT)
         self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
         self.assertNotIsInstance(self.client.sock, ssl.SSLSocket)
         self.client.auth()
@@ -922,6 +927,37 @@ class TestTLS_FTPClass(TestCase):
         self.client.ccc()
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.client.sock.unwrap)
 
+    @skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    def test_check_hostname(self):
+        self.client.quit()
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        ctx.check_hostname = True
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(CAFILE)
+        self.client = ftplib.FTP_TLS(context=ctx, timeout=TIMEOUT)
+
+        # 127.0.0.1 doesn't match SAN
+        self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
+        with self.assertRaises(ssl.CertificateError):
+            self.client.auth()
+        # exception quits connection
+
+        self.client.connect(self.server.host, self.server.port)
+        self.client.prot_p()
+        with self.assertRaises(ssl.CertificateError):
+            with self.client.transfercmd("list") as sock:
+                pass
+        self.client.quit()
+
+        self.client.connect("localhost", self.server.port)
+        self.client.auth()
+        self.client.quit()
+
+        self.client.connect("localhost", self.server.port)
+        self.client.prot_p()
+        with self.client.transfercmd("list") as sock:
+            pass
+
 
 class TestTimeouts(TestCase):
 
@@ -1017,8 +1053,19 @@ class TestTimeouts(TestCase):
         ftp.close()
 
 
+class TestNetrcDeprecation(TestCase):
+
+    def test_deprecation(self):
+        with support.temp_cwd(), support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
+            env['HOME'] = os.getcwd()
+            open('.netrc', 'w').close()
+            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+                ftplib.Netrc()
+
+
+
 def test_main():
-    tests = [TestFTPClass, TestTimeouts,
+    tests = [TestFTPClass, TestTimeouts, TestNetrcDeprecation,
              TestIPv6Environment,
              TestTLS_FTPClassMixin, TestTLS_FTPClass]
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py b/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py
index c8ed83020e..5094f7ba1f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_funcattrs.py
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ def global_function():
     def inner_function():
         class LocalClass:
             pass
+        global inner_global_function
+        def inner_global_function():
+            def inner_function2():
+                pass
+            return inner_function2
         return LocalClass
     return lambda: inner_function
 
@@ -116,6 +121,8 @@ class FunctionPropertiesTest(FuncAttrsTest):
                          'global_function.<locals>.inner_function')
         self.assertEqual(global_function()()().__qualname__,
                          'global_function.<locals>.inner_function.<locals>.LocalClass')
+        self.assertEqual(inner_global_function.__qualname__, 'inner_global_function')
+        self.assertEqual(inner_global_function().__qualname__, 'inner_global_function.<locals>.inner_function2')
         self.b.__qualname__ = 'c'
         self.assertEqual(self.b.__qualname__, 'c')
         self.b.__qualname__ = 'd'
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_functools.py b/Lib/test/test_functools.py
index d1ce2a9c8e..75ae7f3a15 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_functools.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_functools.py
@@ -1,66 +1,52 @@
-import functools
+import abc
 import collections
+from itertools import permutations
+import pickle
+from random import choice
 import sys
-import unittest
 from test import support
+import unittest
 from weakref import proxy
-import pickle
-from random import choice
 
-@staticmethod
-def PythonPartial(func, *args, **keywords):
-    'Pure Python approximation of partial()'
-    def newfunc(*fargs, **fkeywords):
-        newkeywords = keywords.copy()
-        newkeywords.update(fkeywords)
-        return func(*(args + fargs), **newkeywords)
-    newfunc.func = func
-    newfunc.args = args
-    newfunc.keywords = keywords
-    return newfunc
+import functools
+
+py_functools = support.import_fresh_module('functools', blocked=['_functools'])
+c_functools = support.import_fresh_module('functools', fresh=['_functools'])
+
+decimal = support.import_fresh_module('decimal', fresh=['_decimal'])
+
 
 def capture(*args, **kw):
     """capture all positional and keyword arguments"""
     return args, kw
 
+
 def signature(part):
     """ return the signature of a partial object """
     return (part.func, part.args, part.keywords, part.__dict__)
 
-class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    thetype = functools.partial
+class TestPartial:
 
     def test_basic_examples(self):
-        p = self.thetype(capture, 1, 2, a=10, b=20)
+        p = self.partial(capture, 1, 2, a=10, b=20)
+        self.assertTrue(callable(p))
         self.assertEqual(p(3, 4, b=30, c=40),
                          ((1, 2, 3, 4), dict(a=10, b=30, c=40)))
-        p = self.thetype(map, lambda x: x*10)
+        p = self.partial(map, lambda x: x*10)
         self.assertEqual(list(p([1,2,3,4])), [10, 20, 30, 40])
 
     def test_attributes(self):
-        p = self.thetype(capture, 1, 2, a=10, b=20)
+        p = self.partial(capture, 1, 2, a=10, b=20)
         # attributes should be readable
         self.assertEqual(p.func, capture)
         self.assertEqual(p.args, (1, 2))
         self.assertEqual(p.keywords, dict(a=10, b=20))
-        # attributes should not be writable
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, p, 'func', map)
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, p, 'args', (1, 2))
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, p, 'keywords', dict(a=1, b=2))
-
-        p = self.thetype(hex)
-        try:
-            del p.__dict__
-        except TypeError:
-            pass
-        else:
-            self.fail('partial object allowed __dict__ to be deleted')
 
     def test_argument_checking(self):
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.thetype)     # need at least a func arg
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.partial)     # need at least a func arg
         try:
-            self.thetype(2)()
+            self.partial(2)()
         except TypeError:
             pass
         else:
@@ -71,7 +57,7 @@ class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
         def func(a=10, b=20):
             return a
         d = {'a':3}
-        p = self.thetype(func, a=5)
+        p = self.partial(func, a=5)
         self.assertEqual(p(**d), 3)
         self.assertEqual(d, {'a':3})
         p(b=7)
@@ -80,20 +66,20 @@ class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_arg_combinations(self):
         # exercise special code paths for zero args in either partial
         # object or the caller
-        p = self.thetype(capture)
+        p = self.partial(capture)
         self.assertEqual(p(), ((), {}))
         self.assertEqual(p(1,2), ((1,2), {}))
-        p = self.thetype(capture, 1, 2)
+        p = self.partial(capture, 1, 2)
         self.assertEqual(p(), ((1,2), {}))
         self.assertEqual(p(3,4), ((1,2,3,4), {}))
 
     def test_kw_combinations(self):
         # exercise special code paths for no keyword args in
         # either the partial object or the caller
-        p = self.thetype(capture)
+        p = self.partial(capture)
         self.assertEqual(p(), ((), {}))
         self.assertEqual(p(a=1), ((), {'a':1}))
-        p = self.thetype(capture, a=1)
+        p = self.partial(capture, a=1)
         self.assertEqual(p(), ((), {'a':1}))
         self.assertEqual(p(b=2), ((), {'a':1, 'b':2}))
         # keyword args in the call override those in the partial object
@@ -102,7 +88,7 @@ class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_positional(self):
         # make sure positional arguments are captured correctly
         for args in [(), (0,), (0,1), (0,1,2), (0,1,2,3)]:
-            p = self.thetype(capture, *args)
+            p = self.partial(capture, *args)
             expected = args + ('x',)
             got, empty = p('x')
             self.assertTrue(expected == got and empty == {})
@@ -110,14 +96,14 @@ class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_keyword(self):
         # make sure keyword arguments are captured correctly
         for a in ['a', 0, None, 3.5]:
-            p = self.thetype(capture, a=a)
+            p = self.partial(capture, a=a)
             expected = {'a':a,'x':None}
             empty, got = p(x=None)
             self.assertTrue(expected == got and empty == ())
 
     def test_no_side_effects(self):
         # make sure there are no side effects that affect subsequent calls
-        p = self.thetype(capture, 0, a=1)
+        p = self.partial(capture, 0, a=1)
         args1, kw1 = p(1, b=2)
         self.assertTrue(args1 == (0,1) and kw1 == {'a':1,'b':2})
         args2, kw2 = p()
@@ -126,13 +112,13 @@ class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_error_propagation(self):
         def f(x, y):
             x / y
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.thetype(f, 1, 0))
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.thetype(f, 1), 0)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.thetype(f), 1, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.thetype(f, y=0), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f, 1, 0))
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f, 1), 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f), 1, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.partial(f, y=0), 1)
 
     def test_weakref(self):
-        f = self.thetype(int, base=16)
+        f = self.partial(int, base=16)
         p = proxy(f)
         self.assertEqual(f.func, p.func)
         f = None
@@ -140,39 +126,61 @@ class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_with_bound_and_unbound_methods(self):
         data = list(map(str, range(10)))
-        join = self.thetype(str.join, '')
+        join = self.partial(str.join, '')
         self.assertEqual(join(data), '0123456789')
-        join = self.thetype(''.join)
+        join = self.partial(''.join)
         self.assertEqual(join(data), '0123456789')
 
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(c_functools, 'requires the C _functools module')
+class TestPartialC(TestPartial, unittest.TestCase):
+    if c_functools:
+        partial = c_functools.partial
+
+    def test_attributes_unwritable(self):
+        # attributes should not be writable
+        p = self.partial(capture, 1, 2, a=10, b=20)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, p, 'func', map)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, p, 'args', (1, 2))
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, p, 'keywords', dict(a=1, b=2))
+
+        p = self.partial(hex)
+        try:
+            del p.__dict__
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail('partial object allowed __dict__ to be deleted')
+
     def test_repr(self):
         args = (object(), object())
         args_repr = ', '.join(repr(a) for a in args)
-        kwargs = {'a': object(), 'b': object()}
+        #kwargs = {'a': object(), 'b': object()}
+        kwargs = {'a': object()}
         kwargs_repr = ', '.join("%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items())
-        if self.thetype is functools.partial:
+        if self.partial is c_functools.partial:
             name = 'functools.partial'
         else:
-            name = self.thetype.__name__
+            name = self.partial.__name__
 
-        f = self.thetype(capture)
+        f = self.partial(capture)
         self.assertEqual('{}({!r})'.format(name, capture),
                          repr(f))
 
-        f = self.thetype(capture, *args)
+        f = self.partial(capture, *args)
         self.assertEqual('{}({!r}, {})'.format(name, capture, args_repr),
                          repr(f))
 
-        f = self.thetype(capture, **kwargs)
+        f = self.partial(capture, **kwargs)
         self.assertEqual('{}({!r}, {})'.format(name, capture, kwargs_repr),
                          repr(f))
 
-        f = self.thetype(capture, *args, **kwargs)
+        f = self.partial(capture, *args, **kwargs)
         self.assertEqual('{}({!r}, {}, {})'.format(name, capture, args_repr, kwargs_repr),
                          repr(f))
 
     def test_pickle(self):
-        f = self.thetype(signature, 'asdf', bar=True)
+        f = self.partial(signature, 'asdf', bar=True)
         f.add_something_to__dict__ = True
         f_copy = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(f))
         self.assertEqual(signature(f), signature(f_copy))
@@ -191,30 +199,140 @@ class TestPartial(unittest.TestCase):
                     return {}
                 raise IndexError
 
-        f = self.thetype(object)
+        f = self.partial(object)
         self.assertRaisesRegex(SystemError,
                 "new style getargs format but argument is not a tuple",
                 f.__setstate__, BadSequence())
 
-class PartialSubclass(functools.partial):
-    pass
 
-class TestPartialSubclass(TestPartial):
+class TestPartialPy(TestPartial, unittest.TestCase):
+    partial = staticmethod(py_functools.partial)
+
+
+if c_functools:
+    class PartialSubclass(c_functools.partial):
+        pass
 
-    thetype = PartialSubclass
 
-class TestPythonPartial(TestPartial):
+@unittest.skipUnless(c_functools, 'requires the C _functools module')
+class TestPartialCSubclass(TestPartialC):
+    if c_functools:
+        partial = PartialSubclass
 
-    thetype = PythonPartial
 
-    # the python version hasn't a nice repr
-    test_repr = None
+class TestPartialMethod(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    # the python version isn't picklable
-    test_pickle = test_setstate_refcount = None
+    class A(object):
+        nothing = functools.partialmethod(capture)
+        positional = functools.partialmethod(capture, 1)
+        keywords = functools.partialmethod(capture, a=2)
+        both = functools.partialmethod(capture, 3, b=4)
+
+        nested = functools.partialmethod(positional, 5)
+
+        over_partial = functools.partialmethod(functools.partial(capture, c=6), 7)
+
+        static = functools.partialmethod(staticmethod(capture), 8)
+        cls = functools.partialmethod(classmethod(capture), d=9)
+
+    a = A()
+
+    def test_arg_combinations(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nothing(), ((self.a,), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nothing(5), ((self.a, 5), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nothing(c=6), ((self.a,), {'c': 6}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nothing(5, c=6), ((self.a, 5), {'c': 6}))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.positional(), ((self.a, 1), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.positional(5), ((self.a, 1, 5), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.positional(c=6), ((self.a, 1), {'c': 6}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.positional(5, c=6), ((self.a, 1, 5), {'c': 6}))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.keywords(), ((self.a,), {'a': 2}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.keywords(5), ((self.a, 5), {'a': 2}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.keywords(c=6), ((self.a,), {'a': 2, 'c': 6}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.keywords(5, c=6), ((self.a, 5), {'a': 2, 'c': 6}))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.both(), ((self.a, 3), {'b': 4}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.both(5), ((self.a, 3, 5), {'b': 4}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.both(c=6), ((self.a, 3), {'b': 4, 'c': 6}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.both(5, c=6), ((self.a, 3, 5), {'b': 4, 'c': 6}))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.A.both(self.a, 5, c=6), ((self.a, 3, 5), {'b': 4, 'c': 6}))
+
+    def test_nested(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nested(), ((self.a, 1, 5), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nested(6), ((self.a, 1, 5, 6), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nested(d=7), ((self.a, 1, 5), {'d': 7}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.nested(6, d=7), ((self.a, 1, 5, 6), {'d': 7}))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.A.nested(self.a, 6, d=7), ((self.a, 1, 5, 6), {'d': 7}))
+
+    def test_over_partial(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.over_partial(), ((self.a, 7), {'c': 6}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.over_partial(5), ((self.a, 7, 5), {'c': 6}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.over_partial(d=8), ((self.a, 7), {'c': 6, 'd': 8}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.over_partial(5, d=8), ((self.a, 7, 5), {'c': 6, 'd': 8}))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.A.over_partial(self.a, 5, d=8), ((self.a, 7, 5), {'c': 6, 'd': 8}))
+
+    def test_bound_method_introspection(self):
+        obj = self.a
+        self.assertIs(obj.both.__self__, obj)
+        self.assertIs(obj.nested.__self__, obj)
+        self.assertIs(obj.over_partial.__self__, obj)
+        self.assertIs(obj.cls.__self__, self.A)
+        self.assertIs(self.A.cls.__self__, self.A)
+
+    def test_unbound_method_retrieval(self):
+        obj = self.A
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(obj.both, "__self__"))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(obj.nested, "__self__"))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(obj.over_partial, "__self__"))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(obj.static, "__self__"))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(self.a.static, "__self__"))
+
+    def test_descriptors(self):
+        for obj in [self.A, self.a]:
+            with self.subTest(obj=obj):
+                self.assertEqual(obj.static(), ((8,), {}))
+                self.assertEqual(obj.static(5), ((8, 5), {}))
+                self.assertEqual(obj.static(d=8), ((8,), {'d': 8}))
+                self.assertEqual(obj.static(5, d=8), ((8, 5), {'d': 8}))
+
+                self.assertEqual(obj.cls(), ((self.A,), {'d': 9}))
+                self.assertEqual(obj.cls(5), ((self.A, 5), {'d': 9}))
+                self.assertEqual(obj.cls(c=8), ((self.A,), {'c': 8, 'd': 9}))
+                self.assertEqual(obj.cls(5, c=8), ((self.A, 5), {'c': 8, 'd': 9}))
+
+    def test_overriding_keywords(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.a.keywords(a=3), ((self.a,), {'a': 3}))
+        self.assertEqual(self.A.keywords(self.a, a=3), ((self.a,), {'a': 3}))
+
+    def test_invalid_args(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class B(object):
+                method = functools.partialmethod(None, 1)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        self.assertEqual(repr(vars(self.A)['both']),
+                         'functools.partialmethod({}, 3, b=4)'.format(capture))
+
+    def test_abstract(self):
+        class Abstract(abc.ABCMeta):
+
+            @abc.abstractmethod
+            def add(self, x, y):
+                pass
+
+            add5 = functools.partialmethod(add, 5)
+
+        self.assertTrue(Abstract.add.__isabstractmethod__)
+        self.assertTrue(Abstract.add5.__isabstractmethod__)
+
+        for func in [self.A.static, self.A.cls, self.A.over_partial, self.A.nested, self.A.both]:
+            self.assertFalse(getattr(func, '__isabstractmethod__', False))
 
-    # the python version isn't a type
-    test_attributes = None
 
 class TestUpdateWrapper(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -223,19 +341,26 @@ class TestUpdateWrapper(unittest.TestCase):
                       updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
         # Check attributes were assigned
         for name in assigned:
-            self.assertTrue(getattr(wrapper, name) is getattr(wrapped, name))
+            self.assertIs(getattr(wrapper, name), getattr(wrapped, name))
         # Check attributes were updated
         for name in updated:
             wrapper_attr = getattr(wrapper, name)
             wrapped_attr = getattr(wrapped, name)
             for key in wrapped_attr:
-                self.assertTrue(wrapped_attr[key] is wrapper_attr[key])
+                if name == "__dict__" and key == "__wrapped__":
+                    # __wrapped__ is overwritten by the update code
+                    continue
+                self.assertIs(wrapped_attr[key], wrapper_attr[key])
+        # Check __wrapped__
+        self.assertIs(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapped)
+
 
     def _default_update(self):
         def f(a:'This is a new annotation'):
             """This is a test"""
             pass
         f.attr = 'This is also a test'
+        f.__wrapped__ = "This is a bald faced lie"
         def wrapper(b:'This is the prior annotation'):
             pass
         functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, f)
@@ -322,6 +447,7 @@ class TestUpdateWrapper(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(wrapper.__doc__.startswith('max('))
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.__annotations__, {})
 
+
 class TestWraps(TestUpdateWrapper):
 
     def _default_update(self):
@@ -329,14 +455,15 @@ class TestWraps(TestUpdateWrapper):
             """This is a test"""
             pass
         f.attr = 'This is also a test'
+        f.__wrapped__ = "This is still a bald faced lie"
         @functools.wraps(f)
         def wrapper():
             pass
-        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f)
         return wrapper, f
 
     def test_default_update(self):
         wrapper, f = self._default_update()
+        self.check_wrapper(wrapper, f)
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.__name__, 'f')
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.__qualname__, f.__qualname__)
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.attr, 'This is also a test')
@@ -382,6 +509,7 @@ class TestWraps(TestUpdateWrapper):
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.attr, 'This is a different test')
         self.assertEqual(wrapper.dict_attr, f.dict_attr)
 
+
 class TestReduce(unittest.TestCase):
     func = functools.reduce
 
@@ -462,24 +590,29 @@ class TestReduce(unittest.TestCase):
         d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
         self.assertEqual(self.func(add, d), "".join(d.keys()))
 
-class TestCmpToKey(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class TestCmpToKey:
 
     def test_cmp_to_key(self):
         def cmp1(x, y):
             return (x > y) - (x < y)
-        key = functools.cmp_to_key(cmp1)
+        key = self.cmp_to_key(cmp1)
         self.assertEqual(key(3), key(3))
         self.assertGreater(key(3), key(1))
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(key(3), key(3))
+
         def cmp2(x, y):
             return int(x) - int(y)
-        key = functools.cmp_to_key(cmp2)
+        key = self.cmp_to_key(cmp2)
         self.assertEqual(key(4.0), key('4'))
         self.assertLess(key(2), key('35'))
+        self.assertLessEqual(key(2), key('35'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(key(2), key('35'))
 
     def test_cmp_to_key_arguments(self):
         def cmp1(x, y):
             return (x > y) - (x < y)
-        key = functools.cmp_to_key(mycmp=cmp1)
+        key = self.cmp_to_key(mycmp=cmp1)
         self.assertEqual(key(obj=3), key(obj=3))
         self.assertGreater(key(obj=3), key(obj=1))
         with self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError)):
@@ -487,10 +620,10 @@ class TestCmpToKey(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError)):
             1 < key(3)    # lhs is not a K object
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            key = functools.cmp_to_key()             # too few args
+            key = self.cmp_to_key()             # too few args
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            key = functools.cmp_to_key(cmp1, None)   # too many args
-        key = functools.cmp_to_key(cmp1)
+            key = self.cmp_to_key(cmp1, None)   # too many args
+        key = self.cmp_to_key(cmp1)
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             key()                                    # too few args
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@@ -499,7 +632,7 @@ class TestCmpToKey(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_bad_cmp(self):
         def cmp1(x, y):
             raise ZeroDivisionError
-        key = functools.cmp_to_key(cmp1)
+        key = self.cmp_to_key(cmp1)
         with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
             key(3) > key(1)
 
@@ -514,13 +647,13 @@ class TestCmpToKey(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_obj_field(self):
         def cmp1(x, y):
             return (x > y) - (x < y)
-        key = functools.cmp_to_key(mycmp=cmp1)
+        key = self.cmp_to_key(mycmp=cmp1)
         self.assertEqual(key(50).obj, 50)
 
     def test_sort_int(self):
         def mycmp(x, y):
             return y - x
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(range(5), key=functools.cmp_to_key(mycmp)),
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(range(5), key=self.cmp_to_key(mycmp)),
                          [4, 3, 2, 1, 0])
 
     def test_sort_int_str(self):
@@ -528,18 +661,29 @@ class TestCmpToKey(unittest.TestCase):
             x, y = int(x), int(y)
             return (x > y) - (x < y)
         values = [5, '3', 7, 2, '0', '1', 4, '10', 1]
-        values = sorted(values, key=functools.cmp_to_key(mycmp))
+        values = sorted(values, key=self.cmp_to_key(mycmp))
         self.assertEqual([int(value) for value in values],
                          [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10])
 
     def test_hash(self):
         def mycmp(x, y):
             return y - x
-        key = functools.cmp_to_key(mycmp)
+        key = self.cmp_to_key(mycmp)
         k = key(10)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, k)
         self.assertNotIsInstance(k, collections.Hashable)
 
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(c_functools, 'requires the C _functools module')
+class TestCmpToKeyC(TestCmpToKey, unittest.TestCase):
+    if c_functools:
+        cmp_to_key = c_functools.cmp_to_key
+
+
+class TestCmpToKeyPy(TestCmpToKey, unittest.TestCase):
+    cmp_to_key = staticmethod(py_functools.cmp_to_key)
+
+
 class TestTotalOrdering(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_total_ordering_lt(self):
@@ -557,6 +701,7 @@ class TestTotalOrdering(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))
+        self.assertFalse(A(1) > A(2))
 
     def test_total_ordering_le(self):
         @functools.total_ordering
@@ -573,6 +718,7 @@ class TestTotalOrdering(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))
+        self.assertFalse(A(1) >= A(2))
 
     def test_total_ordering_gt(self):
         @functools.total_ordering
@@ -589,6 +735,7 @@ class TestTotalOrdering(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))
+        self.assertFalse(A(2) < A(1))
 
     def test_total_ordering_ge(self):
         @functools.total_ordering
@@ -605,6 +752,7 @@ class TestTotalOrdering(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(1))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) <= A(2))
         self.assertTrue(A(2) >= A(2))
+        self.assertFalse(A(2) <= A(1))
 
     def test_total_ordering_no_overwrite(self):
         # new methods should not overwrite existing
@@ -624,27 +772,118 @@ class TestTotalOrdering(unittest.TestCase):
             class A:
                 pass
 
-    def test_bug_10042(self):
+    def test_type_error_when_not_implemented(self):
+        # bug 10042; ensure stack overflow does not occur
+        # when decorated types return NotImplemented
         @functools.total_ordering
-        class TestTO:
+        class ImplementsLessThan:
             def __init__(self, value):
                 self.value = value
             def __eq__(self, other):
-                if isinstance(other, TestTO):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsLessThan):
                     return self.value == other.value
                 return False
             def __lt__(self, other):
-                if isinstance(other, TestTO):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsLessThan):
                     return self.value < other.value
-                raise TypeError
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            TestTO(8) <= ()
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        @functools.total_ordering
+        class ImplementsGreaterThan:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsGreaterThan):
+                    return self.value == other.value
+                return False
+            def __gt__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsGreaterThan):
+                    return self.value > other.value
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        @functools.total_ordering
+        class ImplementsLessThanEqualTo:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsLessThanEqualTo):
+                    return self.value == other.value
+                return False
+            def __le__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsLessThanEqualTo):
+                    return self.value <= other.value
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        @functools.total_ordering
+        class ImplementsGreaterThanEqualTo:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsGreaterThanEqualTo):
+                    return self.value == other.value
+                return False
+            def __ge__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, ImplementsGreaterThanEqualTo):
+                    return self.value >= other.value
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        @functools.total_ordering
+        class ComparatorNotImplemented:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, ComparatorNotImplemented):
+                    return self.value == other.value
+                return False
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        with self.subTest("LT < 1"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsLessThan(-1) < 1
+
+        with self.subTest("LT < LE"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsLessThan(0) < ImplementsLessThanEqualTo(0)
+
+        with self.subTest("LT < GT"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsLessThan(1) < ImplementsGreaterThan(1)
+
+        with self.subTest("LE <= LT"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsLessThanEqualTo(2) <= ImplementsLessThan(2)
+
+        with self.subTest("LE <= GE"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsLessThanEqualTo(3) <= ImplementsGreaterThanEqualTo(3)
+
+        with self.subTest("GT > GE"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsGreaterThan(4) > ImplementsGreaterThanEqualTo(4)
+
+        with self.subTest("GT > LT"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsGreaterThan(5) > ImplementsLessThan(5)
+
+        with self.subTest("GE >= GT"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsGreaterThanEqualTo(6) >= ImplementsGreaterThan(6)
+
+        with self.subTest("GE >= LE"), self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ImplementsGreaterThanEqualTo(7) >= ImplementsLessThanEqualTo(7)
+
+        with self.subTest("GE when equal"):
+            a = ComparatorNotImplemented(8)
+            b = ComparatorNotImplemented(8)
+            self.assertEqual(a, b)
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                a >= b
+
+        with self.subTest("LE when equal"):
+            a = ComparatorNotImplemented(9)
+            b = ComparatorNotImplemented(9)
+            self.assertEqual(a, b)
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                a <= b
 
 class TestLRU(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_lru(self):
         def orig(x, y):
-            return 3*x+y
+            return 3 * x + y
         f = functools.lru_cache(maxsize=20)(orig)
         hits, misses, maxsize, currsize = f.cache_info()
         self.assertEqual(maxsize, 20)
@@ -749,7 +988,7 @@ class TestLRU(unittest.TestCase):
         # Verify that user_function exceptions get passed through without
         # creating a hard-to-read chained exception.
         # http://bugs.python.org/issue13177
-        for maxsize in (None, 100):
+        for maxsize in (None, 128):
             @functools.lru_cache(maxsize)
             def func(i):
                 return 'abc'[i]
@@ -762,7 +1001,7 @@ class TestLRU(unittest.TestCase):
                 func(15)
 
     def test_lru_with_types(self):
-        for maxsize in (None, 100):
+        for maxsize in (None, 128):
             @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=maxsize, typed=True)
             def square(x):
                 return x * x
@@ -777,6 +1016,36 @@ class TestLRU(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(square.cache_info().hits, 4)
             self.assertEqual(square.cache_info().misses, 4)
 
+    def test_lru_with_keyword_args(self):
+        @functools.lru_cache()
+        def fib(n):
+            if n < 2:
+                return n
+            return fib(n=n-1) + fib(n=n-2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [fib(n=number) for number in range(16)],
+            [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(fib.cache_info(),
+            functools._CacheInfo(hits=28, misses=16, maxsize=128, currsize=16))
+        fib.cache_clear()
+        self.assertEqual(fib.cache_info(),
+            functools._CacheInfo(hits=0, misses=0, maxsize=128, currsize=0))
+
+    def test_lru_with_keyword_args_maxsize_none(self):
+        @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+        def fib(n):
+            if n < 2:
+                return n
+            return fib(n=n-1) + fib(n=n-2)
+        self.assertEqual([fib(n=number) for number in range(16)],
+            [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610])
+        self.assertEqual(fib.cache_info(),
+            functools._CacheInfo(hits=28, misses=16, maxsize=None, currsize=16))
+        fib.cache_clear()
+        self.assertEqual(fib.cache_info(),
+            functools._CacheInfo(hits=0, misses=0, maxsize=None, currsize=0))
+
     def test_need_for_rlock(self):
         # This will deadlock on an LRU cache that uses a regular lock
 
@@ -802,17 +1071,495 @@ class TestLRU(unittest.TestCase):
                          DoubleEq(2))               # Verify the correct return value
 
 
+class TestSingleDispatch(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_simple_overloads(self):
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(obj):
+            return "base"
+        def g_int(i):
+            return "integer"
+        g.register(int, g_int)
+        self.assertEqual(g("str"), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(1), "integer")
+        self.assertEqual(g([1,2,3]), "base")
+
+    def test_mro(self):
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(obj):
+            return "base"
+        class A:
+            pass
+        class C(A):
+            pass
+        class B(A):
+            pass
+        class D(C, B):
+            pass
+        def g_A(a):
+            return "A"
+        def g_B(b):
+            return "B"
+        g.register(A, g_A)
+        g.register(B, g_B)
+        self.assertEqual(g(A()), "A")
+        self.assertEqual(g(B()), "B")
+        self.assertEqual(g(C()), "A")
+        self.assertEqual(g(D()), "B")
+
+    def test_register_decorator(self):
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(obj):
+            return "base"
+        @g.register(int)
+        def g_int(i):
+            return "int %s" % (i,)
+        self.assertEqual(g(""), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(12), "int 12")
+        self.assertIs(g.dispatch(int), g_int)
+        self.assertIs(g.dispatch(object), g.dispatch(str))
+        # Note: in the assert above this is not g.
+        # @singledispatch returns the wrapper.
+
+    def test_wrapping_attributes(self):
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(obj):
+            "Simple test"
+            return "Test"
+        self.assertEqual(g.__name__, "g")
+        if sys.flags.optimize < 2:
+            self.assertEqual(g.__doc__, "Simple test")
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(decimal, 'requires _decimal')
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_c_classes(self):
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(obj):
+            return "base"
+        @g.register(decimal.DecimalException)
+        def _(obj):
+            return obj.args
+        subn = decimal.Subnormal("Exponent < Emin")
+        rnd = decimal.Rounded("Number got rounded")
+        self.assertEqual(g(subn), ("Exponent < Emin",))
+        self.assertEqual(g(rnd), ("Number got rounded",))
+        @g.register(decimal.Subnormal)
+        def _(obj):
+            return "Too small to care."
+        self.assertEqual(g(subn), "Too small to care.")
+        self.assertEqual(g(rnd), ("Number got rounded",))
+
+    def test_compose_mro(self):
+        # None of the examples in this test depend on haystack ordering.
+        c = collections
+        mro = functools._compose_mro
+        bases = [c.Sequence, c.MutableMapping, c.Mapping, c.Set]
+        for haystack in permutations(bases):
+            m = mro(dict, haystack)
+            self.assertEqual(m, [dict, c.MutableMapping, c.Mapping, c.Sized,
+                                 c.Iterable, c.Container, object])
+        bases = [c.Container, c.Mapping, c.MutableMapping, c.OrderedDict]
+        for haystack in permutations(bases):
+            m = mro(c.ChainMap, haystack)
+            self.assertEqual(m, [c.ChainMap, c.MutableMapping, c.Mapping,
+                                 c.Sized, c.Iterable, c.Container, object])
+
+        # If there's a generic function with implementations registered for
+        # both Sized and Container, passing a defaultdict to it results in an
+        # ambiguous dispatch which will cause a RuntimeError (see
+        # test_mro_conflicts).
+        bases = [c.Container, c.Sized, str]
+        for haystack in permutations(bases):
+            m = mro(c.defaultdict, [c.Sized, c.Container, str])
+            self.assertEqual(m, [c.defaultdict, dict, c.Sized, c.Container,
+                                 object])
+
+        # MutableSequence below is registered directly on D. In other words, it
+        # preceeds MutableMapping which means single dispatch will always
+        # choose MutableSequence here.
+        class D(c.defaultdict):
+            pass
+        c.MutableSequence.register(D)
+        bases = [c.MutableSequence, c.MutableMapping]
+        for haystack in permutations(bases):
+            m = mro(D, bases)
+            self.assertEqual(m, [D, c.MutableSequence, c.Sequence,
+                                 c.defaultdict, dict, c.MutableMapping,
+                                 c.Mapping, c.Sized, c.Iterable, c.Container,
+                                 object])
+
+        # Container and Callable are registered on different base classes and
+        # a generic function supporting both should always pick the Callable
+        # implementation if a C instance is passed.
+        class C(c.defaultdict):
+            def __call__(self):
+                pass
+        bases = [c.Sized, c.Callable, c.Container, c.Mapping]
+        for haystack in permutations(bases):
+            m = mro(C, haystack)
+            self.assertEqual(m, [C, c.Callable, c.defaultdict, dict, c.Mapping,
+                                 c.Sized, c.Iterable, c.Container, object])
+
+    def test_register_abc(self):
+        c = collections
+        d = {"a": "b"}
+        l = [1, 2, 3]
+        s = {object(), None}
+        f = frozenset(s)
+        t = (1, 2, 3)
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(obj):
+            return "base"
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "base")
+        g.register(c.Sized, lambda obj: "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sized")
+        g.register(c.MutableMapping, lambda obj: "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sized")
+        g.register(c.ChainMap, lambda obj: "chainmap")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")  # irrelevant ABCs registered
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sized")
+        g.register(c.MutableSequence, lambda obj: "mutablesequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "mutablesequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sized")
+        g.register(c.MutableSet, lambda obj: "mutableset")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "mutablesequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "mutableset")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sized")
+        g.register(c.Mapping, lambda obj: "mapping")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")  # not specific enough
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "mutablesequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "mutableset")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sized")
+        g.register(c.Sequence, lambda obj: "sequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "mutablesequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "mutableset")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sequence")
+        g.register(c.Set, lambda obj: "set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "mutablesequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "mutableset")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sequence")
+        g.register(dict, lambda obj: "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "mutablesequence")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "mutableset")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sequence")
+        g.register(list, lambda obj: "list")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "mutableset")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sequence")
+        g.register(set, lambda obj: "concrete-set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "concrete-set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sequence")
+        g.register(frozenset, lambda obj: "frozen-set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "concrete-set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "frozen-set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "sequence")
+        g.register(tuple, lambda obj: "tuple")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(g(s), "concrete-set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(f), "frozen-set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(t), "tuple")
+
+    def test_c3_abc(self):
+        c = collections
+        mro = functools._c3_mro
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+        class B(A):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0   # implies Sized
+        @c.Container.register
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+        class D(object):
+            pass   # unrelated
+        class X(D, C, B):
+            def __call__(self):
+                pass   # implies Callable
+        expected = [X, c.Callable, D, C, c.Container, B, c.Sized, A, object]
+        for abcs in permutations([c.Sized, c.Callable, c.Container]):
+            self.assertEqual(mro(X, abcs=abcs), expected)
+        # unrelated ABCs don't appear in the resulting MRO
+        many_abcs = [c.Mapping, c.Sized, c.Callable, c.Container, c.Iterable]
+        self.assertEqual(mro(X, abcs=many_abcs), expected)
+
+    def test_mro_conflicts(self):
+        c = collections
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(arg):
+            return "base"
+        class O(c.Sized):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0
+        o = O()
+        self.assertEqual(g(o), "base")
+        g.register(c.Iterable, lambda arg: "iterable")
+        g.register(c.Container, lambda arg: "container")
+        g.register(c.Sized, lambda arg: "sized")
+        g.register(c.Set, lambda arg: "set")
+        self.assertEqual(g(o), "sized")
+        c.Iterable.register(O)
+        self.assertEqual(g(o), "sized")   # because it's explicitly in __mro__
+        c.Container.register(O)
+        self.assertEqual(g(o), "sized")   # see above: Sized is in __mro__
+        c.Set.register(O)
+        self.assertEqual(g(o), "set")     # because c.Set is a subclass of
+                                          # c.Sized and c.Container
+        class P:
+            pass
+        p = P()
+        self.assertEqual(g(p), "base")
+        c.Iterable.register(P)
+        self.assertEqual(g(p), "iterable")
+        c.Container.register(P)
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as re_one:
+            g(p)
+        self.assertIn(
+            str(re_one.exception),
+            (("Ambiguous dispatch: <class 'collections.abc.Container'> "
+              "or <class 'collections.abc.Iterable'>"),
+             ("Ambiguous dispatch: <class 'collections.abc.Iterable'> "
+              "or <class 'collections.abc.Container'>")),
+        )
+        class Q(c.Sized):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0
+        q = Q()
+        self.assertEqual(g(q), "sized")
+        c.Iterable.register(Q)
+        self.assertEqual(g(q), "sized")   # because it's explicitly in __mro__
+        c.Set.register(Q)
+        self.assertEqual(g(q), "set")     # because c.Set is a subclass of
+                                          # c.Sized and c.Iterable
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def h(arg):
+            return "base"
+        @h.register(c.Sized)
+        def _(arg):
+            return "sized"
+        @h.register(c.Container)
+        def _(arg):
+            return "container"
+        # Even though Sized and Container are explicit bases of MutableMapping,
+        # this ABC is implicitly registered on defaultdict which makes all of
+        # MutableMapping's bases implicit as well from defaultdict's
+        # perspective.
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as re_two:
+            h(c.defaultdict(lambda: 0))
+        self.assertIn(
+            str(re_two.exception),
+            (("Ambiguous dispatch: <class 'collections.abc.Container'> "
+              "or <class 'collections.abc.Sized'>"),
+             ("Ambiguous dispatch: <class 'collections.abc.Sized'> "
+              "or <class 'collections.abc.Container'>")),
+        )
+        class R(c.defaultdict):
+            pass
+        c.MutableSequence.register(R)
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def i(arg):
+            return "base"
+        @i.register(c.MutableMapping)
+        def _(arg):
+            return "mapping"
+        @i.register(c.MutableSequence)
+        def _(arg):
+            return "sequence"
+        r = R()
+        self.assertEqual(i(r), "sequence")
+        class S:
+            pass
+        class T(S, c.Sized):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0
+        t = T()
+        self.assertEqual(h(t), "sized")
+        c.Container.register(T)
+        self.assertEqual(h(t), "sized")   # because it's explicitly in the MRO
+        class U:
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0
+        u = U()
+        self.assertEqual(h(u), "sized")   # implicit Sized subclass inferred
+                                          # from the existence of __len__()
+        c.Container.register(U)
+        # There is no preference for registered versus inferred ABCs.
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as re_three:
+            h(u)
+        self.assertIn(
+            str(re_three.exception),
+            (("Ambiguous dispatch: <class 'collections.abc.Container'> "
+              "or <class 'collections.abc.Sized'>"),
+             ("Ambiguous dispatch: <class 'collections.abc.Sized'> "
+              "or <class 'collections.abc.Container'>")),
+        )
+        class V(c.Sized, S):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def j(arg):
+            return "base"
+        @j.register(S)
+        def _(arg):
+            return "s"
+        @j.register(c.Container)
+        def _(arg):
+            return "container"
+        v = V()
+        self.assertEqual(j(v), "s")
+        c.Container.register(V)
+        self.assertEqual(j(v), "container")   # because it ends up right after
+                                              # Sized in the MRO
+
+    def test_cache_invalidation(self):
+        from collections import UserDict
+        class TracingDict(UserDict):
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                super(TracingDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+                self.set_ops = []
+                self.get_ops = []
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                result = self.data[key]
+                self.get_ops.append(key)
+                return result
+            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+                self.set_ops.append(key)
+                self.data[key] = value
+            def clear(self):
+                self.data.clear()
+        _orig_wkd = functools.WeakKeyDictionary
+        td = TracingDict()
+        functools.WeakKeyDictionary = lambda: td
+        c = collections
+        @functools.singledispatch
+        def g(arg):
+            return "base"
+        d = {}
+        l = []
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict])
+        self.assertEqual(td.data[dict], g.registry[object])
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list])
+        self.assertEqual(td.data[dict], g.registry[object])
+        self.assertEqual(td.data[list], g.registry[object])
+        self.assertEqual(td.data[dict], td.data[list])
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list])
+        g.register(list, lambda arg: "list")
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(td.data[dict],
+                         functools._find_impl(dict, g.registry))
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list, dict, list])
+        self.assertEqual(td.data[list],
+                         functools._find_impl(list, g.registry))
+        class X:
+            pass
+        c.MutableMapping.register(X)   # Will not invalidate the cache,
+                                       # not using ABCs yet.
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "base")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict, dict, list])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list, dict, list])
+        g.register(c.Sized, lambda arg: "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict, dict, list])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list, dict, list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict, dict, list])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list, dict, list, dict, list])
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "sized")
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict, dict, list, list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list, dict, list, dict, list])
+        g.dispatch(list)
+        g.dispatch(dict)
+        self.assertEqual(td.get_ops, [list, dict, dict, list, list, dict,
+                                      list, dict])
+        self.assertEqual(td.set_ops, [dict, list, dict, list, dict, list])
+        c.MutableSet.register(X)       # Will invalidate the cache.
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 2)   # Stale cache.
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 1)
+        g.register(c.MutableMapping, lambda arg: "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "mutablemapping")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 2)
+        g.register(dict, lambda arg: "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(d), "dict")
+        self.assertEqual(g(l), "list")
+        g._clear_cache()
+        self.assertEqual(len(td), 0)
+        functools.WeakKeyDictionary = _orig_wkd
+
+
 def test_main(verbose=None):
     test_classes = (
-        TestPartial,
-        TestPartialSubclass,
-        TestPythonPartial,
+        TestPartialC,
+        TestPartialPy,
+        TestPartialCSubclass,
+        TestPartialMethod,
         TestUpdateWrapper,
         TestTotalOrdering,
-        TestCmpToKey,
+        TestCmpToKeyC,
+        TestCmpToKeyPy,
         TestWraps,
         TestReduce,
         TestLRU,
+        TestSingleDispatch,
     )
     support.run_unittest(*test_classes)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_future.py b/Lib/test/test_future.py
index a0c156f5f7..beac993e4d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_future.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_future.py
@@ -82,6 +82,14 @@ class FutureTest(unittest.TestCase):
         else:
             self.fail("expected exception didn't occur")
 
+    def test_badfuture10(self):
+        try:
+            from test import badsyntax_future10
+        except SyntaxError as msg:
+            self.assertEqual(get_error_location(msg), ("badsyntax_future10", '3'))
+        else:
+            self.fail("expected exception didn't occur")
+
     def test_parserhack(self):
         # test that the parser.c::future_hack function works as expected
         # Note: although this test must pass, it's not testing the original
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gc.py b/Lib/test/test_gc.py
index c59b72eacf..7eb104a6b5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_gc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gc.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import unittest
 from test.support import (verbose, refcount_test, run_unittest,
-                            strip_python_stderr)
+                            strip_python_stderr, cpython_only)
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok, make_script, temp_dir
+
 import sys
 import time
 import gc
@@ -11,6 +13,15 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
 
+try:
+    from _testcapi import with_tp_del
+except ImportError:
+    def with_tp_del(cls):
+        class C(object):
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                raise TypeError('requires _testcapi.with_tp_del')
+        return C
+
 ### Support code
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -38,6 +49,7 @@ class GC_Detector(object):
         # gc collects it.
         self.wr = weakref.ref(C1055820(666), it_happened)
 
+@with_tp_del
 class Uncollectable(object):
     """Create a reference cycle with multiple __del__ methods.
 
@@ -50,7 +62,7 @@ class Uncollectable(object):
             self.partner = Uncollectable(partner=self)
         else:
             self.partner = partner
-    def __del__(self):
+    def __tp_del__(self):
         pass
 
 ### Tests
@@ -139,11 +151,13 @@ class GCTests(unittest.TestCase):
         del a
         self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
 
-    def test_finalizer(self):
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_legacy_finalizer(self):
         # A() is uncollectable if it is part of a cycle, make sure it shows up
         # in gc.garbage.
+        @with_tp_del
         class A:
-            def __del__(self): pass
+            def __tp_del__(self): pass
         class B:
             pass
         a = A()
@@ -163,11 +177,13 @@ class GCTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.fail("didn't find obj in garbage (finalizer)")
         gc.garbage.remove(obj)
 
-    def test_finalizer_newclass(self):
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_legacy_finalizer_newclass(self):
         # A() is uncollectable if it is part of a cycle, make sure it shows up
         # in gc.garbage.
+        @with_tp_del
         class A(object):
-            def __del__(self): pass
+            def __tp_del__(self): pass
         class B(object):
             pass
         a = A()
@@ -564,16 +580,19 @@ class GCTests(unittest.TestCase):
             # would be damaged, with an empty __dict__.
             self.assertEqual(x, None)
 
+    @cpython_only
     def test_garbage_at_shutdown(self):
         import subprocess
         code = """if 1:
             import gc
+            import _testcapi
+            @_testcapi.with_tp_del
             class X:
                 def __init__(self, name):
                     self.name = name
                 def __repr__(self):
                     return "<X %%r>" %% self.name
-                def __del__(self):
+                def __tp_del__(self):
                     pass
 
             x = X('first')
@@ -610,6 +629,66 @@ class GCTests(unittest.TestCase):
         stderr = run_command(code % "gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL")
         self.assertNotIn(b"uncollectable objects at shutdown", stderr)
 
+    def test_gc_main_module_at_shutdown(self):
+        # Create a reference cycle through the __main__ module and check
+        # it gets collected at interpreter shutdown.
+        code = """if 1:
+            import weakref
+            class C:
+                def __del__(self):
+                    print('__del__ called')
+            l = [C()]
+            l.append(l)
+            """
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
+        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b'__del__ called')
+
+    def test_gc_ordinary_module_at_shutdown(self):
+        # Same as above, but with a non-__main__ module.
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            module = """if 1:
+                import weakref
+                class C:
+                    def __del__(self):
+                        print('__del__ called')
+                l = [C()]
+                l.append(l)
+                """
+            code = """if 1:
+                import sys
+                sys.path.insert(0, %r)
+                import gctest
+                """ % (script_dir,)
+            make_script(script_dir, 'gctest', module)
+            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
+            self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b'__del__ called')
+
+    def test_get_stats(self):
+        stats = gc.get_stats()
+        self.assertEqual(len(stats), 3)
+        for st in stats:
+            self.assertIsInstance(st, dict)
+            self.assertEqual(set(st),
+                             {"collected", "collections", "uncollectable"})
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(st["collected"], 0)
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(st["collections"], 0)
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(st["uncollectable"], 0)
+        # Check that collection counts are incremented correctly
+        if gc.isenabled():
+            self.addCleanup(gc.enable)
+            gc.disable()
+        old = gc.get_stats()
+        gc.collect(0)
+        new = gc.get_stats()
+        self.assertEqual(new[0]["collections"], old[0]["collections"] + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(new[1]["collections"], old[1]["collections"])
+        self.assertEqual(new[2]["collections"], old[2]["collections"])
+        gc.collect(2)
+        new = gc.get_stats()
+        self.assertEqual(new[0]["collections"], old[0]["collections"] + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(new[1]["collections"], old[1]["collections"])
+        self.assertEqual(new[2]["collections"], old[2]["collections"] + 1)
+
 
 class GCCallbackTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
@@ -696,6 +775,7 @@ class GCCallbackTests(unittest.TestCase):
             info = v[2]
             self.assertEqual(info["generation"], 2)
 
+    @cpython_only
     def test_collect_garbage(self):
         self.preclean()
         # Each of these cause four objects to be garbage: Two
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gdb.py b/Lib/test/test_gdb.py
index 846422b837..0e254a2487 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_gdb.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gdb.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import os
 import re
+import pprint
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import sysconfig
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     _thread = None
 
+from test import support
 from test.support import run_unittest, findfile, python_is_optimized
 
 try:
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ if not sysconfig.is_python_build():
 checkout_hook_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable),
                                   'python-gdb.py')
 
+PYTHONHASHSEED = '123'
+
 def run_gdb(*args, **env_vars):
     """Runs gdb in --batch mode with the additional arguments given by *args.
 
@@ -144,7 +148,7 @@ class DebuggerTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # print (' '.join(args))
 
         # Use "args" to invoke gdb, capturing stdout, stderr:
-        out, err = run_gdb(*args, PYTHONHASHSEED='0')
+        out, err = run_gdb(*args, PYTHONHASHSEED=PYTHONHASHSEED)
 
         errlines = err.splitlines()
         unexpected_errlines = []
@@ -165,6 +169,10 @@ class DebuggerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             'linux-gate.so',
             'Do you need "set solib-search-path" or '
             '"set sysroot"?',
+            'warning: Source file is more recent than executable.',
+            # Issue #19753: missing symbols on System Z
+            'Missing separate debuginfo for ',
+            'Try: zypper install -C ',
             )
         for line in errlines:
             if not line.startswith(ignore_patterns):
@@ -248,9 +256,8 @@ class PrettyPrintTests(DebuggerTests):
     def test_dicts(self):
         'Verify the pretty-printing of dictionaries'
         self.assertGdbRepr({})
-        self.assertGdbRepr({'foo': 'bar'})
-        self.assertGdbRepr({'foo': 'bar', 'douglas': 42},
-                           "{'foo': 'bar', 'douglas': 42}")
+        self.assertGdbRepr({'foo': 'bar'}, "{'foo': 'bar'}")
+        self.assertGdbRepr({'foo': 'bar', 'douglas': 42}, "{'douglas': 42, 'foo': 'bar'}")
 
     def test_lists(self):
         'Verify the pretty-printing of lists'
@@ -305,26 +312,30 @@ class PrettyPrintTests(DebuggerTests):
 
     def test_tuples(self):
         'Verify the pretty-printing of tuples'
-        self.assertGdbRepr(tuple())
+        self.assertGdbRepr(tuple(), '()')
         self.assertGdbRepr((1,), '(1,)')
         self.assertGdbRepr(('foo', 'bar', 'baz'))
 
     def test_sets(self):
         'Verify the pretty-printing of sets'
-        self.assertGdbRepr(set())
+        if (gdb_major_version, gdb_minor_version) < (7, 3):
+            self.skipTest("pretty-printing of sets needs gdb 7.3 or later")
+        self.assertGdbRepr(set(), 'set()')
         self.assertGdbRepr(set(['a', 'b']), "{'a', 'b'}")
         self.assertGdbRepr(set([4, 5, 6]), "{4, 5, 6}")
 
         # Ensure that we handle sets containing the "dummy" key value,
         # which happens on deletion:
         gdb_repr, gdb_output = self.get_gdb_repr('''s = set(['a','b'])
-s.pop()
+s.remove('a')
 id(s)''')
         self.assertEqual(gdb_repr, "{'b'}")
 
     def test_frozensets(self):
         'Verify the pretty-printing of frozensets'
-        self.assertGdbRepr(frozenset())
+        if (gdb_major_version, gdb_minor_version) < (7, 3):
+            self.skipTest("pretty-printing of frozensets needs gdb 7.3 or later")
+        self.assertGdbRepr(frozenset(), 'frozenset()')
         self.assertGdbRepr(frozenset(['a', 'b']), "frozenset({'a', 'b'})")
         self.assertGdbRepr(frozenset([4, 5, 6]), "frozenset({4, 5, 6})")
 
@@ -841,6 +852,10 @@ class PyLocalsTests(DebuggerTests):
                                     r".*\na = 1\nb = 2\nc = 3\n.*")
 
 def test_main():
+    if support.verbose:
+        print("GDB version:")
+        for line in os.fsdecode(gdb_version).splitlines():
+            print(" " * 4 + line)
     run_unittest(PrettyPrintTests,
                  PyListTests,
                  StackNavigationTests,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_generators.py b/Lib/test/test_generators.py
index 958054aef5..91afe47799 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_generators.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_generators.py
@@ -1,3 +1,55 @@
+import gc
+import sys
+import unittest
+import weakref
+
+from test import support
+
+
+class FinalizationTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_frame_resurrect(self):
+        # A generator frame can be resurrected by a generator's finalization.
+        def gen():
+            nonlocal frame
+            try:
+                yield
+            finally:
+                frame = sys._getframe()
+
+        g = gen()
+        wr = weakref.ref(g)
+        next(g)
+        del g
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+        self.assertTrue(frame)
+        del frame
+        support.gc_collect()
+
+    def test_refcycle(self):
+        # A generator caught in a refcycle gets finalized anyway.
+        old_garbage = gc.garbage[:]
+        finalized = False
+        def gen():
+            nonlocal finalized
+            try:
+                g = yield
+                yield 1
+            finally:
+                finalized = True
+
+        g = gen()
+        next(g)
+        g.send(g)
+        self.assertGreater(sys.getrefcount(g), 2)
+        self.assertFalse(finalized)
+        del g
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertTrue(finalized)
+        self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, old_garbage)
+
+
 tutorial_tests = """
 Let's try a simple generator:
 
@@ -384,8 +436,8 @@ From the Iterators list, about the types of these things.
 >>> [s for s in dir(i) if not s.startswith('_')]
 ['close', 'gi_code', 'gi_frame', 'gi_running', 'send', 'throw']
 >>> from test.support import HAVE_DOCSTRINGS
->>> print(i.__next__.__doc__ if HAVE_DOCSTRINGS else 'x.__next__() <==> next(x)')
-x.__next__() <==> next(x)
+>>> print(i.__next__.__doc__ if HAVE_DOCSTRINGS else 'Implement next(self).')
+Implement next(self).
 >>> iter(i) is i
 True
 >>> import types
@@ -1729,9 +1781,7 @@ Our ill-behaved code should be invoked during GC:
 >>> g = f()
 >>> next(g)
 >>> del g
->>> sys.stderr.getvalue().startswith(
-...     "Exception RuntimeError: 'generator ignored GeneratorExit' in "
-... )
+>>> "RuntimeError: generator ignored GeneratorExit" in sys.stderr.getvalue()
 True
 >>> sys.stderr = old
 
@@ -1841,22 +1891,23 @@ to test.
 ...     sys.stderr = io.StringIO()
 ...     class Leaker:
 ...         def __del__(self):
-...             raise RuntimeError
+...             def invoke(message):
+...                 raise RuntimeError(message)
+...             invoke("test")
 ...
 ...     l = Leaker()
 ...     del l
 ...     err = sys.stderr.getvalue().strip()
-...     err.startswith(
-...         "Exception RuntimeError: RuntimeError() in <"
-...     )
-...     err.endswith("> ignored")
-...     len(err.splitlines())
+...     "Exception ignored in" in err
+...     "RuntimeError: test" in err
+...     "Traceback" in err
+...     "in invoke" in err
 ... finally:
 ...     sys.stderr = old
 True
 True
-1
-
+True
+True
 
 
 These refleak tests should perhaps be in a testfile of their own,
@@ -1881,6 +1932,7 @@ __test__ = {"tut":      tutorial_tests,
 # so this works as expected in both ways of running regrtest.
 def test_main(verbose=None):
     from test import support, test_generators
+    support.run_unittest(__name__)
     support.run_doctest(test_generators, verbose)
 
 # This part isn't needed for regrtest, but for running the test directly.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py b/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py
index b5068e4c98..e59ed4d21c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_genericpath.py
@@ -188,12 +188,93 @@ class GenericTest:
             support.unlink(support.TESTFN)
             safe_rmdir(support.TESTFN)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _create_file(filename):
+        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b'foo')
+
+    def test_samefile(self):
+        try:
+            test_fn = support.TESTFN + "1"
+            self._create_file(test_fn)
+            self.assertTrue(self.pathmodule.samefile(test_fn, test_fn))
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.pathmodule.samefile)
+        finally:
+            os.remove(test_fn)
+
+    @support.skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_samefile_on_symlink(self):
+        self._test_samefile_on_link_func(os.symlink)
+
+    def test_samefile_on_link(self):
+        self._test_samefile_on_link_func(os.link)
+
+    def _test_samefile_on_link_func(self, func):
+        try:
+            test_fn1 = support.TESTFN + "1"
+            test_fn2 = support.TESTFN + "2"
+            self._create_file(test_fn1)
+
+            func(test_fn1, test_fn2)
+            self.assertTrue(self.pathmodule.samefile(test_fn1, test_fn2))
+            os.remove(test_fn2)
+
+            self._create_file(test_fn2)
+            self.assertFalse(self.pathmodule.samefile(test_fn1, test_fn2))
+        finally:
+            os.remove(test_fn1)
+            os.remove(test_fn2)
+
+    def test_samestat(self):
+        try:
+            test_fn = support.TESTFN + "1"
+            self._create_file(test_fn)
+            test_fns = [test_fn]*2
+            stats = map(os.stat, test_fns)
+            self.assertTrue(self.pathmodule.samestat(*stats))
+        finally:
+            os.remove(test_fn)
+
+    @support.skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_samestat_on_symlink(self):
+        self._test_samestat_on_link_func(os.symlink)
+
+    def test_samestat_on_link(self):
+        self._test_samestat_on_link_func(os.link)
+
+    def _test_samestat_on_link_func(self, func):
+        try:
+            test_fn1 = support.TESTFN + "1"
+            test_fn2 = support.TESTFN + "2"
+            self._create_file(test_fn1)
+            test_fns = (test_fn1, test_fn2)
+            func(*test_fns)
+            stats = map(os.stat, test_fns)
+            self.assertTrue(self.pathmodule.samestat(*stats))
+            os.remove(test_fn2)
+
+            self._create_file(test_fn2)
+            stats = map(os.stat, test_fns)
+            self.assertFalse(self.pathmodule.samestat(*stats))
+
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.pathmodule.samestat)
+        finally:
+            os.remove(test_fn1)
+            os.remove(test_fn2)
+
+    def test_sameopenfile(self):
+        fname = support.TESTFN + "1"
+        with open(fname, "wb") as a, open(fname, "wb") as b:
+            self.assertTrue(self.pathmodule.sameopenfile(
+                                a.fileno(), b.fileno()))
+
 class TestGenericTest(GenericTest, unittest.TestCase):
     # Issue 16852: GenericTest can't inherit from unittest.TestCase
     # for test discovery purposes; CommonTest inherits from GenericTest
     # and is only meant to be inherited by others.
     pathmodule = genericpath
 
+
 # Following TestCase is not supposed to be run from test_genericpath.
 # It is inherited by other test modules (macpath, ntpath, posixpath).
 
@@ -348,7 +429,6 @@ class CommonTest(GenericTest):
         else:
             self.skipTest("need support.TESTFN_NONASCII")
 
-        # Test non-ASCII, non-UTF8 bytes in the path.
         with warnings.catch_warnings():
             warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
             with support.temp_cwd(name):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_genexps.py b/Lib/test/test_genexps.py
index 203b336fde..fb531d6d47 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_genexps.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_genexps.py
@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ Check that generator attributes are present
     True
 
     >>> from test.support import HAVE_DOCSTRINGS
-    >>> print(g.__next__.__doc__ if HAVE_DOCSTRINGS else 'x.__next__() <==> next(x)')
-    x.__next__() <==> next(x)
+    >>> print(g.__next__.__doc__ if HAVE_DOCSTRINGS else 'Implement next(self).')
+    Implement next(self).
     >>> import types
     >>> isinstance(g, types.GeneratorType)
     True
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_getargs2.py b/Lib/test/test_getargs2.py
index fe64ee1669..1853a2dbed 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_getargs2.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_getargs2.py
@@ -3,38 +3,40 @@ from test import support
 # Skip this test if the _testcapi module isn't available.
 support.import_module('_testcapi')
 from _testcapi import getargs_keywords, getargs_keyword_only
-
-"""
-> How about the following counterproposal. This also changes some of
-> the other format codes to be a little more regular.
->
-> Code C type Range check
->
-> b unsigned char 0..UCHAR_MAX
-> h signed short SHRT_MIN..SHRT_MAX
-> B unsigned char none **
-> H unsigned short none **
-> k * unsigned long none
-> I * unsigned int 0..UINT_MAX
-
-
-> i int INT_MIN..INT_MAX
-> l long LONG_MIN..LONG_MAX
-
-> K * unsigned long long none
-> L long long LLONG_MIN..LLONG_MAX
-
-> Notes:
->
-> * New format codes.
->
-> ** Changed from previous "range-and-a-half" to "none"; the
-> range-and-a-half checking wasn't particularly useful.
-
-Plus a C API or two, e.g. PyInt_AsLongMask() ->
-unsigned long and PyInt_AsLongLongMask() -> unsigned
-long long (if that exists).
-"""
+try:
+    from _testcapi import getargs_L, getargs_K
+except ImportError:
+    getargs_L = None # PY_LONG_LONG not available
+
+# > How about the following counterproposal. This also changes some of
+# > the other format codes to be a little more regular.
+# >
+# > Code C type Range check
+# >
+# > b unsigned char 0..UCHAR_MAX
+# > h signed short SHRT_MIN..SHRT_MAX
+# > B unsigned char none **
+# > H unsigned short none **
+# > k * unsigned long none
+# > I * unsigned int 0..UINT_MAX
+#
+#
+# > i int INT_MIN..INT_MAX
+# > l long LONG_MIN..LONG_MAX
+#
+# > K * unsigned long long none
+# > L long long LLONG_MIN..LLONG_MAX
+#
+# > Notes:
+# >
+# > * New format codes.
+# >
+# > ** Changed from previous "range-and-a-half" to "none"; the
+# > range-and-a-half checking wasn't particularly useful.
+#
+# Plus a C API or two, e.g. PyInt_AsLongMask() ->
+# unsigned long and PyInt_AsLongLongMask() -> unsigned
+# long long (if that exists).
 
 LARGE = 0x7FFFFFFF
 VERY_LARGE = 0xFF0000121212121212121242
@@ -77,7 +79,8 @@ class Unsigned_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_b(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_b(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_b, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_b(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_b(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_b(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_b, -1)
@@ -95,7 +98,8 @@ class Unsigned_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_B(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_B(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_B, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_B(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_B(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_B(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertEqual(UCHAR_MAX, getargs_B(-1))
@@ -113,7 +117,8 @@ class Unsigned_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_H(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_H(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_H, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_H(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_H(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_H(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertEqual(USHRT_MAX, getargs_H(-1))
@@ -132,7 +137,8 @@ class Unsigned_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_I(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_I(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_I, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_I(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_I(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_I(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertEqual(UINT_MAX, getargs_I(-1))
@@ -172,7 +178,8 @@ class Signed_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_h(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_h(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_h, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_h(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_h(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_h(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_h, SHRT_MIN-1)
@@ -190,7 +197,8 @@ class Signed_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_i(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_i(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_i, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_i(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_i(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_i(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_i, INT_MIN-1)
@@ -208,7 +216,8 @@ class Signed_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_l(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_l(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_l, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_l(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_l(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_l(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_l, LONG_MIN-1)
@@ -239,6 +248,7 @@ class Signed_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_n, VERY_LARGE)
 
 
+@unittest.skipIf(getargs_L is None, 'PY_LONG_LONG is not available')
 class LongLong_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_L(self):
         from _testcapi import getargs_L
@@ -249,7 +259,8 @@ class LongLong_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(99, getargs_L(Int()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_L(IntSubclass()))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, getargs_L, BadInt())
-        self.assertEqual(1, getargs_L(BadInt2()))
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(1, getargs_L(BadInt2()))
         self.assertEqual(0, getargs_L(BadInt3()))
 
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, getargs_L, LLONG_MIN-1)
@@ -600,24 +611,5 @@ class Unicode_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(getargs_Z_hash(None))
 
 
-def test_main():
-    tests = [
-        Signed_TestCase,
-        Unsigned_TestCase,
-        Boolean_TestCase,
-        Tuple_TestCase,
-        Keywords_TestCase,
-        KeywordOnly_TestCase,
-        Bytes_TestCase,
-        Unicode_TestCase,
-    ]
-    try:
-        from _testcapi import getargs_L, getargs_K
-    except ImportError:
-        pass # PY_LONG_LONG not available
-    else:
-        tests.append(LongLong_TestCase)
-    support.run_unittest(*tests)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_glob.py b/Lib/test/test_glob.py
index eb9aeb5776..a5ab8d6c3e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_glob.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_glob.py
@@ -169,6 +169,28 @@ class GlobTests(unittest.TestCase):
         eq(glob.glob('\\\\*\\*\\'), [])
         eq(glob.glob(b'\\\\*\\*\\'), [])
 
+    def check_escape(self, arg, expected):
+        self.assertEqual(glob.escape(arg), expected)
+        self.assertEqual(glob.escape(os.fsencode(arg)), os.fsencode(expected))
+
+    def test_escape(self):
+        check = self.check_escape
+        check('abc', 'abc')
+        check('[', '[[]')
+        check('?', '[?]')
+        check('*', '[*]')
+        check('[[_/*?*/_]]', '[[][[]_/[*][?][*]/_]]')
+        check('/[[_/*?*/_]]/', '/[[][[]_/[*][?][*]/_]]/')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32 specific test")
+    def test_escape_windows(self):
+        check = self.check_escape
+        check('?:?', '?:[?]')
+        check('*:*', '*:[*]')
+        check(r'\\?\c:\?', r'\\?\c:\[?]')
+        check(r'\\*\*\*', r'\\*\*\[*]')
+        check('//?/c:/?', '//?/c:/[?]')
+        check('//*/*/*', '//*/*/[*]')
 
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(GlobTests)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_grammar.py b/Lib/test/test_grammar.py
index 6b326bdaa1..9da6338099 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_grammar.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_grammar.py
@@ -314,6 +314,13 @@ class GrammarTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(f.__annotations__,
                           {'b': 1, 'c': 2, 'e': 3, 'g': 6, 'h': 7, 'j': 9,
                            'k': 11, 'return': 12})
+        # Check for issue #20625 -- annotations mangling
+        class Spam:
+            def f(self, *, __kw:1):
+                pass
+        class Ham(Spam): pass
+        self.assertEquals(Spam.f.__annotations__, {'_Spam__kw': 1})
+        self.assertEquals(Ham.f.__annotations__, {'_Spam__kw': 1})
         # Check for SF Bug #1697248 - mixing decorators and a return annotation
         def null(x): return x
         @null
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gzip.py b/Lib/test/test_gzip.py
index c94d54e02e..52894077c9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_gzip.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gzip.py
@@ -130,6 +130,14 @@ class TestGzip(BaseTest):
                 if not ztxt: break
         self.assertEqual(contents, b'a'*201)
 
+    def test_exclusive_write(self):
+        with gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'xb') as f:
+            f.write(data1 * 50)
+        with gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'rb') as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), data1 * 50)
+        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+            gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'xb')
+
     def test_buffered_reader(self):
         # Issue #7471: a GzipFile can be wrapped in a BufferedReader for
         # performance.
@@ -205,6 +213,9 @@ class TestGzip(BaseTest):
         self.test_write()
         with gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'r') as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.myfileobj.mode, 'rb')
+        support.unlink(self.filename)
+        with gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'x') as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.myfileobj.mode, 'xb')
 
     def test_1647484(self):
         for mode in ('wb', 'rb'):
@@ -388,6 +399,20 @@ class TestGzip(BaseTest):
             datac = gzip.compress(data)
             self.assertEqual(gzip.decompress(datac), data)
 
+    def test_read_truncated(self):
+        data = data1*50
+        # Drop the CRC (4 bytes) and file size (4 bytes).
+        truncated = gzip.compress(data)[:-8]
+        with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(truncated)) as f:
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read)
+        with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(truncated)) as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(len(data)), data)
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read, 1)
+        # Incomplete 10-byte header.
+        for i in range(2, 10):
+            with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(truncated[:i])) as f:
+                self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read, 1)
+
     def test_read_with_extra(self):
         # Gzip data with an extra field
         gzdata = (b'\x1f\x8b\x08\x04\xb2\x17cQ\x02\xff'
@@ -399,35 +424,59 @@ class TestGzip(BaseTest):
 class TestOpen(BaseTest):
     def test_binary_modes(self):
         uncompressed = data1 * 50
+
         with gzip.open(self.filename, "wb") as f:
             f.write(uncompressed)
         with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
             file_data = gzip.decompress(f.read())
             self.assertEqual(file_data, uncompressed)
+
         with gzip.open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), uncompressed)
+
         with gzip.open(self.filename, "ab") as f:
             f.write(uncompressed)
         with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
             file_data = gzip.decompress(f.read())
             self.assertEqual(file_data, uncompressed * 2)
 
+        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+            gzip.open(self.filename, "xb")
+        support.unlink(self.filename)
+        with gzip.open(self.filename, "xb") as f:
+            f.write(uncompressed)
+        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+            file_data = gzip.decompress(f.read())
+            self.assertEqual(file_data, uncompressed)
+
     def test_implicit_binary_modes(self):
         # Test implicit binary modes (no "b" or "t" in mode string).
         uncompressed = data1 * 50
+
         with gzip.open(self.filename, "w") as f:
             f.write(uncompressed)
         with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
             file_data = gzip.decompress(f.read())
             self.assertEqual(file_data, uncompressed)
+
         with gzip.open(self.filename, "r") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), uncompressed)
+
         with gzip.open(self.filename, "a") as f:
             f.write(uncompressed)
         with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
             file_data = gzip.decompress(f.read())
             self.assertEqual(file_data, uncompressed * 2)
 
+        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+            gzip.open(self.filename, "x")
+        support.unlink(self.filename)
+        with gzip.open(self.filename, "x") as f:
+            f.write(uncompressed)
+        with open(self.filename, "rb") as f:
+            file_data = gzip.decompress(f.read())
+            self.assertEqual(file_data, uncompressed)
+
     def test_text_modes(self):
         uncompressed = data1.decode("ascii") * 50
         uncompressed_raw = uncompressed.replace("\n", os.linesep)
@@ -462,6 +511,8 @@ class TestOpen(BaseTest):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             gzip.open(self.filename, "wbt")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            gzip.open(self.filename, "xbt")
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             gzip.open(self.filename, "rb", encoding="utf-8")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             gzip.open(self.filename, "rb", errors="ignore")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_hash.py b/Lib/test/test_hash.py
index 22ebbccb22..f647c6f7d2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_hash.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_hash.py
@@ -12,6 +12,40 @@ from collections import Hashable
 
 IS_64BIT = sys.maxsize > 2**32
 
+def lcg(x, length=16):
+    """Linear congruential generator"""
+    if x == 0:
+        return bytes(length)
+    out = bytearray(length)
+    for i in range(length):
+        x = (214013 * x + 2531011) & 0x7fffffff
+        out[i] = (x >> 16) & 0xff
+    return bytes(out)
+
+def pysiphash(uint64):
+    """Convert SipHash24 output to Py_hash_t
+    """
+    assert 0 <= uint64 < (1 << 64)
+    # simple unsigned to signed int64
+    if uint64 > (1 << 63) - 1:
+        int64 = uint64 - (1 << 64)
+    else:
+        int64 = uint64
+    # mangle uint64 to uint32
+    uint32 = (uint64 ^ uint64 >> 32) & 0xffffffff
+    # simple unsigned to signed int32
+    if uint32 > (1 << 31) - 1:
+        int32 = uint32 - (1 << 32)
+    else:
+        int32 = uint32
+    return int32, int64
+
+def skip_unless_internalhash(test):
+    """Skip decorator for tests that depend on SipHash24 or FNV"""
+    ok = sys.hash_info.algorithm in {"fnv", "siphash24"}
+    msg = "Requires SipHash24 or FNV"
+    return test if ok else unittest.skip(msg)(test)
+
 
 class HashEqualityTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -161,12 +195,64 @@ class HashRandomizationTests:
         self.assertNotEqual(run1, run2)
 
 class StringlikeHashRandomizationTests(HashRandomizationTests):
+    repr_ = None
+    repr_long = None
+
+    # 32bit little, 64bit little, 32bit big, 64bit big
+    known_hashes = {
+        'djba33x': [ # only used for small strings
+            # seed 0, 'abc'
+            [193485960, 193485960,  193485960, 193485960],
+            # seed 42, 'abc'
+            [-678966196, 573763426263223372, -820489388, -4282905804826039665],
+            ],
+        'siphash24': [
+            # NOTE: PyUCS2 layout depends on endianess
+            # seed 0, 'abc'
+            [1198583518, 4596069200710135518, 1198583518, 4596069200710135518],
+            # seed 42, 'abc'
+            [273876886, -4501618152524544106, 273876886, -4501618152524544106],
+            # seed 42, 'abcdefghijk'
+            [-1745215313, 4436719588892876975, -1745215313, 4436719588892876975],
+            # seed 0, 'äú∑ℇ'
+            [493570806, 5749986484189612790, -1006381564, -5915111450199468540],
+            # seed 42, 'äú∑ℇ'
+            [-1677110816, -2947981342227738144, -1860207793, -4296699217652516017],
+        ],
+        'fnv': [
+            # seed 0, 'abc'
+            [-1600925533, 1453079729188098211, -1600925533,
+             1453079729188098211],
+            # seed 42, 'abc'
+            [-206076799, -4410911502303878509, -1024014457,
+             -3570150969479994130],
+            # seed 42, 'abcdefghijk'
+            [811136751, -5046230049376118746, -77208053 ,
+             -4779029615281019666],
+            # seed 0, 'äú∑ℇ'
+            [44402817, 8998297579845987431, -1956240331,
+             -782697888614047887],
+            # seed 42, 'äú∑ℇ'
+            [-283066365, -4576729883824601543, -271871407,
+             -3927695501187247084],
+        ]
+    }
+
+    def get_expected_hash(self, position, length):
+        if length < sys.hash_info.cutoff:
+            algorithm = "djba33x"
+        else:
+            algorithm = sys.hash_info.algorithm
+        if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+            platform = 1 if IS_64BIT else 0
+        else:
+            assert(sys.byteorder == 'big')
+            platform = 3 if IS_64BIT else 2
+        return self.known_hashes[algorithm][position][platform]
+
     def test_null_hash(self):
         # PYTHONHASHSEED=0 disables the randomized hash
-        if IS_64BIT:
-            known_hash_of_obj = 1453079729188098211
-        else:
-            known_hash_of_obj = -1600925533
+        known_hash_of_obj = self.get_expected_hash(0, 3)
 
         # Randomization is enabled by default:
         self.assertNotEqual(self.get_hash(self.repr_), known_hash_of_obj)
@@ -174,39 +260,53 @@ class StringlikeHashRandomizationTests(HashRandomizationTests):
         # It can also be disabled by setting the seed to 0:
         self.assertEqual(self.get_hash(self.repr_, seed=0), known_hash_of_obj)
 
+    @skip_unless_internalhash
     def test_fixed_hash(self):
         # test a fixed seed for the randomized hash
         # Note that all types share the same values:
-        if IS_64BIT:
-            if sys.byteorder == 'little':
-                h = -4410911502303878509
-            else:
-                h = -3570150969479994130
-        else:
-            if sys.byteorder == 'little':
-                h = -206076799
-            else:
-                h = -1024014457
+        h = self.get_expected_hash(1, 3)
         self.assertEqual(self.get_hash(self.repr_, seed=42), h)
 
+    @skip_unless_internalhash
+    def test_long_fixed_hash(self):
+        if self.repr_long is None:
+            return
+        h = self.get_expected_hash(2, 11)
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_hash(self.repr_long, seed=42), h)
+
+
 class StrHashRandomizationTests(StringlikeHashRandomizationTests,
                                 unittest.TestCase):
     repr_ = repr('abc')
+    repr_long = repr('abcdefghijk')
+    repr_ucs2 = repr('äú∑ℇ')
 
+    @skip_unless_internalhash
     def test_empty_string(self):
         self.assertEqual(hash(""), 0)
 
+    @skip_unless_internalhash
+    def test_ucs2_string(self):
+        h = self.get_expected_hash(3, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_hash(self.repr_ucs2, seed=0), h)
+        h = self.get_expected_hash(4, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_hash(self.repr_ucs2, seed=42), h)
+
 class BytesHashRandomizationTests(StringlikeHashRandomizationTests,
                                   unittest.TestCase):
     repr_ = repr(b'abc')
+    repr_long = repr(b'abcdefghijk')
 
+    @skip_unless_internalhash
     def test_empty_string(self):
         self.assertEqual(hash(b""), 0)
 
 class MemoryviewHashRandomizationTests(StringlikeHashRandomizationTests,
                                        unittest.TestCase):
     repr_ = "memoryview(b'abc')"
+    repr_long = "memoryview(b'abcdefghijk')"
 
+    @skip_unless_internalhash
     def test_empty_string(self):
         self.assertEqual(hash(memoryview(b"")), 0)
 
@@ -224,5 +324,23 @@ class DatetimeTimeTests(DatetimeTests, unittest.TestCase):
     repr_ = repr(datetime.time(0))
 
 
+class HashDistributionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_hash_distribution(self):
+        # check for hash collision
+        base = "abcdefghabcdefg"
+        for i in range(1, len(base)):
+            prefix = base[:i]
+            with self.subTest(prefix=prefix):
+                s15 = set()
+                s255 = set()
+                for c in range(256):
+                    h = hash(prefix + chr(c))
+                    s15.add(h & 0xf)
+                    s255.add(h & 0xff)
+                # SipHash24 distribution depends on key, usually > 60%
+                self.assertGreater(len(s15), 8, prefix)
+                self.assertGreater(len(s255), 128, prefix)
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py b/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py
index c0470d6018..36a98cb027 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py
@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@ except ImportError:
 import unittest
 import warnings
 from test import support
-from test.support import _4G, bigmemtest
+from test.support import _4G, bigmemtest, import_fresh_module
 
 # Were we compiled --with-pydebug or with #define Py_DEBUG?
 COMPILED_WITH_PYDEBUG = hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')
 
+c_hashlib = import_fresh_module('hashlib', fresh=['_hashlib'])
+py_hashlib = import_fresh_module('hashlib', blocked=['_hashlib'])
 
 def hexstr(s):
     assert isinstance(s, bytes), repr(s)
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ def hexstr(s):
 class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     supported_hash_names = ( 'md5', 'MD5', 'sha1', 'SHA1',
                              'sha224', 'SHA224', 'sha256', 'SHA256',
-                             'sha384', 'SHA384', 'sha512', 'SHA512' )
+                             'sha384', 'SHA384', 'sha512', 'SHA512')
 
     # Issue #14693: fallback modules are always compiled under POSIX
     _warn_on_extension_import = os.name == 'posix' or COMPILED_WITH_PYDEBUG
@@ -72,27 +74,31 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         if _hashlib:
             # These two algorithms should always be present when this module
             # is compiled.  If not, something was compiled wrong.
-            assert hasattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_md5')
-            assert hasattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_sha1')
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_md5'))
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_sha1'))
             for algorithm, constructors in self.constructors_to_test.items():
                 constructor = getattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_'+algorithm, None)
                 if constructor:
                     constructors.add(constructor)
 
+        def add_builtin_constructor(name):
+            constructor = getattr(hashlib, "__get_builtin_constructor")(name)
+            self.constructors_to_test[name].add(constructor)
+
         _md5 = self._conditional_import_module('_md5')
         if _md5:
-            self.constructors_to_test['md5'].add(_md5.md5)
+            add_builtin_constructor('md5')
         _sha1 = self._conditional_import_module('_sha1')
         if _sha1:
-            self.constructors_to_test['sha1'].add(_sha1.sha1)
+            add_builtin_constructor('sha1')
         _sha256 = self._conditional_import_module('_sha256')
         if _sha256:
-            self.constructors_to_test['sha224'].add(_sha256.sha224)
-            self.constructors_to_test['sha256'].add(_sha256.sha256)
+            add_builtin_constructor('sha224')
+            add_builtin_constructor('sha256')
         _sha512 = self._conditional_import_module('_sha512')
         if _sha512:
-            self.constructors_to_test['sha384'].add(_sha512.sha384)
-            self.constructors_to_test['sha512'].add(_sha512.sha512)
+            add_builtin_constructor('sha384')
+            add_builtin_constructor('sha512')
 
         super(HashLibTestCase, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -121,8 +127,10 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, hashlib.new, 1)
 
     def test_get_builtin_constructor(self):
-        get_builtin_constructor = hashlib.__dict__[
-                '__get_builtin_constructor']
+        get_builtin_constructor = getattr(hashlib,
+                                          '__get_builtin_constructor')
+        builtin_constructor_cache = getattr(hashlib,
+                                            '__builtin_constructor_cache')
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, get_builtin_constructor, 'test')
         try:
             import _md5
@@ -130,6 +138,8 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
         # This forces an ImportError for "import _md5" statements
         sys.modules['_md5'] = None
+        # clear the cache
+        builtin_constructor_cache.clear()
         try:
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, get_builtin_constructor, 'md5')
         finally:
@@ -138,13 +148,23 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             else:
                 del sys.modules['_md5']
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, get_builtin_constructor, 3)
+        constructor = get_builtin_constructor('md5')
+        self.assertIs(constructor, _md5.md5)
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(builtin_constructor_cache), ['MD5', 'md5'])
 
     def test_hexdigest(self):
         for cons in self.hash_constructors:
             h = cons()
-            assert isinstance(h.digest(), bytes), name
+            self.assertIsInstance(h.digest(), bytes)
             self.assertEqual(hexstr(h.digest()), h.hexdigest())
 
+    def test_name_attribute(self):
+        for cons in self.hash_constructors:
+            h = cons()
+            self.assertIsInstance(h.name, str)
+            self.assertIn(h.name, self.supported_hash_names)
+            self.assertEqual(h.name, hashlib.new(h.name).name)
+
     def test_large_update(self):
         aas = b'a' * 128
         bees = b'b' * 127
@@ -213,8 +233,9 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(m.block_size, block_size)
             self.assertEqual(m.digest_size, digest_size)
             self.assertEqual(len(m.digest()), digest_size)
-            self.assertEqual(m.name.lower(), name.lower())
-            self.assertIn(name.split("_")[0], repr(m).lower())
+            self.assertEqual(m.name, name)
+            # split for sha3_512 / _sha3.sha3 object
+            self.assertIn(name.split("_")[0], repr(m))
 
     def test_blocksize_name(self):
         self.check_blocksize_name('md5', 64, 16)
@@ -352,6 +373,12 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
           "e718483d0ce769644e2e42c7bc15b4638e1f98b13b2044285632a803afa973eb"+
           "de0ff244877ea60a4cb0432ce577c31beb009c5c2c49aa2e4eadb217ad8cc09b")
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.maxsize < _4G + 5, 'test cannot run on 32-bit systems')
+    @bigmemtest(size=_4G + 5, memuse=1, dry_run=False)
+    def test_case_sha3_224_huge(self, size):
+        self.check('sha3_224', b'A'*size,
+                   '58ef60057c9dddb6a87477e9ace5a26f0d9db01881cf9b10a9f8c224')
+
     def test_gil(self):
         # Check things work fine with an input larger than the size required
         # for multithreaded operation (which is hardwired to 2048).
@@ -400,8 +427,8 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         events = []
         for threadnum in range(num_threads):
             chunk_size = len(data) // (10**threadnum)
-            assert chunk_size > 0
-            assert chunk_size % len(smallest_data) == 0
+            self.assertGreater(chunk_size, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(chunk_size % len(smallest_data), 0)
             event = threading.Event()
             events.append(event)
             threading.Thread(target=hash_in_chunks,
@@ -412,8 +439,95 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(expected_hash, hasher.hexdigest())
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(HashLibTestCase)
+
+class KDFTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    pbkdf2_test_vectors = [
+        (b'password', b'salt', 1, None),
+        (b'password', b'salt', 2, None),
+        (b'password', b'salt', 4096, None),
+        # too slow, it takes over a minute on a fast CPU.
+        #(b'password', b'salt', 16777216, None),
+        (b'passwordPASSWORDpassword', b'saltSALTsaltSALTsaltSALTsaltSALTsalt',
+         4096, -1),
+        (b'pass\0word', b'sa\0lt', 4096, 16),
+    ]
+
+    pbkdf2_results = {
+        "sha1": [
+            # offical test vectors from RFC 6070
+            (bytes.fromhex('0c60c80f961f0e71f3a9b524af6012062fe037a6'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('ea6c014dc72d6f8ccd1ed92ace1d41f0d8de8957'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('4b007901b765489abead49d926f721d065a429c1'), None),
+            #(bytes.fromhex('eefe3d61cd4da4e4e9945b3d6ba2158c2634e984'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('3d2eec4fe41c849b80c8d83662c0e44a8b291a964c'
+                           'f2f07038'), 25),
+            (bytes.fromhex('56fa6aa75548099dcc37d7f03425e0c3'), None),],
+        "sha256": [
+            (bytes.fromhex('120fb6cffcf8b32c43e7225256c4f837'
+                           'a86548c92ccc35480805987cb70be17b'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('ae4d0c95af6b46d32d0adff928f06dd0'
+                           '2a303f8ef3c251dfd6e2d85a95474c43'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('c5e478d59288c841aa530db6845c4c8d'
+                           '962893a001ce4e11a4963873aa98134a'), None),
+            #(bytes.fromhex('cf81c66fe8cfc04d1f31ecb65dab4089'
+            #               'f7f179e89b3b0bcb17ad10e3ac6eba46'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('348c89dbcbd32b2f32d814b8116e84cf2b17'
+                           '347ebc1800181c4e2a1fb8dd53e1c635518c7dac47e9'), 40),
+            (bytes.fromhex('89b69d0516f829893c696226650a8687'), None),],
+        "sha512": [
+            (bytes.fromhex('867f70cf1ade02cff3752599a3a53dc4af34c7a669815ae5'
+                           'd513554e1c8cf252c02d470a285a0501bad999bfe943c08f'
+                           '050235d7d68b1da55e63f73b60a57fce'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('e1d9c16aa681708a45f5c7c4e215ceb66e011a2e9f004071'
+                           '3f18aefdb866d53cf76cab2868a39b9f7840edce4fef5a82'
+                           'be67335c77a6068e04112754f27ccf4e'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('d197b1b33db0143e018b12f3d1d1479e6cdebdcc97c5c0f8'
+                           '7f6902e072f457b5143f30602641b3d55cd335988cb36b84'
+                           '376060ecd532e039b742a239434af2d5'), None),
+            (bytes.fromhex('8c0511f4c6e597c6ac6315d8f0362e225f3c501495ba23b8'
+                           '68c005174dc4ee71115b59f9e60cd9532fa33e0f75aefe30'
+                           '225c583a186cd82bd4daea9724a3d3b8'), 64),
+            (bytes.fromhex('9d9e9c4cd21fe4be24d5b8244c759665'), None),],
+    }
+
+    def _test_pbkdf2_hmac(self, pbkdf2):
+        for digest_name, results in self.pbkdf2_results.items():
+            for i, vector in enumerate(self.pbkdf2_test_vectors):
+                password, salt, rounds, dklen = vector
+                expected, overwrite_dklen = results[i]
+                if overwrite_dklen:
+                    dklen = overwrite_dklen
+                out = pbkdf2(digest_name, password, salt, rounds, dklen)
+                self.assertEqual(out, expected,
+                                 (digest_name, password, salt, rounds, dklen))
+                out = pbkdf2(digest_name, memoryview(password),
+                             memoryview(salt), rounds, dklen)
+                out = pbkdf2(digest_name, bytearray(password),
+                             bytearray(salt), rounds, dklen)
+                self.assertEqual(out, expected)
+                if dklen is None:
+                    out = pbkdf2(digest_name, password, salt, rounds)
+                    self.assertEqual(out, expected,
+                                     (digest_name, password, salt, rounds))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pbkdf2, b'sha1', b'pass', b'salt', 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pbkdf2, 'sha1', 'pass', 'salt', 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pbkdf2, 'sha1', b'pass', b'salt', 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pbkdf2, 'sha1', b'pass', b'salt', -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pbkdf2, 'sha1', b'pass', b'salt', 1, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pbkdf2, 'sha1', b'pass', b'salt', 1, -1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'unsupported hash type'):
+            pbkdf2('unknown', b'pass', b'salt', 1)
+
+    def test_pbkdf2_hmac_py(self):
+        self._test_pbkdf2_hmac(py_hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(c_hashlib, 'pbkdf2_hmac'),
+                     '   test requires OpenSSL > 1.0')
+    def test_pbkdf2_hmac_c(self):
+        self._test_pbkdf2_hmac(c_hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_hmac.py b/Lib/test/test_hmac.py
index 4ca7cec44c..cde56fd76f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_hmac.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_hmac.py
@@ -1,17 +1,39 @@
+import functools
 import hmac
 import hashlib
 import unittest
 import warnings
 from test import support
 
+
+def ignore_warning(func):
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings("ignore",
+                                    category=PendingDeprecationWarning)
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
+
+
 class TestVectorsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_md5_vectors(self):
         # Test the HMAC module against test vectors from the RFC.
 
         def md5test(key, data, digest):
-            h = hmac.HMAC(key, data)
+            h = hmac.HMAC(key, data, digestmod=hashlib.md5)
             self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest().upper(), digest.upper())
+            self.assertEqual(h.name, "hmac-md5")
+            self.assertEqual(h.digest_size, 16)
+            self.assertEqual(h.block_size, 64)
+
+            h = hmac.HMAC(key, data, digestmod='md5')
+            self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest().upper(), digest.upper())
+            self.assertEqual(h.name, "hmac-md5")
+            self.assertEqual(h.digest_size, 16)
+            self.assertEqual(h.block_size, 64)
+
 
         md5test(b"\x0b" * 16,
                 b"Hi There",
@@ -46,6 +68,16 @@ class TestVectorsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         def shatest(key, data, digest):
             h = hmac.HMAC(key, data, digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
             self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest().upper(), digest.upper())
+            self.assertEqual(h.name, "hmac-sha1")
+            self.assertEqual(h.digest_size, 20)
+            self.assertEqual(h.block_size, 64)
+
+            h = hmac.HMAC(key, data, digestmod='sha1')
+            self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest().upper(), digest.upper())
+            self.assertEqual(h.name, "hmac-sha1")
+            self.assertEqual(h.digest_size, 20)
+            self.assertEqual(h.block_size, 64)
+
 
         shatest(b"\x0b" * 20,
                 b"Hi There",
@@ -76,10 +108,21 @@ class TestVectorsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                  b"and Larger Than One Block-Size Data"),
                 "e8e99d0f45237d786d6bbaa7965c7808bbff1a91")
 
-    def _rfc4231_test_cases(self, hashfunc):
+    def _rfc4231_test_cases(self, hashfunc, hash_name, digest_size, block_size):
         def hmactest(key, data, hexdigests):
+            hmac_name = "hmac-" + hash_name
             h = hmac.HMAC(key, data, digestmod=hashfunc)
             self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest().lower(), hexdigests[hashfunc])
+            self.assertEqual(h.name, hmac_name)
+            self.assertEqual(h.digest_size, digest_size)
+            self.assertEqual(h.block_size, block_size)
+
+            h = hmac.HMAC(key, data, digestmod=hash_name)
+            self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest().lower(), hexdigests[hashfunc])
+            self.assertEqual(h.name, hmac_name)
+            self.assertEqual(h.digest_size, digest_size)
+            self.assertEqual(h.block_size, block_size)
+
 
         # 4.2.  Test Case 1
         hmactest(key = b'\x0b'*20,
@@ -189,16 +232,16 @@ class TestVectorsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                  })
 
     def test_sha224_rfc4231(self):
-        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha224)
+        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha224, 'sha224', 28, 64)
 
     def test_sha256_rfc4231(self):
-        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha256)
+        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha256, 'sha256', 32, 64)
 
     def test_sha384_rfc4231(self):
-        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha384)
+        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha384, 'sha384', 48, 128)
 
     def test_sha512_rfc4231(self):
-        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha512)
+        self._rfc4231_test_cases(hashlib.sha512, 'sha512', 64, 128)
 
     def test_legacy_block_size_warnings(self):
         class MockCrazyHash(object):
@@ -222,46 +265,74 @@ class TestVectorsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 hmac.HMAC(b'a', b'b', digestmod=MockCrazyHash)
                 self.fail('Expected warning about small block_size')
 
+    def test_with_digestmod_warning(self):
+        with self.assertWarns(PendingDeprecationWarning):
+            key = b"\x0b" * 16
+            data = b"Hi There"
+            digest = "9294727A3638BB1C13F48EF8158BFC9D"
+            h = hmac.HMAC(key, data)
+            self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest().upper(), digest)
 
 
 class ConstructorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    @ignore_warning
     def test_normal(self):
         # Standard constructor call.
         failed = 0
         try:
             h = hmac.HMAC(b"key")
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.fail("Standard constructor call raised exception.")
 
+    @ignore_warning
     def test_with_str_key(self):
         # Pass a key of type str, which is an error, because it expects a key
         # of type bytes
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             h = hmac.HMAC("key")
 
+    @ignore_warning
     def test_dot_new_with_str_key(self):
         # Pass a key of type str, which is an error, because it expects a key
         # of type bytes
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             h = hmac.new("key")
 
+    @ignore_warning
     def test_withtext(self):
         # Constructor call with text.
         try:
             h = hmac.HMAC(b"key", b"hash this!")
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.fail("Constructor call with text argument raised exception.")
+        self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest(), '34325b639da4cfd95735b381e28cb864')
+
+    def test_with_bytearray(self):
+        try:
+            h = hmac.HMAC(bytearray(b"key"), bytearray(b"hash this!"),
+                          digestmod="md5")
+        except Exception:
+            self.fail("Constructor call with bytearray arguments raised exception.")
+        self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest(), '34325b639da4cfd95735b381e28cb864')
+
+    def test_with_memoryview_msg(self):
+        try:
+            h = hmac.HMAC(b"key", memoryview(b"hash this!"), digestmod="md5")
+        except Exception:
+            self.fail("Constructor call with memoryview msg raised exception.")
+        self.assertEqual(h.hexdigest(), '34325b639da4cfd95735b381e28cb864')
 
     def test_withmodule(self):
         # Constructor call with text and digest module.
         try:
             h = hmac.HMAC(b"key", b"", hashlib.sha1)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.fail("Constructor call with hashlib.sha1 raised exception.")
 
 class SanityTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    @ignore_warning
     def test_default_is_md5(self):
         # Testing if HMAC defaults to MD5 algorithm.
         # NOTE: this whitebox test depends on the hmac class internals
@@ -272,19 +343,19 @@ class SanityTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # Exercising all methods once.
         # This must not raise any exceptions
         try:
-            h = hmac.HMAC(b"my secret key")
+            h = hmac.HMAC(b"my secret key", digestmod="md5")
             h.update(b"compute the hash of this text!")
             dig = h.digest()
             dig = h.hexdigest()
             h2 = h.copy()
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.fail("Exception raised during normal usage of HMAC class.")
 
 class CopyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_attributes(self):
         # Testing if attributes are of same type.
-        h1 = hmac.HMAC(b"key")
+        h1 = hmac.HMAC(b"key", digestmod="md5")
         h2 = h1.copy()
         self.assertTrue(h1.digest_cons == h2.digest_cons,
             "digest constructors don't match.")
@@ -295,7 +366,7 @@ class CopyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_realcopy(self):
         # Testing if the copy method created a real copy.
-        h1 = hmac.HMAC(b"key")
+        h1 = hmac.HMAC(b"key", digestmod="md5")
         h2 = h1.copy()
         # Using id() in case somebody has overridden __eq__/__ne__.
         self.assertTrue(id(h1) != id(h2), "No real copy of the HMAC instance.")
@@ -306,7 +377,7 @@ class CopyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_equality(self):
         # Testing if the copy has the same digests.
-        h1 = hmac.HMAC(b"key")
+        h1 = hmac.HMAC(b"key", digestmod="md5")
         h1.update(b"some random text")
         h2 = h1.copy()
         self.assertEqual(h1.digest(), h2.digest(),
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_html.py b/Lib/test/test_html.py
index 30dac58e6d..5e9f382a2d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_html.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_html.py
@@ -16,9 +16,89 @@ class HtmlTests(unittest.TestCase):
             html.escape('\'<script>"&foo;"</script>\'', False),
             '\'&lt;script&gt;"&amp;foo;"&lt;/script&gt;\'')
 
+    def test_unescape(self):
+        numeric_formats = ['&#%d', '&#%d;', '&#x%x', '&#x%x;']
+        errmsg = 'unescape(%r) should have returned %r'
+        def check(text, expected):
+            self.assertEqual(html.unescape(text), expected,
+                             msg=errmsg % (text, expected))
+        def check_num(num, expected):
+            for format in numeric_formats:
+                text = format % num
+                self.assertEqual(html.unescape(text), expected,
+                                 msg=errmsg % (text, expected))
+        # check text with no character references
+        check('no character references', 'no character references')
+        # check & followed by invalid chars
+        check('&\n&\t& &&', '&\n&\t& &&')
+        # check & followed by numbers and letters
+        check('&0 &9 &a &0; &9; &a;', '&0 &9 &a &0; &9; &a;')
+        # check incomplete entities at the end of the string
+        for x in ['&', '&#', '&#x', '&#X', '&#y', '&#xy', '&#Xy']:
+            check(x, x)
+            check(x+';', x+';')
+        # check several combinations of numeric character references,
+        # possibly followed by different characters
+        formats = ['&#%d', '&#%07d', '&#%d;', '&#%07d;',
+                   '&#x%x', '&#x%06x', '&#x%x;', '&#x%06x;',
+                   '&#x%X', '&#x%06X', '&#X%x;', '&#X%06x;']
+        for num, char in zip([65, 97, 34, 38, 0x2603, 0x101234],
+                             ['A', 'a', '"', '&', '\u2603', '\U00101234']):
+            for s in formats:
+                check(s % num, char)
+                for end in [' ', 'X']:
+                    check((s+end) % num, char+end)
+        # check invalid codepoints
+        for cp in [0xD800, 0xDB00, 0xDC00, 0xDFFF, 0x110000]:
+            check_num(cp, '\uFFFD')
+        # check more invalid codepoints
+        for cp in [0x1, 0xb, 0xe, 0x7f, 0xfffe, 0xffff, 0x10fffe, 0x10ffff]:
+            check_num(cp, '')
+        # check invalid numbers
+        for num, ch in zip([0x0d, 0x80, 0x95, 0x9d], '\r\u20ac\u2022\x9d'):
+            check_num(num, ch)
+        # check small numbers
+        check_num(0, '\uFFFD')
+        check_num(9, '\t')
+        # check a big number
+        check_num(1000000000000000000, '\uFFFD')
+        # check that multiple trailing semicolons are handled correctly
+        for e in ['&quot;;', '&#34;;', '&#x22;;', '&#X22;;']:
+            check(e, '";')
+        # check that semicolons in the middle don't create problems
+        for e in ['&quot;quot;', '&#34;quot;', '&#x22;quot;', '&#X22;quot;']:
+            check(e, '"quot;')
+        # check triple adjacent charrefs
+        for e in ['&quot', '&#34', '&#x22', '&#X22']:
+            check(e*3, '"""')
+            check((e+';')*3, '"""')
+        # check that the case is respected
+        for e in ['&amp', '&amp;', '&AMP', '&AMP;']:
+            check(e, '&')
+        for e in ['&Amp', '&Amp;']:
+            check(e, e)
+        # check that non-existent named entities are returned unchanged
+        check('&svadilfari;', '&svadilfari;')
+        # the following examples are in the html5 specs
+        check('&notit', '¬it')
+        check('&notit;', '¬it;')
+        check('&notin', '¬in')
+        check('&notin;', '∉')
+        # a similar example with a long name
+        check('&notReallyAnExistingNamedCharacterReference;',
+              '¬ReallyAnExistingNamedCharacterReference;')
+        # longest valid name
+        check('&CounterClockwiseContourIntegral;', '∳')
+        # check a charref that maps to two unicode chars
+        check('&acE;', '\u223E\u0333')
+        check('&acE', '&acE')
+        # see #12888
+        check('&#123; ' * 1050, '{ ' * 1050)
+        # see #15156
+        check('&Eacuteric&Eacute;ric&alphacentauri&alpha;centauri',
+              'ÉricÉric&alphacentauriαcentauri')
+        check('&co;', '&co;')
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(HtmlTests)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_htmlparser.py b/Lib/test/test_htmlparser.py
index 11d9c9ce8b..2d771a2a97 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_htmlparser.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_htmlparser.py
@@ -70,6 +70,18 @@ class EventCollectorExtra(EventCollector):
         self.append(("starttag_text", self.get_starttag_text()))
 
 
+class EventCollectorCharrefs(EventCollector):
+
+    def get_events(self):
+        return self.events
+
+    def handle_charref(self, data):
+        self.fail('This should never be called with convert_charrefs=True')
+
+    def handle_entityref(self, data):
+        self.fail('This should never be called with convert_charrefs=True')
+
+
 class TestCaseBase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def get_collector(self):
@@ -84,26 +96,30 @@ class TestCaseBase(unittest.TestCase):
         parser.close()
         events = parser.get_events()
         if events != expected_events:
-            self.fail("received events did not match expected events\n"
-                      "Expected:\n" + pprint.pformat(expected_events) +
+            self.fail("received events did not match expected events" +
+                      "\nSource:\n" + repr(source) +
+                      "\nExpected:\n" + pprint.pformat(expected_events) +
                       "\nReceived:\n" + pprint.pformat(events))
 
     def _run_check_extra(self, source, events):
-        self._run_check(source, events, EventCollectorExtra())
+        self._run_check(source, events,
+                        EventCollectorExtra(convert_charrefs=False))
 
     def _parse_error(self, source):
         def parse(source=source):
             parser = self.get_collector()
             parser.feed(source)
             parser.close()
-        self.assertRaises(html.parser.HTMLParseError, parse)
+        with self.assertRaises(html.parser.HTMLParseError):
+            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+                parse()
 
 
 class HTMLParserStrictTestCase(TestCaseBase):
 
     def get_collector(self):
         with support.check_warnings(("", DeprecationWarning), quite=False):
-            return EventCollector(strict=True)
+            return EventCollector(strict=True, convert_charrefs=False)
 
     def test_processing_instruction_only(self):
         self._run_check("<?processing instruction>", [
@@ -339,7 +355,7 @@ text
             self._run_check(s, [("starttag", element_lower, []),
                                 ("data", content),
                                 ("endtag", element_lower)],
-                            collector=Collector())
+                            collector=Collector(convert_charrefs=False))
 
     def test_comments(self):
         html = ("<!-- I'm a valid comment -->"
@@ -367,11 +383,60 @@ text
                     ('comment', '[if lte IE 7]>pretty?<![endif]')]
         self._run_check(html, expected)
 
+    def test_convert_charrefs(self):
+        collector = lambda: EventCollectorCharrefs(convert_charrefs=True)
+        self.assertTrue(collector().convert_charrefs)
+        charrefs = ['&quot;', '&#34;', '&#x22;', '&quot', '&#34', '&#x22']
+        # check charrefs in the middle of the text/attributes
+        expected = [('starttag', 'a', [('href', 'foo"zar')]),
+                    ('data', 'a"z'), ('endtag', 'a')]
+        for charref in charrefs:
+            self._run_check('<a href="foo{0}zar">a{0}z</a>'.format(charref),
+                            expected, collector=collector())
+        # check charrefs at the beginning/end of the text/attributes
+        expected = [('data', '"'),
+                    ('starttag', 'a', [('x', '"'), ('y', '"X'), ('z', 'X"')]),
+                    ('data', '"'), ('endtag', 'a'), ('data', '"')]
+        for charref in charrefs:
+            self._run_check('{0}<a x="{0}" y="{0}X" z="X{0}">'
+                            '{0}</a>{0}'.format(charref),
+                            expected, collector=collector())
+        # check charrefs in <script>/<style> elements
+        for charref in charrefs:
+            text = 'X'.join([charref]*3)
+            expected = [('data', '"'),
+                        ('starttag', 'script', []), ('data', text),
+                        ('endtag', 'script'), ('data', '"'),
+                        ('starttag', 'style', []), ('data', text),
+                        ('endtag', 'style'), ('data', '"')]
+            self._run_check('{1}<script>{0}</script>{1}'
+                            '<style>{0}</style>{1}'.format(text, charref),
+                            expected, collector=collector())
+        # check truncated charrefs at the end of the file
+        html = '&quo &# &#x'
+        for x in range(1, len(html)):
+            self._run_check(html[:x], [('data', html[:x])],
+                            collector=collector())
+        # check a string with no charrefs
+        self._run_check('no charrefs here', [('data', 'no charrefs here')],
+                        collector=collector())
+
 
 class HTMLParserTolerantTestCase(HTMLParserStrictTestCase):
 
     def get_collector(self):
-        return EventCollector(strict=False)
+        return EventCollector(convert_charrefs=False)
+
+    def test_deprecation_warnings(self):
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            EventCollector()  # convert_charrefs not passed explicitly
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            EventCollector(strict=True)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            EventCollector(strict=False)
+        with self.assertRaises(html.parser.HTMLParseError):
+            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+                EventCollector().error('test')
 
     def test_tolerant_parsing(self):
         self._run_check('<html <html>te>>xt&a<<bc</a></html>\n'
@@ -564,17 +629,12 @@ class HTMLParserTolerantTestCase(HTMLParserStrictTestCase):
         for html, expected in data:
             self._run_check(html, expected)
 
-    def test_unescape_function(self):
+    def test_unescape_method(self):
+        from html import unescape
         p = self.get_collector()
-        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&#bad;'),'&#bad;')
-        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&#0038;'),'&')
-        # see #12888
-        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&#123; ' * 1050), '{ ' * 1050)
-        # see #15156
-        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&Eacuteric&Eacute;ric'
-                                    '&alphacentauri&alpha;centauri'),
-                                    'ÉricÉric&alphacentauriαcentauri')
-        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&co;'), '&co;')
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            s = '&quot;&#34;&#x22;&quot&#34&#x22&#bad;'
+            self.assertEqual(p.unescape(s), unescape(s))
 
     def test_broken_comments(self):
         html = ('<! not really a comment >'
@@ -630,7 +690,7 @@ class AttributesStrictTestCase(TestCaseBase):
 
     def get_collector(self):
         with support.check_warnings(("", DeprecationWarning), quite=False):
-            return EventCollector(strict=True)
+            return EventCollector(strict=True, convert_charrefs=False)
 
     def test_attr_syntax(self):
         output = [
@@ -691,7 +751,7 @@ class AttributesStrictTestCase(TestCaseBase):
 class AttributesTolerantTestCase(AttributesStrictTestCase):
 
     def get_collector(self):
-        return EventCollector(strict=False)
+        return EventCollector(convert_charrefs=False)
 
     def test_attr_funky_names2(self):
         self._run_check(
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_httplib.py b/Lib/test/test_httplib.py
index c8ded92478..30b6c0cfcb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_httplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_httplib.py
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ class FakeSocket:
         self.text = text
         self.fileclass = fileclass
         self.data = b''
+        self.sendall_calls = 0
 
     def sendall(self, data):
+        self.sendall_calls += 1
         self.data += data
 
     def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=None):
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ class EPipeSocket(FakeSocket):
 
     def sendall(self, data):
         if self.pipe_trigger in data:
-            raise socket.error(errno.EPIPE, "gotcha")
+            raise OSError(errno.EPIPE, "gotcha")
         self.data += data
 
     def close(self):
@@ -600,7 +602,7 @@ class BasicTest(TestCase):
             b"Content-Length")
         conn = client.HTTPConnection("example.com")
         conn.sock = sock
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error,
+        self.assertRaises(OSError,
                           lambda: conn.request("PUT", "/url", "body"))
         resp = conn.getresponse()
         self.assertEqual(401, resp.status)
@@ -646,6 +648,28 @@ class BasicTest(TestCase):
         resp.close()
         self.assertTrue(resp.closed)
 
+    def test_delayed_ack_opt(self):
+        # Test that Nagle/delayed_ack optimistaion works correctly.
+
+        # For small payloads, it should coalesce the body with
+        # headers, resulting in a single sendall() call
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+        sock = FakeSocket(None)
+        conn.sock = sock
+        body = b'x' * (conn.mss - 1)
+        conn.request('POST', '/', body)
+        self.assertEqual(sock.sendall_calls, 1)
+
+        # For large payloads, it should send the headers and
+        # then the body, resulting in more than one sendall()
+        # call
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+        sock = FakeSocket(None)
+        conn.sock = sock
+        body = b'x' * conn.mss
+        conn.request('POST', '/', body)
+        self.assertGreater(sock.sendall_calls, 1)
+
 class OfflineTest(TestCase):
     def test_responses(self):
         self.assertEqual(client.responses[client.NOT_FOUND], "Not Found")
@@ -736,7 +760,7 @@ class HTTPSTest(TestCase):
 
     def make_server(self, certfile):
         from test.ssl_servers import make_https_server
-        return make_https_server(self, certfile)
+        return make_https_server(self, certfile=certfile)
 
     def test_attributes(self):
         # simple test to check it's storing the timeout
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_httpservers.py b/Lib/test/test_httpservers.py
index 4e62963725..15694afd1d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_httpservers.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_httpservers.py
@@ -92,6 +92,13 @@ class BaseHTTPServerTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         def do_KEYERROR(self):
             self.send_error(999)
 
+        def do_NOTFOUND(self):
+            self.send_error(404)
+
+        def do_EXPLAINERROR(self):
+            self.send_error(999, "Short Message",
+                            "This is a long \n explaination")
+
         def do_CUSTOM(self):
             self.send_response(999)
             self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html')
@@ -203,6 +210,12 @@ class BaseHTTPServerTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         res = self.con.getresponse()
         self.assertEqual(res.status, 999)
 
+    def test_return_explain_error(self):
+        self.con.request('EXPLAINERROR', '/')
+        res = self.con.getresponse()
+        self.assertEqual(res.status, 999)
+        self.assertTrue(int(res.getheader('Content-Length')))
+
     def test_latin1_header(self):
         self.con.request('LATINONEHEADER', '/', headers={
             'X-Special-Incoming':       'Ärger mit Unicode'
@@ -211,6 +224,14 @@ class BaseHTTPServerTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res.getheader('X-Special'), 'Dängerous Mind')
         self.assertEqual(res.read(), 'Ärger mit Unicode'.encode('utf-8'))
 
+    def test_error_content_length(self):
+        # Issue #16088: standard error responses should have a content-length
+        self.con.request('NOTFOUND', '/')
+        res = self.con.getresponse()
+        self.assertEqual(res.status, 404)
+        data = res.read()
+        self.assertEqual(int(res.getheader('Content-Length')), len(data))
+
 
 class SimpleHTTPServerTestCase(BaseTestCase):
     class request_handler(NoLogRequestHandler, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py b/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
index 7c9afd9f39..5e0eaeab2b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_imaplib.py
@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ try:
     import ssl
 except ImportError:
     ssl = None
+    HAS_SNI = False
+else:
+    from ssl import HAS_SNI
 
 CERTFILE = None
+CAFILE = None
 
 
 class TestImaplib(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ class SimpleIMAPHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler):
                         # Naked sockets return empty strings..
                         return
                     line += part
-                except IOError:
+                except OSError:
                     # ..but SSLSockets raise exceptions.
                     return
                 if line.endswith(b'\r\n'):
@@ -347,6 +351,26 @@ class ThreadedNetworkedTestsSSL(BaseThreadedNetworkedTests):
     server_class = SecureTCPServer
     imap_class = IMAP4_SSL
 
+    @reap_threads
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    def test_ssl_verified(self):
+        ssl_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        ssl_context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        ssl_context.check_hostname = True
+        ssl_context.load_verify_locations(CAFILE)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.CertificateError,
+                                    "hostname '127.0.0.1' doesn't match 'localhost'"):
+            with self.reaped_server(SimpleIMAPHandler) as server:
+                client = self.imap_class(*server.server_address,
+                                         ssl_context=ssl_context)
+                client.shutdown()
+
+        with self.reaped_server(SimpleIMAPHandler) as server:
+            client = self.imap_class("localhost", server.server_address[1],
+                                     ssl_context=ssl_context)
+            client.shutdown()
+
 
 class RemoteIMAPTest(unittest.TestCase):
     host = 'cyrus.andrew.cmu.edu'
@@ -459,11 +483,15 @@ def load_tests(*args):
 
     if support.is_resource_enabled('network'):
         if ssl:
-            global CERTFILE
+            global CERTFILE, CAFILE
             CERTFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir,
-                                    "keycert.pem")
+                                    "keycert3.pem")
             if not os.path.exists(CERTFILE):
                 raise support.TestFailed("Can't read certificate files!")
+            CAFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir,
+                                 "pycacert.pem")
+            if not os.path.exists(CAFILE):
+                raise support.TestFailed("Can't read CA file!")
         tests.extend([
             ThreadedNetworkedTests, ThreadedNetworkedTestsSSL,
             RemoteIMAPTest, RemoteIMAP_SSLTest, RemoteIMAP_STARTTLSTest,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_imp.py b/Lib/test/test_imp.py
index 71c220f03e..024f43894b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_imp.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_imp.py
@@ -1,14 +1,29 @@
-import imp
+try:
+    import _thread
+except ImportError:
+    _thread = None
 import importlib
 import os
 import os.path
 import shutil
 import sys
 from test import support
-from test.test_importlib import util
 import unittest
 import warnings
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', PendingDeprecationWarning)
+    import imp
 
+
+def requires_load_dynamic(meth):
+    """Decorator to skip a test if not running under CPython or lacking
+    imp.load_dynamic()."""
+    meth = support.cpython_only(meth)
+    return unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(imp, 'load_dynamic'),
+                           'imp.load_dynamic() required')(meth)
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(_thread is None, '_thread module is required')
 class LockTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     """Very basic test of import lock functions."""
@@ -150,7 +165,7 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertIsNotNone(file)
                 self.assertTrue(filename[:-3].endswith(temp_mod_name))
                 self.assertEqual(info[0], '.py')
-                self.assertEqual(info[1], 'U')
+                self.assertEqual(info[1], 'r')
                 self.assertEqual(info[2], imp.PY_SOURCE)
 
                 mod = imp.load_module(temp_mod_name, file, filename, info)
@@ -208,9 +223,7 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertIs(orig_path, new_os.path)
             self.assertIsNot(orig_getenv, new_os.getenv)
 
-    @support.cpython_only
-    @unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(imp, 'load_dynamic'),
-                     'imp.load_dynamic() required')
+    @requires_load_dynamic
     def test_issue15828_load_extensions(self):
         # Issue 15828 picked up that the adapter between the old imp API
         # and importlib couldn't handle C extensions
@@ -222,6 +235,22 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
         mod = imp.load_module(example, *x)
         self.assertEqual(mod.__name__, example)
 
+    @requires_load_dynamic
+    def test_issue16421_multiple_modules_in_one_dll(self):
+        # Issue 16421: loading several modules from the same compiled file fails
+        m = '_testimportmultiple'
+        fileobj, pathname, description = imp.find_module(m)
+        fileobj.close()
+        mod0 = imp.load_dynamic(m, pathname)
+        mod1 = imp.load_dynamic('_testimportmultiple_foo', pathname)
+        mod2 = imp.load_dynamic('_testimportmultiple_bar', pathname)
+        self.assertEqual(mod0.__name__, m)
+        self.assertEqual(mod1.__name__, '_testimportmultiple_foo')
+        self.assertEqual(mod2.__name__, '_testimportmultiple_bar')
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            imp.load_dynamic('nonexistent', pathname)
+
+    @requires_load_dynamic
     def test_load_dynamic_ImportError_path(self):
         # Issue #1559549 added `name` and `path` attributes to ImportError
         # in order to provide better detail. Issue #10854 implemented those
@@ -233,14 +262,12 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(path, err.exception.path)
         self.assertEqual(name, err.exception.name)
 
-    @support.cpython_only
-    @unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(imp, 'load_dynamic'),
-                     'imp.load_dynamic() required')
+    @requires_load_dynamic
     def test_load_module_extension_file_is_None(self):
         # When loading an extension module and the file is None, open one
         # on the behalf of imp.load_dynamic().
         # Issue #15902
-        name = '_heapq'
+        name = '_testimportmultiple'
         found = imp.find_module(name)
         if found[0] is not None:
             found[0].close()
@@ -248,6 +275,15 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.skipTest("found module doesn't appear to be a C extension")
         imp.load_module(name, None, *found[1:])
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.dont_write_bytecode,
+        "test meaningful only when writing bytecode")
+    def test_bug7732(self):
+        with support.temp_cwd():
+            source = support.TESTFN + '.py'
+            os.mkdir(source)
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(ImportError, '^No module',
+                imp.find_module, support.TESTFN, ["."])
+
     def test_multiple_calls_to_get_data(self):
         # Issue #18755: make sure multiple calls to get_data() can succeed.
         loader = imp._LoadSourceCompatibility('imp', imp.__file__,
@@ -293,22 +329,6 @@ class ReloadTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ImportError, 'html'):
             imp.reload(parser)
 
-    def test_module_replaced(self):
-        # see #18698
-        def code():
-            module = type(sys)('top_level')
-            module.spam = 3
-            sys.modules['top_level'] = module
-        mock = util.mock_modules('top_level',
-                                 module_code={'top_level': code})
-        with mock:
-            with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                module = importlib.import_module('top_level')
-                reloaded = imp.reload(module)
-                actual = sys.modules['top_level']
-                self.assertEqual(actual.spam, 3)
-                self.assertEqual(reloaded.spam, 3)
-
 
 class PEP3147Tests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests of PEP 3147."""
@@ -461,20 +481,5 @@ class NullImporterTests(unittest.TestCase):
             os.rmdir(name)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    tests = [
-        ImportTests,
-        PEP3147Tests,
-        ReloadTests,
-        NullImporterTests,
-        ]
-    try:
-        import _thread
-    except ImportError:
-        pass
-    else:
-        tests.append(LockTests)
-    support.run_unittest(*tests)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_import.py b/Lib/test/test_import.py
index df08e6a86f..bda1541fdb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_import.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_import.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 # We import importlib *ASAP* in order to test #15386
 import importlib
+import importlib.util
 from importlib._bootstrap import _get_sourcefile
 import builtins
-import imp
-from test.test_importlib.import_ import util as importlib_util
 import marshal
 import os
 import platform
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ import test.support
 from test.support import (
     EnvironmentVarGuard, TESTFN, check_warnings, forget, is_jython,
     make_legacy_pyc, rmtree, run_unittest, swap_attr, swap_item, temp_umask,
-    unlink, unload, create_empty_file, cpython_only)
+    unlink, unload, create_empty_file, cpython_only, TESTFN_UNENCODABLE)
 from test import script_helper
 
 
@@ -70,8 +69,6 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         unload(TESTFN)
 
-    setUp = tearDown
-
     def test_case_sensitivity(self):
         # Brief digression to test that import is case-sensitive:  if we got
         # this far, we know for sure that "random" exists.
@@ -129,16 +126,6 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             del sys.path[0]
 
-    @skip_if_dont_write_bytecode
-    def test_bug7732(self):
-        source = TESTFN + '.py'
-        os.mkdir(source)
-        try:
-            self.assertRaisesRegex(ImportError, '^No module',
-                imp.find_module, TESTFN, ["."])
-        finally:
-            os.rmdir(source)
-
     def test_module_with_large_stack(self, module='longlist'):
         # Regression test for http://bugs.python.org/issue561858.
         filename = module + '.py'
@@ -161,16 +148,24 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
         sys.path.append('')
         importlib.invalidate_caches()
 
+        namespace = {}
         try:
             make_legacy_pyc(filename)
             # This used to crash.
-            exec('import ' + module)
+            exec('import ' + module, None, namespace)
         finally:
             # Cleanup.
             del sys.path[-1]
             unlink(filename + 'c')
             unlink(filename + 'o')
 
+            # Remove references to the module (unload the module)
+            namespace.clear()
+            try:
+                del sys.modules[module]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+
     def test_failing_import_sticks(self):
         source = TESTFN + ".py"
         with open(source, "w") as f:
@@ -225,7 +220,7 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
             with open(source, "w") as f:
                 f.write("a = 10\nb=20//0\n")
 
-            self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, imp.reload, mod)
+            self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, importlib.reload, mod)
             # But we still expect the module to be in sys.modules.
             mod = sys.modules.get(TESTFN)
             self.assertIsNot(mod, None, "expected module to be in sys.modules")
@@ -280,7 +275,7 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
             import sys
             class C:
                def __del__(self):
-                  import imp
+                  import importlib
             sys.argv.insert(0, C())
             """))
         script_helper.assert_python_ok(testfn)
@@ -291,7 +286,7 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
         sys.path.insert(0, os.curdir)
         try:
             source = TESTFN + ".py"
-            compiled = imp.cache_from_source(source)
+            compiled = importlib.util.cache_from_source(source)
             with open(source, 'w') as f:
                 pass
             try:
@@ -322,6 +317,14 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
         stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
         self.assertIn(b"ImportError", stdout)
 
+    def test_from_import_message_for_nonexistent_module(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ImportError, "^No module named 'bogus'"):
+            from bogus import foo
+
+    def test_from_import_message_for_existing_module(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ImportError, "^cannot import name 'bogus'"):
+            from re import bogus
+
 
 @skip_if_dont_write_bytecode
 class FilePermissionTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -332,7 +335,7 @@ class FilePermissionTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_creation_mode(self):
         mask = 0o022
         with temp_umask(mask), _ready_to_import() as (name, path):
-            cached_path = imp.cache_from_source(path)
+            cached_path = importlib.util.cache_from_source(path)
             module = __import__(name)
             if not os.path.exists(cached_path):
                 self.fail("__import__ did not result in creation of "
@@ -350,7 +353,7 @@ class FilePermissionTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # permissions of .pyc should match those of .py, regardless of mask
         mode = 0o600
         with temp_umask(0o022), _ready_to_import() as (name, path):
-            cached_path = imp.cache_from_source(path)
+            cached_path = importlib.util.cache_from_source(path)
             os.chmod(path, mode)
             __import__(name)
             if not os.path.exists(cached_path):
@@ -365,7 +368,7 @@ class FilePermissionTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_cached_readonly(self):
         mode = 0o400
         with temp_umask(0o022), _ready_to_import() as (name, path):
-            cached_path = imp.cache_from_source(path)
+            cached_path = importlib.util.cache_from_source(path)
             os.chmod(path, mode)
             __import__(name)
             if not os.path.exists(cached_path):
@@ -405,7 +408,7 @@ class FilePermissionTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 bytecode_only = path + "c"
             else:
                 bytecode_only = path + "o"
-            os.rename(imp.cache_from_source(path), bytecode_only)
+            os.rename(importlib.util.cache_from_source(path), bytecode_only)
             m = __import__(name)
             self.assertEqual(m.x, 'rewritten')
 
@@ -427,7 +430,7 @@ func_filename = func.__code__.co_filename
 """
     dir_name = os.path.abspath(TESTFN)
     file_name = os.path.join(dir_name, module_name) + os.extsep + "py"
-    compiled_name = imp.cache_from_source(file_name)
+    compiled_name = importlib.util.cache_from_source(file_name)
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.sys_path = sys.path[:]
@@ -488,7 +491,7 @@ func_filename = func.__code__.co_filename
             header = f.read(12)
             code = marshal.load(f)
         constants = list(code.co_consts)
-        foreign_code = test_main.__code__
+        foreign_code = importlib.import_module.__code__
         pos = constants.index(1)
         constants[pos] = foreign_code
         code = type(code)(code.co_argcount, code.co_kwonlyargcount,
@@ -630,7 +633,7 @@ class OverridingImportBuiltinTests(unittest.TestCase):
 class PycacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
     # Test the various PEP 3147 related behaviors.
 
-    tag = imp.get_tag()
+    tag = sys.implementation.cache_tag
 
     def _clean(self):
         forget(TESTFN)
@@ -678,10 +681,11 @@ class PycacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # With PEP 3147 cache layout, removing the source but leaving the pyc
         # file does not satisfy the import.
         __import__(TESTFN)
-        pyc_file = imp.cache_from_source(self.source)
+        pyc_file = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.source)
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(pyc_file))
         os.remove(self.source)
         forget(TESTFN)
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()
         self.assertRaises(ImportError, __import__, TESTFN)
 
     @skip_if_dont_write_bytecode
@@ -703,7 +707,7 @@ class PycacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test___cached__(self):
         # Modules now also have an __cached__ that points to the pyc file.
         m = __import__(TESTFN)
-        pyc_file = imp.cache_from_source(TESTFN + '.py')
+        pyc_file = importlib.util.cache_from_source(TESTFN + '.py')
         self.assertEqual(m.__cached__, os.path.join(os.curdir, pyc_file))
 
     @skip_if_dont_write_bytecode
@@ -738,10 +742,10 @@ class PycacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
         importlib.invalidate_caches()
         m = __import__('pep3147.foo')
-        init_pyc = imp.cache_from_source(
+        init_pyc = importlib.util.cache_from_source(
             os.path.join('pep3147', '__init__.py'))
         self.assertEqual(m.__cached__, os.path.join(os.curdir, init_pyc))
-        foo_pyc = imp.cache_from_source(os.path.join('pep3147', 'foo.py'))
+        foo_pyc = importlib.util.cache_from_source(os.path.join('pep3147', 'foo.py'))
         self.assertEqual(sys.modules['pep3147.foo'].__cached__,
                          os.path.join(os.curdir, foo_pyc))
 
@@ -765,10 +769,10 @@ class PycacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
         unload('pep3147')
         importlib.invalidate_caches()
         m = __import__('pep3147.foo')
-        init_pyc = imp.cache_from_source(
+        init_pyc = importlib.util.cache_from_source(
             os.path.join('pep3147', '__init__.py'))
         self.assertEqual(m.__cached__, os.path.join(os.curdir, init_pyc))
-        foo_pyc = imp.cache_from_source(os.path.join('pep3147', 'foo.py'))
+        foo_pyc = importlib.util.cache_from_source(os.path.join('pep3147', 'foo.py'))
         self.assertEqual(sys.modules['pep3147.foo'].__cached__,
                          os.path.join(os.curdir, foo_pyc))
 
@@ -852,7 +856,6 @@ class ImportlibBootstrapTests(unittest.TestCase):
         from importlib import machinery
         mod = sys.modules['_frozen_importlib']
         self.assertIs(machinery.FileFinder, mod.FileFinder)
-        self.assertIs(imp.new_module, mod.new_module)
 
 
 @cpython_only
@@ -1033,11 +1036,14 @@ class ImportTracebackTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # away from the traceback.
         self.create_module("foo", "")
         importlib = sys.modules['_frozen_importlib']
-        old_load_module = importlib.SourceLoader.load_module
+        if 'load_module' in vars(importlib.SourceLoader):
+            old_exec_module = importlib.SourceLoader.exec_module
+        else:
+            old_exec_module = None
         try:
-            def load_module(*args):
+            def exec_module(*args):
                 1/0
-            importlib.SourceLoader.load_module = load_module
+            importlib.SourceLoader.exec_module = exec_module
             try:
                 import foo
             except ZeroDivisionError as e:
@@ -1046,19 +1052,21 @@ class ImportTracebackTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.fail("ZeroDivisionError should have been raised")
             self.assert_traceback(tb, [__file__, '<frozen importlib', __file__])
         finally:
-            importlib.SourceLoader.load_module = old_load_module
-
+            if old_exec_module is None:
+                del importlib.SourceLoader.exec_module
+            else:
+                importlib.SourceLoader.exec_module = old_exec_module
 
-def test_main(verbose=None):
-    run_unittest(ImportTests, PycacheTests, FilePermissionTests,
-                 PycRewritingTests, PathsTests, RelativeImportTests,
-                 OverridingImportBuiltinTests,
-                 ImportlibBootstrapTests, GetSourcefileTests,
-                 TestSymbolicallyLinkedPackage,
-                 ImportTracebackTests)
+    @unittest.skipUnless(TESTFN_UNENCODABLE, 'need TESTFN_UNENCODABLE')
+    def test_unencodable_filename(self):
+        # Issue #11619: The Python parser and the import machinery must not
+        # encode filenames, especially on Windows
+        pyname = script_helper.make_script('', TESTFN_UNENCODABLE, 'pass')
+        name = pyname[:-3]
+        script_helper.assert_python_ok("-c", "mod = __import__(%a)" % name,
+                                       __isolated=False)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Test needs to be a package, so we can do relative imports.
-    from test.test_import import test_main
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importhooks.py b/Lib/test/test_importhooks.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a22d1a186..0000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importhooks.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-import imp
-import os
-import unittest
-from test import support
-
-
-test_src = """\
-def get_name():
-    return __name__
-def get_file():
-    return __file__
-"""
-
-absimp = "import sub\n"
-relimp = "from . import sub\n"
-deeprelimp = "from .... import sub\n"
-futimp = "from __future__ import absolute_import\n"
-
-reload_src = test_src+"""\
-reloaded = True
-"""
-
-test_co = compile(test_src, "<???>", "exec")
-reload_co = compile(reload_src, "<???>", "exec")
-
-test2_oldabs_co = compile(absimp + test_src, "<???>", "exec")
-test2_newabs_co = compile(futimp + absimp + test_src, "<???>", "exec")
-test2_newrel_co = compile(relimp + test_src, "<???>", "exec")
-test2_deeprel_co = compile(deeprelimp + test_src, "<???>", "exec")
-test2_futrel_co = compile(futimp + relimp + test_src, "<???>", "exec")
-
-test_path = "!!!_test_!!!"
-
-
-class TestImporter:
-
-    modules = {
-        "hooktestmodule": (False, test_co),
-        "hooktestpackage": (True, test_co),
-        "hooktestpackage.sub": (True, test_co),
-        "hooktestpackage.sub.subber": (True, test_co),
-        "hooktestpackage.oldabs": (False, test2_oldabs_co),
-        "hooktestpackage.newabs": (False, test2_newabs_co),
-        "hooktestpackage.newrel": (False, test2_newrel_co),
-        "hooktestpackage.sub.subber.subest": (True, test2_deeprel_co),
-        "hooktestpackage.futrel": (False, test2_futrel_co),
-        "sub": (False, test_co),
-        "reloadmodule": (False, test_co),
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, path=test_path):
-        if path != test_path:
-            # if our class is on sys.path_hooks, we must raise
-            # ImportError for any path item that we can't handle.
-            raise ImportError
-        self.path = path
-
-    def _get__path__(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
-        if fullname in self.modules:
-            return self
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    def load_module(self, fullname):
-        ispkg, code = self.modules[fullname]
-        mod = sys.modules.setdefault(fullname,imp.new_module(fullname))
-        mod.__file__ = "<%s>" % self.__class__.__name__
-        mod.__loader__ = self
-        if ispkg:
-            mod.__path__ = self._get__path__()
-        exec(code, mod.__dict__)
-        return mod
-
-
-class MetaImporter(TestImporter):
-    def _get__path__(self):
-        return []
-
-class PathImporter(TestImporter):
-    def _get__path__(self):
-        return [self.path]
-
-
-class ImportBlocker:
-    """Place an ImportBlocker instance on sys.meta_path and you
-    can be sure the modules you specified can't be imported, even
-    if it's a builtin."""
-    def __init__(self, *namestoblock):
-        self.namestoblock = dict.fromkeys(namestoblock)
-    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
-        if fullname in self.namestoblock:
-            return self
-        return None
-    def load_module(self, fullname):
-        raise ImportError("I dare you")
-
-
-class ImpWrapper:
-
-    def __init__(self, path=None):
-        if path is not None and not os.path.isdir(path):
-            raise ImportError
-        self.path = path
-
-    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
-        subname = fullname.split(".")[-1]
-        if subname != fullname and self.path is None:
-            return None
-        if self.path is None:
-            path = None
-        else:
-            path = [self.path]
-        try:
-            file, filename, stuff = imp.find_module(subname, path)
-        except ImportError:
-            return None
-        return ImpLoader(file, filename, stuff)
-
-
-class ImpLoader:
-
-    def __init__(self, file, filename, stuff):
-        self.file = file
-        self.filename = filename
-        self.stuff = stuff
-
-    def load_module(self, fullname):
-        mod = imp.load_module(fullname, self.file, self.filename, self.stuff)
-        if self.file:
-            self.file.close()
-        mod.__loader__ = self  # for introspection
-        return mod
-
-
-class ImportHooksBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.path = sys.path[:]
-        self.meta_path = sys.meta_path[:]
-        self.path_hooks = sys.path_hooks[:]
-        sys.path_importer_cache.clear()
-        self.modules_before = support.modules_setup()
-
-    def tearDown(self):
-        sys.path[:] = self.path
-        sys.meta_path[:] = self.meta_path
-        sys.path_hooks[:] = self.path_hooks
-        sys.path_importer_cache.clear()
-        support.modules_cleanup(*self.modules_before)
-
-
-class ImportHooksTestCase(ImportHooksBaseTestCase):
-
-    def doTestImports(self, importer=None):
-        import hooktestmodule
-        import hooktestpackage
-        import hooktestpackage.sub
-        import hooktestpackage.sub.subber
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestmodule.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestmodule")
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage")
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.sub.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage.sub")
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.sub.subber.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage.sub.subber")
-        if importer:
-            self.assertEqual(hooktestmodule.__loader__, importer)
-            self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.__loader__, importer)
-            self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.sub.__loader__, importer)
-            self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.sub.subber.__loader__, importer)
-
-        TestImporter.modules['reloadmodule'] = (False, test_co)
-        import reloadmodule
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(reloadmodule,'reloaded'))
-
-        import hooktestpackage.newrel
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.newrel.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage.newrel")
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.newrel.sub,
-                         hooktestpackage.sub)
-
-        import hooktestpackage.sub.subber.subest as subest
-        self.assertEqual(subest.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage.sub.subber.subest")
-        self.assertEqual(subest.sub,
-                         hooktestpackage.sub)
-
-        import hooktestpackage.futrel
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.futrel.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage.futrel")
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.futrel.sub,
-                         hooktestpackage.sub)
-
-        import sub
-        self.assertEqual(sub.get_name(), "sub")
-
-        import hooktestpackage.oldabs
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.oldabs.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage.oldabs")
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.oldabs.sub, sub)
-
-        import hooktestpackage.newabs
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.newabs.get_name(),
-                         "hooktestpackage.newabs")
-        self.assertEqual(hooktestpackage.newabs.sub, sub)
-
-    def testMetaPath(self):
-        i = MetaImporter()
-        sys.meta_path.append(i)
-        self.doTestImports(i)
-
-    def testPathHook(self):
-        sys.path_hooks.insert(0, PathImporter)
-        sys.path.append(test_path)
-        self.doTestImports()
-
-    def testBlocker(self):
-        mname = "exceptions"  # an arbitrary harmless builtin module
-        support.unload(mname)
-        sys.meta_path.append(ImportBlocker(mname))
-        self.assertRaises(ImportError, __import__, mname)
-
-    def testImpWrapper(self):
-        i = ImpWrapper()
-        sys.meta_path.append(i)
-        sys.path_hooks.insert(0, ImpWrapper)
-        mnames = (
-            "colorsys", "urllib.parse", "distutils.core", "sys",
-        )
-        for mname in mnames:
-            parent = mname.split(".")[0]
-            for n in list(sys.modules):
-                if n.startswith(parent):
-                    del sys.modules[n]
-        for mname in mnames:
-            m = __import__(mname, globals(), locals(), ["__dummy__"])
-            # to make sure we actually handled the import
-            self.assertTrue(hasattr(m, "__loader__"))
-
-
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(ImportHooksTestCase)
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/__main__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/__main__.py
index c39712871f..14bd5bc017 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/__main__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/__main__.py
@@ -4,17 +4,6 @@ Specifying the ``--builtin`` flag will run tests, where applicable, with
 builtins.__import__ instead of importlib.__import__.
 
 """
-from . import test_main
-
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import argparse
-
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Execute the importlib test '
-                                                  'suite')
-    parser.add_argument('-b', '--builtin', action='store_true', default=False,
-                        help='use builtins.__import__() instead of importlib')
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    if args.builtin:
-        util.using___import__ = True
+    from . import test_main
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/abc.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/abc.py
index 2c17ac329b..2070dadc23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/abc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/abc.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import abc
 import unittest
 
 
-class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+class FinderTests(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     """Basic tests for a finder to pass."""
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         pass
 
 
-class LoaderTests(unittest.TestCase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+class LoaderTests(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def test_module(self):
@@ -81,11 +81,6 @@ class LoaderTests(unittest.TestCase, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         pass
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def test_module_reuse(self):
-        """If a module is already in sys.modules, it should be reused."""
-        pass
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
     def test_state_after_failure(self):
         """If a module is already in sys.modules and a reload fails
         (e.g. a SyntaxError), the module should be in the state it was before
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_finder.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_finder.py
index da0ef28589..934562feb6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_finder.py
@@ -1,11 +1,53 @@
-from importlib import machinery
 from .. import abc
 from .. import util
 from . import util as builtin_util
 
+frozen_machinery, source_machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import sys
 import unittest
 
+
+class FindSpecTests(abc.FinderTests):
+
+    """Test find_spec() for built-in modules."""
+
+    def test_module(self):
+        # Common case.
+        with util.uncache(builtin_util.NAME):
+            found = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_spec(builtin_util.NAME)
+            self.assertTrue(found)
+            self.assertEqual(found.origin, 'built-in')
+
+    # Built-in modules cannot be a package.
+    test_package = None
+
+    # Built-in modules cannobt be in a package.
+    test_module_in_package = None
+
+    # Built-in modules cannot be a package.
+    test_package_in_package = None
+
+    # Built-in modules cannot be a package.
+    test_package_over_module = None
+
+    def test_failure(self):
+        name = 'importlib'
+        assert name not in sys.builtin_module_names
+        spec = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_spec(name)
+        self.assertIsNone(spec)
+
+    def test_ignore_path(self):
+        # The value for 'path' should always trigger a failed import.
+        with util.uncache(builtin_util.NAME):
+            spec = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_spec(builtin_util.NAME,
+                                                            ['pkg'])
+            self.assertIsNone(spec)
+
+Frozen_FindSpecTests, Source_FindSpecTests = util.test_both(FindSpecTests,
+        machinery=[frozen_machinery, source_machinery])
+
+
 class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
 
     """Test find_module() for built-in modules."""
@@ -13,8 +55,9 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
     def test_module(self):
         # Common case.
         with util.uncache(builtin_util.NAME):
-            found = machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(builtin_util.NAME)
+            found = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(builtin_util.NAME)
             self.assertTrue(found)
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(found, 'load_module'))
 
     # Built-in modules cannot be a package.
     test_package = test_package_in_package = test_package_over_module = None
@@ -24,22 +67,19 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
 
     def test_failure(self):
         assert 'importlib' not in sys.builtin_module_names
-        loader = machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module('importlib')
+        loader = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module('importlib')
         self.assertIsNone(loader)
 
     def test_ignore_path(self):
         # The value for 'path' should always trigger a failed import.
         with util.uncache(builtin_util.NAME):
-            loader = machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(builtin_util.NAME,
+            loader = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(builtin_util.NAME,
                                                             ['pkg'])
             self.assertIsNone(loader)
 
-
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(FinderTests)
+Frozen_FinderTests, Source_FinderTests = util.test_both(FinderTests,
+        machinery=[frozen_machinery, source_machinery])
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_loader.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_loader.py
index 12a79c6ba9..a636f778fa 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/builtin/test_loader.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import importlib
-from importlib import machinery
 from .. import abc
 from .. import util
 from . import util as builtin_util
 
+frozen_machinery, source_machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import sys
 import types
 import unittest
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
 
     """Test load_module() for built-in modules."""
 
-    verification = {'__name__': 'errno', '__package__': '',
-                    '__loader__': machinery.BuiltinImporter}
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.verification = {'__name__': 'errno', '__package__': '',
+                             '__loader__': self.machinery.BuiltinImporter}
 
     def verify(self, module):
         """Verify that the module matches against what it should have."""
@@ -23,8 +24,8 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
             self.assertEqual(getattr(module, attr), value)
         self.assertIn(module.__name__, sys.modules)
 
-    load_module = staticmethod(lambda name:
-                                machinery.BuiltinImporter.load_module(name))
+    def load_module(self, name):
+        return self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.load_module(name)
 
     def test_module(self):
         # Common case.
@@ -55,45 +56,51 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
     def test_already_imported(self):
         # Using the name of a module already imported but not a built-in should
         # still fail.
-        assert hasattr(importlib, '__file__')  # Not a built-in.
+        module_name = 'builtin_reload_test'
+        assert module_name not in sys.builtin_module_names
+        with util.uncache(module_name):
+            module = types.ModuleType(module_name)
+            sys.modules[module_name] = module
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-            self.load_module('importlib')
-        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, 'importlib')
+            self.load_module(module_name)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, module_name)
+
+
+Frozen_LoaderTests, Source_LoaderTests = util.test_both(LoaderTests,
+        machinery=[frozen_machinery, source_machinery])
 
 
-class InspectLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class InspectLoaderTests:
 
     """Tests for InspectLoader methods for BuiltinImporter."""
 
     def test_get_code(self):
         # There is no code object.
-        result = machinery.BuiltinImporter.get_code(builtin_util.NAME)
+        result = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.get_code(builtin_util.NAME)
         self.assertIsNone(result)
 
     def test_get_source(self):
         # There is no source.
-        result = machinery.BuiltinImporter.get_source(builtin_util.NAME)
+        result = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.get_source(builtin_util.NAME)
         self.assertIsNone(result)
 
     def test_is_package(self):
         # Cannot be a package.
-        result = machinery.BuiltinImporter.is_package(builtin_util.NAME)
+        result = self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.is_package(builtin_util.NAME)
         self.assertTrue(not result)
 
     def test_not_builtin(self):
         # Modules not built-in should raise ImportError.
         for meth_name in ('get_code', 'get_source', 'is_package'):
-            method = getattr(machinery.BuiltinImporter, meth_name)
+            method = getattr(self.machinery.BuiltinImporter, meth_name)
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
             method(builtin_util.BAD_NAME)
         self.assertRaises(builtin_util.BAD_NAME)
 
-
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(LoaderTests, InspectLoaderTests)
+Frozen_InspectLoaderTests, Source_InspectLoaderTests = util.test_both(
+        InspectLoaderTests,
+        machinery=[frozen_machinery, source_machinery])
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_case_sensitivity.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_case_sensitivity.py
index 76c53e4fd6..bb2528e626 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_case_sensitivity.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_case_sensitivity.py
@@ -1,22 +1,27 @@
-import imp
+from importlib import _bootstrap
 import sys
 from test import support
 import unittest
-from importlib import _bootstrap
+
 from .. import util
 from . import util as ext_util
 
+frozen_machinery, source_machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 
+# XXX find_spec tests
+
+@unittest.skipIf(ext_util.FILENAME is None, '_testcapi not available')
 @util.case_insensitive_tests
-class ExtensionModuleCaseSensitivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class ExtensionModuleCaseSensitivityTest:
 
     def find_module(self):
         good_name = ext_util.NAME
         bad_name = good_name.upper()
         assert good_name != bad_name
-        finder = _bootstrap.FileFinder(ext_util.PATH,
-                                        (_bootstrap.ExtensionFileLoader,
-                                         _bootstrap.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES))
+        finder = self.machinery.FileFinder(ext_util.PATH,
+                                          (self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader,
+                                           self.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES))
         return finder.find_module(bad_name)
 
     def test_case_sensitive(self):
@@ -37,14 +42,10 @@ class ExtensionModuleCaseSensitivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
             loader = self.find_module()
             self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
 
-
-
-
-def test_main():
-    if ext_util.FILENAME is None:
-        return
-    support.run_unittest(ExtensionModuleCaseSensitivityTest)
+Frozen_ExtensionCaseSensitivity, Source_ExtensionCaseSensitivity = util.test_both(
+        ExtensionModuleCaseSensitivityTest,
+        machinery=[frozen_machinery, source_machinery])
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_finder.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_finder.py
index 37f67727b0..990f29c4e5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_finder.py
@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
-from importlib import machinery
 from .. import abc
+from .. import util as test_util
 from . import util
 
+machinery = test_util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import unittest
+import warnings
+
+# XXX find_spec tests
 
 class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
 
     """Test the finder for extension modules."""
 
     def find_module(self, fullname):
-        importer = machinery.FileFinder(util.PATH,
-                                        (machinery.ExtensionFileLoader,
-                                         machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES))
-        return importer.find_module(fullname)
+        importer = self.machinery.FileFinder(util.PATH,
+                                            (self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader,
+                                             self.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES))
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            return importer.find_module(fullname)
 
     def test_module(self):
         self.assertTrue(self.find_module(util.NAME))
@@ -29,11 +36,9 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
     def test_failure(self):
         self.assertIsNone(self.find_module('asdfjkl;'))
 
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(FinderTests)
+Frozen_FinderTests, Source_FinderTests = test_util.test_both(
+        FinderTests, machinery=machinery)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py
index e790675f58..fd9abf269b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-from importlib import machinery
 from . import util as ext_util
 from .. import abc
 from .. import util
 
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import os.path
 import sys
+import types
 import unittest
 
 
@@ -13,8 +15,8 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
     """Test load_module() for extension modules."""
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.loader = machinery.ExtensionFileLoader(ext_util.NAME,
-                                                     ext_util.FILEPATH)
+        self.loader = self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader(ext_util.NAME,
+                                                         ext_util.FILEPATH)
 
     def load_module(self, fullname):
         return self.loader.load_module(fullname)
@@ -26,6 +28,15 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
             self.load_module('XXX')
 
+    def test_equality(self):
+        other = self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader(ext_util.NAME,
+                                                   ext_util.FILEPATH)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loader, other)
+
+    def test_inequality(self):
+        other = self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader('_' + ext_util.NAME,
+                                                   ext_util.FILEPATH)
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.loader, other)
 
     def test_module(self):
         with util.uncache(ext_util.NAME):
@@ -36,7 +47,7 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
                 self.assertEqual(getattr(module, attr), value)
             self.assertIn(ext_util.NAME, sys.modules)
             self.assertIsInstance(module.__loader__,
-                                  machinery.ExtensionFileLoader)
+                                  self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader)
 
     # No extension module as __init__ available for testing.
     test_package = None
@@ -61,16 +72,15 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
 
     def test_is_package(self):
         self.assertFalse(self.loader.is_package(ext_util.NAME))
-        for suffix in machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES:
+        for suffix in self.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES:
             path = os.path.join('some', 'path', 'pkg', '__init__' + suffix)
-            loader = machinery.ExtensionFileLoader('pkg', path)
+            loader = self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader('pkg', path)
             self.assertTrue(loader.is_package('pkg'))
 
+Frozen_LoaderTests, Source_LoaderTests = util.test_both(
+        LoaderTests, machinery=machinery)
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(LoaderTests)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_path_hook.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_path_hook.py
index 1d969a1b28..49d6734711 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_path_hook.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_path_hook.py
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
-from importlib import machinery
+from .. import util as test_util
 from . import util
 
+machinery = test_util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import collections
-import imp
 import sys
 import unittest
 
 
-class PathHookTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class PathHookTests:
 
     """Test the path hook for extension modules."""
     # XXX Should it only succeed for pre-existing directories?
     # XXX Should it only work for directories containing an extension module?
 
     def hook(self, entry):
-        return machinery.FileFinder.path_hook((machinery.ExtensionFileLoader,
-            machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES))(entry)
+        return self.machinery.FileFinder.path_hook(
+                (self.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader,
+                 self.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES))(entry)
 
     def test_success(self):
         # Path hook should handle a directory where a known extension module
         # exists.
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.hook(util.PATH), 'find_module'))
 
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(PathHookTests)
+Frozen_PathHooksTests, Source_PathHooksTests = test_util.test_both(
+        PathHookTests, machinery=machinery)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/util.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/util.py
index a266dd98c8..8d089f0d7c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/util.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import imp
 from importlib import machinery
 import os
 import sys
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_finder.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_finder.py
index f0abe0e989..f9f97f3851 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_finder.py
@@ -1,15 +1,52 @@
-from importlib import machinery
 from .. import abc
+from .. import util
+
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
 
 import unittest
 
 
+class FindSpecTests(abc.FinderTests):
+
+    """Test finding frozen modules."""
+
+    def find(self, name, path=None):
+        finder = self.machinery.FrozenImporter
+        return finder.find_spec(name, path)
+
+    def test_module(self):
+        name = '__hello__'
+        spec = self.find(name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, 'frozen')
+
+    def test_package(self):
+        spec = self.find('__phello__')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(spec)
+
+    def test_module_in_package(self):
+        spec = self.find('__phello__.spam', ['__phello__'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(spec)
+
+    # No frozen package within another package to test with.
+    test_package_in_package = None
+
+    # No easy way to test.
+    test_package_over_module = None
+
+    def test_failure(self):
+        spec = self.find('<not real>')
+        self.assertIsNone(spec)
+
+Frozen_FindSpecTests, Source_FindSpecTests = util.test_both(FindSpecTests,
+                                                            machinery=machinery)
+
+
 class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
 
     """Test finding frozen modules."""
 
     def find(self, name, path=None):
-        finder = machinery.FrozenImporter
+        finder = self.machinery.FrozenImporter
         return finder.find_module(name, path)
 
     def test_module(self):
@@ -35,11 +72,9 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
         loader = self.find('<not real>')
         self.assertIsNone(loader)
 
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(FinderTests)
+Frozen_FinderTests, Source_FinderTests = util.test_both(FinderTests,
+                                                        machinery=machinery)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_loader.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_loader.py
index f3a8bf67c7..7c0146456d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/frozen/test_loader.py
@@ -1,18 +1,104 @@
-from importlib import machinery
-import imp
-import unittest
 from .. import abc
 from .. import util
+
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
+
+import sys
 from test.support import captured_stdout
+import types
+import unittest
+import warnings
+
+
+class ExecModuleTests(abc.LoaderTests):
+
+    def exec_module(self, name):
+        with util.uncache(name), captured_stdout() as stdout:
+            spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(
+                    name, self.machinery.FrozenImporter, origin='frozen',
+                    is_package=self.machinery.FrozenImporter.is_package(name))
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
+            module.__spec__ = spec
+            assert not hasattr(module, 'initialized')
+            self.machinery.FrozenImporter.exec_module(module)
+            self.assertTrue(module.initialized)
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, '__spec__'))
+            self.assertEqual(module.__spec__.origin, 'frozen')
+            return module, stdout.getvalue()
+
+    def test_module(self):
+        name = '__hello__'
+        module, output = self.exec_module(name)
+        check = {'__name__': name}
+        for attr, value in check.items():
+            self.assertEqual(getattr(module, attr), value)
+        self.assertEqual(output, 'Hello world!\n')
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, '__spec__'))
+
+    def test_package(self):
+        name = '__phello__'
+        module, output = self.exec_module(name)
+        check = {'__name__': name}
+        for attr, value in check.items():
+            attr_value = getattr(module, attr)
+            self.assertEqual(attr_value, value,
+                        'for {name}.{attr}, {given!r} != {expected!r}'.format(
+                                 name=name, attr=attr, given=attr_value,
+                                 expected=value))
+        self.assertEqual(output, 'Hello world!\n')
+
+    def test_lacking_parent(self):
+        name = '__phello__.spam'
+        with util.uncache('__phello__'):
+            module, output = self.exec_module(name)
+            check = {'__name__': name}
+            for attr, value in check.items():
+                attr_value = getattr(module, attr)
+                self.assertEqual(attr_value, value,
+                        'for {name}.{attr}, {given} != {expected!r}'.format(
+                                 name=name, attr=attr, given=attr_value,
+                                 expected=value))
+            self.assertEqual(output, 'Hello world!\n')
+
+    def test_module_repr(self):
+        name = '__hello__'
+        module, output = self.exec_module(name)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            repr_str = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.module_repr(module)
+        self.assertEqual(repr_str,
+                         "<module '__hello__' (frozen)>")
+
+    def test_module_repr_indirect(self):
+        name = '__hello__'
+        module, output = self.exec_module(name)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(module),
+                         "<module '__hello__' (frozen)>")
+
+    # No way to trigger an error in a frozen module.
+    test_state_after_failure = None
+
+    def test_unloadable(self):
+        assert self.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module('_not_real') is None
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
+            self.exec_module('_not_real')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, '_not_real')
+
+Frozen_ExecModuleTests, Source_ExecModuleTests = util.test_both(ExecModuleTests,
+                                                        machinery=machinery)
+
 
 class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
 
     def test_module(self):
         with util.uncache('__hello__'), captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            module = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
             check = {'__name__': '__hello__',
                     '__package__': '',
-                    '__loader__': machinery.FrozenImporter,
+                    '__loader__': self.machinery.FrozenImporter,
                     }
             for attr, value in check.items():
                 self.assertEqual(getattr(module, attr), value)
@@ -21,11 +107,13 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
 
     def test_package(self):
         with util.uncache('__phello__'),  captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            module = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__phello__')
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__phello__')
             check = {'__name__': '__phello__',
                      '__package__': '__phello__',
-                     '__path__': ['__phello__'],
-                     '__loader__': machinery.FrozenImporter,
+                     '__path__': [],
+                     '__loader__': self.machinery.FrozenImporter,
                      }
             for attr, value in check.items():
                 attr_value = getattr(module, attr)
@@ -38,10 +126,12 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
     def test_lacking_parent(self):
         with util.uncache('__phello__', '__phello__.spam'), \
              captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            module = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__phello__.spam')
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__phello__.spam')
             check = {'__name__': '__phello__.spam',
                     '__package__': '__phello__',
-                    '__loader__': machinery.FrozenImporter,
+                    '__loader__': self.machinery.FrozenImporter,
                     }
             for attr, value in check.items():
                 attr_value = getattr(module, attr)
@@ -53,29 +143,43 @@ class LoaderTests(abc.LoaderTests):
 
     def test_module_reuse(self):
         with util.uncache('__hello__'), captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            module1 = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
-            module2 = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module1 = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
+                module2 = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
             self.assertIs(module1, module2)
             self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(),
                              'Hello world!\nHello world!\n')
 
     def test_module_repr(self):
         with util.uncache('__hello__'), captured_stdout():
-            module = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
-            self.assertEqual(repr(module),
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
+                repr_str = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.module_repr(module)
+            self.assertEqual(repr_str,
                              "<module '__hello__' (frozen)>")
 
+    def test_module_repr_indirect(self):
+        with util.uncache('__hello__'), captured_stdout():
+            module = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(module),
+                         "<module '__hello__' (frozen)>")
+
     # No way to trigger an error in a frozen module.
     test_state_after_failure = None
 
     def test_unloadable(self):
-        assert machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module('_not_real') is None
+        assert self.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module('_not_real') is None
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-            machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('_not_real')
+            self.machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('_not_real')
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, '_not_real')
 
+Frozen_LoaderTests, Source_LoaderTests = util.test_both(LoaderTests,
+                                                        machinery=machinery)
 
-class InspectLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class InspectLoaderTests:
 
     """Tests for the InspectLoader methods for FrozenImporter."""
 
@@ -83,15 +187,15 @@ class InspectLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Make sure that the code object is good.
         name = '__hello__'
         with captured_stdout() as stdout:
-            code = machinery.FrozenImporter.get_code(name)
-            mod = imp.new_module(name)
+            code = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.get_code(name)
+            mod = types.ModuleType(name)
             exec(code, mod.__dict__)
             self.assertTrue(hasattr(mod, 'initialized'))
             self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'Hello world!\n')
 
     def test_get_source(self):
         # Should always return None.
-        result = machinery.FrozenImporter.get_source('__hello__')
+        result = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.get_source('__hello__')
         self.assertIsNone(result)
 
     def test_is_package(self):
@@ -99,22 +203,20 @@ class InspectLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
         test_for = (('__hello__', False), ('__phello__', True),
                     ('__phello__.spam', False))
         for name, is_package in test_for:
-            result = machinery.FrozenImporter.is_package(name)
+            result = self.machinery.FrozenImporter.is_package(name)
             self.assertEqual(bool(result), is_package)
 
     def test_failure(self):
         # Raise ImportError for modules that are not frozen.
         for meth_name in ('get_code', 'get_source', 'is_package'):
-            method = getattr(machinery.FrozenImporter, meth_name)
+            method = getattr(self.machinery.FrozenImporter, meth_name)
             with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
                 method('importlib')
             self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, 'importlib')
 
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(LoaderTests, InspectLoaderTests)
+Frozen_ILTests, Source_ILTests = util.test_both(InspectLoaderTests,
+                                                machinery=machinery)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test___loader__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test___loader__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6df80101fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test___loader__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from importlib import machinery
+import sys
+import types
+import unittest
+
+from .. import util
+from . import util as import_util
+
+
+class SpecLoaderMock:
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):
+        return machinery.ModuleSpec(fullname, self)
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        pass
+
+
+class SpecLoaderAttributeTests:
+
+    def test___loader__(self):
+        loader = SpecLoaderMock()
+        with util.uncache('blah'), util.import_state(meta_path=[loader]):
+            module = self.__import__('blah')
+        self.assertEqual(loader, module.__loader__)
+
+Frozen_SpecTests, Source_SpecTests = util.test_both(
+        SpecLoaderAttributeTests, __import__=import_util.__import__)
+
+
+class LoaderMock:
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        return self
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        sys.modules[fullname] = self.module
+        return self.module
+
+
+class LoaderAttributeTests:
+
+    def test___loader___missing(self):
+        module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        try:
+            del module.__loader__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        loader = LoaderMock()
+        loader.module = module
+        with util.uncache('blah'), util.import_state(meta_path=[loader]):
+            module = self.__import__('blah')
+        self.assertEqual(loader, module.__loader__)
+
+    def test___loader___is_None(self):
+        module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        module.__loader__ = None
+        loader = LoaderMock()
+        loader.module = module
+        with util.uncache('blah'), util.import_state(meta_path=[loader]):
+            returned_module = self.__import__('blah')
+        self.assertEqual(loader, module.__loader__)
+
+
+Frozen_Tests, Source_Tests = util.test_both(LoaderAttributeTests,
+                                            __import__=import_util.__import__)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test___package__.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test___package__.py
index 783cde1729..2e19725680 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test___package__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test___package__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from .. import util
 from . import util as import_util
 
 
-class Using__package__(unittest.TestCase):
+class Using__package__:
 
     """Use of __package__ supercedes the use of __name__/__path__ to calculate
     what package a module belongs to. The basic algorithm is [__package__]::
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ class Using__package__(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_using___package__(self):
         # [__package__]
-        with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.fake') as importer:
+        with self.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.fake') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                import_util.import_('pkg.fake')
-                module = import_util.import_('',
+                self.__import__('pkg.fake')
+                module = self.__import__('',
                                             globals={'__package__': 'pkg.fake'},
                                             fromlist=['attr'], level=2)
         self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ class Using__package__(unittest.TestCase):
         globals_ = {'__name__': 'pkg.fake', '__path__': []}
         if package_as_None:
             globals_['__package__'] = None
-        with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.fake') as importer:
+        with self.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.fake') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                import_util.import_('pkg.fake')
-                module = import_util.import_('', globals= globals_,
+                self.__import__('pkg.fake')
+                module = self.__import__('', globals= globals_,
                                                 fromlist=['attr'], level=2)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
 
@@ -63,16 +63,27 @@ class Using__package__(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_bad__package__(self):
         globals = {'__package__': '<not real>'}
         with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
-            import_util.import_('', globals, {}, ['relimport'], 1)
+            self.__import__('', globals, {}, ['relimport'], 1)
 
     def test_bunk__package__(self):
         globals = {'__package__': 42}
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            import_util.import_('', globals, {}, ['relimport'], 1)
+            self.__import__('', globals, {}, ['relimport'], 1)
 
+class Using__package__PEP302(Using__package__):
+    mock_modules = util.mock_modules
 
-@import_util.importlib_only
-class Setting__package__(unittest.TestCase):
+Frozen_UsingPackagePEP302, Source_UsingPackagePEP302 = util.test_both(
+        Using__package__PEP302, __import__=import_util.__import__)
+
+class Using__package__PEP302(Using__package__):
+    mock_modules = util.mock_spec
+
+Frozen_UsingPackagePEP451, Source_UsingPackagePEP451 = util.test_both(
+        Using__package__PEP302, __import__=import_util.__import__)
+
+
+class Setting__package__:
 
     """Because __package__ is a new feature, it is not always set by a loader.
     Import will set it as needed to help with the transition to relying on
@@ -84,36 +95,39 @@ class Setting__package__(unittest.TestCase):
 
     """
 
+    __import__ = import_util.__import__[1]
+
     # [top-level]
     def test_top_level(self):
-        with util.mock_modules('top_level') as mock:
+        with self.mock_modules('top_level') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 del mock['top_level'].__package__
-                module = import_util.import_('top_level')
+                module = self.__import__('top_level')
                 self.assertEqual(module.__package__, '')
 
     # [package]
     def test_package(self):
-        with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__') as mock:
+        with self.mock_modules('pkg.__init__') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 del mock['pkg'].__package__
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg')
+                module = self.__import__('pkg')
                 self.assertEqual(module.__package__, 'pkg')
 
     # [submodule]
     def test_submodule(self):
-        with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.mod') as mock:
+        with self.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.mod') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 del mock['pkg.mod'].__package__
-                pkg = import_util.import_('pkg.mod')
+                pkg = self.__import__('pkg.mod')
                 module = getattr(pkg, 'mod')
                 self.assertEqual(module.__package__, 'pkg')
 
+class Setting__package__PEP302(Setting__package__, unittest.TestCase):
+    mock_modules = util.mock_modules
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(Using__package__, Setting__package__)
+class Setting__package__PEP451(Setting__package__, unittest.TestCase):
+    mock_modules = util.mock_spec
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_api.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_api.py
index 3d4cd94889..439c105e9b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_api.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_api.py
@@ -1,23 +1,41 @@
-from .. import util as importlib_test_util
-from . import util
-import imp
+from .. import util
+from . import util as import_util
+
+from importlib import machinery
 import sys
+import types
 import unittest
 
+PKG_NAME = 'fine'
+SUBMOD_NAME = 'fine.bogus'
+
+
+class BadSpecFinderLoader:
+    @classmethod
+    def find_spec(cls, fullname, path=None, target=None):
+        if fullname == SUBMOD_NAME:
+            spec = machinery.ModuleSpec(fullname, cls)
+            return spec
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def exec_module(module):
+        if module.__name__ == SUBMOD_NAME:
+            raise ImportError('I cannot be loaded!')
+
 
 class BadLoaderFinder:
-    bad = 'fine.bogus'
     @classmethod
     def find_module(cls, fullname, path):
-        if fullname == cls.bad:
+        if fullname == SUBMOD_NAME:
             return cls
+
     @classmethod
     def load_module(cls, fullname):
-        if fullname == cls.bad:
+        if fullname == SUBMOD_NAME:
             raise ImportError('I cannot be loaded!')
 
 
-class APITest(unittest.TestCase):
+class APITest:
 
     """Test API-specific details for __import__ (e.g. raising the right
     exception when passing in an int for the module name)."""
@@ -25,43 +43,52 @@ class APITest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_name_requires_rparition(self):
         # Raise TypeError if a non-string is passed in for the module name.
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            util.import_(42)
+            self.__import__(42)
 
     def test_negative_level(self):
         # Raise ValueError when a negative level is specified.
         # PEP 328 did away with sys.module None entries and the ambiguity of
         # absolute/relative imports.
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            util.import_('os', globals(), level=-1)
+            self.__import__('os', globals(), level=-1)
 
     def test_nonexistent_fromlist_entry(self):
         # If something in fromlist doesn't exist, that's okay.
         # issue15715
-        mod = imp.new_module('fine')
+        mod = types.ModuleType(PKG_NAME)
         mod.__path__ = ['XXX']
-        with importlib_test_util.import_state(meta_path=[BadLoaderFinder]):
-            with importlib_test_util.uncache('fine'):
-                sys.modules['fine'] = mod
-                util.import_('fine', fromlist=['not here'])
+        with util.import_state(meta_path=[self.bad_finder_loader]):
+            with util.uncache(PKG_NAME):
+                sys.modules[PKG_NAME] = mod
+                self.__import__(PKG_NAME, fromlist=['not here'])
 
     def test_fromlist_load_error_propagates(self):
         # If something in fromlist triggers an exception not related to not
         # existing, let that exception propagate.
         # issue15316
-        mod = imp.new_module('fine')
+        mod = types.ModuleType(PKG_NAME)
         mod.__path__ = ['XXX']
-        with importlib_test_util.import_state(meta_path=[BadLoaderFinder]):
-            with importlib_test_util.uncache('fine'):
-                sys.modules['fine'] = mod
+        with util.import_state(meta_path=[self.bad_finder_loader]):
+            with util.uncache(PKG_NAME):
+                sys.modules[PKG_NAME] = mod
                 with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-                    util.import_('fine', fromlist=['bogus'])
+                    self.__import__(PKG_NAME,
+                                    fromlist=[SUBMOD_NAME.rpartition('.')[-1]])
+
+
+class OldAPITests(APITest):
+    bad_finder_loader = BadLoaderFinder
+
+Frozen_OldAPITests, Source_OldAPITests = util.test_both(
+        OldAPITests, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
 
+class SpecAPITests(APITest):
+    bad_finder_loader = BadSpecFinderLoader
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(APITest)
+Frozen_SpecAPITests, Source_SpecAPITests = util.test_both(
+        SpecAPITests, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_caching.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_caching.py
index 207378a6fb..c292ee4ac2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_caching.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_caching.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from types import MethodType
 import unittest
 
 
-class UseCache(unittest.TestCase):
+class UseCache:
 
     """When it comes to sys.modules, import prefers it over anything else.
 
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ class UseCache(unittest.TestCase):
     ImportError is raised [None in cache].
 
     """
+
     def test_using_cache(self):
         # [use cache]
         module_to_use = "some module found!"
         with util.uncache('some_module'):
             sys.modules['some_module'] = module_to_use
-            module = import_util.import_('some_module')
+            module = self.__import__('some_module')
             self.assertEqual(id(module_to_use), id(module))
 
     def test_None_in_cache(self):
@@ -35,9 +36,19 @@ class UseCache(unittest.TestCase):
         with util.uncache(name):
             sys.modules[name] = None
             with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-                import_util.import_(name)
+                self.__import__(name)
             self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, name)
 
+Frozen_UseCache, Source_UseCache = util.test_both(
+        UseCache, __import__=import_util.__import__)
+
+
+class ImportlibUseCache(UseCache, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    # Pertinent only to PEP 302; exec_module() doesn't return a module.
+
+    __import__ = import_util.__import__[1]
+
     def create_mock(self, *names, return_=None):
         mock = util.mock_modules(*names)
         original_load = mock.load_module
@@ -49,40 +60,33 @@ class UseCache(unittest.TestCase):
 
     # __import__ inconsistent between loaders and built-in import when it comes
     #   to when to use the module in sys.modules and when not to.
-    @import_util.importlib_only
     def test_using_cache_after_loader(self):
         # [from cache on return]
         with self.create_mock('module') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                module = import_util.import_('module')
+                module = self.__import__('module')
                 self.assertEqual(id(module), id(sys.modules['module']))
 
     # See test_using_cache_after_loader() for reasoning.
-    @import_util.importlib_only
     def test_using_cache_for_assigning_to_attribute(self):
         # [from cache to attribute]
         with self.create_mock('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg.module')
+                module = self.__import__('pkg.module')
                 self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
                 self.assertEqual(id(module.module),
                                  id(sys.modules['pkg.module']))
 
     # See test_using_cache_after_loader() for reasoning.
-    @import_util.importlib_only
     def test_using_cache_for_fromlist(self):
         # [from cache for fromlist]
         with self.create_mock('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['module'])
+                module = self.__import__('pkg', fromlist=['module'])
                 self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
                 self.assertEqual(id(module.module),
                                  id(sys.modules['pkg.module']))
 
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(UseCache)
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_fromlist.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_fromlist.py
index c16c33710f..58f244bddc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_fromlist.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_fromlist.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """Test that the semantics relating to the 'fromlist' argument are correct."""
 from .. import util
 from . import util as import_util
-import imp
 import unittest
 
-class ReturnValue(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class ReturnValue:
 
     """The use of fromlist influences what import returns.
 
@@ -17,20 +17,23 @@ class ReturnValue(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_return_from_import(self):
         # [import return]
-        with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as importer:
+        with util.mock_spec('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg.module')
+                module = self.__import__('pkg.module')
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
 
     def test_return_from_from_import(self):
         # [from return]
         with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module')as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg.module', fromlist=['attr'])
+                module = self.__import__('pkg.module', fromlist=['attr'])
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg.module')
 
+Frozen_ReturnValue, Source_ReturnValue = util.test_both(
+        ReturnValue, __import__=import_util.__import__)
+
 
-class HandlingFromlist(unittest.TestCase):
+class HandlingFromlist:
 
     """Using fromlist triggers different actions based on what is being asked
     of it.
@@ -49,14 +52,14 @@ class HandlingFromlist(unittest.TestCase):
         # [object case]
         with util.mock_modules('module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('module', fromlist=['attr'])
+                module = self.__import__('module', fromlist=['attr'])
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'module')
 
     def test_nonexistent_object(self):
         # [bad object]
         with util.mock_modules('module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('module', fromlist=['non_existent'])
+                module = self.__import__('module', fromlist=['non_existent'])
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'module')
                 self.assertTrue(not hasattr(module, 'non_existent'))
 
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ class HandlingFromlist(unittest.TestCase):
         # [module]
         with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['module'])
+                module = self.__import__('pkg', fromlist=['module'])
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
                 self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
                 self.assertEqual(module.module.__name__, 'pkg.module')
@@ -79,13 +82,13 @@ class HandlingFromlist(unittest.TestCase):
                                module_code={'pkg.mod': module_code}) as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
                 with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as exc:
-                    import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['mod'])
+                    self.__import__('pkg', fromlist=['mod'])
                 self.assertEqual('i_do_not_exist', exc.exception.name)
 
     def test_empty_string(self):
         with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.mod') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg.mod', fromlist=[''])
+                module = self.__import__('pkg.mod', fromlist=[''])
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg.mod')
 
     def basic_star_test(self, fromlist=['*']):
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ class HandlingFromlist(unittest.TestCase):
         with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 mock['pkg'].__all__ = ['module']
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=fromlist)
+                module = self.__import__('pkg', fromlist=fromlist)
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
                 self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
                 self.assertEqual(module.module.__name__, 'pkg.module')
@@ -111,17 +114,16 @@ class HandlingFromlist(unittest.TestCase):
         with context as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 mock['pkg'].__all__ = ['module1']
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['module2', '*'])
+                module = self.__import__('pkg', fromlist=['module2', '*'])
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
                 self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module1'))
                 self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module2'))
                 self.assertEqual(module.module1.__name__, 'pkg.module1')
                 self.assertEqual(module.module2.__name__, 'pkg.module2')
 
+Frozen_FromList, Source_FromList = util.test_both(
+        HandlingFromlist, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(ReturnValue, HandlingFromlist)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_meta_path.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_meta_path.py
index 4d85f80e67..dc45420621 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_meta_path.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_meta_path.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import unittest
 import warnings
 
 
-class CallingOrder(unittest.TestCase):
+class CallingOrder:
 
     """Calls to the importers on sys.meta_path happen in order that they are
     specified in the sequence, starting with the first importer
@@ -18,23 +18,18 @@ class CallingOrder(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_first_called(self):
         # [first called]
         mod = 'top_level'
-        first = util.mock_modules(mod)
-        second = util.mock_modules(mod)
-        with util.mock_modules(mod) as first, util.mock_modules(mod) as second:
-            first.modules[mod] = 42
-            second.modules[mod] = -13
+        with util.mock_spec(mod) as first, util.mock_spec(mod) as second:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[first, second]):
-                self.assertEqual(import_util.import_(mod), 42)
+                self.assertIs(self.__import__(mod), first.modules[mod])
 
     def test_continuing(self):
         # [continuing]
         mod_name = 'for_real'
-        with util.mock_modules('nonexistent') as first, \
-             util.mock_modules(mod_name) as second:
-            first.find_module = lambda self, fullname, path=None: None
-            second.modules[mod_name] = 42
+        with util.mock_spec('nonexistent') as first, \
+             util.mock_spec(mod_name) as second:
+            first.find_spec = lambda self, fullname, path=None, parent=None: None
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[first, second]):
-                self.assertEqual(import_util.import_(mod_name), 42)
+                self.assertIs(self.__import__(mod_name), second.modules[mod_name])
 
     def test_empty(self):
         # Raise an ImportWarning if sys.meta_path is empty.
@@ -46,41 +41,42 @@ class CallingOrder(unittest.TestCase):
         with util.import_state(meta_path=[]):
             with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
                 warnings.simplefilter('always')
-                self.assertIsNone(importlib._bootstrap._find_module('nothing',
-                                                                    None))
+                self.assertIsNone(importlib._bootstrap._find_spec('nothing',
+                                                                  None))
                 self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
                 self.assertTrue(issubclass(w[-1].category, ImportWarning))
 
+Frozen_CallingOrder, Source_CallingOrder = util.test_both(
+        CallingOrder, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
-class CallSignature(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class CallSignature:
 
     """If there is no __path__ entry on the parent module, then 'path' is None
     [no path]. Otherwise, the value for __path__ is passed in for the 'path'
     argument [path set]."""
 
-    def log(self, fxn):
+    def log_finder(self, importer):
+        fxn = getattr(importer, self.finder_name)
         log = []
         def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
             log.append([args, kwargs])
             return fxn(*args, **kwargs)
         return log, wrapper
 
-
     def test_no_path(self):
         # [no path]
         mod_name = 'top_level'
         assert '.' not in mod_name
-        with util.mock_modules(mod_name) as importer:
-            log, wrapped_call = self.log(importer.find_module)
-            importer.find_module = MethodType(wrapped_call, importer)
+        with self.mock_modules(mod_name) as importer:
+            log, wrapped_call = self.log_finder(importer)
+            setattr(importer, self.finder_name, MethodType(wrapped_call, importer))
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                import_util.import_(mod_name)
+                self.__import__(mod_name)
                 assert len(log) == 1
                 args = log[0][0]
                 kwargs = log[0][1]
                 # Assuming all arguments are positional.
-                self.assertEqual(len(args), 2)
-                self.assertEqual(len(kwargs), 0)
                 self.assertEqual(args[0], mod_name)
                 self.assertIsNone(args[1])
 
@@ -90,12 +86,12 @@ class CallSignature(unittest.TestCase):
         mod_name = pkg_name + '.module'
         path = [42]
         assert '.' in mod_name
-        with util.mock_modules(pkg_name+'.__init__', mod_name) as importer:
+        with self.mock_modules(pkg_name+'.__init__', mod_name) as importer:
             importer.modules[pkg_name].__path__ = path
-            log, wrapped_call = self.log(importer.find_module)
-            importer.find_module = MethodType(wrapped_call, importer)
+            log, wrapped_call = self.log_finder(importer)
+            setattr(importer, self.finder_name, MethodType(wrapped_call, importer))
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
-                import_util.import_(mod_name)
+                self.__import__(mod_name)
                 assert len(log) == 2
                 args = log[1][0]
                 kwargs = log[1][1]
@@ -104,12 +100,20 @@ class CallSignature(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(args[0], mod_name)
                 self.assertIs(args[1], path)
 
+class CallSignaturePEP302(CallSignature):
+    mock_modules = util.mock_modules
+    finder_name = 'find_module'
+
+Frozen_CallSignaturePEP302, Source_CallSignaturePEP302 = util.test_both(
+        CallSignaturePEP302, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
+class CallSignaturePEP451(CallSignature):
+    mock_modules = util.mock_spec
+    finder_name = 'find_spec'
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(CallingOrder, CallSignature)
+Frozen_CallSignaturePEP451, Source_CallSignaturePEP451 = util.test_both(
+        CallSignaturePEP451, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_packages.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_packages.py
index bfa18dc217..55a5d14985 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_packages.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_packages.py
@@ -6,37 +6,37 @@ import importlib
 from test import support
 
 
-class ParentModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class ParentModuleTests:
 
     """Importing a submodule should import the parent modules."""
 
     def test_import_parent(self):
-        with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as mock:
+        with util.mock_spec('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                module = import_util.import_('pkg.module')
+                module = self.__import__('pkg.module')
                 self.assertIn('pkg', sys.modules)
 
     def test_bad_parent(self):
-        with util.mock_modules('pkg.module') as mock:
+        with util.mock_spec('pkg.module') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-                    import_util.import_('pkg.module')
+                    self.__import__('pkg.module')
                 self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, 'pkg')
 
     def test_raising_parent_after_importing_child(self):
         def __init__():
             import pkg.module
             1/0
-        mock = util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module',
+        mock = util.mock_spec('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module',
                                  module_code={'pkg': __init__})
         with mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
-                    import_util.import_('pkg')
+                    self.__import__('pkg')
                 self.assertNotIn('pkg', sys.modules)
                 self.assertIn('pkg.module', sys.modules)
                 with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
-                    import_util.import_('pkg.module')
+                    self.__import__('pkg.module')
                 self.assertNotIn('pkg', sys.modules)
                 self.assertIn('pkg.module', sys.modules)
 
@@ -44,17 +44,17 @@ class ParentModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         def __init__():
             from . import module
             1/0
-        mock = util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module',
+        mock = util.mock_spec('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module',
                                  module_code={'pkg': __init__})
         with mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 with self.assertRaises((ZeroDivisionError, ImportError)):
                     # This raises ImportError on the "from . import module"
                     # line, not sure why.
-                    import_util.import_('pkg')
+                    self.__import__('pkg')
                 self.assertNotIn('pkg', sys.modules)
                 with self.assertRaises((ZeroDivisionError, ImportError)):
-                    import_util.import_('pkg.module')
+                    self.__import__('pkg.module')
                 self.assertNotIn('pkg', sys.modules)
                 # XXX False
                 #self.assertIn('pkg.module', sys.modules)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class ParentModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         def __init__():
             from ..subpkg import module
             1/0
-        mock = util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.subpkg.__init__',
+        mock = util.mock_spec('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.subpkg.__init__',
                                  'pkg.subpkg.module',
                                  module_code={'pkg.subpkg': __init__})
         with mock:
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ class ParentModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 with self.assertRaises((ZeroDivisionError, ImportError)):
                     # This raises ImportError on the "from ..subpkg import module"
                     # line, not sure why.
-                    import_util.import_('pkg.subpkg')
+                    self.__import__('pkg.subpkg')
                 self.assertNotIn('pkg.subpkg', sys.modules)
                 with self.assertRaises((ZeroDivisionError, ImportError)):
-                    import_util.import_('pkg.subpkg.module')
+                    self.__import__('pkg.subpkg.module')
                 self.assertNotIn('pkg.subpkg', sys.modules)
                 # XXX False
                 #self.assertIn('pkg.subpkg.module', sys.modules)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class ParentModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Try to import a submodule from a non-package should raise ImportError.
         assert not hasattr(sys, '__path__')
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-            import_util.import_('sys.no_submodules_here')
+            self.__import__('sys.no_submodules_here')
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, 'sys.no_submodules_here')
 
     def test_module_not_package_but_side_effects(self):
@@ -93,20 +93,18 @@ class ParentModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         subname = name + '.b'
         def module_injection():
             sys.modules[subname] = 'total bunk'
-        mock_modules = util.mock_modules('mod',
+        mock_spec = util.mock_spec('mod',
                                          module_code={'mod': module_injection})
-        with mock_modules as mock:
+        with mock_spec as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 try:
-                    submodule = import_util.import_(subname)
+                    submodule = self.__import__(subname)
                 finally:
                     support.unload(subname)
 
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(ParentModuleTests)
+Frozen_ParentTests, Source_ParentTests = util.test_both(
+        ParentModuleTests, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_path.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_path.py
index d82b7f6b0c..713e75447a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_path.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_path.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-from importlib import _bootstrap
-from importlib import machinery
-from importlib import import_module
 from .. import util
 from . import util as import_util
+
+importlib = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import os
 import sys
 from types import ModuleType
@@ -11,25 +12,25 @@ import warnings
 import zipimport
 
 
-class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class FinderTests:
 
     """Tests for PathFinder."""
 
     def test_failure(self):
-        # Test None returned upon not finding a suitable finder.
+        # Test None returned upon not finding a suitable loader.
         module = '<test module>'
         with util.import_state():
-            self.assertIsNone(machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module))
+            self.assertIsNone(self.machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module))
 
     def test_sys_path(self):
         # Test that sys.path is used when 'path' is None.
         # Implicitly tests that sys.path_importer_cache is used.
         module = '<test module>'
         path = '<test path>'
-        importer = util.mock_modules(module)
+        importer = util.mock_spec(module)
         with util.import_state(path_importer_cache={path: importer},
                                path=[path]):
-            loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module)
+            loader = self.machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module)
             self.assertIs(loader, importer)
 
     def test_path(self):
@@ -37,29 +38,29 @@ class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Implicitly tests that sys.path_importer_cache is used.
         module = '<test module>'
         path = '<test path>'
-        importer = util.mock_modules(module)
+        importer = util.mock_spec(module)
         with util.import_state(path_importer_cache={path: importer}):
-            loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module, [path])
+            loader = self.machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module, [path])
             self.assertIs(loader, importer)
 
     def test_empty_list(self):
         # An empty list should not count as asking for sys.path.
         module = 'module'
         path = '<test path>'
-        importer = util.mock_modules(module)
+        importer = util.mock_spec(module)
         with util.import_state(path_importer_cache={path: importer},
                                path=[path]):
-            self.assertIsNone(machinery.PathFinder.find_module('module', []))
+            self.assertIsNone(self.machinery.PathFinder.find_module('module', []))
 
     def test_path_hooks(self):
         # Test that sys.path_hooks is used.
         # Test that sys.path_importer_cache is set.
         module = '<test module>'
         path = '<test path>'
-        importer = util.mock_modules(module)
+        importer = util.mock_spec(module)
         hook = import_util.mock_path_hook(path, importer=importer)
         with util.import_state(path_hooks=[hook]):
-            loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module, [path])
+            loader = self.machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module, [path])
             self.assertIs(loader, importer)
             self.assertIn(path, sys.path_importer_cache)
             self.assertIs(sys.path_importer_cache[path], importer)
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase):
                                path=[path_entry]):
             with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
                 warnings.simplefilter('always')
-                self.assertIsNone(machinery.PathFinder.find_module('os'))
+                self.assertIsNone(self.machinery.PathFinder.find_module('os'))
                 self.assertIsNone(sys.path_importer_cache[path_entry])
                 self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
                 self.assertTrue(issubclass(w[-1].category, ImportWarning))
@@ -81,12 +82,12 @@ class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # The empty string should create a finder using the cwd.
         path = ''
         module = '<test module>'
-        importer = util.mock_modules(module)
-        hook = import_util.mock_path_hook(os.curdir, importer=importer)
+        importer = util.mock_spec(module)
+        hook = import_util.mock_path_hook(os.getcwd(), importer=importer)
         with util.import_state(path=[path], path_hooks=[hook]):
-            loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module)
+            loader = self.machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module)
             self.assertIs(loader, importer)
-            self.assertIn(os.curdir, sys.path_importer_cache)
+            self.assertIn(os.getcwd(), sys.path_importer_cache)
 
     def test_None_on_sys_path(self):
         # Putting None in sys.path[0] caused an import regression from Python
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@ class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase):
         new_path_importer_cache = sys.path_importer_cache.copy()
         new_path_importer_cache.pop(None, None)
         new_path_hooks = [zipimport.zipimporter,
-                          _bootstrap.FileFinder.path_hook(
-                              *_bootstrap._get_supported_file_loaders())]
+                          self.machinery.FileFinder.path_hook(
+                              *self.importlib._bootstrap._get_supported_file_loaders())]
         missing = object()
         email = sys.modules.pop('email', missing)
         try:
@@ -105,16 +106,15 @@ class FinderTests(unittest.TestCase):
                                    path=new_path,
                                    path_importer_cache=new_path_importer_cache,
                                    path_hooks=new_path_hooks):
-                module = import_module('email')
+                module = self.importlib.import_module('email')
                 self.assertIsInstance(module, ModuleType)
         finally:
             if email is not missing:
                 sys.modules['email'] = email
 
+Frozen_FinderTests, Source_FinderTests = util.test_both(
+        FinderTests, importlib=importlib, machinery=machinery)
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(FinderTests)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_relative_imports.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_relative_imports.py
index 4569c26424..b216e9cc13 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_relative_imports.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/test_relative_imports.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from . import util as import_util
 import sys
 import unittest
 
-class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
+class RelativeImports:
 
     """PEP 328 introduced relative imports. This allows for imports to occur
     from within a package without having to specify the actual package name.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
                 uncache_names.append(name)
             else:
                 uncache_names.append(name[:-len('.__init__')])
-        with util.mock_modules(*create) as importer:
+        with util.mock_spec(*create) as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
                 for global_ in globals_:
                     with util.uncache(*uncache_names):
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         create = 'pkg.__init__', 'pkg.mod2'
         globals_ = {'__package__': 'pkg'}, {'__name__': 'pkg.mod1'}
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('pkg')  # For __import__().
-            module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['mod2'], level=1)
+            self.__import__('pkg')  # For __import__().
+            module = self.__import__('', global_, fromlist=['mod2'], level=1)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
             self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'mod2'))
             self.assertEqual(module.mod2.attr, 'pkg.mod2')
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         create = 'pkg.__init__', 'pkg.mod2'
         globals_ = {'__package__': 'pkg'}, {'__name__': 'pkg.mod1'}
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('pkg')  # For __import__().
-            module = import_util.import_('mod2', global_, fromlist=['attr'],
+            self.__import__('pkg')  # For __import__().
+            module = self.__import__('mod2', global_, fromlist=['attr'],
                                             level=1)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg.mod2')
             self.assertEqual(module.attr, 'pkg.mod2')
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         globals_ = ({'__package__': 'pkg'},
                     {'__name__': 'pkg', '__path__': ['blah']})
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('pkg')  # For __import__().
-            module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['module'],
+            self.__import__('pkg')  # For __import__().
+            module = self.__import__('', global_, fromlist=['module'],
                              level=1)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
             self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         create = 'pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module'
         globals_ = {'__package__': 'pkg'}, {'__name__': 'pkg.module'}
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('pkg')  # For __import__().
-            module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['attr'], level=1)
+            self.__import__('pkg')  # For __import__().
+            module = self.__import__('', global_, fromlist=['attr'], level=1)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
         self.relative_import_test(create, globals_, callback)
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         globals_ =  ({'__package__': 'pkg.subpkg1'},
                      {'__name__': 'pkg.subpkg1', '__path__': ['blah']})
         def callback(global_):
-            module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['subpkg2'],
+            module = self.__import__('', global_, fromlist=['subpkg2'],
                                             level=2)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
             self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'subpkg2'))
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
                     {'__name__': 'pkg.pkg1.pkg2.pkg3.pkg4.pkg5',
                         '__path__': ['blah']})
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_(globals_[0]['__package__'])
-            module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['attr'], level=6)
+            self.__import__(globals_[0]['__package__'])
+            module = self.__import__('', global_, fromlist=['attr'], level=6)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
         self.relative_import_test(create, globals_, callback)
 
@@ -153,9 +153,9 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         globals_ = ({'__package__': 'pkg'},
                     {'__name__': 'pkg', '__path__': ['blah']})
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('pkg')
+            self.__import__('pkg')
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-                import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['top_level'],
+                self.__import__('', global_, fromlist=['top_level'],
                                     level=2)
         self.relative_import_test(create, globals_, callback)
 
@@ -164,16 +164,16 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         create = ['top_level', 'pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module']
         globals_ = {'__package__': 'pkg'}, {'__name__': 'pkg.module'}
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('pkg')
+            self.__import__('pkg')
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-                import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['top_level'],
+                self.__import__('', global_, fromlist=['top_level'],
                                     level=2)
         self.relative_import_test(create, globals_, callback)
 
     def test_empty_name_w_level_0(self):
         # [empty name]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            import_util.import_('')
+            self.__import__('')
 
     def test_import_from_different_package(self):
         # Test importing from a different package than the caller.
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
                     '__runpy_pkg__.uncle.cousin.nephew']
         globals_ = {'__package__': '__runpy_pkg__.__runpy_pkg__'}
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('__runpy_pkg__.__runpy_pkg__')
-            module = import_util.import_('uncle.cousin', globals_, {},
+            self.__import__('__runpy_pkg__.__runpy_pkg__')
+            module = self.__import__('uncle.cousin', globals_, {},
                                     fromlist=['nephew'],
                                 level=2)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, '__runpy_pkg__.uncle.cousin')
@@ -198,20 +198,19 @@ class RelativeImports(unittest.TestCase):
         create = ['crash.__init__', 'crash.mod']
         globals_ = [{'__package__': 'crash', '__name__': 'crash'}]
         def callback(global_):
-            import_util.import_('crash')
-            mod = import_util.import_('mod', global_, {}, [], 1)
+            self.__import__('crash')
+            mod = self.__import__('mod', global_, {}, [], 1)
             self.assertEqual(mod.__name__, 'crash.mod')
         self.relative_import_test(create, globals_, callback)
 
     def test_relative_import_no_globals(self):
         # No globals for a relative import is an error.
         with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
-            import_util.import_('sys', level=1)
+            self.__import__('sys', level=1)
 
+Frozen_RelativeImports, Source_RelativeImports = util.test_both(
+        RelativeImports, __import__=import_util.__import__)
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(RelativeImports)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/util.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/util.py
index 86ac065e64..dcb490f967 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/util.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/import_/util.py
@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
+from .. import util
+
+frozen_importlib, source_importlib = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+
+import builtins
 import functools
 import importlib
 import unittest
 
 
-using___import__ = False
-
-
-def import_(*args, **kwargs):
-    """Delegate to allow for injecting different implementations of import."""
-    if using___import__:
-        return __import__(*args, **kwargs)
-    else:
-        return importlib.__import__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-def importlib_only(fxn):
-    """Decorator to skip a test if using __builtins__.__import__."""
-    return unittest.skipIf(using___import__, "importlib-specific test")(fxn)
+__import__ = staticmethod(builtins.__import__), staticmethod(source_importlib.__import__)
 
 
 def mock_path_hook(*entries, importer):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_abc_loader.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_abc_loader.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d912b6469..0000000000
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_abc_loader.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,906 +0,0 @@
-import importlib
-from importlib import abc
-
-from .. import abc as testing_abc
-from .. import util
-from . import util as source_util
-
-import imp
-import inspect
-import io
-import marshal
-import os
-import sys
-import types
-import unittest
-import warnings
-
-
-class SourceOnlyLoaderMock(abc.SourceLoader):
-
-    # Globals that should be defined for all modules.
-    source = (b"_ = '::'.join([__name__, __file__, __cached__, __package__, "
-              b"repr(__loader__)])")
-
-    def __init__(self, path):
-        self.path = path
-
-    def get_data(self, path):
-        assert self.path == path
-        return self.source
-
-    def get_filename(self, fullname):
-        return self.path
-
-    def module_repr(self, module):
-        return '<module>'
-
-
-class SourceLoaderMock(SourceOnlyLoaderMock):
-
-    source_mtime = 1
-
-    def __init__(self, path, magic=imp.get_magic()):
-        super().__init__(path)
-        self.bytecode_path = imp.cache_from_source(self.path)
-        self.source_size = len(self.source)
-        data = bytearray(magic)
-        data.extend(importlib._w_long(self.source_mtime))
-        data.extend(importlib._w_long(self.source_size))
-        code_object = compile(self.source, self.path, 'exec',
-                                dont_inherit=True)
-        data.extend(marshal.dumps(code_object))
-        self.bytecode = bytes(data)
-        self.written = {}
-
-    def get_data(self, path):
-        if path == self.path:
-            return super().get_data(path)
-        elif path == self.bytecode_path:
-            return self.bytecode
-        else:
-            raise IOError
-
-    def path_stats(self, path):
-        assert path == self.path
-        return {'mtime': self.source_mtime, 'size': self.source_size}
-
-    def set_data(self, path, data):
-        self.written[path] = bytes(data)
-        return path == self.bytecode_path
-
-
-class PyLoaderMock(abc.PyLoader):
-
-    # Globals that should be defined for all modules.
-    source = (b"_ = '::'.join([__name__, __file__, __package__, "
-              b"repr(__loader__)])")
-
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        """Take a dict of 'module_name: path' pairings.
-
-        Paths should have no file extension, allowing packages to be denoted by
-        ending in '__init__'.
-
-        """
-        self.module_paths = data
-        self.path_to_module = {val:key for key,val in data.items()}
-
-    def get_data(self, path):
-        if path not in self.path_to_module:
-            raise IOError
-        return self.source
-
-    def is_package(self, name):
-        filename = os.path.basename(self.get_filename(name))
-        return os.path.splitext(filename)[0] == '__init__'
-
-    def source_path(self, name):
-        try:
-            return self.module_paths[name]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise ImportError
-
-    def get_filename(self, name):
-        """Silence deprecation warning."""
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-            warnings.simplefilter("always")
-            path = super().get_filename(name)
-            assert len(w) == 1
-            assert issubclass(w[0].category, DeprecationWarning)
-            return path
-
-    def module_repr(self):
-        return '<module>'
-
-
-class PyLoaderCompatMock(PyLoaderMock):
-
-    """Mock that matches what is suggested to have a loader that is compatible
-    from Python 3.1 onwards."""
-
-    def get_filename(self, fullname):
-        try:
-            return self.module_paths[fullname]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise ImportError
-
-    def source_path(self, fullname):
-        try:
-            return self.get_filename(fullname)
-        except ImportError:
-            return None
-
-
-class PyPycLoaderMock(abc.PyPycLoader, PyLoaderMock):
-
-    default_mtime = 1
-
-    def __init__(self, source, bc={}):
-        """Initialize mock.
-
-        'bc' is a dict keyed on a module's name. The value is dict with
-        possible keys of 'path', 'mtime', 'magic', and 'bc'. Except for 'path',
-        each of those keys control if any part of created bytecode is to
-        deviate from default values.
-
-        """
-        super().__init__(source)
-        self.module_bytecode = {}
-        self.path_to_bytecode = {}
-        self.bytecode_to_path = {}
-        for name, data in bc.items():
-            self.path_to_bytecode[data['path']] = name
-            self.bytecode_to_path[name] = data['path']
-            magic = data.get('magic', imp.get_magic())
-            mtime = importlib._w_long(data.get('mtime', self.default_mtime))
-            source_size = importlib._w_long(len(self.source) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
-            if 'bc' in data:
-                bc = data['bc']
-            else:
-                bc = self.compile_bc(name)
-            self.module_bytecode[name] = magic + mtime + source_size + bc
-
-    def compile_bc(self, name):
-        source_path = self.module_paths.get(name, '<test>') or '<test>'
-        code = compile(self.source, source_path, 'exec')
-        return marshal.dumps(code)
-
-    def source_mtime(self, name):
-        if name in self.module_paths:
-            return self.default_mtime
-        elif name in self.module_bytecode:
-            return None
-        else:
-            raise ImportError
-
-    def bytecode_path(self, name):
-        try:
-            return self.bytecode_to_path[name]
-        except KeyError:
-            if name in self.module_paths:
-                return None
-            else:
-                raise ImportError
-
-    def write_bytecode(self, name, bytecode):
-        self.module_bytecode[name] = bytecode
-        return True
-
-    def get_data(self, path):
-        if path in self.path_to_module:
-            return super().get_data(path)
-        elif path in self.path_to_bytecode:
-            name = self.path_to_bytecode[path]
-            return self.module_bytecode[name]
-        else:
-            raise IOError
-
-    def is_package(self, name):
-        try:
-            return super().is_package(name)
-        except TypeError:
-            return '__init__' in self.bytecode_to_path[name]
-
-    def get_code(self, name):
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-            warnings.simplefilter("always")
-            code_object = super().get_code(name)
-            assert len(w) == 1
-            assert issubclass(w[0].category, DeprecationWarning)
-            return code_object
-
-class PyLoaderTests(testing_abc.LoaderTests):
-
-    """Tests for importlib.abc.PyLoader."""
-
-    mocker = PyLoaderMock
-
-    def eq_attrs(self, ob, **kwargs):
-        for attr, val in kwargs.items():
-            found = getattr(ob, attr)
-            self.assertEqual(found, val,
-                    "{} attribute: {} != {}".format(attr, found, val))
-
-    def test_module(self):
-        name = '<module>'
-        path = os.path.join('', 'path', 'to', 'module')
-        mock = self.mocker({name: path})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            module = mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assertIn(name, sys.modules)
-        self.eq_attrs(module, __name__=name, __file__=path, __package__='',
-                        __loader__=mock)
-        self.assertTrue(not hasattr(module, '__path__'))
-        return mock, name
-
-    def test_package(self):
-        name = '<pkg>'
-        path = os.path.join('path', 'to', name, '__init__')
-        mock = self.mocker({name: path})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            module = mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assertIn(name, sys.modules)
-        self.eq_attrs(module, __name__=name, __file__=path,
-                __path__=[os.path.dirname(path)], __package__=name,
-                __loader__=mock)
-        return mock, name
-
-    def test_lacking_parent(self):
-        name = 'pkg.mod'
-        path = os.path.join('path', 'to', 'pkg', 'mod')
-        mock = self.mocker({name: path})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            module = mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assertIn(name, sys.modules)
-        self.eq_attrs(module, __name__=name, __file__=path, __package__='pkg',
-                        __loader__=mock)
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__path__'))
-        return mock, name
-
-    def test_module_reuse(self):
-        name = 'mod'
-        path = os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod')
-        module = imp.new_module(name)
-        mock = self.mocker({name: path})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            sys.modules[name] = module
-            loaded_module = mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assertIs(loaded_module, module)
-            self.assertIs(sys.modules[name], module)
-        return mock, name
-
-    def test_state_after_failure(self):
-        name = "mod"
-        module = imp.new_module(name)
-        module.blah = None
-        mock = self.mocker({name: os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod')})
-        mock.source = b"1/0"
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            sys.modules[name] = module
-            with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
-                mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assertIs(sys.modules[name], module)
-            self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'blah'))
-        return mock
-
-    def test_unloadable(self):
-        name = "mod"
-        mock = self.mocker({name: os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod')})
-        mock.source = b"1/0"
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
-                mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assertNotIn(name, sys.modules)
-        return mock
-
-
-class PyLoaderCompatTests(PyLoaderTests):
-
-    """Test that the suggested code to make a loader that is compatible from
-    Python 3.1 forward works."""
-
-    mocker = PyLoaderCompatMock
-
-
-class PyLoaderInterfaceTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Tests for importlib.abc.PyLoader to make sure that when source_path()
-    doesn't return a path everything works as expected."""
-
-    def test_no_source_path(self):
-        # No source path should lead to ImportError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyLoaderMock({})
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-
-    def test_source_path_is_None(self):
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyLoaderMock({name: None})
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-
-    def test_get_filename_with_source_path(self):
-        # get_filename() should return what source_path() returns.
-        name = 'mod'
-        path = os.path.join('path', 'to', 'source')
-        mock = PyLoaderMock({name: path})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            self.assertEqual(mock.get_filename(name), path)
-
-    def test_get_filename_no_source_path(self):
-        # get_filename() should raise ImportError if source_path returns None.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyLoaderMock({name: None})
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-            mock.get_filename(name)
-
-
-class PyPycLoaderTests(PyLoaderTests):
-
-    """Tests for importlib.abc.PyPycLoader."""
-
-    mocker = PyPycLoaderMock
-
-    @source_util.writes_bytecode_files
-    def verify_bytecode(self, mock, name):
-        assert name in mock.module_paths
-        self.assertIn(name, mock.module_bytecode)
-        magic = mock.module_bytecode[name][:4]
-        self.assertEqual(magic, imp.get_magic())
-        mtime = importlib._r_long(mock.module_bytecode[name][4:8])
-        self.assertEqual(mtime, 1)
-        source_size = mock.module_bytecode[name][8:12]
-        self.assertEqual(len(mock.source) & 0xFFFFFFFF,
-                         importlib._r_long(source_size))
-        bc = mock.module_bytecode[name][12:]
-        self.assertEqual(bc, mock.compile_bc(name))
-
-    def test_module(self):
-        mock, name = super().test_module()
-        self.verify_bytecode(mock, name)
-
-    def test_package(self):
-        mock, name = super().test_package()
-        self.verify_bytecode(mock, name)
-
-    def test_lacking_parent(self):
-        mock, name = super().test_lacking_parent()
-        self.verify_bytecode(mock, name)
-
-    def test_module_reuse(self):
-        mock, name = super().test_module_reuse()
-        self.verify_bytecode(mock, name)
-
-    def test_state_after_failure(self):
-        super().test_state_after_failure()
-
-    def test_unloadable(self):
-        super().test_unloadable()
-
-
-class PyPycLoaderInterfaceTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Test for the interface of importlib.abc.PyPycLoader."""
-
-    def get_filename_check(self, src_path, bc_path, expect):
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: src_path}, {name: {'path': bc_path}})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            assert mock.source_path(name) == src_path
-            assert mock.bytecode_path(name) == bc_path
-            self.assertEqual(mock.get_filename(name), expect)
-
-    def test_filename_with_source_bc(self):
-        # When source and bytecode paths present, return the source path.
-        self.get_filename_check('source_path', 'bc_path', 'source_path')
-
-    def test_filename_with_source_no_bc(self):
-        # With source but no bc, return source path.
-        self.get_filename_check('source_path', None, 'source_path')
-
-    def test_filename_with_no_source_bc(self):
-        # With not source but bc, return the bc path.
-        self.get_filename_check(None, 'bc_path', 'bc_path')
-
-    def test_filename_with_no_source_or_bc(self):
-        # With no source or bc, raise ImportError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: None}, {name: {'path': None}})
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-            mock.get_filename(name)
-
-
-class SkipWritingBytecodeTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Test that bytecode is properly handled based on
-    sys.dont_write_bytecode."""
-
-    @source_util.writes_bytecode_files
-    def run_test(self, dont_write_bytecode):
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod')})
-        sys.dont_write_bytecode = dont_write_bytecode
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assertIsNot(name in mock.module_bytecode, dont_write_bytecode)
-
-    def test_no_bytecode_written(self):
-        self.run_test(True)
-
-    def test_bytecode_written(self):
-        self.run_test(False)
-
-
-class RegeneratedBytecodeTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Test that bytecode is regenerated as expected."""
-
-    @source_util.writes_bytecode_files
-    def test_different_magic(self):
-        # A different magic number should lead to new bytecode.
-        name = 'mod'
-        bad_magic = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-        assert bad_magic != imp.get_magic()
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod')},
-                                {name: {'path': os.path.join('path', 'to',
-                                                    'mod.bytecode'),
-                                        'magic': bad_magic}})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assertIn(name, mock.module_bytecode)
-        magic = mock.module_bytecode[name][:4]
-        self.assertEqual(magic, imp.get_magic())
-
-    @source_util.writes_bytecode_files
-    def test_old_mtime(self):
-        # Bytecode with an older mtime should be regenerated.
-        name = 'mod'
-        old_mtime = PyPycLoaderMock.default_mtime - 1
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod')},
-                {name: {'path': 'path/to/mod.bytecode', 'mtime': old_mtime}})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assertIn(name, mock.module_bytecode)
-        mtime = importlib._r_long(mock.module_bytecode[name][4:8])
-        self.assertEqual(mtime, PyPycLoaderMock.default_mtime)
-
-
-class BadBytecodeFailureTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Test import failures when there is no source and parts of the bytecode
-    is bad."""
-
-    def test_bad_magic(self):
-        # A bad magic number should lead to an ImportError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        bad_magic = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-        bc = {name:
-                {'path': os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod'),
-                 'magic': bad_magic}}
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: None}, bc)
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-            mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, name)
-
-    def test_no_bytecode(self):
-        # Missing code object bytecode should lead to an EOFError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        bc = {name: {'path': os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod'), 'bc': b''}}
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: None}, bc)
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(EOFError):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-
-    def test_bad_bytecode(self):
-        # Malformed code object bytecode should lead to a ValueError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        bc = {name: {'path': os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod'), 'bc': b'1234'}}
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: None}, bc)
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-
-
-def raise_ImportError(*args, **kwargs):
-    raise ImportError
-
-class MissingPathsTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Test what happens when a source or bytecode path does not exist (either
-    from *_path returning None or raising ImportError)."""
-
-    def test_source_path_None(self):
-        # Bytecode should be used when source_path returns None, along with
-        # __file__ being set to the bytecode path.
-        name = 'mod'
-        bytecode_path = 'path/to/mod'
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: None}, {name: {'path': bytecode_path}})
-        with util.uncache(name):
-            module = mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assertEqual(module.__file__, bytecode_path)
-
-    # Testing for bytecode_path returning None handled by all tests where no
-    # bytecode initially exists.
-
-    def test_all_paths_None(self):
-        # If all *_path methods return None, raise ImportError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: None})
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-            mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, name)
-
-    def test_source_path_ImportError(self):
-        # An ImportError from source_path should trigger an ImportError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({}, {name: {'path': os.path.join('path', 'to',
-                                                                'mod')}})
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-            mock.load_module(name)
-
-    def test_bytecode_path_ImportError(self):
-        # An ImportError from bytecode_path should trigger an ImportError.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = PyPycLoaderMock({name: os.path.join('path', 'to', 'mod')})
-        bad_meth = types.MethodType(raise_ImportError, mock)
-        mock.bytecode_path = bad_meth
-        with util.uncache(name), self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-            mock.load_module(name)
-
-
-class SourceLoaderTestHarness(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self, *, is_package=True, **kwargs):
-        self.package = 'pkg'
-        if is_package:
-            self.path = os.path.join(self.package, '__init__.py')
-            self.name = self.package
-        else:
-            module_name = 'mod'
-            self.path = os.path.join(self.package, '.'.join(['mod', 'py']))
-            self.name = '.'.join([self.package, module_name])
-        self.cached = imp.cache_from_source(self.path)
-        self.loader = self.loader_mock(self.path, **kwargs)
-
-    def verify_module(self, module):
-        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, self.name)
-        self.assertEqual(module.__file__, self.path)
-        self.assertEqual(module.__cached__, self.cached)
-        self.assertEqual(module.__package__, self.package)
-        self.assertEqual(module.__loader__, self.loader)
-        values = module._.split('::')
-        self.assertEqual(values[0], self.name)
-        self.assertEqual(values[1], self.path)
-        self.assertEqual(values[2], self.cached)
-        self.assertEqual(values[3], self.package)
-        self.assertEqual(values[4], repr(self.loader))
-
-    def verify_code(self, code_object):
-        module = imp.new_module(self.name)
-        module.__file__ = self.path
-        module.__cached__ = self.cached
-        module.__package__ = self.package
-        module.__loader__ = self.loader
-        module.__path__ = []
-        exec(code_object, module.__dict__)
-        self.verify_module(module)
-
-
-class SourceOnlyLoaderTests(SourceLoaderTestHarness):
-
-    """Test importlib.abc.SourceLoader for source-only loading.
-
-    Reload testing is subsumed by the tests for
-    importlib.util.module_for_loader.
-
-    """
-
-    loader_mock = SourceOnlyLoaderMock
-
-    def test_get_source(self):
-        # Verify the source code is returned as a string.
-        # If an IOError is raised by get_data then raise ImportError.
-        expected_source = self.loader.source.decode('utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(self.loader.get_source(self.name), expected_source)
-        def raise_IOError(path):
-            raise IOError
-        self.loader.get_data = raise_IOError
-        with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
-            self.loader.get_source(self.name)
-        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, self.name)
-
-    def test_is_package(self):
-        # Properly detect when loading a package.
-        self.setUp(is_package=False)
-        self.assertFalse(self.loader.is_package(self.name))
-        self.setUp(is_package=True)
-        self.assertTrue(self.loader.is_package(self.name))
-        self.assertFalse(self.loader.is_package(self.name + '.__init__'))
-
-    def test_get_code(self):
-        # Verify the code object is created.
-        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-        self.verify_code(code_object)
-
-    def test_load_module(self):
-        # Loading a module should set __name__, __loader__, __package__,
-        # __path__ (for packages), __file__, and __cached__.
-        # The module should also be put into sys.modules.
-        with util.uncache(self.name):
-            module = self.loader.load_module(self.name)
-            self.verify_module(module)
-            self.assertEqual(module.__path__, [os.path.dirname(self.path)])
-            self.assertIn(self.name, sys.modules)
-
-    def test_package_settings(self):
-        # __package__ needs to be set, while __path__ is set on if the module
-        # is a package.
-        # Testing the values for a package are covered by test_load_module.
-        self.setUp(is_package=False)
-        with util.uncache(self.name):
-            module = self.loader.load_module(self.name)
-            self.verify_module(module)
-            self.assertTrue(not hasattr(module, '__path__'))
-
-    def test_get_source_encoding(self):
-        # Source is considered encoded in UTF-8 by default unless otherwise
-        # specified by an encoding line.
-        source = "_ = 'ü'"
-        self.loader.source = source.encode('utf-8')
-        returned_source = self.loader.get_source(self.name)
-        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
-        source = "# coding: latin-1\n_ = ü"
-        self.loader.source = source.encode('latin-1')
-        returned_source = self.loader.get_source(self.name)
-        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
-
-
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.dont_write_bytecode, "sys.dont_write_bytecode is true")
-class SourceLoaderBytecodeTests(SourceLoaderTestHarness):
-
-    """Test importlib.abc.SourceLoader's use of bytecode.
-
-    Source-only testing handled by SourceOnlyLoaderTests.
-
-    """
-
-    loader_mock = SourceLoaderMock
-
-    def verify_code(self, code_object, *, bytecode_written=False):
-        super().verify_code(code_object)
-        if bytecode_written:
-            self.assertIn(self.cached, self.loader.written)
-            data = bytearray(imp.get_magic())
-            data.extend(importlib._w_long(self.loader.source_mtime))
-            data.extend(importlib._w_long(self.loader.source_size))
-            data.extend(marshal.dumps(code_object))
-            self.assertEqual(self.loader.written[self.cached], bytes(data))
-
-    def test_code_with_everything(self):
-        # When everything should work.
-        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-        self.verify_code(code_object)
-
-    def test_no_bytecode(self):
-        # If no bytecode exists then move on to the source.
-        self.loader.bytecode_path = "<does not exist>"
-        # Sanity check
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
-            bytecode_path = imp.cache_from_source(self.path)
-            self.loader.get_data(bytecode_path)
-        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-        self.verify_code(code_object, bytecode_written=True)
-
-    def test_code_bad_timestamp(self):
-        # Bytecode is only used when the timestamp matches the source EXACTLY.
-        for source_mtime in (0, 2):
-            assert source_mtime != self.loader.source_mtime
-            original = self.loader.source_mtime
-            self.loader.source_mtime = source_mtime
-            # If bytecode is used then EOFError would be raised by marshal.
-            self.loader.bytecode = self.loader.bytecode[8:]
-            code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-            self.verify_code(code_object, bytecode_written=True)
-            self.loader.source_mtime = original
-
-    def test_code_bad_magic(self):
-        # Skip over bytecode with a bad magic number.
-        self.setUp(magic=b'0000')
-        # If bytecode is used then EOFError would be raised by marshal.
-        self.loader.bytecode = self.loader.bytecode[8:]
-        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-        self.verify_code(code_object, bytecode_written=True)
-
-    def test_dont_write_bytecode(self):
-        # Bytecode is not written if sys.dont_write_bytecode is true.
-        # Can assume it is false already thanks to the skipIf class decorator.
-        try:
-            sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
-            self.loader.bytecode_path = "<does not exist>"
-            code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-            self.assertNotIn(self.cached, self.loader.written)
-        finally:
-            sys.dont_write_bytecode = False
-
-    def test_no_set_data(self):
-        # If set_data is not defined, one can still read bytecode.
-        self.setUp(magic=b'0000')
-        original_set_data = self.loader.__class__.set_data
-        try:
-            del self.loader.__class__.set_data
-            code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-            self.verify_code(code_object)
-        finally:
-            self.loader.__class__.set_data = original_set_data
-
-    def test_set_data_raises_exceptions(self):
-        # Raising NotImplementedError or IOError is okay for set_data.
-        def raise_exception(exc):
-            def closure(*args, **kwargs):
-                raise exc
-            return closure
-
-        self.setUp(magic=b'0000')
-        self.loader.set_data = raise_exception(NotImplementedError)
-        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
-        self.verify_code(code_object)
-
-
-class SourceLoaderGetSourceTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Tests for importlib.abc.SourceLoader.get_source()."""
-
-    def test_default_encoding(self):
-        # Should have no problems with UTF-8 text.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = SourceOnlyLoaderMock('mod.file')
-        source = 'x = "ü"'
-        mock.source = source.encode('utf-8')
-        returned_source = mock.get_source(name)
-        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
-
-    def test_decoded_source(self):
-        # Decoding should work.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = SourceOnlyLoaderMock("mod.file")
-        source = "# coding: Latin-1\nx='ü'"
-        assert source.encode('latin-1') != source.encode('utf-8')
-        mock.source = source.encode('latin-1')
-        returned_source = mock.get_source(name)
-        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
-
-    def test_universal_newlines(self):
-        # PEP 302 says universal newlines should be used.
-        name = 'mod'
-        mock = SourceOnlyLoaderMock('mod.file')
-        source = "x = 42\r\ny = -13\r\n"
-        mock.source = source.encode('utf-8')
-        expect = io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder(None, True).decode(source)
-        self.assertEqual(mock.get_source(name), expect)
-
-
-class AbstractMethodImplTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """Test the concrete abstractmethod implementations."""
-
-    class MetaPathFinder(abc.MetaPathFinder):
-        def find_module(self, fullname, path):
-            super().find_module(fullname, path)
-
-    class PathEntryFinder(abc.PathEntryFinder):
-        def find_module(self, _):
-            super().find_module(_)
-
-        def find_loader(self, _):
-            super().find_loader(_)
-
-    class Finder(abc.Finder):
-        def find_module(self, fullname, path):
-            super().find_module(fullname, path)
-
-    class Loader(abc.Loader):
-        def load_module(self, fullname):
-            super().load_module(fullname)
-        def module_repr(self, module):
-            super().module_repr(module)
-
-    class ResourceLoader(Loader, abc.ResourceLoader):
-        def get_data(self, _):
-            super().get_data(_)
-
-    class InspectLoader(Loader, abc.InspectLoader):
-        def is_package(self, _):
-            super().is_package(_)
-
-        def get_code(self, _):
-            super().get_code(_)
-
-        def get_source(self, _):
-            super().get_source(_)
-
-    class ExecutionLoader(InspectLoader, abc.ExecutionLoader):
-        def get_filename(self, _):
-            super().get_filename(_)
-
-    class SourceLoader(ResourceLoader, ExecutionLoader, abc.SourceLoader):
-        pass
-
-    class PyLoader(ResourceLoader, InspectLoader, abc.PyLoader):
-        def source_path(self, _):
-            super().source_path(_)
-
-    class PyPycLoader(PyLoader, abc.PyPycLoader):
-        def bytecode_path(self, _):
-            super().bytecode_path(_)
-
-        def source_mtime(self, _):
-            super().source_mtime(_)
-
-        def write_bytecode(self, _, _2):
-            super().write_bytecode(_, _2)
-
-    def raises_NotImplementedError(self, ins, *args):
-        for method_name in args:
-            method = getattr(ins, method_name)
-            arg_count = len(inspect.getfullargspec(method)[0]) - 1
-            args = [''] * arg_count
-            try:
-                method(*args)
-            except NotImplementedError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                msg = "{}.{} did not raise NotImplementedError"
-                self.fail(msg.format(ins.__class__.__name__, method_name))
-
-    def test_Loader(self):
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(self.Loader(), 'load_module')
-
-    # XXX misplaced; should be somewhere else
-    def test_Finder(self):
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(self.Finder(), 'find_module')
-
-    def test_ResourceLoader(self):
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(self.ResourceLoader(), 'load_module',
-                                        'get_data')
-
-    def test_InspectLoader(self):
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(self.InspectLoader(), 'load_module',
-                                        'is_package', 'get_code', 'get_source')
-
-    def test_ExecutionLoader(self):
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(self.ExecutionLoader(), 'load_module',
-                                        'is_package', 'get_code', 'get_source',
-                                        'get_filename')
-
-    def test_SourceLoader(self):
-        ins = self.SourceLoader()
-        # Required abstractmethods.
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(ins, 'get_filename', 'get_data')
-        # Optional abstractmethods.
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(ins,'path_stats', 'set_data')
-
-    def test_PyLoader(self):
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(self.PyLoader(), 'source_path',
-                                        'get_data', 'is_package')
-
-    def test_PyPycLoader(self):
-        self.raises_NotImplementedError(self.PyPycLoader(), 'source_path',
-                                        'source_mtime', 'bytecode_path',
-                                        'write_bytecode')
-
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(PyLoaderTests, PyLoaderCompatTests,
-                    PyLoaderInterfaceTests,
-                    PyPycLoaderTests, PyPycLoaderInterfaceTests,
-                    SkipWritingBytecodeTests, RegeneratedBytecodeTests,
-                    BadBytecodeFailureTests, MissingPathsTests,
-                    SourceOnlyLoaderTests,
-                    SourceLoaderBytecodeTests,
-                    SourceLoaderGetSourceTests,
-                    AbstractMethodImplTests)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_case_sensitivity.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_case_sensitivity.py
index 241173fb44..efd3146d90 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_case_sensitivity.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_case_sensitivity.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 """Test case-sensitivity (PEP 235)."""
-from importlib import _bootstrap
-from importlib import machinery
 from .. import util
 from . import util as source_util
-import imp
+
+importlib = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import os
 import sys
 from test import support as test_support
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ import unittest
 
 
 @util.case_insensitive_tests
-class CaseSensitivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class CaseSensitivityTest:
 
     """PEP 235 dictates that on case-preserving, case-insensitive file systems
     that imports are case-sensitive unless the PYTHONCASEOK environment
@@ -20,13 +21,12 @@ class CaseSensitivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
     name = 'MoDuLe'
     assert name != name.lower()
 
-    def find(self, path):
-        finder = machinery.FileFinder(path,
-                                      (machinery.SourceFileLoader,
-                                            machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES),
-                                        (machinery.SourcelessFileLoader,
-                                            machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES))
-        return finder.find_module(self.name)
+    def finder(self, path):
+        return self.machinery.FileFinder(path,
+                                      (self.machinery.SourceFileLoader,
+                                            self.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES),
+                                        (self.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader,
+                                            self.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES))
 
     def sensitivity_test(self):
         """Look for a module with matching and non-matching sensitivity."""
@@ -36,35 +36,48 @@ class CaseSensitivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with context as mapping:
             sensitive_path = os.path.join(mapping['.root'], 'sensitive')
             insensitive_path = os.path.join(mapping['.root'], 'insensitive')
-            return self.find(sensitive_path), self.find(insensitive_path)
+            sensitive_finder = self.finder(sensitive_path)
+            insensitive_finder = self.finder(insensitive_path)
+            return self.find(sensitive_finder), self.find(insensitive_finder)
 
     def test_sensitive(self):
         with test_support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
             env.unset('PYTHONCASEOK')
-            if b'PYTHONCASEOK' in _bootstrap._os.environ:
+            if b'PYTHONCASEOK' in self.importlib._bootstrap._os.environ:
                 self.skipTest('os.environ changes not reflected in '
                               '_os.environ')
             sensitive, insensitive = self.sensitivity_test()
-            self.assertTrue(hasattr(sensitive, 'load_module'))
+            self.assertIsNotNone(sensitive)
             self.assertIn(self.name, sensitive.get_filename(self.name))
             self.assertIsNone(insensitive)
 
     def test_insensitive(self):
         with test_support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
             env.set('PYTHONCASEOK', '1')
-            if b'PYTHONCASEOK' not in _bootstrap._os.environ:
+            if b'PYTHONCASEOK' not in self.importlib._bootstrap._os.environ:
                 self.skipTest('os.environ changes not reflected in '
                               '_os.environ')
             sensitive, insensitive = self.sensitivity_test()
-            self.assertTrue(hasattr(sensitive, 'load_module'))
+            self.assertIsNotNone(sensitive)
             self.assertIn(self.name, sensitive.get_filename(self.name))
-            self.assertTrue(hasattr(insensitive, 'load_module'))
+            self.assertIsNotNone(insensitive)
             self.assertIn(self.name, insensitive.get_filename(self.name))
 
+class CaseSensitivityTestPEP302(CaseSensitivityTest):
+    def find(self, finder):
+        return finder.find_module(self.name)
+
+Frozen_CaseSensitivityTestPEP302, Source_CaseSensitivityTestPEP302 = util.test_both(
+    CaseSensitivityTestPEP302, importlib=importlib, machinery=machinery)
+
+class CaseSensitivityTestPEP451(CaseSensitivityTest):
+    def find(self, finder):
+        found = finder.find_spec(self.name)
+        return found.loader if found is not None else found
 
-def test_main():
-    test_support.run_unittest(CaseSensitivityTest)
+Frozen_CaseSensitivityTestPEP451, Source_CaseSensitivityTestPEP451 = util.test_both(
+    CaseSensitivityTestPEP451, importlib=importlib, machinery=machinery)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_file_loader.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_file_loader.py
index d59969a8ce..25a3dae672 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_file_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_file_loader.py
@@ -1,52 +1,52 @@
-from importlib import machinery
-import importlib
-import importlib.abc
 from .. import abc
 from .. import util
 from . import util as source_util
 
+importlib = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+importlib_abc = util.import_importlib('importlib.abc')
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+importlib_util = util.import_importlib('importlib.util')
+
 import errno
-import imp
 import marshal
 import os
 import py_compile
 import shutil
 import stat
 import sys
+import types
 import unittest
+import warnings
 
-from test.support import make_legacy_pyc
+from test.support import make_legacy_pyc, unload
 
 
-class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class SimpleTest(abc.LoaderTests):
 
     """Should have no issue importing a source module [basic]. And if there is
     a syntax error, it should raise a SyntaxError [syntax error].
 
     """
 
-    def test_load_module_API(self):
-        # If fullname is not specified that assume self.name is desired.
-        class TesterMixin(importlib.abc.Loader):
-            def load_module(self, fullname): return fullname
-            def module_repr(self, module): return '<module>'
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.name = 'spam'
+        self.filepath = os.path.join('ham', self.name + '.py')
+        self.loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader(self.name, self.filepath)
 
-        class Tester(importlib.abc.FileLoader, TesterMixin):
-            def get_code(self, _): pass
-            def get_source(self, _): pass
-            def is_package(self, _): pass
+    def test_load_module_API(self):
+        class Tester(self.abc.FileLoader):
+            def get_source(self, _): return 'attr = 42'
+            def is_package(self, _): return False
 
-        name = 'mod_name'
-        loader = Tester(name, 'some_path')
-        self.assertEqual(name, loader.load_module())
-        self.assertEqual(name, loader.load_module(None))
-        self.assertEqual(name, loader.load_module(name))
-        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-            loader.load_module(loader.name + 'XXX')
+        loader = Tester('blah', 'blah.py')
+        self.addCleanup(unload, 'blah')
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            module = loader.load_module()  # Should not raise an exception.
 
     def test_get_filename_API(self):
         # If fullname is not set then assume self.path is desired.
-        class Tester(importlib.abc.FileLoader):
+        class Tester(self.abc.FileLoader):
             def get_code(self, _): pass
             def get_source(self, _): pass
             def is_package(self, _): pass
@@ -61,11 +61,21 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
             loader.get_filename(name + 'XXX')
 
+    def test_equality(self):
+        other = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader(self.name, self.filepath)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loader, other)
+
+    def test_inequality(self):
+        other = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_' + self.name, self.filepath)
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.loader, other)
+
     # [basic]
     def test_module(self):
         with source_util.create_modules('_temp') as mapping:
-            loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
-            module = loader.load_module('_temp')
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = loader.load_module('_temp')
             self.assertIn('_temp', sys.modules)
             check = {'__name__': '_temp', '__file__': mapping['_temp'],
                      '__package__': ''}
@@ -74,9 +84,11 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_package(self):
         with source_util.create_modules('_pkg.__init__') as mapping:
-            loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_pkg',
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_pkg',
                                                  mapping['_pkg.__init__'])
-            module = loader.load_module('_pkg')
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = loader.load_module('_pkg')
             self.assertIn('_pkg', sys.modules)
             check = {'__name__': '_pkg', '__file__': mapping['_pkg.__init__'],
                      '__path__': [os.path.dirname(mapping['_pkg.__init__'])],
@@ -87,9 +99,11 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_lacking_parent(self):
         with source_util.create_modules('_pkg.__init__', '_pkg.mod')as mapping:
-            loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_pkg.mod',
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_pkg.mod',
                                                     mapping['_pkg.mod'])
-            module = loader.load_module('_pkg.mod')
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = loader.load_module('_pkg.mod')
             self.assertIn('_pkg.mod', sys.modules)
             check = {'__name__': '_pkg.mod', '__file__': mapping['_pkg.mod'],
                      '__package__': '_pkg'}
@@ -102,13 +116,17 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_module_reuse(self):
         with source_util.create_modules('_temp') as mapping:
-            loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
-            module = loader.load_module('_temp')
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = loader.load_module('_temp')
             module_id = id(module)
             module_dict_id = id(module.__dict__)
             with open(mapping['_temp'], 'w') as file:
                 file.write("testing_var = 42\n")
-            module = loader.load_module('_temp')
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = loader.load_module('_temp')
             self.assertIn('testing_var', module.__dict__,
                          "'testing_var' not in "
                             "{0}".format(list(module.__dict__.keys())))
@@ -122,14 +140,20 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         value = '<test>'
         name = '_temp'
         with source_util.create_modules(name) as mapping:
-            orig_module = imp.new_module(name)
+            orig_module = types.ModuleType(name)
             for attr in attributes:
                 setattr(orig_module, attr, value)
             with open(mapping[name], 'w') as file:
                 file.write('+++ bad syntax +++')
-            loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
+            with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
+                loader.exec_module(orig_module)
+            for attr in attributes:
+                self.assertEqual(getattr(orig_module, attr), value)
             with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
-                loader.load_module(name)
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    loader.load_module(name)
             for attr in attributes:
                 self.assertEqual(getattr(orig_module, attr), value)
 
@@ -138,9 +162,11 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with source_util.create_modules('_temp') as mapping:
             with open(mapping['_temp'], 'w') as file:
                 file.write('=')
-            loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
             with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
-                loader.load_module('_temp')
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    loader.load_module('_temp')
             self.assertNotIn('_temp', sys.modules)
 
     def test_file_from_empty_string_dir(self):
@@ -151,14 +177,16 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
             file.write("# test file for importlib")
         try:
             with util.uncache('_temp'):
-                loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', file_path)
-                mod = loader.load_module('_temp')
+                loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', file_path)
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    mod = loader.load_module('_temp')
                 self.assertEqual(file_path, mod.__file__)
-                self.assertEqual(imp.cache_from_source(file_path),
+                self.assertEqual(self.util.cache_from_source(file_path),
                                  mod.__cached__)
         finally:
             os.unlink(file_path)
-            pycache = os.path.dirname(imp.cache_from_source(file_path))
+            pycache = os.path.dirname(self.util.cache_from_source(file_path))
             if os.path.exists(pycache):
                 shutil.rmtree(pycache)
 
@@ -167,7 +195,7 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # truncated rather than raise an OverflowError.
         with source_util.create_modules('_temp') as mapping:
             source = mapping['_temp']
-            compiled = imp.cache_from_source(source)
+            compiled = self.util.cache_from_source(source)
             with open(source, 'w') as f:
                 f.write("x = 5")
             try:
@@ -178,20 +206,48 @@ class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 if e.errno != getattr(errno, 'EOVERFLOW', None):
                     raise
                 self.skipTest("cannot set modification time to large integer ({})".format(e))
-            loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
-            mod = loader.load_module('_temp')
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'])
+            # PEP 451
+            module = types.ModuleType('_temp')
+            module.__spec__ = self.util.spec_from_loader('_temp', loader)
+            loader.exec_module(module)
+            self.assertEqual(module.x, 5)
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(compiled))
+            os.unlink(compiled)
+            # PEP 302
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                mod = loader.load_module('_temp') # XXX
             # Sanity checks.
             self.assertEqual(mod.__cached__, compiled)
             self.assertEqual(mod.x, 5)
             # The pyc file was created.
-            os.stat(compiled)
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(compiled))
+
+    def test_unloadable(self):
+        loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader('good name', {})
+        module = types.ModuleType('bad name')
+        module.__spec__ = self.machinery.ModuleSpec('bad name', loader)
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            loader.exec_module(module)
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                loader.load_module('bad name')
+
+Frozen_SimpleTest, Source_SimpleTest = util.test_both(
+        SimpleTest, importlib=importlib, machinery=machinery, abc=importlib_abc,
+        util=importlib_util)
 
 
-class BadBytecodeTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class BadBytecodeTest:
 
     def import_(self, file, module_name):
         loader = self.loader(module_name, file)
-        module = loader.load_module(module_name)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            # XXX Change to use exec_module().
+            module = loader.load_module(module_name)
         self.assertIn(module_name, sys.modules)
 
     def manipulate_bytecode(self, name, mapping, manipulator, *,
@@ -204,7 +260,7 @@ class BadBytecodeTest(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
         py_compile.compile(mapping[name])
         if not del_source:
-            bytecode_path = imp.cache_from_source(mapping[name])
+            bytecode_path = self.util.cache_from_source(mapping[name])
         else:
             os.unlink(mapping[name])
             bytecode_path = make_legacy_pyc(mapping[name])
@@ -290,10 +346,29 @@ class BadBytecodeTest(unittest.TestCase):
                                     lambda bc: b'\x00\x00\x00\x00' + bc[4:])
             test('_temp', mapping, bc_path)
 
+class BadBytecodeTestPEP451(BadBytecodeTest):
+
+    def import_(self, file, module_name):
+        loader = self.loader(module_name, file)
+        module = types.ModuleType(module_name)
+        module.__spec__ = self.util.spec_from_loader(module_name, loader)
+        loader.exec_module(module)
+
+class BadBytecodeTestPEP302(BadBytecodeTest):
+
+    def import_(self, file, module_name):
+        loader = self.loader(module_name, file)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            module = loader.load_module(module_name)
+        self.assertIn(module_name, sys.modules)
 
-class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest(BadBytecodeTest):
 
-    loader = machinery.SourceFileLoader
+class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest:
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.loader = cls.machinery.SourceFileLoader
 
     @source_util.writes_bytecode_files
     def test_empty_file(self):
@@ -332,7 +407,8 @@ class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest(BadBytecodeTest):
         def test(name, mapping, bytecode_path):
             self.import_(mapping[name], name)
             with open(bytecode_path, 'rb') as bytecode_file:
-                self.assertEqual(bytecode_file.read(4), imp.get_magic())
+                self.assertEqual(bytecode_file.read(4),
+                                 self.util.MAGIC_NUMBER)
 
         self._test_bad_magic(test)
 
@@ -382,13 +458,13 @@ class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest(BadBytecodeTest):
         zeros = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
         with source_util.create_modules('_temp') as mapping:
             py_compile.compile(mapping['_temp'])
-            bytecode_path = imp.cache_from_source(mapping['_temp'])
+            bytecode_path = self.util.cache_from_source(mapping['_temp'])
             with open(bytecode_path, 'r+b') as bytecode_file:
                 bytecode_file.seek(4)
                 bytecode_file.write(zeros)
             self.import_(mapping['_temp'], '_temp')
             source_mtime = os.path.getmtime(mapping['_temp'])
-            source_timestamp = importlib._w_long(source_mtime)
+            source_timestamp = self.importlib._w_long(source_mtime)
             with open(bytecode_path, 'rb') as bytecode_file:
                 bytecode_file.seek(4)
                 self.assertEqual(bytecode_file.read(4), source_timestamp)
@@ -400,7 +476,7 @@ class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest(BadBytecodeTest):
         with source_util.create_modules('_temp') as mapping:
             # Create bytecode that will need to be re-created.
             py_compile.compile(mapping['_temp'])
-            bytecode_path = imp.cache_from_source(mapping['_temp'])
+            bytecode_path = self.util.cache_from_source(mapping['_temp'])
             with open(bytecode_path, 'r+b') as bytecode_file:
                 bytecode_file.seek(0)
                 bytecode_file.write(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
@@ -408,16 +484,34 @@ class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest(BadBytecodeTest):
             os.chmod(bytecode_path,
                         stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
             try:
-                # Should not raise IOError!
+                # Should not raise OSError!
                 self.import_(mapping['_temp'], '_temp')
             finally:
                 # Make writable for eventual clean-up.
                 os.chmod(bytecode_path, stat.S_IWUSR)
 
+class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP451(
+        SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest, BadBytecodeTestPEP451):
+    pass
+
+Frozen_SourceBadBytecodePEP451, Source_SourceBadBytecodePEP451 = util.test_both(
+        SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP451, importlib=importlib, machinery=machinery,
+        abc=importlib_abc, util=importlib_util)
+
+class SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP302(
+        SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest, BadBytecodeTestPEP302):
+    pass
+
+Frozen_SourceBadBytecodePEP302, Source_SourceBadBytecodePEP302 = util.test_both(
+        SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP302, importlib=importlib, machinery=machinery,
+        abc=importlib_abc, util=importlib_util)
 
-class SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTest(BadBytecodeTest):
 
-    loader = machinery.SourcelessFileLoader
+class SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTest:
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        cls.loader = cls.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader
 
     def test_empty_file(self):
         def test(name, mapping, bytecode_path):
@@ -472,14 +566,22 @@ class SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTest(BadBytecodeTest):
     def test_non_code_marshal(self):
         self._test_non_code_marshal(del_source=True)
 
+class SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP451(SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTest,
+        BadBytecodeTestPEP451):
+    pass
+
+Frozen_SourcelessBadBytecodePEP451, Source_SourcelessBadBytecodePEP451 = util.test_both(
+        SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP451, importlib=importlib,
+        machinery=machinery, abc=importlib_abc, util=importlib_util)
+
+class SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP302(SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTest,
+        BadBytecodeTestPEP302):
+    pass
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(SimpleTest,
-                 SourceLoaderBadBytecodeTest,
-                 SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTest
-                )
+Frozen_SourcelessBadBytecodePEP302, Source_SourcelessBadBytecodePEP302 = util.test_both(
+        SourcelessLoaderBadBytecodeTestPEP302, importlib=importlib,
+        machinery=machinery, abc=importlib_abc, util=importlib_util)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_finder.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_finder.py
index 8e4986835d..473297bdc8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_finder.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 from .. import abc
+from .. import util
 from . import util as source_util
 
-from importlib import machinery
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import errno
-import imp
 import os
 import py_compile
 import stat
@@ -39,14 +40,15 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
     """
 
     def get_finder(self, root):
-        loader_details = [(machinery.SourceFileLoader,
-                            machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES),
-                          (machinery.SourcelessFileLoader,
-                            machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES)]
-        return machinery.FileFinder(root, *loader_details)
+        loader_details = [(self.machinery.SourceFileLoader,
+                            self.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES),
+                          (self.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader,
+                            self.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES)]
+        return self.machinery.FileFinder(root, *loader_details)
 
     def import_(self, root, module):
-        return self.get_finder(root).find_module(module)
+        finder = self.get_finder(root)
+        return self._find(finder, module, loader_only=True)
 
     def run_test(self, test, create=None, *, compile_=None, unlink=None):
         """Test the finding of 'test' with the creation of modules listed in
@@ -124,20 +126,20 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
 
     def test_empty_string_for_dir(self):
         # The empty string from sys.path means to search in the cwd.
-        finder = machinery.FileFinder('', (machinery.SourceFileLoader,
-            machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES))
+        finder = self.machinery.FileFinder('', (self.machinery.SourceFileLoader,
+            self.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES))
         with open('mod.py', 'w') as file:
             file.write("# test file for importlib")
         try:
-            loader = finder.find_module('mod')
+            loader = self._find(finder, 'mod', loader_only=True)
             self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
         finally:
             os.unlink('mod.py')
 
     def test_invalidate_caches(self):
         # invalidate_caches() should reset the mtime.
-        finder = machinery.FileFinder('', (machinery.SourceFileLoader,
-            machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES))
+        finder = self.machinery.FileFinder('', (self.machinery.SourceFileLoader,
+            self.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES))
         finder._path_mtime = 42
         finder.invalidate_caches()
         self.assertEqual(finder._path_mtime, -1)
@@ -147,8 +149,10 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
         mod = 'mod'
         with source_util.create_modules(mod) as mapping:
             finder = self.get_finder(mapping['.root'])
-            self.assertIsNotNone(finder.find_module(mod))
-        self.assertIsNone(finder.find_module(mod))
+            found = self._find(finder, 'mod', loader_only=True)
+            self.assertIsNotNone(found)
+        found = self._find(finder, 'mod', loader_only=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(found)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform != 'win32',
             'os.chmod() does not support the needed arguments under Windows')
@@ -172,20 +176,57 @@ class FinderTests(abc.FinderTests):
         self.addCleanup(cleanup, tempdir)
         os.chmod(tempdir.name, stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR)
         finder = self.get_finder(tempdir.name)
-        self.assertEqual((None, []), finder.find_loader('doesnotexist'))
+        found = self._find(finder, 'doesnotexist')
+        self.assertEqual(found, self.NOT_FOUND)
 
     def test_ignore_file(self):
         # If a directory got changed to a file from underneath us, then don't
         # worry about looking for submodules.
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as file_obj:
             finder = self.get_finder(file_obj.name)
-            self.assertEqual((None, []), finder.find_loader('doesnotexist'))
+            found = self._find(finder, 'doesnotexist')
+            self.assertEqual(found, self.NOT_FOUND)
+
+
+class FinderTestsPEP451(FinderTests):
+
+    NOT_FOUND = None
+
+    def _find(self, finder, name, loader_only=False):
+        spec = finder.find_spec(name)
+        return spec.loader if spec is not None else spec
+
+Frozen_FinderTestsPEP451, Source_FinderTestsPEP451 = util.test_both(
+        FinderTestsPEP451, machinery=machinery)
+
+
+class FinderTestsPEP420(FinderTests):
+
+    NOT_FOUND = (None, [])
+
+    def _find(self, finder, name, loader_only=False):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
+            loader_portions = finder.find_loader(name)
+            return loader_portions[0] if loader_only else loader_portions
+
+Frozen_FinderTestsPEP420, Source_FinderTestsPEP420 = util.test_both(
+        FinderTestsPEP420, machinery=machinery)
+
+
+class FinderTestsPEP302(FinderTests):
+
+    NOT_FOUND = None
+
+    def _find(self, finder, name, loader_only=False):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
+            return finder.find_module(name)
 
+Frozen_FinderTestsPEP302, Source_FinderTestsPEP302 = util.test_both(
+        FinderTestsPEP302, machinery=machinery)
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(FinderTests)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_path_hook.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_path_hook.py
index 6a78792f07..92da77265b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_path_hook.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_path_hook.py
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
+from .. import util
 from . import util as source_util
 
-from importlib import machinery
-import imp
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import unittest
 
 
-class PathHookTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class PathHookTest:
 
     """Test the path hook for source."""
 
     def path_hook(self):
-        return machinery.FileFinder.path_hook((machinery.SourceFileLoader,
-            machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES))
+        return self.machinery.FileFinder.path_hook((self.machinery.SourceFileLoader,
+            self.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES))
 
     def test_success(self):
         with source_util.create_modules('dummy') as mapping:
@@ -22,11 +23,8 @@ class PathHookTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # The empty string represents the cwd.
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.path_hook()(''), 'find_module'))
 
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(PathHookTest)
+Frozen_PathHookTest, Source_PathHooktest = util.test_both(PathHookTest, machinery=machinery)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_source_encoding.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_source_encoding.py
index ba02b44274..c62dfa108d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_source_encoding.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/test_source_encoding.py
@@ -1,19 +1,24 @@
+from .. import util
 from . import util as source_util
 
-from importlib import _bootstrap
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
 import codecs
+import importlib.util
 import re
 import sys
+import types
 # Because sys.path gets essentially blanked, need to have unicodedata already
 # imported for the parser to use.
 import unicodedata
 import unittest
+import warnings
 
 
 CODING_RE = re.compile(r'^[ \t\f]*#.*coding[:=][ \t]*([-\w.]+)', re.ASCII)
 
 
-class EncodingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class EncodingTest:
 
     """PEP 3120 makes UTF-8 the default encoding for source code
     [default encoding].
@@ -35,9 +40,9 @@ class EncodingTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with source_util.create_modules(self.module_name) as mapping:
             with open(mapping[self.module_name], 'wb') as file:
                 file.write(source)
-            loader = _bootstrap.SourceFileLoader(self.module_name,
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader(self.module_name,
                                                   mapping[self.module_name])
-            return loader.load_module(self.module_name)
+            return self.load(loader)
 
     def create_source(self, encoding):
         encoding_line = "# coding={0}".format(encoding)
@@ -84,8 +89,29 @@ class EncodingTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
             self.run_test(source)
 
+class EncodingTestPEP451(EncodingTest):
+
+    def load(self, loader):
+        module = types.ModuleType(self.module_name)
+        module.__spec__ = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(self.module_name, loader)
+        loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module
+
+Frozen_EncodingTestPEP451, Source_EncodingTestPEP451 = util.test_both(
+        EncodingTestPEP451, machinery=machinery)
+
+class EncodingTestPEP302(EncodingTest):
+
+    def load(self, loader):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            return loader.load_module(self.module_name)
+
+Frozen_EncodingTestPEP302, Source_EncodingTestPEP302 = util.test_both(
+        EncodingTestPEP302, machinery=machinery)
 
-class LineEndingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class LineEndingTest:
 
     r"""Source written with the three types of line endings (\n, \r\n, \r)
     need to be readable [cr][crlf][lf]."""
@@ -97,9 +123,9 @@ class LineEndingTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with source_util.create_modules(module_name) as mapping:
             with open(mapping[module_name], 'wb') as file:
                 file.write(source)
-            loader = _bootstrap.SourceFileLoader(module_name,
-                                                 mapping[module_name])
-            return loader.load_module(module_name)
+            loader = self.machinery.SourceFileLoader(module_name,
+                                                     mapping[module_name])
+            return self.load(loader, module_name)
 
     # [cr]
     def test_cr(self):
@@ -113,11 +139,27 @@ class LineEndingTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_lf(self):
         self.run_test(b'\n')
 
+class LineEndingTestPEP451(LineEndingTest):
+
+    def load(self, loader, module_name):
+        module = types.ModuleType(module_name)
+        module.__spec__ = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(module_name, loader)
+        loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module
+
+Frozen_LineEndingTestPEP451, Source_LineEndingTestPEP451 = util.test_both(
+        LineEndingTestPEP451, machinery=machinery)
+
+class LineEndingTestPEP302(LineEndingTest):
+
+    def load(self, loader, module_name):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            return loader.load_module(module_name)
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(EncodingTest, LineEndingTest)
+Frozen_LineEndingTestPEP302, Source_LineEndingTestPEP302 = util.test_both(
+        LineEndingTestPEP302, machinery=machinery)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/util.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/util.py
index ae65663a67..63cd25adc4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/util.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/source/util.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from .. import util
 import contextlib
 import errno
 import functools
-import imp
 import os
 import os.path
 import sys
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_abc.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_abc.py
index c620c3771b..09b72949ca 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_abc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_abc.py
@@ -1,9 +1,23 @@
-from importlib import abc
-from importlib import machinery
+import contextlib
 import inspect
+import io
+import marshal
+import os
+import sys
+from test import support
+import types
 import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+import warnings
 
+from . import util
 
+frozen_init, source_init = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+frozen_abc, source_abc = util.import_importlib('importlib.abc')
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+frozen_util, source_util = util.import_importlib('importlib.util')
+
+##### Inheritance ##############################################################
 class InheritanceTests:
 
     """Test that the specified class is a subclass/superclass of the expected
@@ -14,8 +28,19 @@ class InheritanceTests:
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.superclasses = [getattr(self.abc, class_name)
+                             for class_name in self.superclass_names]
+        if hasattr(self, 'subclass_names'):
+            # Because test.support.import_fresh_module() creates a new
+            # importlib._bootstrap per module, inheritance checks fail when
+            # checking across module boundaries (i.e. the _bootstrap in abc is
+            # not the same as the one in machinery). That means stealing one of
+            # the modules from the other to make sure the same instance is used.
+            self.subclasses = [getattr(self.abc.machinery, class_name)
+                                for class_name in self.subclass_names]
         assert self.subclasses or self.superclasses, self.__class__
-        self.__test = getattr(abc, self.__class__.__name__)
+        testing = self.__class__.__name__.partition('_')[2]
+        self.__test = getattr(self.abc, testing)
 
     def test_subclasses(self):
         # Test that the expected subclasses inherit.
@@ -29,75 +54,898 @@ class InheritanceTests:
             self.assertTrue(issubclass(self.__test, superclass),
                "{0} is not a superclass of {1}".format(superclass, self.__test))
 
+def create_inheritance_tests(base_class):
+    def set_frozen(ns):
+        ns['abc'] = frozen_abc
+    def set_source(ns):
+        ns['abc'] = source_abc
 
-class MetaPathFinder(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    classes = []
+    for prefix, ns_set in [('Frozen', set_frozen), ('Source', set_source)]:
+        classes.append(types.new_class('_'.join([prefix, base_class.__name__]),
+                                       (base_class, unittest.TestCase),
+                                       exec_body=ns_set))
+    return classes
 
-    superclasses = [abc.Finder]
-    subclasses = [machinery.BuiltinImporter, machinery.FrozenImporter,
-                    machinery.PathFinder, machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder]
 
+class MetaPathFinder(InheritanceTests):
+    superclass_names = ['Finder']
+    subclass_names = ['BuiltinImporter', 'FrozenImporter', 'PathFinder',
+                      'WindowsRegistryFinder']
 
-class PathEntryFinder(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+tests = create_inheritance_tests(MetaPathFinder)
+Frozen_MetaPathFinderInheritanceTests, Source_MetaPathFinderInheritanceTests = tests
 
-    superclasses = [abc.Finder]
-    subclasses = [machinery.FileFinder]
 
+class PathEntryFinder(InheritanceTests):
+    superclass_names = ['Finder']
+    subclass_names = ['FileFinder']
 
-class Loader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+tests = create_inheritance_tests(PathEntryFinder)
+Frozen_PathEntryFinderInheritanceTests, Source_PathEntryFinderInheritanceTests = tests
 
-    subclasses = [abc.PyLoader]
 
+class ResourceLoader(InheritanceTests):
+    superclass_names = ['Loader']
 
-class ResourceLoader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+tests = create_inheritance_tests(ResourceLoader)
+Frozen_ResourceLoaderInheritanceTests, Source_ResourceLoaderInheritanceTests = tests
 
-    superclasses = [abc.Loader]
 
+class InspectLoader(InheritanceTests):
+    superclass_names = ['Loader']
+    subclass_names = ['BuiltinImporter', 'FrozenImporter', 'ExtensionFileLoader']
 
-class InspectLoader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+tests = create_inheritance_tests(InspectLoader)
+Frozen_InspectLoaderInheritanceTests, Source_InspectLoaderInheritanceTests = tests
 
-    superclasses = [abc.Loader]
-    subclasses = [abc.PyLoader, machinery.BuiltinImporter,
-                    machinery.FrozenImporter, machinery.ExtensionFileLoader]
 
+class ExecutionLoader(InheritanceTests):
+    superclass_names = ['InspectLoader']
+    subclass_names = ['ExtensionFileLoader']
 
-class ExecutionLoader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+tests = create_inheritance_tests(ExecutionLoader)
+Frozen_ExecutionLoaderInheritanceTests, Source_ExecutionLoaderInheritanceTests = tests
 
-    superclasses = [abc.InspectLoader]
-    subclasses = [abc.PyLoader]
 
+class FileLoader(InheritanceTests):
+    superclass_names = ['ResourceLoader', 'ExecutionLoader']
+    subclass_names = ['SourceFileLoader', 'SourcelessFileLoader']
 
-class FileLoader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+tests = create_inheritance_tests(FileLoader)
+Frozen_FileLoaderInheritanceTests, Source_FileLoaderInheritanceTests = tests
 
-    superclasses = [abc.ResourceLoader, abc.ExecutionLoader]
-    subclasses = [machinery.SourceFileLoader, machinery.SourcelessFileLoader]
 
+class SourceLoader(InheritanceTests):
+    superclass_names = ['ResourceLoader', 'ExecutionLoader']
+    subclass_names = ['SourceFileLoader']
 
-class SourceLoader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+tests = create_inheritance_tests(SourceLoader)
+Frozen_SourceLoaderInheritanceTests, Source_SourceLoaderInheritanceTests = tests
 
-    superclasses = [abc.ResourceLoader, abc.ExecutionLoader]
-    subclasses = [machinery.SourceFileLoader]
+##### Default return values ####################################################
+def make_abc_subclasses(base_class):
+    classes = []
+    for kind, abc in [('Frozen', frozen_abc), ('Source', source_abc)]:
+        name = '_'.join([kind, base_class.__name__])
+        base_classes = base_class, getattr(abc, base_class.__name__)
+        classes.append(types.new_class(name, base_classes))
+    return classes
 
+def make_return_value_tests(base_class, test_class):
+    frozen_class, source_class = make_abc_subclasses(base_class)
+    tests = []
+    for prefix, class_in_test in [('Frozen', frozen_class), ('Source', source_class)]:
+        def set_ns(ns):
+            ns['ins'] = class_in_test()
+        tests.append(types.new_class('_'.join([prefix, test_class.__name__]),
+                                     (test_class, unittest.TestCase),
+                                     exec_body=set_ns))
+    return tests
 
-class PyLoader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
 
-    superclasses = [abc.Loader, abc.ResourceLoader, abc.ExecutionLoader]
+class MetaPathFinder:
 
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path):
+        return super().find_module(fullname, path)
 
-class PyPycLoader(InheritanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+Frozen_MPF, Source_MPF = make_abc_subclasses(MetaPathFinder)
 
-    superclasses = [abc.PyLoader]
 
+class MetaPathFinderDefaultsTests:
 
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    classes = []
-    for class_ in globals().values():
-        if (inspect.isclass(class_) and
-                issubclass(class_, unittest.TestCase) and
-                issubclass(class_, InheritanceTests)):
-            classes.append(class_)
-    run_unittest(*classes)
+    def test_find_module(self):
+        # Default should return None.
+        self.assertIsNone(self.ins.find_module('something', None))
+
+    def test_invalidate_caches(self):
+        # Calling the method is a no-op.
+        self.ins.invalidate_caches()
+
+
+tests = make_return_value_tests(MetaPathFinder, MetaPathFinderDefaultsTests)
+Frozen_MPFDefaultTests, Source_MPFDefaultTests = tests
+
+
+class PathEntryFinder:
+
+    def find_loader(self, fullname):
+        return super().find_loader(fullname)
+
+Frozen_PEF, Source_PEF = make_abc_subclasses(PathEntryFinder)
+
+
+class PathEntryFinderDefaultsTests:
+
+    def test_find_loader(self):
+        self.assertEqual((None, []), self.ins.find_loader('something'))
+
+    def find_module(self):
+        self.assertEqual(None, self.ins.find_module('something'))
+
+    def test_invalidate_caches(self):
+        # Should be a no-op.
+        self.ins.invalidate_caches()
+
+
+tests = make_return_value_tests(PathEntryFinder, PathEntryFinderDefaultsTests)
+Frozen_PEFDefaultTests, Source_PEFDefaultTests = tests
+
+
+class Loader:
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        return super().load_module(fullname)
+
+
+Frozen_L, Source_L = make_abc_subclasses(Loader)
+
+
+class LoaderDefaultsTests:
+
+    def test_load_module(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            self.ins.load_module('something')
+
+    def test_module_repr(self):
+        mod = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            self.ins.module_repr(mod)
+        original_repr = repr(mod)
+        mod.__loader__ = self.ins
+        # Should still return a proper repr.
+        self.assertTrue(repr(mod))
+
+
+tests = make_return_value_tests(Loader, LoaderDefaultsTests)
+Frozen_LDefaultTests, SourceLDefaultTests = tests
+
+
+class ResourceLoader(Loader):
+
+    def get_data(self, path):
+        return super().get_data(path)
+
+
+Frozen_RL, Source_RL = make_abc_subclasses(ResourceLoader)
+
+
+class ResourceLoaderDefaultsTests:
+
+    def test_get_data(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            self.ins.get_data('/some/path')
+
+
+tests = make_return_value_tests(ResourceLoader, ResourceLoaderDefaultsTests)
+Frozen_RLDefaultTests, Source_RLDefaultTests = tests
+
+
+class InspectLoader(Loader):
+
+    def is_package(self, fullname):
+        return super().is_package(fullname)
+
+    def get_source(self, fullname):
+        return super().get_source(fullname)
+
+
+Frozen_IL, Source_IL = make_abc_subclasses(InspectLoader)
+
+
+class InspectLoaderDefaultsTests:
+
+    def test_is_package(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            self.ins.is_package('blah')
+
+    def test_get_source(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            self.ins.get_source('blah')
+
+
+tests = make_return_value_tests(InspectLoader, InspectLoaderDefaultsTests)
+Frozen_ILDefaultTests, Source_ILDefaultTests = tests
+
+
+class ExecutionLoader(InspectLoader):
+
+    def get_filename(self, fullname):
+        return super().get_filename(fullname)
+
+Frozen_EL, Source_EL = make_abc_subclasses(ExecutionLoader)
+
+
+class ExecutionLoaderDefaultsTests:
+
+    def test_get_filename(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            self.ins.get_filename('blah')
+
+
+tests = make_return_value_tests(ExecutionLoader, InspectLoaderDefaultsTests)
+Frozen_ELDefaultTests, Source_ELDefaultsTests = tests
+
+##### MetaPathFinder concrete methods ##########################################
+
+class MetaPathFinderFindModuleTests:
+
+    @classmethod
+    def finder(cls, spec):
+        class MetaPathSpecFinder(cls.abc.MetaPathFinder):
+
+            def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+                self.called_for = fullname, path
+                return spec
+
+        return MetaPathSpecFinder()
+
+    def test_no_spec(self):
+        finder = self.finder(None)
+        path = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+        name = 'blah'
+        found = finder.find_module(name, path)
+        self.assertIsNone(found)
+        self.assertEqual(name, finder.called_for[0])
+        self.assertEqual(path, finder.called_for[1])
+
+    def test_spec(self):
+        loader = object()
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader('blah', loader)
+        finder = self.finder(spec)
+        found = finder.find_module('blah', None)
+        self.assertIs(found, spec.loader)
+
+
+Frozen_MPFFindModuleTests, Source_MPFFindModuleTests = util.test_both(
+        MetaPathFinderFindModuleTests,
+        abc=(frozen_abc, source_abc),
+        util=(frozen_util, source_util))
+
+##### PathEntryFinder concrete methods #########################################
+
+class PathEntryFinderFindLoaderTests:
+
+    @classmethod
+    def finder(cls, spec):
+        class PathEntrySpecFinder(cls.abc.PathEntryFinder):
+
+            def find_spec(self, fullname, target=None):
+                self.called_for = fullname
+                return spec
+
+        return PathEntrySpecFinder()
+
+    def test_no_spec(self):
+        finder = self.finder(None)
+        name = 'blah'
+        found = finder.find_loader(name)
+        self.assertIsNone(found[0])
+        self.assertEqual([], found[1])
+        self.assertEqual(name, finder.called_for)
+
+    def test_spec_with_loader(self):
+        loader = object()
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader('blah', loader)
+        finder = self.finder(spec)
+        found = finder.find_loader('blah')
+        self.assertIs(found[0], spec.loader)
+
+    def test_spec_with_portions(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec('blah', None)
+        paths = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+        spec.submodule_search_locations = paths
+        finder = self.finder(spec)
+        found = finder.find_loader('blah')
+        self.assertIsNone(found[0])
+        self.assertEqual(paths, found[1])
+
+
+Frozen_PEFFindLoaderTests, Source_PEFFindLoaderTests = util.test_both(
+        PathEntryFinderFindLoaderTests,
+        abc=(frozen_abc, source_abc),
+        machinery=machinery,
+        util=(frozen_util, source_util))
+
+
+##### Loader concrete methods ##################################################
+class LoaderLoadModuleTests:
+
+    def loader(self):
+        class SpecLoader(self.abc.Loader):
+            found = None
+            def exec_module(self, module):
+                self.found = module
+
+            def is_package(self, fullname):
+                """Force some non-default module state to be set."""
+                return True
+
+        return SpecLoader()
+
+    def test_fresh(self):
+        loader = self.loader()
+        name = 'blah'
+        with util.uncache(name):
+            loader.load_module(name)
+            module = loader.found
+            self.assertIs(sys.modules[name], module)
+        self.assertEqual(loader, module.__loader__)
+        self.assertEqual(loader, module.__spec__.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(name, module.__name__)
+        self.assertEqual(name, module.__spec__.name)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(module.__path__)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(module.__path__,
+                             module.__spec__.submodule_search_locations)
+
+    def test_reload(self):
+        name = 'blah'
+        loader = self.loader()
+        module = types.ModuleType(name)
+        module.__spec__ = self.util.spec_from_loader(name, loader)
+        module.__loader__ = loader
+        with util.uncache(name):
+            sys.modules[name] = module
+            loader.load_module(name)
+            found = loader.found
+            self.assertIs(found, sys.modules[name])
+            self.assertIs(module, sys.modules[name])
+
+
+Frozen_LoaderLoadModuleTests, Source_LoaderLoadModuleTests = util.test_both(
+        LoaderLoadModuleTests,
+        abc=(frozen_abc, source_abc),
+        util=(frozen_util, source_util))
+
+
+##### InspectLoader concrete methods ###########################################
+class InspectLoaderSourceToCodeTests:
+
+    def source_to_module(self, data, path=None):
+        """Help with source_to_code() tests."""
+        module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+        if path is None:
+            code = loader.source_to_code(data)
+        else:
+            code = loader.source_to_code(data, path)
+        exec(code, module.__dict__)
+        return module
+
+    def test_source_to_code_source(self):
+        # Since compile() can handle strings, so should source_to_code().
+        source = 'attr = 42'
+        module = self.source_to_module(source)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'attr'))
+        self.assertEqual(module.attr, 42)
+
+    def test_source_to_code_bytes(self):
+        # Since compile() can handle bytes, so should source_to_code().
+        source = b'attr = 42'
+        module = self.source_to_module(source)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'attr'))
+        self.assertEqual(module.attr, 42)
+
+    def test_source_to_code_path(self):
+        # Specifying a path should set it for the code object.
+        path = 'path/to/somewhere'
+        loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+        code = loader.source_to_code('', path)
+        self.assertEqual(code.co_filename, path)
+
+    def test_source_to_code_no_path(self):
+        # Not setting a path should still work and be set to <string> since that
+        # is a pre-existing practice as a default to compile().
+        loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+        code = loader.source_to_code('')
+        self.assertEqual(code.co_filename, '<string>')
+
+
+class Frozen_ILSourceToCodeTests(InspectLoaderSourceToCodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    InspectLoaderSubclass = Frozen_IL
+
+class Source_ILSourceToCodeTests(InspectLoaderSourceToCodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    InspectLoaderSubclass = Source_IL
+
+
+class InspectLoaderGetCodeTests:
+
+    def test_get_code(self):
+        # Test success.
+        module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        with mock.patch.object(self.InspectLoaderSubclass, 'get_source') as mocked:
+            mocked.return_value = 'attr = 42'
+            loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+            code = loader.get_code('blah')
+        exec(code, module.__dict__)
+        self.assertEqual(module.attr, 42)
+
+    def test_get_code_source_is_None(self):
+        # If get_source() is None then this should be None.
+        with mock.patch.object(self.InspectLoaderSubclass, 'get_source') as mocked:
+            mocked.return_value = None
+            loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+            code = loader.get_code('blah')
+        self.assertIsNone(code)
+
+    def test_get_code_source_not_found(self):
+        # If there is no source then there is no code object.
+        loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            loader.get_code('blah')
+
+
+class Frozen_ILGetCodeTests(InspectLoaderGetCodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    InspectLoaderSubclass = Frozen_IL
+
+class Source_ILGetCodeTests(InspectLoaderGetCodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    InspectLoaderSubclass = Source_IL
+
+
+class InspectLoaderLoadModuleTests:
+
+    """Test InspectLoader.load_module()."""
+
+    module_name = 'blah'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        support.unload(self.module_name)
+        self.addCleanup(support.unload, self.module_name)
+
+    def mock_get_code(self):
+        return mock.patch.object(self.InspectLoaderSubclass, 'get_code')
+
+    def test_get_code_ImportError(self):
+        # If get_code() raises ImportError, it should propagate.
+        with self.mock_get_code() as mocked_get_code:
+            mocked_get_code.side_effect = ImportError
+            with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+                loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    loader.load_module(self.module_name)
+
+    def test_get_code_None(self):
+        # If get_code() returns None, raise ImportError.
+        with self.mock_get_code() as mocked_get_code:
+            mocked_get_code.return_value = None
+            with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+                loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+                loader.load_module(self.module_name)
+
+    def test_module_returned(self):
+        # The loaded module should be returned.
+        code = compile('attr = 42', '<string>', 'exec')
+        with self.mock_get_code() as mocked_get_code:
+            mocked_get_code.return_value = code
+            loader = self.InspectLoaderSubclass()
+            module = loader.load_module(self.module_name)
+            self.assertEqual(module, sys.modules[self.module_name])
+
+
+class Frozen_ILLoadModuleTests(InspectLoaderLoadModuleTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    InspectLoaderSubclass = Frozen_IL
+
+class Source_ILLoadModuleTests(InspectLoaderLoadModuleTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    InspectLoaderSubclass = Source_IL
+
+
+##### ExecutionLoader concrete methods #########################################
+class ExecutionLoaderGetCodeTests:
+
+    def mock_methods(self, *, get_source=False, get_filename=False):
+        source_mock_context, filename_mock_context = None, None
+        if get_source:
+            source_mock_context = mock.patch.object(self.ExecutionLoaderSubclass,
+                                                    'get_source')
+        if get_filename:
+            filename_mock_context = mock.patch.object(self.ExecutionLoaderSubclass,
+                                                      'get_filename')
+        return source_mock_context, filename_mock_context
+
+    def test_get_code(self):
+        path = 'blah.py'
+        source_mock_context, filename_mock_context = self.mock_methods(
+                get_source=True, get_filename=True)
+        with source_mock_context as source_mock, filename_mock_context as name_mock:
+            source_mock.return_value = 'attr = 42'
+            name_mock.return_value = path
+            loader = self.ExecutionLoaderSubclass()
+            code = loader.get_code('blah')
+        self.assertEqual(code.co_filename, path)
+        module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        exec(code, module.__dict__)
+        self.assertEqual(module.attr, 42)
+
+    def test_get_code_source_is_None(self):
+        # If get_source() is None then this should be None.
+        source_mock_context, _ = self.mock_methods(get_source=True)
+        with source_mock_context as mocked:
+            mocked.return_value = None
+            loader = self.ExecutionLoaderSubclass()
+            code = loader.get_code('blah')
+        self.assertIsNone(code)
+
+    def test_get_code_source_not_found(self):
+        # If there is no source then there is no code object.
+        loader = self.ExecutionLoaderSubclass()
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+            loader.get_code('blah')
+
+    def test_get_code_no_path(self):
+        # If get_filename() raises ImportError then simply skip setting the path
+        # on the code object.
+        source_mock_context, filename_mock_context = self.mock_methods(
+                get_source=True, get_filename=True)
+        with source_mock_context as source_mock, filename_mock_context as name_mock:
+            source_mock.return_value = 'attr = 42'
+            name_mock.side_effect = ImportError
+            loader = self.ExecutionLoaderSubclass()
+            code = loader.get_code('blah')
+        self.assertEqual(code.co_filename, '<string>')
+        module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        exec(code, module.__dict__)
+        self.assertEqual(module.attr, 42)
+
+
+class Frozen_ELGetCodeTests(ExecutionLoaderGetCodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    ExecutionLoaderSubclass = Frozen_EL
+
+class Source_ELGetCodeTests(ExecutionLoaderGetCodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    ExecutionLoaderSubclass = Source_EL
+
+
+##### SourceLoader concrete methods ############################################
+class SourceLoader:
+
+    # Globals that should be defined for all modules.
+    source = (b"_ = '::'.join([__name__, __file__, __cached__, __package__, "
+              b"repr(__loader__)])")
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+
+    def get_data(self, path):
+        if path != self.path:
+            raise IOError
+        return self.source
+
+    def get_filename(self, fullname):
+        return self.path
+
+    def module_repr(self, module):
+        return '<module>'
+
+
+Frozen_SourceOnlyL, Source_SourceOnlyL = make_abc_subclasses(SourceLoader)
+
+
+class SourceLoader(SourceLoader):
+
+    source_mtime = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, path, magic=None):
+        super().__init__(path)
+        self.bytecode_path = self.util.cache_from_source(self.path)
+        self.source_size = len(self.source)
+        if magic is None:
+            magic = self.util.MAGIC_NUMBER
+        data = bytearray(magic)
+        data.extend(self.init._w_long(self.source_mtime))
+        data.extend(self.init._w_long(self.source_size))
+        code_object = compile(self.source, self.path, 'exec',
+                                dont_inherit=True)
+        data.extend(marshal.dumps(code_object))
+        self.bytecode = bytes(data)
+        self.written = {}
+
+    def get_data(self, path):
+        if path == self.path:
+            return super().get_data(path)
+        elif path == self.bytecode_path:
+            return self.bytecode
+        else:
+            raise OSError
+
+    def path_stats(self, path):
+        if path != self.path:
+            raise IOError
+        return {'mtime': self.source_mtime, 'size': self.source_size}
+
+    def set_data(self, path, data):
+        self.written[path] = bytes(data)
+        return path == self.bytecode_path
+
+
+Frozen_SL, Source_SL = make_abc_subclasses(SourceLoader)
+Frozen_SL.util = frozen_util
+Source_SL.util = source_util
+Frozen_SL.init = frozen_init
+Source_SL.init = source_init
+
+
+class SourceLoaderTestHarness:
+
+    def setUp(self, *, is_package=True, **kwargs):
+        self.package = 'pkg'
+        if is_package:
+            self.path = os.path.join(self.package, '__init__.py')
+            self.name = self.package
+        else:
+            module_name = 'mod'
+            self.path = os.path.join(self.package, '.'.join(['mod', 'py']))
+            self.name = '.'.join([self.package, module_name])
+        self.cached = self.util.cache_from_source(self.path)
+        self.loader = self.loader_mock(self.path, **kwargs)
+
+    def verify_module(self, module):
+        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__file__, self.path)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__cached__, self.cached)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__package__, self.package)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__loader__, self.loader)
+        values = module._.split('::')
+        self.assertEqual(values[0], self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(values[1], self.path)
+        self.assertEqual(values[2], self.cached)
+        self.assertEqual(values[3], self.package)
+        self.assertEqual(values[4], repr(self.loader))
+
+    def verify_code(self, code_object):
+        module = types.ModuleType(self.name)
+        module.__file__ = self.path
+        module.__cached__ = self.cached
+        module.__package__ = self.package
+        module.__loader__ = self.loader
+        module.__path__ = []
+        exec(code_object, module.__dict__)
+        self.verify_module(module)
+
+
+class SourceOnlyLoaderTests(SourceLoaderTestHarness):
+
+    """Test importlib.abc.SourceLoader for source-only loading.
+
+    Reload testing is subsumed by the tests for
+    importlib.util.module_for_loader.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_get_source(self):
+        # Verify the source code is returned as a string.
+        # If an OSError is raised by get_data then raise ImportError.
+        expected_source = self.loader.source.decode('utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(self.loader.get_source(self.name), expected_source)
+        def raise_OSError(path):
+            raise OSError
+        self.loader.get_data = raise_OSError
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
+            self.loader.get_source(self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, self.name)
+
+    def test_is_package(self):
+        # Properly detect when loading a package.
+        self.setUp(is_package=False)
+        self.assertFalse(self.loader.is_package(self.name))
+        self.setUp(is_package=True)
+        self.assertTrue(self.loader.is_package(self.name))
+        self.assertFalse(self.loader.is_package(self.name + '.__init__'))
+
+    def test_get_code(self):
+        # Verify the code object is created.
+        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+        self.verify_code(code_object)
+
+    def test_source_to_code(self):
+        # Verify the compiled code object.
+        code = self.loader.source_to_code(self.loader.source, self.path)
+        self.verify_code(code)
+
+    def test_load_module(self):
+        # Loading a module should set __name__, __loader__, __package__,
+        # __path__ (for packages), __file__, and __cached__.
+        # The module should also be put into sys.modules.
+        with util.uncache(self.name):
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = self.loader.load_module(self.name)
+            self.verify_module(module)
+            self.assertEqual(module.__path__, [os.path.dirname(self.path)])
+            self.assertIn(self.name, sys.modules)
+
+    def test_package_settings(self):
+        # __package__ needs to be set, while __path__ is set on if the module
+        # is a package.
+        # Testing the values for a package are covered by test_load_module.
+        self.setUp(is_package=False)
+        with util.uncache(self.name):
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                module = self.loader.load_module(self.name)
+            self.verify_module(module)
+            self.assertTrue(not hasattr(module, '__path__'))
+
+    def test_get_source_encoding(self):
+        # Source is considered encoded in UTF-8 by default unless otherwise
+        # specified by an encoding line.
+        source = "_ = 'ü'"
+        self.loader.source = source.encode('utf-8')
+        returned_source = self.loader.get_source(self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
+        source = "# coding: latin-1\n_ = ü"
+        self.loader.source = source.encode('latin-1')
+        returned_source = self.loader.get_source(self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
+
+
+class Frozen_SourceOnlyLTests(SourceOnlyLoaderTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    loader_mock = Frozen_SourceOnlyL
+    util = frozen_util
+
+class Source_SourceOnlyLTests(SourceOnlyLoaderTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    loader_mock = Source_SourceOnlyL
+    util = source_util
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.dont_write_bytecode, "sys.dont_write_bytecode is true")
+class SourceLoaderBytecodeTests(SourceLoaderTestHarness):
+
+    """Test importlib.abc.SourceLoader's use of bytecode.
+
+    Source-only testing handled by SourceOnlyLoaderTests.
+
+    """
+
+    def verify_code(self, code_object, *, bytecode_written=False):
+        super().verify_code(code_object)
+        if bytecode_written:
+            self.assertIn(self.cached, self.loader.written)
+            data = bytearray(self.util.MAGIC_NUMBER)
+            data.extend(self.init._w_long(self.loader.source_mtime))
+            data.extend(self.init._w_long(self.loader.source_size))
+            data.extend(marshal.dumps(code_object))
+            self.assertEqual(self.loader.written[self.cached], bytes(data))
+
+    def test_code_with_everything(self):
+        # When everything should work.
+        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+        self.verify_code(code_object)
+
+    def test_no_bytecode(self):
+        # If no bytecode exists then move on to the source.
+        self.loader.bytecode_path = "<does not exist>"
+        # Sanity check
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
+            bytecode_path = self.util.cache_from_source(self.path)
+            self.loader.get_data(bytecode_path)
+        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+        self.verify_code(code_object, bytecode_written=True)
+
+    def test_code_bad_timestamp(self):
+        # Bytecode is only used when the timestamp matches the source EXACTLY.
+        for source_mtime in (0, 2):
+            assert source_mtime != self.loader.source_mtime
+            original = self.loader.source_mtime
+            self.loader.source_mtime = source_mtime
+            # If bytecode is used then EOFError would be raised by marshal.
+            self.loader.bytecode = self.loader.bytecode[8:]
+            code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+            self.verify_code(code_object, bytecode_written=True)
+            self.loader.source_mtime = original
+
+    def test_code_bad_magic(self):
+        # Skip over bytecode with a bad magic number.
+        self.setUp(magic=b'0000')
+        # If bytecode is used then EOFError would be raised by marshal.
+        self.loader.bytecode = self.loader.bytecode[8:]
+        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+        self.verify_code(code_object, bytecode_written=True)
+
+    def test_dont_write_bytecode(self):
+        # Bytecode is not written if sys.dont_write_bytecode is true.
+        # Can assume it is false already thanks to the skipIf class decorator.
+        try:
+            sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
+            self.loader.bytecode_path = "<does not exist>"
+            code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+            self.assertNotIn(self.cached, self.loader.written)
+        finally:
+            sys.dont_write_bytecode = False
+
+    def test_no_set_data(self):
+        # If set_data is not defined, one can still read bytecode.
+        self.setUp(magic=b'0000')
+        original_set_data = self.loader.__class__.mro()[1].set_data
+        try:
+            del self.loader.__class__.mro()[1].set_data
+            code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+            self.verify_code(code_object)
+        finally:
+            self.loader.__class__.mro()[1].set_data = original_set_data
+
+    def test_set_data_raises_exceptions(self):
+        # Raising NotImplementedError or OSError is okay for set_data.
+        def raise_exception(exc):
+            def closure(*args, **kwargs):
+                raise exc
+            return closure
+
+        self.setUp(magic=b'0000')
+        self.loader.set_data = raise_exception(NotImplementedError)
+        code_object = self.loader.get_code(self.name)
+        self.verify_code(code_object)
+
+
+class Frozen_SLBytecodeTests(SourceLoaderBytecodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    loader_mock = Frozen_SL
+    init = frozen_init
+    util = frozen_util
+
+class SourceSLBytecodeTests(SourceLoaderBytecodeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    loader_mock = Source_SL
+    init = source_init
+    util = source_util
+
+
+class SourceLoaderGetSourceTests:
+
+    """Tests for importlib.abc.SourceLoader.get_source()."""
+
+    def test_default_encoding(self):
+        # Should have no problems with UTF-8 text.
+        name = 'mod'
+        mock = self.SourceOnlyLoaderMock('mod.file')
+        source = 'x = "ü"'
+        mock.source = source.encode('utf-8')
+        returned_source = mock.get_source(name)
+        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
+
+    def test_decoded_source(self):
+        # Decoding should work.
+        name = 'mod'
+        mock = self.SourceOnlyLoaderMock("mod.file")
+        source = "# coding: Latin-1\nx='ü'"
+        assert source.encode('latin-1') != source.encode('utf-8')
+        mock.source = source.encode('latin-1')
+        returned_source = mock.get_source(name)
+        self.assertEqual(returned_source, source)
+
+    def test_universal_newlines(self):
+        # PEP 302 says universal newlines should be used.
+        name = 'mod'
+        mock = self.SourceOnlyLoaderMock('mod.file')
+        source = "x = 42\r\ny = -13\r\n"
+        mock.source = source.encode('utf-8')
+        expect = io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder(None, True).decode(source)
+        self.assertEqual(mock.get_source(name), expect)
+
+
+class Frozen_SourceOnlyLGetSourceTests(SourceLoaderGetSourceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    SourceOnlyLoaderMock = Frozen_SourceOnlyL
+
+class Source_SourceOnlyLGetSourceTests(SourceLoaderGetSourceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    SourceOnlyLoaderMock = Source_SourceOnlyL
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py
index b1a58944f3..744001b4c0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_api.py
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 from . import util
-import imp
-import importlib
-from importlib import machinery
+
+frozen_init, source_init = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+frozen_util, source_util = util.import_importlib('importlib.util')
+frozen_machinery, source_machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
+import os.path
 import sys
 from test import support
 import types
 import unittest
+import warnings
 
 
-class ImportModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class ImportModuleTests:
 
     """Test importlib.import_module."""
 
@@ -16,7 +20,7 @@ class ImportModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Test importing a top-level module.
         with util.mock_modules('top_level') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                module = importlib.import_module('top_level')
+                module = self.init.import_module('top_level')
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'top_level')
 
     def test_absolute_package_import(self):
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@ class ImportModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         name = '{0}.mod'.format(pkg_name)
         with util.mock_modules(pkg_long_name, name) as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                module = importlib.import_module(name)
+                module = self.init.import_module(name)
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, name)
 
     def test_shallow_relative_package_import(self):
@@ -38,17 +42,17 @@ class ImportModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         relative_name = '.{0}'.format(module_name)
         with util.mock_modules(pkg_long_name, absolute_name) as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                importlib.import_module(pkg_name)
-                module = importlib.import_module(relative_name, pkg_name)
+                self.init.import_module(pkg_name)
+                module = self.init.import_module(relative_name, pkg_name)
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, absolute_name)
 
     def test_deep_relative_package_import(self):
         modules = ['a.__init__', 'a.b.__init__', 'a.c']
         with util.mock_modules(*modules) as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                importlib.import_module('a')
-                importlib.import_module('a.b')
-                module = importlib.import_module('..c', 'a.b')
+                self.init.import_module('a')
+                self.init.import_module('a.b')
+                module = self.init.import_module('..c', 'a.b')
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'a.c')
 
     def test_absolute_import_with_package(self):
@@ -59,15 +63,15 @@ class ImportModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         name = '{0}.mod'.format(pkg_name)
         with util.mock_modules(pkg_long_name, name) as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                importlib.import_module(pkg_name)
-                module = importlib.import_module(name, pkg_name)
+                self.init.import_module(pkg_name)
+                module = self.init.import_module(name, pkg_name)
                 self.assertEqual(module.__name__, name)
 
     def test_relative_import_wo_package(self):
         # Relative imports cannot happen without the 'package' argument being
         # set.
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            importlib.import_module('.support')
+            self.init.import_module('.support')
 
 
     def test_loaded_once(self):
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ class ImportModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # module currently being imported.
         b_load_count = 0
         def load_a():
-            importlib.import_module('a.b')
+            self.init.import_module('a.b')
         def load_b():
             nonlocal b_load_count
             b_load_count += 1
@@ -84,11 +88,17 @@ class ImportModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         modules = ['a.__init__', 'a.b']
         with util.mock_modules(*modules, module_code=code) as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
-                importlib.import_module('a.b')
+                self.init.import_module('a.b')
         self.assertEqual(b_load_count, 1)
 
+class Frozen_ImportModuleTests(ImportModuleTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = frozen_init
+
+class Source_ImportModuleTests(ImportModuleTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = source_init
 
-class FindLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class FindLoaderTests:
 
     class FakeMetaFinder:
         @staticmethod
@@ -98,29 +108,51 @@ class FindLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # If a module with __loader__ is in sys.modules, then return it.
         name = 'some_mod'
         with util.uncache(name):
-            module = imp.new_module(name)
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
             loader = 'a loader!'
             module.__loader__ = loader
             sys.modules[name] = module
-            found = importlib.find_loader(name)
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                found = self.init.find_loader(name)
             self.assertEqual(loader, found)
 
     def test_sys_modules_loader_is_None(self):
         # If sys.modules[name].__loader__ is None, raise ValueError.
         name = 'some_mod'
         with util.uncache(name):
-            module = imp.new_module(name)
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
             module.__loader__ = None
             sys.modules[name] = module
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-                importlib.find_loader(name)
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    self.init.find_loader(name)
+
+    def test_sys_modules_loader_is_not_set(self):
+        # Should raise ValueError
+        # Issue #17099
+        name = 'some_mod'
+        with util.uncache(name):
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
+            try:
+                del module.__loader__
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            sys.modules[name] = module
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    self.init.find_loader(name)
 
     def test_success(self):
         # Return the loader found on sys.meta_path.
         name = 'some_mod'
         with util.uncache(name):
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[self.FakeMetaFinder]):
-                self.assertEqual((name, None), importlib.find_loader(name))
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    self.assertEqual((name, None), self.init.find_loader(name))
 
     def test_success_path(self):
         # Searching on a path should work.
@@ -128,15 +160,200 @@ class FindLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
         path = 'path to some place'
         with util.uncache(name):
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[self.FakeMetaFinder]):
-                self.assertEqual((name, path),
-                                 importlib.find_loader(name, path))
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+                    self.assertEqual((name, path),
+                                     self.init.find_loader(name, path))
 
     def test_nothing(self):
         # None is returned upon failure to find a loader.
-        self.assertIsNone(importlib.find_loader('nevergoingtofindthismodule'))
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertIsNone(self.init.find_loader('nevergoingtofindthismodule'))
+
+class Frozen_FindLoaderTests(FindLoaderTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = frozen_init
+
+class Source_FindLoaderTests(FindLoaderTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = source_init
 
 
-class InvalidateCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class ReloadTests:
+
+    """Test module reloading for builtin and extension modules."""
+
+    def test_reload_modules(self):
+        for mod in ('tokenize', 'time', 'marshal'):
+            with self.subTest(module=mod):
+                with support.CleanImport(mod):
+                    module = self.init.import_module(mod)
+                    self.init.reload(module)
+
+    def test_module_replaced(self):
+        def code():
+            import sys
+            module = type(sys)('top_level')
+            module.spam = 3
+            sys.modules['top_level'] = module
+        mock = util.mock_modules('top_level',
+                                 module_code={'top_level': code})
+        with mock:
+            with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
+                module = self.init.import_module('top_level')
+                reloaded = self.init.reload(module)
+                actual = sys.modules['top_level']
+                self.assertEqual(actual.spam, 3)
+                self.assertEqual(reloaded.spam, 3)
+
+    def test_reload_missing_loader(self):
+        with support.CleanImport('types'):
+            import types
+            loader = types.__loader__
+            del types.__loader__
+            reloaded = self.init.reload(types)
+
+            self.assertIs(reloaded, types)
+            self.assertIs(sys.modules['types'], types)
+            self.assertEqual(reloaded.__loader__.path, loader.path)
+
+    def test_reload_loader_replaced(self):
+        with support.CleanImport('types'):
+            import types
+            types.__loader__ = None
+            self.init.invalidate_caches()
+            reloaded = self.init.reload(types)
+
+            self.assertIsNot(reloaded.__loader__, None)
+            self.assertIs(reloaded, types)
+            self.assertIs(sys.modules['types'], types)
+
+    def test_reload_location_changed(self):
+        name = 'spam'
+        with support.temp_cwd(None) as cwd:
+            with util.uncache('spam'):
+                with support.DirsOnSysPath(cwd):
+                    # Start as a plain module.
+                    self.init.invalidate_caches()
+                    path = os.path.join(cwd, name + '.py')
+                    cached = self.util.cache_from_source(path)
+                    expected = {'__name__': name,
+                                '__package__': '',
+                                '__file__': path,
+                                '__cached__': cached,
+                                '__doc__': None,
+                                '__builtins__': __builtins__,
+                                }
+                    support.create_empty_file(path)
+                    module = self.init.import_module(name)
+                    ns = vars(module)
+                    loader = ns.pop('__loader__')
+                    spec = ns.pop('__spec__')
+                    self.assertEqual(spec.name, name)
+                    self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+                    self.assertEqual(loader.path, path)
+                    self.assertEqual(ns, expected)
+
+                    # Change to a package.
+                    self.init.invalidate_caches()
+                    init_path = os.path.join(cwd, name, '__init__.py')
+                    cached = self.util.cache_from_source(init_path)
+                    expected = {'__name__': name,
+                                '__package__': name,
+                                '__file__': init_path,
+                                '__cached__': cached,
+                                '__path__': [os.path.dirname(init_path)],
+                                '__doc__': None,
+                                '__builtins__': __builtins__,
+                                }
+                    os.mkdir(name)
+                    os.rename(path, init_path)
+                    reloaded = self.init.reload(module)
+                    ns = vars(reloaded)
+                    loader = ns.pop('__loader__')
+                    spec = ns.pop('__spec__')
+                    self.assertEqual(spec.name, name)
+                    self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+                    self.assertIs(reloaded, module)
+                    self.assertEqual(loader.path, init_path)
+                    self.maxDiff = None
+                    self.assertEqual(ns, expected)
+
+    def test_reload_namespace_changed(self):
+        name = 'spam'
+        with support.temp_cwd(None) as cwd:
+            with util.uncache('spam'):
+                with support.DirsOnSysPath(cwd):
+                    # Start as a namespace package.
+                    self.init.invalidate_caches()
+                    bad_path = os.path.join(cwd, name, '__init.py')
+                    cached = self.util.cache_from_source(bad_path)
+                    expected = {'__name__': name,
+                                '__package__': name,
+                                '__doc__': None,
+                                }
+                    os.mkdir(name)
+                    with open(bad_path, 'w') as init_file:
+                        init_file.write('eggs = None')
+                    module = self.init.import_module(name)
+                    ns = vars(module)
+                    loader = ns.pop('__loader__')
+                    path = ns.pop('__path__')
+                    spec = ns.pop('__spec__')
+                    self.assertEqual(spec.name, name)
+                    self.assertIs(spec.loader, None)
+                    self.assertIsNot(loader, None)
+                    self.assertEqual(set(path),
+                                     set([os.path.dirname(bad_path)]))
+                    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+                        # a NamespaceLoader
+                        loader.path
+                    self.assertEqual(ns, expected)
+
+                    # Change to a regular package.
+                    self.init.invalidate_caches()
+                    init_path = os.path.join(cwd, name, '__init__.py')
+                    cached = self.util.cache_from_source(init_path)
+                    expected = {'__name__': name,
+                                '__package__': name,
+                                '__file__': init_path,
+                                '__cached__': cached,
+                                '__path__': [os.path.dirname(init_path)],
+                                '__doc__': None,
+                                '__builtins__': __builtins__,
+                                'eggs': None,
+                                }
+                    os.rename(bad_path, init_path)
+                    reloaded = self.init.reload(module)
+                    ns = vars(reloaded)
+                    loader = ns.pop('__loader__')
+                    spec = ns.pop('__spec__')
+                    self.assertEqual(spec.name, name)
+                    self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+                    self.assertIs(reloaded, module)
+                    self.assertEqual(loader.path, init_path)
+                    self.assertEqual(ns, expected)
+
+    def test_reload_submodule(self):
+        # See #19851.
+        name = 'spam'
+        subname = 'ham'
+        with util.temp_module(name, pkg=True) as pkg_dir:
+            fullname, _ = util.submodule(name, subname, pkg_dir)
+            ham = self.init.import_module(fullname)
+            reloaded = self.init.reload(ham)
+            self.assertIs(reloaded, ham)
+
+
+class Frozen_ReloadTests(ReloadTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = frozen_init
+    util = frozen_util
+
+class Source_ReloadTests(ReloadTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = source_init
+    util = source_util
+
+
+class InvalidateCacheTests:
 
     def test_method_called(self):
         # If defined the method should be called.
@@ -155,48 +372,65 @@ class InvalidateCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.addCleanup(lambda: sys.path_importer_cache.__delitem__(key))
         sys.path_importer_cache[key] = path_ins
         self.addCleanup(lambda: sys.meta_path.remove(meta_ins))
-        importlib.invalidate_caches()
+        self.init.invalidate_caches()
         self.assertTrue(meta_ins.called)
         self.assertTrue(path_ins.called)
 
     def test_method_lacking(self):
         # There should be no issues if the method is not defined.
         key = 'gobbledeegook'
-        sys.path_importer_cache[key] = imp.NullImporter('abc')
+        sys.path_importer_cache[key] = None
         self.addCleanup(lambda: sys.path_importer_cache.__delitem__(key))
-        importlib.invalidate_caches()  # Shouldn't trigger an exception.
+        self.init.invalidate_caches()  # Shouldn't trigger an exception.
+
+class Frozen_InvalidateCacheTests(InvalidateCacheTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = frozen_init
+
+class Source_InvalidateCacheTests(InvalidateCacheTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = source_init
 
 
 class FrozenImportlibTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_no_frozen_importlib(self):
         # Should be able to import w/o _frozen_importlib being defined.
-        module = support.import_fresh_module('importlib', blocked=['_frozen_importlib'])
-        self.assertFalse(isinstance(module.__loader__,
-                                    machinery.FrozenImporter))
+        # Can't do an isinstance() check since separate copies of importlib
+        # may have been used for import, so just check the name is not for the
+        # frozen loader.
+        self.assertNotEqual(source_init.__loader__.__class__.__name__,
+                            'FrozenImporter')
 
 
-class StartupTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class StartupTests:
 
     def test_everyone_has___loader__(self):
         # Issue #17098: all modules should have __loader__ defined.
         for name, module in sys.modules.items():
             if isinstance(module, types.ModuleType):
-                if name in sys.builtin_module_names:
-                    self.assertEqual(importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter,
-                                     module.__loader__)
-                elif imp.is_frozen(name):
-                    self.assertEqual(importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter,
-                                     module.__loader__)
-
-def test_main():
-    from test.support import run_unittest
-    run_unittest(ImportModuleTests,
-                 FindLoaderTests,
-                 InvalidateCacheTests,
-                 FrozenImportlibTests,
-                 StartupTests)
+                with self.subTest(name=name):
+                    self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, '__loader__'),
+                                    '{!r} lacks a __loader__ attribute'.format(name))
+                    if self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(name):
+                        self.assertIsNot(module.__loader__, None)
+                    elif self.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module(name):
+                        self.assertIsNot(module.__loader__, None)
+
+    def test_everyone_has___spec__(self):
+        for name, module in sys.modules.items():
+            if isinstance(module, types.ModuleType):
+                with self.subTest(name=name):
+                    self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, '__spec__'))
+                    if self.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(name):
+                        self.assertIsNot(module.__spec__, None)
+                    elif self.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module(name):
+                        self.assertIsNot(module.__spec__, None)
+
+class Frozen_StartupTests(StartupTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    machinery = frozen_machinery
+
+class Source_StartupTests(StartupTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    machinery = source_machinery
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_locks.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_locks.py
index c373b11256..dc97ba1567 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_locks.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_locks.py
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-from importlib import _bootstrap
+from . import util
+frozen_init, source_init = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+frozen_bootstrap = frozen_init._bootstrap
+source_bootstrap = source_init._bootstrap
+
 import sys
 import time
 import unittest
@@ -13,14 +17,9 @@ except ImportError:
 else:
     from test import lock_tests
 
-
-LockType = _bootstrap._ModuleLock
-DeadlockError = _bootstrap._DeadlockError
-
-
 if threading is not None:
-    class ModuleLockAsRLockTests(lock_tests.RLockTests):
-        locktype = staticmethod(lambda: LockType("some_lock"))
+    class ModuleLockAsRLockTests:
+        locktype = classmethod(lambda cls: cls.LockType("some_lock"))
 
         # _is_owned() unsupported
         test__is_owned = None
@@ -34,13 +33,21 @@ if threading is not None:
         # _release_save() unsupported
         test_release_save_unacquired = None
 
+    class Frozen_ModuleLockAsRLockTests(ModuleLockAsRLockTests, lock_tests.RLockTests):
+        LockType = frozen_bootstrap._ModuleLock
+
+    class Source_ModuleLockAsRLockTests(ModuleLockAsRLockTests, lock_tests.RLockTests):
+        LockType = source_bootstrap._ModuleLock
+
 else:
-    class ModuleLockAsRLockTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    class Frozen_ModuleLockAsRLockTests(unittest.TestCase):
         pass
 
+    class Source_ModuleLockAsRLockTests(unittest.TestCase):
+        pass
 
-@unittest.skipUnless(threading, "threads needed for this test")
-class DeadlockAvoidanceTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class DeadlockAvoidanceTests:
 
     def setUp(self):
         try:
@@ -55,7 +62,7 @@ class DeadlockAvoidanceTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def run_deadlock_avoidance_test(self, create_deadlock):
         NLOCKS = 10
-        locks = [LockType(str(i)) for i in range(NLOCKS)]
+        locks = [self.LockType(str(i)) for i in range(NLOCKS)]
         pairs = [(locks[i], locks[(i+1)%NLOCKS]) for i in range(NLOCKS)]
         if create_deadlock:
             NTHREADS = NLOCKS
@@ -67,7 +74,7 @@ class DeadlockAvoidanceTests(unittest.TestCase):
             """Try to acquire the lock. Return True on success, False on deadlock."""
             try:
                 lock.acquire()
-            except DeadlockError:
+            except self.DeadlockError:
                 return False
             else:
                 return True
@@ -99,30 +106,50 @@ class DeadlockAvoidanceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(results.count((True, False)), 0)
         self.assertEqual(results.count((True, True)), len(results))
 
+@unittest.skipUnless(threading, "threads needed for this test")
+class Frozen_DeadlockAvoidanceTests(DeadlockAvoidanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    LockType = frozen_bootstrap._ModuleLock
+    DeadlockError = frozen_bootstrap._DeadlockError
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(threading, "threads needed for this test")
+class Source_DeadlockAvoidanceTests(DeadlockAvoidanceTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    LockType = source_bootstrap._ModuleLock
+    DeadlockError = source_bootstrap._DeadlockError
 
-class LifetimeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class LifetimeTests:
 
     def test_lock_lifetime(self):
         name = "xyzzy"
-        self.assertNotIn(name, _bootstrap._module_locks)
-        lock = _bootstrap._get_module_lock(name)
-        self.assertIn(name, _bootstrap._module_locks)
+        self.assertNotIn(name, self.bootstrap._module_locks)
+        lock = self.bootstrap._get_module_lock(name)
+        self.assertIn(name, self.bootstrap._module_locks)
         wr = weakref.ref(lock)
         del lock
         support.gc_collect()
-        self.assertNotIn(name, _bootstrap._module_locks)
+        self.assertNotIn(name, self.bootstrap._module_locks)
         self.assertIsNone(wr())
 
     def test_all_locks(self):
         support.gc_collect()
-        self.assertEqual(0, len(_bootstrap._module_locks), _bootstrap._module_locks)
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(self.bootstrap._module_locks),
+                         self.bootstrap._module_locks)
+
+class Frozen_LifetimeTests(LifetimeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    bootstrap = frozen_bootstrap
+
+class Source_LifetimeTests(LifetimeTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    bootstrap = source_bootstrap
 
 
 @support.reap_threads
 def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(ModuleLockAsRLockTests,
-                         DeadlockAvoidanceTests,
-                         LifetimeTests)
+    support.run_unittest(Frozen_ModuleLockAsRLockTests,
+                         Source_ModuleLockAsRLockTests,
+                         Frozen_DeadlockAvoidanceTests,
+                         Source_DeadlockAvoidanceTests,
+                         Frozen_LifetimeTests,
+                         Source_LifetimeTests)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_spec.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_spec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71541f692e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_spec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,957 @@
+from . import util
+
+frozen_init, source_init = util.import_importlib('importlib')
+frozen_bootstrap = frozen_init._bootstrap
+source_bootstrap = source_init._bootstrap
+frozen_machinery, source_machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+frozen_util, source_util = util.import_importlib('importlib.util')
+
+import os.path
+from test.support import CleanImport
+import unittest
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+
+
+class TestLoader:
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, is_package=None):
+        self.path = path
+        self.package = is_package
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<TestLoader object>'
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name == 'get_filename' and self.path is not None:
+            return self._get_filename
+        if name == 'is_package':
+            return self._is_package
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+    def _get_filename(self, name):
+        return self.path
+
+    def _is_package(self, name):
+        return self.package
+
+
+class NewLoader(TestLoader):
+
+    EGGS = 1
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        module.eggs = self.EGGS
+
+
+class LegacyLoader(TestLoader):
+
+    HAM = -1
+
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        @frozen_util.module_for_loader
+        def load_module(self, module):
+            module.ham = self.HAM
+            return module
+
+
+class ModuleSpecTests:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.name = 'spam'
+        self.path = 'spam.py'
+        self.cached = self.util.cache_from_source(self.path)
+        self.loader = TestLoader()
+        self.spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+        self.loc_spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader,
+                                                  origin=self.path)
+        self.loc_spec._set_fileattr = True
+
+    def test_default(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_default_no_loader(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_default_is_package_false(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader,
+                                         is_package=False)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_default_is_package_true(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader,
+                                         is_package=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, [])
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_has_location_setter(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader,
+                                         origin='somewhere')
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+        spec.has_location = True
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_equality(self):
+        other = type(sys.implementation)(name=self.name,
+                                         loader=self.loader,
+                                         origin=None,
+                                         submodule_search_locations=None,
+                                         has_location=False,
+                                         cached=None,
+                                         )
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.spec == other)
+
+    def test_equality_location(self):
+        other = type(sys.implementation)(name=self.name,
+                                         loader=self.loader,
+                                         origin=self.path,
+                                         submodule_search_locations=None,
+                                         has_location=True,
+                                         cached=self.cached,
+                                         )
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.loc_spec, other)
+
+    def test_inequality(self):
+        other = type(sys.implementation)(name='ham',
+                                         loader=self.loader,
+                                         origin=None,
+                                         submodule_search_locations=None,
+                                         has_location=False,
+                                         cached=None,
+                                         )
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.spec, other)
+
+    def test_inequality_incomplete(self):
+        other = type(sys.implementation)(name=self.name,
+                                         loader=self.loader,
+                                         )
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.spec, other)
+
+    def test_package(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec('spam.eggs', self.loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.parent, 'spam')
+
+    def test_package_is_package(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec('spam.eggs', self.loader,
+                                         is_package=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.parent, 'spam.eggs')
+
+    # cached
+
+    def test_cached_set(self):
+        before = self.spec.cached
+        self.spec.cached = 'there'
+        after = self.spec.cached
+
+        self.assertIs(before, None)
+        self.assertEqual(after, 'there')
+
+    def test_cached_no_origin(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+
+    def test_cached_with_origin_not_location(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader,
+                                         origin=self.path)
+
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+
+    def test_cached_source(self):
+        expected = self.util.cache_from_source(self.path)
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.loc_spec.cached, expected)
+
+    def test_cached_source_unknown_suffix(self):
+        self.loc_spec.origin = 'spam.spamspamspam'
+
+        self.assertIs(self.loc_spec.cached, None)
+
+    def test_cached_source_missing_cache_tag(self):
+        original = sys.implementation.cache_tag
+        sys.implementation.cache_tag = None
+        try:
+            cached = self.loc_spec.cached
+        finally:
+            sys.implementation.cache_tag = original
+
+        self.assertIs(cached, None)
+
+    def test_cached_sourceless(self):
+        self.loc_spec.origin = 'spam.pyc'
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.loc_spec.cached, 'spam.pyc')
+
+
+class Frozen_ModuleSpecTests(ModuleSpecTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    util = frozen_util
+    machinery = frozen_machinery
+
+
+class Source_ModuleSpecTests(ModuleSpecTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    util = source_util
+    machinery = source_machinery
+
+
+class ModuleSpecMethodsTests:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.name = 'spam'
+        self.path = 'spam.py'
+        self.cached = self.util.cache_from_source(self.path)
+        self.loader = TestLoader()
+        self.spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+        self.loc_spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader,
+                                                  origin=self.path)
+        self.loc_spec._set_fileattr = True
+
+    # init_module_attrs
+
+    def test_init_module_attrs(self):
+        module = type(sys)(self.name)
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).init_module_attrs(module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(module.__loader__, spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__package__, spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(module.__spec__, spec)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__path__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__file__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__cached__'))
+
+    def test_init_module_attrs_package(self):
+        module = type(sys)(self.name)
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+        spec.submodule_search_locations = ['spam', 'ham']
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).init_module_attrs(module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(module.__loader__, spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__package__, spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(module.__spec__, spec)
+        self.assertIs(module.__path__, spec.submodule_search_locations)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__file__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__cached__'))
+
+    def test_init_module_attrs_location(self):
+        module = type(sys)(self.name)
+        spec = self.loc_spec
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).init_module_attrs(module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(module.__loader__, spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__package__, spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(module.__spec__, spec)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__path__'))
+        self.assertEqual(module.__file__, spec.origin)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__cached__,
+                         self.util.cache_from_source(spec.origin))
+
+    def test_init_module_attrs_different_name(self):
+        module = type(sys)('eggs')
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).init_module_attrs(module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, spec.name)
+
+    def test_init_module_attrs_different_spec(self):
+        module = type(sys)(self.name)
+        module.__spec__ = self.machinery.ModuleSpec('eggs', object())
+        spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(self.name, self.loader)
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).init_module_attrs(module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(module.__loader__, spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__package__, spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(module.__spec__, spec)
+
+    def test_init_module_attrs_already_set(self):
+        module = type(sys)('ham.eggs')
+        module.__loader__ = object()
+        module.__package__ = 'ham'
+        module.__path__ = ['eggs']
+        module.__file__ = 'ham/eggs/__init__.py'
+        module.__cached__ = self.util.cache_from_source(module.__file__)
+        original = vars(module).copy()
+        spec = self.loc_spec
+        spec.submodule_search_locations = ['']
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).init_module_attrs(module)
+
+        self.assertIs(module.__loader__, original['__loader__'])
+        self.assertEqual(module.__package__, original['__package__'])
+        self.assertIs(module.__path__, original['__path__'])
+        self.assertEqual(module.__file__, original['__file__'])
+        self.assertEqual(module.__cached__, original['__cached__'])
+
+    def test_init_module_attrs_immutable(self):
+        module = object()
+        spec = self.loc_spec
+        spec.submodule_search_locations = ['']
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).init_module_attrs(module)
+
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__name__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__loader__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__package__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__spec__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__path__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__file__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, '__cached__'))
+
+    # create()
+
+    def test_create(self):
+        created = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).create()
+
+        self.assertEqual(created.__name__, self.spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(created.__loader__, self.spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(created.__package__, self.spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(created.__spec__, self.spec)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__path__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__file__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__cached__'))
+
+    def test_create_from_loader(self):
+        module = type(sys.implementation)()
+        class CreatingLoader(TestLoader):
+            def create_module(self, spec):
+                return module
+        self.spec.loader = CreatingLoader()
+        created = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).create()
+
+        self.assertIs(created, module)
+        self.assertEqual(created.__name__, self.spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(created.__loader__, self.spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(created.__package__, self.spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(created.__spec__, self.spec)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__path__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__file__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__cached__'))
+
+    def test_create_from_loader_not_handled(self):
+        class CreatingLoader(TestLoader):
+            def create_module(self, spec):
+                return None
+        self.spec.loader = CreatingLoader()
+        created = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).create()
+
+        self.assertEqual(created.__name__, self.spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(created.__loader__, self.spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(created.__package__, self.spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(created.__spec__, self.spec)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__path__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__file__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(created, '__cached__'))
+
+    # exec()
+
+    def test_exec(self):
+        self.spec.loader = NewLoader()
+        module = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).create()
+        sys.modules[self.name] = module
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(module, 'eggs'))
+        self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).exec(module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(module.eggs, 1)
+
+    # load()
+
+    def test_load(self):
+        self.spec.loader = NewLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            installed = sys.modules[self.spec.name]
+
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.eggs, 1)
+        self.assertIs(loaded, installed)
+
+    def test_load_replaced(self):
+        replacement = object()
+        class ReplacingLoader(TestLoader):
+            def exec_module(self, module):
+                sys.modules[module.__name__] = replacement
+        self.spec.loader = ReplacingLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            installed = sys.modules[self.spec.name]
+
+        self.assertIs(loaded, replacement)
+        self.assertIs(installed, replacement)
+
+    def test_load_failed(self):
+        class FailedLoader(TestLoader):
+            def exec_module(self, module):
+                raise RuntimeError
+        self.spec.loader = FailedLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+                loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            self.assertNotIn(self.spec.name, sys.modules)
+
+    def test_load_failed_removed(self):
+        class FailedLoader(TestLoader):
+            def exec_module(self, module):
+                del sys.modules[module.__name__]
+                raise RuntimeError
+        self.spec.loader = FailedLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+                loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            self.assertNotIn(self.spec.name, sys.modules)
+
+    def test_load_legacy(self):
+        self.spec.loader = LegacyLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.ham, -1)
+
+    def test_load_legacy_attributes(self):
+        self.spec.loader = LegacyLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+
+        self.assertIs(loaded.__loader__, self.spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.__package__, self.spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(loaded.__spec__, self.spec)
+
+    def test_load_legacy_attributes_immutable(self):
+        module = object()
+        class ImmutableLoader(TestLoader):
+            def load_module(self, name):
+                sys.modules[name] = module
+                return module
+        self.spec.loader = ImmutableLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+
+            self.assertIs(sys.modules[self.spec.name], module)
+
+    # reload()
+
+    def test_reload(self):
+        self.spec.loader = NewLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            reloaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).exec(loaded)
+            installed = sys.modules[self.spec.name]
+
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.eggs, 1)
+        self.assertIs(reloaded, loaded)
+        self.assertIs(installed, loaded)
+
+    def test_reload_modified(self):
+        self.spec.loader = NewLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            loaded.eggs = 2
+            reloaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).exec(loaded)
+
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.eggs, 1)
+        self.assertIs(reloaded, loaded)
+
+    def test_reload_extra_attributes(self):
+        self.spec.loader = NewLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            loaded.available = False
+            reloaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).exec(loaded)
+
+        self.assertFalse(loaded.available)
+        self.assertIs(reloaded, loaded)
+
+    def test_reload_init_module_attrs(self):
+        self.spec.loader = NewLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            loaded.__name__ = 'ham'
+            del loaded.__loader__
+            del loaded.__package__
+            del loaded.__spec__
+            self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).exec(loaded)
+
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.__name__, self.spec.name)
+        self.assertIs(loaded.__loader__, self.spec.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.__package__, self.spec.parent)
+        self.assertIs(loaded.__spec__, self.spec)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(loaded, '__path__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(loaded, '__file__'))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(loaded, '__cached__'))
+
+    def test_reload_legacy(self):
+        self.spec.loader = LegacyLoader()
+        with CleanImport(self.spec.name):
+            loaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).load()
+            reloaded = self.bootstrap._SpecMethods(self.spec).exec(loaded)
+            installed = sys.modules[self.spec.name]
+
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.ham, -1)
+        self.assertIs(reloaded, loaded)
+        self.assertIs(installed, loaded)
+
+
+class Frozen_ModuleSpecMethodsTests(ModuleSpecMethodsTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    bootstrap = frozen_bootstrap
+    machinery = frozen_machinery
+    util = frozen_util
+
+
+class Source_ModuleSpecMethodsTests(ModuleSpecMethodsTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    bootstrap = source_bootstrap
+    machinery = source_machinery
+    util = source_util
+
+
+class ModuleReprTests:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.module = type(os)('spam')
+        self.spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec('spam', TestLoader())
+
+    def test_module___loader___module_repr(self):
+        class Loader:
+            def module_repr(self, module):
+                return '<delicious {}>'.format(module.__name__)
+        self.module.__loader__ = Loader()
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr, '<delicious spam>')
+
+    def test_module___loader___module_repr_bad(self):
+        class Loader(TestLoader):
+            def module_repr(self, module):
+                raise Exception
+        self.module.__loader__ = Loader()
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr,
+                         '<module {!r} (<TestLoader object>)>'.format('spam'))
+
+    def test_module___spec__(self):
+        origin = 'in a hole, in the ground'
+        self.spec.origin = origin
+        self.module.__spec__ = self.spec
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr, '<module {!r} ({})>'.format('spam', origin))
+
+    def test_module___spec___location(self):
+        location = 'in_a_galaxy_far_far_away.py'
+        self.spec.origin = location
+        self.spec._set_fileattr = True
+        self.module.__spec__ = self.spec
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr,
+                         '<module {!r} from {!r}>'.format('spam', location))
+
+    def test_module___spec___no_origin(self):
+        self.spec.loader = TestLoader()
+        self.module.__spec__ = self.spec
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr,
+                         '<module {!r} (<TestLoader object>)>'.format('spam'))
+
+    def test_module___spec___no_origin_no_loader(self):
+        self.spec.loader = None
+        self.module.__spec__ = self.spec
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr, '<module {!r}>'.format('spam'))
+
+    def test_module_no_name(self):
+        del self.module.__name__
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr, '<module {!r}>'.format('?'))
+
+    def test_module_with_file(self):
+        filename = 'e/i/e/i/o/spam.py'
+        self.module.__file__ = filename
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr,
+                         '<module {!r} from {!r}>'.format('spam', filename))
+
+    def test_module_no_file(self):
+        self.module.__loader__ = TestLoader()
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr,
+                         '<module {!r} (<TestLoader object>)>'.format('spam'))
+
+    def test_module_no_file_no_loader(self):
+        modrepr = self.bootstrap._module_repr(self.module)
+
+        self.assertEqual(modrepr, '<module {!r}>'.format('spam'))
+
+
+class Frozen_ModuleReprTests(ModuleReprTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    bootstrap = frozen_bootstrap
+    machinery = frozen_machinery
+    util = frozen_util
+
+
+class Source_ModuleReprTests(ModuleReprTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    bootstrap = source_bootstrap
+    machinery = source_machinery
+    util = source_util
+
+
+class FactoryTests:
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.name = 'spam'
+        self.path = 'spam.py'
+        self.cached = self.util.cache_from_source(self.path)
+        self.loader = TestLoader()
+        self.fileloader = TestLoader(self.path)
+        self.pkgloader = TestLoader(self.path, True)
+
+    # spec_from_loader()
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_default(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_default_with_bad_is_package(self):
+        class Loader:
+            def is_package(self, name):
+                raise ImportError
+        loader = Loader()
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_origin(self):
+        origin = 'somewhere over the rainbow'
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.loader,
+                                          origin=origin)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, origin)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_is_package_false(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.loader,
+                                          is_package=False)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_is_package_true(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.loader,
+                                          is_package=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, [])
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_origin_and_is_package(self):
+        origin = 'where the streets have no name'
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.loader,
+                                          origin=origin, is_package=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, origin)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, [])
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_is_package_with_loader_false(self):
+        loader = TestLoader(is_package=False)
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_is_package_with_loader_true(self):
+        loader = TestLoader(is_package=True)
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+        self.assertIs(spec.origin, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, [])
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertFalse(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_default_with_file_loader(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.fileloader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_is_package_false_with_fileloader(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.fileloader,
+                                          is_package=False)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_loader_is_package_true_with_fileloader(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_loader(self.name, self.fileloader,
+                                          is_package=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, [''])
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    # spec_from_file_location()
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_default(self):
+        if self.machinery is source_machinery:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('not sure why this is breaking...')
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertIsInstance(spec.loader,
+                              self.machinery.SourceFileLoader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader.path, self.path)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_default_without_location(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name)
+
+        self.assertIs(spec, None)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_default_bad_suffix(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, 'spam.eggs')
+
+        self.assertIs(spec, None)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_loader_no_location(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name,
+                                                 loader=self.fileloader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_loader_no_location_no_get_filename(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name,
+                                                 loader=self.loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.loader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, '<unknown>')
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_loader_no_location_bad_get_filename(self):
+        class Loader:
+            def get_filename(self, name):
+                raise ImportError
+        loader = Loader()
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, loader=loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, '<unknown>')
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.cached, None)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_smsl_none(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path,
+                                       loader=self.fileloader,
+                                       submodule_search_locations=None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_smsl_empty(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path,
+                                       loader=self.fileloader,
+                                       submodule_search_locations=[])
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, [''])
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_smsl_not_empty(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path,
+                                       loader=self.fileloader,
+                                       submodule_search_locations=['eggs'])
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, ['eggs'])
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_smsl_default(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path,
+                                       loader=self.pkgloader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.pkgloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.submodule_search_locations, [''])
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_smsl_default_not_package(self):
+        class Loader:
+            def is_package(self, name):
+                return False
+        loader = Loader()
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path,
+                                                 loader=loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_smsl_default_no_is_package(self):
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path,
+                                       loader=self.fileloader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, self.fileloader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+    def test_spec_from_file_location_smsl_default_bad_is_package(self):
+        class Loader:
+            def is_package(self, name):
+                raise ImportError
+        loader = Loader()
+        spec = self.util.spec_from_file_location(self.name, self.path,
+                                                 loader=loader)
+
+        self.assertEqual(spec.name, self.name)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.loader, loader)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.origin, self.path)
+        self.assertIs(spec.loader_state, None)
+        self.assertIs(spec.submodule_search_locations, None)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.cached, self.cached)
+        self.assertTrue(spec.has_location)
+
+
+class Frozen_FactoryTests(FactoryTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    util = frozen_util
+    machinery = frozen_machinery
+
+
+class Source_FactoryTests(FactoryTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    util = source_util
+    machinery = source_machinery
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_util.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_util.py
index efc8977fb4..b2823c6a78 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_util.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_util.py
@@ -1,23 +1,66 @@
 from importlib import util
 from . import util as test_util
-import imp
+frozen_init, source_init = test_util.import_importlib('importlib')
+frozen_machinery, source_machinery = test_util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+frozen_util, source_util = test_util.import_importlib('importlib.util')
+
+import os
 import sys
+from test import support
 import types
 import unittest
+import warnings
+
+
+class DecodeSourceBytesTests:
+
+    source = "string ='ü'"
+
+    def test_ut8_default(self):
+        source_bytes = self.source.encode('utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.decode_source(source_bytes), self.source)
+
+    def test_specified_encoding(self):
+        source = '# coding=latin-1\n' + self.source
+        source_bytes = source.encode('latin-1')
+        assert source_bytes != source.encode('utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.decode_source(source_bytes), source)
 
+    def test_universal_newlines(self):
+        source = '\r\n'.join([self.source, self.source])
+        source_bytes = source.encode('utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.decode_source(source_bytes),
+                         '\n'.join([self.source, self.source]))
 
-class ModuleForLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+Frozen_DecodeSourceBytesTests, Source_DecodeSourceBytesTests = test_util.test_both(
+        DecodeSourceBytesTests, util=[frozen_util, source_util])
+
+
+class ModuleForLoaderTests:
 
     """Tests for importlib.util.module_for_loader."""
 
+    @classmethod
+    def module_for_loader(cls, func):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            return cls.util.module_for_loader(func)
+
+    def test_warning(self):
+        # Should raise a PendingDeprecationWarning when used.
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('error', DeprecationWarning)
+            with self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning):
+                func = self.util.module_for_loader(lambda x: x)
+
     def return_module(self, name):
-        fxn = util.module_for_loader(lambda self, module: module)
+        fxn = self.module_for_loader(lambda self, module: module)
         return fxn(self, name)
 
     def raise_exception(self, name):
         def to_wrap(self, module):
             raise ImportError
-        fxn = util.module_for_loader(to_wrap)
+        fxn = self.module_for_loader(to_wrap)
         try:
             fxn(self, name)
         except ImportError:
@@ -35,12 +78,23 @@ class ModuleForLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_reload(self):
         # Test that a module is reused if already in sys.modules.
+        class FakeLoader:
+            def is_package(self, name):
+                return True
+            @self.module_for_loader
+            def load_module(self, module):
+                return module
         name = 'a.b.c'
-        module = imp.new_module('a.b.c')
+        module = types.ModuleType('a.b.c')
+        module.__loader__ = 42
+        module.__package__ = 42
         with test_util.uncache(name):
             sys.modules[name] = module
-            returned_module = self.return_module(name)
+            loader = FakeLoader()
+            returned_module = loader.load_module(name)
             self.assertIs(returned_module, sys.modules[name])
+            self.assertEqual(module.__loader__, loader)
+            self.assertEqual(module.__package__, name)
 
     def test_new_module_failure(self):
         # Test that a module is removed from sys.modules if added but an
@@ -53,7 +107,7 @@ class ModuleForLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_reload_failure(self):
         # Test that a failure on reload leaves the module in-place.
         name = 'a.b.c'
-        module = imp.new_module(name)
+        module = types.ModuleType(name)
         with test_util.uncache(name):
             sys.modules[name] = module
             self.raise_exception(name)
@@ -61,7 +115,7 @@ class ModuleForLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_decorator_attrs(self):
         def fxn(self, module): pass
-        wrapped = util.module_for_loader(fxn)
+        wrapped = self.module_for_loader(fxn)
         self.assertEqual(wrapped.__name__, fxn.__name__)
         self.assertEqual(wrapped.__qualname__, fxn.__qualname__)
 
@@ -87,7 +141,7 @@ class ModuleForLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 self._pkg = is_package
             def is_package(self, name):
                 return self._pkg
-            @util.module_for_loader
+            @self.module_for_loader
             def load_module(self, module):
                 return module
 
@@ -107,8 +161,11 @@ class ModuleForLoaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertIs(module.__loader__, loader)
             self.assertEqual(module.__package__, name)
 
+Frozen_ModuleForLoaderTests, Source_ModuleForLoaderTests = test_util.test_both(
+        ModuleForLoaderTests, util=[frozen_util, source_util])
+
 
-class SetPackageTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class SetPackageTests:
 
     """Tests for importlib.util.set_package."""
 
@@ -116,34 +173,36 @@ class SetPackageTests(unittest.TestCase):
         """Verify the module has the expected value for __package__ after
         passing through set_package."""
         fxn = lambda: module
-        wrapped = util.set_package(fxn)
-        wrapped()
+        wrapped = self.util.set_package(fxn)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            wrapped()
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, '__package__'))
         self.assertEqual(expect, module.__package__)
 
     def test_top_level(self):
         # __package__ should be set to the empty string if a top-level module.
         # Implicitly tests when package is set to None.
-        module = imp.new_module('module')
+        module = types.ModuleType('module')
         module.__package__ = None
         self.verify(module, '')
 
     def test_package(self):
         # Test setting __package__ for a package.
-        module = imp.new_module('pkg')
+        module = types.ModuleType('pkg')
         module.__path__ = ['<path>']
         module.__package__ = None
         self.verify(module, 'pkg')
 
     def test_submodule(self):
         # Test __package__ for a module in a package.
-        module = imp.new_module('pkg.mod')
+        module = types.ModuleType('pkg.mod')
         module.__package__ = None
         self.verify(module, 'pkg')
 
     def test_setting_if_missing(self):
         # __package__ should be set if it is missing.
-        module = imp.new_module('mod')
+        module = types.ModuleType('mod')
         if hasattr(module, '__package__'):
             delattr(module, '__package__')
         self.verify(module, '')
@@ -151,58 +210,383 @@ class SetPackageTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_leaving_alone(self):
         # If __package__ is set and not None then leave it alone.
         for value in (True, False):
-            module = imp.new_module('mod')
+            module = types.ModuleType('mod')
             module.__package__ = value
             self.verify(module, value)
 
     def test_decorator_attrs(self):
         def fxn(module): pass
-        wrapped = util.set_package(fxn)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            wrapped = self.util.set_package(fxn)
         self.assertEqual(wrapped.__name__, fxn.__name__)
         self.assertEqual(wrapped.__qualname__, fxn.__qualname__)
 
+Frozen_SetPackageTests, Source_SetPackageTests = test_util.test_both(
+        SetPackageTests, util=[frozen_util, source_util])
 
-class ResolveNameTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+class SetLoaderTests:
+
+    """Tests importlib.util.set_loader()."""
+
+    class DummyLoader:
+        @util.set_loader
+        def load_module(self, module):
+            return self.module
+
+    def test_no_attribute(self):
+        loader = self.DummyLoader()
+        loader.module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        try:
+            del loader.module.__loader__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertEqual(loader, loader.load_module('blah').__loader__)
+
+    def test_attribute_is_None(self):
+        loader = self.DummyLoader()
+        loader.module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        loader.module.__loader__ = None
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertEqual(loader, loader.load_module('blah').__loader__)
+
+    def test_not_reset(self):
+        loader = self.DummyLoader()
+        loader.module = types.ModuleType('blah')
+        loader.module.__loader__ = 42
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertEqual(42, loader.load_module('blah').__loader__)
+
+class Frozen_SetLoaderTests(SetLoaderTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    class DummyLoader:
+        @frozen_util.set_loader
+        def load_module(self, module):
+            return self.module
+
+class Source_SetLoaderTests(SetLoaderTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    class DummyLoader:
+        @source_util.set_loader
+        def load_module(self, module):
+            return self.module
+
+
+class ResolveNameTests:
 
     """Tests importlib.util.resolve_name()."""
 
     def test_absolute(self):
         # bacon
-        self.assertEqual('bacon', util.resolve_name('bacon', None))
+        self.assertEqual('bacon', self.util.resolve_name('bacon', None))
 
     def test_aboslute_within_package(self):
         # bacon in spam
-        self.assertEqual('bacon', util.resolve_name('bacon', 'spam'))
+        self.assertEqual('bacon', self.util.resolve_name('bacon', 'spam'))
 
     def test_no_package(self):
         # .bacon in ''
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            util.resolve_name('.bacon', '')
+            self.util.resolve_name('.bacon', '')
 
     def test_in_package(self):
         # .bacon in spam
         self.assertEqual('spam.eggs.bacon',
-                         util.resolve_name('.bacon', 'spam.eggs'))
+                         self.util.resolve_name('.bacon', 'spam.eggs'))
 
     def test_other_package(self):
         # ..bacon in spam.bacon
         self.assertEqual('spam.bacon',
-                         util.resolve_name('..bacon', 'spam.eggs'))
+                         self.util.resolve_name('..bacon', 'spam.eggs'))
 
     def test_escape(self):
         # ..bacon in spam
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            util.resolve_name('..bacon', 'spam')
+            self.util.resolve_name('..bacon', 'spam')
+
+Frozen_ResolveNameTests, Source_ResolveNameTests = test_util.test_both(
+        ResolveNameTests,
+        util=[frozen_util, source_util])
+
+
+class FindSpecTests:
+
+    class FakeMetaFinder:
+        @staticmethod
+        def find_spec(name, path=None, target=None): return name, path, target
+
+    def test_sys_modules(self):
+        name = 'some_mod'
+        with test_util.uncache(name):
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
+            loader = 'a loader!'
+            spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(name, loader)
+            module.__loader__ = loader
+            module.__spec__ = spec
+            sys.modules[name] = module
+            found = self.util.find_spec(name)
+            self.assertEqual(found, spec)
+
+    def test_sys_modules_without___loader__(self):
+        name = 'some_mod'
+        with test_util.uncache(name):
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
+            del module.__loader__
+            loader = 'a loader!'
+            spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(name, loader)
+            module.__spec__ = spec
+            sys.modules[name] = module
+            found = self.util.find_spec(name)
+            self.assertEqual(found, spec)
+
+    def test_sys_modules_spec_is_None(self):
+        name = 'some_mod'
+        with test_util.uncache(name):
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
+            module.__spec__ = None
+            sys.modules[name] = module
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                self.util.find_spec(name)
+
+    def test_sys_modules_loader_is_None(self):
+        name = 'some_mod'
+        with test_util.uncache(name):
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
+            spec = self.machinery.ModuleSpec(name, None)
+            module.__spec__ = spec
+            sys.modules[name] = module
+            found = self.util.find_spec(name)
+            self.assertEqual(found, spec)
 
+    def test_sys_modules_spec_is_not_set(self):
+        name = 'some_mod'
+        with test_util.uncache(name):
+            module = types.ModuleType(name)
+            try:
+                del module.__spec__
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            sys.modules[name] = module
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                self.util.find_spec(name)
 
-def test_main():
-    from test import support
-    support.run_unittest(
-            ModuleForLoaderTests,
-            SetPackageTests,
-            ResolveNameTests
-        )
+    def test_success(self):
+        name = 'some_mod'
+        with test_util.uncache(name):
+            with test_util.import_state(meta_path=[self.FakeMetaFinder]):
+                self.assertEqual((name, None, None),
+                                 self.util.find_spec(name))
+
+#    def test_success_path(self):
+#        # Searching on a path should work.
+#        name = 'some_mod'
+#        path = 'path to some place'
+#        with test_util.uncache(name):
+#            with test_util.import_state(meta_path=[self.FakeMetaFinder]):
+#                self.assertEqual((name, path, None),
+#                                 self.util.find_spec(name, path))
+
+    def test_nothing(self):
+        # None is returned upon failure to find a loader.
+        self.assertIsNone(self.util.find_spec('nevergoingtofindthismodule'))
+
+    def test_find_submodule(self):
+        name = 'spam'
+        subname = 'ham'
+        with test_util.temp_module(name, pkg=True) as pkg_dir:
+            fullname, _ = test_util.submodule(name, subname, pkg_dir)
+            spec = self.util.find_spec(fullname)
+            self.assertIsNot(spec, None)
+            self.assertIn(name, sorted(sys.modules))
+            self.assertNotIn(fullname, sorted(sys.modules))
+            # Ensure successive calls behave the same.
+            spec_again = self.util.find_spec(fullname)
+            self.assertEqual(spec_again, spec)
+
+    def test_find_submodule_parent_already_imported(self):
+        name = 'spam'
+        subname = 'ham'
+        with test_util.temp_module(name, pkg=True) as pkg_dir:
+            self.init.import_module(name)
+            fullname, _ = test_util.submodule(name, subname, pkg_dir)
+            spec = self.util.find_spec(fullname)
+            self.assertIsNot(spec, None)
+            self.assertIn(name, sorted(sys.modules))
+            self.assertNotIn(fullname, sorted(sys.modules))
+            # Ensure successive calls behave the same.
+            spec_again = self.util.find_spec(fullname)
+            self.assertEqual(spec_again, spec)
+
+    def test_find_relative_module(self):
+        name = 'spam'
+        subname = 'ham'
+        with test_util.temp_module(name, pkg=True) as pkg_dir:
+            fullname, _ = test_util.submodule(name, subname, pkg_dir)
+            relname = '.' + subname
+            spec = self.util.find_spec(relname, name)
+            self.assertIsNot(spec, None)
+            self.assertIn(name, sorted(sys.modules))
+            self.assertNotIn(fullname, sorted(sys.modules))
+            # Ensure successive calls behave the same.
+            spec_again = self.util.find_spec(fullname)
+            self.assertEqual(spec_again, spec)
+
+    def test_find_relative_module_missing_package(self):
+        name = 'spam'
+        subname = 'ham'
+        with test_util.temp_module(name, pkg=True) as pkg_dir:
+            fullname, _ = test_util.submodule(name, subname, pkg_dir)
+            relname = '.' + subname
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                self.util.find_spec(relname)
+            self.assertNotIn(name, sorted(sys.modules))
+            self.assertNotIn(fullname, sorted(sys.modules))
+
+
+class Frozen_FindSpecTests(FindSpecTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = frozen_init
+    machinery = frozen_machinery
+    util = frozen_util
+
+class Source_FindSpecTests(FindSpecTests, unittest.TestCase):
+    init = source_init
+    machinery = source_machinery
+    util = source_util
+
+
+class MagicNumberTests:
+
+    def test_length(self):
+        # Should be 4 bytes.
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.util.MAGIC_NUMBER), 4)
+
+    def test_incorporates_rn(self):
+        # The magic number uses \r\n to come out wrong when splitting on lines.
+        self.assertTrue(self.util.MAGIC_NUMBER.endswith(b'\r\n'))
+
+Frozen_MagicNumberTests, Source_MagicNumberTests = test_util.test_both(
+        MagicNumberTests, util=[frozen_util, source_util])
+
+
+class PEP3147Tests:
+
+    """Tests of PEP 3147-related functions: cache_from_source and source_from_cache."""
+
+    tag = sys.implementation.cache_tag
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.implementation.cache_tag is not None,
+                         'requires sys.implementation.cache_tag not be None')
+    def test_cache_from_source(self):
+        # Given the path to a .py file, return the path to its PEP 3147
+        # defined .pyc file (i.e. under __pycache__).
+        path = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux.py')
+        expect = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', 'baz', '__pycache__',
+                              'qux.{}.pyc'.format(self.tag))
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.cache_from_source(path, True), expect)
+
+    def test_cache_from_source_no_cache_tag(self):
+        # No cache tag means NotImplementedError.
+        with support.swap_attr(sys.implementation, 'cache_tag', None):
+            with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+                self.util.cache_from_source('whatever.py')
+
+    def test_cache_from_source_no_dot(self):
+        # Directory with a dot, filename without dot.
+        path = os.path.join('foo.bar', 'file')
+        expect = os.path.join('foo.bar', '__pycache__',
+                              'file{}.pyc'.format(self.tag))
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.cache_from_source(path, True), expect)
+
+    def test_cache_from_source_optimized(self):
+        # Given the path to a .py file, return the path to its PEP 3147
+        # defined .pyo file (i.e. under __pycache__).
+        path = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux.py')
+        expect = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', 'baz', '__pycache__',
+                              'qux.{}.pyo'.format(self.tag))
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.cache_from_source(path, False), expect)
+
+    def test_cache_from_source_cwd(self):
+        path = 'foo.py'
+        expect = os.path.join('__pycache__', 'foo.{}.pyc'.format(self.tag))
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.cache_from_source(path, True), expect)
+
+    def test_cache_from_source_override(self):
+        # When debug_override is not None, it can be any true-ish or false-ish
+        # value.
+        path = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', 'baz.py')
+        partial_expect = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', '__pycache__',
+                                      'baz.{}.py'.format(self.tag))
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.cache_from_source(path, []), partial_expect + 'o')
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.cache_from_source(path, [17]),
+                         partial_expect + 'c')
+        # However if the bool-ishness can't be determined, the exception
+        # propagates.
+        class Bearish:
+            def __bool__(self): raise RuntimeError
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            self.util.cache_from_source('/foo/bar/baz.py', Bearish())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.sep == '\\' and os.altsep == '/',
+                     'test meaningful only where os.altsep is defined')
+    def test_sep_altsep_and_sep_cache_from_source(self):
+        # Windows path and PEP 3147 where sep is right of altsep.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.util.cache_from_source('\\foo\\bar\\baz/qux.py', True),
+            '\\foo\\bar\\baz\\__pycache__\\qux.{}.pyc'.format(self.tag))
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.implementation.cache_tag is not None,
+                         'requires sys.implementation.cache_tag to not be '
+                         'None')
+    def test_source_from_cache(self):
+        # Given the path to a PEP 3147 defined .pyc file, return the path to
+        # its source.  This tests the good path.
+        path = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', 'baz', '__pycache__',
+                            'qux.{}.pyc'.format(self.tag))
+        expect = os.path.join('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux.py')
+        self.assertEqual(self.util.source_from_cache(path), expect)
+
+    def test_source_from_cache_no_cache_tag(self):
+        # If sys.implementation.cache_tag is None, raise NotImplementedError.
+        path = os.path.join('blah', '__pycache__', 'whatever.pyc')
+        with support.swap_attr(sys.implementation, 'cache_tag', None):
+            with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+                self.util.source_from_cache(path)
+
+    def test_source_from_cache_bad_path(self):
+        # When the path to a pyc file is not in PEP 3147 format, a ValueError
+        # is raised.
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.util.source_from_cache, '/foo/bar/bazqux.pyc')
+
+    def test_source_from_cache_no_slash(self):
+        # No slashes at all in path -> ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.util.source_from_cache, 'foo.cpython-32.pyc')
+
+    def test_source_from_cache_too_few_dots(self):
+        # Too few dots in final path component -> ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.util.source_from_cache, '__pycache__/foo.pyc')
+
+    def test_source_from_cache_too_many_dots(self):
+        # Too many dots in final path component -> ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.util.source_from_cache,
+            '__pycache__/foo.cpython-32.foo.pyc')
+
+    def test_source_from_cache_no__pycache__(self):
+        # Another problem with the path -> ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, self.util.source_from_cache,
+            '/foo/bar/foo.cpython-32.foo.pyc')
+
+Frozen_PEP3147Tests, Source_PEP3147Tests = test_util.test_both(
+        PEP3147Tests,
+        util=[frozen_util, source_util])
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_windows.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96b4adcd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/test_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from . import util
+frozen_machinery, source_machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith('win'), 'requires Windows')
+class WindowsRegistryFinderTests:
+
+    # XXX Need a test that finds the spec via the registry.
+
+    def test_find_spec_missing(self):
+        spec = self.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder.find_spec('spam')
+        self.assertIs(spec, None)
+
+    def test_find_module_missing(self):
+        loader = self.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder.find_module('spam')
+        self.assertIs(loader, None)
+
+
+class Frozen_WindowsRegistryFinderTests(WindowsRegistryFinderTests,
+                                        unittest.TestCase):
+    machinery = frozen_machinery
+
+
+class Source_WindowsRegistryFinderTests(WindowsRegistryFinderTests,
+                                        unittest.TestCase):
+    machinery = source_machinery
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/util.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/util.py
index ef32f7d690..885cec3b29 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/util.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/util.py
@@ -1,9 +1,31 @@
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-import imp
+from importlib import util, invalidate_caches
 import os.path
 from test import support
 import unittest
 import sys
+import types
+
+
+def import_importlib(module_name):
+    """Import a module from importlib both w/ and w/o _frozen_importlib."""
+    fresh = ('importlib',) if '.' in module_name else ()
+    frozen = support.import_fresh_module(module_name)
+    source = support.import_fresh_module(module_name, fresh=fresh,
+                                         blocked=('_frozen_importlib',))
+    return frozen, source
+
+
+def test_both(test_class, **kwargs):
+    frozen_tests = types.new_class('Frozen_'+test_class.__name__,
+                                   (test_class, unittest.TestCase))
+    source_tests = types.new_class('Source_'+test_class.__name__,
+                                   (test_class, unittest.TestCase))
+    frozen_tests.__module__ = source_tests.__module__ = test_class.__module__
+    for attr, (frozen_value, source_value) in kwargs.items():
+        setattr(frozen_tests, attr, frozen_value)
+        setattr(source_tests, attr, source_value)
+    return frozen_tests, source_tests
 
 
 CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS = True
@@ -24,6 +46,13 @@ def case_insensitive_tests(test):
                             "requires a case-insensitive filesystem")(test)
 
 
+def submodule(parent, name, pkg_dir, content=''):
+    path = os.path.join(pkg_dir, name + '.py')
+    with open(path, 'w') as subfile:
+        subfile.write(content)
+    return '{}.{}'.format(parent, name), path
+
+
 @contextmanager
 def uncache(*names):
     """Uncache a module from sys.modules.
@@ -49,6 +78,31 @@ def uncache(*names):
             except KeyError:
                 pass
 
+
+@contextmanager
+def temp_module(name, content='', *, pkg=False):
+    conflicts = [n for n in sys.modules if n.partition('.')[0] == name]
+    with support.temp_cwd(None) as cwd:
+        with uncache(name, *conflicts):
+            with support.DirsOnSysPath(cwd):
+                invalidate_caches()
+
+                location = os.path.join(cwd, name)
+                if pkg:
+                    modpath = os.path.join(location, '__init__.py')
+                    os.mkdir(name)
+                else:
+                    modpath = location + '.py'
+                    if content is None:
+                        # Make sure the module file gets created.
+                        content = ''
+                if content is not None:
+                    # not a namespace package
+                    with open(modpath, 'w') as modfile:
+                        modfile.write(content)
+                yield location
+
+
 @contextmanager
 def import_state(**kwargs):
     """Context manager to manage the various importers and stored state in the
@@ -80,9 +134,9 @@ def import_state(**kwargs):
             setattr(sys, attr, value)
 
 
-class mock_modules:
+class _ImporterMock:
 
-    """A mock importer/loader."""
+    """Base class to help with creating importer mocks."""
 
     def __init__(self, *names, module_code={}):
         self.modules = {}
@@ -98,7 +152,7 @@ class mock_modules:
                 package = name.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
             else:
                 package = import_name
-            module = imp.new_module(import_name)
+            module = types.ModuleType(import_name)
             module.__loader__ = self
             module.__file__ = '<mock __file__>'
             module.__package__ = package
@@ -112,6 +166,19 @@ class mock_modules:
     def __getitem__(self, name):
         return self.modules[name]
 
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._uncache = uncache(*self.modules.keys())
+        self._uncache.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+        self._uncache.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+
+class mock_modules(_ImporterMock):
+
+    """Importer mock using PEP 302 APIs."""
+
     def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
         if fullname not in self.modules:
             return None
@@ -131,10 +198,28 @@ class mock_modules:
                     raise
             return self.modules[fullname]
 
-    def __enter__(self):
-        self._uncache = uncache(*self.modules.keys())
-        self._uncache.__enter__()
-        return self
+class mock_spec(_ImporterMock):
 
-    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
-        self._uncache.__exit__(None, None, None)
+    """Importer mock using PEP 451 APIs."""
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, parent=None):
+        try:
+            module = self.modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+        is_package = hasattr(module, '__path__')
+        spec = util.spec_from_file_location(
+                fullname, module.__file__, loader=self,
+                submodule_search_locations=getattr(module, '__path__', None))
+        return spec
+
+    def create_module(self, spec):
+        if spec.name not in self.modules:
+            raise ImportError
+        return self.modules[spec.name]
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        try:
+            self.module_code[module.__spec__.name]()
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_index.py b/Lib/test/test_index.py
index 87857119e1..a2ac32132e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_index.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_index.py
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 return True
 
         bad_int = BadInt()
-        n = operator.index(bad_int)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            n = operator.index(bad_int)
         self.assertEqual(n, 1)
 
         bad_int = BadInt2()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_inspect.py b/Lib/test/test_inspect.py
index 5cbec9bb17..0dc74512a2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_inspect.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_inspect.py
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
-import re
-import sys
-import types
-import unittest
+import collections
+import datetime
+import functools
+import importlib
 import inspect
+import io
 import linecache
-import datetime
-import collections
 import os
-import shutil
 from os.path import normcase
+import _pickle
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import types
+import unicodedata
+import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 
-from test.support import run_unittest, TESTFN, DirsOnSysPath
+try:
+    from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+except ImportError:
+    ThreadPoolExecutor = None
 
+from test.support import run_unittest, TESTFN, DirsOnSysPath, cpython_only
+from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure
 from test import inspect_fodder as mod
 from test import inspect_fodder2 as mod2
 
-# C module for test_findsource_binary
-import unicodedata
 
 # Functions tested in this suite:
 # ismodule, isclass, ismethod, isfunction, istraceback, isframe, iscode,
@@ -120,7 +130,6 @@ class TestPredicates(IsTestBase):
     def test_get_slot_members(self):
         class C(object):
             __slots__ = ("a", "b")
-
         x = C()
         x.a = 42
         members = dict(inspect.getmembers(x))
@@ -310,6 +319,16 @@ class TestRetrievingSourceCode(GetSourceBase):
     def test_getfile(self):
         self.assertEqual(inspect.getfile(mod.StupidGit), mod.__file__)
 
+    def test_getfile_class_without_module(self):
+        class CM(type):
+            @property
+            def __module__(cls):
+                raise AttributeError
+        class C(metaclass=CM):
+            pass
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            inspect.getfile(C)
+
     def test_getmodule_recursion(self):
         from types import ModuleType
         name = '__inspect_dummy'
@@ -418,14 +437,14 @@ class TestBuggyCases(GetSourceBase):
             unicodedata.__file__[-4:] in (".pyc", ".pyo"),
         "unicodedata is not an external binary module")
     def test_findsource_binary(self):
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.getsource, unicodedata)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.findsource, unicodedata)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, unicodedata)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.findsource, unicodedata)
 
     def test_findsource_code_in_linecache(self):
         lines = ["x=1"]
         co = compile(lines[0], "_dynamically_created_file", "exec")
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.findsource, co)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.getsource, co)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.findsource, co)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, inspect.getsource, co)
         linecache.cache[co.co_filename] = (1, None, lines, co.co_filename)
         try:
             self.assertEqual(inspect.findsource(co), (lines,0))
@@ -463,13 +482,13 @@ class _BrokenDataDescriptor(object):
     A broken data descriptor. See bug #1785.
     """
     def __get__(*args):
-        raise AssertionError("should not __get__ data descriptors")
+        raise AttributeError("broken data descriptor")
 
     def __set__(*args):
         raise RuntimeError
 
     def __getattr__(*args):
-        raise AssertionError("should not __getattr__ data descriptors")
+        raise AttributeError("broken data descriptor")
 
 
 class _BrokenMethodDescriptor(object):
@@ -477,10 +496,10 @@ class _BrokenMethodDescriptor(object):
     A broken method descriptor. See bug #1785.
     """
     def __get__(*args):
-        raise AssertionError("should not __get__ method descriptors")
+        raise AttributeError("broken method descriptor")
 
     def __getattr__(*args):
-        raise AssertionError("should not __getattr__ method descriptors")
+        raise AttributeError("broken method descriptor")
 
 
 # Helper for testing classify_class_attrs.
@@ -559,6 +578,96 @@ class TestClassesAndFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
                                      kwonlyargs_e=['arg'],
                                      formatted='(*, arg)')
 
+    def test_argspec_api_ignores_wrapped(self):
+        # Issue 20684: low level introspection API must ignore __wrapped__
+        @functools.wraps(mod.spam)
+        def ham(x, y):
+            pass
+        # Basic check
+        self.assertArgSpecEquals(ham, ['x', 'y'], formatted='(x, y)')
+        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(ham, ['x', 'y'], formatted='(x, y)')
+        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(functools.partial(ham),
+                                     ['x', 'y'], formatted='(x, y)')
+        # Other variants
+        def check_method(f):
+            self.assertArgSpecEquals(f, ['self', 'x', 'y'],
+                                        formatted='(self, x, y)')
+        class C:
+            @functools.wraps(mod.spam)
+            def ham(self, x, y):
+                pass
+            pham = functools.partialmethod(ham)
+            @functools.wraps(mod.spam)
+            def __call__(self, x, y):
+                pass
+        check_method(C())
+        check_method(C.ham)
+        check_method(C().ham)
+        check_method(C.pham)
+        check_method(C().pham)
+
+        class C_new:
+            @functools.wraps(mod.spam)
+            def __new__(self, x, y):
+                pass
+        check_method(C_new)
+
+        class C_init:
+            @functools.wraps(mod.spam)
+            def __init__(self, x, y):
+                pass
+        check_method(C_init)
+
+    def test_getfullargspec_signature_attr(self):
+        def test():
+            pass
+        spam_param = inspect.Parameter('spam', inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY)
+        test.__signature__ = inspect.Signature(parameters=(spam_param,))
+
+        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(test, args_e=['spam'], formatted='(spam)')
+
+    def test_getfullargspec_signature_annos(self):
+        def test(a:'spam') -> 'ham': pass
+        spec = inspect.getfullargspec(test)
+        self.assertEqual(test.__annotations__, spec.annotations)
+
+        def test(): pass
+        spec = inspect.getfullargspec(test)
+        self.assertEqual(test.__annotations__, spec.annotations)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_getfullargspec_builtin_methods(self):
+        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(_pickle.Pickler.dump,
+                                     args_e=['self', 'obj'], formatted='(self, obj)')
+
+        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(_pickle.Pickler(io.BytesIO()).dump,
+                                     args_e=['self', 'obj'], formatted='(self, obj)')
+
+        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(
+             os.stat,
+             args_e=['path'],
+             kwonlyargs_e=['dir_fd', 'follow_symlinks'],
+             kwonlydefaults_e={'dir_fd': None, 'follow_symlinks': True},
+             formatted='(path, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True)')
+
+    @cpython_only
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_getfullagrspec_builtin_func(self):
+        import _testcapi
+        builtin = _testcapi.docstring_with_signature_with_defaults
+        spec = inspect.getfullargspec(builtin)
+        self.assertEqual(spec.defaults[0], 'avocado')
+
+    @cpython_only
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_getfullagrspec_builtin_func_no_signature(self):
+        import _testcapi
+        builtin = _testcapi.docstring_no_signature
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            inspect.getfullargspec(builtin)
 
     def test_getargspec_method(self):
         class A(object):
@@ -588,6 +697,10 @@ class TestClassesAndFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
             md = _BrokenMethodDescriptor()
 
         attrs = attrs_wo_objs(A)
+
+        self.assertIn(('__new__', 'method', object), attrs, 'missing __new__')
+        self.assertIn(('__init__', 'method', object), attrs, 'missing __init__')
+
         self.assertIn(('s', 'static method', A), attrs, 'missing static method')
         self.assertIn(('c', 'class method', A), attrs, 'missing class method')
         self.assertIn(('p', 'property', A), attrs, 'missing property')
@@ -650,6 +763,88 @@ class TestClassesAndFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
             if isinstance(builtin, type):
                 inspect.classify_class_attrs(builtin)
 
+    def test_classify_DynamicClassAttribute(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name == 'ham':
+                    return 'spam'
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class VA(metaclass=Meta):
+            @types.DynamicClassAttribute
+            def ham(self):
+                return 'eggs'
+        should_find_dca = inspect.Attribute('ham', 'data', VA, VA.__dict__['ham'])
+        self.assertIn(should_find_dca, inspect.classify_class_attrs(VA))
+        should_find_ga = inspect.Attribute('ham', 'data', Meta, 'spam')
+        self.assertIn(should_find_ga, inspect.classify_class_attrs(VA))
+
+    def test_classify_metaclass_class_attribute(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            fish = 'slap'
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return ['__class__', '__modules__', '__name__', 'fish']
+        class Class(metaclass=Meta):
+            pass
+        should_find = inspect.Attribute('fish', 'data', Meta, 'slap')
+        self.assertIn(should_find, inspect.classify_class_attrs(Class))
+
+    def test_classify_VirtualAttribute(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'BOOM']
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='BOOM':
+                    return 42
+                return super().__getattr(name)
+        class Class(metaclass=Meta):
+            pass
+        should_find = inspect.Attribute('BOOM', 'data', Meta, 42)
+        self.assertIn(should_find, inspect.classify_class_attrs(Class))
+
+    def test_classify_VirtualAttribute_multi_classes(self):
+        class Meta1(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'one']
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='one':
+                    return 1
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class Meta2(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'two']
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='two':
+                    return 2
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class Meta3(Meta1, Meta2):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return list(sorted(set(['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'three'] +
+                    Meta1.__dir__(cls) + Meta2.__dir__(cls))))
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='three':
+                    return 3
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class Class1(metaclass=Meta1):
+            pass
+        class Class2(Class1, metaclass=Meta3):
+            pass
+
+        should_find1 = inspect.Attribute('one', 'data', Meta1, 1)
+        should_find2 = inspect.Attribute('two', 'data', Meta2, 2)
+        should_find3 = inspect.Attribute('three', 'data', Meta3, 3)
+        cca = inspect.classify_class_attrs(Class2)
+        for sf in (should_find1, should_find2, should_find3):
+            self.assertIn(sf, cca)
+
+    def test_classify_class_attrs_with_buggy_dir(self):
+        class M(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__name__', 'missing']
+        class C(metaclass=M):
+            pass
+        attrs = [a[0] for a in inspect.classify_class_attrs(C)]
+        self.assertNotIn('missing', attrs)
+
     def test_getmembers_descriptors(self):
         class A(object):
             dd = _BrokenDataDescriptor()
@@ -693,6 +888,28 @@ class TestClassesAndFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(('f', b.f), inspect.getmembers(b))
         self.assertIn(('f', b.f), inspect.getmembers(b, inspect.ismethod))
 
+    def test_getmembers_VirtualAttribute(self):
+        class M(type):
+            def __getattr__(cls, name):
+                if name == 'eggs':
+                    return 'scrambled'
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class A(metaclass=M):
+            @types.DynamicClassAttribute
+            def eggs(self):
+                return 'spam'
+        self.assertIn(('eggs', 'scrambled'), inspect.getmembers(A))
+        self.assertIn(('eggs', 'spam'), inspect.getmembers(A()))
+
+    def test_getmembers_with_buggy_dir(self):
+        class M(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__name__', 'missing']
+        class C(metaclass=M):
+            pass
+        attrs = [a[0] for a in inspect.getmembers(C)]
+        self.assertNotIn('missing', attrs)
+
 
 _global_ref = object()
 class TestGetClosureVars(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1080,6 +1297,15 @@ class TestGetattrStatic(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Thing, 'x'), Thing.x)
 
+    def test_classVirtualAttribute(self):
+        class Thing(object):
+            @types.DynamicClassAttribute
+            def x(self):
+                return self._x
+            _x = object()
+
+        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Thing, 'x'), Thing.__dict__['x'])
+
     def test_inherited_classattribute(self):
         class Thing(object):
             x = object()
@@ -1390,11 +1616,13 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(str(S()), '()')
 
-        def test(po, pk, *args, ko, **kwargs):
+        def test(po, pk, pod=42, pkd=100, *args, ko, **kwargs):
             pass
         sig = inspect.signature(test)
         po = sig.parameters['po'].replace(kind=P.POSITIONAL_ONLY)
+        pod = sig.parameters['pod'].replace(kind=P.POSITIONAL_ONLY)
         pk = sig.parameters['pk']
+        pkd = sig.parameters['pkd']
         args = sig.parameters['args']
         ko = sig.parameters['ko']
         kwargs = sig.parameters['kwargs']
@@ -1417,6 +1645,15 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'duplicate parameter name'):
             S((po, pk, args, kwargs2, ko))
 
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'follows default argument'):
+            S((pod, po))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'follows default argument'):
+            S((po, pkd, pk))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'follows default argument'):
+            S((pkd, pk))
+
     def test_signature_immutability(self):
         def test(a):
             pass
@@ -1461,19 +1698,95 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
                            ('kwargs', ..., int, "var_keyword")),
                           ...))
 
-    def test_signature_on_builtin_function(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'not supported by signature'):
-            inspect.signature(type)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'not supported by signature'):
-            # support for 'wrapper_descriptor'
-            inspect.signature(type.__call__)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'not supported by signature'):
-            # support for 'method-wrapper'
-            inspect.signature(min.__call__)
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
-                                     'no signature found for builtin function'):
-            # support for 'method-wrapper'
-            inspect.signature(min)
+    @cpython_only
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_signature_on_builtins(self):
+        import _testcapi
+
+        def test_unbound_method(o):
+            """Use this to test unbound methods (things that should have a self)"""
+            signature = inspect.signature(o)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(signature, inspect.Signature))
+            self.assertEqual(list(signature.parameters.values())[0].name, 'self')
+            return signature
+
+        def test_callable(o):
+            """Use this to test bound methods or normal callables (things that don't expect self)"""
+            signature = inspect.signature(o)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(signature, inspect.Signature))
+            if signature.parameters:
+                self.assertNotEqual(list(signature.parameters.values())[0].name, 'self')
+            return signature
+
+        signature = test_callable(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature_with_defaults)
+        def p(name): return signature.parameters[name].default
+        self.assertEqual(p('s'), 'avocado')
+        self.assertEqual(p('b'), b'bytes')
+        self.assertEqual(p('d'), 3.14)
+        self.assertEqual(p('i'), 35)
+        self.assertEqual(p('n'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(p('t'), True)
+        self.assertEqual(p('f'), False)
+        self.assertEqual(p('local'), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(p('sys'), sys.maxsize)
+        self.assertEqual(p('exp'), sys.maxsize - 1)
+
+        test_callable(object)
+
+        # normal method
+        # (PyMethodDescr_Type, "method_descriptor")
+        test_unbound_method(_pickle.Pickler.dump)
+        d = _pickle.Pickler(io.StringIO())
+        test_callable(d.dump)
+
+        # static method
+        test_callable(str.maketrans)
+        test_callable('abc'.maketrans)
+
+        # class method
+        test_callable(dict.fromkeys)
+        test_callable({}.fromkeys)
+
+        # wrapper around slot (PyWrapperDescr_Type, "wrapper_descriptor")
+        test_unbound_method(type.__call__)
+        test_unbound_method(int.__add__)
+        test_callable((3).__add__)
+
+        # _PyMethodWrapper_Type
+        # support for 'method-wrapper'
+        test_callable(min.__call__)
+
+        # This doesn't work now.
+        # (We don't have a valid signature for "type" in 3.4)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "no signature found"):
+            class ThisWorksNow:
+                __call__ = type
+            test_callable(ThisWorksNow())
+
+    @cpython_only
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_signature_on_decorated_builtins(self):
+        import _testcapi
+        func = _testcapi.docstring_with_signature_with_defaults
+
+        def decorator(func):
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            def wrapper(*args, **kwargs) -> int:
+                return func(*args, **kwargs)
+            return wrapper
+
+        decorated_func = decorator(func)
+
+        self.assertEqual(inspect.signature(func),
+                         inspect.signature(decorated_func))
+
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_signature_on_builtins_no_signature(self):
+        import _testcapi
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'no signature found for builtin'):
+            inspect.signature(_testcapi.docstring_no_signature)
 
     def test_signature_on_non_function(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'is not a callable object'):
@@ -1482,18 +1795,112 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'is not a Python function'):
             inspect.Signature.from_function(42)
 
+    def test_signature_from_builtin_errors(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'is not a Python builtin'):
+            inspect.Signature.from_builtin(42)
+
+    def test_signature_from_functionlike_object(self):
+        def func(a,b, *args, kwonly=True, kwonlyreq, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        class funclike:
+            # Has to be callable, and have correct
+            # __code__, __annotations__, __defaults__, __name__,
+            # and __kwdefaults__ attributes
+
+            def __init__(self, func):
+                self.__name__ = func.__name__
+                self.__code__ = func.__code__
+                self.__annotations__ = func.__annotations__
+                self.__defaults__ = func.__defaults__
+                self.__kwdefaults__ = func.__kwdefaults__
+                self.func = func
+
+            def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        sig_func = inspect.Signature.from_function(func)
+
+        sig_funclike = inspect.Signature.from_function(funclike(func))
+        self.assertEqual(sig_funclike, sig_func)
+
+        sig_funclike = inspect.signature(funclike(func))
+        self.assertEqual(sig_funclike, sig_func)
+
+        # If object is not a duck type of function, then
+        # signature will try to get a signature for its '__call__'
+        # method
+        fl = funclike(func)
+        del fl.__defaults__
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(fl),
+                         ((('args', ..., ..., "var_positional"),
+                           ('kwargs', ..., ..., "var_keyword")),
+                           ...))
+
+        # Test with cython-like builtins:
+        _orig_isdesc = inspect.ismethoddescriptor
+        def _isdesc(obj):
+            if hasattr(obj, '_builtinmock'):
+                return True
+            return _orig_isdesc(obj)
+
+        with unittest.mock.patch('inspect.ismethoddescriptor', _isdesc):
+            builtin_func = funclike(func)
+            # Make sure that our mock setup is working
+            self.assertFalse(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(builtin_func))
+            builtin_func._builtinmock = True
+            self.assertTrue(inspect.ismethoddescriptor(builtin_func))
+            self.assertEqual(inspect.signature(builtin_func), sig_func)
+
+    def test_signature_functionlike_class(self):
+        # We only want to duck type function-like objects,
+        # not classes.
+
+        def func(a,b, *args, kwonly=True, kwonlyreq, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        class funclike:
+            def __init__(self, marker):
+                pass
+
+            __name__ = func.__name__
+            __code__ = func.__code__
+            __annotations__ = func.__annotations__
+            __defaults__ = func.__defaults__
+            __kwdefaults__ = func.__kwdefaults__
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'is not a Python function'):
+            inspect.Signature.from_function(funclike)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(funclike)), '(marker)')
+
     def test_signature_on_method(self):
         class Test:
-            def foo(self, arg1, arg2=1) -> int:
+            def __init__(*args):
+                pass
+            def m1(self, arg1, arg2=1) -> int:
+                pass
+            def m2(*args):
+                pass
+            def __call__(*, a):
                 pass
 
-        meth = Test().foo
-
-        self.assertEqual(self.signature(meth),
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Test().m1),
                          ((('arg1', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),
                            ('arg2', 1, ..., "positional_or_keyword")),
                           int))
 
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Test().m2),
+                         ((('args', ..., ..., "var_positional"),),
+                          ...))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Test),
+                         ((('args', ..., ..., "var_positional"),),
+                          ...))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'invalid method signature'):
+            self.signature(Test())
+
     def test_signature_on_classmethod(self):
         class Test:
             @classmethod
@@ -1687,6 +2094,38 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
         ba = inspect.signature(_foo).bind(12, 14)
         self.assertEqual(_foo(*ba.args, **ba.kwargs), (12, 14, 13))
 
+    def test_signature_on_partialmethod(self):
+        from functools import partialmethod
+
+        class Spam:
+            def test():
+                pass
+            ham = partialmethod(test)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "has incorrect arguments"):
+            inspect.signature(Spam.ham)
+
+        class Spam:
+            def test(it, a, *, c) -> 'spam':
+                pass
+            ham = partialmethod(test, c=1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam.ham),
+                         ((('it', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
+                           ('a', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
+                           ('c', 1, ..., 'keyword_only')),
+                          'spam'))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam().ham),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., 'positional_or_keyword'),
+                           ('c', 1, ..., 'keyword_only')),
+                          'spam'))
+
+    def test_signature_on_fake_partialmethod(self):
+        def foo(a): pass
+        foo._partialmethod = 'spam'
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(foo)), '(a)')
+
     def test_signature_on_decorated(self):
         import functools
 
@@ -1736,6 +2175,17 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
                          ((('b', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
                           ...))
 
+        # Test we handle __signature__ partway down the wrapper stack
+        def wrapped_foo_call():
+            pass
+        wrapped_foo_call.__wrapped__ = Foo.__call__
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(wrapped_foo_call),
+                         ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),
+                           ('b', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword")),
+                          ...))
+
+
     def test_signature_on_class(self):
         class C:
             def __init__(self, a):
@@ -1817,6 +2267,49 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
                            ('bar', 2, ..., "keyword_only")),
                           ...))
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_signature_on_class_without_init(self):
+        # Test classes without user-defined __init__ or __new__
+        class C: pass
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(C)), '()')
+        class D(C): pass
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(D)), '()')
+
+        # Test meta-classes without user-defined __init__ or __new__
+        class C(type): pass
+        class D(C): pass
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "callable.*is not supported"):
+            self.assertEqual(inspect.signature(C), None)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "callable.*is not supported"):
+            self.assertEqual(inspect.signature(D), None)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
+                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
+    def test_signature_on_builtin_class(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(_pickle.Pickler)),
+                         '(file, protocol=None, fix_imports=True)')
+
+        class P(_pickle.Pickler): pass
+        class EmptyTrait: pass
+        class P2(EmptyTrait, P): pass
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(P)),
+                         '(file, protocol=None, fix_imports=True)')
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(P2)),
+                         '(file, protocol=None, fix_imports=True)')
+
+        class P3(P2):
+            def __init__(self, spam):
+                pass
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(P3)), '(spam)')
+
+        class MetaP(type):
+            def __call__(cls, foo, bar):
+                pass
+        class P4(P2, metaclass=MetaP):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(P4)), '(foo, bar)')
+
     def test_signature_on_callable_objects(self):
         class Foo:
             def __call__(self, a):
@@ -1838,18 +2331,16 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
                          ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
                           ...))
 
-        class ToFail:
-            __call__ = type
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "not supported by signature"):
-            inspect.signature(ToFail())
-
-
         class Wrapped:
             pass
         Wrapped.__wrapped__ = lambda a: None
         self.assertEqual(self.signature(Wrapped),
                          ((('a', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),),
                           ...))
+        # wrapper loop:
+        Wrapped.__wrapped__ = Wrapped
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'wrapper loop'):
+            self.signature(Wrapped)
 
     def test_signature_on_lambdas(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.signature((lambda a=10: a)),
@@ -1923,6 +2414,7 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_signature_str_positional_only(self):
         P = inspect.Parameter
+        S = inspect.Signature
 
         def test(a_po, *, b, **kwargs):
             return a_po, kwargs
@@ -1933,14 +2425,20 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
         test.__signature__ = sig.replace(parameters=new_params)
 
         self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(test)),
-                         '(<a_po>, *, b, **kwargs)')
+                         '(a_po, /, *, b, **kwargs)')
 
-        sig = inspect.signature(test)
-        new_params = list(sig.parameters.values())
-        new_params[0] = new_params[0].replace(name=None)
-        test.__signature__ = sig.replace(parameters=new_params)
-        self.assertEqual(str(inspect.signature(test)),
-                         '(<0>, *, b, **kwargs)')
+        self.assertEqual(str(S(parameters=[P('foo', P.POSITIONAL_ONLY)])),
+                         '(foo, /)')
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(S(parameters=[
+                                P('foo', P.POSITIONAL_ONLY),
+                                P('bar', P.VAR_KEYWORD)])),
+                         '(foo, /, **bar)')
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(S(parameters=[
+                                P('foo', P.POSITIONAL_ONLY),
+                                P('bar', P.VAR_POSITIONAL)])),
+                         '(foo, /, *bar)')
 
     def test_signature_replace_anno(self):
         def test() -> 42:
@@ -1955,6 +2453,22 @@ class TestSignatureObject(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(sig.return_annotation, 42)
         self.assertEqual(sig, inspect.signature(test))
 
+    def test_signature_on_mangled_parameters(self):
+        class Spam:
+            def foo(self, __p1:1=2, *, __p2:2=3):
+                pass
+        class Ham(Spam):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam.foo),
+                         ((('self', ..., ..., "positional_or_keyword"),
+                           ('_Spam__p1', 2, 1, "positional_or_keyword"),
+                           ('_Spam__p2', 3, 2, "keyword_only")),
+                          ...))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.signature(Spam.foo),
+                         self.signature(Ham.foo))
+
 
 class TestParameterObject(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_signature_parameter_kinds(self):
@@ -1979,10 +2493,13 @@ class TestParameterObject(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'not a valid parameter name'):
             inspect.Parameter('1', kind=inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
 
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
-                                     'non-positional-only parameter'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'name must be a str'):
             inspect.Parameter(None, kind=inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
 
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    'is not a valid parameter name'):
+            inspect.Parameter('$', kind=inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
+
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'cannot have default values'):
             inspect.Parameter('a', default=42,
                               kind=inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
@@ -2031,7 +2548,8 @@ class TestParameterObject(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(p2.name, 'bar')
         self.assertNotEqual(p2, p)
 
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'not a valid parameter name'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    'name is a required attribute'):
             p2 = p2.replace(name=p2.empty)
 
         p2 = p2.replace(name='foo', default=None)
@@ -2053,14 +2571,11 @@ class TestParameterObject(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(p2, p)
 
     def test_signature_parameter_positional_only(self):
-        p = inspect.Parameter(None, kind=inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(str(p), '<>')
-
-        p = p.replace(name='1')
-        self.assertEqual(str(p), '<1>')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'name must be a str'):
+            inspect.Parameter(None, kind=inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY)
 
     def test_signature_parameter_immutability(self):
-        p = inspect.Parameter(None, kind=inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY)
+        p = inspect.Parameter('spam', kind=inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY)
 
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             p.foo = 'bar'
@@ -2258,6 +2773,15 @@ class TestSignatureBind(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(self.call(test, 1, 2, 4, 5, bar=6),
                          (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, {}))
 
+        self.assertEqual(self.call(test, 1, 2),
+                         (1, 2, 3, 42, 50, {}))
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.call(test, 1, 2, foo=4, bar=5),
+                         (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, {}))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "but was passed as a keyword"):
+            self.call(test, 1, 2, foo=4, bar=5, c_po=10)
+
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "parameter is positional only"):
             self.call(test, 1, 2, c_po=4)
 
@@ -2274,6 +2798,22 @@ class TestSignatureBind(unittest.TestCase):
         ba = sig.bind(1, self=2, b=3)
         self.assertEqual(ba.args, (1, 2, 3))
 
+    def test_signature_bind_vararg_name(self):
+        def test(a, *args):
+            return a, args
+        sig = inspect.signature(test)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "too many keyword arguments"):
+            sig.bind(a=0, args=1)
+
+        def test(*args, **kwargs):
+            return args, kwargs
+        self.assertEqual(self.call(test, args=1), ((), {'args': 1}))
+
+        sig = inspect.signature(test)
+        ba = sig.bind(args=1)
+        self.assertEqual(ba.arguments, {'kwargs': {'args': 1}})
+
 
 class TestBoundArguments(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_signature_bound_arguments_unhashable(self):
@@ -2301,6 +2841,168 @@ class TestBoundArguments(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotEqual(ba, ba4)
 
 
+class TestSignaturePrivateHelpers(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_signature_get_bound_param(self):
+        getter = inspect._signature_get_bound_param
+
+        self.assertEqual(getter('($self)'), 'self')
+        self.assertEqual(getter('($self, obj)'), 'self')
+        self.assertEqual(getter('($cls, /, obj)'), 'cls')
+
+    def _strip_non_python_syntax(self, input,
+        clean_signature, self_parameter, last_positional_only):
+        computed_clean_signature, \
+            computed_self_parameter, \
+            computed_last_positional_only = \
+            inspect._signature_strip_non_python_syntax(input)
+        self.assertEqual(computed_clean_signature, clean_signature)
+        self.assertEqual(computed_self_parameter, self_parameter)
+        self.assertEqual(computed_last_positional_only, last_positional_only)
+
+    def test_signature_strip_non_python_syntax(self):
+        self._strip_non_python_syntax(
+            "($module, /, path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, " +
+                "effective_ids=False,\n       follow_symlinks=True)",
+            "(module, path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, " +
+                "effective_ids=False, follow_symlinks=True)",
+            0,
+            0)
+
+        self._strip_non_python_syntax(
+            "($module, word, salt, /)",
+            "(module, word, salt)",
+            0,
+            2)
+
+        self._strip_non_python_syntax(
+            "(x, y=None, z=None, /)",
+            "(x, y=None, z=None)",
+            None,
+            2)
+
+        self._strip_non_python_syntax(
+            "(x, y=None, z=None)",
+            "(x, y=None, z=None)",
+            None,
+            None)
+
+        self._strip_non_python_syntax(
+            "(x,\n    y=None,\n      z = None  )",
+            "(x, y=None, z=None)",
+            None,
+            None)
+
+        self._strip_non_python_syntax(
+            "",
+            "",
+            None,
+            None)
+
+        self._strip_non_python_syntax(
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None)
+
+
+class TestUnwrap(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_unwrap_one(self):
+        def func(a, b):
+            return a + b
+        wrapper = functools.lru_cache(maxsize=20)(func)
+        self.assertIs(inspect.unwrap(wrapper), func)
+
+    def test_unwrap_several(self):
+        def func(a, b):
+            return a + b
+        wrapper = func
+        for __ in range(10):
+            @functools.wraps(wrapper)
+            def wrapper():
+                pass
+        self.assertIsNot(wrapper.__wrapped__, func)
+        self.assertIs(inspect.unwrap(wrapper), func)
+
+    def test_stop(self):
+        def func1(a, b):
+            return a + b
+        @functools.wraps(func1)
+        def func2():
+            pass
+        @functools.wraps(func2)
+        def wrapper():
+            pass
+        func2.stop_here = 1
+        unwrapped = inspect.unwrap(wrapper,
+                                   stop=(lambda f: hasattr(f, "stop_here")))
+        self.assertIs(unwrapped, func2)
+
+    def test_cycle(self):
+        def func1(): pass
+        func1.__wrapped__ = func1
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'wrapper loop'):
+            inspect.unwrap(func1)
+
+        def func2(): pass
+        func2.__wrapped__ = func1
+        func1.__wrapped__ = func2
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'wrapper loop'):
+            inspect.unwrap(func1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'wrapper loop'):
+            inspect.unwrap(func2)
+
+    def test_unhashable(self):
+        def func(): pass
+        func.__wrapped__ = None
+        class C:
+            __hash__ = None
+            __wrapped__ = func
+        self.assertIsNone(inspect.unwrap(C()))
+
+class TestMain(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_only_source(self):
+        module = importlib.import_module('unittest')
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'inspect',
+                                        'unittest')
+        lines = out.decode().splitlines()
+        # ignore the final newline
+        self.assertEqual(lines[:-1], inspect.getsource(module).splitlines())
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(ThreadPoolExecutor is None,
+            'threads required to test __qualname__ for source files')
+    def test_qualname_source(self):
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'inspect',
+                                     'concurrent.futures:ThreadPoolExecutor')
+        lines = out.decode().splitlines()
+        # ignore the final newline
+        self.assertEqual(lines[:-1],
+                         inspect.getsource(ThreadPoolExecutor).splitlines())
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+
+    def test_builtins(self):
+        module = importlib.import_module('unittest')
+        _, out, err = assert_python_failure('-m', 'inspect',
+                                            'sys')
+        lines = err.decode().splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(lines, ["Can't get info for builtin modules."])
+
+    def test_details(self):
+        module = importlib.import_module('unittest')
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-m', 'inspect',
+                                        'unittest', '--details')
+        output = out.decode()
+        # Just a quick sanity check on the output
+        self.assertIn(module.__name__, output)
+        self.assertIn(module.__file__, output)
+        if not sys.flags.optimize:
+            self.assertIn(module.__cached__, output)
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+
+
+
+
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(
         TestDecorators, TestRetrievingSourceCode, TestOneliners, TestBuggyCases,
@@ -2308,7 +3010,8 @@ def test_main():
         TestGetcallargsFunctions, TestGetcallargsMethods,
         TestGetcallargsUnboundMethods, TestGetattrStatic, TestGetGeneratorState,
         TestNoEOL, TestSignatureObject, TestSignatureBind, TestParameterObject,
-        TestBoundArguments, TestGetClosureVars
+        TestBoundArguments, TestSignaturePrivateHelpers, TestGetClosureVars,
+        TestUnwrap, TestMain
     )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_int.py b/Lib/test/test_int.py
index c489510537..e94602e88d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_int.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_int.py
@@ -228,6 +228,47 @@ class IntTestCases(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, base=10)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, base=0)
 
+    def test_int_base_limits(self):
+        """Testing the supported limits of the int() base parameter."""
+        self.assertEqual(int('0', 5), 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            int('0', 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            int('0', 37)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            int('0', -909)  # An old magic value base from Python 2.
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            int('0', base=0-(2**234))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            int('0', base=2**234)
+        # Bases 2 through 36 are supported.
+        for base in range(2,37):
+            self.assertEqual(int('0', base=base), 0)
+
+    def test_int_base_bad_types(self):
+        """Not integer types are not valid bases; issue16772."""
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            int('0', 5.5)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            int('0', 5.0)
+
+    def test_int_base_indexable(self):
+        class MyIndexable(object):
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+            def __index__(self):
+                return self.value
+
+        # Check out of range bases.
+        for base in 2**100, -2**100, 1, 37:
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                int('43', base)
+
+        # Check in-range bases.
+        self.assertEqual(int('101', base=MyIndexable(2)), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(int('101', base=MyIndexable(10)), 101)
+        self.assertEqual(int('101', base=MyIndexable(36)), 1 + 36**2)
+
     def test_non_numeric_input_types(self):
         # Test possible non-numeric types for the argument x, including
         # subclasses of the explicitly documented accepted types.
@@ -359,15 +400,18 @@ class IntTestCases(unittest.TestCase):
                 return True
 
         bad_int = BadInt()
-        n = int(bad_int)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            n = int(bad_int)
         self.assertEqual(n, 1)
 
         bad_int = BadInt2()
-        n = int(bad_int)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            n = int(bad_int)
         self.assertEqual(n, 1)
 
         bad_int = TruncReturnsBadInt()
-        n = int(bad_int)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            n = int(bad_int)
         self.assertEqual(n, 1)
 
         good_int = TruncReturnsIntSubclass()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_io.py b/Lib/test/test_io.py
index ac6d478e32..267537fdeb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_io.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_io.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import weakref
 from collections import deque, UserList
 from itertools import cycle, count
 from test import support
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 
 import codecs
 import io  # C implementation of io
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ class CloseFailureIO(MockRawIO):
     def close(self):
         if not self.closed:
             self.closed = 1
-            raise IOError
+            raise OSError
 
 class CCloseFailureIO(CloseFailureIO, io.RawIOBase):
     pass
@@ -595,9 +596,9 @@ class IOTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_flush_error_on_close(self):
         f = self.open(support.TESTFN, "wb", buffering=0)
         def bad_flush():
-            raise IOError()
+            raise OSError()
         f.flush = bad_flush
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, f.close) # exception not swallowed
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, f.close) # exception not swallowed
         self.assertTrue(f.closed)
 
     def test_multi_close(self):
@@ -757,7 +758,7 @@ class CommonBufferedTests:
         if s:
             # The destructor *may* have printed an unraisable error, check it
             self.assertEqual(len(s.splitlines()), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(s.startswith("Exception IOError: "), s)
+            self.assertTrue(s.startswith("Exception OSError: "), s)
             self.assertTrue(s.endswith(" ignored"), s)
 
     def test_repr(self):
@@ -773,22 +774,22 @@ class CommonBufferedTests:
     def test_flush_error_on_close(self):
         raw = self.MockRawIO()
         def bad_flush():
-            raise IOError()
+            raise OSError()
         raw.flush = bad_flush
         b = self.tp(raw)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, b.close) # exception not swallowed
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, b.close) # exception not swallowed
         self.assertTrue(b.closed)
 
     def test_close_error_on_close(self):
         raw = self.MockRawIO()
         def bad_flush():
-            raise IOError('flush')
+            raise OSError('flush')
         def bad_close():
-            raise IOError('close')
+            raise OSError('close')
         raw.close = bad_close
         b = self.tp(raw)
         b.flush = bad_flush
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as err: # exception not swallowed
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as err: # exception not swallowed
             b.close()
         self.assertEqual(err.exception.args, ('close',))
         self.assertEqual(err.exception.__context__.args, ('flush',))
@@ -828,6 +829,14 @@ class SizeofTest:
         bufio = self.tp(rawio, buffer_size=bufsize2)
         self.assertEqual(sys.getsizeof(bufio), size + bufsize2)
 
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_buffer_freeing(self) :
+        bufsize = 4096
+        rawio = self.MockRawIO()
+        bufio = self.tp(rawio, buffer_size=bufsize)
+        size = sys.getsizeof(bufio) - bufsize
+        bufio.close()
+        self.assertEqual(sys.getsizeof(bufio), size)
 
 class BufferedReaderTest(unittest.TestCase, CommonBufferedTests):
     read_mode = "rb"
@@ -1012,8 +1021,8 @@ class BufferedReaderTest(unittest.TestCase, CommonBufferedTests):
     def test_misbehaved_io(self):
         rawio = self.MisbehavedRawIO((b"abc", b"d", b"efg"))
         bufio = self.tp(rawio)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, bufio.seek, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, bufio.tell)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, bufio.seek, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, bufio.tell)
 
     def test_no_extraneous_read(self):
         # Issue #9550; when the raw IO object has satisfied the read request,
@@ -1064,17 +1073,18 @@ class CBufferedReaderTest(BufferedReaderTest, SizeofTest):
         bufio = self.tp(rawio)
         # _pyio.BufferedReader seems to implement reading different, so that
         # checking this is not so easy.
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, bufio.read, 10)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, bufio.read, 10)
 
     def test_garbage_collection(self):
         # C BufferedReader objects are collected.
         # The Python version has __del__, so it ends into gc.garbage instead
-        rawio = self.FileIO(support.TESTFN, "w+b")
-        f = self.tp(rawio)
-        f.f = f
-        wr = weakref.ref(f)
-        del f
-        support.gc_collect()
+        with support.check_warnings(('', ResourceWarning)):
+            rawio = self.FileIO(support.TESTFN, "w+b")
+            f = self.tp(rawio)
+            f.f = f
+            wr = weakref.ref(f)
+            del f
+            support.gc_collect()
         self.assertTrue(wr() is None, wr)
 
     def test_args_error(self):
@@ -1327,9 +1337,9 @@ class BufferedWriterTest(unittest.TestCase, CommonBufferedTests):
     def test_misbehaved_io(self):
         rawio = self.MisbehavedRawIO()
         bufio = self.tp(rawio, 5)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, bufio.seek, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, bufio.tell)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, bufio.write, b"abcdef")
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, bufio.seek, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, bufio.tell)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, bufio.write, b"abcdef")
 
     def test_max_buffer_size_removal(self):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@@ -1338,11 +1348,11 @@ class BufferedWriterTest(unittest.TestCase, CommonBufferedTests):
     def test_write_error_on_close(self):
         raw = self.MockRawIO()
         def bad_write(b):
-            raise IOError()
+            raise OSError()
         raw.write = bad_write
         b = self.tp(raw)
         b.write(b'spam')
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, b.close) # exception not swallowed
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, b.close) # exception not swallowed
         self.assertTrue(b.closed)
 
 
@@ -1373,13 +1383,14 @@ class CBufferedWriterTest(BufferedWriterTest, SizeofTest):
         # C BufferedWriter objects are collected, and collecting them flushes
         # all data to disk.
         # The Python version has __del__, so it ends into gc.garbage instead
-        rawio = self.FileIO(support.TESTFN, "w+b")
-        f = self.tp(rawio)
-        f.write(b"123xxx")
-        f.x = f
-        wr = weakref.ref(f)
-        del f
-        support.gc_collect()
+        with support.check_warnings(('', ResourceWarning)):
+            rawio = self.FileIO(support.TESTFN, "w+b")
+            f = self.tp(rawio)
+            f.write(b"123xxx")
+            f.x = f
+            wr = weakref.ref(f)
+            del f
+            support.gc_collect()
         self.assertTrue(wr() is None, wr)
         with self.open(support.TESTFN, "rb") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), b"123xxx")
@@ -1426,14 +1437,14 @@ class BufferedRWPairTest(unittest.TestCase):
             def readable(self):
                 return False
 
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, self.tp, NotReadable(), self.MockRawIO())
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.tp, NotReadable(), self.MockRawIO())
 
     def test_constructor_with_not_writeable(self):
         class NotWriteable(MockRawIO):
             def writable(self):
                 return False
 
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, self.tp, self.MockRawIO(), NotWriteable())
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.tp, self.MockRawIO(), NotWriteable())
 
     def test_read(self):
         pair = self.tp(self.BytesIO(b"abcdef"), self.MockRawIO())
@@ -1955,6 +1966,15 @@ class TextIOWrapperTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.__init__, b, newline=42)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.__init__, b, newline='xyzzy')
 
+    def test_non_text_encoding_codecs_are_rejected(self):
+        # Ensure the constructor complains if passed a codec that isn't
+        # marked as a text encoding
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue20404
+        r = self.BytesIO()
+        b = self.BufferedWriter(r)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(LookupError, "is not a text encoding"):
+            self.TextIOWrapper(b, encoding="hex")
+
     def test_detach(self):
         r = self.BytesIO()
         b = self.BufferedWriter(r)
@@ -2200,7 +2220,7 @@ class TextIOWrapperTest(unittest.TestCase):
         if s:
             # The destructor *may* have printed an unraisable error, check it
             self.assertEqual(len(s.splitlines()), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(s.startswith("Exception IOError: "), s)
+            self.assertTrue(s.startswith("Exception OSError: "), s)
             self.assertTrue(s.endswith(" ignored"), s)
 
     # Systematic tests of the text I/O API
@@ -2272,7 +2292,7 @@ class TextIOWrapperTest(unittest.TestCase):
         f.seek(0)
         for line in f:
             self.assertEqual(line, "\xff\n")
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, f.tell)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, f.tell)
         self.assertEqual(f.tell(), p2)
         f.close()
 
@@ -2376,7 +2396,7 @@ class TextIOWrapperTest(unittest.TestCase):
             def readable(self):
                 return False
         txt = self.TextIOWrapper(UnReadable())
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, txt.read)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, txt.read)
 
     def test_read_one_by_one(self):
         txt = self.TextIOWrapper(self.BytesIO(b"AA\r\nBB"))
@@ -2551,9 +2571,9 @@ class TextIOWrapperTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_flush_error_on_close(self):
         txt = self.TextIOWrapper(self.BytesIO(self.testdata), encoding="ascii")
         def bad_flush():
-            raise IOError()
+            raise OSError()
         txt.flush = bad_flush
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, txt.close) # exception not swallowed
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, txt.close) # exception not swallowed
         self.assertTrue(txt.closed)
 
     def test_multi_close(self):
@@ -2607,19 +2627,64 @@ class TextIOWrapperTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_illegal_decoder(self):
         # Issue #17106
+        # Bypass the early encoding check added in issue 20404
+        def _make_illegal_wrapper():
+            quopri = codecs.lookup("quopri")
+            quopri._is_text_encoding = True
+            try:
+                t = self.TextIOWrapper(self.BytesIO(b'aaaaaa'),
+                                       newline='\n', encoding="quopri")
+            finally:
+                quopri._is_text_encoding = False
+            return t
         # Crash when decoder returns non-string
-        t = self.TextIOWrapper(self.BytesIO(b'aaaaaa'), newline='\n',
-                               encoding='quopri_codec')
+        t = _make_illegal_wrapper()
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.read, 1)
-        t = self.TextIOWrapper(self.BytesIO(b'aaaaaa'), newline='\n',
-                               encoding='quopri_codec')
+        t = _make_illegal_wrapper()
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.readline)
-        t = self.TextIOWrapper(self.BytesIO(b'aaaaaa'), newline='\n',
-                               encoding='quopri_codec')
+        t = _make_illegal_wrapper()
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.read)
 
+    def _check_create_at_shutdown(self, **kwargs):
+        # Issue #20037: creating a TextIOWrapper at shutdown
+        # shouldn't crash the interpreter.
+        iomod = self.io.__name__
+        code = """if 1:
+            import codecs
+            import {iomod} as io
+
+            # Avoid looking up codecs at shutdown
+            codecs.lookup('utf-8')
+
+            class C:
+                def __init__(self):
+                    self.buf = io.BytesIO()
+                def __del__(self):
+                    io.TextIOWrapper(self.buf, **{kwargs})
+                    print("ok")
+            c = C()
+            """.format(iomod=iomod, kwargs=kwargs)
+        return assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+
+    def test_create_at_shutdown_without_encoding(self):
+        rc, out, err = self._check_create_at_shutdown()
+        if err:
+            # Can error out with a RuntimeError if the module state
+            # isn't found.
+            self.assertIn(self.shutdown_error, err.decode())
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual("ok", out.decode().strip())
+
+    def test_create_at_shutdown_with_encoding(self):
+        rc, out, err = self._check_create_at_shutdown(encoding='utf-8',
+                                                      errors='strict')
+        self.assertFalse(err)
+        self.assertEqual("ok", out.decode().strip())
+
 
 class CTextIOWrapperTest(TextIOWrapperTest):
+    io = io
+    shutdown_error = "RuntimeError: could not find io module state"
 
     def test_initialization(self):
         r = self.BytesIO(b"\xc3\xa9\n\n")
@@ -2634,14 +2699,15 @@ class CTextIOWrapperTest(TextIOWrapperTest):
         # C TextIOWrapper objects are collected, and collecting them flushes
         # all data to disk.
         # The Python version has __del__, so it ends in gc.garbage instead.
-        rawio = io.FileIO(support.TESTFN, "wb")
-        b = self.BufferedWriter(rawio)
-        t = self.TextIOWrapper(b, encoding="ascii")
-        t.write("456def")
-        t.x = t
-        wr = weakref.ref(t)
-        del t
-        support.gc_collect()
+        with support.check_warnings(('', ResourceWarning)):
+            rawio = io.FileIO(support.TESTFN, "wb")
+            b = self.BufferedWriter(rawio)
+            t = self.TextIOWrapper(b, encoding="ascii")
+            t.write("456def")
+            t.x = t
+            wr = weakref.ref(t)
+            del t
+            support.gc_collect()
         self.assertTrue(wr() is None, wr)
         with self.open(support.TESTFN, "rb") as f:
             self.assertEqual(f.read(), b"456def")
@@ -2662,7 +2728,9 @@ class CTextIOWrapperTest(TextIOWrapperTest):
 
 
 class PyTextIOWrapperTest(TextIOWrapperTest):
-    pass
+    io = pyio
+    #shutdown_error = "LookupError: unknown encoding: ascii"
+    shutdown_error = "TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable"
 
 
 class IncrementalNewlineDecoderTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -2801,7 +2869,8 @@ class MiscIOTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(f.mode, "wb")
         f.close()
 
-        f = self.open(support.TESTFN, "U")
+        with support.check_warnings(('', DeprecationWarning)):
+            f = self.open(support.TESTFN, "U")
         self.assertEqual(f.name,            support.TESTFN)
         self.assertEqual(f.buffer.name,     support.TESTFN)
         self.assertEqual(f.buffer.raw.name, support.TESTFN)
@@ -2931,7 +3000,7 @@ class MiscIOTest(unittest.TestCase):
             for fd in fds:
                 try:
                     os.close(fd)
-                except EnvironmentError as e:
+                except OSError as e:
                     if e.errno != errno.EBADF:
                         raise
         self.addCleanup(cleanup_fds)
@@ -3097,15 +3166,18 @@ class SignalsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             wio = self.io.open(w, **fdopen_kwargs)
             t.start()
-            signal.alarm(1)
             # Fill the pipe enough that the write will be blocking.
             # It will be interrupted by the timer armed above.  Since the
             # other thread has read one byte, the low-level write will
             # return with a successful (partial) result rather than an EINTR.
             # The buffered IO layer must check for pending signal
             # handlers, which in this case will invoke alarm_interrupt().
-            self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError,
-                        wio.write, item * (support.PIPE_MAX_SIZE // len(item) + 1))
+            signal.alarm(1)
+            try:
+                self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError,
+                            wio.write, item * (support.PIPE_MAX_SIZE // len(item) + 1))
+            finally:
+                signal.alarm(0)
             t.join()
             # We got one byte, get another one and check that it isn't a
             # repeat of the first one.
@@ -3119,7 +3191,7 @@ class SignalsTest(unittest.TestCase):
             # buffer, and block again.
             try:
                 wio.close()
-            except IOError as e:
+            except OSError as e:
                 if e.errno != errno.EBADF:
                     raise
 
@@ -3247,7 +3319,7 @@ class SignalsTest(unittest.TestCase):
             # buffer, and could block (in case of failure).
             try:
                 wio.close()
-            except IOError as e:
+            except OSError as e:
                 if e.errno != errno.EBADF:
                     raise
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ioctl.py b/Lib/test/test_ioctl.py
index 531c9afbb5..efe9f516cc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ioctl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ioctl.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ get_attribute(termios, 'TIOCGPGRP') #Can't run tests without this feature
 
 try:
     tty = open("/dev/tty", "rb")
-except IOError:
+except OSError:
     raise unittest.SkipTest("Unable to open /dev/tty")
 else:
     # Skip if another process is in foreground
@@ -86,8 +86,6 @@ class IoctlTests(unittest.TestCase):
             os.close(mfd)
             os.close(sfd)
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(IoctlTests)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py b/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
index 5bfcf41429..f2947b9c8a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
@@ -1358,6 +1358,14 @@ class IpaddrUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(True, ipaddress.ip_network(
                 '127.42.0.0/16').is_loopback)
         self.assertEqual(False, ipaddress.ip_network('128.0.0.0').is_loopback)
+        self.assertEqual(False,
+                         ipaddress.ip_network('100.64.0.0/10').is_private)
+        self.assertEqual(False, ipaddress.ip_network('100.64.0.0/10').is_global)
+
+        self.assertEqual(True,
+                         ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.128/25').is_private)
+        self.assertEqual(True,
+                         ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.3.0/24').is_global)
 
         # test addresses
         self.assertEqual(True, ipaddress.ip_address('0.0.0.0').is_unspecified)
@@ -1423,6 +1431,10 @@ class IpaddrUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(False, ipaddress.ip_network('::1').is_unspecified)
         self.assertEqual(False, ipaddress.ip_network('::/127').is_unspecified)
 
+        self.assertEqual(True,
+                         ipaddress.ip_network('2001::1/128').is_private)
+        self.assertEqual(True,
+                         ipaddress.ip_network('200::1/128').is_global)
         # test addresses
         self.assertEqual(True, ipaddress.ip_address('ffff::').is_multicast)
         self.assertEqual(True, ipaddress.ip_address(2**128 - 1).is_multicast)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_iterlen.py b/Lib/test/test_iterlen.py
index 9101f6c884..152f5fc0cb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_iterlen.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_iterlen.py
@@ -45,31 +45,21 @@ import unittest
 from test import support
 from itertools import repeat
 from collections import deque
-from builtins import len as _len
+from operator import length_hint
 
 n = 10
 
-def len(obj):
-    try:
-        return _len(obj)
-    except TypeError:
-        try:
-            # note: this is an internal undocumented API,
-            # don't rely on it in your own programs
-            return obj.__length_hint__()
-        except AttributeError:
-            raise TypeError
 
 class TestInvariantWithoutMutations:
 
     def test_invariant(self):
         it = self.it
         for i in reversed(range(1, n+1)):
-            self.assertEqual(len(it), i)
+            self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), i)
             next(it)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), 0)
         self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), 0)
 
 class TestTemporarilyImmutable(TestInvariantWithoutMutations):
 
@@ -78,12 +68,12 @@ class TestTemporarilyImmutable(TestInvariantWithoutMutations):
         # length immutability  during iteration
 
         it = self.it
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), n)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), n)
         next(it)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), n-1)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), n-1)
         self.mutate()
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, next, it)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), 0)
 
 ## ------- Concrete Type Tests -------
 
@@ -92,10 +82,6 @@ class TestRepeat(TestInvariantWithoutMutations, unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.it = repeat(None, n)
 
-    def test_no_len_for_infinite_repeat(self):
-        # The repeat() object can also be infinite
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, repeat(None))
-
 class TestXrange(TestInvariantWithoutMutations, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -167,14 +153,15 @@ class TestList(TestInvariantWithoutMutations, unittest.TestCase):
         it = iter(d)
         next(it)
         next(it)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), n-2)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), n - 2)
         d.append(n)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), n-1)  # grow with append
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), n - 1)  # grow with append
         d[1:] = []
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), 0)
         self.assertEqual(list(it), [])
         d.extend(range(20))
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), 0)
+
 
 class TestListReversed(TestInvariantWithoutMutations, unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -186,32 +173,41 @@ class TestListReversed(TestInvariantWithoutMutations, unittest.TestCase):
         it = reversed(d)
         next(it)
         next(it)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), n-2)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), n - 2)
         d.append(n)
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), n-2)  # ignore append
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), n - 2)  # ignore append
         d[1:] = []
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), 0)
         self.assertEqual(list(it), [])  # confirm invariant
         d.extend(range(20))
-        self.assertEqual(len(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(length_hint(it), 0)
 
 ## -- Check to make sure exceptions are not suppressed by __length_hint__()
 
 
 class BadLen(object):
-    def __iter__(self): return iter(range(10))
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(range(10))
+
     def __len__(self):
         raise RuntimeError('hello')
 
+
 class BadLengthHint(object):
-    def __iter__(self): return iter(range(10))
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(range(10))
+
     def __length_hint__(self):
         raise RuntimeError('hello')
 
+
 class NoneLengthHint(object):
-    def __iter__(self): return iter(range(10))
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(range(10))
+
     def __length_hint__(self):
-        return None
+        return NotImplemented
+
 
 class TestLengthHintExceptions(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_itertools.py b/Lib/test/test_itertools.py
index 514a6b7a20..21f1bdeb82 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_itertools.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_itertools.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import random
 import copy
 import pickle
 from functools import reduce
+import sys
+import struct
 maxsize = support.MAX_Py_ssize_t
 minsize = -maxsize-1
 
@@ -1729,9 +1731,8 @@ class TestVariousIteratorArgs(unittest.TestCase):
 class LengthTransparency(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_repeat(self):
-        from test.test_iterlen import len
-        self.assertEqual(len(repeat(None, 50)), 50)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, repeat(None))
+        self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(repeat(None, 50)), 50)
+        self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(repeat(None), 12), 12)
 
 class RegressionTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -1808,6 +1809,44 @@ class SubclassWithKwargsTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 # we expect type errors because of wrong argument count
                 self.assertNotIn("does not take keyword arguments", err.args[0])
 
+@support.cpython_only
+class SizeofTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.ssize_t = struct.calcsize('n')
+
+    check_sizeof = support.check_sizeof
+
+    def test_product_sizeof(self):
+        basesize = support.calcobjsize('3Pi')
+        check = self.check_sizeof
+        check(product('ab', '12'), basesize + 2 * self.ssize_t)
+        check(product(*(('abc',) * 10)), basesize + 10 * self.ssize_t)
+
+    def test_combinations_sizeof(self):
+        basesize = support.calcobjsize('3Pni')
+        check = self.check_sizeof
+        check(combinations('abcd', 3), basesize + 3 * self.ssize_t)
+        check(combinations(range(10), 4), basesize + 4 * self.ssize_t)
+
+    def test_combinations_with_replacement_sizeof(self):
+        cwr = combinations_with_replacement
+        basesize = support.calcobjsize('3Pni')
+        check = self.check_sizeof
+        check(cwr('abcd', 3), basesize + 3 * self.ssize_t)
+        check(cwr(range(10), 4), basesize + 4 * self.ssize_t)
+
+    def test_permutations_sizeof(self):
+        basesize = support.calcobjsize('4Pni')
+        check = self.check_sizeof
+        check(permutations('abcd'),
+              basesize + 4 * self.ssize_t + 4 * self.ssize_t)
+        check(permutations('abcd', 3),
+              basesize + 4 * self.ssize_t + 3 * self.ssize_t)
+        check(permutations('abcde', 3),
+              basesize + 5 * self.ssize_t + 3 * self.ssize_t)
+        check(permutations(range(10), 4),
+              basesize + 10 * self.ssize_t + 4 * self.ssize_t)
+
 
 libreftest = """ Doctest for examples in the library reference: libitertools.tex
 
@@ -2043,7 +2082,8 @@ __test__ = {'libreftest' : libreftest}
 def test_main(verbose=None):
     test_classes = (TestBasicOps, TestVariousIteratorArgs, TestGC,
                     RegressionTests, LengthTransparency,
-                    SubclassWithKwargsTest, TestExamples)
+                    SubclassWithKwargsTest, TestExamples,
+                    SizeofTest)
     support.run_unittest(*test_classes)
 
     # verify reference counting
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py
index d23e285909..35c02de88c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_decode.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import decimal
-from io import StringIO
+from io import StringIO, BytesIO
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from test.test_json import PyTest, CTest
 
@@ -70,5 +70,26 @@ class TestDecode:
         msg = 'escape'
         self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg, self.loads, s)
 
+    def test_invalid_input_type(self):
+        msg = 'the JSON object must be str'
+        for value in [1, 3.14, b'bytes', b'\xff\x00', [], {}, None]:
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg, self.loads, value)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
+            self.json.load(BytesIO(b'[1,2,3]'))
+
+    def test_string_with_utf8_bom(self):
+        # see #18958
+        bom_json = "[1,2,3]".encode('utf-8-sig').decode('utf-8')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+            self.loads(bom_json)
+        self.assertIn('BOM', str(cm.exception))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+            self.json.load(StringIO(bom_json))
+        self.assertIn('BOM', str(cm.exception))
+        # make sure that the BOM is not detected in the middle of a string
+        bom_in_str = '"{}"'.format(''.encode('utf-8-sig').decode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(bom_in_str), '\ufeff')
+        self.assertEqual(self.json.load(StringIO(bom_in_str)), '\ufeff')
+
 class TestPyDecode(TestDecode, PyTest): pass
 class TestCDecode(TestDecode, CTest): pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_enum.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_enum.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10f414898b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_enum.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+from math import isnan
+from test.test_json import PyTest, CTest
+
+SMALL = 1
+BIG = 1<<32
+HUGE = 1<<64
+REALLY_HUGE = 1<<96
+
+class BigNum(IntEnum):
+    small = SMALL
+    big = BIG
+    huge = HUGE
+    really_huge = REALLY_HUGE
+
+E = 2.718281
+PI = 3.141593
+TAU = 2 * PI
+
+class FloatNum(float, Enum):
+    e = E
+    pi = PI
+    tau = TAU
+
+INF = float('inf')
+NEG_INF = float('-inf')
+NAN = float('nan')
+
+class WierdNum(float, Enum):
+    inf = INF
+    neg_inf = NEG_INF
+    nan = NAN
+
+class TestEnum:
+
+    def test_floats(self):
+        for enum in FloatNum:
+            self.assertEqual(self.dumps(enum), repr(enum.value))
+            self.assertEqual(float(self.dumps(enum)), enum)
+            self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(enum)), enum)
+
+    def test_weird_floats(self):
+        for enum, expected in zip(WierdNum, ('Infinity', '-Infinity', 'NaN')):
+            self.assertEqual(self.dumps(enum), expected)
+            if not isnan(enum):
+                self.assertEqual(float(self.dumps(enum)), enum)
+                self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(enum)), enum)
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue(isnan(float(self.dumps(enum))))
+                self.assertTrue(isnan(self.loads(self.dumps(enum))))
+
+    def test_ints(self):
+        for enum in BigNum:
+            self.assertEqual(self.dumps(enum), str(enum.value))
+            self.assertEqual(int(self.dumps(enum)), enum)
+            self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(enum)), enum)
+
+    def test_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.dumps(list(BigNum)),
+                         str([SMALL, BIG, HUGE, REALLY_HUGE]))
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(list(BigNum))),
+                         list(BigNum))
+        self.assertEqual(self.dumps(list(FloatNum)),
+                         str([E, PI, TAU]))
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(list(FloatNum))),
+                         list(FloatNum))
+        self.assertEqual(self.dumps(list(WierdNum)),
+                        '[Infinity, -Infinity, NaN]')
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(list(WierdNum)))[:2],
+                         list(WierdNum)[:2])
+        self.assertTrue(isnan(self.loads(self.dumps(list(WierdNum)))[2]))
+
+    def test_dict_keys(self):
+        s, b, h, r = BigNum
+        e, p, t = FloatNum
+        i, j, n = WierdNum
+        d = {
+            s:'tiny', b:'large', h:'larger', r:'largest',
+            e:"Euler's number", p:'pi', t:'tau',
+            i:'Infinity', j:'-Infinity', n:'NaN',
+            }
+        nd = self.loads(self.dumps(d))
+        self.assertEqual(nd[str(SMALL)], 'tiny')
+        self.assertEqual(nd[str(BIG)], 'large')
+        self.assertEqual(nd[str(HUGE)], 'larger')
+        self.assertEqual(nd[str(REALLY_HUGE)], 'largest')
+        self.assertEqual(nd[repr(E)], "Euler's number")
+        self.assertEqual(nd[repr(PI)], 'pi')
+        self.assertEqual(nd[repr(TAU)], 'tau')
+        self.assertEqual(nd['Infinity'], 'Infinity')
+        self.assertEqual(nd['-Infinity'], '-Infinity')
+        self.assertEqual(nd['NaN'], 'NaN')
+
+    def test_dict_values(self):
+        d = dict(
+                tiny=BigNum.small,
+                large=BigNum.big,
+                larger=BigNum.huge,
+                largest=BigNum.really_huge,
+                e=FloatNum.e,
+                pi=FloatNum.pi,
+                tau=FloatNum.tau,
+                i=WierdNum.inf,
+                j=WierdNum.neg_inf,
+                n=WierdNum.nan,
+                )
+        nd = self.loads(self.dumps(d))
+        self.assertEqual(nd['tiny'], SMALL)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['large'], BIG)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['larger'], HUGE)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['largest'], REALLY_HUGE)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['e'], E)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['pi'], PI)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['tau'], TAU)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['i'], INF)
+        self.assertEqual(nd['j'], NEG_INF)
+        self.assertTrue(isnan(nd['n']))
+
+class TestPyEnum(TestEnum, PyTest): pass
+class TestCEnum(TestEnum, CTest): pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py
index 3dd877afdb..7caafdbddd 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_fail.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from test.test_json import PyTest, CTest
+import re
 
 # 2007-10-05
 JSONDOCS = [
@@ -100,6 +101,94 @@ class TestFail:
         #This is for python encoder
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.dumps, data, indent=True)
 
+    def test_truncated_input(self):
+        test_cases = [
+            ('', 'Expecting value', 0),
+            ('[', 'Expecting value', 1),
+            ('[42', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 3),
+            ('[42,', 'Expecting value', 4),
+            ('["', 'Unterminated string starting at', 1),
+            ('["spam', 'Unterminated string starting at', 1),
+            ('["spam"', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 7),
+            ('["spam",', 'Expecting value', 8),
+            ('{', 'Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes', 1),
+            ('{"', 'Unterminated string starting at', 1),
+            ('{"spam', 'Unterminated string starting at', 1),
+            ('{"spam"', "Expecting ':' delimiter", 7),
+            ('{"spam":', 'Expecting value', 8),
+            ('{"spam":42', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 10),
+            ('{"spam":42,', 'Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes', 11),
+        ]
+        test_cases += [
+            ('"', 'Unterminated string starting at', 0),
+            ('"spam', 'Unterminated string starting at', 0),
+        ]
+        for data, msg, idx in test_cases:
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                r'^{0}: line 1 column {1} \(char {2}\)'.format(
+                    re.escape(msg), idx + 1, idx),
+                self.loads, data)
+
+    def test_unexpected_data(self):
+        test_cases = [
+            ('[,', 'Expecting value', 1),
+            ('{"spam":[}', 'Expecting value', 9),
+            ('[42:', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 3),
+            ('[42 "spam"', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 4),
+            ('[42,]', 'Expecting value', 4),
+            ('{"spam":[42}', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 11),
+            ('["]', 'Unterminated string starting at', 1),
+            ('["spam":', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 7),
+            ('["spam",]', 'Expecting value', 8),
+            ('{:', 'Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes', 1),
+            ('{,', 'Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes', 1),
+            ('{42', 'Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes', 1),
+            ('[{]', 'Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes', 2),
+            ('{"spam",', "Expecting ':' delimiter", 7),
+            ('{"spam"}', "Expecting ':' delimiter", 7),
+            ('[{"spam"]', "Expecting ':' delimiter", 8),
+            ('{"spam":}', 'Expecting value', 8),
+            ('[{"spam":]', 'Expecting value', 9),
+            ('{"spam":42 "ham"', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 11),
+            ('[{"spam":42]', "Expecting ',' delimiter", 11),
+            ('{"spam":42,}', 'Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes', 11),
+        ]
+        for data, msg, idx in test_cases:
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                r'^{0}: line 1 column {1} \(char {2}\)'.format(
+                    re.escape(msg), idx + 1, idx),
+                self.loads, data)
+
+    def test_extra_data(self):
+        test_cases = [
+            ('[]]', 'Extra data', 2),
+            ('{}}', 'Extra data', 2),
+            ('[],[]', 'Extra data', 2),
+            ('{},{}', 'Extra data', 2),
+        ]
+        test_cases += [
+            ('42,"spam"', 'Extra data', 2),
+            ('"spam",42', 'Extra data', 6),
+        ]
+        for data, msg, idx in test_cases:
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                r'^{0}: line 1 column {1} - line 1 column {2}'
+                r' \(char {3} - {4}\)'.format(
+                    re.escape(msg), idx + 1, len(data) + 1, idx, len(data)),
+                self.loads, data)
+
+    def test_linecol(self):
+        test_cases = [
+            ('!', 1, 1, 0),
+            (' !', 1, 2, 1),
+            ('\n!', 2, 1, 1),
+            ('\n  \n\n     !', 4, 6, 10),
+        ]
+        for data, line, col, idx in test_cases:
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                r'^Expecting value: line {0} column {1}'
+                r' \(char {2}\)$'.format(line, col, idx),
+                self.loads, data)
 
 class TestPyFail(TestFail, PyTest): pass
 class TestCFail(TestFail, CTest): pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_json/test_indent.py b/Lib/test/test_json/test_indent.py
index a4d4d20142..e07856f33c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_json/test_indent.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_json/test_indent.py
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ class TestIndent:
         d1 = self.dumps(h)
         d2 = self.dumps(h, indent=2, sort_keys=True, separators=(',', ': '))
         d3 = self.dumps(h, indent='\t', sort_keys=True, separators=(',', ': '))
+        d4 = self.dumps(h, indent=2, sort_keys=True)
+        d5 = self.dumps(h, indent='\t', sort_keys=True)
 
         h1 = self.loads(d1)
         h2 = self.loads(d2)
@@ -42,6 +44,8 @@ class TestIndent:
         self.assertEqual(h3, h)
         self.assertEqual(d2, expect.expandtabs(2))
         self.assertEqual(d3, expect)
+        self.assertEqual(d4, d2)
+        self.assertEqual(d5, d3)
 
     def test_indent0(self):
         h = {3: 1}
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_keyword.py b/Lib/test/test_keyword.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af99f52c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_keyword.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import keyword
+import unittest
+from test import support
+import filecmp
+import os
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import shutil
+import textwrap
+
+KEYWORD_FILE             = support.findfile('keyword.py')
+GRAMMAR_FILE             = os.path.join(os.path.split(__file__)[0],
+                                        '..', '..', 'Python', 'graminit.c')
+TEST_PY_FILE             = 'keyword_test.py'
+GRAMMAR_TEST_FILE        = 'graminit_test.c'
+PY_FILE_WITHOUT_KEYWORDS = 'minimal_keyword.py'
+NONEXISTENT_FILE         = 'not_here.txt'
+
+
+class Test_iskeyword(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_true_is_a_keyword(self):
+        self.assertTrue(keyword.iskeyword('True'))
+
+    def test_uppercase_true_is_not_a_keyword(self):
+        self.assertFalse(keyword.iskeyword('TRUE'))
+
+    def test_none_value_is_not_a_keyword(self):
+        self.assertFalse(keyword.iskeyword(None))
+
+    # This is probably an accident of the current implementation, but should be
+    # preserved for backward compatibility.
+    def test_changing_the_kwlist_does_not_affect_iskeyword(self):
+        oldlist = keyword.kwlist
+        self.addCleanup(setattr, keyword, 'kwlist', oldlist)
+        keyword.kwlist = ['its', 'all', 'eggs', 'beans', 'and', 'a', 'slice']
+        self.assertFalse(keyword.iskeyword('eggs'))
+
+
+class TestKeywordGeneration(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def _copy_file_without_generated_keywords(self, source_file, dest_file):
+        with open(source_file, 'rb') as fp:
+            lines = fp.readlines()
+        nl = lines[0][len(lines[0].strip()):]
+        with open(dest_file, 'wb') as fp:
+            fp.writelines(lines[:lines.index(b"#--start keywords--" + nl) + 1])
+            fp.writelines(lines[lines.index(b"#--end keywords--" + nl):])
+
+    def _generate_keywords(self, grammar_file, target_keyword_py_file):
+        proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable,
+                                 KEYWORD_FILE,
+                                 grammar_file,
+                                 target_keyword_py_file], stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        stderr = proc.communicate()[1]
+        return proc.returncode, stderr
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(not os.path.exists(GRAMMAR_FILE),
+                     'test only works from source build directory')
+    def test_real_grammar_and_keyword_file(self):
+        self._copy_file_without_generated_keywords(KEYWORD_FILE, TEST_PY_FILE)
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, TEST_PY_FILE)
+        self.assertFalse(filecmp.cmp(KEYWORD_FILE, TEST_PY_FILE))
+        self.assertEqual((0, b''), self._generate_keywords(GRAMMAR_FILE,
+                                                           TEST_PY_FILE))
+        self.assertTrue(filecmp.cmp(KEYWORD_FILE, TEST_PY_FILE))
+
+    def test_grammar(self):
+        self._copy_file_without_generated_keywords(KEYWORD_FILE, TEST_PY_FILE)
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, TEST_PY_FILE)
+        with open(GRAMMAR_TEST_FILE, 'w') as fp:
+            # Some of these are probably implementation accidents.
+            fp.writelines(textwrap.dedent("""\
+                {2, 1},
+                    {11, "encoding_decl", 0, 2, states_79,
+                     "\000\000\040\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000"
+                     "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000"},
+                    {1, "jello"},
+                    {326, 0},
+                    {1, "turnip"},
+                \t{1, "This one is tab indented"
+                    {278, 0},
+                    {1, "crazy but legal"
+                "also legal" {1, "
+                    {1, "continue"},
+                   {1, "lemon"},
+                     {1, "tomato"},
+                {1, "wigii"},
+                    {1, 'no good'}
+                    {283, 0},
+                    {1,  "too many spaces"}"""))
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, GRAMMAR_TEST_FILE)
+        self._generate_keywords(GRAMMAR_TEST_FILE, TEST_PY_FILE)
+        expected = [
+            "        'This one is tab indented',",
+            "        'also legal',",
+            "        'continue',",
+            "        'crazy but legal',",
+            "        'jello',",
+            "        'lemon',",
+            "        'tomato',",
+            "        'turnip',",
+            "        'wigii',",
+            ]
+        with open(TEST_PY_FILE) as fp:
+            lines = fp.read().splitlines()
+        start = lines.index("#--start keywords--") + 1
+        end = lines.index("#--end keywords--")
+        actual = lines[start:end]
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_empty_grammar_results_in_no_keywords(self):
+        self._copy_file_without_generated_keywords(KEYWORD_FILE,
+                                                   PY_FILE_WITHOUT_KEYWORDS)
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, PY_FILE_WITHOUT_KEYWORDS)
+        shutil.copyfile(KEYWORD_FILE, TEST_PY_FILE)
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, TEST_PY_FILE)
+        self.assertEqual((0, b''), self._generate_keywords(os.devnull,
+                                                           TEST_PY_FILE))
+        self.assertTrue(filecmp.cmp(TEST_PY_FILE, PY_FILE_WITHOUT_KEYWORDS))
+
+    def test_keywords_py_without_markers_produces_error(self):
+        rc, stderr = self._generate_keywords(os.devnull, os.devnull)
+        self.assertNotEqual(rc, 0)
+        self.assertRegex(stderr, b'does not contain format markers')
+
+    def test_missing_grammar_file_produces_error(self):
+        rc, stderr = self._generate_keywords(NONEXISTENT_FILE, KEYWORD_FILE)
+        self.assertNotEqual(rc, 0)
+        self.assertRegex(stderr, b'(?ms)' + NONEXISTENT_FILE.encode())
+
+    def test_missing_keywords_py_file_produces_error(self):
+        rc, stderr = self._generate_keywords(os.devnull, NONEXISTENT_FILE)
+        self.assertNotEqual(rc, 0)
+        self.assertRegex(stderr, b'(?ms)' + NONEXISTENT_FILE.encode())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_keywordonlyarg.py b/Lib/test/test_keywordonlyarg.py
index 6c2ff00362..7f315d4cb4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_keywordonlyarg.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_keywordonlyarg.py
@@ -174,6 +174,18 @@ class KeywordOnlyArgTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 return __a
         self.assertEqual(X().f(), 42)
 
+    def test_default_evaluation_order(self):
+        # See issue 16967
+        a = 42
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as err:
+            def f(v=a, x=b, *, y=c, z=d):
+                pass
+        self.assertEqual(str(err.exception), "name 'b' is not defined")
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as err:
+            f = lambda v=a, x=b, *, y=c, z=d: None
+        self.assertEqual(str(err.exception), "name 'b' is not defined")
+
+
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(KeywordOnlyArgTestCase)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_kqueue.py b/Lib/test/test_kqueue.py
index e5e6058334..bafdeba6ff 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_kqueue.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_kqueue.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class TestKQueue(unittest.TestCase):
         client.setblocking(False)
         try:
             client.connect(('127.0.0.1', serverSocket.getsockname()[1]))
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             self.assertEqual(e.args[0], errno.EINPROGRESS)
         else:
             #raise AssertionError("Connect should have raised EINPROGRESS")
@@ -185,6 +185,33 @@ class TestKQueue(unittest.TestCase):
         b.close()
         kq.close()
 
+    def test_close(self):
+        open_file = open(__file__, "rb")
+        self.addCleanup(open_file.close)
+        fd = open_file.fileno()
+        kqueue = select.kqueue()
+
+        # test fileno() method and closed attribute
+        self.assertIsInstance(kqueue.fileno(), int)
+        self.assertFalse(kqueue.closed)
+
+        # test close()
+        kqueue.close()
+        self.assertTrue(kqueue.closed)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, kqueue.fileno)
+
+        # close() can be called more than once
+        kqueue.close()
+
+        # operations must fail with ValueError("I/O operation on closed ...")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, kqueue.control, None, 4)
+
+    def test_fd_non_inheritable(self):
+        kqueue = select.kqueue()
+        self.addCleanup(kqueue.close)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(kqueue.fileno()), False)
+
+
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(TestKQueue)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_largefile.py b/Lib/test/test_largefile.py
index 63ee697250..5b276e76ff 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_largefile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_largefile.py
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def setUpModule():
             # Seeking is not enough of a test: you must write and flush, too!
             f.write(b'x')
             f.flush()
-        except (IOError, OverflowError):
+        except (OSError, OverflowError):
             raise unittest.SkipTest("filesystem does not have "
                                     "largefile support")
         finally:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_locale.py b/Lib/test/test_locale.py
index 76347b7746..ab990ae63f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_locale.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_locale.py
@@ -371,7 +371,8 @@ class NormalizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_locale_alias(self):
         for localename, alias in locale.locale_alias.items():
-            self.check(localename, alias)
+            with self.subTest(locale=(localename, alias)):
+                self.check(localename, alias)
 
     def test_empty(self):
         self.check('', '')
@@ -383,6 +384,7 @@ class NormalizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_english(self):
         self.check('en', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
         self.check('EN', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
+        self.check('en.iso88591', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
         self.check('en_US', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
         self.check('en_us', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
         self.check('en_GB', 'en_GB.ISO8859-1')
@@ -391,7 +393,10 @@ class NormalizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.check('en_US:UTF-8', 'en_US.UTF-8')
         self.check('en_US.ISO8859-1', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
         self.check('en_US.US-ASCII', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
+        self.check('en_US.88591', 'en_US.ISO8859-1')
+        self.check('en_US.885915', 'en_US.ISO8859-15')
         self.check('english', 'en_EN.ISO8859-1')
+        self.check('english_uk.ascii', 'en_GB.ISO8859-1')
 
     def test_hyphenated_encoding(self):
         self.check('az_AZ.iso88599e', 'az_AZ.ISO8859-9E')
@@ -411,10 +416,12 @@ class NormalizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_euro_modifier(self):
         self.check('de_DE@euro', 'de_DE.ISO8859-15')
         self.check('en_US.ISO8859-15@euro', 'en_US.ISO8859-15')
+        self.check('de_DE.utf8@euro', 'de_DE.UTF-8')
 
     def test_latin_modifier(self):
         self.check('be_BY.UTF-8@latin', 'be_BY.UTF-8@latin')
         self.check('sr_RS.UTF-8@latin', 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin')
+        self.check('sr_RS.UTF-8@latn', 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin')
 
     def test_valencia_modifier(self):
         self.check('ca_ES.UTF-8@valencia', 'ca_ES.UTF-8@valencia')
@@ -435,6 +442,39 @@ class NormalizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.check('sd_IN', 'sd_IN.UTF-8')
         self.check('sd', 'sd_IN.UTF-8')
 
+    def test_euc_encoding(self):
+        self.check('ja_jp.euc', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ja_jp.eucjp', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ko_kr.euc', 'ko_KR.eucKR')
+        self.check('ko_kr.euckr', 'ko_KR.eucKR')
+        self.check('zh_cn.euc', 'zh_CN.eucCN')
+        self.check('zh_tw.euc', 'zh_TW.eucTW')
+        self.check('zh_tw.euctw', 'zh_TW.eucTW')
+
+    def test_japanese(self):
+        self.check('ja', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ja.jis', 'ja_JP.JIS7')
+        self.check('ja.sjis', 'ja_JP.SJIS')
+        self.check('ja_jp', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ja_jp.ajec', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ja_jp.euc', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ja_jp.eucjp', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ja_jp.iso-2022-jp', 'ja_JP.JIS7')
+        self.check('ja_jp.iso2022jp', 'ja_JP.JIS7')
+        self.check('ja_jp.jis', 'ja_JP.JIS7')
+        self.check('ja_jp.jis7', 'ja_JP.JIS7')
+        self.check('ja_jp.mscode', 'ja_JP.SJIS')
+        self.check('ja_jp.pck', 'ja_JP.SJIS')
+        self.check('ja_jp.sjis', 'ja_JP.SJIS')
+        self.check('ja_jp.ujis', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('ja_jp.utf8', 'ja_JP.UTF-8')
+        self.check('japan', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('japanese', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('japanese-euc', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('japanese.euc', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+        self.check('japanese.sjis', 'ja_JP.SJIS')
+        self.check('jp_jp', 'ja_JP.eucJP')
+
 
 class TestMiscellaneous(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_getpreferredencoding(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_logging.py b/Lib/test/test_logging.py
index f34172a371..e72b036e10 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_logging.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_logging.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import logging.handlers
 import logging.config
 
 import codecs
+import configparser
 import datetime
 import pickle
 import io
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ import socket
 import struct
 import sys
 import tempfile
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 from test.support import (captured_stdout, run_with_locale, run_unittest,
                           patch, requires_zlib, TestHandler, Matcher)
 import textwrap
@@ -56,7 +58,9 @@ try:
     import smtpd
     from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
     from socketserver import (ThreadingUDPServer, DatagramRequestHandler,
-                              ThreadingTCPServer, StreamRequestHandler)
+                              ThreadingTCPServer, StreamRequestHandler,
+                              ThreadingUnixStreamServer,
+                              ThreadingUnixDatagramServer)
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
 try:
@@ -73,13 +77,12 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
-
 class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     """Base class for logging tests."""
 
     log_format = "%(name)s -> %(levelname)s: %(message)s"
-    expected_log_pat = r"^([\w.]+) -> ([\w]+): ([\d]+)$"
+    expected_log_pat = r"^([\w.]+) -> (\w+): (\d+)$"
     message_num = 0
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -91,7 +94,8 @@ class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.saved_handlers = logging._handlers.copy()
             self.saved_handler_list = logging._handlerList[:]
             self.saved_loggers = saved_loggers = logger_dict.copy()
-            self.saved_level_names = logging._levelNames.copy()
+            self.saved_name_to_level = logging._nameToLevel.copy()
+            self.saved_level_to_name = logging._levelToName.copy()
             self.logger_states = logger_states = {}
             for name in saved_loggers:
                 logger_states[name] = getattr(saved_loggers[name],
@@ -133,8 +137,10 @@ class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.root_logger.setLevel(self.original_logging_level)
         logging._acquireLock()
         try:
-            logging._levelNames.clear()
-            logging._levelNames.update(self.saved_level_names)
+            logging._levelToName.clear()
+            logging._levelToName.update(self.saved_level_to_name)
+            logging._nameToLevel.clear()
+            logging._nameToLevel.update(self.saved_name_to_level)
             logging._handlers.clear()
             logging._handlers.update(self.saved_handlers)
             logging._handlerList[:] = self.saved_handler_list
@@ -148,12 +154,12 @@ class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             logging._releaseLock()
 
-    def assert_log_lines(self, expected_values, stream=None):
+    def assert_log_lines(self, expected_values, stream=None, pat=None):
         """Match the collected log lines against the regular expression
         self.expected_log_pat, and compare the extracted group values to
         the expected_values list of tuples."""
         stream = stream or self.stream
-        pat = re.compile(self.expected_log_pat)
+        pat = re.compile(pat or self.expected_log_pat)
         actual_lines = stream.getvalue().splitlines()
         self.assertEqual(len(actual_lines), len(expected_values))
         for actual, expected in zip(actual_lines, expected_values):
@@ -428,7 +434,7 @@ class CustomLevelsAndFiltersTest(BaseTest):
     """Test various filtering possibilities with custom logging levels."""
 
     # Skip the logger name group.
-    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> ([\w]+): ([\d]+)$"
+    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$"
 
     def setUp(self):
         BaseTest.setUp(self)
@@ -558,7 +564,7 @@ class HandlerTest(BaseTest):
                 self.assertEqual(h.facility, h.LOG_USER)
                 self.assertTrue(h.unixsocket)
                 h.close()
-            except socket.error: # syslogd might not be available
+            except OSError: # syslogd might not be available
                 pass
         for method in ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT'):
             if method == 'PUT':
@@ -583,6 +589,7 @@ class HandlerTest(BaseTest):
             for _ in range(tries):
                 try:
                     os.unlink(fname)
+                    self.deletion_time = time.time()
                 except OSError:
                     pass
                 time.sleep(0.004 * random.randint(0, 4))
@@ -590,6 +597,9 @@ class HandlerTest(BaseTest):
         del_count = 500
         log_count = 500
 
+        self.handle_time = None
+        self.deletion_time = None
+
         for delay in (False, True):
             fd, fn = tempfile.mkstemp('.log', 'test_logging-3-')
             os.close(fd)
@@ -603,7 +613,14 @@ class HandlerTest(BaseTest):
                 for _ in range(log_count):
                     time.sleep(0.005)
                     r = logging.makeLogRecord({'msg': 'testing' })
-                    h.handle(r)
+                    try:
+                        self.handle_time = time.time()
+                        h.handle(r)
+                    except Exception:
+                        print('Deleted at %s, '
+                              'opened at %s' % (self.deletion_time,
+                                                self.handle_time))
+                        raise
             finally:
                 remover.join()
                 h.close()
@@ -645,41 +662,6 @@ class StreamHandlerTest(BaseTest):
 # -- if it proves to be of wider utility than just test_logging
 
 if threading:
-    class TestSMTPChannel(smtpd.SMTPChannel):
-        """
-        This derived class has had to be created because smtpd does not
-        support use of custom channel maps, although they are allowed by
-        asyncore's design. Issue #11959 has been raised to address this,
-        and if resolved satisfactorily, some of this code can be removed.
-        """
-        def __init__(self, server, conn, addr, sockmap):
-            asynchat.async_chat.__init__(self, conn, sockmap)
-            self.smtp_server = server
-            self.conn = conn
-            self.addr = addr
-            self.data_size_limit = None
-            self.received_lines = []
-            self.smtp_state = self.COMMAND
-            self.seen_greeting = ''
-            self.mailfrom = None
-            self.rcpttos = []
-            self.received_data = ''
-            self.fqdn = socket.getfqdn()
-            self.num_bytes = 0
-            try:
-                self.peer = conn.getpeername()
-            except socket.error as err:
-                # a race condition  may occur if the other end is closing
-                # before we can get the peername
-                self.close()
-                if err.args[0] != errno.ENOTCONN:
-                    raise
-                return
-            self.push('220 %s %s' % (self.fqdn, smtpd.__version__))
-            self.set_terminator(b'\r\n')
-            self.extended_smtp = False
-
-
     class TestSMTPServer(smtpd.SMTPServer):
         """
         This class implements a test SMTP server.
@@ -700,37 +682,14 @@ if threading:
                         :func:`asyncore.loop`. This avoids changing the
                         :mod:`asyncore` module's global state.
         """
-        channel_class = TestSMTPChannel
 
         def __init__(self, addr, handler, poll_interval, sockmap):
-            self._localaddr = addr
-            self._remoteaddr = None
-            self.data_size_limit = None
-            self.sockmap = sockmap
-            asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self, map=sockmap)
-            try:
-                sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-                sock.setblocking(0)
-                self.set_socket(sock, map=sockmap)
-                # try to re-use a server port if possible
-                self.set_reuse_addr()
-                self.bind(addr)
-                self.port = sock.getsockname()[1]
-                self.listen(5)
-            except:
-                self.close()
-                raise
+            smtpd.SMTPServer.__init__(self, addr, None, map=sockmap)
+            self.port = self.socket.getsockname()[1]
             self._handler = handler
             self._thread = None
             self.poll_interval = poll_interval
 
-        def handle_accepted(self, conn, addr):
-            """
-            Redefined only because the base class does not pass in a
-            map, forcing use of a global in :mod:`asyncore`.
-            """
-            channel = self.channel_class(self, conn, addr, self.sockmap)
-
         def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
             """
             Delegates to the handler passed in to the server's constructor.
@@ -761,8 +720,8 @@ if threading:
                                   :func:`asyncore.loop`.
             """
             try:
-                asyncore.loop(poll_interval, map=self.sockmap)
-            except select.error:
+                asyncore.loop(poll_interval, map=self._map)
+            except OSError:
                 # On FreeBSD 8, closing the server repeatably
                 # raises this error. We swallow it if the
                 # server has been closed.
@@ -869,7 +828,7 @@ if threading:
                 sock, addr = self.socket.accept()
                 if self.sslctx:
                     sock = self.sslctx.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True)
-            except socket.error as e:
+            except OSError as e:
                 # socket errors are silenced by the caller, print them here
                 sys.stderr.write("Got an error:\n%s\n" % e)
                 raise
@@ -906,6 +865,9 @@ if threading:
             super(TestTCPServer, self).server_bind()
             self.port = self.socket.getsockname()[1]
 
+    class TestUnixStreamServer(TestTCPServer):
+        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
+
     class TestUDPServer(ControlMixin, ThreadingUDPServer):
         """
         A UDP server which is controllable using :class:`ControlMixin`.
@@ -935,7 +897,7 @@ if threading:
                     if data:
                         try:
                             super(DelegatingUDPRequestHandler, self).finish()
-                        except socket.error:
+                        except OSError:
                             if not self.server._closed:
                                 raise
 
@@ -953,6 +915,9 @@ if threading:
             super(TestUDPServer, self).server_close()
             self._closed = True
 
+    class TestUnixDatagramServer(TestUDPServer):
+        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
+
 # - end of server_helper section
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
@@ -991,7 +956,7 @@ class MemoryHandlerTest(BaseTest):
     """Tests for the MemoryHandler."""
 
     # Do not bother with a logger name group.
-    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> ([\w]+): ([\d]+)$"
+    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$"
 
     def setUp(self):
         BaseTest.setUp(self)
@@ -1044,7 +1009,7 @@ class ConfigFileTest(BaseTest):
 
     """Reading logging config from a .ini-style config file."""
 
-    expected_log_pat = r"^([\w]+) \+\+ ([\w]+)$"
+    expected_log_pat = r"^(\w+) \+\+ (\w+)$"
 
     # config0 is a standard configuration.
     config0 = """
@@ -1292,6 +1257,24 @@ class ConfigFileTest(BaseTest):
             # Original logger output is empty.
             self.assert_log_lines([])
 
+    def test_config0_using_cp_ok(self):
+        # A simple config file which overrides the default settings.
+        with captured_stdout() as output:
+            file = io.StringIO(textwrap.dedent(self.config0))
+            cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
+            cp.read_file(file)
+            logging.config.fileConfig(cp)
+            logger = logging.getLogger()
+            # Won't output anything
+            logger.info(self.next_message())
+            # Outputs a message
+            logger.error(self.next_message())
+            self.assert_log_lines([
+                ('ERROR', '2'),
+            ], stream=output)
+            # Original logger output is empty.
+            self.assert_log_lines([])
+
     def test_config1_ok(self, config=config1):
         # A config file defining a sub-parser as well.
         with captured_stdout() as output:
@@ -1381,7 +1364,7 @@ class ConfigFileTest(BaseTest):
 
     def test_logger_disabling(self):
         self.apply_config(self.disable_test)
-        logger = logging.getLogger('foo')
+        logger = logging.getLogger('some_pristine_logger')
         self.assertFalse(logger.disabled)
         self.apply_config(self.disable_test)
         self.assertTrue(logger.disabled)
@@ -1394,17 +1377,23 @@ class SocketHandlerTest(BaseTest):
 
     """Test for SocketHandler objects."""
 
+    if threading:
+        server_class = TestTCPServer
+        address = ('localhost', 0)
+
     def setUp(self):
         """Set up a TCP server to receive log messages, and a SocketHandler
         pointing to that server's address and port."""
         BaseTest.setUp(self)
-        addr = ('localhost', 0)
-        self.server = server = TestTCPServer(addr, self.handle_socket,
-                                                0.01)
+        self.server = server = self.server_class(self.address,
+                                                 self.handle_socket, 0.01)
         server.start()
         server.ready.wait()
-        self.sock_hdlr = logging.handlers.SocketHandler('localhost',
-                                                        server.port)
+        hcls = logging.handlers.SocketHandler
+        if isinstance(server.server_address, tuple):
+            self.sock_hdlr = hcls('localhost', server.port)
+        else:
+            self.sock_hdlr = hcls(server.server_address, None)
         self.log_output = ''
         self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_logger.handlers[0])
         self.root_logger.addHandler(self.sock_hdlr)
@@ -1444,35 +1433,69 @@ class SocketHandlerTest(BaseTest):
         self.assertEqual(self.log_output, "spam\neggs\n")
 
     def test_noserver(self):
+        # Avoid timing-related failures due to SocketHandler's own hard-wired
+        # one-second timeout on socket.create_connection() (issue #16264).
+        self.sock_hdlr.retryStart = 2.5
         # Kill the server
         self.server.stop(2.0)
-        #The logging call should try to connect, which should fail
+        # The logging call should try to connect, which should fail
         try:
             raise RuntimeError('Deliberate mistake')
         except RuntimeError:
             self.root_logger.exception('Never sent')
         self.root_logger.error('Never sent, either')
         now = time.time()
-        self.assertTrue(self.sock_hdlr.retryTime > now)
+        self.assertGreater(self.sock_hdlr.retryTime, now)
         time.sleep(self.sock_hdlr.retryTime - now + 0.001)
         self.root_logger.error('Nor this')
 
+def _get_temp_domain_socket():
+    fd, fn = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='test_logging_', suffix='.sock')
+    os.close(fd)
+    # just need a name - file can't be present, or we'll get an
+    # 'address already in use' error.
+    os.remove(fn)
+    return fn
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
+class UnixSocketHandlerTest(SocketHandlerTest):
+
+    """Test for SocketHandler with unix sockets."""
+
+    if threading:
+        server_class = TestUnixStreamServer
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # override the definition in the base class
+        self.address = _get_temp_domain_socket()
+        SocketHandlerTest.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        SocketHandlerTest.tearDown(self)
+        os.remove(self.address)
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
 class DatagramHandlerTest(BaseTest):
 
     """Test for DatagramHandler."""
 
+    if threading:
+        server_class = TestUDPServer
+        address = ('localhost', 0)
+
     def setUp(self):
         """Set up a UDP server to receive log messages, and a DatagramHandler
         pointing to that server's address and port."""
         BaseTest.setUp(self)
-        addr = ('localhost', 0)
-        self.server = server = TestUDPServer(addr, self.handle_datagram, 0.01)
+        self.server = server = self.server_class(self.address,
+                                                 self.handle_datagram, 0.01)
         server.start()
         server.ready.wait()
-        self.sock_hdlr = logging.handlers.DatagramHandler('localhost',
-                                                          server.port)
+        hcls = logging.handlers.DatagramHandler
+        if isinstance(server.server_address, tuple):
+            self.sock_hdlr = hcls('localhost', server.port)
+        else:
+            self.sock_hdlr = hcls(server.server_address, None)
         self.log_output = ''
         self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_logger.handlers[0])
         self.root_logger.addHandler(self.sock_hdlr)
@@ -1507,21 +1530,44 @@ class DatagramHandlerTest(BaseTest):
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
+class UnixDatagramHandlerTest(DatagramHandlerTest):
+
+    """Test for DatagramHandler using Unix sockets."""
+
+    if threading:
+        server_class = TestUnixDatagramServer
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # override the definition in the base class
+        self.address = _get_temp_domain_socket()
+        DatagramHandlerTest.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        DatagramHandlerTest.tearDown(self)
+        os.remove(self.address)
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
 class SysLogHandlerTest(BaseTest):
 
     """Test for SysLogHandler using UDP."""
 
+    if threading:
+        server_class = TestUDPServer
+        address = ('localhost', 0)
+
     def setUp(self):
         """Set up a UDP server to receive log messages, and a SysLogHandler
         pointing to that server's address and port."""
         BaseTest.setUp(self)
-        addr = ('localhost', 0)
-        self.server = server = TestUDPServer(addr, self.handle_datagram,
-                                                0.01)
+        self.server = server = self.server_class(self.address,
+                                                 self.handle_datagram, 0.01)
         server.start()
         server.ready.wait()
-        self.sl_hdlr = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(('localhost',
-                                                       server.port))
+        hcls = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler
+        if isinstance(server.server_address, tuple):
+            self.sl_hdlr = hcls(('localhost', server.port))
+        else:
+            self.sl_hdlr = hcls(server.server_address)
         self.log_output = ''
         self.root_logger.removeHandler(self.root_logger.handlers[0])
         self.root_logger.addHandler(self.sl_hdlr)
@@ -1559,6 +1605,23 @@ class SysLogHandlerTest(BaseTest):
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
+class UnixSysLogHandlerTest(SysLogHandlerTest):
+
+    """Test for SysLogHandler with Unix sockets."""
+
+    if threading:
+        server_class = TestUnixDatagramServer
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # override the definition in the base class
+        self.address = _get_temp_domain_socket()
+        SysLogHandlerTest.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        SysLogHandlerTest.tearDown(self)
+        os.remove(self.address)
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
 class HTTPHandlerTest(BaseTest):
     """Test for HTTPHandler."""
 
@@ -1779,7 +1842,7 @@ class WarningsTest(BaseTest):
             logger.removeHandler(h)
             s = stream.getvalue()
             h.close()
-            self.assertTrue(s.find("UserWarning: I'm warning you...\n") > 0)
+            self.assertGreater(s.find("UserWarning: I'm warning you...\n"), 0)
 
             #See if an explicit file uses the original implementation
             a_file = io.StringIO()
@@ -1817,7 +1880,7 @@ class ConfigDictTest(BaseTest):
 
     """Reading logging config from a dictionary."""
 
-    expected_log_pat = r"^([\w]+) \+\+ ([\w]+)$"
+    expected_log_pat = r"^(\w+) \+\+ (\w+)$"
 
     # config0 is a standard configuration.
     config0 = {
@@ -2389,6 +2452,32 @@ class ConfigDictTest(BaseTest):
         },
     }
 
+    # As config0, but with properties
+    config14 = {
+        'version': 1,
+        'formatters': {
+            'form1' : {
+                'format' : '%(levelname)s ++ %(message)s',
+            },
+        },
+        'handlers' : {
+            'hand1' : {
+                'class' : 'logging.StreamHandler',
+                'formatter' : 'form1',
+                'level' : 'NOTSET',
+                'stream'  : 'ext://sys.stdout',
+                '.': {
+                    'foo': 'bar',
+                    'terminator': '!\n',
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        'root' : {
+            'level' : 'WARNING',
+            'handlers' : ['hand1'],
+        },
+    }
+
     out_of_order = {
         "version": 1,
         "formatters": {
@@ -2656,11 +2745,20 @@ class ConfigDictTest(BaseTest):
     def test_config13_failure(self):
         self.assertRaises(Exception, self.apply_config, self.config13)
 
+    def test_config14_ok(self):
+        with captured_stdout() as output:
+            self.apply_config(self.config14)
+            h = logging._handlers['hand1']
+            self.assertEqual(h.foo, 'bar')
+            self.assertEqual(h.terminator, '!\n')
+            logging.warning('Exclamation')
+            self.assertTrue(output.getvalue().endswith('Exclamation!\n'))
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'listen() needs threading to work')
-    def setup_via_listener(self, text):
+    def setup_via_listener(self, text, verify=None):
         text = text.encode("utf-8")
         # Ask for a randomly assigned port (by using port 0)
-        t = logging.config.listen(0)
+        t = logging.config.listen(0, verify)
         t.start()
         t.ready.wait()
         # Now get the port allocated
@@ -2720,6 +2818,69 @@ class ConfigDictTest(BaseTest):
             # Original logger output is empty.
             self.assert_log_lines([])
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
+    def test_listen_verify(self):
+
+        def verify_fail(stuff):
+            return None
+
+        def verify_reverse(stuff):
+            return stuff[::-1]
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
+        to_send = textwrap.dedent(ConfigFileTest.config1)
+        # First, specify a verification function that will fail.
+        # We expect to see no output, since our configuration
+        # never took effect.
+        with captured_stdout() as output:
+            self.setup_via_listener(to_send, verify_fail)
+            # Both will output a message
+            logger.info(self.next_message())
+            logger.error(self.next_message())
+        self.assert_log_lines([], stream=output)
+        # Original logger output has the stuff we logged.
+        self.assert_log_lines([
+            ('INFO', '1'),
+            ('ERROR', '2'),
+        ], pat=r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$")
+
+        # Now, perform no verification. Our configuration
+        # should take effect.
+
+        with captured_stdout() as output:
+            self.setup_via_listener(to_send)    # no verify callable specified
+            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
+            # Both will output a message
+            logger.info(self.next_message())
+            logger.error(self.next_message())
+        self.assert_log_lines([
+            ('INFO', '3'),
+            ('ERROR', '4'),
+        ], stream=output)
+        # Original logger output still has the stuff we logged before.
+        self.assert_log_lines([
+            ('INFO', '1'),
+            ('ERROR', '2'),
+        ], pat=r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$")
+
+        # Now, perform verification which transforms the bytes.
+
+        with captured_stdout() as output:
+            self.setup_via_listener(to_send[::-1], verify_reverse)
+            logger = logging.getLogger("compiler.parser")
+            # Both will output a message
+            logger.info(self.next_message())
+            logger.error(self.next_message())
+        self.assert_log_lines([
+            ('INFO', '5'),
+            ('ERROR', '6'),
+        ], stream=output)
+        # Original logger output still has the stuff we logged before.
+        self.assert_log_lines([
+            ('INFO', '1'),
+            ('ERROR', '2'),
+        ], pat=r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$")
+
     def test_out_of_order(self):
         self.apply_config(self.out_of_order)
         handler = logging.getLogger('mymodule').handlers[0]
@@ -2779,14 +2940,14 @@ class ChildLoggerTest(BaseTest):
         l2 = logging.getLogger('def.ghi')
         c1 = r.getChild('xyz')
         c2 = r.getChild('uvw.xyz')
-        self.assertTrue(c1 is logging.getLogger('xyz'))
-        self.assertTrue(c2 is logging.getLogger('uvw.xyz'))
+        self.assertIs(c1, logging.getLogger('xyz'))
+        self.assertIs(c2, logging.getLogger('uvw.xyz'))
         c1 = l1.getChild('def')
         c2 = c1.getChild('ghi')
         c3 = l1.getChild('def.ghi')
-        self.assertTrue(c1 is logging.getLogger('abc.def'))
-        self.assertTrue(c2 is logging.getLogger('abc.def.ghi'))
-        self.assertTrue(c2 is c3)
+        self.assertIs(c1, logging.getLogger('abc.def'))
+        self.assertIs(c2, logging.getLogger('abc.def.ghi'))
+        self.assertIs(c2, c3)
 
 
 class DerivedLogRecord(logging.LogRecord):
@@ -2829,7 +2990,7 @@ class LogRecordFactoryTest(BaseTest):
 
 class QueueHandlerTest(BaseTest):
     # Do not bother with a logger name group.
-    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> ([\w]+): ([\d]+)$"
+    expected_log_pat = r"^[\w.]+ -> (\w+): (\d+)$"
 
     def setUp(self):
         BaseTest.setUp(self)
@@ -3123,13 +3284,13 @@ class ShutdownTest(BaseTest):
         self.assertEqual('0 - release', self.called[-1])
 
     def test_with_ioerror_in_acquire(self):
-        self._test_with_failure_in_method('acquire', IOError)
+        self._test_with_failure_in_method('acquire', OSError)
 
     def test_with_ioerror_in_flush(self):
-        self._test_with_failure_in_method('flush', IOError)
+        self._test_with_failure_in_method('flush', OSError)
 
     def test_with_ioerror_in_close(self):
-        self._test_with_failure_in_method('close', IOError)
+        self._test_with_failure_in_method('close', OSError)
 
     def test_with_valueerror_in_acquire(self):
         self._test_with_failure_in_method('acquire', ValueError)
@@ -3235,6 +3396,25 @@ class ModuleLevelMiscTest(BaseTest):
         logging.setLoggerClass(logging.Logger)
         self.assertEqual(logging.getLoggerClass(), logging.Logger)
 
+    def test_logging_at_shutdown(self):
+        # Issue #20037
+        code = """if 1:
+            import logging
+
+            class A:
+                def __del__(self):
+                    try:
+                        raise ValueError("some error")
+                    except Exception:
+                        logging.exception("exception in __del__")
+
+            a = A()"""
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+        err = err.decode()
+        self.assertIn("exception in __del__", err)
+        self.assertIn("ValueError: some error", err)
+
+
 class LogRecordTest(BaseTest):
     def test_str_rep(self):
         r = logging.makeLogRecord({})
@@ -3352,6 +3532,12 @@ class BasicConfigTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 "ERROR:root:Log an error")
 
     def test_filename(self):
+
+        def cleanup(h1, h2, fn):
+            h1.close()
+            h2.close()
+            os.remove(fn)
+
         logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log')
 
         self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
@@ -3359,17 +3545,23 @@ class BasicConfigTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
 
         expected = logging.FileHandler('test.log', 'a')
-        self.addCleanup(expected.close)
         self.assertEqual(handler.stream.mode, expected.stream.mode)
         self.assertEqual(handler.stream.name, expected.stream.name)
+        self.addCleanup(cleanup, handler, expected, 'test.log')
 
     def test_filemode(self):
+
+        def cleanup(h1, h2, fn):
+            h1.close()
+            h2.close()
+            os.remove(fn)
+
         logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', filemode='wb')
 
         handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
         expected = logging.FileHandler('test.log', 'wb')
-        self.addCleanup(expected.close)
         self.assertEqual(handler.stream.mode, expected.stream.mode)
+        self.addCleanup(cleanup, handler, expected, 'test.log')
 
     def test_stream(self):
         stream = io.StringIO()
@@ -3825,6 +4017,63 @@ class TimedRotatingFileHandlerTest(BaseFileTest):
         assertRaises(ValueError, logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler,
                      self.fn, 'W7', delay=True)
 
+    def test_compute_rollover_daily_attime(self):
+        currentTime = 0
+        atTime = datetime.time(12, 0, 0)
+        rh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
+            self.fn, when='MIDNIGHT', interval=1, backupCount=0, utc=True,
+            atTime=atTime)
+        try:
+            actual = rh.computeRollover(currentTime)
+            self.assertEqual(actual, currentTime + 12 * 60 * 60)
+
+            actual = rh.computeRollover(currentTime + 13 * 60 * 60)
+            self.assertEqual(actual, currentTime + 36 * 60 * 60)
+        finally:
+            rh.close()
+
+    #@unittest.skipIf(True, 'Temporarily skipped while failures investigated.')
+    def test_compute_rollover_weekly_attime(self):
+        currentTime = int(time.time())
+        today = currentTime - currentTime % 86400
+
+        atTime = datetime.time(12, 0, 0)
+
+        wday = time.gmtime(today).tm_wday
+        for day in range(7):
+            rh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
+                self.fn, when='W%d' % day, interval=1, backupCount=0, utc=True,
+                atTime=atTime)
+            try:
+                if wday > day:
+                    # The rollover day has already passed this week, so we
+                    # go over into next week
+                    expected = (7 - wday + day)
+                else:
+                    expected = (day - wday)
+                # At this point expected is in days from now, convert to seconds
+                expected *= 24 * 60 * 60
+                # Add in the rollover time
+                expected += 12 * 60 * 60
+                # Add in adjustment for today
+                expected += today
+                actual = rh.computeRollover(today)
+                if actual != expected:
+                    print('failed in timezone: %d' % time.timezone)
+                    print('local vars: %s' % locals())
+                self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+                if day == wday:
+                    # goes into following week
+                    expected += 7 * 24 * 60 * 60
+                actual = rh.computeRollover(today + 13 * 60 * 60)
+                if actual != expected:
+                    print('failed in timezone: %d' % time.timezone)
+                    print('local vars: %s' % locals())
+                self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+            finally:
+                rh.close()
+
+
 def secs(**kw):
     return datetime.timedelta(**kw) // datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)
 
@@ -3883,7 +4132,7 @@ class NTEventLogHandlerTest(BaseTest):
         h.handle(r)
         h.close()
         # Now see if the event is recorded
-        self.assertTrue(num_recs < win32evtlog.GetNumberOfEventLogRecords(elh))
+        self.assertLess(num_recs, win32evtlog.GetNumberOfEventLogRecords(elh))
         flags = win32evtlog.EVENTLOG_BACKWARDS_READ | \
                 win32evtlog.EVENTLOG_SEQUENTIAL_READ
         found = False
@@ -3916,7 +4165,8 @@ def test_main():
                  SMTPHandlerTest, FileHandlerTest, RotatingFileHandlerTest,
                  LastResortTest, LogRecordTest, ExceptionTest,
                  SysLogHandlerTest, HTTPHandlerTest, NTEventLogHandlerTest,
-                 TimedRotatingFileHandlerTest
+                 TimedRotatingFileHandlerTest, UnixSocketHandlerTest,
+                 UnixDatagramHandlerTest, UnixSysLogHandlerTest
                 )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_long.py b/Lib/test/test_long.py
index 3f9c1e295b..13152ecf12 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_long.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_long.py
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ class LongTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, (256).to_bytes, 1, 'big', signed=True)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, (256).to_bytes, 1, 'little', signed=False)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, (256).to_bytes, 1, 'little', signed=True)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, (-1).to_bytes, 2, 'big', signed=False),
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, (-1).to_bytes, 2, 'big', signed=False)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, (-1).to_bytes, 2, 'little', signed=False)
         self.assertEqual((0).to_bytes(0, 'big'), b'')
         self.assertEqual((1).to_bytes(5, 'big'), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_lzma.py b/Lib/test/test_lzma.py
index 160b0e8b0f..3e73d7f1cf 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_lzma.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_lzma.py
@@ -383,6 +383,8 @@ class FileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
         with LZMAFile(BytesIO(), "w") as f:
             pass
+        with LZMAFile(BytesIO(), "x") as f:
+            pass
         with LZMAFile(BytesIO(), "a") as f:
             pass
 
@@ -410,13 +412,29 @@ class FileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             with LZMAFile(TESTFN, "ab"):
                 pass
 
+    def test_init_with_x_mode(self):
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
+        for mode in ("x", "xb"):
+            unlink(TESTFN)
+            with LZMAFile(TESTFN, mode):
+                pass
+            with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+                with LZMAFile(TESTFN, mode):
+                    pass
+
     def test_init_bad_mode(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), (3, "x"))
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), "")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), "x")
+            LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), "xt")
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), "x+")
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), "rx")
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), "wx")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ), "rt")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
@@ -698,6 +716,20 @@ class FileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         with LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ[:128])) as f:
             self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read)
 
+    def test_read_truncated(self):
+        # Drop stream footer: CRC (4 bytes), index size (4 bytes),
+        # flags (2 bytes) and magic number (2 bytes).
+        truncated = COMPRESSED_XZ[:-12]
+        with LZMAFile(BytesIO(truncated)) as f:
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read)
+        with LZMAFile(BytesIO(truncated)) as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(len(INPUT)), INPUT)
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read, 1)
+        # Incomplete 12-byte header.
+        for i in range(12):
+            with LZMAFile(BytesIO(truncated[:i])) as f:
+                self.assertRaises(EOFError, f.read, 1)
+
     def test_read_bad_args(self):
         f = LZMAFile(BytesIO(COMPRESSED_XZ))
         f.close()
@@ -1041,8 +1073,6 @@ class OpenTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             lzma.open(TESTFN, "")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            lzma.open(TESTFN, "x")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             lzma.open(TESTFN, "rbt")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             lzma.open(TESTFN, "rb", encoding="utf-8")
@@ -1091,6 +1121,16 @@ class OpenTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             with lzma.open(bio, "rt", newline="\r") as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.readlines(), [text])
 
+    def test_x_mode(self):
+        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
+        for mode in ("x", "xb", "xt"):
+            unlink(TESTFN)
+            with lzma.open(TESTFN, mode):
+                pass
+            with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+                with lzma.open(TESTFN, mode):
+                    pass
+
 
 class MiscellaneousTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py b/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py
index 5e9e30acf1..d40509368a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_mailbox.py
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ class TestMaildir(TestMailbox, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         TestMailbox.setUp(self)
-        if os.name in ('nt', 'os2') or sys.platform == 'cygwin':
+        if (os.name == 'nt') or (sys.platform == 'cygwin'):
             self._box.colon = '!'
 
     def assertMailboxEmpty(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_marshal.py b/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
index 0b1413715d..068c4713e1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
@@ -22,37 +22,13 @@ class HelperMixin:
 
 class IntTestCase(unittest.TestCase, HelperMixin):
     def test_ints(self):
-        # Test the full range of Python ints.
-        n = sys.maxsize
+        # Test a range of Python ints larger than the machine word size.
+        n = sys.maxsize ** 2
         while n:
             for expected in (-n, n):
                 self.helper(expected)
             n = n >> 1
 
-    def test_int64(self):
-        # Simulate int marshaling on a 64-bit box.  This is most interesting if
-        # we're running the test on a 32-bit box, of course.
-
-        def to_little_endian_string(value, nbytes):
-            b = bytearray()
-            for i in range(nbytes):
-                b.append(value & 0xff)
-                value >>= 8
-            return b
-
-        maxint64 = (1 << 63) - 1
-        minint64 = -maxint64-1
-
-        for base in maxint64, minint64, -maxint64, -(minint64 >> 1):
-            while base:
-                s = b'I' + to_little_endian_string(base, 8)
-                got = marshal.loads(s)
-                self.assertEqual(base, got)
-                if base == -1:  # a fixed-point for shifting right 1
-                    base = 0
-                else:
-                    base >>= 1
-
     def test_bool(self):
         for b in (True, False):
             self.helper(b)
@@ -199,10 +175,14 @@ class BugsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             except Exception:
                 pass
 
-    def test_loads_recursion(self):
+    def test_loads_2x_code(self):
         s = b'c' + (b'X' * 4*4) + b'{' * 2**20
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, marshal.loads, s)
 
+    def test_loads_recursion(self):
+        s = b'c' + (b'X' * 4*5) + b'{' * 2**20
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, marshal.loads, s)
+
     def test_recursion_limit(self):
         # Create a deeply nested structure.
         head = last = []
@@ -280,15 +260,20 @@ class BugsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_bad_reader(self):
         class BadReader(io.BytesIO):
-            def read(self, n=-1):
-                b = super().read(n)
+            def readinto(self, buf):
+                n = super().readinto(buf)
                 if n is not None and n > 4:
-                    b += b' ' * 10**6
-                return b
+                    n += 10**6
+                return n
         for value in (1.0, 1j, b'0123456789', '0123456789'):
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, marshal.load,
                               BadReader(marshal.dumps(value)))
 
+    def _test_eof(self):
+        data = marshal.dumps(("hello", "dolly", None))
+        for i in range(len(data)):
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, marshal.loads, data[0: i])
+
 LARGE_SIZE = 2**31
 pointer_size = 8 if sys.maxsize > 0xFFFFFFFF else 4
 
@@ -333,6 +318,122 @@ class LargeValuesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_bytearray(self, size):
         self.check_unmarshallable(bytearray(size))
 
+def CollectObjectIDs(ids, obj):
+    """Collect object ids seen in a structure"""
+    if id(obj) in ids:
+        return
+    ids.add(id(obj))
+    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)):
+        for e in obj:
+            CollectObjectIDs(ids, e)
+    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
+        for k, v in obj.items():
+            CollectObjectIDs(ids, k)
+            CollectObjectIDs(ids, v)
+    return len(ids)
+
+class InstancingTestCase(unittest.TestCase, HelperMixin):
+    intobj = 123321
+    floatobj = 1.2345
+    strobj = "abcde"*3
+    dictobj = {"hello":floatobj, "goodbye":floatobj, floatobj:"hello"}
+
+    def helper3(self, rsample, recursive=False, simple=False):
+        #we have two instances
+        sample = (rsample, rsample)
+
+        n0 = CollectObjectIDs(set(), sample)
+
+        s3 = marshal.dumps(sample, 3)
+        n3 = CollectObjectIDs(set(), marshal.loads(s3))
+
+        #same number of instances generated
+        self.assertEqual(n3, n0)
+
+        if not recursive:
+            #can compare with version 2
+            s2 = marshal.dumps(sample, 2)
+            n2 = CollectObjectIDs(set(), marshal.loads(s2))
+            #old format generated more instances
+            self.assertGreater(n2, n0)
+
+            #if complex objects are in there, old format is larger
+            if not simple:
+                self.assertGreater(len(s2), len(s3))
+            else:
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(len(s2), len(s3))
+
+    def testInt(self):
+        self.helper(self.intobj)
+        self.helper3(self.intobj, simple=True)
+
+    def testFloat(self):
+        self.helper(self.floatobj)
+        self.helper3(self.floatobj)
+
+    def testStr(self):
+        self.helper(self.strobj)
+        self.helper3(self.strobj)
+
+    def testDict(self):
+        self.helper(self.dictobj)
+        self.helper3(self.dictobj)
+
+    def testModule(self):
+        with open(__file__, "rb") as f:
+            code = f.read()
+        if __file__.endswith(".py"):
+            code = compile(code, __file__, "exec")
+        self.helper(code)
+        self.helper3(code)
+
+    def testRecursion(self):
+        d = dict(self.dictobj)
+        d["self"] = d
+        self.helper3(d, recursive=True)
+        l = [self.dictobj]
+        l.append(l)
+        self.helper3(l, recursive=True)
+
+class CompatibilityTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _test(self, version):
+        with open(__file__, "rb") as f:
+            code = f.read()
+        if __file__.endswith(".py"):
+            code = compile(code, __file__, "exec")
+        data = marshal.dumps(code, version)
+        marshal.loads(data)
+
+    def test0To3(self):
+        self._test(0)
+
+    def test1To3(self):
+        self._test(1)
+
+    def test2To3(self):
+        self._test(2)
+
+    def test3To3(self):
+        self._test(3)
+
+class InterningTestCase(unittest.TestCase, HelperMixin):
+    strobj = "this is an interned string"
+    strobj = sys.intern(strobj)
+
+    def testIntern(self):
+        s = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(self.strobj))
+        self.assertEqual(s, self.strobj)
+        self.assertEqual(id(s), id(self.strobj))
+        s2 = sys.intern(s)
+        self.assertEqual(id(s2), id(s))
+
+    def testNoIntern(self):
+        s = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(self.strobj, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(s, self.strobj)
+        self.assertNotEqual(id(s), id(self.strobj))
+        s2 = sys.intern(s)
+        self.assertNotEqual(id(s2), id(s))
+
 
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(IntTestCase,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_memoryio.py b/Lib/test/test_memoryio.py
index 4fa9a195f9..9ef293e708 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_memoryio.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_memoryio.py
@@ -520,12 +520,12 @@ class TextIOTestMixin:
     def test_relative_seek(self):
         memio = self.ioclass()
 
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, memio.seek, -1, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, memio.seek, 3, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, memio.seek, -3, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, memio.seek, -1, 2)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, memio.seek, 1, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, memio.seek, 1, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, memio.seek, -1, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, memio.seek, 3, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, memio.seek, -3, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, memio.seek, -1, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, memio.seek, 1, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, memio.seek, 1, 2)
 
     def test_textio_properties(self):
         memio = self.ioclass()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py b/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py
index bf0eaad2ac..e7df8a762c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py
@@ -352,6 +352,15 @@ class AbstractMemoryTests:
             self.assertIs(wr(), None)
             self.assertIs(L[0], b)
 
+    def test_reversed(self):
+        for tp in self._types:
+            b = tp(self._source)
+            m = self._view(b)
+            aslist = list(reversed(m.tolist()))
+            self.assertEqual(list(reversed(m)), aslist)
+            self.assertEqual(list(reversed(m)), list(m[::-1]))
+
+
 # Variations on source objects for the buffer: bytes-like objects, then arrays
 # with itemsize > 1.
 # NOTE: support for multi-dimensional objects is unimplemented.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_minidom.py b/Lib/test/test_minidom.py
index 113c7fd71d..a1516c242d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_minidom.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_minidom.py
@@ -360,6 +360,15 @@ class MinidomTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 and el.getAttribute("spam2") == "bam2")
         dom.unlink()
 
+    def testGetAttrList(self):
+        pass
+
+    def testGetAttrValues(self):
+        pass
+
+    def testGetAttrLength(self):
+        pass
+
     def testGetAttribute(self):
         dom = Document()
         child = dom.appendChild(
@@ -380,6 +389,8 @@ class MinidomTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(child2.getAttributeNS("http://www.python.org", "missing"),
                          '')
 
+    def testGetAttributeNode(self): pass
+
     def testGetElementsByTagNameNS(self):
         d="""<foo xmlns:minidom='http://pyxml.sf.net/minidom'>
         <minidom:myelem/>
@@ -450,6 +461,8 @@ class MinidomTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.confirm(str(node) == repr(node))
         dom.unlink()
 
+    def testTextNodeRepr(self): pass
+
     def testWriteXML(self):
         str = '<?xml version="1.0" ?><a b="c"/>'
         dom = parseString(str)
@@ -513,6 +526,14 @@ class MinidomTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 and pi.localName is None
                 and pi.namespaceURI == xml.dom.EMPTY_NAMESPACE)
 
+    def testProcessingInstructionRepr(self): pass
+
+    def testTextRepr(self): pass
+
+    def testWriteText(self): pass
+
+    def testDocumentElement(self): pass
+
     def testTooManyDocumentElements(self):
         doc = parseString("<doc/>")
         elem = doc.createElement("extra")
@@ -521,6 +542,26 @@ class MinidomTest(unittest.TestCase):
         elem.unlink()
         doc.unlink()
 
+    def testCreateElementNS(self): pass
+
+    def testCreateAttributeNS(self): pass
+
+    def testParse(self): pass
+
+    def testParseString(self): pass
+
+    def testComment(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrListItem(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrListItems(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrListItemNS(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrListKeys(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrListKeysNS(self): pass
+
     def testRemoveNamedItem(self):
         doc = parseString("<doc a=''/>")
         e = doc.documentElement
@@ -540,6 +581,30 @@ class MinidomTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(xml.dom.NotFoundErr, attrs.removeNamedItemNS,
                           "http://xml.python.org/", "b")
 
+    def testAttrListValues(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrListLength(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrList__getitem__(self): pass
+
+    def testAttrList__setitem__(self): pass
+
+    def testSetAttrValueandNodeValue(self): pass
+
+    def testParseElement(self): pass
+
+    def testParseAttributes(self): pass
+
+    def testParseElementNamespaces(self): pass
+
+    def testParseAttributeNamespaces(self): pass
+
+    def testParseProcessingInstructions(self): pass
+
+    def testChildNodes(self): pass
+
+    def testFirstChild(self): pass
+
     def testHasChildNodes(self):
         dom = parseString("<doc><foo/></doc>")
         doc = dom.documentElement
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_mmap.py b/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
index 899df8d818..6ca5e1b730 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 from test.support import (TESTFN, run_unittest, import_module, unlink,
-                          requires, _2G, _4G)
+                          requires, _2G, _4G, gc_collect)
 import unittest
 import os
 import re
 import itertools
 import socket
 import sys
+import weakref
 
 # Skip test if we can't import mmap.
 mmap = import_module('mmap')
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ class MmapTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_bad_file_desc(self):
         # Try opening a bad file descriptor...
-        self.assertRaises(mmap.error, mmap.mmap, -2, 4096)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, mmap.mmap, -2, 4096)
 
     def test_tougher_find(self):
         # Do a tougher .find() test.  SF bug 515943 pointed out that, in 2.2,
@@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ class MmapTests(unittest.TestCase):
         m = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
         f.close()
         try:
-            m.resize(0) # will raise WindowsError
+            m.resize(0) # will raise OSError
         except:
             pass
         try:
@@ -671,7 +672,7 @@ class MmapTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # parameters to _get_osfhandle.
         s = socket.socket()
         try:
-            with self.assertRaises(mmap.error):
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError):
                 m = mmap.mmap(s.fileno(), 10)
         finally:
             s.close()
@@ -682,14 +683,23 @@ class MmapTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(m.closed)
 
     def test_context_manager_exception(self):
-        # Test that the IOError gets passed through
+        # Test that the OSError gets passed through
         with self.assertRaises(Exception) as exc:
             with mmap.mmap(-1, 10) as m:
-                raise IOError
-        self.assertIsInstance(exc.exception, IOError,
+                raise OSError
+        self.assertIsInstance(exc.exception, OSError,
                               "wrong exception raised in context manager")
         self.assertTrue(m.closed, "context manager failed")
 
+    def test_weakref(self):
+        # Check mmap objects are weakrefable
+        mm = mmap.mmap(-1, 16)
+        wr = weakref.ref(mm)
+        self.assertIs(wr(), mm)
+        del mm
+        gc_collect()
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
 class LargeMmapTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -707,7 +717,7 @@ class LargeMmapTests(unittest.TestCase):
             f.seek(num_zeroes)
             f.write(tail)
             f.flush()
-        except (IOError, OverflowError):
+        except (OSError, OverflowError):
             f.close()
             raise unittest.SkipTest("filesystem does not have largefile support")
         return f
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_module.py b/Lib/test/test_module.py
index e5a2525d18..1230293670 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_module.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_module.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Test the module type
 import unittest
+import weakref
 from test.support import run_unittest, gc_collect
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 
 import sys
 ModuleType = type(sys)
@@ -33,7 +35,12 @@ class ModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         foo = ModuleType("foo")
         self.assertEqual(foo.__name__, "foo")
         self.assertEqual(foo.__doc__, None)
-        self.assertEqual(foo.__dict__, {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": None})
+        self.assertIs(foo.__loader__, None)
+        self.assertIs(foo.__package__, None)
+        self.assertIs(foo.__spec__, None)
+        self.assertEqual(foo.__dict__, {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": None,
+                                        "__loader__": None, "__package__": None,
+                                        "__spec__": None})
 
     def test_ascii_docstring(self):
         # ASCII docstring
@@ -41,7 +48,9 @@ class ModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(foo.__name__, "foo")
         self.assertEqual(foo.__doc__, "foodoc")
         self.assertEqual(foo.__dict__,
-                         {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": "foodoc"})
+                         {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": "foodoc",
+                          "__loader__": None, "__package__": None,
+                          "__spec__": None})
 
     def test_unicode_docstring(self):
         # Unicode docstring
@@ -49,7 +58,9 @@ class ModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(foo.__name__, "foo")
         self.assertEqual(foo.__doc__, "foodoc\u1234")
         self.assertEqual(foo.__dict__,
-                         {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": "foodoc\u1234"})
+                         {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": "foodoc\u1234",
+                          "__loader__": None, "__package__": None,
+                          "__spec__": None})
 
     def test_reinit(self):
         # Reinitialization should not replace the __dict__
@@ -61,10 +72,10 @@ class ModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(foo.__doc__, "foodoc")
         self.assertEqual(foo.bar, 42)
         self.assertEqual(foo.__dict__,
-              {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": "foodoc", "bar": 42})
+              {"__name__": "foo", "__doc__": "foodoc", "bar": 42,
+               "__loader__": None, "__package__": None, "__spec__": None})
         self.assertTrue(foo.__dict__ is d)
 
-    @unittest.expectedFailure
     def test_dont_clear_dict(self):
         # See issue 7140.
         def f():
@@ -89,6 +100,14 @@ a = A(destroyed)"""
         gc_collect()
         self.assertEqual(destroyed, [1])
 
+    def test_weakref(self):
+        m = ModuleType("foo")
+        wr = weakref.ref(m)
+        self.assertIs(wr(), m)
+        del m
+        gc_collect()
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
     def test_module_repr_minimal(self):
         # reprs when modules have no __file__, __name__, or __loader__
         m = ModuleType('foo')
@@ -110,13 +129,19 @@ a = A(destroyed)"""
         m.__file__ = '/tmp/foo.py'
         self.assertEqual(repr(m), "<module '?' from '/tmp/foo.py'>")
 
+    def test_module_repr_with_loader_as_None(self):
+        m = ModuleType('foo')
+        assert m.__loader__ is None
+        self.assertEqual(repr(m), "<module 'foo'>")
+
     def test_module_repr_with_bare_loader_but_no_name(self):
         m = ModuleType('foo')
         del m.__name__
         # Yes, a class not an instance.
         m.__loader__ = BareLoader
+        loader_repr = repr(BareLoader)
         self.assertEqual(
-            repr(m), "<module '?' (<class 'test.test_module.BareLoader'>)>")
+            repr(m), "<module '?' ({})>".format(loader_repr))
 
     def test_module_repr_with_full_loader_but_no_name(self):
         # m.__loader__.module_repr() will fail because the module has no
@@ -126,15 +151,17 @@ a = A(destroyed)"""
         del m.__name__
         # Yes, a class not an instance.
         m.__loader__ = FullLoader
+        loader_repr = repr(FullLoader)
         self.assertEqual(
-            repr(m), "<module '?' (<class 'test.test_module.FullLoader'>)>")
+            repr(m), "<module '?' ({})>".format(loader_repr))
 
     def test_module_repr_with_bare_loader(self):
         m = ModuleType('foo')
         # Yes, a class not an instance.
         m.__loader__ = BareLoader
+        module_repr = repr(BareLoader)
         self.assertEqual(
-            repr(m), "<module 'foo' (<class 'test.test_module.BareLoader'>)>")
+            repr(m), "<module 'foo' ({})>".format(module_repr))
 
     def test_module_repr_with_full_loader(self):
         m = ModuleType('foo')
@@ -164,8 +191,25 @@ a = A(destroyed)"""
 
     def test_module_repr_source(self):
         r = repr(unittest)
-        self.assertEqual(r[:25], "<module 'unittest' from '")
-        self.assertEqual(r[-13:], "__init__.py'>")
+        starts_with = "<module 'unittest' from '"
+        ends_with = "__init__.py'>"
+        self.assertEqual(r[:len(starts_with)], starts_with,
+                         '{!r} does not start with {!r}'.format(r, starts_with))
+        self.assertEqual(r[-len(ends_with):], ends_with,
+                         '{!r} does not end with {!r}'.format(r, ends_with))
+
+    def test_module_finalization_at_shutdown(self):
+        # Module globals and builtins should still be available during shutdown
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", "from test import final_a")
+        self.assertFalse(err)
+        lines = out.splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(set(lines), {
+            b"x = a",
+            b"x = b",
+            b"final_a.x = a",
+            b"final_b.x = b",
+            b"len = len",
+            b"shutil.rmtree = rmtree"})
 
     # frozen and namespace module reprs are tested in importlib.
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multibytecodec.py b/Lib/test/test_multibytecodec.py
index 6889184cce..ea592c7501 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_multibytecodec.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_multibytecodec.py
@@ -175,57 +175,28 @@ class Test_StreamReader(unittest.TestCase):
             support.unlink(TESTFN)
 
 class Test_StreamWriter(unittest.TestCase):
-    if len('\U00012345') == 2: # UCS2
-        def test_gb18030(self):
-            s= io.BytesIO()
-            c = codecs.getwriter('gb18030')(s)
-            c.write('123')
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123')
-            c.write('\U00012345')
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123\x907\x959')
-            c.write('\U00012345'[0])
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123\x907\x959')
-            c.write('\U00012345'[1] + '\U00012345' + '\uac00\u00ac')
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
-                    b'123\x907\x959\x907\x959\x907\x959\x827\xcf5\x810\x851')
-            c.write('\U00012345'[0])
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
-                    b'123\x907\x959\x907\x959\x907\x959\x827\xcf5\x810\x851')
-            self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, c.reset)
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
-                    b'123\x907\x959\x907\x959\x907\x959\x827\xcf5\x810\x851')
-
-        def test_utf_8(self):
-            s= io.BytesIO()
-            c = codecs.getwriter('utf-8')(s)
-            c.write('123')
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123')
-            c.write('\U00012345')
-            self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85')
-
-            # Python utf-8 codec can't buffer surrogate pairs yet.
-            if 0:
-                c.write('\U00012345'[0])
-                self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85')
-                c.write('\U00012345'[1] + '\U00012345' + '\uac00\u00ac')
-                self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
-                    b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85'
-                    b'\xea\xb0\x80\xc2\xac')
-                c.write('\U00012345'[0])
-                self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
-                    b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85'
-                    b'\xea\xb0\x80\xc2\xac')
-                c.reset()
-                self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
-                    b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85'
-                    b'\xea\xb0\x80\xc2\xac\xed\xa0\x88')
-                c.write('\U00012345'[1])
-                self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
-                    b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85\xf0\x92\x8d\x85'
-                    b'\xea\xb0\x80\xc2\xac\xed\xa0\x88\xed\xbd\x85')
-
-    else: # UCS4
-        pass
+    def test_gb18030(self):
+        s= io.BytesIO()
+        c = codecs.getwriter('gb18030')(s)
+        c.write('123')
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123')
+        c.write('\U00012345')
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123\x907\x959')
+        c.write('\uac00\u00ac')
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
+                b'123\x907\x959\x827\xcf5\x810\x851')
+
+    def test_utf_8(self):
+        s= io.BytesIO()
+        c = codecs.getwriter('utf-8')(s)
+        c.write('123')
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123')
+        c.write('\U00012345')
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85')
+        c.write('\uac00\u00ac')
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(),
+            b'123\xf0\x92\x8d\x85'
+            b'\xea\xb0\x80\xc2\xac')
 
     def test_streamwriter_strwrite(self):
         s = io.BytesIO()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_fork.py b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_fork.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2bf4e75644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_fork.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import unittest
+import test._test_multiprocessing
+
+test._test_multiprocessing.install_tests_in_module_dict(globals(), 'fork')
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_forkserver.py b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_forkserver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..193a04a5fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_forkserver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import unittest
+import test._test_multiprocessing
+
+test._test_multiprocessing.install_tests_in_module_dict(globals(), 'forkserver')
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_main_handling.py b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_main_handling.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ea8e7806c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_main_handling.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+# tests __main__ module handling in multiprocessing
+
+import importlib
+import importlib.machinery
+import zipimport
+import unittest
+import sys
+import os
+import os.path
+import py_compile
+
+from test import support
+from test.script_helper import (
+    make_pkg, make_script, make_zip_pkg, make_zip_script,
+    assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure, temp_dir,
+    spawn_python, kill_python)
+
+# Skip tests if _multiprocessing wasn't built.
+_multiprocessing = support.import_module('_multiprocessing')
+# Look up which start methods are available to test
+import multiprocessing
+AVAILABLE_START_METHODS = set(multiprocessing.get_all_start_methods())
+
+verbose = support.verbose
+
+test_source = """\
+# multiprocessing includes all sorts of shenanigans to make __main__
+# attributes accessible in the subprocess in a pickle compatible way.
+
+# We run the "doesn't work in the interactive interpreter" example from
+# the docs to make sure it *does* work from an executed __main__,
+# regardless of the invocation mechanism
+
+import sys
+import time
+from multiprocessing import Pool, set_start_method
+
+# We use this __main__ defined function in the map call below in order to
+# check that multiprocessing in correctly running the unguarded
+# code in child processes and then making it available as __main__
+def f(x):
+    return x*x
+
+# Check explicit relative imports
+if "check_sibling" in __file__:
+    # We're inside a package and not in a __main__.py file
+    # so make sure explicit relative imports work correctly
+    from . import sibling
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    start_method = sys.argv[1]
+    set_start_method(start_method)
+    p = Pool(5)
+    results = []
+    p.map_async(f, [1, 2, 3], callback=results.extend)
+    deadline = time.time() + 10 # up to 10 s to report the results
+    while not results:
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+        if time.time() > deadline:
+            raise RuntimeError("Timed out waiting for results")
+    results.sort()
+    print(start_method, "->", results)
+"""
+
+test_source_main_skipped_in_children = """\
+# __main__.py files have an implied "if __name__ == '__main__'" so
+# multiprocessing should always skip running them in child processes
+
+# This means we can't use __main__ defined functions in child processes,
+# so we just use "int" as a passthrough operation below
+
+if __name__ != "__main__":
+    raise RuntimeError("Should only be called as __main__!")
+
+import sys
+import time
+from multiprocessing import Pool, set_start_method
+
+start_method = sys.argv[1]
+set_start_method(start_method)
+p = Pool(5)
+results = []
+p.map_async(int, [1, 4, 9], callback=results.extend)
+deadline = time.time() + 10 # up to 10 s to report the results
+while not results:
+    time.sleep(0.05)
+    if time.time() > deadline:
+        raise RuntimeError("Timed out waiting for results")
+results.sort()
+print(start_method, "->", results)
+"""
+
+# These helpers were copied from test_cmd_line_script & tweaked a bit...
+
+def _make_test_script(script_dir, script_basename,
+                      source=test_source, omit_suffix=False):
+    to_return = make_script(script_dir, script_basename,
+                            source, omit_suffix)
+    # Hack to check explicit relative imports
+    if script_basename == "check_sibling":
+        make_script(script_dir, "sibling", "")
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()
+    return to_return
+
+def _make_test_zip_pkg(zip_dir, zip_basename, pkg_name, script_basename,
+                       source=test_source, depth=1):
+    to_return = make_zip_pkg(zip_dir, zip_basename, pkg_name, script_basename,
+                             source, depth)
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()
+    return to_return
+
+# There's no easy way to pass the script directory in to get
+# -m to work (avoiding that is the whole point of making
+# directories and zipfiles executable!)
+# So we fake it for testing purposes with a custom launch script
+launch_source = """\
+import sys, os.path, runpy
+sys.path.insert(0, %s)
+runpy._run_module_as_main(%r)
+"""
+
+def _make_launch_script(script_dir, script_basename, module_name, path=None):
+    if path is None:
+        path = "os.path.dirname(__file__)"
+    else:
+        path = repr(path)
+    source = launch_source % (path, module_name)
+    to_return = make_script(script_dir, script_basename, source)
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()
+    return to_return
+
+class MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin():
+    maxDiff = None # Show full tracebacks on subprocess failure
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        if self.start_method not in AVAILABLE_START_METHODS:
+            self.skipTest("%r start method not available" % self.start_method)
+
+    def _check_output(self, script_name, exit_code, out, err):
+        if verbose > 1:
+            print("Output from test script %r:" % script_name)
+            print(out)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(err.decode('utf-8'), '')
+        expected_results = "%s -> [1, 4, 9]" % self.start_method
+        self.assertEqual(out.decode('utf-8').strip(), expected_results)
+
+    def _check_script(self, script_name, *cmd_line_switches):
+        if not __debug__:
+            cmd_line_switches += ('-' + 'O' * sys.flags.optimize,)
+        run_args = cmd_line_switches + (script_name, self.start_method)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(*run_args, __isolated=False)
+        self._check_output(script_name, rc, out, err)
+
+    def test_basic_script(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'script')
+            self._check_script(script_name)
+
+    def test_basic_script_no_suffix(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'script',
+                                            omit_suffix=True)
+            self._check_script(script_name)
+
+    def test_ipython_workaround(self):
+        # Some versions of the IPython launch script are missing the
+        # __name__ = "__main__" guard, and multiprocessing has long had
+        # a workaround for that case
+        # See https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/4698
+        source = test_source_main_skipped_in_children
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'ipython',
+                                            source=source)
+            self._check_script(script_name)
+            script_no_suffix = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'ipython',
+                                                 source=source,
+                                                 omit_suffix=True)
+            self._check_script(script_no_suffix)
+
+    def test_script_compiled(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'script')
+            py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            os.remove(script_name)
+            pyc_file = support.make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
+            self._check_script(pyc_file)
+
+    def test_directory(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            self._check_script(script_dir)
+
+    def test_directory_compiled(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            os.remove(script_name)
+            pyc_file = support.make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
+            self._check_script(script_dir)
+
+    def test_zipfile(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            zip_name, run_name = make_zip_script(script_dir, 'test_zip', script_name)
+            self._check_script(zip_name)
+
+    def test_zipfile_compiled(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            compiled_name = py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            zip_name, run_name = make_zip_script(script_dir, 'test_zip', compiled_name)
+            self._check_script(zip_name)
+
+    def test_module_in_package(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            pkg_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, 'test_pkg')
+            make_pkg(pkg_dir)
+            script_name = _make_test_script(pkg_dir, 'check_sibling')
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch',
+                                              'test_pkg.check_sibling')
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_module_in_package_in_zipfile(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            zip_name, run_name = _make_test_zip_pkg(script_dir, 'test_zip', 'test_pkg', 'script')
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg.script', zip_name)
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_module_in_subpackage_in_zipfile(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            zip_name, run_name = _make_test_zip_pkg(script_dir, 'test_zip', 'test_pkg', 'script', depth=2)
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg.test_pkg.script', zip_name)
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_package(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            pkg_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, 'test_pkg')
+            make_pkg(pkg_dir)
+            script_name = _make_test_script(pkg_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg')
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_package_compiled(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            pkg_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, 'test_pkg')
+            make_pkg(pkg_dir)
+            script_name = _make_test_script(pkg_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            compiled_name = py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            os.remove(script_name)
+            pyc_file = support.make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg')
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+# Test all supported start methods (setupClass skips as appropriate)
+
+class SpawnCmdLineTest(MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    start_method = 'spawn'
+    main_in_children_source = test_source_main_skipped_in_children
+
+class ForkCmdLineTest(MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    start_method = 'fork'
+    main_in_children_source = test_source
+
+class ForkServerCmdLineTest(MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    start_method = 'forkserver'
+    main_in_children_source = test_source_main_skipped_in_children
+
+def tearDownModule():
+    support.reap_children()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_spawn.py b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_spawn.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..334ae9e8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_spawn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import unittest
+import test._test_multiprocessing
+
+test._test_multiprocessing.install_tests_in_module_dict(globals(), 'spawn')
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_namespace_pkgs.py b/Lib/test/test_namespace_pkgs.py
index 7067b12e8f..6639612631 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_namespace_pkgs.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_namespace_pkgs.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-import sys
 import contextlib
-import unittest
+import importlib.abc
+import importlib.machinery
 import os
+import sys
+import types
+import unittest
 
 from test.test_importlib import util
 from test.support import run_unittest
@@ -286,9 +289,5 @@ class ModuleAndNamespacePackageInSameDir(NamespacePackageTest):
         self.assertEqual(a_test.attr, 'in module')
 
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(*NamespacePackageTest.__subclasses__())
-
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_nntplib.py b/Lib/test/test_nntplib.py
index 1d52713f07..71a4ec022b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_nntplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_nntplib.py
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class NetworkedNNTPTestsMixin:
                 return False
             try:
                 server.help()
-            except (socket.error, EOFError):
+            except (OSError, EOFError):
                 return False
             return True
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_normalization.py b/Lib/test/test_normalization.py
index 28ede34cd7..ab2eeb77da 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_normalization.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_normalization.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class NormalizationTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             testdata = open_urlresource(TESTDATAURL, encoding="utf-8",
                                         check=check_version)
-        except (IOError, HTTPException):
+        except (OSError, HTTPException):
             self.skipTest("Could not retrieve " + TESTDATAURL)
         self.addCleanup(testdata.close)
         for line in testdata:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ntpath.py b/Lib/test/test_ntpath.py
index e9e1d715ef..000fc75c20 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ntpath.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ntpath.py
@@ -306,6 +306,40 @@ class TestNtpath(unittest.TestCase):
                     # dialogs (#4804)
                     ntpath.sameopenfile(-1, -1)
 
+    def test_ismount(self):
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("c:\\"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("C:\\"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("c:/"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("C:/"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("\\\\.\\c:\\"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("\\\\.\\C:\\"))
+
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"c:\\"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"C:\\"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"c:/"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"C:/"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"\\\\.\\c:\\"))
+        self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"\\\\.\\C:\\"))
+
+        with support.temp_dir() as d:
+            self.assertFalse(ntpath.ismount(d))
+
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            #
+            # Make sure the current folder isn't the root folder
+            # (or any other volume root). The drive-relative
+            # locations below cannot then refer to mount points
+            #
+            drive, path = ntpath.splitdrive(sys.executable)
+            with support.change_cwd(os.path.dirname(sys.executable)):
+                self.assertFalse(ntpath.ismount(drive.lower()))
+                self.assertFalse(ntpath.ismount(drive.upper()))
+
+            self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("\\\\localhost\\c$"))
+            self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount("\\\\localhost\\c$\\"))
+
+            self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"\\\\localhost\\c$"))
+            self.assertTrue(ntpath.ismount(b"\\\\localhost\\c$\\"))
 
 class NtCommonTest(test_genericpath.CommonTest, unittest.TestCase):
     pathmodule = ntpath
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_openpty.py b/Lib/test/test_openpty.py
index 63843705b1..47851072c1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_openpty.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_openpty.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import os, unittest
 from test.support import run_unittest
 
 if not hasattr(os, "openpty"):
-    raise unittest.SkipTest("No openpty() available.")
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("os.openpty() not available.")
 
 
 class OpenptyTest(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_operator.py b/Lib/test/test_operator.py
index fa608b9a52..ab58a98365 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_operator.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_operator.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-import operator
 import unittest
 
 from test import support
 
+py_operator = support.import_fresh_module('operator', blocked=['_operator'])
+c_operator = support.import_fresh_module('operator', fresh=['_operator'])
+
 class Seq1:
     def __init__(self, lst):
         self.lst = lst
@@ -32,8 +34,9 @@ class Seq2(object):
         return other * self.lst
 
 
-class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+class OperatorTestCase:
     def test_lt(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.lt)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.lt, 1j, 2j)
         self.assertFalse(operator.lt(1, 0))
@@ -44,6 +47,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(operator.lt(1, 2.0))
 
     def test_le(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.le)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.le, 1j, 2j)
         self.assertFalse(operator.le(1, 0))
@@ -54,6 +58,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(operator.le(1, 2.0))
 
     def test_eq(self):
+        operator = self.module
         class C(object):
             def __eq__(self, other):
                 raise SyntaxError
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(operator.eq(1, 2.0))
 
     def test_ne(self):
+        operator = self.module
         class C(object):
             def __ne__(self, other):
                 raise SyntaxError
@@ -80,6 +86,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(operator.ne(1, 2.0))
 
     def test_ge(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.ge)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.ge, 1j, 2j)
         self.assertTrue(operator.ge(1, 0))
@@ -90,6 +97,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(operator.ge(1, 2.0))
 
     def test_gt(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.gt)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.gt, 1j, 2j)
         self.assertTrue(operator.gt(1, 0))
@@ -100,22 +108,26 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(operator.gt(1, 2.0))
 
     def test_abs(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.abs)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.abs, None)
         self.assertEqual(operator.abs(-1), 1)
         self.assertEqual(operator.abs(1), 1)
 
     def test_add(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.add)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.add, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.add(3, 4) == 7)
 
     def test_bitwise_and(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.and_)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.and_, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.and_(0xf, 0xa) == 0xa)
 
     def test_concat(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.concat)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.concat, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.concat('py', 'thon') == 'python')
@@ -125,12 +137,14 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.concat, 13, 29)
 
     def test_countOf(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.countOf)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.countOf, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.countOf([1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4], 3) == 1)
         self.assertTrue(operator.countOf([1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4], 5) == 0)
 
     def test_delitem(self):
+        operator = self.module
         a = [4, 3, 2, 1]
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.delitem, a)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.delitem, a, None)
@@ -138,33 +152,39 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(a == [4, 2, 1])
 
     def test_floordiv(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.floordiv, 5)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.floordiv, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.floordiv(5, 2) == 2)
 
     def test_truediv(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.truediv, 5)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.truediv, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.truediv(5, 2) == 2.5)
 
     def test_getitem(self):
+        operator = self.module
         a = range(10)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.getitem)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.getitem, a, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.getitem(a, 2) == 2)
 
     def test_indexOf(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.indexOf)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.indexOf, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.indexOf([4, 3, 2, 1], 3) == 1)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, operator.indexOf, [4, 3, 2, 1], 0)
 
     def test_invert(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.invert)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.invert, None)
         self.assertEqual(operator.inv(4), -5)
 
     def test_lshift(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.lshift)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.lshift, None, 42)
         self.assertTrue(operator.lshift(5, 1) == 10)
@@ -172,16 +192,19 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, operator.lshift, 2, -1)
 
     def test_mod(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.mod)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.mod, None, 42)
         self.assertTrue(operator.mod(5, 2) == 1)
 
     def test_mul(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.mul)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.mul, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.mul(5, 2) == 10)
 
     def test_neg(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.neg)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.neg, None)
         self.assertEqual(operator.neg(5), -5)
@@ -190,11 +213,13 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(operator.neg(-0), 0)
 
     def test_bitwise_or(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.or_)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.or_, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.or_(0xa, 0x5) == 0xf)
 
     def test_pos(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pos)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pos, None)
         self.assertEqual(operator.pos(5), 5)
@@ -203,14 +228,15 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(operator.pos(-0), 0)
 
     def test_pow(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, None, None)
         self.assertEqual(operator.pow(3,5), 3**5)
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__pow__(3,5), 3**5)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1, 2, 3)
 
     def test_rshift(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.rshift)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.rshift, None, 42)
         self.assertTrue(operator.rshift(5, 1) == 2)
@@ -218,12 +244,14 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, operator.rshift, 2, -1)
 
     def test_contains(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.contains)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.contains, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.contains(range(4), 2))
         self.assertFalse(operator.contains(range(4), 5))
 
     def test_setitem(self):
+        operator = self.module
         a = list(range(3))
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, a)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, a, None, None)
@@ -232,11 +260,13 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(IndexError, operator.setitem, a, 4, 2)
 
     def test_sub(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.sub)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.sub, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.sub(5, 2) == 3)
 
     def test_truth(self):
+        operator = self.module
         class C(object):
             def __bool__(self):
                 raise SyntaxError
@@ -248,11 +278,13 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(operator.truth([]))
 
     def test_bitwise_xor(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.xor)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.xor, None, None)
         self.assertTrue(operator.xor(0xb, 0xc) == 0x7)
 
     def test_is(self):
+        operator = self.module
         a = b = 'xyzpdq'
         c = a[:3] + b[3:]
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.is_)
@@ -260,6 +292,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(operator.is_(a,c))
 
     def test_is_not(self):
+        operator = self.module
         a = b = 'xyzpdq'
         c = a[:3] + b[3:]
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.is_not)
@@ -267,6 +300,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(operator.is_not(a,c))
 
     def test_attrgetter(self):
+        operator = self.module
         class A:
             pass
         a = A()
@@ -316,6 +350,7 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(f(a), ('arthur', 'thomas', 'johnson'))
 
     def test_itemgetter(self):
+        operator = self.module
         a = 'ABCDE'
         f = operator.itemgetter(2)
         self.assertEqual(f(a), 'C')
@@ -350,12 +385,15 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.itemgetter(2, 'x', 5), data)
 
     def test_methodcaller(self):
+        operator = self.module
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.methodcaller)
         class A:
             def foo(self, *args, **kwds):
                 return args[0] + args[1]
             def bar(self, f=42):
                 return f
+            def baz(*args, **kwds):
+                return kwds['name'], kwds['self']
         a = A()
         f = operator.methodcaller('foo')
         self.assertRaises(IndexError, f, a)
@@ -366,8 +404,11 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, f, a, a)
         f = operator.methodcaller('bar', f=5)
         self.assertEqual(f(a), 5)
+        f = operator.methodcaller('baz', name='spam', self='eggs')
+        self.assertEqual(f(a), ('spam', 'eggs'))
 
     def test_inplace(self):
+        operator = self.module
         class C(object):
             def __iadd__     (self, other): return "iadd"
             def __iand__     (self, other): return "iand"
@@ -396,37 +437,48 @@ class OperatorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(operator.itruediv (c, 5), "itruediv")
         self.assertEqual(operator.ixor     (c, 5), "ixor")
         self.assertEqual(operator.iconcat  (c, c), "iadd")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__iadd__     (c, 5), "iadd")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__iand__     (c, 5), "iand")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__ifloordiv__(c, 5), "ifloordiv")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__ilshift__  (c, 5), "ilshift")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__imod__     (c, 5), "imod")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__imul__     (c, 5), "imul")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__ior__      (c, 5), "ior")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__ipow__     (c, 5), "ipow")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__irshift__  (c, 5), "irshift")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__isub__     (c, 5), "isub")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__itruediv__ (c, 5), "itruediv")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__ixor__     (c, 5), "ixor")
-        self.assertEqual(operator.__iconcat__  (c, c), "iadd")
-
-def test_main(verbose=None):
-    import sys
-    test_classes = (
-        OperatorTestCase,
-    )
-
-    support.run_unittest(*test_classes)
-
-    # verify reference counting
-    if verbose and hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):
-        import gc
-        counts = [None] * 5
-        for i in range(len(counts)):
-            support.run_unittest(*test_classes)
-            gc.collect()
-            counts[i] = sys.gettotalrefcount()
-        print(counts)
+
+    def test_length_hint(self):
+        operator = self.module
+        class X(object):
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+
+            def __length_hint__(self):
+                if type(self.value) is type:
+                    raise self.value
+                else:
+                    return self.value
+
+        self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint([], 2), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(iter([1, 2, 3])), 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(X(2)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(X(NotImplemented), 4), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(operator.length_hint(X(TypeError), 12), 12)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            operator.length_hint(X("abc"))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            operator.length_hint(X(-2))
+        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
+            operator.length_hint(X(LookupError))
+
+    def test_dunder_is_original(self):
+        operator = self.module
+
+        names = [name for name in dir(operator) if not name.startswith('_')]
+        for name in names:
+            orig = getattr(operator, name)
+            dunder = getattr(operator, '__' + name.strip('_') + '__', None)
+            if dunder:
+                self.assertIs(dunder, orig)
+
+class PyOperatorTestCase(OperatorTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
+    module = py_operator
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(c_operator, 'requires _operator')
+class COperatorTestCase(OperatorTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
+    module = c_operator
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main(verbose=True)
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_optparse.py b/Lib/test/test_optparse.py
index eaee504ac8..3c8c6124a2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_optparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_optparse.py
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ class TestStandard(BaseTest):
     def test_short_and_long_option_split(self):
         self.assertParseOK(["-a", "xyz", "--foo", "bar"],
                            {'a': 'xyz', 'boo': None, 'foo': ["bar"]},
-                           []),
+                           [])
 
     def test_short_option_split_long_option_append(self):
         self.assertParseOK(["--foo=bar", "-b", "123", "--foo", "baz"],
@@ -740,15 +740,15 @@ class TestStandard(BaseTest):
     def test_short_option_split_one_positional_arg(self):
         self.assertParseOK(["-a", "foo", "bar"],
                            {'a': "foo", 'boo': None, 'foo': None},
-                           ["bar"]),
+                           ["bar"])
 
     def test_short_option_consumes_separator(self):
         self.assertParseOK(["-a", "--", "foo", "bar"],
                            {'a': "--", 'boo': None, 'foo': None},
-                           ["foo", "bar"]),
+                           ["foo", "bar"])
         self.assertParseOK(["-a", "--", "--foo", "bar"],
                            {'a': "--", 'boo': None, 'foo': ["bar"]},
-                           []),
+                           [])
 
     def test_short_option_joined_and_separator(self):
         self.assertParseOK(["-ab", "--", "--foo", "bar"],
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
index d70a0aeaf8..50240939d8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_os.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ import itertools
 import stat
 import locale
 import codecs
+import decimal
+import fractions
+import pickle
 try:
     import threading
 except ImportError:
@@ -32,6 +35,10 @@ try:
     import resource
 except ImportError:
     resource = None
+try:
+    import fcntl
+except ImportError:
+    fcntl = None
 
 from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 
@@ -256,6 +263,13 @@ class StatAttributeTests(unittest.TestCase):
             warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
             self.check_stat_attributes(fname)
 
+    def test_stat_result_pickle(self):
+        result = os.stat(self.fname)
+        p = pickle.dumps(result)
+        self.assertIn(b'\x03cos\nstat_result\n', p)
+        unpickled = pickle.loads(p)
+        self.assertEqual(result, unpickled)
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'statvfs'), 'test needs os.statvfs()')
     def test_statvfs_attributes(self):
         try:
@@ -263,7 +277,7 @@ class StatAttributeTests(unittest.TestCase):
         except OSError as e:
             # On AtheOS, glibc always returns ENOSYS
             if e.errno == errno.ENOSYS:
-                self.skipTest('glibc always returns ENOSYS on AtheOS')
+                self.skipTest('os.statvfs() failed with ENOSYS')
 
         # Make sure direct access works
         self.assertEqual(result.f_bfree, result[3])
@@ -300,6 +314,21 @@ class StatAttributeTests(unittest.TestCase):
         except TypeError:
             pass
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'statvfs'),
+                         "need os.statvfs()")
+    def test_statvfs_result_pickle(self):
+        try:
+            result = os.statvfs(self.fname)
+        except OSError as e:
+            # On AtheOS, glibc always returns ENOSYS
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOSYS:
+                self.skipTest('os.statvfs() failed with ENOSYS')
+
+        p = pickle.dumps(result)
+        self.assertIn(b'\x03cos\nstatvfs_result\n', p)
+        unpickled = pickle.loads(p)
+        self.assertEqual(result, unpickled)
+
     def test_utime_dir(self):
         delta = 1000000
         st = os.stat(support.TESTFN)
@@ -478,9 +507,9 @@ class StatAttributeTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Verify that an open file can be stat'ed
         try:
             os.stat(r"c:\pagefile.sys")
-        except WindowsError as e:
-            if e.errno == 2: # file does not exist; cannot run test
-                self.skipTest(r'c:\pagefile.sys does not exist')
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self.skipTest(r'c:\pagefile.sys does not exist')
+        except OSError as e:
             self.fail("Could not stat pagefile.sys")
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32 specific tests")
@@ -876,6 +905,17 @@ class MakedirTests(unittest.TestCase):
         os.makedirs(path, mode=mode, exist_ok=True)
         os.umask(old_mask)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'chown'), 'test needs os.chown')
+    def test_chown_uid_gid_arguments_must_be_index(self):
+        stat = os.stat(support.TESTFN)
+        uid = stat.st_uid
+        gid = stat.st_gid
+        for value in (-1.0, -1j, decimal.Decimal(-1), fractions.Fraction(-2, 2)):
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, os.chown, support.TESTFN, value, gid)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, os.chown, support.TESTFN, uid, value)
+        self.assertIsNone(os.chown(support.TESTFN, uid, gid))
+        self.assertIsNone(os.chown(support.TESTFN, -1, -1))
+
     def test_exist_ok_s_isgid_directory(self):
         path = os.path.join(support.TESTFN, 'dir1')
         S_ISGID = stat.S_ISGID
@@ -1133,27 +1173,27 @@ class ExecTests(unittest.TestCase):
 @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32 specific tests")
 class Win32ErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_rename(self):
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, os.rename, support.TESTFN, support.TESTFN+".bak")
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, os.rename, support.TESTFN, support.TESTFN+".bak")
 
     def test_remove(self):
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, os.remove, support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, os.remove, support.TESTFN)
 
     def test_chdir(self):
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, os.chdir, support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, os.chdir, support.TESTFN)
 
     def test_mkdir(self):
         f = open(support.TESTFN, "w")
         try:
-            self.assertRaises(WindowsError, os.mkdir, support.TESTFN)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, os.mkdir, support.TESTFN)
         finally:
             f.close()
             os.unlink(support.TESTFN)
 
     def test_utime(self):
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, os.utime, support.TESTFN, None)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, os.utime, support.TESTFN, None)
 
     def test_chmod(self):
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, os.chmod, support.TESTFN, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, os.chmod, support.TESTFN, 0)
 
 class TestInvalidFD(unittest.TestCase):
     singles = ["fchdir", "dup", "fdopen", "fdatasync", "fstat",
@@ -1287,41 +1327,57 @@ class PosixUidGidTests(unittest.TestCase):
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'setuid'), 'test needs os.setuid()')
     def test_setuid(self):
         if os.getuid() != 0:
-            self.assertRaises(os.error, os.setuid, 0)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, os.setuid, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.setuid, 1<<32)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'setgid'), 'test needs os.setgid()')
     def test_setgid(self):
         if os.getuid() != 0 and not HAVE_WHEEL_GROUP:
-            self.assertRaises(os.error, os.setgid, 0)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, os.setgid, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.setgid, 1<<32)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'seteuid'), 'test needs os.seteuid()')
     def test_seteuid(self):
         if os.getuid() != 0:
-            self.assertRaises(os.error, os.seteuid, 0)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, os.seteuid, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.seteuid, 1<<32)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'setegid'), 'test needs os.setegid()')
     def test_setegid(self):
         if os.getuid() != 0 and not HAVE_WHEEL_GROUP:
-            self.assertRaises(os.error, os.setegid, 0)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, os.setegid, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.setegid, 1<<32)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'setreuid'), 'test needs os.setreuid()')
     def test_setreuid(self):
         if os.getuid() != 0:
-            self.assertRaises(os.error, os.setreuid, 0, 0)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, os.setreuid, 0, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.setreuid, 1<<32, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.setreuid, 0, 1<<32)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'setreuid'), 'test needs os.setreuid()')
+    def test_setreuid_neg1(self):
+        # Needs to accept -1.  We run this in a subprocess to avoid
+        # altering the test runner's process state (issue8045).
+        subprocess.check_call([
+                sys.executable, '-c',
+                'import os,sys;os.setreuid(-1,-1);sys.exit(0)'])
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'setregid'), 'test needs os.setregid()')
     def test_setregid(self):
         if os.getuid() != 0 and not HAVE_WHEEL_GROUP:
-            self.assertRaises(os.error, os.setregid, 0, 0)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, os.setregid, 0, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.setregid, 1<<32, 0)
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, os.setregid, 0, 1<<32)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'setregid'), 'test needs os.setregid()')
+    def test_setregid_neg1(self):
+        # Needs to accept -1.  We run this in a subprocess to avoid
+        # altering the test runner's process state (issue8045).
+        subprocess.check_call([
+                sys.executable, '-c',
+                'import os,sys;os.setregid(-1,-1);sys.exit(0)'])
+
 @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Posix specific tests")
 class Pep383Tests(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
@@ -1511,6 +1567,52 @@ class Win32KillTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32 specific tests")
+class Win32ListdirTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test listdir on Windows."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.created_paths = []
+        for i in range(2):
+            dir_name = 'SUB%d' % i
+            dir_path = os.path.join(support.TESTFN, dir_name)
+            file_name = 'FILE%d' % i
+            file_path = os.path.join(support.TESTFN, file_name)
+            os.makedirs(dir_path)
+            with open(file_path, 'w') as f:
+                f.write("I'm %s and proud of it. Blame test_os.\n" % file_path)
+            self.created_paths.extend([dir_name, file_name])
+        self.created_paths.sort()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        shutil.rmtree(support.TESTFN)
+
+    def test_listdir_no_extended_path(self):
+        """Test when the path is not an "extended" path."""
+        # unicode
+        self.assertEqual(
+                sorted(os.listdir(support.TESTFN)),
+                self.created_paths)
+        # bytes
+        self.assertEqual(
+                sorted(os.listdir(os.fsencode(support.TESTFN))),
+                [os.fsencode(path) for path in self.created_paths])
+
+    def test_listdir_extended_path(self):
+        """Test when the path starts with '\\\\?\\'."""
+        # See: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath
+        # unicode
+        path = '\\\\?\\' + os.path.abspath(support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                sorted(os.listdir(path)),
+                self.created_paths)
+        # bytes
+        path = b'\\\\?\\' + os.fsencode(os.path.abspath(support.TESTFN))
+        self.assertEqual(
+                sorted(os.listdir(path)),
+                [os.fsencode(path) for path in self.created_paths])
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32 specific tests")
 @support.skip_unless_symlink
 class Win32SymlinkTests(unittest.TestCase):
     filelink = 'filelinktest'
@@ -2175,6 +2277,197 @@ class TermsizeTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
 
 
+class OSErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class Str(str):
+            pass
+
+        self.bytes_filenames = []
+        self.unicode_filenames = []
+        if support.TESTFN_UNENCODABLE is not None:
+            decoded = support.TESTFN_UNENCODABLE
+        else:
+            decoded = support.TESTFN
+        self.unicode_filenames.append(decoded)
+        self.unicode_filenames.append(Str(decoded))
+        if support.TESTFN_UNDECODABLE is not None:
+            encoded = support.TESTFN_UNDECODABLE
+        else:
+            encoded = os.fsencode(support.TESTFN)
+        self.bytes_filenames.append(encoded)
+        self.bytes_filenames.append(memoryview(encoded))
+
+        self.filenames = self.bytes_filenames + self.unicode_filenames
+
+    def test_oserror_filename(self):
+        funcs = [
+            (self.filenames, os.chdir,),
+            (self.filenames, os.chmod, 0o777),
+            (self.filenames, os.lstat,),
+            (self.filenames, os.open, os.O_RDONLY),
+            (self.filenames, os.rmdir,),
+            (self.filenames, os.stat,),
+            (self.filenames, os.unlink,),
+        ]
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            funcs.extend((
+                (self.bytes_filenames, os.rename, b"dst"),
+                (self.bytes_filenames, os.replace, b"dst"),
+                (self.unicode_filenames, os.rename, "dst"),
+                (self.unicode_filenames, os.replace, "dst"),
+                # Issue #16414: Don't test undecodable names with listdir()
+                # because of a Windows bug.
+                #
+                # With the ANSI code page 932, os.listdir(b'\xe7') return an
+                # empty list (instead of failing), whereas os.listdir(b'\xff')
+                # raises a FileNotFoundError. It looks like a Windows bug:
+                # b'\xe7' directory does not exist, FindFirstFileA(b'\xe7')
+                # fails with ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND (2), instead of
+                # ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND (3).
+                (self.unicode_filenames, os.listdir,),
+            ))
+        else:
+            funcs.extend((
+                (self.filenames, os.listdir,),
+                (self.filenames, os.rename, "dst"),
+                (self.filenames, os.replace, "dst"),
+            ))
+        if hasattr(os, "chown"):
+            funcs.append((self.filenames, os.chown, 0, 0))
+        if hasattr(os, "lchown"):
+            funcs.append((self.filenames, os.lchown, 0, 0))
+        if hasattr(os, "truncate"):
+            funcs.append((self.filenames, os.truncate, 0))
+        if hasattr(os, "chflags"):
+            funcs.append((self.filenames, os.chflags, 0))
+        if hasattr(os, "lchflags"):
+            funcs.append((self.filenames, os.lchflags, 0))
+        if hasattr(os, "chroot"):
+            funcs.append((self.filenames, os.chroot,))
+        if hasattr(os, "link"):
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                funcs.append((self.bytes_filenames, os.link, b"dst"))
+                funcs.append((self.unicode_filenames, os.link, "dst"))
+            else:
+                funcs.append((self.filenames, os.link, "dst"))
+        if hasattr(os, "listxattr"):
+            funcs.extend((
+                (self.filenames, os.listxattr,),
+                (self.filenames, os.getxattr, "user.test"),
+                (self.filenames, os.setxattr, "user.test", b'user'),
+                (self.filenames, os.removexattr, "user.test"),
+            ))
+        if hasattr(os, "lchmod"):
+            funcs.append((self.filenames, os.lchmod, 0o777))
+        if hasattr(os, "readlink"):
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                funcs.append((self.unicode_filenames, os.readlink,))
+            else:
+                funcs.append((self.filenames, os.readlink,))
+
+        for filenames, func, *func_args in funcs:
+            for name in filenames:
+                try:
+                    func(name, *func_args)
+                except OSError as err:
+                    self.assertIs(err.filename, name)
+                else:
+                    self.fail("No exception thrown by {}".format(func))
+
+class CPUCountTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_cpu_count(self):
+        cpus = os.cpu_count()
+        if cpus is not None:
+            self.assertIsInstance(cpus, int)
+            self.assertGreater(cpus, 0)
+        else:
+            self.skipTest("Could not determine the number of CPUs")
+
+
+class FDInheritanceTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_get_set_inheritable(self):
+        fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd), False)
+
+        os.set_inheritable(fd, True)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd), True)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(fcntl is None, "need fcntl")
+    def test_get_inheritable_cloexec(self):
+        fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd), False)
+
+        # clear FD_CLOEXEC flag
+        flags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD)
+        flags &= ~fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC
+        fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFD, flags)
+
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd), True)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(fcntl is None, "need fcntl")
+    def test_set_inheritable_cloexec(self):
+        fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD) & fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC,
+                         fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)
+
+        os.set_inheritable(fd, True)
+        self.assertEqual(fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD) & fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC,
+                         0)
+
+    def test_open(self):
+        fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd), False)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'pipe'), "need os.pipe()")
+    def test_pipe(self):
+        rfd, wfd = os.pipe()
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, rfd)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, wfd)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(rfd), False)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(wfd), False)
+
+    def test_dup(self):
+        fd1 = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, fd1)
+
+        fd2 = os.dup(fd1)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, fd2)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd2), False)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'dup2'), "need os.dup2()")
+    def test_dup2(self):
+        fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, fd)
+
+        # inheritable by default
+        fd2 = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        try:
+            os.dup2(fd, fd2)
+            self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd2), True)
+        finally:
+            os.close(fd2)
+
+        # force non-inheritable
+        fd3 = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY)
+        try:
+            os.dup2(fd, fd3, inheritable=False)
+            self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(fd3), False)
+        finally:
+            os.close(fd3)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'openpty'), "need os.openpty()")
+    def test_openpty(self):
+        master_fd, slave_fd = os.openpty()
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, master_fd)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, slave_fd)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(master_fd), False)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(slave_fd), False)
+
+
 @support.reap_threads
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(
@@ -2192,6 +2485,7 @@ def test_main():
         PosixUidGidTests,
         Pep383Tests,
         Win32KillTests,
+        Win32ListdirTests,
         Win32SymlinkTests,
         NonLocalSymlinkTests,
         FSEncodingTests,
@@ -2204,7 +2498,10 @@ def test_main():
         ExtendedAttributeTests,
         Win32DeprecatedBytesAPI,
         TermsizeTests,
+        OSErrorTests,
         RemoveDirsTests,
+        CPUCountTests,
+        FDInheritanceTests,
     )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ossaudiodev.py b/Lib/test/test_ossaudiodev.py
index 3908a0506e..c9e2a24767 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ossaudiodev.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ossaudiodev.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class OSSAudioDevTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def play_sound_file(self, data, rate, ssize, nchannels):
         try:
             dsp = ossaudiodev.open('w')
-        except IOError as msg:
+        except OSError as msg:
             if msg.args[0] in (errno.EACCES, errno.ENOENT,
                                errno.ENODEV, errno.EBUSY):
                 raise unittest.SkipTest(msg)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class OSSAudioDevTests(unittest.TestCase):
 def test_main():
     try:
         dsp = ossaudiodev.open('w')
-    except (ossaudiodev.error, IOError) as msg:
+    except (ossaudiodev.error, OSError) as msg:
         if msg.args[0] in (errno.EACCES, errno.ENOENT,
                            errno.ENODEV, errno.EBUSY):
             raise unittest.SkipTest(msg)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py b/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2268f94a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1840 @@
+import collections
+import io
+import os
+import errno
+import pathlib
+import pickle
+import shutil
+import socket
+import stat
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from test import support
+TESTFN = support.TESTFN
+
+try:
+    import grp, pwd
+except ImportError:
+    grp = pwd = None
+
+
+class _BaseFlavourTest(object):
+
+    def _check_parse_parts(self, arg, expected):
+        f = self.flavour.parse_parts
+        sep = self.flavour.sep
+        altsep = self.flavour.altsep
+        actual = f([x.replace('/', sep) for x in arg])
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        if altsep:
+            actual = f([x.replace('/', altsep) for x in arg])
+            self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_parse_parts_common(self):
+        check = self._check_parse_parts
+        sep = self.flavour.sep
+        # Unanchored parts
+        check([],                   ('', '', []))
+        check(['a'],                ('', '', ['a']))
+        check(['a/'],               ('', '', ['a']))
+        check(['a', 'b'],           ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        # Expansion
+        check(['a/b'],              ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        check(['a/b/'],             ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        check(['a', 'b/c', 'd'],    ('', '', ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        # Collapsing and stripping excess slashes
+        check(['a', 'b//c', 'd'],   ('', '', ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        check(['a', 'b/c/', 'd'],   ('', '', ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        # Eliminating standalone dots
+        check(['.'],                ('', '', []))
+        check(['.', '.', 'b'],      ('', '', ['b']))
+        check(['a', '.', 'b'],      ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        check(['a', '.', '.'],      ('', '', ['a']))
+        # The first part is anchored
+        check(['/a/b'],             ('', sep, [sep, 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['/a', 'b'],          ('', sep, [sep, 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['/a/', 'b'],         ('', sep, [sep, 'a', 'b']))
+        # Ignoring parts before an anchored part
+        check(['a', '/b', 'c'],     ('', sep, [sep, 'b', 'c']))
+        check(['a', '/b', '/c'],    ('', sep, [sep, 'c']))
+
+
+class PosixFlavourTest(_BaseFlavourTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    flavour = pathlib._posix_flavour
+
+    def test_parse_parts(self):
+        check = self._check_parse_parts
+        # Collapsing of excess leading slashes, except for the double-slash
+        # special case.
+        check(['//a', 'b'],             ('', '//', ['//', 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['///a', 'b'],            ('', '/', ['/', 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['////a', 'b'],           ('', '/', ['/', 'a', 'b']))
+        # Paths which look like NT paths aren't treated specially
+        check(['c:a'],                  ('', '', ['c:a']))
+        check(['c:\\a'],                ('', '', ['c:\\a']))
+        check(['\\a'],                  ('', '', ['\\a']))
+
+    def test_splitroot(self):
+        f = self.flavour.splitroot
+        self.assertEqual(f(''), ('', '', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a'), ('', '', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a/b'), ('', '', 'a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a/b/'), ('', '', 'a/b/'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('/a'), ('', '/', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('/a/b'), ('', '/', 'a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('/a/b/'), ('', '/', 'a/b/'))
+        # The root is collapsed when there are redundant slashes
+        # except when there are exactly two leading slashes, which
+        # is a special case in POSIX.
+        self.assertEqual(f('//a'), ('', '//', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('///a'), ('', '/', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('///a/b'), ('', '/', 'a/b'))
+        # Paths which look like NT paths aren't treated specially
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:/a/b'), ('', '', 'c:/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\/a/b'), ('', '', '\\/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\a\\b'), ('', '', '\\a\\b'))
+
+
+class NTFlavourTest(_BaseFlavourTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    flavour = pathlib._windows_flavour
+
+    def test_parse_parts(self):
+        check = self._check_parse_parts
+        # First part is anchored
+        check(['c:'],                   ('c:', '', ['c:']))
+        check(['c:\\'],                 ('c:', '\\', ['c:\\']))
+        check(['\\'],                   ('', '\\', ['\\']))
+        check(['c:a'],                  ('c:', '', ['c:', 'a']))
+        check(['c:\\a'],                ('c:', '\\', ['c:\\', 'a']))
+        check(['\\a'],                  ('', '\\', ['\\', 'a']))
+        # UNC paths
+        check(['\\\\a\\b'],             ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ['\\\\a\\b\\']))
+        check(['\\\\a\\b\\'],           ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ['\\\\a\\b\\']))
+        check(['\\\\a\\b\\c'],          ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ['\\\\a\\b\\', 'c']))
+        # Second part is anchored, so that the first part is ignored
+        check(['a', 'Z:b', 'c'],        ('Z:', '', ['Z:', 'b', 'c']))
+        check(['a', 'Z:\\b', 'c'],      ('Z:', '\\', ['Z:\\', 'b', 'c']))
+        check(['a', '\\b', 'c'],        ('', '\\', ['\\', 'b', 'c']))
+        # UNC paths
+        check(['a', '\\\\b\\c', 'd'],   ('\\\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\b\\c\\', 'd']))
+        # Collapsing and stripping excess slashes
+        check(['a', 'Z:\\\\b\\\\c\\', 'd\\'], ('Z:', '\\', ['Z:\\', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        # UNC paths
+        check(['a', '\\\\b\\c\\\\', 'd'], ('\\\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\b\\c\\', 'd']))
+        # Extended paths
+        check(['\\\\?\\c:\\'],          ('\\\\?\\c:', '\\', ['\\\\?\\c:\\']))
+        check(['\\\\?\\c:\\a'],         ('\\\\?\\c:', '\\', ['\\\\?\\c:\\', 'a']))
+        # Extended UNC paths (format is "\\?\UNC\server\share")
+        check(['\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c'],     ('\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c\\']))
+        check(['\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c\\d'],  ('\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c\\', 'd']))
+
+    def test_splitroot(self):
+        f = self.flavour.splitroot
+        self.assertEqual(f(''), ('', '', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a'), ('', '', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a\\b'), ('', '', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\a'), ('', '\\', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\a\\b'), ('', '\\', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:a\\b'), ('c:', '', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:\\a\\b'), ('c:', '\\', 'a\\b'))
+        # Redundant slashes in the root are collapsed
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a'), ('', '\\', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\\\a/b'), ('', '\\', 'a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:\\\\a'), ('c:', '\\', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:\\\\\\a/b'), ('c:', '\\', 'a/b'))
+        # Valid UNC paths
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a\\b'), ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a\\b\\'), ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a\\b\\c\\d'), ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', 'c\\d'))
+        # These are non-UNC paths (according to ntpath.py and test_ntpath)
+        # However, command.com says such paths are invalid, so it's
+        # difficult to know what the right semantics are
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\\\a\\b'), ('', '\\', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a'), ('', '\\', 'a'))
+
+
+#
+# Tests for the pure classes
+#
+
+class _BasePurePathTest(object):
+
+    # keys are canonical paths, values are list of tuples of arguments
+    # supposed to produce equal paths
+    equivalences = {
+        'a/b': [
+            ('a', 'b'), ('a/', 'b'), ('a', 'b/'), ('a/', 'b/'),
+            ('a/b/',), ('a//b',), ('a//b//',),
+            # empty components get removed
+            ('', 'a', 'b'), ('a', '', 'b'), ('a', 'b', ''),
+            ],
+        '/b/c/d': [
+            ('a', '/b/c', 'd'), ('a', '///b//c', 'd/'),
+            ('/a', '/b/c', 'd'),
+            # empty components get removed
+            ('/', 'b', '', 'c/d'), ('/', '', 'b/c/d'), ('', '/b/c/d'),
+            ],
+    }
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        p = self.cls('a')
+        self.flavour = p._flavour
+        self.sep = self.flavour.sep
+        self.altsep = self.flavour.altsep
+
+    def test_constructor_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a')
+        self.assertIsInstance(p, P)
+        P('a', 'b', 'c')
+        P('/a', 'b', 'c')
+        P('a/b/c')
+        P('/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(P(P('a')), P('a'))
+        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), 'b'), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), P('b')), P('a/b'))
+
+    def test_join_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        pp = p.joinpath('c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        self.assertIs(type(pp), type(p))
+        pp = p.joinpath('c', 'd')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c/d'))
+        pp = p.joinpath(P('c'))
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('/c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+    def test_div_common(self):
+        # Basically the same as joinpath()
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        pp = p / 'c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        self.assertIs(type(pp), type(p))
+        pp = p / 'c/d'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c/d'))
+        pp = p / 'c' / 'd'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c/d'))
+        pp = 'c' / p / 'd'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('c/a/b/d'))
+        pp = p / P('c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        pp = p/ '/c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+    def _check_str(self, expected, args):
+        p = self.cls(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), expected.replace('/', self.sep))
+
+    def test_str_common(self):
+        # Canonicalized paths roundtrip
+        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
+            self._check_str(pathstr, (pathstr,))
+        # Special case for the empty path
+        self._check_str('.', ('',))
+        # Other tests for str() are in test_equivalences()
+
+    def test_as_posix_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
+            self.assertEqual(P(pathstr).as_posix(), pathstr)
+        # Other tests for as_posix() are in test_equivalences()
+
+    def test_as_bytes_common(self):
+        sep = os.fsencode(self.sep)
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(P('a/b')), b'a' + sep + b'b')
+
+    def test_as_uri_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P('a').as_uri()
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P().as_uri()
+
+    def test_repr_common(self):
+        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
+            p = self.cls(pathstr)
+            clsname = p.__class__.__name__
+            r = repr(p)
+            # The repr() is in the form ClassName("forward-slashes path")
+            self.assertTrue(r.startswith(clsname + '('), r)
+            self.assertTrue(r.endswith(')'), r)
+            inner = r[len(clsname) + 1 : -1]
+            self.assertEqual(eval(inner), p.as_posix())
+            # The repr() roundtrips
+            q = eval(r, pathlib.__dict__)
+            self.assertIs(q.__class__, p.__class__)
+            self.assertEqual(q, p)
+            self.assertEqual(repr(q), r)
+
+    def test_eq_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b'), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b'), P('a', 'b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P('a'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P('/a/b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P())
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a/b'), P('/'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), P('/'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), "")
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), {})
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), int)
+
+    def test_match_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a').match, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a').match, '.')
+        # Simple relative pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('b.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('a/b.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('a.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b/py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py/c').match('b.py'))
+        # Wilcard relative pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('b.py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('a/b.py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b.py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.pyc').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b./py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py/c').match('*.py'))
+        # Multi-part relative pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('ab/c.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('/d/ab/c.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('a.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/dab/c.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('ab/c.py/d').match('a*/*.py'))
+        # Absolute pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('a/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        # Multi-part absolute pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b.py').match('/a/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/ab.py').match('/a/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a/b/c.py').match('/a/*.py'))
+
+    def test_ordering_common(self):
+        # Ordering is tuple-alike
+        def assertLess(a, b):
+            self.assertLess(a, b)
+            self.assertGreater(b, a)
+        P = self.cls
+        a = P('a')
+        b = P('a/b')
+        c = P('abc')
+        d = P('b')
+        assertLess(a, b)
+        assertLess(a, c)
+        assertLess(a, d)
+        assertLess(b, c)
+        assertLess(c, d)
+        P = self.cls
+        a = P('/a')
+        b = P('/a/b')
+        c = P('/abc')
+        d = P('/b')
+        assertLess(a, b)
+        assertLess(a, c)
+        assertLess(a, d)
+        assertLess(b, c)
+        assertLess(c, d)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            P() < {}
+
+    def test_parts_common(self):
+        # `parts` returns a tuple
+        sep = self.sep
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('a', 'b'))
+        # The object gets reused
+        self.assertIs(parts, p.parts)
+        # When the path is absolute, the anchor is a separate part
+        p = P('/a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, (sep, 'a', 'b'))
+
+    def test_equivalences(self):
+        for k, tuples in self.equivalences.items():
+            canon = k.replace('/', self.sep)
+            posix = k.replace(self.sep, '/')
+            if canon != posix:
+                tuples = tuples + [
+                    tuple(part.replace('/', self.sep) for part in t)
+                    for t in tuples
+                    ]
+                tuples.append((posix, ))
+            pcanon = self.cls(canon)
+            for t in tuples:
+                p = self.cls(*t)
+                self.assertEqual(p, pcanon, "failed with args {}".format(t))
+                self.assertEqual(hash(p), hash(pcanon))
+                self.assertEqual(str(p), canon)
+                self.assertEqual(p.as_posix(), posix)
+
+    def test_parent_common(self):
+        # Relative
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P())
+        # Anchored
+        p = P('/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('/'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('/'))
+
+    def test_parents_common(self):
+        # Relative
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b/c')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[2], P('.'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('a/b'), P('a'), P('.')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[-1]
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[3]
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            par[0] = p
+        # Anchored
+        p = P('/a/b/c')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[2], P('/'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('/a/b'), P('/a'), P('/')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[3]
+
+    def test_drive_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').drive, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').drive, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('').drive, '')
+
+    def test_root_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        sep = self.sep
+        self.assertEqual(P('').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').root, sep)
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').root, sep)
+
+    def test_anchor_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        sep = self.sep
+        self.assertEqual(P('').anchor, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').anchor, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').anchor, sep)
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').anchor, sep)
+
+    def test_name_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b/.').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+
+    def test_suffix_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('..').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b/.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+
+    def test_suffixes_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b/.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+
+    def test_stem_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('..').stem, '..')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hgrc').stem, '.hgrc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hg.rc').stem, '.hg')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.tar.gz').stem, 'b.tar')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').stem,
+                         'Some name. Ending with a dot.')
+
+    def test_with_name_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').with_name('d.xml'), P('a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').with_name('d.xml'), P('/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('.').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('/').with_name, 'd.xml')
+
+    def test_with_suffix_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('/a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('/a/b.gz'))
+        # Path doesn't have a "filename" component
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('.').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('/').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        # Invalid suffix
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, 'gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '/')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '/.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, 'c/d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '.c/.d')
+
+    def test_relative_to_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p.relative_to)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p.relative_to, b'a')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P()), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(''), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('a')), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a/'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('a/b')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a/b'), P())
+        # With several args
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a', 'b'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('a/b/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('a/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/a'))
+        p = P('/a/b')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('/')), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/'), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('/a')), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/a'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/a/'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('/a/b')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/a/b'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/a/b/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/a/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('a'))
+
+    def test_pickling_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('/a/b')
+        for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            dumped = pickle.dumps(p, proto)
+            pp = pickle.loads(dumped)
+            self.assertIs(pp.__class__, p.__class__)
+            self.assertEqual(pp, p)
+            self.assertEqual(hash(pp), hash(p))
+            self.assertEqual(str(pp), str(p))
+
+
+class PurePosixPathTest(_BasePurePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PurePosixPath
+
+    def test_root(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').root, '/')
+        self.assertEqual(P('///a/b').root, '/')
+        # POSIX special case for two leading slashes
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').root, '//')
+
+    def test_eq(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P('A/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a'), P('///a'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a'), P('//a'))
+
+    def test_as_uri(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').as_uri(), 'file:///')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.c').as_uri(), 'file:///a/b.c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b%#c').as_uri(), 'file:///a/b%25%23c')
+
+    def test_as_uri_non_ascii(self):
+        from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
+        P = self.cls
+        try:
+            os.fsencode('\xe9')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            self.skipTest("\\xe9 cannot be encoded to the filesystem encoding")
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b\xe9').as_uri(),
+                         'file:///a/b' + quote_from_bytes(os.fsencode('\xe9')))
+
+    def test_match(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertFalse(P('A.py').match('a.PY'))
+
+    def test_is_absolute(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertFalse(P().is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b').is_absolute())
+
+    def test_is_reserved(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertIs(False, P('').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/foo/bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/dev/con/PRN/NUL').is_reserved())
+
+    def test_join(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('//a')
+        pp = p.joinpath('b')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//a/b'))
+        pp = P('/a').joinpath('//c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//c'))
+        pp = P('//a').joinpath('/c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        # Basically the same as joinpath()
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('//a')
+        pp = p / 'b'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//a/b'))
+        pp = P('/a') / '//c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//c'))
+        pp = P('//a') / '/c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+
+class PureWindowsPathTest(_BasePurePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PureWindowsPath
+
+    equivalences = _BasePurePathTest.equivalences.copy()
+    equivalences.update({
+        'c:a': [ ('c:', 'a'), ('c:', 'a/'), ('/', 'c:', 'a') ],
+        'c:/a': [
+            ('c:/', 'a'), ('c:', '/', 'a'), ('c:', '/a'),
+            ('/z', 'c:/', 'a'), ('//x/y', 'c:/', 'a'),
+            ],
+        '//a/b/': [ ('//a/b',) ],
+        '//a/b/c': [
+            ('//a/b', 'c'), ('//a/b/', 'c'),
+            ],
+    })
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        p = self.cls('a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), 'a\\b\\c')
+        p = self.cls('c:/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), 'c:\\a\\b\\c')
+        p = self.cls('//a/b')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\')
+        p = self.cls('//a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\c')
+        p = self.cls('//a/b/c/d')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\c\\d')
+
+    def test_eq(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:', 'a', 'b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('d:a/b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:/a/b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a/b'), P('c:/a/b'))
+        # Case-insensitivity
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/B'), P('A/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('C:a/B'), P('c:A/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('//Some/SHARE/a/B'), P('//somE/share/A/b'))
+
+    def test_as_uri(self):
+        from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
+        P = self.cls
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P('/a/b').as_uri()
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P('c:a/b').as_uri()
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.c').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b.c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b%#c').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b%25%23c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b\xe9').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b%C3%A9')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/').as_uri(), 'file://some/share/')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/a/b.c').as_uri(),
+                         'file://some/share/a/b.c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/a/b%#c\xe9').as_uri(),
+                         'file://some/share/a/b%25%23c%C3%A9')
+
+    def test_match_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        # Absolute patterns
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('c:*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('d:/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))  # wrong drive
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('c:*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/b.py').match('c:*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        # UNC patterns
+        self.assertTrue(P('//some/share/a.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('//some/share/a.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('//other/share/a.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('//some/share/a/b.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
+        # Case-insensitivity
+        self.assertTrue(P('B.py').match('b.PY'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a/B.Py').match('C:/A/*.pY'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('//Some/Share/B.Py').match('//somE/sharE/*.pY'))
+
+    def test_ordering_common(self):
+        # Case-insensitivity
+        def assertOrderedEqual(a, b):
+            self.assertLessEqual(a, b)
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(b, a)
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('c:A/b')
+        q = P('C:a/B')
+        assertOrderedEqual(p, q)
+        self.assertFalse(p < q)
+        self.assertFalse(p > q)
+        p = P('//some/Share/A/b')
+        q = P('//Some/SHARE/a/B')
+        assertOrderedEqual(p, q)
+        self.assertFalse(p < q)
+        self.assertFalse(p > q)
+
+    def test_parts(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('c:a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('c:', 'a', 'b'))
+        p = P('c:/a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('c:\\', 'a', 'b'))
+        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('\\\\a\\b\\', 'c', 'd'))
+
+    def test_parent(self):
+        # Anchored
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('z:a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('z:a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('z:a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('z:'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('z:'))
+        p = P('z:/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('z:/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('z:/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('z:/'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('z:/'))
+        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('//a/b/c'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('//a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('//a/b'))
+
+    def test_parents(self):
+        # Anchored
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('z:a/b/')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('z:a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('z:'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('z:a'), P('z:')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[2]
+        p = P('z:/a/b/')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('z:/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('z:/'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('z:/a'), P('z:/')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[2]
+        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('//a/b/c'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('//a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('//a/b/c'), P('//a/b')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[2]
+
+    def test_drive(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
+
+    def test_root(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').root, '\\')
+
+    def test_anchor(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').anchor, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').anchor, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').anchor, 'c:\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').anchor, 'c:\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
+
+    def test_name(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').name, 'b')
+
+    def test_suffix(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').suffix, '')
+
+    def test_suffixes(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+
+    def test_stem(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:.').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:..').stem, '..')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').stem, '.hgrc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').stem, '.hg')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').stem, 'b.tar')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').stem,
+                         'Some name. Ending with a dot.')
+
+    def test_with_name(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:/').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('//My/Share').with_name, 'd.xml')
+
+    def test_with_suffix(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:/a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:/a/b.gz'))
+        # Path doesn't have a "filename" component
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('.').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('/').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('//My/Share').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        # Invalid suffix
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '/')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '\\')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c:')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '/.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '\\.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c:.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c/d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c\\d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '.c/d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '.c\\d')
+
+    def test_relative_to(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('C:Foo/Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:')), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO')), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO/baR')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/baR'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo/Bar/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo/Baz'))
+        p = P('C:/Foo/Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:')), P('/Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:'), P('/Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(p.relative_to(P('c:'))), '\\Foo\\Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p.relative_to('c:')), '\\Foo\\Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/')), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO')), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO/baR')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/baR'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo/Bar/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:/'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//C/Foo'))
+        # UNC paths
+        p = P('//Server/Share/Foo/Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare')), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo')), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Server/Share/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c:/Server/Share/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//z/Share/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//Server/z/Foo'))
+
+    def test_is_absolute(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        # Under NT, only paths with both a drive and a root are absolute
+        self.assertFalse(P().is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a/b/').is_absolute())
+        # UNC paths are absolute by definition
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/c').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/c/d').is_absolute())
+
+    def test_join(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('C:/a/b')
+        pp = p.joinpath('x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/x/y'))
+        # Joining with a different drive => the first path is ignored, even
+        # if the second path is relative.
+        pp = p.joinpath('D:x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('D:x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('D:/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('D:/x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('//host/share/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//host/share/x/y'))
+        # Joining with the same drive => the first path is appended to if
+        # the second path is relative.
+        pp = p.joinpath('c:x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('c:/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/x/y'))
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        # Basically the same as joinpath()
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('C:/a/b')
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'x/y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'x' / 'y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / '/x/y', P('C:/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / '/x' / 'y', P('C:/x/y'))
+        # Joining with a different drive => the first path is ignored, even
+        # if the second path is relative.
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:x/y', P('D:x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:' / 'x/y', P('D:x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:/x/y', P('D:/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:' / '/x/y', P('D:/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / '//host/share/x/y', P('//host/share/x/y'))
+        # Joining with the same drive => the first path is appended to if
+        # the second path is relative.
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'c:x/y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'c:/x/y', P('C:/x/y'))
+
+    def test_is_reserved(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertIs(False, P('').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/foo/bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('con').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('NUL').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('NUL.txt').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('com1').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('com9.bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('bar.com9').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('lpt1').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('lpt9.bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('bar.lpt9').is_reserved())
+        # Only the last component matters
+        self.assertIs(False, P('c:/NUL/con/baz').is_reserved())
+        # UNC paths are never reserved
+        self.assertIs(False, P('//my/share/nul/con/aux').is_reserved())
+
+
+class PurePathTest(_BasePurePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PurePath
+
+    def test_concrete_class(self):
+        p = self.cls('a')
+        self.assertIs(type(p),
+            pathlib.PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else pathlib.PurePosixPath)
+
+    def test_different_flavours_unequal(self):
+        p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('a')
+        q = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('a')
+        self.assertNotEqual(p, q)
+
+    def test_different_flavours_unordered(self):
+        p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('a')
+        q = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('a')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p < q
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p <= q
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p > q
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p >= q
+
+
+#
+# Tests for the concrete classes
+#
+
+# Make sure any symbolic links in the base test path are resolved
+BASE = os.path.realpath(TESTFN)
+join = lambda *x: os.path.join(BASE, *x)
+rel_join = lambda *x: os.path.join(TESTFN, *x)
+
+def symlink_skip_reason():
+    if not pathlib.supports_symlinks:
+        return "no system support for symlinks"
+    try:
+        os.symlink(__file__, BASE)
+    except OSError as e:
+        return str(e)
+    else:
+        support.unlink(BASE)
+    return None
+
+symlink_skip_reason = symlink_skip_reason()
+
+only_nt = unittest.skipIf(os.name != 'nt',
+                          'test requires a Windows-compatible system')
+only_posix = unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt',
+                             'test requires a POSIX-compatible system')
+with_symlinks = unittest.skipIf(symlink_skip_reason, symlink_skip_reason)
+
+
+@only_posix
+class PosixPathAsPureTest(PurePosixPathTest):
+    cls = pathlib.PosixPath
+
+@only_nt
+class WindowsPathAsPureTest(PureWindowsPathTest):
+    cls = pathlib.WindowsPath
+
+
+class _BasePathTest(object):
+    """Tests for the FS-accessing functionalities of the Path classes."""
+
+    # (BASE)
+    #  |
+    #  |-- dirA/
+    #       |-- linkC -> "../dirB"
+    #  |-- dirB/
+    #  |    |-- fileB
+    #       |-- linkD -> "../dirB"
+    #  |-- dirC/
+    #  |    |-- fileC
+    #  |    |-- fileD
+    #  |-- fileA
+    #  |-- linkA -> "fileA"
+    #  |-- linkB -> "dirB"
+    #
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        os.mkdir(BASE)
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, BASE)
+        os.mkdir(join('dirA'))
+        os.mkdir(join('dirB'))
+        os.mkdir(join('dirC'))
+        os.mkdir(join('dirC', 'dirD'))
+        with open(join('fileA'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file A\n")
+        with open(join('dirB', 'fileB'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file B\n")
+        with open(join('dirC', 'fileC'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file C\n")
+        with open(join('dirC', 'dirD', 'fileD'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file D\n")
+        if not symlink_skip_reason:
+            # Relative symlinks
+            os.symlink('fileA', join('linkA'))
+            os.symlink('non-existing', join('brokenLink'))
+            self.dirlink('dirB', join('linkB'))
+            self.dirlink(os.path.join('..', 'dirB'), join('dirA', 'linkC'))
+            # This one goes upwards but doesn't create a loop
+            self.dirlink(os.path.join('..', 'dirB'), join('dirB', 'linkD'))
+
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        # Workaround for http://bugs.python.org/issue13772
+        def dirlink(self, src, dest):
+            os.symlink(src, dest, target_is_directory=True)
+    else:
+        def dirlink(self, src, dest):
+            os.symlink(src, dest)
+
+    def assertSame(self, path_a, path_b):
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.samefile(str(path_a), str(path_b)),
+                        "%r and %r don't point to the same file" %
+                        (path_a, path_b))
+
+    def assertFileNotFound(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError) as cm:
+            func(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
+
+    def _test_cwd(self, p):
+        q = self.cls(os.getcwd())
+        self.assertEqual(p, q)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), str(q))
+        self.assertIs(type(p), type(q))
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_absolute())
+
+    def test_cwd(self):
+        p = self.cls.cwd()
+        self._test_cwd(p)
+
+    def test_empty_path(self):
+        # The empty path points to '.'
+        p = self.cls('')
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat(), os.stat('.'))
+
+    def test_exists(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        self.assertIs(True, p.exists())
+        self.assertIs(True, (p / 'dirA').exists())
+        self.assertIs(True, (p / 'fileA').exists())
+        if not symlink_skip_reason:
+            self.assertIs(True, (p / 'linkA').exists())
+            self.assertIs(True, (p / 'linkB').exists())
+        self.assertIs(False, (p / 'foo').exists())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/xyzzy').exists())
+
+    def test_open_common(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        with (p / 'fileA').open('r') as f:
+            self.assertIsInstance(f, io.TextIOBase)
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), "this is file A\n")
+        with (p / 'fileA').open('rb') as f:
+            self.assertIsInstance(f, io.BufferedIOBase)
+            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")
+        with (p / 'fileA').open('rb', buffering=0) as f:
+            self.assertIsInstance(f, io.RawIOBase)
+            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")
+
+    def test_iterdir(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        it = p.iterdir()
+        paths = set(it)
+        expected = ['dirA', 'dirB', 'dirC', 'fileA']
+        if not symlink_skip_reason:
+            expected += ['linkA', 'linkB', 'brokenLink']
+        self.assertEqual(paths, { P(BASE, q) for q in expected })
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_iterdir_symlink(self):
+        # __iter__ on a symlink to a directory
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, 'linkB')
+        paths = set(p.iterdir())
+        expected = { P(BASE, 'linkB', q) for q in ['fileB', 'linkD'] }
+        self.assertEqual(paths, expected)
+
+    def test_iterdir_nodir(self):
+        # __iter__ on something that is not a directory
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'fileA')
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            next(p.iterdir())
+        # ENOENT or EINVAL under Windows, ENOTDIR otherwise
+        # (see issue #12802)
+        self.assertIn(cm.exception.errno, (errno.ENOTDIR,
+                                           errno.ENOENT, errno.EINVAL))
+
+    def test_glob_common(self):
+        def _check(glob, expected):
+            self.assertEqual(set(glob), { P(BASE, q) for q in expected })
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        it = p.glob("fileA")
+        self.assertIsInstance(it, collections.Iterator)
+        _check(it, ["fileA"])
+        _check(p.glob("fileB"), [])
+        _check(p.glob("dir*/file*"), ["dirB/fileB", "dirC/fileC"])
+        if symlink_skip_reason:
+            _check(p.glob("*A"), ['dirA', 'fileA'])
+        else:
+            _check(p.glob("*A"), ['dirA', 'fileA', 'linkA'])
+        if symlink_skip_reason:
+            _check(p.glob("*B/*"), ['dirB/fileB'])
+        else:
+            _check(p.glob("*B/*"), ['dirB/fileB', 'dirB/linkD',
+                                    'linkB/fileB', 'linkB/linkD'])
+        if symlink_skip_reason:
+            _check(p.glob("*/fileB"), ['dirB/fileB'])
+        else:
+            _check(p.glob("*/fileB"), ['dirB/fileB', 'linkB/fileB'])
+
+    def test_rglob_common(self):
+        def _check(glob, expected):
+            self.assertEqual(set(glob), { P(BASE, q) for q in expected })
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        it = p.rglob("fileA")
+        self.assertIsInstance(it, collections.Iterator)
+        # XXX cannot test because of symlink loops in the test setup
+        #_check(it, ["fileA"])
+        #_check(p.rglob("fileB"), ["dirB/fileB"])
+        #_check(p.rglob("*/fileA"), [""])
+        #_check(p.rglob("*/fileB"), ["dirB/fileB"])
+        #_check(p.rglob("file*"), ["fileA", "dirB/fileB"])
+        # No symlink loops here
+        p = P(BASE, "dirC")
+        _check(p.rglob("file*"), ["dirC/fileC", "dirC/dirD/fileD"])
+        _check(p.rglob("*/*"), ["dirC/dirD/fileD"])
+
+    def test_glob_dotdot(self):
+        # ".." is not special in globs
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("..")), { P(BASE, "..") })
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("dirA/../file*")), { P(BASE, "dirA/../fileA") })
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("../xyzzy")), set())
+
+    def _check_resolve_relative(self, p, expected):
+        q = p.resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(q, expected)
+
+    def _check_resolve_absolute(self, p, expected):
+        q = p.resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(q, expected)
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_resolve_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, 'foo')
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            p.resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
+        # These are all relative symlinks
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, p)
+        p = P(BASE, 'linkA')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'fileA'))
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkC', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB'))
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirB', 'linkD', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB'))
+        # Now create absolute symlinks
+        d = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='-dirD')
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, d)
+        os.symlink(os.path.join(d), join('dirA', 'linkX'))
+        os.symlink(join('dirB'), os.path.join(d, 'linkY'))
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkX', 'linkY', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_absolute(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB'))
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_resolve_dot(self):
+        # See https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/9/pathresolve-fails-on-complex-symlinks
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.dirlink('.', join('0'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('0', '0'), join('1'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('1', '1'), join('2'))
+        q = p / '2'
+        self.assertEqual(q.resolve(), p)
+
+    def test_with(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        it = p.iterdir()
+        it2 = p.iterdir()
+        next(it2)
+        with p:
+            pass
+        # I/O operation on closed path
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, next, it)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, next, it2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.open)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.resolve)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.absolute)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.__enter__)
+
+    def test_chmod(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        mode = p.stat().st_mode
+        # Clear writable bit
+        new_mode = mode & ~0o222
+        p.chmod(new_mode)
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode, new_mode)
+        # Set writable bit
+        new_mode = mode | 0o222
+        p.chmod(new_mode)
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode, new_mode)
+
+    # XXX also need a test for lchmod
+
+    def test_stat(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        st = p.stat()
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat(), st)
+        # Change file mode by flipping write bit
+        p.chmod(st.st_mode ^ 0o222)
+        self.addCleanup(p.chmod, st.st_mode)
+        self.assertNotEqual(p.stat(), st)
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_lstat(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE)/ 'linkA'
+        st = p.stat()
+        self.assertNotEqual(st, p.lstat())
+
+    def test_lstat_nosymlink(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        st = p.stat()
+        self.assertEqual(st, p.lstat())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pwd, "the pwd module is needed for this test")
+    def test_owner(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        uid = p.stat().st_uid
+        try:
+            name = pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name
+        except KeyError:
+            self.skipTest(
+                "user %d doesn't have an entry in the system database" % uid)
+        self.assertEqual(name, p.owner())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(grp, "the grp module is needed for this test")
+    def test_group(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        gid = p.stat().st_gid
+        try:
+            name = grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
+        except KeyError:
+            self.skipTest(
+                "group %d doesn't have an entry in the system database" % gid)
+        self.assertEqual(name, p.group())
+
+    def test_unlink(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        p.unlink()
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+
+    def test_rmdir(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'dirA'
+        for q in p.iterdir():
+            q.unlink()
+        p.rmdir()
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+
+    def test_rename(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'fileA'
+        size = p.stat().st_size
+        # Renaming to another path
+        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
+        p.rename(q)
+        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        # Renaming to a str of a relative path
+        r = rel_join('fileAAA')
+        q.rename(r)
+        self.assertEqual(os.stat(r).st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(q.stat)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'fileA'
+        size = p.stat().st_size
+        # Replacing a non-existing path
+        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
+        p.replace(q)
+        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        # Replacing another (existing) path
+        r = rel_join('dirB', 'fileB')
+        q.replace(r)
+        self.assertEqual(os.stat(r).st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(q.stat)
+
+    def test_touch_common(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'newfileA'
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        p.touch()
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        st = p.stat()
+        old_mtime = st.st_mtime
+        old_mtime_ns = st.st_mtime_ns
+        # Rewind the mtime sufficiently far in the past to work around
+        # filesystem-specific timestamp granularity.
+        os.utime(str(p), (old_mtime - 10, old_mtime - 10))
+        # The file mtime should be refreshed by calling touch() again
+        p.touch()
+        st = p.stat()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(st.st_mtime_ns, old_mtime_ns)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(st.st_mtime, old_mtime)
+        # Now with exist_ok=False
+        p = P / 'newfileB'
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        p.touch(mode=0o700, exist_ok=False)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, p.touch, exist_ok=False)
+
+    def test_touch_nochange(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'fileA'
+        p.touch()
+        with p.open('rb') as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")
+
+    def test_mkdir(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'newdirA'
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        p.mkdir()
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            p.mkdir()
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
+
+    def test_mkdir_parents(self):
+        # Creating a chain of directories
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'newdirB', 'newdirC')
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            p.mkdir()
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
+        p.mkdir(parents=True)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            p.mkdir(parents=True)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
+        # test `mode` arg
+        mode = stat.S_IMODE(p.stat().st_mode) # default mode
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'newdirD', 'newdirE')
+        p.mkdir(0o555, parents=True)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            # the directory's permissions follow the mode argument
+            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(p.stat().st_mode), 0o7555 & mode)
+        # the parent's permissions follow the default process settings
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(p.parent.stat().st_mode), mode)
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_symlink_to(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        target = P / 'fileA'
+        # Symlinking a path target
+        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAA'
+        link.symlink_to(target)
+        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
+        # Symlinking a str target
+        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAAA'
+        link.symlink_to(str(target))
+        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertFalse(link.is_dir())
+        # Symlinking to a directory
+        target = P / 'dirB'
+        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAAAA'
+        link.symlink_to(target, target_is_directory=True)
+        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertTrue(link.is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(list(link.iterdir()))
+
+    def test_is_dir(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertTrue((P / 'dirA').is_dir())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_dir())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_dir())
+        if not symlink_skip_reason:
+            self.assertFalse((P / 'linkA').is_dir())
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkB').is_dir())
+            self.assertFalse((P/ 'brokenLink').is_dir())
+
+    def test_is_file(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertTrue((P / 'fileA').is_file())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_file())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_file())
+        if not symlink_skip_reason:
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkA').is_file())
+            self.assertFalse((P / 'linkB').is_file())
+            self.assertFalse((P/ 'brokenLink').is_file())
+
+    def test_is_symlink(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_symlink())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_symlink())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_symlink())
+        if not symlink_skip_reason:
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkA').is_symlink())
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkB').is_symlink())
+            self.assertTrue((P/ 'brokenLink').is_symlink())
+
+    def test_is_fifo_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_fifo())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "mkfifo"), "os.mkfifo() required")
+    def test_is_fifo_true(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE, 'myfifo')
+        os.mkfifo(str(P))
+        self.assertTrue(P.is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
+
+    def test_is_socket_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_socket())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"), "Unix sockets required")
+    def test_is_socket_true(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE, 'mysock')
+        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        self.addCleanup(sock.close)
+        try:
+            sock.bind(str(P))
+        except OSError as e:
+            if "AF_UNIX path too long" in str(e):
+                self.skipTest("cannot bind Unix socket: " + str(e))
+        self.assertTrue(P.is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
+
+    def test_is_block_device_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_block_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_block_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_block_device())
+
+    def test_is_char_device_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_char_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_char_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_char_device())
+
+    def test_is_char_device_true(self):
+        # Under Unix, /dev/null should generally be a char device
+        P = self.cls('/dev/null')
+        if not P.exists():
+            self.skipTest("/dev/null required")
+        self.assertTrue(P.is_char_device())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_block_device())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
+
+    def test_pickling_common(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'fileA')
+        for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            dumped = pickle.dumps(p, proto)
+            pp = pickle.loads(dumped)
+            self.assertEqual(pp.stat(), p.stat())
+
+    def test_parts_interning(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('/usr/bin/foo')
+        q = P('/usr/local/bin')
+        # 'usr'
+        self.assertIs(p.parts[1], q.parts[1])
+        # 'bin'
+        self.assertIs(p.parts[2], q.parts[3])
+
+    def _check_complex_symlinks(self, link0_target):
+        # Test solving a non-looping chain of symlinks (issue #19887)
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('link0', 'link0'), join('link1'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('link1', 'link1'), join('link2'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('link2', 'link2'), join('link3'))
+        self.dirlink(link0_target, join('link0'))
+
+        # Resolve absolute paths
+        p = (P / 'link0').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        p = (P / 'link1').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        p = (P / 'link2').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        p = (P / 'link3').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+
+        # Resolve relative paths
+        old_path = os.getcwd()
+        os.chdir(BASE)
+        try:
+            p = self.cls('link0').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+            p = self.cls('link1').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+            p = self.cls('link2').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+            p = self.cls('link3').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(old_path)
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_complex_symlinks_absolute(self):
+        self._check_complex_symlinks(BASE)
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_complex_symlinks_relative(self):
+        self._check_complex_symlinks('.')
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_complex_symlinks_relative_dot_dot(self):
+        self._check_complex_symlinks(os.path.join('dirA', '..'))
+
+
+class PathTest(_BasePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.Path
+
+    def test_concrete_class(self):
+        p = self.cls('a')
+        self.assertIs(type(p),
+            pathlib.WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else pathlib.PosixPath)
+
+    def test_unsupported_flavour(self):
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, pathlib.PosixPath)
+        else:
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, pathlib.WindowsPath)
+
+
+@only_posix
+class PosixPathTest(_BasePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PosixPath
+
+    def _check_symlink_loop(self, *args):
+        path = self.cls(*args)
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            print(path.resolve())
+
+    def test_open_mode(self):
+        old_mask = os.umask(0)
+        self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        with (p / 'new_file').open('wb'):
+            pass
+        st = os.stat(join('new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
+        os.umask(0o022)
+        with (p / 'other_new_file').open('wb'):
+            pass
+        st = os.stat(join('other_new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)
+
+    def test_touch_mode(self):
+        old_mask = os.umask(0)
+        self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        (p / 'new_file').touch()
+        st = os.stat(join('new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
+        os.umask(0o022)
+        (p / 'other_new_file').touch()
+        st = os.stat(join('other_new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)
+        (p / 'masked_new_file').touch(mode=0o750)
+        st = os.stat(join('masked_new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o750)
+
+    @with_symlinks
+    def test_resolve_loop(self):
+        # Loop detection for broken symlinks under POSIX
+        P = self.cls
+        # Loops with relative symlinks
+        os.symlink('linkX/inside', join('linkX'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkX')
+        os.symlink('linkY', join('linkY'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkY')
+        os.symlink('linkZ/../linkZ', join('linkZ'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkZ')
+        # Loops with absolute symlinks
+        os.symlink(join('linkU/inside'), join('linkU'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkU')
+        os.symlink(join('linkV'), join('linkV'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkV')
+        os.symlink(join('linkW/../linkW'), join('linkW'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkW')
+
+    def test_glob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        given = set(p.glob("FILEa"))
+        expect = set() if not support.fs_is_case_insensitive(BASE) else given
+        self.assertEqual(given, expect)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("FILEa*")), set())
+
+    def test_rglob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, "dirC")
+        given = set(p.rglob("FILEd"))
+        expect = set() if not support.fs_is_case_insensitive(BASE) else given
+        self.assertEqual(given, expect)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.rglob("FILEd*")), set())
+
+
+@only_nt
+class WindowsPathTest(_BasePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.WindowsPath
+
+    def test_glob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("FILEa")), { P(BASE, "fileA") })
+
+    def test_rglob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, "dirC")
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.rglob("FILEd")), { P(BASE, "dirC/dirD/fileD") })
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pdb.py b/Lib/test/test_pdb.py
index 03084e4d12..74253b338f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pdb.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pdb.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # A test suite for pdb; not very comprehensive at the moment.
 
 import doctest
-import imp
 import pdb
 import sys
+import types
 import unittest
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
@@ -205,7 +205,8 @@ def test_pdb_breakpoint_commands():
     ...     'enable 1',
     ...     'clear 1',
     ...     'commands 2',
-    ...     'print 42',
+    ...     'p "42"',
+    ...     'print("42", 7*6)',     # Issue 18764 (not about breakpoints)
     ...     'end',
     ...     'continue',  # will stop at breakpoint 2 (line 4)
     ...     'clear',     # clear all!
@@ -252,11 +253,13 @@ def test_pdb_breakpoint_commands():
     (Pdb) clear 1
     Deleted breakpoint 1 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_commands[0]>:3
     (Pdb) commands 2
-    (com) print 42
+    (com) p "42"
+    (com) print("42", 7*6)
     (com) end
     (Pdb) continue
     1
-    42
+    '42'
+    42 42
     > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_breakpoint_commands[0]>(4)test_function()
     -> print(2)
     (Pdb) clear
@@ -464,7 +467,7 @@ def test_pdb_skip_modules():
 
 
 # Module for testing skipping of module that makes a callback
-mod = imp.new_module('module_to_skip')
+mod = types.ModuleType('module_to_skip')
 exec('def foo_pony(callback): x = 1; callback(); return None', mod.__dict__)
 
 
@@ -597,6 +600,311 @@ def test_pdb_run_with_code_object():
     (Pdb) continue
     """
 
+def test_next_until_return_at_return_event():
+    """Test that pdb stops after a next/until/return issued at a return debug event.
+
+    >>> def test_function_2():
+    ...     x = 1
+    ...     x = 2
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True).set_trace()
+    ...     test_function_2()
+    ...     test_function_2()
+    ...     test_function_2()
+    ...     end = 1
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput(['break test_function_2',
+    ...                    'continue',
+    ...                    'return',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'continue',
+    ...                    'return',
+    ...                    'until',
+    ...                    'continue',
+    ...                    'return',
+    ...                    'return',
+    ...                    'continue']):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[1]>(3)test_function()
+    -> test_function_2()
+    (Pdb) break test_function_2
+    Breakpoint 1 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[0]>:1
+    (Pdb) continue
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[0]>(2)test_function_2()
+    -> x = 1
+    (Pdb) return
+    --Return--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[0]>(3)test_function_2()->None
+    -> x = 2
+    (Pdb) next
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[1]>(4)test_function()
+    -> test_function_2()
+    (Pdb) continue
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[0]>(2)test_function_2()
+    -> x = 1
+    (Pdb) return
+    --Return--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[0]>(3)test_function_2()->None
+    -> x = 2
+    (Pdb) until
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[1]>(5)test_function()
+    -> test_function_2()
+    (Pdb) continue
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[0]>(2)test_function_2()
+    -> x = 1
+    (Pdb) return
+    --Return--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[0]>(3)test_function_2()->None
+    -> x = 2
+    (Pdb) return
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_next_until_return_at_return_event[1]>(6)test_function()
+    -> end = 1
+    (Pdb) continue
+    """
+
+def test_pdb_next_command_for_generator():
+    """Testing skip unwindng stack on yield for generators for "next" command
+
+    >>> def test_gen():
+    ...     yield 0
+    ...     return 1
+    ...     yield 2
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True).set_trace()
+    ...     it = test_gen()
+    ...     try:
+    ...         assert next(it) == 0
+    ...         next(it)
+    ...     except StopIteration as ex:
+    ...         assert ex.value == 1
+    ...     print("finished")
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput(['step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'continue']):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[1]>(3)test_function()
+    -> it = test_gen()
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[1]>(4)test_function()
+    -> try:
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[1]>(5)test_function()
+    -> assert next(it) == 0
+    (Pdb) step
+    --Call--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[0]>(1)test_gen()
+    -> def test_gen():
+    (Pdb) next
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[0]>(2)test_gen()
+    -> yield 0
+    (Pdb) next
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[0]>(3)test_gen()
+    -> return 1
+    (Pdb) step
+    --Return--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[0]>(3)test_gen()->1
+    -> return 1
+    (Pdb) step
+    StopIteration: 1
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_for_generator[1]>(6)test_function()
+    -> next(it)
+    (Pdb) continue
+    finished
+    """
+
+def test_pdb_return_command_for_generator():
+    """Testing no unwindng stack on yield for generators
+       for "return" command
+
+    >>> def test_gen():
+    ...     yield 0
+    ...     return 1
+    ...     yield 2
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True).set_trace()
+    ...     it = test_gen()
+    ...     try:
+    ...         assert next(it) == 0
+    ...         next(it)
+    ...     except StopIteration as ex:
+    ...         assert ex.value == 1
+    ...     print("finished")
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput(['step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'return',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'continue']):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_return_command_for_generator[1]>(3)test_function()
+    -> it = test_gen()
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_return_command_for_generator[1]>(4)test_function()
+    -> try:
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_return_command_for_generator[1]>(5)test_function()
+    -> assert next(it) == 0
+    (Pdb) step
+    --Call--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_return_command_for_generator[0]>(1)test_gen()
+    -> def test_gen():
+    (Pdb) return
+    StopIteration: 1
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_return_command_for_generator[1]>(6)test_function()
+    -> next(it)
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_return_command_for_generator[1]>(7)test_function()
+    -> except StopIteration as ex:
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_return_command_for_generator[1]>(8)test_function()
+    -> assert ex.value == 1
+    (Pdb) continue
+    finished
+    """
+
+def test_pdb_until_command_for_generator():
+    """Testing no unwindng stack on yield for generators
+       for "until" command if target breakpoing is not reached
+
+    >>> def test_gen():
+    ...     yield 0
+    ...     yield 1
+    ...     yield 2
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True).set_trace()
+    ...     for i in test_gen():
+    ...         print(i)
+    ...     print("finished")
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput(['step',
+    ...                    'until 4',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'continue']):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_until_command_for_generator[1]>(3)test_function()
+    -> for i in test_gen():
+    (Pdb) step
+    --Call--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_until_command_for_generator[0]>(1)test_gen()
+    -> def test_gen():
+    (Pdb) until 4
+    0
+    1
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_until_command_for_generator[0]>(4)test_gen()
+    -> yield 2
+    (Pdb) step
+    --Return--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_until_command_for_generator[0]>(4)test_gen()->2
+    -> yield 2
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_until_command_for_generator[1]>(4)test_function()
+    -> print(i)
+    (Pdb) continue
+    2
+    finished
+    """
+
+def test_pdb_next_command_in_generator_for_loop():
+    """The next command on returning from a generator controled by a for loop.
+
+    >>> def test_gen():
+    ...     yield 0
+    ...     return 1
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True).set_trace()
+    ...     for i in test_gen():
+    ...         print('value', i)
+    ...     x = 123
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput(['break test_gen',
+    ...                    'continue',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'continue']):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_in_generator_for_loop[1]>(3)test_function()
+    -> for i in test_gen():
+    (Pdb) break test_gen
+    Breakpoint 6 at <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_in_generator_for_loop[0]>:1
+    (Pdb) continue
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_in_generator_for_loop[0]>(2)test_gen()
+    -> yield 0
+    (Pdb) next
+    value 0
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_in_generator_for_loop[0]>(3)test_gen()
+    -> return 1
+    (Pdb) next
+    Internal StopIteration: 1
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_in_generator_for_loop[1]>(3)test_function()
+    -> for i in test_gen():
+    (Pdb) next
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_in_generator_for_loop[1]>(5)test_function()
+    -> x = 123
+    (Pdb) continue
+    """
+
+def test_pdb_next_command_subiterator():
+    """The next command in a generator with a subiterator.
+
+    >>> def test_subgenerator():
+    ...     yield 0
+    ...     return 1
+
+    >>> def test_gen():
+    ...     x = yield from test_subgenerator()
+    ...     return x
+
+    >>> def test_function():
+    ...     import pdb; pdb.Pdb(nosigint=True).set_trace()
+    ...     for i in test_gen():
+    ...         print('value', i)
+    ...     x = 123
+
+    >>> with PdbTestInput(['step',
+    ...                    'step',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'next',
+    ...                    'continue']):
+    ...     test_function()
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_subiterator[2]>(3)test_function()
+    -> for i in test_gen():
+    (Pdb) step
+    --Call--
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_subiterator[1]>(1)test_gen()
+    -> def test_gen():
+    (Pdb) step
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_subiterator[1]>(2)test_gen()
+    -> x = yield from test_subgenerator()
+    (Pdb) next
+    value 0
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_subiterator[1]>(3)test_gen()
+    -> return x
+    (Pdb) next
+    Internal StopIteration: 1
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_subiterator[2]>(3)test_function()
+    -> for i in test_gen():
+    (Pdb) next
+    > <doctest test.test_pdb.test_pdb_next_command_subiterator[2]>(5)test_function()
+    -> x = 123
+    (Pdb) continue
+    """
+
 
 class PdbTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -617,6 +925,36 @@ class PdbTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         stderr = stderr and bytes.decode(stderr)
         return stdout, stderr
 
+    def _assert_find_function(self, file_content, func_name, expected):
+        file_content = textwrap.dedent(file_content)
+
+        with open(support.TESTFN, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(file_content)
+
+        expected = None if not expected else (
+            expected[0], support.TESTFN, expected[1])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            expected, pdb.find_function(func_name, support.TESTFN))
+
+    def test_find_function_empty_file(self):
+        self._assert_find_function('', 'foo', None)
+
+    def test_find_function_found(self):
+        self._assert_find_function(
+            """\
+            def foo():
+                pass
+
+            def bar():
+                pass
+
+            def quux():
+                pass
+            """,
+            'bar',
+            ('bar', 4),
+        )
+
     def test_issue7964(self):
         # open the file as binary so we can force \r\n newline
         with open(support.TESTFN, 'wb') as f:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py b/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py
index 1cacdea569..50257923fe 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_peepholer.py
@@ -5,44 +5,28 @@ from io import StringIO
 import unittest
 from math import copysign
 
-def disassemble(func):
-    f = StringIO()
-    tmp = sys.stdout
-    sys.stdout = f
-    try:
-        dis.dis(func)
-    finally:
-        sys.stdout = tmp
-    result = f.getvalue()
-    f.close()
-    return result
+from test.bytecode_helper import BytecodeTestCase
 
-def dis_single(line):
-    return disassemble(compile(line, '', 'single'))
-
-
-class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestTranforms(BytecodeTestCase):
 
     def test_unot(self):
         # UNARY_NOT POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE  -->  POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE'
         def unot(x):
             if not x == 2:
                 del x
-        asm = disassemble(unot)
-        for elem in ('UNARY_NOT', 'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE'):
-            self.assertNotIn(elem, asm)
-        for elem in ('POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE',):
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm)
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(unot, 'UNARY_NOT')
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(unot, 'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE')
+        self.assertInBytecode(unot, 'POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE')
 
     def test_elim_inversion_of_is_or_in(self):
-        for line, elem in (
-            ('not a is b', '(is not)',),
-            ('not a in b', '(not in)',),
-            ('not a is not b', '(is)',),
-            ('not a not in b', '(in)',),
+        for line, cmp_op in (
+            ('not a is b', 'is not',),
+            ('not a in b', 'not in',),
+            ('not a is not b', 'is',),
+            ('not a not in b', 'in',),
             ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm)
+            code = compile(line, '', 'single')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, 'COMPARE_OP', cmp_op)
 
     def test_global_as_constant(self):
         # LOAD_GLOBAL None/True/False  -->  LOAD_CONST None/True/False
@@ -56,17 +40,14 @@ class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
         def h(x):
             False
             return x
-        for func, name in ((f, 'None'), (g, 'True'), (h, 'False')):
-            asm = disassemble(func)
-            for elem in ('LOAD_GLOBAL',):
-                self.assertNotIn(elem, asm)
-            for elem in ('LOAD_CONST', '('+name+')'):
-                self.assertIn(elem, asm)
+        for func, elem in ((f, None), (g, True), (h, False)):
+            self.assertNotInBytecode(func, 'LOAD_GLOBAL')
+            self.assertInBytecode(func, 'LOAD_CONST', elem)
         def f():
             'Adding a docstring made this test fail in Py2.5.0'
             return None
-        self.assertIn('LOAD_CONST', disassemble(f))
-        self.assertNotIn('LOAD_GLOBAL', disassemble(f))
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'LOAD_GLOBAL')
+        self.assertInBytecode(f, 'LOAD_CONST', None)
 
     def test_while_one(self):
         # Skip over:  LOAD_CONST trueconst  POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE xx
@@ -74,11 +55,10 @@ class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
             while 1:
                 pass
             return list
-        asm = disassemble(f)
         for elem in ('LOAD_CONST', 'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE'):
-            self.assertNotIn(elem, asm)
+            self.assertNotInBytecode(f, elem)
         for elem in ('JUMP_ABSOLUTE',):
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm)
+            self.assertInBytecode(f, elem)
 
     def test_pack_unpack(self):
         for line, elem in (
@@ -86,28 +66,30 @@ class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
             ('a, b = a, b', 'ROT_TWO',),
             ('a, b, c = a, b, c', 'ROT_THREE',),
             ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm)
-            self.assertNotIn('BUILD_TUPLE', asm)
-            self.assertNotIn('UNPACK_TUPLE', asm)
+            code = compile(line,'','single')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, elem)
+            self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'BUILD_TUPLE')
+            self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'UNPACK_TUPLE')
 
     def test_folding_of_tuples_of_constants(self):
         for line, elem in (
-            ('a = 1,2,3', '((1, 2, 3))'),
-            ('("a","b","c")', "(('a', 'b', 'c'))"),
-            ('a,b,c = 1,2,3', '((1, 2, 3))'),
-            ('(None, 1, None)', '((None, 1, None))'),
-            ('((1, 2), 3, 4)', '(((1, 2), 3, 4))'),
+            ('a = 1,2,3', (1, 2, 3)),
+            ('("a","b","c")', ('a', 'b', 'c')),
+            ('a,b,c = 1,2,3', (1, 2, 3)),
+            ('(None, 1, None)', (None, 1, None)),
+            ('((1, 2), 3, 4)', ((1, 2), 3, 4)),
             ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm)
-            self.assertNotIn('BUILD_TUPLE', asm)
+            code = compile(line,'','single')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', elem)
+            self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'BUILD_TUPLE')
 
         # Long tuples should be folded too.
-        asm = dis_single(repr(tuple(range(10000))))
+        code = compile(repr(tuple(range(10000))),'','single')
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'BUILD_TUPLE')
         # One LOAD_CONST for the tuple, one for the None return value
-        self.assertEqual(asm.count('LOAD_CONST'), 2)
-        self.assertNotIn('BUILD_TUPLE', asm)
+        load_consts = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(code)
+                              if instr.opname == 'LOAD_CONST']
+        self.assertEqual(len(load_consts), 2)
 
         # Bug 1053819:  Tuple of constants misidentified when presented with:
         # . . . opcode_with_arg 100   unary_opcode   BUILD_TUPLE 1  . . .
@@ -129,14 +111,14 @@ class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_folding_of_lists_of_constants(self):
         for line, elem in (
             # in/not in constants with BUILD_LIST should be folded to a tuple:
-            ('a in [1,2,3]', '(1, 2, 3)'),
-            ('a not in ["a","b","c"]', "(('a', 'b', 'c'))"),
-            ('a in [None, 1, None]', '((None, 1, None))'),
-            ('a not in [(1, 2), 3, 4]', '(((1, 2), 3, 4))'),
+            ('a in [1,2,3]', (1, 2, 3)),
+            ('a not in ["a","b","c"]', ('a', 'b', 'c')),
+            ('a in [None, 1, None]', (None, 1, None)),
+            ('a not in [(1, 2), 3, 4]', ((1, 2), 3, 4)),
             ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm)
-            self.assertNotIn('BUILD_LIST', asm)
+            code = compile(line, '', 'single')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', elem)
+            self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'BUILD_LIST')
 
     def test_folding_of_sets_of_constants(self):
         for line, elem in (
@@ -147,18 +129,9 @@ class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
             ('a not in {(1, 2), 3, 4}', frozenset({(1, 2), 3, 4})),
             ('a in {1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1}', frozenset({1, 2, 3})),
             ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertNotIn('BUILD_SET', asm)
-
-            # Verify that the frozenset 'elem' is in the disassembly
-            # The ordering of the elements in repr( frozenset ) isn't
-            # guaranteed, so we jump through some hoops to ensure that we have
-            # the frozenset we expect:
-            self.assertIn('frozenset', asm)
-            # Extract the frozenset literal from the disassembly:
-            m = re.match(r'.*(frozenset\({.*}\)).*', asm, re.DOTALL)
-            self.assertTrue(m)
-            self.assertEqual(eval(m.group(1)), elem)
+            code = compile(line, '', 'single')
+            self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'BUILD_SET')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', elem)
 
         # Ensure that the resulting code actually works:
         def f(a):
@@ -176,98 +149,103 @@ class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_folding_of_binops_on_constants(self):
         for line, elem in (
-            ('a = 2+3+4', '(9)'),                   # chained fold
-            ('"@"*4', "('@@@@')"),                  # check string ops
-            ('a="abc" + "def"', "('abcdef')"),      # check string ops
-            ('a = 3**4', '(81)'),                   # binary power
-            ('a = 3*4', '(12)'),                    # binary multiply
-            ('a = 13//4', '(3)'),                   # binary floor divide
-            ('a = 14%4', '(2)'),                    # binary modulo
-            ('a = 2+3', '(5)'),                     # binary add
-            ('a = 13-4', '(9)'),                    # binary subtract
-            ('a = (12,13)[1]', '(13)'),             # binary subscr
-            ('a = 13 << 2', '(52)'),                # binary lshift
-            ('a = 13 >> 2', '(3)'),                 # binary rshift
-            ('a = 13 & 7', '(5)'),                  # binary and
-            ('a = 13 ^ 7', '(10)'),                 # binary xor
-            ('a = 13 | 7', '(15)'),                 # binary or
+            ('a = 2+3+4', 9),                   # chained fold
+            ('"@"*4', '@@@@'),                  # check string ops
+            ('a="abc" + "def"', 'abcdef'),      # check string ops
+            ('a = 3**4', 81),                   # binary power
+            ('a = 3*4', 12),                    # binary multiply
+            ('a = 13//4', 3),                   # binary floor divide
+            ('a = 14%4', 2),                    # binary modulo
+            ('a = 2+3', 5),                     # binary add
+            ('a = 13-4', 9),                    # binary subtract
+            ('a = (12,13)[1]', 13),             # binary subscr
+            ('a = 13 << 2', 52),                # binary lshift
+            ('a = 13 >> 2', 3),                 # binary rshift
+            ('a = 13 & 7', 5),                  # binary and
+            ('a = 13 ^ 7', 10),                 # binary xor
+            ('a = 13 | 7', 15),                 # binary or
             ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm, asm)
-            self.assertNotIn('BINARY_', asm)
+            code = compile(line, '', 'single')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', elem)
+            for instr in dis.get_instructions(code):
+                self.assertFalse(instr.opname.startswith('BINARY_'))
 
         # Verify that unfoldables are skipped
-        asm = dis_single('a=2+"b"')
-        self.assertIn('(2)', asm)
-        self.assertIn("('b')", asm)
+        code = compile('a=2+"b"', '', 'single')
+        self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', 2)
+        self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', 'b')
 
         # Verify that large sequences do not result from folding
-        asm = dis_single('a="x"*1000')
-        self.assertIn('(1000)', asm)
+        code = compile('a="x"*1000', '', 'single')
+        self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', 1000)
 
     def test_binary_subscr_on_unicode(self):
         # valid code get optimized
-        asm = dis_single('"foo"[0]')
-        self.assertIn("('f')", asm)
-        self.assertNotIn('BINARY_SUBSCR', asm)
-        asm = dis_single('"\u0061\uffff"[1]')
-        self.assertIn("('\\uffff')", asm)
-        self.assertNotIn('BINARY_SUBSCR', asm)
-        asm = dis_single('"\U00012345abcdef"[3]')
-        self.assertIn("('c')", asm)
-        self.assertNotIn('BINARY_SUBSCR', asm)
+        code = compile('"foo"[0]', '', 'single')
+        self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', 'f')
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'BINARY_SUBSCR')
+        code = compile('"\u0061\uffff"[1]', '', 'single')
+        self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', '\uffff')
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(code,'BINARY_SUBSCR')
+
+        # With PEP 393, non-BMP char get optimized
+        code = compile('"\U00012345"[0]', '', 'single')
+        self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', '\U00012345')
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(code, 'BINARY_SUBSCR')
 
         # invalid code doesn't get optimized
         # out of range
-        asm = dis_single('"fuu"[10]')
-        self.assertIn('BINARY_SUBSCR', asm)
+        code = compile('"fuu"[10]', '', 'single')
+        self.assertInBytecode(code, 'BINARY_SUBSCR')
 
     def test_folding_of_unaryops_on_constants(self):
         for line, elem in (
-            ('-0.5', '(-0.5)'),                     # unary negative
-            ('-0.0', '(-0.0)'),                     # -0.0
-            ('-(1.0-1.0)','(-0.0)'),                # -0.0 after folding
-            ('-0', '(0)'),                          # -0
-            ('~-2', '(1)'),                         # unary invert
-            ('+1', '(1)'),                          # unary positive
+            ('-0.5', -0.5),                     # unary negative
+            ('-0.0', -0.0),                     # -0.0
+            ('-(1.0-1.0)', -0.0),               # -0.0 after folding
+            ('-0', 0),                          # -0
+            ('~-2', 1),                         # unary invert
+            ('+1', 1),                          # unary positive
         ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm, asm)
-            self.assertNotIn('UNARY_', asm)
+            code = compile(line, '', 'single')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', elem)
+            for instr in dis.get_instructions(code):
+                self.assertFalse(instr.opname.startswith('UNARY_'))
 
         # Check that -0.0 works after marshaling
         def negzero():
             return -(1.0-1.0)
 
-        self.assertNotIn('UNARY_', disassemble(negzero))
-        self.assertTrue(copysign(1.0, negzero()) < 0)
+        for instr in dis.get_instructions(code):
+            self.assertFalse(instr.opname.startswith('UNARY_'))
 
         # Verify that unfoldables are skipped
-        for line, elem in (
-            ('-"abc"', "('abc')"),                  # unary negative
-            ('~"abc"', "('abc')"),                  # unary invert
+        for line, elem, opname in (
+            ('-"abc"', 'abc', 'UNARY_NEGATIVE'),
+            ('~"abc"', 'abc', 'UNARY_INVERT'),
         ):
-            asm = dis_single(line)
-            self.assertIn(elem, asm, asm)
-            self.assertIn('UNARY_', asm)
+            code = compile(line, '', 'single')
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, 'LOAD_CONST', elem)
+            self.assertInBytecode(code, opname)
 
     def test_elim_extra_return(self):
         # RETURN LOAD_CONST None RETURN  -->  RETURN
         def f(x):
             return x
-        asm = disassemble(f)
-        self.assertNotIn('LOAD_CONST', asm)
-        self.assertNotIn('(None)', asm)
-        self.assertEqual(asm.split().count('RETURN_VALUE'), 1)
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'LOAD_CONST', None)
+        returns = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f)
+                          if instr.opname == 'RETURN_VALUE']
+        self.assertEqual(len(returns), 1)
 
     def test_elim_jump_to_return(self):
         # JUMP_FORWARD to RETURN -->  RETURN
         def f(cond, true_value, false_value):
             return true_value if cond else false_value
-        asm = disassemble(f)
-        self.assertNotIn('JUMP_FORWARD', asm)
-        self.assertNotIn('JUMP_ABSOLUTE', asm)
-        self.assertEqual(asm.split().count('RETURN_VALUE'), 2)
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'JUMP_FORWARD')
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'JUMP_ABSOLUTE')
+        returns = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f)
+                          if instr.opname == 'RETURN_VALUE']
+        self.assertEqual(len(returns), 2)
 
     def test_elim_jump_after_return1(self):
         # Eliminate dead code: jumps immediately after returns can't be reached
@@ -280,48 +258,53 @@ class TestTranforms(unittest.TestCase):
                 if cond1: return 4
                 return 5
             return 6
-        asm = disassemble(f)
-        self.assertNotIn('JUMP_FORWARD', asm)
-        self.assertNotIn('JUMP_ABSOLUTE', asm)
-        self.assertEqual(asm.split().count('RETURN_VALUE'), 6)
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'JUMP_FORWARD')
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'JUMP_ABSOLUTE')
+        returns = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f)
+                          if instr.opname == 'RETURN_VALUE']
+        self.assertEqual(len(returns), 6)
 
     def test_elim_jump_after_return2(self):
         # Eliminate dead code: jumps immediately after returns can't be reached
         def f(cond1, cond2):
             while 1:
                 if cond1: return 4
-        asm = disassemble(f)
-        self.assertNotIn('JUMP_FORWARD', asm)
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'JUMP_FORWARD')
         # There should be one jump for the while loop.
-        self.assertEqual(asm.split().count('JUMP_ABSOLUTE'), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(asm.split().count('RETURN_VALUE'), 2)
+        returns = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f)
+                          if instr.opname == 'JUMP_ABSOLUTE']
+        self.assertEqual(len(returns), 1)
+        returns = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f)
+                          if instr.opname == 'RETURN_VALUE']
+        self.assertEqual(len(returns), 2)
 
     def test_make_function_doesnt_bail(self):
         def f():
             def g()->1+1:
                 pass
             return g
-        asm = disassemble(f)
-        self.assertNotIn('BINARY_ADD', asm)
+        self.assertNotInBytecode(f, 'BINARY_ADD')
 
     def test_constant_folding(self):
         # Issue #11244: aggressive constant folding.
         exprs = [
-            "3 * -5",
-            "-3 * 5",
-            "2 * (3 * 4)",
-            "(2 * 3) * 4",
-            "(-1, 2, 3)",
-            "(1, -2, 3)",
-            "(1, 2, -3)",
-            "(1, 2, -3) * 6",
-            "lambda x: x in {(3 * -5) + (-1 - 6), (1, -2, 3) * 2, None}",
+            '3 * -5',
+            '-3 * 5',
+            '2 * (3 * 4)',
+            '(2 * 3) * 4',
+            '(-1, 2, 3)',
+            '(1, -2, 3)',
+            '(1, 2, -3)',
+            '(1, 2, -3) * 6',
+            'lambda x: x in {(3 * -5) + (-1 - 6), (1, -2, 3) * 2, None}',
         ]
         for e in exprs:
-            asm = dis_single(e)
-            self.assertNotIn('UNARY_', asm, e)
-            self.assertNotIn('BINARY_', asm, e)
-            self.assertNotIn('BUILD_', asm, e)
+            code = compile(e, '', 'single')
+            for instr in dis.get_instructions(code):
+                self.assertFalse(instr.opname.startswith('UNARY_'))
+                self.assertFalse(instr.opname.startswith('BINARY_'))
+                self.assertFalse(instr.opname.startswith('BUILD_'))
+
 
 class TestBuglets(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -343,7 +326,7 @@ def test_main(verbose=None):
     support.run_unittest(*test_classes)
 
     # verify reference counting
-    if verbose and hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):
+    if verbose and hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
         import gc
         counts = [None] * 5
         for i in range(len(counts)):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pep247.py b/Lib/test/test_pep247.py
index 7f10472856..b85a26ad65 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pep247.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pep247.py
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ class Pep247Test(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(module.digest_size is None or module.digest_size > 0)
         self.check_object(module.new, module.digest_size, key)
 
-    def check_object(self, cls, digest_size, key):
+    def check_object(self, cls, digest_size, key, digestmod=None):
         if key is not None:
-            obj1 = cls(key)
-            obj2 = cls(key, b'string')
-            h1 = cls(key, b'string').digest()
-            obj3 = cls(key)
+            if digestmod is None:
+                digestmod = md5
+            obj1 = cls(key, digestmod=digestmod)
+            obj2 = cls(key, b'string', digestmod=digestmod)
+            h1 = cls(key, b'string', digestmod=digestmod).digest()
+            obj3 = cls(key, digestmod=digestmod)
             obj3.update(b'string')
             h2 = obj3.digest()
         else:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pep277.py b/Lib/test/test_pep277.py
index 4b16cbb383..9bae6dcad7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pep277.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pep277.py
@@ -99,10 +99,6 @@ class UnicodeFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(expected_exception) as c:
             fn(filename)
         exc_filename = c.exception.filename
-        # listdir may append a wildcard to the filename
-        if fn is os.listdir and sys.platform == 'win32':
-            exc_filename, _, wildcard = exc_filename.rpartition(os.sep)
-            self.assertEqual(wildcard, '*.*')
         if check_filename:
             self.assertEqual(exc_filename, filename, "Function '%s(%a) failed "
                              "with bad filename in the exception: %a" %
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pep3151.py b/Lib/test/test_pep3151.py
index 2792c10f98..7d4a5d8446 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pep3151.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pep3151.py
@@ -157,8 +157,6 @@ class AttributesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         e.characters_written = 5
         self.assertEqual(e.characters_written, 5)
 
-    # XXX VMSError not tested
-
 
 class ExplicitSubclassingTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pep352.py b/Lib/test/test_pep352.py
index 558cdb56d2..7c98c460b9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pep352.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pep352.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import unittest
 import builtins
 import warnings
-from test.support import run_unittest
 import os
 from platform import system as platform_system
 
@@ -180,8 +179,6 @@ class UsageTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Catching a string is bad.
         self.catch_fails("spam")
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(ExceptionClassTests, UsageTests)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pickle.py b/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
index fbe96ac2a8..0b2fe1ef2a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
@@ -83,13 +83,17 @@ class PyPicklerUnpicklerObjectTests(AbstractPicklerUnpicklerObjectTests):
 
 
 class PyDispatchTableTests(AbstractDispatchTableTests):
+
     pickler_class = pickle._Pickler
+
     def get_dispatch_table(self):
         return pickle.dispatch_table.copy()
 
 
 class PyChainDispatchTableTests(AbstractDispatchTableTests):
+
     pickler_class = pickle._Pickler
+
     def get_dispatch_table(self):
         return collections.ChainMap({}, pickle.dispatch_table)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pkg.py b/Lib/test/test_pkg.py
index 355efe7566..9883000945 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pkg.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pkg.py
@@ -199,14 +199,14 @@ class TestPkg(unittest.TestCase):
         import t5
         self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(t5)),
                          ['__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
-                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', 'foo',
-                          'string', 't5'])
+                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__',
+                          'foo', 'string', 't5'])
         self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(t5.foo)),
                          ['__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
-                          '__name__', '__package__', 'string'])
+                          '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'string'])
         self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(t5.string)),
                          ['__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
-                          '__name__', '__package__', 'spam'])
+                          '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'spam'])
 
     def test_6(self):
         hier = [
@@ -222,14 +222,15 @@ class TestPkg(unittest.TestCase):
         import t6
         self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(t6)),
                          ['__all__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
-                          '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__'])
+                          '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__',
+                          '__spec__'])
         s = """
             import t6
             from t6 import *
             self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(t6)),
                              ['__all__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
                               '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__',
-                              '__path__', 'eggs', 'ham', 'spam'])
+                              '__path__', '__spec__', 'eggs', 'ham', 'spam'])
             self.assertEqual(dir(), ['eggs', 'ham', 'self', 'spam', 't6'])
             """
         self.run_code(s)
@@ -256,18 +257,19 @@ class TestPkg(unittest.TestCase):
         import t7 as tas
         self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(tas)),
                          ['__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
-                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__'])
+                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__'])
         self.assertFalse(t7)
         from t7 import sub as subpar
         self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(subpar)),
                          ['__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
-                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__'])
+                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__'])
         self.assertFalse(t7)
         self.assertFalse(sub)
         from t7.sub import subsub as subsubsub
         self.assertEqual(fixdir(dir(subsubsub)),
                          ['__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
-                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', 'spam'])
+                          '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__',
+                          'spam'])
         self.assertFalse(t7)
         self.assertFalse(sub)
         self.assertFalse(subsub)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pkgimport.py b/Lib/test/test_pkgimport.py
index a8426b5c9a..370b2aae28 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pkgimport.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pkgimport.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import random
 import tempfile
 import unittest
 
-from imp import cache_from_source
+from importlib.util import cache_from_source
 from test.support import run_unittest, create_empty_file
 
 class TestImport(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py b/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py
index fd0661450a..aaa9d8df6b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pkgutil.py
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 from test.support import run_unittest, unload, check_warnings
 import unittest
 import sys
-import imp
 import importlib
+from importlib.util import spec_from_file_location
 import pkgutil
 import os
 import os.path
 import tempfile
+import types
 import shutil
 import zipfile
 
@@ -103,23 +104,20 @@ class PkgutilTests(unittest.TestCase):
 class PkgutilPEP302Tests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     class MyTestLoader(object):
-        def load_module(self, fullname):
-            # Create an empty module
-            mod = sys.modules.setdefault(fullname, imp.new_module(fullname))
-            mod.__file__ = "<%s>" % self.__class__.__name__
-            mod.__loader__ = self
-            # Make it a package
-            mod.__path__ = []
+        def exec_module(self, mod):
             # Count how many times the module is reloaded
-            mod.__dict__['loads'] = mod.__dict__.get('loads',0) + 1
-            return mod
+            mod.__dict__['loads'] = mod.__dict__.get('loads', 0) + 1
 
         def get_data(self, path):
             return "Hello, world!"
 
     class MyTestImporter(object):
-        def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
-            return PkgutilPEP302Tests.MyTestLoader()
+        def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):
+            loader = PkgutilPEP302Tests.MyTestLoader()
+            return spec_from_file_location(fullname,
+                                           '<%s>' % loader.__class__.__name__,
+                                           loader=loader,
+                                           submodule_search_locations=[])
 
     def setUp(self):
         sys.meta_path.insert(0, self.MyTestImporter())
@@ -200,6 +198,8 @@ class ExtendPathTests(unittest.TestCase):
         dirname = self.create_init(pkgname)
         pathitem = os.path.join(dirname, pkgname)
         fullname = '{}.{}'.format(pkgname, modname)
+        sys.modules.pop(fullname, None)
+        sys.modules.pop(pkgname, None)
         try:
             self.create_submodule(dirname, pkgname, modname, 0)
 
@@ -208,11 +208,19 @@ class ExtendPathTests(unittest.TestCase):
             importers = list(iter_importers(fullname))
             expected_importer = get_importer(pathitem)
             for finder in importers:
+                spec = pkgutil._get_spec(finder, fullname)
+                loader = spec.loader
+                try:
+                    loader = loader.loader
+                except AttributeError:
+                    # For now we still allow raw loaders from
+                    # find_module().
+                    pass
                 self.assertIsInstance(finder, importlib.machinery.FileFinder)
                 self.assertEqual(finder, expected_importer)
-                self.assertIsInstance(finder.find_module(fullname),
+                self.assertIsInstance(loader,
                                       importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader)
-                self.assertIsNone(finder.find_module(pkgname))
+                self.assertIsNone(pkgutil._get_spec(finder, pkgname))
 
             with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
                 list(iter_importers('invalid.module'))
@@ -222,8 +230,11 @@ class ExtendPathTests(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             shutil.rmtree(dirname)
             del sys.path[0]
-            del sys.modules['spam']
-            del sys.modules['spam.eggs']
+            try:
+                del sys.modules['spam']
+                del sys.modules['spam.eggs']
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
 
 
     def test_mixed_namespace(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py b/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py
index 9e86b3de64..bb7cc159b4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py
@@ -1,94 +1,95 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2003 Python Software Foundation
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Python Software Foundation
 
 import unittest
 import plistlib
 import os
 import datetime
+import codecs
+import binascii
+import collections
+import struct
 from test import support
+from io import BytesIO
 
+ALL_FORMATS=(plistlib.FMT_XML, plistlib.FMT_BINARY)
 
-# This test data was generated through Cocoa's NSDictionary class
-TESTDATA = b"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" \
-"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<dict>
-        <key>aDate</key>
-        <date>2004-10-26T10:33:33Z</date>
-        <key>aDict</key>
-        <dict>
-                <key>aFalseValue</key>
-                <false/>
-                <key>aTrueValue</key>
-                <true/>
-                <key>aUnicodeValue</key>
-                <string>M\xc3\xa4ssig, Ma\xc3\x9f</string>
-                <key>anotherString</key>
-                <string>&lt;hello &amp; 'hi' there!&gt;</string>
-                <key>deeperDict</key>
-                <dict>
-                        <key>a</key>
-                        <integer>17</integer>
-                        <key>b</key>
-                        <real>32.5</real>
-                        <key>c</key>
-                        <array>
-                                <integer>1</integer>
-                                <integer>2</integer>
-                                <string>text</string>
-                        </array>
-                </dict>
-        </dict>
-        <key>aFloat</key>
-        <real>0.5</real>
-        <key>aList</key>
-        <array>
-                <string>A</string>
-                <string>B</string>
-                <integer>12</integer>
-                <real>32.5</real>
-                <array>
-                        <integer>1</integer>
-                        <integer>2</integer>
-                        <integer>3</integer>
-                </array>
-        </array>
-        <key>aString</key>
-        <string>Doodah</string>
-        <key>anEmptyDict</key>
-        <dict/>
-        <key>anEmptyList</key>
-        <array/>
-        <key>anInt</key>
-        <integer>728</integer>
-        <key>nestedData</key>
-        <array>
-                <data>
-                PGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxsb3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5r
-                PgABAgM8bG90cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDPGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5
-                IGd1bms+AAECAzxsb3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPgABAgM8bG90cyBvZiBi
-                aW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDPGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxsb3Rz
-                IG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPgABAgM8bG90cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQID
-                PGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAw==
-                </data>
-        </array>
-        <key>someData</key>
-        <data>
-        PGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPg==
-        </data>
-        <key>someMoreData</key>
-        <data>
-        PGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxsb3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPgABAgM8
-        bG90cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDPGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxs
-        b3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPgABAgM8bG90cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDPGxv
-        dHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxsb3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPgABAgM8bG90
-        cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDPGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAw==
-        </data>
-        <key>\xc3\x85benraa</key>
-        <string>That was a unicode key.</string>
-</dict>
-</plist>
-""".replace(b" " * 8, b"\t")  # Apple as well as plistlib.py output hard tabs
+# The testdata is generated using Mac/Tools/plistlib_generate_testdata.py
+# (which using PyObjC to control the Cocoa classes for generating plists)
+TESTDATA={
+    plistlib.FMT_XML: binascii.a2b_base64(b'''
+        PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPCFET0NU
+        WVBFIHBsaXN0IFBVQkxJQyAiLS8vQXBwbGUvL0RURCBQTElTVCAxLjAvL0VO
+        IiAiaHR0cDovL3d3dy5hcHBsZS5jb20vRFREcy9Qcm9wZXJ0eUxpc3QtMS4w
+        LmR0ZCI+CjxwbGlzdCB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjAiPgo8ZGljdD4KCTxrZXk+YUJp
+        Z0ludDwva2V5PgoJPGludGVnZXI+OTIyMzM3MjAzNjg1NDc3NTc2NDwvaW50
+        ZWdlcj4KCTxrZXk+YUJpZ0ludDI8L2tleT4KCTxpbnRlZ2VyPjkyMjMzNzIw
+        MzY4NTQ3NzU4NTI8L2ludGVnZXI+Cgk8a2V5PmFEYXRlPC9rZXk+Cgk8ZGF0
+        ZT4yMDA0LTEwLTI2VDEwOjMzOjMzWjwvZGF0ZT4KCTxrZXk+YURpY3Q8L2tl
+        eT4KCTxkaWN0PgoJCTxrZXk+YUZhbHNlVmFsdWU8L2tleT4KCQk8ZmFsc2Uv
+        PgoJCTxrZXk+YVRydWVWYWx1ZTwva2V5PgoJCTx0cnVlLz4KCQk8a2V5PmFV
+        bmljb2RlVmFsdWU8L2tleT4KCQk8c3RyaW5nPk3DpHNzaWcsIE1hw588L3N0
+        cmluZz4KCQk8a2V5PmFub3RoZXJTdHJpbmc8L2tleT4KCQk8c3RyaW5nPiZs
+        dDtoZWxsbyAmYW1wOyAnaGknIHRoZXJlISZndDs8L3N0cmluZz4KCQk8a2V5
+        PmRlZXBlckRpY3Q8L2tleT4KCQk8ZGljdD4KCQkJPGtleT5hPC9rZXk+CgkJ
+        CTxpbnRlZ2VyPjE3PC9pbnRlZ2VyPgoJCQk8a2V5PmI8L2tleT4KCQkJPHJl
+        YWw+MzIuNTwvcmVhbD4KCQkJPGtleT5jPC9rZXk+CgkJCTxhcnJheT4KCQkJ
+        CTxpbnRlZ2VyPjE8L2ludGVnZXI+CgkJCQk8aW50ZWdlcj4yPC9pbnRlZ2Vy
+        PgoJCQkJPHN0cmluZz50ZXh0PC9zdHJpbmc+CgkJCTwvYXJyYXk+CgkJPC9k
+        aWN0PgoJPC9kaWN0PgoJPGtleT5hRmxvYXQ8L2tleT4KCTxyZWFsPjAuNTwv
+        cmVhbD4KCTxrZXk+YUxpc3Q8L2tleT4KCTxhcnJheT4KCQk8c3RyaW5nPkE8
+        L3N0cmluZz4KCQk8c3RyaW5nPkI8L3N0cmluZz4KCQk8aW50ZWdlcj4xMjwv
+        aW50ZWdlcj4KCQk8cmVhbD4zMi41PC9yZWFsPgoJCTxhcnJheT4KCQkJPGlu
+        dGVnZXI+MTwvaW50ZWdlcj4KCQkJPGludGVnZXI+MjwvaW50ZWdlcj4KCQkJ
+        PGludGVnZXI+MzwvaW50ZWdlcj4KCQk8L2FycmF5PgoJPC9hcnJheT4KCTxr
+        ZXk+YU5lZ2F0aXZlQmlnSW50PC9rZXk+Cgk8aW50ZWdlcj4tODAwMDAwMDAw
+        MDA8L2ludGVnZXI+Cgk8a2V5PmFOZWdhdGl2ZUludDwva2V5PgoJPGludGVn
+        ZXI+LTU8L2ludGVnZXI+Cgk8a2V5PmFTdHJpbmc8L2tleT4KCTxzdHJpbmc+
+        RG9vZGFoPC9zdHJpbmc+Cgk8a2V5PmFuRW1wdHlEaWN0PC9rZXk+Cgk8ZGlj
+        dC8+Cgk8a2V5PmFuRW1wdHlMaXN0PC9rZXk+Cgk8YXJyYXkvPgoJPGtleT5h
+        bkludDwva2V5PgoJPGludGVnZXI+NzI4PC9pbnRlZ2VyPgoJPGtleT5uZXN0
+        ZWREYXRhPC9rZXk+Cgk8YXJyYXk+CgkJPGRhdGE+CgkJUEd4dmRITWdiMlln
+        WW1sdVlYSjVJR2QxYm1zK0FBRUNBenhzYjNSeklHOW1JR0pwYm1GeWVTQm5k
+        VzVyCgkJUGdBQkFnTThiRzkwY3lCdlppQmlhVzVoY25rZ1ozVnVhejRBQVFJ
+        RFBHeHZkSE1nYjJZZ1ltbHVZWEo1CgkJSUdkMWJtcytBQUVDQXp4c2IzUnpJ
+        RzltSUdKcGJtRnllU0JuZFc1clBnQUJBZ004Ykc5MGN5QnZaaUJpCgkJYVc1
+        aGNua2daM1Z1YXo0QUFRSURQR3h2ZEhNZ2IyWWdZbWx1WVhKNUlHZDFibXMr
+        QUFFQ0F6eHNiM1J6CgkJSUc5bUlHSnBibUZ5ZVNCbmRXNXJQZ0FCQWdNOGJH
+        OTBjeUJ2WmlCaWFXNWhjbmtnWjNWdWF6NEFBUUlECgkJUEd4dmRITWdiMlln
+        WW1sdVlYSjVJR2QxYm1zK0FBRUNBdz09CgkJPC9kYXRhPgoJPC9hcnJheT4K
+        CTxrZXk+c29tZURhdGE8L2tleT4KCTxkYXRhPgoJUEdKcGJtRnllU0JuZFc1
+        clBnPT0KCTwvZGF0YT4KCTxrZXk+c29tZU1vcmVEYXRhPC9rZXk+Cgk8ZGF0
+        YT4KCVBHeHZkSE1nYjJZZ1ltbHVZWEo1SUdkMWJtcytBQUVDQXp4c2IzUnpJ
+        RzltSUdKcGJtRnllU0JuZFc1clBnQUJBZ004CgliRzkwY3lCdlppQmlhVzVo
+        Y25rZ1ozVnVhejRBQVFJRFBHeHZkSE1nYjJZZ1ltbHVZWEo1SUdkMWJtcytB
+        QUVDQXp4cwoJYjNSeklHOW1JR0pwYm1GeWVTQm5kVzVyUGdBQkFnTThiRzkw
+        Y3lCdlppQmlhVzVoY25rZ1ozVnVhejRBQVFJRFBHeHYKCWRITWdiMllnWW1s
+        dVlYSjVJR2QxYm1zK0FBRUNBenhzYjNSeklHOW1JR0pwYm1GeWVTQm5kVzVy
+        UGdBQkFnTThiRzkwCgljeUJ2WmlCaWFXNWhjbmtnWjNWdWF6NEFBUUlEUEd4
+        dmRITWdiMllnWW1sdVlYSjVJR2QxYm1zK0FBRUNBdz09Cgk8L2RhdGE+Cgk8
+        a2V5PsOFYmVucmFhPC9rZXk+Cgk8c3RyaW5nPlRoYXQgd2FzIGEgdW5pY29k
+        ZSBrZXkuPC9zdHJpbmc+CjwvZGljdD4KPC9wbGlzdD4K'''),
+    plistlib.FMT_BINARY: binascii.a2b_base64(b'''
+        YnBsaXN0MDDfEBABAgMEBQYHCAkKCwwNDg8QERITFCgpLzAxMjM0NTc2OFdh
+        QmlnSW50WGFCaWdJbnQyVWFEYXRlVWFEaWN0VmFGbG9hdFVhTGlzdF8QD2FO
+        ZWdhdGl2ZUJpZ0ludFxhTmVnYXRpdmVJbnRXYVN0cmluZ1thbkVtcHR5RGlj
+        dFthbkVtcHR5TGlzdFVhbkludFpuZXN0ZWREYXRhWHNvbWVEYXRhXHNvbWVN
+        b3JlRGF0YWcAxQBiAGUAbgByAGEAYRN/////////1BQAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAA
+        AAAsM0GcuX30AAAA1RUWFxgZGhscHR5bYUZhbHNlVmFsdWVaYVRydWVWYWx1
+        ZV1hVW5pY29kZVZhbHVlXWFub3RoZXJTdHJpbmdaZGVlcGVyRGljdAgJawBN
+        AOQAcwBzAGkAZwAsACAATQBhAN9fEBU8aGVsbG8gJiAnaGknIHRoZXJlIT7T
+        HyAhIiMkUWFRYlFjEBEjQEBAAAAAAACjJSYnEAEQAlR0ZXh0Iz/gAAAAAAAA
+        pSorLCMtUUFRQhAMoyUmLhADE////+1foOAAE//////////7VkRvb2RhaNCg
+        EQLYoTZPEPo8bG90cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDPGxvdHMgb2YgYmlu
+        YXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxsb3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPgABAgM8bG90cyBv
+        ZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDPGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxs
+        b3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBndW5rPgABAgM8bG90cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4A
+        AQIDPGxvdHMgb2YgYmluYXJ5IGd1bms+AAECAzxsb3RzIG9mIGJpbmFyeSBn
+        dW5rPgABAgM8bG90cyBvZiBiaW5hcnkgZ3Vuaz4AAQIDTTxiaW5hcnkgZ3Vu
+        az5fEBdUaGF0IHdhcyBhIHVuaWNvZGUga2V5LgAIACsAMwA8AEIASABPAFUA
+        ZwB0AHwAiACUAJoApQCuALsAygDTAOQA7QD4AQQBDwEdASsBNgE3ATgBTwFn
+        AW4BcAFyAXQBdgF/AYMBhQGHAYwBlQGbAZ0BnwGhAaUBpwGwAbkBwAHBAcIB
+        xQHHAsQC0gAAAAAAAAIBAAAAAAAAADkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALs'''),
+}
 
 
 class TestPlistlib(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -99,12 +100,16 @@ class TestPlistlib(unittest.TestCase):
         except:
             pass
 
-    def _create(self):
+    def _create(self, fmt=None):
         pl = dict(
             aString="Doodah",
             aList=["A", "B", 12, 32.5, [1, 2, 3]],
             aFloat = 0.5,
             anInt = 728,
+            aBigInt = 2 ** 63 - 44,
+            aBigInt2 = 2 ** 63 + 44,
+            aNegativeInt = -5,
+            aNegativeBigInt = -80000000000,
             aDict=dict(
                 anotherString="<hello & 'hi' there!>",
                 aUnicodeValue='M\xe4ssig, Ma\xdf',
@@ -112,9 +117,9 @@ class TestPlistlib(unittest.TestCase):
                 aFalseValue=False,
                 deeperDict=dict(a=17, b=32.5, c=[1, 2, "text"]),
             ),
-            someData = plistlib.Data(b"<binary gunk>"),
-            someMoreData = plistlib.Data(b"<lots of binary gunk>\0\1\2\3" * 10),
-            nestedData = [plistlib.Data(b"<lots of binary gunk>\0\1\2\3" * 10)],
+            someData = b"<binary gunk>",
+            someMoreData = b"<lots of binary gunk>\0\1\2\3" * 10,
+            nestedData = [b"<lots of binary gunk>\0\1\2\3" * 10],
             aDate = datetime.datetime(2004, 10, 26, 10, 33, 33),
             anEmptyDict = dict(),
             anEmptyList = list()
@@ -129,49 +134,215 @@ class TestPlistlib(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_io(self):
         pl = self._create()
-        plistlib.writePlist(pl, support.TESTFN)
-        pl2 = plistlib.readPlist(support.TESTFN)
+        with open(support.TESTFN, 'wb') as fp:
+            plistlib.dump(pl, fp)
+
+        with open(support.TESTFN, 'rb') as fp:
+            pl2 = plistlib.load(fp)
+
         self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2))
 
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, plistlib.dump, pl, 'filename')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, plistlib.load, 'filename')
+
+    def test_invalid_type(self):
+        pl = [ object() ]
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, plistlib.dumps, pl, fmt=fmt)
+
+    def test_int(self):
+        for pl in [0, 2**8-1, 2**8, 2**16-1, 2**16, 2**32-1, 2**32,
+                   2**63-1, 2**64-1, 1, -2**63]:
+            for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+                with self.subTest(pl=pl, fmt=fmt):
+                    data = plistlib.dumps(pl, fmt=fmt)
+                    pl2 = plistlib.loads(data)
+                    self.assertIsInstance(pl2, int)
+                    self.assertEqual(pl, pl2)
+                    data2 = plistlib.dumps(pl2, fmt=fmt)
+                    self.assertEqual(data, data2)
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            for pl in (2 ** 64 + 1, 2 ** 127-1, -2**64, -2 ** 127):
+                with self.subTest(pl=pl, fmt=fmt):
+                    self.assertRaises(OverflowError, plistlib.dumps,
+                                      pl, fmt=fmt)
+
     def test_bytes(self):
         pl = self._create()
-        data = plistlib.writePlistToBytes(pl)
-        pl2 = plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(data)
+        data = plistlib.dumps(pl)
+        pl2 = plistlib.loads(data)
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(pl, plistlib._InternalDict)
         self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2))
-        data2 = plistlib.writePlistToBytes(pl2)
+        data2 = plistlib.dumps(pl2)
         self.assertEqual(data, data2)
 
     def test_indentation_array(self):
-        data = [[[[[[[[{'test': plistlib.Data(b'aaaaaa')}]]]]]]]]
-        self.assertEqual(plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(plistlib.writePlistToBytes(data)), data)
+        data = [[[[[[[[{'test': b'aaaaaa'}]]]]]]]]
+        self.assertEqual(plistlib.loads(plistlib.dumps(data)), data)
 
     def test_indentation_dict(self):
-        data = {'1': {'2': {'3': {'4': {'5': {'6': {'7': {'8': {'9': plistlib.Data(b'aaaaaa')}}}}}}}}}
-        self.assertEqual(plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(plistlib.writePlistToBytes(data)), data)
+        data = {'1': {'2': {'3': {'4': {'5': {'6': {'7': {'8': {'9': b'aaaaaa'}}}}}}}}}
+        self.assertEqual(plistlib.loads(plistlib.dumps(data)), data)
 
     def test_indentation_dict_mix(self):
-        data = {'1': {'2': [{'3': [[[[[{'test': plistlib.Data(b'aaaaaa')}]]]]]}]}}
-        self.assertEqual(plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(plistlib.writePlistToBytes(data)), data)
+        data = {'1': {'2': [{'3': [[[[[{'test': b'aaaaaa'}]]]]]}]}}
+        self.assertEqual(plistlib.loads(plistlib.dumps(data)), data)
 
     def test_appleformatting(self):
-        pl = plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(TESTDATA)
-        data = plistlib.writePlistToBytes(pl)
-        self.assertEqual(data, TESTDATA,
-                         "generated data was not identical to Apple's output")
+        for use_builtin_types in (True, False):
+            for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+                with self.subTest(fmt=fmt, use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types):
+                    pl = plistlib.loads(TESTDATA[fmt],
+                        use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types)
+                    data = plistlib.dumps(pl, fmt=fmt)
+                    self.assertEqual(data, TESTDATA[fmt],
+                        "generated data was not identical to Apple's output")
+
 
     def test_appleformattingfromliteral(self):
-        pl = self._create()
-        pl2 = plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(TESTDATA)
-        self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2),
-                         "generated data was not identical to Apple's output")
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                pl = self._create(fmt=fmt)
+                pl2 = plistlib.loads(TESTDATA[fmt])
+                self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2),
+                    "generated data was not identical to Apple's output")
 
     def test_bytesio(self):
-        from io import BytesIO
-        b = BytesIO()
-        pl = self._create()
-        plistlib.writePlist(pl, b)
-        pl2 = plistlib.readPlist(BytesIO(b.getvalue()))
-        self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2))
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                b = BytesIO()
+                pl = self._create(fmt=fmt)
+                plistlib.dump(pl, b, fmt=fmt)
+                pl2 = plistlib.load(BytesIO(b.getvalue()))
+                self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2))
+
+    def test_keysort_bytesio(self):
+        pl = collections.OrderedDict()
+        pl['b'] = 1
+        pl['a'] = 2
+        pl['c'] = 3
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            for sort_keys in (False, True):
+                with self.subTest(fmt=fmt, sort_keys=sort_keys):
+                    b = BytesIO()
+
+                    plistlib.dump(pl, b, fmt=fmt, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+                    pl2 = plistlib.load(BytesIO(b.getvalue()),
+                        dict_type=collections.OrderedDict)
+
+                    self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2))
+                    if sort_keys:
+                        self.assertEqual(list(pl2.keys()), ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+                    else:
+                        self.assertEqual(list(pl2.keys()), ['b', 'a', 'c'])
+
+    def test_keysort(self):
+        pl = collections.OrderedDict()
+        pl['b'] = 1
+        pl['a'] = 2
+        pl['c'] = 3
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            for sort_keys in (False, True):
+                with self.subTest(fmt=fmt, sort_keys=sort_keys):
+                    data = plistlib.dumps(pl, fmt=fmt, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+                    pl2 = plistlib.loads(data, dict_type=collections.OrderedDict)
+
+                    self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2))
+                    if sort_keys:
+                        self.assertEqual(list(pl2.keys()), ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+                    else:
+                        self.assertEqual(list(pl2.keys()), ['b', 'a', 'c'])
+
+    def test_keys_no_string(self):
+        pl = { 42: 'aNumber' }
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, plistlib.dumps, pl, fmt=fmt)
+
+                b = BytesIO()
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, plistlib.dump, pl, b, fmt=fmt)
+
+    def test_skipkeys(self):
+        pl = {
+            42: 'aNumber',
+            'snake': 'aWord',
+        }
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                data = plistlib.dumps(
+                    pl, fmt=fmt, skipkeys=True, sort_keys=False)
+
+                pl2 = plistlib.loads(data)
+                self.assertEqual(pl2, {'snake': 'aWord'})
+
+                fp = BytesIO()
+                plistlib.dump(
+                    pl, fp, fmt=fmt, skipkeys=True, sort_keys=False)
+                data = fp.getvalue()
+                pl2 = plistlib.loads(fp.getvalue())
+                self.assertEqual(pl2, {'snake': 'aWord'})
+
+    def test_tuple_members(self):
+        pl = {
+            'first': (1, 2),
+            'second': (1, 2),
+            'third': (3, 4),
+        }
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                data = plistlib.dumps(pl, fmt=fmt)
+                pl2 = plistlib.loads(data)
+                self.assertEqual(pl2, {
+                    'first': [1, 2],
+                    'second': [1, 2],
+                    'third': [3, 4],
+                })
+                self.assertIsNot(pl2['first'], pl2['second'])
+
+    def test_list_members(self):
+        pl = {
+            'first': [1, 2],
+            'second': [1, 2],
+            'third': [3, 4],
+        }
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                data = plistlib.dumps(pl, fmt=fmt)
+                pl2 = plistlib.loads(data)
+                self.assertEqual(pl2, {
+                    'first': [1, 2],
+                    'second': [1, 2],
+                    'third': [3, 4],
+                })
+                self.assertIsNot(pl2['first'], pl2['second'])
+
+    def test_dict_members(self):
+        pl = {
+            'first': {'a': 1},
+            'second': {'a': 1},
+            'third': {'b': 2 },
+        }
+
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                data = plistlib.dumps(pl, fmt=fmt)
+                pl2 = plistlib.loads(data)
+                self.assertEqual(pl2, {
+                    'first': {'a': 1},
+                    'second': {'a': 1},
+                    'third': {'b': 2 },
+                })
+                self.assertIsNot(pl2['first'], pl2['second'])
 
     def test_controlcharacters(self):
         for i in range(128):
@@ -179,25 +350,27 @@ class TestPlistlib(unittest.TestCase):
             testString = "string containing %s" % c
             if i >= 32 or c in "\r\n\t":
                 # \r, \n and \t are the only legal control chars in XML
-                plistlib.writePlistToBytes(testString)
+                plistlib.dumps(testString, fmt=plistlib.FMT_XML)
             else:
                 self.assertRaises(ValueError,
-                                  plistlib.writePlistToBytes,
+                                  plistlib.dumps,
                                   testString)
 
     def test_nondictroot(self):
-        test1 = "abc"
-        test2 = [1, 2, 3, "abc"]
-        result1 = plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(plistlib.writePlistToBytes(test1))
-        result2 = plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(plistlib.writePlistToBytes(test2))
-        self.assertEqual(test1, result1)
-        self.assertEqual(test2, result2)
+        for fmt in ALL_FORMATS:
+            with self.subTest(fmt=fmt):
+                test1 = "abc"
+                test2 = [1, 2, 3, "abc"]
+                result1 = plistlib.loads(plistlib.dumps(test1, fmt=fmt))
+                result2 = plistlib.loads(plistlib.dumps(test2, fmt=fmt))
+                self.assertEqual(test1, result1)
+                self.assertEqual(test2, result2)
 
     def test_invalidarray(self):
         for i in ["<key>key inside an array</key>",
                   "<key>key inside an array2</key><real>3</real>",
                   "<true/><key>key inside an array3</key>"]:
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.readPlistFromBytes,
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.loads,
                               ("<plist><array>%s</array></plist>"%i).encode())
 
     def test_invaliddict(self):
@@ -206,22 +379,130 @@ class TestPlistlib(unittest.TestCase):
                   "<string>missing key</string>",
                   "<key>k1</key><string>v1</string><real>5.3</real>"
                   "<key>k1</key><key>k2</key><string>double key</string>"]:
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.readPlistFromBytes,
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.loads,
                               ("<plist><dict>%s</dict></plist>"%i).encode())
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.readPlistFromBytes,
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.loads,
                               ("<plist><array><dict>%s</dict></array></plist>"%i).encode())
 
     def test_invalidinteger(self):
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.readPlistFromBytes,
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.loads,
                           b"<plist><integer>not integer</integer></plist>")
 
     def test_invalidreal(self):
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.readPlistFromBytes,
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, plistlib.loads,
                           b"<plist><integer>not real</integer></plist>")
 
+    def test_xml_encodings(self):
+        base = TESTDATA[plistlib.FMT_XML]
+
+        for xml_encoding, encoding, bom in [
+                    (b'utf-8', 'utf-8', codecs.BOM_UTF8),
+                    (b'utf-16', 'utf-16-le', codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE),
+                    (b'utf-16', 'utf-16-be', codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE),
+                    # Expat does not support UTF-32
+                    #(b'utf-32', 'utf-32-le', codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE),
+                    #(b'utf-32', 'utf-32-be', codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE),
+                ]:
+
+            pl = self._create(fmt=plistlib.FMT_XML)
+            with self.subTest(encoding=encoding):
+                data = base.replace(b'UTF-8', xml_encoding)
+                data = bom + data.decode('utf-8').encode(encoding)
+                pl2 = plistlib.loads(data)
+                self.assertEqual(dict(pl), dict(pl2))
+
+
+class TestPlistlibDeprecated(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_io_deprecated(self):
+        pl_in = {
+            'key': 42,
+            'sub': {
+                'key': 9,
+                'alt': 'value',
+                'data': b'buffer',
+            }
+        }
+        pl_out = plistlib._InternalDict({
+            'key': 42,
+            'sub': plistlib._InternalDict({
+                'key': 9,
+                'alt': 'value',
+                'data': plistlib.Data(b'buffer'),
+            })
+        })
+
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, support.TESTFN)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            plistlib.writePlist(pl_in, support.TESTFN)
+
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            pl2 = plistlib.readPlist(support.TESTFN)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pl_out, pl2)
+
+        os.unlink(support.TESTFN)
+
+        with open(support.TESTFN, 'wb') as fp:
+            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+                plistlib.writePlist(pl_in, fp)
+
+        with open(support.TESTFN, 'rb') as fp:
+            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+                pl2 = plistlib.readPlist(fp)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pl_out, pl2)
+
+    def test_bytes_deprecated(self):
+        pl = {
+            'key': 42,
+            'sub': {
+                'key': 9,
+                'alt': 'value',
+                'data': b'buffer',
+            }
+        }
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            data = plistlib.writePlistToBytes(pl)
+
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            pl2 = plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(data)
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(pl2, plistlib._InternalDict)
+        self.assertEqual(pl2, plistlib._InternalDict(
+            key=42,
+            sub=plistlib._InternalDict(
+                key=9,
+                alt='value',
+                data=plistlib.Data(b'buffer'),
+            )
+        ))
+
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            data2 = plistlib.writePlistToBytes(pl2)
+        self.assertEqual(data, data2)
+
+    def test_dataobject_deprecated(self):
+        in_data = { 'key': plistlib.Data(b'hello') }
+        out_data = { 'key': b'hello' }
+
+        buf = plistlib.dumps(in_data)
+
+        cur = plistlib.loads(buf)
+        self.assertEqual(cur, out_data)
+        self.assertNotEqual(cur, in_data)
+
+        cur = plistlib.loads(buf, use_builtin_types=False)
+        self.assertNotEqual(cur, out_data)
+        self.assertEqual(cur, in_data)
+
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            cur = plistlib.readPlistFromBytes(buf)
+        self.assertNotEqual(cur, out_data)
+        self.assertEqual(cur, in_data)
+
 
 def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(TestPlistlib)
+    support.run_unittest(TestPlistlib, TestPlistlibDeprecated)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_poll.py b/Lib/test/test_poll.py
index a07a7199c1..a0a332bdbc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_poll.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_poll.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Test case for the os.poll() function
 
 import os
+import subprocess
 import random
 import select
 try:
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ from test.support import TESTFN, run_unittest, reap_threads, cpython_only
 try:
     select.poll
 except AttributeError:
-    raise unittest.SkipTest("select.poll not defined -- skipping test_poll")
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("select.poll not defined")
 
 
 def find_ready_matching(ready, flag):
@@ -75,13 +76,11 @@ class PollTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(bufs, [MSG] * NUM_PIPES)
 
-    def poll_unit_tests(self):
+    def test_poll_unit_tests(self):
         # returns NVAL for invalid file descriptor
-        FD = 42
-        try:
-            os.close(FD)
-        except OSError:
-            pass
+        FD, w = os.pipe()
+        os.close(FD)
+        os.close(w)
         p = select.poll()
         p.register(FD)
         r = p.poll()
@@ -124,7 +123,9 @@ class PollTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_poll2(self):
         cmd = 'for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do echo testing...; sleep 1; done'
-        p = os.popen(cmd, 'r')
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                bufsize=0)
+        p = proc.stdout
         pollster = select.poll()
         pollster.register( p, select.POLLIN )
         for tout in (0, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000) + (-1,)*10:
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class PollTests(unittest.TestCase):
             fd, flags = fdlist[0]
             if flags & select.POLLHUP:
                 line = p.readline()
-                if line != "":
+                if line != b"":
                     self.fail('error: pipe seems to be closed, but still returns data')
                 continue
 
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ class PollTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 line = p.readline()
                 if not line:
                     break
+                self.assertEqual(line, b'testing...\n')
                 continue
             else:
                 self.fail('Unexpected return value from select.poll: %s' % fdlist)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_poplib.py b/Lib/test/test_poplib.py
index 5809be66bb..d076fc1b9c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_poplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_poplib.py
@@ -18,6 +18,19 @@ threading = test_support.import_module('threading')
 HOST = test_support.HOST
 PORT = 0
 
+SUPPORTS_SSL = False
+if hasattr(poplib, 'POP3_SSL'):
+    import ssl
+    from ssl import HAS_SNI
+
+    SUPPORTS_SSL = True
+    CERTFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir, "keycert3.pem")
+    CAFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir, "pycacert.pem")
+else:
+    HAS_SNI = False
+
+requires_ssl = skipUnless(SUPPORTS_SSL, 'SSL not supported')
+
 # the dummy data returned by server when LIST and RETR commands are issued
 LIST_RESP = b'1 1\r\n2 2\r\n3 3\r\n4 4\r\n5 5\r\n.\r\n'
 RETR_RESP = b"""From: postmaster@python.org\
@@ -33,11 +46,15 @@ line3\r\n\
 
 class DummyPOP3Handler(asynchat.async_chat):
 
+    CAPAS = {'UIDL': [], 'IMPLEMENTATION': ['python-testlib-pop-server']}
+
     def __init__(self, conn):
         asynchat.async_chat.__init__(self, conn)
         self.set_terminator(b"\r\n")
         self.in_buffer = []
         self.push('+OK dummy pop3 server ready. <timestamp>')
+        self.tls_active = False
+        self.tls_starting = False
 
     def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
         self.in_buffer.append(data)
@@ -112,6 +129,65 @@ class DummyPOP3Handler(asynchat.async_chat):
         self.push('+OK closing.')
         self.close_when_done()
 
+    def _get_capas(self):
+        _capas = dict(self.CAPAS)
+        if not self.tls_active and SUPPORTS_SSL:
+            _capas['STLS'] = []
+        return _capas
+
+    def cmd_capa(self, arg):
+        self.push('+OK Capability list follows')
+        if self._get_capas():
+            for cap, params in self._get_capas().items():
+                _ln = [cap]
+                if params:
+                    _ln.extend(params)
+                self.push(' '.join(_ln))
+        self.push('.')
+
+    if SUPPORTS_SSL:
+
+        def cmd_stls(self, arg):
+            if self.tls_active is False:
+                self.push('+OK Begin TLS negotiation')
+                tls_sock = ssl.wrap_socket(self.socket, certfile=CERTFILE,
+                                           server_side=True,
+                                           do_handshake_on_connect=False,
+                                           suppress_ragged_eofs=False)
+                self.del_channel()
+                self.set_socket(tls_sock)
+                self.tls_active = True
+                self.tls_starting = True
+                self.in_buffer = []
+                self._do_tls_handshake()
+            else:
+                self.push('-ERR Command not permitted when TLS active')
+
+        def _do_tls_handshake(self):
+            try:
+                self.socket.do_handshake()
+            except ssl.SSLError as err:
+                if err.args[0] in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ,
+                                   ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE):
+                    return
+                elif err.args[0] == ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF:
+                    return self.handle_close()
+                raise
+            except OSError as err:
+                if err.args[0] == errno.ECONNABORTED:
+                    return self.handle_close()
+            else:
+                self.tls_active = True
+                self.tls_starting = False
+
+        def handle_read(self):
+            if self.tls_starting:
+                self._do_tls_handshake()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    asynchat.async_chat.handle_read(self)
+                except ssl.SSLEOFError:
+                    self.handle_close()
 
 class DummyPOP3Server(asyncore.dispatcher, threading.Thread):
 
@@ -236,19 +312,43 @@ class TestPOP3Class(TestCase):
         self.client.uidl()
         self.client.uidl('foo')
 
+    def test_capa(self):
+        capa = self.client.capa()
+        self.assertTrue('IMPLEMENTATION' in capa.keys())
+
     def test_quit(self):
         resp = self.client.quit()
         self.assertTrue(resp)
         self.assertIsNone(self.client.sock)
         self.assertIsNone(self.client.file)
 
+    @requires_ssl
+    def test_stls_capa(self):
+        capa = self.client.capa()
+        self.assertTrue('STLS' in capa.keys())
+
+    @requires_ssl
+    def test_stls(self):
+        expected = b'+OK Begin TLS negotiation'
+        resp = self.client.stls()
+        self.assertEqual(resp, expected)
+
+    @requires_ssl
+    @skipUnless(HAS_SNI, 'No SNI support in ssl module')
+    def test_stls_context(self):
+        expected = b'+OK Begin TLS negotiation'
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(CAFILE)
+        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        ctx.check_hostname = True
+        with self.assertRaises(ssl.CertificateError):
+            resp = self.client.stls(context=ctx)
+        self.client = poplib.POP3("localhost", self.server.port, timeout=3)
+        resp = self.client.stls(context=ctx)
+        self.assertEqual(resp, expected)
 
-SUPPORTS_SSL = False
-if hasattr(poplib, 'POP3_SSL'):
-    import ssl
 
-    SUPPORTS_SSL = True
-    CERTFILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir, "keycert.pem")
+if SUPPORTS_SSL:
 
     class DummyPOP3_SSLHandler(DummyPOP3Handler):
 
@@ -260,35 +360,13 @@ if hasattr(poplib, 'POP3_SSL'):
             self.del_channel()
             self.set_socket(ssl_socket)
             # Must try handshake before calling push()
-            self._ssl_accepting = True
-            self._do_ssl_handshake()
+            self.tls_active = True
+            self.tls_starting = True
+            self._do_tls_handshake()
             self.set_terminator(b"\r\n")
             self.in_buffer = []
             self.push('+OK dummy pop3 server ready. <timestamp>')
 
-        def _do_ssl_handshake(self):
-            try:
-                self.socket.do_handshake()
-            except ssl.SSLError as err:
-                if err.args[0] in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ,
-                                   ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE):
-                    return
-                elif err.args[0] == ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF:
-                    return self.handle_close()
-                raise
-            except socket.error as err:
-                if err.args[0] == errno.ECONNABORTED:
-                    return self.handle_close()
-            else:
-                self._ssl_accepting = False
-
-        def handle_read(self):
-            if self._ssl_accepting:
-                self._do_ssl_handshake()
-            else:
-                DummyPOP3Handler.handle_read(self)
-
-requires_ssl = skipUnless(SUPPORTS_SSL, 'SSL not supported')
 
 @requires_ssl
 class TestPOP3_SSLClass(TestPOP3Class):
@@ -306,20 +384,60 @@ class TestPOP3_SSLClass(TestPOP3Class):
     def test_context(self):
         ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, poplib.POP3_SSL, self.server.host,
-                          self.server.port, keyfile=CERTFILE, context=ctx)
+                            self.server.port, keyfile=CERTFILE, context=ctx)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, poplib.POP3_SSL, self.server.host,
-                          self.server.port, certfile=CERTFILE, context=ctx)
+                            self.server.port, certfile=CERTFILE, context=ctx)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, poplib.POP3_SSL, self.server.host,
-                          self.server.port, keyfile=CERTFILE,
-                          certfile=CERTFILE, context=ctx)
+                            self.server.port, keyfile=CERTFILE,
+                            certfile=CERTFILE, context=ctx)
 
         self.client.quit()
         self.client = poplib.POP3_SSL(self.server.host, self.server.port,
-                                      context=ctx)
+                                        context=ctx)
         self.assertIsInstance(self.client.sock, ssl.SSLSocket)
         self.assertIs(self.client.sock.context, ctx)
         self.assertTrue(self.client.noop().startswith(b'+OK'))
 
+    def test_stls(self):
+        self.assertRaises(poplib.error_proto, self.client.stls)
+
+    test_stls_context = test_stls
+
+    def test_stls_capa(self):
+        capa = self.client.capa()
+        self.assertFalse('STLS' in capa.keys())
+
+
+@requires_ssl
+class TestPOP3_TLSClass(TestPOP3Class):
+    # repeat previous tests by using poplib.POP3.stls()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.server = DummyPOP3Server((HOST, PORT))
+        self.server.start()
+        self.client = poplib.POP3(self.server.host, self.server.port, timeout=3)
+        self.client.stls()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if self.client.file is not None and self.client.sock is not None:
+            try:
+                self.client.quit()
+            except poplib.error_proto:
+                # happens in the test_too_long_lines case; the overlong
+                # response will be treated as response to QUIT and raise
+                # this exception
+                self.client.close()
+        self.server.stop()
+
+    def test_stls(self):
+        self.assertRaises(poplib.error_proto, self.client.stls)
+
+    test_stls_context = test_stls
+
+    def test_stls_capa(self):
+        capa = self.client.capa()
+        self.assertFalse(b'STLS' in capa.keys())
+
 
 class TestTimeouts(TestCase):
 
@@ -377,7 +495,7 @@ class TestTimeouts(TestCase):
 
 def test_main():
     tests = [TestPOP3Class, TestTimeouts,
-             TestPOP3_SSLClass]
+             TestPOP3_SSLClass, TestPOP3_TLSClass]
     thread_info = test_support.threading_setup()
     try:
         test_support.run_unittest(*tests)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_posix.py b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
index 9408e5c1b5..009f29da32 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_posix.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
@@ -603,8 +603,10 @@ class PosixTester(unittest.TestCase):
         r, w = os.pipe2(os.O_CLOEXEC|os.O_NONBLOCK)
         self.addCleanup(os.close, r)
         self.addCleanup(os.close, w)
-        self.assertTrue(fcntl.fcntl(r, fcntl.F_GETFD) & fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)
-        self.assertTrue(fcntl.fcntl(w, fcntl.F_GETFD) & fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)
+        self.assertFalse(os.get_inheritable(r))
+        self.assertFalse(os.get_inheritable(w))
+        self.assertTrue(fcntl.fcntl(r, fcntl.F_GETFL) & os.O_NONBLOCK)
+        self.assertTrue(fcntl.fcntl(w, fcntl.F_GETFL) & os.O_NONBLOCK)
         # try reading from an empty pipe: this should fail, not block
         self.assertRaises(OSError, os.read, r, 1)
         # try a write big enough to fill-up the pipe: this should either
@@ -652,7 +654,7 @@ class PosixTester(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(st.st_flags | stat.UF_IMMUTABLE, new_st.st_flags)
             try:
                 fd = open(target_file, 'w+')
-            except IOError as e:
+            except OSError as e:
                 self.assertEqual(e.errno, errno.EPERM)
         finally:
             posix.chflags(target_file, st.st_flags)
@@ -710,41 +712,39 @@ class PosixTester(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(posix, 'getcwd'), 'test needs posix.getcwd()')
     def test_getcwd_long_pathnames(self):
-        if hasattr(posix, 'getcwd'):
-            dirname = 'getcwd-test-directory-0123456789abcdef-01234567890abcdef'
-            curdir = os.getcwd()
-            base_path = os.path.abspath(support.TESTFN) + '.getcwd'
+        dirname = 'getcwd-test-directory-0123456789abcdef-01234567890abcdef'
+        curdir = os.getcwd()
+        base_path = os.path.abspath(support.TESTFN) + '.getcwd'
 
-            try:
-                os.mkdir(base_path)
-                os.chdir(base_path)
-            except:
-#               Just returning nothing instead of the SkipTest exception,
-#               because the test results in Error in that case.
-#               Is that ok?
-#                raise unittest.SkipTest("cannot create directory for testing")
-                return
-
-                def _create_and_do_getcwd(dirname, current_path_length = 0):
-                    try:
-                        os.mkdir(dirname)
-                    except:
-                        raise unittest.SkipTest("mkdir cannot create directory sufficiently deep for getcwd test")
+        try:
+            os.mkdir(base_path)
+            os.chdir(base_path)
+        except:
+            #  Just returning nothing instead of the SkipTest exception, because
+            #  the test results in Error in that case.  Is that ok?
+            #  raise unittest.SkipTest("cannot create directory for testing")
+            return
 
-                    os.chdir(dirname)
-                    try:
-                        os.getcwd()
-                        if current_path_length < 1027:
-                            _create_and_do_getcwd(dirname, current_path_length + len(dirname) + 1)
-                    finally:
-                        os.chdir('..')
-                        os.rmdir(dirname)
+            def _create_and_do_getcwd(dirname, current_path_length = 0):
+                try:
+                    os.mkdir(dirname)
+                except:
+                    raise unittest.SkipTest("mkdir cannot create directory sufficiently deep for getcwd test")
 
-                _create_and_do_getcwd(dirname)
+                os.chdir(dirname)
+                try:
+                    os.getcwd()
+                    if current_path_length < 1027:
+                        _create_and_do_getcwd(dirname, current_path_length + len(dirname) + 1)
+                finally:
+                    os.chdir('..')
+                    os.rmdir(dirname)
 
-            finally:
-                os.chdir(curdir)
-                support.rmtree(base_path)
+            _create_and_do_getcwd(dirname)
+
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(curdir)
+            support.rmtree(base_path)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(posix, 'getgrouplist'), "test needs posix.getgrouplist()")
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(pwd, 'getpwuid'), "test needs pwd.getpwuid()")
@@ -1121,6 +1121,23 @@ class PosixTester(unittest.TestCase):
                 # http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-amd64/2012-January/014332.html
                 raise unittest.SkipTest("OSError raised!")
 
+    def test_path_error2(self):
+        """
+        Test functions that call path_error2(), providing two filenames in their exceptions.
+        """
+        for name in ("rename", "replace", "link", "symlink"):
+            function = getattr(os, name, None)
+
+            if function:
+                for dst in ("noodly2", support.TESTFN):
+                    try:
+                        function('doesnotexistfilename', dst)
+                    except OSError as e:
+                        self.assertIn("'doesnotexistfilename' -> '{}'".format(dst), str(e))
+                        break
+                else:
+                    self.fail("No valid path_error2() test for os." + name)
+
 class PosixGroupsTester(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py b/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py
index 0e7d866485..412849cff3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_posixpath.py
@@ -186,63 +186,6 @@ class PosixPathTest(unittest.TestCase):
             if not f.close():
                 f.close()
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _create_file(filename):
-        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
-            f.write(b'foo')
-
-    def test_samefile(self):
-        test_fn = support.TESTFN + "1"
-        self._create_file(test_fn)
-        self.assertTrue(posixpath.samefile(test_fn, test_fn))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, posixpath.samefile)
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        sys.platform.startswith('win'),
-        "posixpath.samefile does not work on links in Windows")
-    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "symlink"),
-                         "Missing symlink implementation")
-    def test_samefile_on_links(self):
-        test_fn1 = support.TESTFN + "1"
-        test_fn2 = support.TESTFN + "2"
-        self._create_file(test_fn1)
-
-        os.symlink(test_fn1, test_fn2)
-        self.assertTrue(posixpath.samefile(test_fn1, test_fn2))
-        os.remove(test_fn2)
-
-        self._create_file(test_fn2)
-        self.assertFalse(posixpath.samefile(test_fn1, test_fn2))
-
-
-    def test_samestat(self):
-        test_fn = support.TESTFN + "1"
-        self._create_file(test_fn)
-        test_fns = [test_fn]*2
-        stats = map(os.stat, test_fns)
-        self.assertTrue(posixpath.samestat(*stats))
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        sys.platform.startswith('win'),
-        "posixpath.samestat does not work on links in Windows")
-    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "symlink"),
-                         "Missing symlink implementation")
-    def test_samestat_on_links(self):
-        test_fn1 = support.TESTFN + "1"
-        test_fn2 = support.TESTFN + "2"
-        self._create_file(test_fn1)
-        test_fns = (test_fn1, test_fn2)
-        os.symlink(*test_fns)
-        stats = map(os.stat, test_fns)
-        self.assertTrue(posixpath.samestat(*stats))
-        os.remove(test_fn2)
-
-        self._create_file(test_fn2)
-        stats = map(os.stat, test_fns)
-        self.assertFalse(posixpath.samestat(*stats))
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, posixpath.samestat)
-
     def test_ismount(self):
         self.assertIs(posixpath.ismount("/"), True)
         with warnings.catch_warnings():
@@ -595,11 +538,6 @@ class PosixPathTest(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             os.getcwdb = real_getcwdb
 
-    def test_sameopenfile(self):
-        fname = support.TESTFN + "1"
-        with open(fname, "wb") as a, open(fname, "wb") as b:
-            self.assertTrue(posixpath.sameopenfile(a.fileno(), b.fileno()))
-
 
 class PosixCommonTest(test_genericpath.CommonTest, unittest.TestCase):
     pathmodule = posixpath
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pprint.py b/Lib/test/test_pprint.py
index a85298e26f..3d364c4595 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pprint.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pprint.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
 import pprint
 import test.support
 import unittest
@@ -530,6 +532,54 @@ frozenset2({0,
         self.assertEqual(pprint.pformat(dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)),
                          '{%r: 0, %r: 0}' % tuple(sorted(keys, key=id)))
 
+    def test_str_wrap(self):
+        # pprint tries to wrap strings intelligently
+        fox = 'the quick brown fox jumped over a lazy dog'
+        self.assertEqual(pprint.pformat(fox, width=20), """\
+'the quick brown '
+'fox jumped over '
+'a lazy dog'""")
+        self.assertEqual(pprint.pformat({'a': 1, 'b': fox, 'c': 2},
+                                        width=26), """\
+{'a': 1,
+ 'b': 'the quick brown '
+      'fox jumped over '
+      'a lazy dog',
+ 'c': 2}""")
+        # With some special characters
+        # - \n always triggers a new line in the pprint
+        # - \t and \n are escaped
+        # - non-ASCII is allowed
+        # - an apostrophe doesn't disrupt the pprint
+        special = "Portons dix bons \"whiskys\"\nà l'avocat goujat\t qui fumait au zoo"
+        self.assertEqual(pprint.pformat(special, width=20), """\
+'Portons dix bons '
+'"whiskys"\\n'
+"à l'avocat "
+'goujat\\t qui '
+'fumait au zoo'""")
+        # An unwrappable string is formatted as its repr
+        unwrappable = "x" * 100
+        self.assertEqual(pprint.pformat(unwrappable, width=80), repr(unwrappable))
+        self.assertEqual(pprint.pformat(''), "''")
+        # Check that the pprint is a usable repr
+        special *= 10
+        for width in range(3, 40):
+            formatted = pprint.pformat(special, width=width)
+            self.assertEqual(eval("(" + formatted + ")"), special)
+
+    def test_compact(self):
+        o = ([list(range(i * i)) for i in range(5)] +
+             [list(range(i)) for i in range(6)])
+        expected = """\
+[[], [0], [0, 1, 2, 3],
+ [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],
+ [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
+  14, 15],
+ [], [0], [0, 1], [0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2, 3],
+ [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]"""
+        self.assertEqual(pprint.pformat(o, width=48, compact=True), expected)
+
 
 class DottedPrettyPrinter(pprint.PrettyPrinter):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_print.py b/Lib/test/test_print.py
index 9d6dbea46b..7eea349115 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_print.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_print.py
@@ -1,62 +1,55 @@
-"""Test correct operation of the print function.
-"""
-
-# In 2.6, this gives us the behavior we want.  In 3.0, it has
-#  no function, but it still must parse correctly.
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import unittest
-from test import support
+from io import StringIO
 
-try:
-    # 3.x
-    from io import StringIO
-except ImportError:
-    # 2.x
-    from StringIO import StringIO
+from test import support
 
 NotDefined = object()
 
 # A dispatch table all 8 combinations of providing
-#  sep, end, and file
+# sep, end, and file.
 # I use this machinery so that I'm not just passing default
-#  values to print, I'm either passing or not passing in the
-#  arguments
+# values to print, I'm either passing or not passing in the
+# arguments.
 dispatch = {
     (False, False, False):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(*args),
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(*args),
     (False, False, True):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(file=file, *args),
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(file=file, *args),
     (False, True,  False):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(end=end, *args),
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(end=end, *args),
     (False, True,  True):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(end=end, file=file, *args),
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(end=end, file=file, *args),
     (True,  False, False):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, *args),
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, *args),
     (True,  False, True):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, file=file, *args),
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, file=file, *args),
     (True,  True,  False):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, end=end, *args),
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, end=end, *args),
     (True,  True,  True):
-     lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, end=end, file=file, *args),
-    }
+        lambda args, sep, end, file: print(sep=sep, end=end, file=file, *args),
+}
+
 
 # Class used to test __str__ and print
 class ClassWith__str__:
     def __init__(self, x):
         self.x = x
+
     def __str__(self):
         return self.x
 
+
 class TestPrint(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test correct operation of the print function."""
+
     def check(self, expected, args,
-            sep=NotDefined, end=NotDefined, file=NotDefined):
+              sep=NotDefined, end=NotDefined, file=NotDefined):
         # Capture sys.stdout in a StringIO.  Call print with args,
-        #  and with sep, end, and file, if they're defined.  Result
-        #  must match expected.
+        # and with sep, end, and file, if they're defined.  Result
+        # must match expected.
 
-        # Look up the actual function to call, based on if sep, end, and file
-        #  are defined
+        # Look up the actual function to call, based on if sep, end,
+        # and file are defined.
         fn = dispatch[(sep is not NotDefined,
                        end is not NotDefined,
                        file is not NotDefined)]
@@ -69,7 +62,7 @@ class TestPrint(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_print(self):
         def x(expected, args, sep=NotDefined, end=NotDefined):
             # Run the test 2 ways: not using file, and using
-            #  file directed to a StringIO
+            # file directed to a StringIO.
 
             self.check(expected, args, sep=sep, end=end)
 
@@ -101,11 +94,6 @@ class TestPrint(unittest.TestCase):
         x('*\n', (ClassWith__str__('*'),))
         x('abc 1\n', (ClassWith__str__('abc'), 1))
 
-#        # 2.x unicode tests
-#        x(u'1 2\n', ('1', u'2'))
-#        x(u'u\1234\n', (u'u\1234',))
-#        x(u'  abc 1\n', (' ', ClassWith__str__(u'abc'), 1))
-
         # errors
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, print, '', sep=3)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, print, '', end=3)
@@ -113,12 +101,14 @@ class TestPrint(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_print_flush(self):
         # operation of the flush flag
-        class filelike():
+        class filelike:
             def __init__(self):
                 self.written = ''
                 self.flushed = 0
+
             def write(self, str):
                 self.written += str
+
             def flush(self):
                 self.flushed += 1
 
@@ -130,15 +120,13 @@ class TestPrint(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(f.flushed, 2)
 
         # ensure exceptions from flush are passed through
-        class noflush():
+        class noflush:
             def write(self, str):
                 pass
+
             def flush(self):
                 raise RuntimeError
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, print, 1, file=noflush(), flush=True)
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(TestPrint)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_profile.py b/Lib/test/test_profile.py
index cd7ec58e23..1fc3c42669 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_profile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_profile.py
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 import sys
 import pstats
 import unittest
+import os
 from difflib import unified_diff
 from io import StringIO
-from test.support import run_unittest
+from test.support import TESTFN, run_unittest, unlink
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 import profile
 from test.profilee import testfunc, timer
@@ -14,9 +16,13 @@ from test.profilee import testfunc, timer
 class ProfileTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     profilerclass = profile.Profile
+    profilermodule = profile
     methodnames = ['print_stats', 'print_callers', 'print_callees']
     expected_max_output = ':0(max)'
 
+    def tearDown(self):
+        unlink(TESTFN)
+
     def get_expected_output(self):
         return _ProfileOutput
 
@@ -74,6 +80,19 @@ class ProfileTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertIn(self.expected_max_output, res,
                 "Profiling {0!r} didn't report max:\n{1}".format(stmt, res))
 
+    def test_run(self):
+        with silent():
+            self.profilermodule.run("int('1')")
+        self.profilermodule.run("int('1')", filename=TESTFN)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(TESTFN))
+
+    def test_runctx(self):
+        with silent():
+            self.profilermodule.runctx("testfunc()", globals(), locals())
+        self.profilermodule.runctx("testfunc()", globals(), locals(),
+                                  filename=TESTFN)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(TESTFN))
+
 
 def regenerate_expected_output(filename, cls):
     filename = filename.rstrip('co')
@@ -95,6 +114,14 @@ def regenerate_expected_output(filename, cls):
                     method, results[i+1]))
         f.write('\nif __name__ == "__main__":\n    main()\n')
 
+@contextmanager
+def silent():
+    stdout = sys.stdout
+    try:
+        sys.stdout = StringIO()
+        yield
+    finally:
+        sys.stdout = stdout
 
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(ProfileTest)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pty.py b/Lib/test/test_pty.py
index 29297f8841..8916861f5b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pty.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pty.py
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class PtyTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ##debug("Reading from master_fd now that the child has exited")
             ##try:
             ##    s1 = os.read(master_fd, 1024)
-            ##except os.error:
+            ##except OSError:
             ##    pass
             ##else:
             ##    raise TestFailed("Read from master_fd did not raise exception")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_py_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_py_compile.py
index f3c1a6a44b..154c08a6a2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_py_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_py_compile.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-import imp
+import importlib.util
 import os
 import py_compile
 import shutil
+import stat
+import sys
 import tempfile
 import unittest
 
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ class PyCompileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.directory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
         self.source_path = os.path.join(self.directory, '_test.py')
         self.pyc_path = self.source_path + 'c'
-        self.cache_path = imp.cache_from_source(self.source_path)
+        self.cache_path = importlib.util.cache_from_source(self.source_path)
         self.cwd_drive = os.path.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[0]
         # In these tests we compute relative paths.  When using Windows, the
         # current working directory path and the 'self.source_path' might be
@@ -35,6 +37,26 @@ class PyCompileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.pyc_path))
         self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.cache_path))
 
+    def test_do_not_overwrite_symlinks(self):
+        # In the face of a cfile argument being a symlink, bail out.
+        # Issue #17222
+        try:
+            os.symlink(self.pyc_path + '.actual', self.pyc_path)
+        except (NotImplementedError, OSError):
+            self.skipTest('need to be able to create a symlink for a file')
+        else:
+            assert os.path.islink(self.pyc_path)
+            with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+                py_compile.compile(self.source_path, self.pyc_path)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(not os.path.exists(os.devnull) or os.path.isfile(os.devnull),
+                     'requires os.devnull and for it to be a non-regular file')
+    def test_do_not_overwrite_nonregular_files(self):
+        # In the face of a cfile argument being a non-regular file, bail out.
+        # Issue #17222
+        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError):
+            py_compile.compile(self.source_path, os.devnull)
+
     def test_cache_path(self):
         py_compile.compile(self.source_path)
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.cache_path))
@@ -54,8 +76,22 @@ class PyCompileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.pyc_path))
         self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.cache_path))
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(PyCompileTests)
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(os, 'geteuid') and os.geteuid() == 0,
+                     'non-root user required')
+    @unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt',
+                     'cannot control directory permissions on Windows')
+    def test_exceptions_propagate(self):
+        # Make sure that exceptions raised thanks to issues with writing
+        # bytecode.
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue17244
+        mode = os.stat(self.directory)
+        os.chmod(self.directory, stat.S_IREAD)
+        try:
+            with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+                py_compile.compile(self.source_path, self.pyc_path)
+        finally:
+            os.chmod(self.directory, mode.st_mode)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py b/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py
index e83989e2d8..88aff898d4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pyclbr.py
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class PyclbrTest(TestCase):
         self.checkModule('pyclbr')
         self.checkModule('ast')
         self.checkModule('doctest', ignore=("TestResults", "_SpoofOut",
-                                            "DocTestCase"))
+                                            "DocTestCase", '_DocTestSuite'))
         self.checkModule('difflib', ignore=("Match",))
 
     def test_decorators(self):
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class PyclbrTest(TestCase):
         cm('random', ignore=('Random',))  # from _random import Random as CoreGenerator
         cm('cgi', ignore=('log',))      # set with = in module
         cm('pickle')
-        cm('aifc', ignore=('openfp',))  # set with = in module
+        cm('aifc', ignore=('openfp', '_aifc_params'))  # set with = in module
         cm('sre_parse', ignore=('dump',)) # from sre_constants import *
         cm('pdb')
         cm('pydoc')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pydoc.py b/Lib/test/test_pydoc.py
index 43f4163dae..f26fb15f53 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pydoc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pydoc.py
@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ import difflib
 import inspect
 import pydoc
 import keyword
+import _pickle
 import pkgutil
 import re
 import string
 import test.support
 import time
+import types
 import unittest
 import xml.etree
 import textwrap
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 from test.support import (
     TESTFN, rmtree,
     reap_children, reap_threads, captured_output, captured_stdout,
-    captured_stderr, unlink
+    captured_stderr, unlink, requires_docstrings
 )
 from test import pydoc_mod
 
@@ -29,10 +31,6 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
 
-# Just in case sys.modules["test"] has the optional attribute __loader__.
-if hasattr(pydoc_mod, "__loader__"):
-    del pydoc_mod.__loader__
-
 if test.support.HAVE_DOCSTRINGS:
     expected_data_docstrings = (
         'dictionary for instance variables (if defined)',
@@ -212,6 +210,75 @@ missing_pattern = "no Python documentation found for '%s'"
 # output pattern for module with bad imports
 badimport_pattern = "problem in %s - ImportError: No module named %r"
 
+expected_dynamicattribute_pattern = """
+Help on class DA in module %s:
+
+class DA(builtins.object)
+ |  Data descriptors defined here:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  __dict__%s
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  __weakref__%s
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  ham
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ |  Data and other attributes inherited from Meta:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  ham = 'spam'
+""".strip()
+
+expected_virtualattribute_pattern1 = """
+Help on class Class in module %s:
+
+class Class(builtins.object)
+ |  Data and other attributes inherited from Meta:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  LIFE = 42
+""".strip()
+
+expected_virtualattribute_pattern2 = """
+Help on class Class1 in module %s:
+
+class Class1(builtins.object)
+ |  Data and other attributes inherited from Meta1:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  one = 1
+""".strip()
+
+expected_virtualattribute_pattern3 = """
+Help on class Class2 in module %s:
+
+class Class2(Class1)
+ |  Method resolution order:
+ |      Class2
+ |      Class1
+ |      builtins.object
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  Data and other attributes inherited from Meta1:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  one = 1
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ |  Data and other attributes inherited from Meta3:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  three = 3
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ |  Data and other attributes inherited from Meta2:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  two = 2
+""".strip()
+
+expected_missingattribute_pattern = """
+Help on class C in module %s:
+
+class C(builtins.object)
+ |  Data and other attributes defined here:
+ |\x20\x20
+ |  here = 'present!'
+""".strip()
+
 def run_pydoc(module_name, *args, **env):
     """
     Runs pydoc on the specified module. Returns the stripped
@@ -320,6 +387,16 @@ class PydocDocTest(unittest.TestCase):
             print_diffs(expected_text, result)
             self.fail("outputs are not equal, see diff above")
 
+    def test_text_enum_member_with_value_zero(self):
+        # Test issue #20654 to ensure enum member with value 0 can be
+        # displayed. It used to throw KeyError: 'zero'.
+        import enum
+        class BinaryInteger(enum.IntEnum):
+            zero = 0
+            one = 1
+        doc = pydoc.render_doc(BinaryInteger)
+        self.assertIn('<BinaryInteger.zero: 0>', doc)
+
     def test_issue8225(self):
         # Test issue8225 to ensure no doc link appears for xml.etree
         result, doc_loc = get_pydoc_text(xml.etree)
@@ -421,6 +498,38 @@ class PydocDocTest(unittest.TestCase):
             synopsis = pydoc.synopsis(TESTFN, {})
             self.assertEqual(synopsis, 'line 1: h\xe9')
 
+    def test_synopsis_sourceless(self):
+        expected = os.__doc__.splitlines()[0]
+        filename = os.__cached__
+        synopsis = pydoc.synopsis(filename)
+
+        self.assertEqual(synopsis, expected)
+
+    def test_splitdoc_with_description(self):
+        example_string = "I Am A Doc\n\n\nHere is my description"
+        self.assertEqual(pydoc.splitdoc(example_string),
+                         ('I Am A Doc', '\nHere is my description'))
+
+    def test_is_object_or_method(self):
+        doc = pydoc.Doc()
+        # Bound Method
+        self.assertTrue(pydoc._is_some_method(doc.fail))
+        # Method Descriptor
+        self.assertTrue(pydoc._is_some_method(int.__add__))
+        # String
+        self.assertFalse(pydoc._is_some_method("I am not a method"))
+
+    def test_is_package_when_not_package(self):
+        with test.support.temp_cwd() as test_dir:
+            self.assertFalse(pydoc.ispackage(test_dir))
+
+    def test_is_package_when_is_package(self):
+        with test.support.temp_cwd() as test_dir:
+            init_path = os.path.join(test_dir, '__init__.py')
+            open(init_path, 'w').close()
+            self.assertTrue(pydoc.ispackage(test_dir))
+            os.remove(init_path)
+
     def test_allmethods(self):
         # issue 17476: allmethods was no longer returning unbound methods.
         # This test is a bit fragile in the face of changes to object and type,
@@ -509,6 +618,55 @@ class PydocImportTest(PydocBaseTest):
         self.assertEqual(out.getvalue(), '')
         self.assertEqual(err.getvalue(), '')
 
+    @unittest.skip('causes undesireable side-effects (#20128)')
+    def test_modules(self):
+        # See Helper.listmodules().
+        num_header_lines = 2
+        num_module_lines_min = 5  # Playing it safe.
+        num_footer_lines = 3
+        expected = num_header_lines + num_module_lines_min + num_footer_lines
+
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        helper('modules')
+        result = output.getvalue().strip()
+        num_lines = len(result.splitlines())
+
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(num_lines, expected)
+
+    @unittest.skip('causes undesireable side-effects (#20128)')
+    def test_modules_search(self):
+        # See Helper.listmodules().
+        expected = 'pydoc - '
+
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        with captured_stdout() as help_io:
+            helper('modules pydoc')
+        result = help_io.getvalue()
+
+        self.assertIn(expected, result)
+
+    @unittest.skip('some buildbots are not cooperating (#20128)')
+    def test_modules_search_builtin(self):
+        expected = 'gc - '
+
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        with captured_stdout() as help_io:
+            helper('modules garbage')
+        result = help_io.getvalue()
+
+        self.assertTrue(result.startswith(expected))
+
+    def test_importfile(self):
+        loaded_pydoc = pydoc.importfile(pydoc.__file__)
+
+        self.assertIsNot(loaded_pydoc, pydoc)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__name__, 'pydoc')
+        self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__file__, pydoc.__file__)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded_pydoc.__spec__, pydoc.__spec__)
+
 
 class TestDescriptions(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -544,6 +702,42 @@ class TestDescriptions(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertIsNone(pydoc.locate(name))
             self.assertRaises(ImportError, pydoc.render_doc, name)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_summary_line(o):
+        text = pydoc.plain(pydoc.render_doc(o))
+        lines = text.split('\n')
+        assert len(lines) >= 2
+        return lines[2]
+
+    # these should include "self"
+    def test_unbound_python_method(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self._get_summary_line(textwrap.TextWrapper.wrap),
+            "wrap(self, text)")
+
+    @requires_docstrings
+    def test_unbound_builtin_method(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self._get_summary_line(_pickle.Pickler.dump),
+            "dump(self, obj, /)")
+
+    # these no longer include "self"
+    def test_bound_python_method(self):
+        t = textwrap.TextWrapper()
+        self.assertEqual(self._get_summary_line(t.wrap),
+            "wrap(text) method of textwrap.TextWrapper instance")
+
+    @requires_docstrings
+    def test_bound_builtin_method(self):
+        s = StringIO()
+        p = _pickle.Pickler(s)
+        self.assertEqual(self._get_summary_line(p.dump),
+            "dump(obj, /) method of _pickle.Pickler instance")
+
+    # this should *never* include self!
+    @requires_docstrings
+    def test_module_level_callable(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self._get_summary_line(os.stat),
+            "stat(path, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True)")
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
 class PydocServerTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -615,6 +809,128 @@ class TestHelper(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(sorted(pydoc.Helper.keywords),
                          sorted(keyword.kwlist))
 
+class PydocWithMetaClasses(unittest.TestCase):
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                     'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    def test_DynamicClassAttribute(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name == 'ham':
+                    return 'spam'
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class DA(metaclass=Meta):
+            @types.DynamicClassAttribute
+            def ham(self):
+                return 'eggs'
+        expected_text_data_docstrings = tuple('\n |      ' + s if s else ''
+                                      for s in expected_data_docstrings)
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        helper(DA)
+        expected_text = expected_dynamicattribute_pattern % (
+                (__name__,) + expected_text_data_docstrings[:2])
+        result = output.getvalue().strip()
+        if result != expected_text:
+            print_diffs(expected_text, result)
+            self.fail("outputs are not equal, see diff above")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                     'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    def test_virtualClassAttributeWithOneMeta(self):
+        class Meta(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'LIFE']
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='LIFE':
+                    return 42
+                return super().__getattr(name)
+        class Class(metaclass=Meta):
+            pass
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        helper(Class)
+        expected_text = expected_virtualattribute_pattern1 % __name__
+        result = output.getvalue().strip()
+        if result != expected_text:
+            print_diffs(expected_text, result)
+            self.fail("outputs are not equal, see diff above")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                     'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    def test_virtualClassAttributeWithTwoMeta(self):
+        class Meta1(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'one']
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='one':
+                    return 1
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class Meta2(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'two']
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='two':
+                    return 2
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class Meta3(Meta1, Meta2):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return list(sorted(set(
+                    ['__class__', '__module__', '__name__', 'three'] +
+                    Meta1.__dir__(cls) + Meta2.__dir__(cls))))
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name =='three':
+                    return 3
+                return super().__getattr__(name)
+        class Class1(metaclass=Meta1):
+            pass
+        class Class2(Class1, metaclass=Meta3):
+            pass
+        fail1 = fail2 = False
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        helper(Class1)
+        expected_text1 = expected_virtualattribute_pattern2 % __name__
+        result1 = output.getvalue().strip()
+        if result1 != expected_text1:
+            print_diffs(expected_text1, result1)
+            fail1 = True
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        helper(Class2)
+        expected_text2 = expected_virtualattribute_pattern3 % __name__
+        result2 = output.getvalue().strip()
+        if result2 != expected_text2:
+            print_diffs(expected_text2, result2)
+            fail2 = True
+        if fail1 or fail2:
+            self.fail("outputs are not equal, see diff above")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                     'trace function introduces __locals__ unexpectedly')
+    def test_buggy_dir(self):
+        class M(type):
+            def __dir__(cls):
+                return ['__class__', '__name__', 'missing', 'here']
+        class C(metaclass=M):
+            here = 'present!'
+        output = StringIO()
+        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
+        helper(C)
+        expected_text = expected_missingattribute_pattern % __name__
+        result = output.getvalue().strip()
+        if result != expected_text:
+            print_diffs(expected_text, result)
+            self.fail("outputs are not equal, see diff above")
+
+
 @reap_threads
 def test_main():
     try:
@@ -624,6 +940,7 @@ def test_main():
                                   PydocServerTest,
                                   PydocUrlHandlerTest,
                                   TestHelper,
+                                  PydocWithMetaClasses,
                                   )
     finally:
         reap_children()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_random.py b/Lib/test/test_random.py
index a475207fbd..37a222d622 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_random.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_random.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 import random
 import time
 import pickle
 import warnings
+from functools import partial
 from math import log, exp, pi, fsum, sin
 from test import support
 
@@ -44,6 +46,48 @@ class TestBasicOps:
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.seed, 1, 2, 3, 4)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, type(self.gen), [])
 
+    @unittest.mock.patch('random._urandom') # os.urandom
+    def test_seed_when_randomness_source_not_found(self, urandom_mock):
+        # Random.seed() uses time.time() when an operating system specific
+        # randomness source is not found. To test this on machines were it
+        # exists, run the above test, test_seedargs(), again after mocking
+        # os.urandom() so that it raises the exception expected when the
+        # randomness source is not available.
+        urandom_mock.side_effect = NotImplementedError
+        self.test_seedargs()
+
+    def test_shuffle(self):
+        shuffle = self.gen.shuffle
+        lst = []
+        shuffle(lst)
+        self.assertEqual(lst, [])
+        lst = [37]
+        shuffle(lst)
+        self.assertEqual(lst, [37])
+        seqs = [list(range(n)) for n in range(10)]
+        shuffled_seqs = [list(range(n)) for n in range(10)]
+        for shuffled_seq in shuffled_seqs:
+            shuffle(shuffled_seq)
+        for (seq, shuffled_seq) in zip(seqs, shuffled_seqs):
+            self.assertEqual(len(seq), len(shuffled_seq))
+            self.assertEqual(set(seq), set(shuffled_seq))
+        # The above tests all would pass if the shuffle was a
+        # no-op. The following non-deterministic test covers that.  It
+        # asserts that the shuffled sequence of 1000 distinct elements
+        # must be different from the original one. Although there is
+        # mathematically a non-zero probability that this could
+        # actually happen in a genuinely random shuffle, it is
+        # completely negligible, given that the number of possible
+        # permutations of 1000 objects is 1000! (factorial of 1000),
+        # which is considerably larger than the number of atoms in the
+        # universe...
+        lst = list(range(1000))
+        shuffled_lst = list(range(1000))
+        shuffle(shuffled_lst)
+        self.assertTrue(lst != shuffled_lst)
+        shuffle(lst)
+        self.assertTrue(lst != shuffled_lst)
+
     def test_choice(self):
         choice = self.gen.choice
         with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
@@ -63,6 +107,8 @@ class TestBasicOps:
             self.assertEqual(len(uniq), k)
             self.assertTrue(uniq <= set(population))
         self.assertEqual(self.gen.sample([], 0), [])  # test edge case N==k==0
+        # Exception raised if size of sample exceeds that of population
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.sample, population, N+1)
 
     def test_sample_distribution(self):
         # For the entire allowable range of 0 <= k <= N, validate that
@@ -203,6 +249,25 @@ class SystemRandom_TestBasicOps(TestBasicOps, unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(set(range(start,stop)),
                 set([self.gen.randrange(start,stop) for i in range(100)]))
 
+    def test_randrange_nonunit_step(self):
+        rint = self.gen.randrange(0, 10, 2)
+        self.assertIn(rint, (0, 2, 4, 6, 8))
+        rint = self.gen.randrange(0, 2, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(rint, 0)
+
+    def test_randrange_errors(self):
+        raises = partial(self.assertRaises, ValueError, self.gen.randrange)
+        # Empty range
+        raises(3, 3)
+        raises(-721)
+        raises(0, 100, -12)
+        # Non-integer start/stop
+        raises(3.14159)
+        raises(0, 2.71828)
+        # Zero and non-integer step
+        raises(0, 42, 0)
+        raises(0, 42, 3.14159)
+
     def test_genrandbits(self):
         # Verify ranges
         for k in range(1, 1000):
@@ -272,6 +337,16 @@ class MersenneTwister_TestBasicOps(TestBasicOps, unittest.TestCase):
         # Last element s/b an int also
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.setstate, (2, (0,)*624+('a',), None))
 
+        # Little trick to make "tuple(x % (2**32) for x in internalstate)"
+        # raise ValueError. I cannot think of a simple way to achieve this, so
+        # I am opting for using a generator as the middle argument of setstate
+        # which attempts to cast a NaN to integer.
+        state_values = self.gen.getstate()[1]
+        state_values = list(state_values)
+        state_values[-1] = float('nan')
+        state = (int(x) for x in state_values)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.setstate, (2, state, None))
+
     def test_referenceImplementation(self):
         # Compare the python implementation with results from the original
         # code.  Create 2000 53-bit precision random floats.  Compare only
@@ -411,6 +486,38 @@ class MersenneTwister_TestBasicOps(TestBasicOps, unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(k, numbits)        # note the stronger assertion
             self.assertTrue(2**k > n > 2**(k-1))   # note the stronger assertion
 
+    @unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.random')
+    def test_randbelow_overriden_random(self, random_mock):
+        # Random._randbelow() can only use random() when the built-in one
+        # has been overridden but no new getrandbits() method was supplied.
+        random_mock.side_effect = random.SystemRandom().random
+        maxsize = 1<<random.BPF
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
+            # Population range too large (n >= maxsize)
+            self.gen._randbelow(maxsize+1, maxsize = maxsize)
+        self.gen._randbelow(5640, maxsize = maxsize)
+
+        # This might be going too far to test a single line, but because of our
+        # noble aim of achieving 100% test coverage we need to write a case in
+        # which the following line in Random._randbelow() gets executed:
+        #
+        # rem = maxsize % n
+        # limit = (maxsize - rem) / maxsize
+        # r = random()
+        # while r >= limit:
+        #     r = random() # <== *This line* <==<
+        #
+        # Therefore, to guarantee that the while loop is executed at least
+        # once, we need to mock random() so that it returns a number greater
+        # than 'limit' the first time it gets called.
+
+        n = 42
+        epsilon = 0.01
+        limit = (maxsize - (maxsize % n)) / maxsize
+        random_mock.side_effect = [limit + epsilon, limit - epsilon]
+        self.gen._randbelow(n, maxsize = maxsize)
+
     def test_randrange_bug_1590891(self):
         start = 1000000000000
         stop = -100000000000000000000
@@ -528,6 +635,106 @@ class TestDistributions(unittest.TestCase):
         random.vonmisesvariate(0, 1e15)
         random.vonmisesvariate(0, 1e100)
 
+    def test_gammavariate_errors(self):
+        # Both alpha and beta must be > 0.0
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, -1, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, 0, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, 2, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, 1, -3)
+
+    @unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.random')
+    def test_gammavariate_full_code_coverage(self, random_mock):
+        # There are three different possibilities in the current implementation
+        # of random.gammavariate(), depending on the value of 'alpha'. What we
+        # are going to do here is to fix the values returned by random() to
+        # generate test cases that provide 100% line coverage of the method.
+
+        # #1: alpha > 1.0: we want the first random number to be outside the
+        # [1e-7, .9999999] range, so that the continue statement executes
+        # once. The values of u1 and u2 will be 0.5 and 0.3, respectively.
+        random_mock.side_effect = [1e-8, 0.5, 0.3]
+        returned_value = random.gammavariate(1.1, 2.3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 2.53)
+
+        # #2: alpha == 1: first random number less than 1e-7 to that the body
+        # of the while loop executes once. Then random.random() returns 0.45,
+        # which causes while to stop looping and the algorithm to terminate.
+        random_mock.side_effect = [1e-8, 0.45]
+        returned_value = random.gammavariate(1.0, 3.14)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 2.507314166123803)
+
+        # #3: 0 < alpha < 1. This is the most complex region of code to cover,
+        # as there are multiple if-else statements. Let's take a look at the
+        # source code, and determine the values that we need accordingly:
+        #
+        # while 1:
+        #     u = random()
+        #     b = (_e + alpha)/_e
+        #     p = b*u
+        #     if p <= 1.0: # <=== (A)
+        #         x = p ** (1.0/alpha)
+        #     else: # <=== (B)
+        #         x = -_log((b-p)/alpha)
+        #     u1 = random()
+        #     if p > 1.0: # <=== (C)
+        #         if u1 <= x ** (alpha - 1.0): # <=== (D)
+        #             break
+        #     elif u1 <= _exp(-x): # <=== (E)
+        #         break
+        # return x * beta
+        #
+        # First, we want (A) to be True. For that we need that:
+        # b*random() <= 1.0
+        # r1 = random() <= 1.0 / b
+        #
+        # We now get to the second if-else branch, and here, since p <= 1.0,
+        # (C) is False and we take the elif branch, (E). For it to be True,
+        # so that the break is executed, we need that:
+        # r2 = random() <= _exp(-x)
+        # r2 <= _exp(-(p ** (1.0/alpha)))
+        # r2 <= _exp(-((b*r1) ** (1.0/alpha)))
+
+        _e = random._e
+        _exp = random._exp
+        _log = random._log
+        alpha = 0.35
+        beta = 1.45
+        b = (_e + alpha)/_e
+        epsilon = 0.01
+
+        r1 = 0.8859296441566 # 1.0 / b
+        r2 = 0.3678794411714 # _exp(-((b*r1) ** (1.0/alpha)))
+
+        # These four "random" values result in the following trace:
+        # (A) True, (E) False --> [next iteration of while]
+        # (A) True, (E) True --> [while loop breaks]
+        random_mock.side_effect = [r1, r2 + epsilon, r1, r2]
+        returned_value = random.gammavariate(alpha, beta)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 1.4499999999997544)
+
+        # Let's now make (A) be False. If this is the case, when we get to the
+        # second if-else 'p' is greater than 1, so (C) evaluates to True. We
+        # now encounter a second if statement, (D), which in order to execute
+        # must satisfy the following condition:
+        # r2 <= x ** (alpha - 1.0)
+        # r2 <= (-_log((b-p)/alpha)) ** (alpha - 1.0)
+        # r2 <= (-_log((b-(b*r1))/alpha)) ** (alpha - 1.0)
+        r1 = 0.8959296441566 # (1.0 / b) + epsilon -- so that (A) is False
+        r2 = 0.9445400408898141
+
+        # And these four values result in the following trace:
+        # (B) and (C) True, (D) False --> [next iteration of while]
+        # (B) and (C) True, (D) True [while loop breaks]
+        random_mock.side_effect = [r1, r2 + epsilon, r1, r2]
+        returned_value = random.gammavariate(alpha, beta)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 1.5830349561760781)
+
+    @unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.gammavariate')
+    def test_betavariate_return_zero(self, gammavariate_mock):
+        # betavariate() returns zero when the Gamma distribution
+        # that it uses internally returns this same value.
+        gammavariate_mock.return_value = 0.0
+        self.assertEqual(0.0, random.betavariate(2.71828, 3.14159))
 
 class TestModule(unittest.TestCase):
     def testMagicConstants(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_range.py b/Lib/test/test_range.py
index 2a13bfeabd..d9d4cf88a2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_range.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_range.py
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class RangeTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, IN())
 
         # Test use of user-defined classes in slice indices.
-        self.assertEqual(list(range(10)[:I(5)]), list(range(5)))
+        self.assertEqual(range(10)[:I(5)], range(5))
 
         with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
             range(0, 10)[:IX()]
@@ -353,9 +353,10 @@ class RangeTest(unittest.TestCase):
                      (13, 21, 3), (-2, 2, 2), (2**65, 2**65+2)]
         for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
             for t in testcases:
-                r = range(*t)
-                self.assertEqual(list(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(r, proto))),
-                                 list(r))
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, test=t):
+                    r = range(*t)
+                    self.assertEqual(list(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(r, proto))),
+                                     list(r))
 
     def test_iterator_pickling(self):
         testcases = [(13,), (0, 11), (-22, 10), (20, 3, -1),
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_re.py b/Lib/test/test_re.py
index 1c6f45dfa6..a229e235ca 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_re.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_re.py
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ from test.support import verbose, run_unittest, gc_collect, bigmemtest, _2G, \
 import io
 import re
 from re import Scanner
+import sre_compile
 import sre_constants
 import sys
 import string
 import traceback
+import unittest
 from weakref import proxy
 
 # Misc tests from Tim Peters' re.doc
@@ -15,10 +17,26 @@ from weakref import proxy
 # what you're doing. Some of these tests were carefully modeled to
 # cover most of the code.
 
-import unittest
+class S(str):
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return S(super().__getitem__(index))
+
+class B(bytes):
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return B(super().__getitem__(index))
 
 class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    def assertTypedEqual(self, actual, expect, msg=None):
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expect, msg)
+        def recurse(actual, expect):
+            if isinstance(expect, (tuple, list)):
+                for x, y in zip(actual, expect):
+                    recurse(x, y)
+            else:
+                self.assertIs(type(actual), type(expect), msg)
+        recurse(actual, expect)
+
     def test_keep_buffer(self):
         # See bug 14212
         b = bytearray(b'x')
@@ -53,6 +71,15 @@ class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
         return str(int_value + 1)
 
     def test_basic_re_sub(self):
+        self.assertTypedEqual(re.sub('y', 'a', 'xyz'), 'xaz')
+        self.assertTypedEqual(re.sub('y', S('a'), S('xyz')), 'xaz')
+        self.assertTypedEqual(re.sub(b'y', b'a', b'xyz'), b'xaz')
+        self.assertTypedEqual(re.sub(b'y', B(b'a'), B(b'xyz')), b'xaz')
+        self.assertTypedEqual(re.sub(b'y', bytearray(b'a'), bytearray(b'xyz')), b'xaz')
+        self.assertTypedEqual(re.sub(b'y', memoryview(b'a'), memoryview(b'xyz')), b'xaz')
+        for y in ("\xe0", "\u0430", "\U0001d49c"):
+            self.assertEqual(re.sub(y, 'a', 'x%sz' % y), 'xaz')
+
         self.assertEqual(re.sub("(?i)b+", "x", "bbbb BBBB"), 'x x')
         self.assertEqual(re.sub(r'\d+', self.bump_num, '08.2 -2 23x99y'),
                          '9.3 -3 24x100y')
@@ -210,10 +237,29 @@ class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(re.subn("b*", "x", "xyz", 2), ('xxxyz', 2))
 
     def test_re_split(self):
-        self.assertEqual(re.split(":", ":a:b::c"), ['', 'a', 'b', '', 'c'])
-        self.assertEqual(re.split(":*", ":a:b::c"), ['', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
-        self.assertEqual(re.split("(:*)", ":a:b::c"),
-                         ['', ':', 'a', ':', 'b', '::', 'c'])
+        for string in ":a:b::c", S(":a:b::c"):
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.split(":", string),
+                                  ['', 'a', 'b', '', 'c'])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.split(":*", string),
+                                  ['', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.split("(:*)", string),
+                                  ['', ':', 'a', ':', 'b', '::', 'c'])
+        for string in (b":a:b::c", B(b":a:b::c"), bytearray(b":a:b::c"),
+                       memoryview(b":a:b::c")):
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.split(b":", string),
+                                  [b'', b'a', b'b', b'', b'c'])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.split(b":*", string),
+                                  [b'', b'a', b'b', b'c'])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.split(b"(:*)", string),
+                                  [b'', b':', b'a', b':', b'b', b'::', b'c'])
+        for a, b, c in ("\xe0\xdf\xe7", "\u0430\u0431\u0432",
+                        "\U0001d49c\U0001d49e\U0001d4b5"):
+            string = ":%s:%s::%s" % (a, b, c)
+            self.assertEqual(re.split(":", string), ['', a, b, '', c])
+            self.assertEqual(re.split(":*", string), ['', a, b, c])
+            self.assertEqual(re.split("(:*)", string),
+                             ['', ':', a, ':', b, '::', c])
+
         self.assertEqual(re.split("(?::*)", ":a:b::c"), ['', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
         self.assertEqual(re.split("(:)*", ":a:b::c"),
                          ['', ':', 'a', ':', 'b', ':', 'c'])
@@ -235,22 +281,53 @@ class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_re_findall(self):
         self.assertEqual(re.findall(":+", "abc"), [])
-        self.assertEqual(re.findall(":+", "a:b::c:::d"), [":", "::", ":::"])
-        self.assertEqual(re.findall("(:+)", "a:b::c:::d"), [":", "::", ":::"])
-        self.assertEqual(re.findall("(:)(:*)", "a:b::c:::d"), [(":", ""),
-                                                               (":", ":"),
-                                                               (":", "::")])
+        for string in "a:b::c:::d", S("a:b::c:::d"):
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.findall(":+", string),
+                                  [":", "::", ":::"])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.findall("(:+)", string),
+                                  [":", "::", ":::"])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.findall("(:)(:*)", string),
+                                  [(":", ""), (":", ":"), (":", "::")])
+        for string in (b"a:b::c:::d", B(b"a:b::c:::d"), bytearray(b"a:b::c:::d"),
+                       memoryview(b"a:b::c:::d")):
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.findall(b":+", string),
+                                  [b":", b"::", b":::"])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.findall(b"(:+)", string),
+                                  [b":", b"::", b":::"])
+            self.assertTypedEqual(re.findall(b"(:)(:*)", string),
+                                  [(b":", b""), (b":", b":"), (b":", b"::")])
+        for x in ("\xe0", "\u0430", "\U0001d49c"):
+            xx = x * 2
+            xxx = x * 3
+            string = "a%sb%sc%sd" % (x, xx, xxx)
+            self.assertEqual(re.findall("%s+" % x, string), [x, xx, xxx])
+            self.assertEqual(re.findall("(%s+)" % x, string), [x, xx, xxx])
+            self.assertEqual(re.findall("(%s)(%s*)" % (x, x), string),
+                             [(x, ""), (x, x), (x, xx)])
 
     def test_bug_117612(self):
         self.assertEqual(re.findall(r"(a|(b))", "aba"),
                          [("a", ""),("b", "b"),("a", "")])
 
     def test_re_match(self):
-        self.assertEqual(re.match('a', 'a').groups(), ())
-        self.assertEqual(re.match('(a)', 'a').groups(), ('a',))
-        self.assertEqual(re.match(r'(a)', 'a').group(0), 'a')
-        self.assertEqual(re.match(r'(a)', 'a').group(1), 'a')
-        self.assertEqual(re.match(r'(a)', 'a').group(1, 1), ('a', 'a'))
+        for string in 'a', S('a'):
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('a', string).groups(), ())
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(a)', string).groups(), ('a',))
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(a)', string).group(0), 'a')
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(a)', string).group(1), 'a')
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(a)', string).group(1, 1), ('a', 'a'))
+        for string in b'a', B(b'a'), bytearray(b'a'), memoryview(b'a'):
+            self.assertEqual(re.match(b'a', string).groups(), ())
+            self.assertEqual(re.match(b'(a)', string).groups(), (b'a',))
+            self.assertEqual(re.match(b'(a)', string).group(0), b'a')
+            self.assertEqual(re.match(b'(a)', string).group(1), b'a')
+            self.assertEqual(re.match(b'(a)', string).group(1, 1), (b'a', b'a'))
+        for a in ("\xe0", "\u0430", "\U0001d49c"):
+            self.assertEqual(re.match(a, a).groups(), ())
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(%s)' % a, a).groups(), (a,))
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(%s)' % a, a).group(0), a)
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(%s)' % a, a).group(1), a)
+            self.assertEqual(re.match('(%s)' % a, a).group(1, 1), (a, a))
 
         pat = re.compile('((a)|(b))(c)?')
         self.assertEqual(pat.match('a').groups(), ('a', 'a', None, None))
@@ -272,6 +349,36 @@ class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
                          (None, 'b', None))
         self.assertEqual(pat.match('ac').group(1, 'b2', 3), ('a', None, 'c'))
 
+    def test_re_fullmatch(self):
+        # Issue 16203: Proposal: add re.fullmatch() method.
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"a", "a").span(), (0, 1))
+        for string in "ab", S("ab"):
+            self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"a|ab", string).span(), (0, 2))
+        for string in b"ab", B(b"ab"), bytearray(b"ab"), memoryview(b"ab"):
+            self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(br"a|ab", string).span(), (0, 2))
+        for a, b in "\xe0\xdf", "\u0430\u0431", "\U0001d49c\U0001d49e":
+            r = r"%s|%s" % (a, a + b)
+            self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r, a + b).span(), (0, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r".*?$", "abc").span(), (0, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r".*?", "abc").span(), (0, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"a.*?b", "ab").span(), (0, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"a.*?b", "abb").span(), (0, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"a.*?b", "axxb").span(), (0, 4))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(r"a+", "ab"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(r"abc$", "abc\n"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(r"abc\Z", "abc\n"))
+        self.assertIsNone(re.fullmatch(r"(?m)abc$", "abc\n"))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"ab(?=c)cd", "abcd").span(), (0, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"ab(?<=b)cd", "abcd").span(), (0, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch(r"(?=a|ab)ab", "ab").span(), (0, 2))
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            re.compile(r"bc").fullmatch("abcd", pos=1, endpos=3).span(), (1, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            re.compile(r".*?$").fullmatch("abcd", pos=1, endpos=3).span(), (1, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            re.compile(r".*?").fullmatch("abcd", pos=1, endpos=3).span(), (1, 3))
+
     def test_re_groupref_exists(self):
         self.assertEqual(re.match('^(\()?([^()]+)(?(1)\))$', '(a)').groups(),
                          ('(', 'a'))
@@ -1053,6 +1160,28 @@ class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(re.compile(pattern, re.S).findall(b'xyz'),
                                  [b'xyz'], msg=pattern)
 
+    def test_match_repr(self):
+        for string in '[abracadabra]', S('[abracadabra]'):
+            m = re.search(r'(.+)(.*?)\1', string)
+            self.assertEqual(repr(m), "<%s.%s object; "
+                             "span=(1, 12), match='abracadabra'>" %
+                             (type(m).__module__, type(m).__qualname__))
+        for string in (b'[abracadabra]', B(b'[abracadabra]'),
+                       bytearray(b'[abracadabra]'),
+                       memoryview(b'[abracadabra]')):
+            m = re.search(rb'(.+)(.*?)\1', string)
+            self.assertEqual(repr(m), "<%s.%s object; "
+                             "span=(1, 12), match=b'abracadabra'>" %
+                             (type(m).__module__, type(m).__qualname__))
+
+        first, second = list(re.finditer("(aa)|(bb)", "aa bb"))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(first), "<%s.%s object; "
+                         "span=(0, 2), match='aa'>" %
+                         (type(second).__module__, type(first).__qualname__))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(second), "<%s.%s object; "
+                         "span=(3, 5), match='bb'>" %
+                         (type(second).__module__, type(second).__qualname__))
+
 
     def test_bug_2537(self):
         # issue 2537: empty submatches
@@ -1077,6 +1206,83 @@ class ReTests(unittest.TestCase):
                          ['literal 102 ', 'literal 111 ', 'literal 111 '])
 
 
+class PatternReprTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def check(self, pattern, expected):
+        self.assertEqual(repr(re.compile(pattern)), expected)
+
+    def check_flags(self, pattern, flags, expected):
+        self.assertEqual(repr(re.compile(pattern, flags)), expected)
+
+    def test_without_flags(self):
+        self.check('random pattern',
+                   "re.compile('random pattern')")
+
+    def test_single_flag(self):
+        self.check_flags('random pattern', re.IGNORECASE,
+            "re.compile('random pattern', re.IGNORECASE)")
+
+    def test_multiple_flags(self):
+        self.check_flags('random pattern', re.I|re.S|re.X,
+            "re.compile('random pattern', "
+            "re.IGNORECASE|re.DOTALL|re.VERBOSE)")
+
+    def test_unicode_flag(self):
+        self.check_flags('random pattern', re.U,
+                         "re.compile('random pattern')")
+        self.check_flags('random pattern', re.I|re.S|re.U,
+                         "re.compile('random pattern', "
+                         "re.IGNORECASE|re.DOTALL)")
+
+    def test_inline_flags(self):
+        self.check('(?i)pattern',
+                   "re.compile('(?i)pattern', re.IGNORECASE)")
+
+    def test_unknown_flags(self):
+        self.check_flags('random pattern', 0x123000,
+                         "re.compile('random pattern', 0x123000)")
+        self.check_flags('random pattern', 0x123000|re.I,
+            "re.compile('random pattern', re.IGNORECASE|0x123000)")
+
+    def test_bytes(self):
+        self.check(b'bytes pattern',
+                   "re.compile(b'bytes pattern')")
+        self.check_flags(b'bytes pattern', re.A,
+                         "re.compile(b'bytes pattern', re.ASCII)")
+
+    def test_quotes(self):
+        self.check('random "double quoted" pattern',
+            '''re.compile('random "double quoted" pattern')''')
+        self.check("random 'single quoted' pattern",
+            '''re.compile("random 'single quoted' pattern")''')
+        self.check('''both 'single' and "double" quotes''',
+            '''re.compile('both \\'single\\' and "double" quotes')''')
+
+    def test_long_pattern(self):
+        pattern = 'Very %spattern' % ('long ' * 1000)
+        r = repr(re.compile(pattern))
+        self.assertLess(len(r), 300)
+        self.assertEqual(r[:30], "re.compile('Very long long lon")
+        r = repr(re.compile(pattern, re.I))
+        self.assertLess(len(r), 300)
+        self.assertEqual(r[:30], "re.compile('Very long long lon")
+        self.assertEqual(r[-16:], ", re.IGNORECASE)")
+
+
+class ImplementationTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Test implementation details of the re module.
+    """
+
+    def test_overlap_table(self):
+        f = sre_compile._generate_overlap_table
+        self.assertEqual(f(""), [])
+        self.assertEqual(f("a"), [0])
+        self.assertEqual(f("abcd"), [0, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.assertEqual(f("aaaa"), [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        self.assertEqual(f("ababba"), [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1])
+        self.assertEqual(f("abcabdac"), [0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0])
+
+
 def run_re_tests():
     from test.re_tests import tests, SUCCEED, FAIL, SYNTAX_ERROR
     if verbose:
@@ -1206,7 +1412,7 @@ def run_re_tests():
 
 
 def test_main():
-    run_unittest(ReTests)
+    run_unittest(__name__)
     run_re_tests()
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_regrtest.py b/Lib/test/test_regrtest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a398a4f836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_regrtest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+"""
+Tests of regrtest.py.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import faulthandler
+import getopt
+import os.path
+import unittest
+from test import regrtest, support
+
+class ParseArgsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    """Test regrtest's argument parsing."""
+
+    def checkError(self, args, msg):
+        with support.captured_stderr() as err, self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+            regrtest._parse_args(args)
+        self.assertIn(msg, err.getvalue())
+
+    def test_help(self):
+        for opt in '-h', '--help':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                with support.captured_stdout() as out, \
+                     self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+                    regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertIn('Run Python regression tests.', out.getvalue())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(faulthandler, 'dump_traceback_later'),
+                         "faulthandler.dump_traceback_later() required")
+    def test_timeout(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--timeout', '4.2'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.timeout, 4.2)
+        self.checkError(['--timeout'], 'expected one argument')
+        self.checkError(['--timeout', 'foo'], 'invalid float value')
+
+    def test_wait(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--wait'])
+        self.assertTrue(ns.wait)
+
+    def test_slaveargs(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--slaveargs', '[[], {}]'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.slaveargs, '[[], {}]')
+        self.checkError(['--slaveargs'], 'expected one argument')
+
+    def test_start(self):
+        for opt in '-S', '--start':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, 'foo'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.start, 'foo')
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+
+    def test_verbose(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['-v'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 1)
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['-vvv'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 3)
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--verbose'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 1)
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--verbose'] * 3)
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 3)
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args([])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 0)
+
+    def test_verbose2(self):
+        for opt in '-w', '--verbose2':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.verbose2)
+
+    def test_verbose3(self):
+        for opt in '-W', '--verbose3':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.verbose3)
+
+    def test_quiet(self):
+        for opt in '-q', '--quiet':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.quiet)
+                self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 0)
+
+    def test_slow(self):
+        for opt in '-o', '--slow':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.print_slow)
+
+    def test_header(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--header'])
+        self.assertTrue(ns.header)
+
+    def test_randomize(self):
+        for opt in '-r', '--randomize':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.randomize)
+
+    def test_randseed(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--randseed', '12345'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.random_seed, 12345)
+        self.assertTrue(ns.randomize)
+        self.checkError(['--randseed'], 'expected one argument')
+        self.checkError(['--randseed', 'foo'], 'invalid int value')
+
+    def test_fromfile(self):
+        for opt in '-f', '--fromfile':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, 'foo'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.fromfile, 'foo')
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+                self.checkError([opt, 'foo', '-s'], "don't go together")
+
+    def test_exclude(self):
+        for opt in '-x', '--exclude':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.exclude)
+
+    def test_single(self):
+        for opt in '-s', '--single':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.single)
+                self.checkError([opt, '-f', 'foo'], "don't go together")
+
+    def test_match(self):
+        for opt in '-m', '--match':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, 'pattern'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.match_tests, 'pattern')
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+
+    def test_failfast(self):
+        for opt in '-G', '--failfast':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, '-v'])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.failfast)
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, '-W'])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.failfast)
+                self.checkError([opt], '-G/--failfast needs either -v or -W')
+
+    def test_use(self):
+        for opt in '-u', '--use':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, 'gui,network'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.use_resources, ['gui', 'network'])
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, 'gui,none,network'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.use_resources, ['network'])
+                expected = list(regrtest.RESOURCE_NAMES)
+                expected.remove('gui')
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, 'all,-gui'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.use_resources, expected)
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+                self.checkError([opt, 'foo'], 'invalid resource')
+
+    def test_memlimit(self):
+        for opt in '-M', '--memlimit':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, '4G'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.memlimit, '4G')
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+
+    def test_testdir(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--testdir', 'foo'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.testdir, os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, 'foo'))
+        self.checkError(['--testdir'], 'expected one argument')
+
+    def test_runleaks(self):
+        for opt in '-L', '--runleaks':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.runleaks)
+
+    def test_huntrleaks(self):
+        for opt in '-R', '--huntrleaks':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, ':'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.huntrleaks, (5, 4, 'reflog.txt'))
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, '6:'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.huntrleaks, (6, 4, 'reflog.txt'))
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, ':3'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.huntrleaks, (5, 3, 'reflog.txt'))
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, '6:3:leaks.log'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.huntrleaks, (6, 3, 'leaks.log'))
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+                self.checkError([opt, '6'],
+                                'needs 2 or 3 colon-separated arguments')
+                self.checkError([opt, 'foo:'], 'invalid huntrleaks value')
+                self.checkError([opt, '6:foo'], 'invalid huntrleaks value')
+
+    def test_multiprocess(self):
+        for opt in '-j', '--multiprocess':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, '2'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.use_mp, 2)
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+                self.checkError([opt, 'foo'], 'invalid int value')
+                self.checkError([opt, '2', '-T'], "don't go together")
+                self.checkError([opt, '2', '-l'], "don't go together")
+                self.checkError([opt, '2', '-M', '4G'], "don't go together")
+
+    def test_coverage(self):
+        for opt in '-T', '--coverage':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.trace)
+
+    def test_coverdir(self):
+        for opt in '-D', '--coverdir':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, 'foo'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.coverdir,
+                                 os.path.join(support.SAVEDCWD, 'foo'))
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+
+    def test_nocoverdir(self):
+        for opt in '-N', '--nocoverdir':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertIsNone(ns.coverdir)
+
+    def test_threshold(self):
+        for opt in '-t', '--threshold':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt, '1000'])
+                self.assertEqual(ns.threshold, 1000)
+                self.checkError([opt], 'expected one argument')
+                self.checkError([opt, 'foo'], 'invalid int value')
+
+    def test_nowindows(self):
+        for opt in '-n', '--nowindows':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.nowindows)
+
+    def test_forever(self):
+        for opt in '-F', '--forever':
+            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
+                ns = regrtest._parse_args([opt])
+                self.assertTrue(ns.forever)
+
+
+    def test_unrecognized_argument(self):
+        self.checkError(['--xxx'], 'usage:')
+
+    def test_long_option__partial(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--qui'])
+        self.assertTrue(ns.quiet)
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 0)
+
+    def test_two_options(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--quiet', '--exclude'])
+        self.assertTrue(ns.quiet)
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 0)
+        self.assertTrue(ns.exclude)
+
+    def test_option_with_empty_string_value(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--start', ''])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.start, '')
+
+    def test_arg(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['foo'])
+        self.assertEqual(ns.args, ['foo'])
+
+    def test_option_and_arg(self):
+        ns = regrtest._parse_args(['--quiet', 'foo'])
+        self.assertTrue(ns.quiet)
+        self.assertEqual(ns.verbose, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(ns.args, ['foo'])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py b/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py
index c233b1d67b..ae67f06bc4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_reprlib.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
   Nick Mathewson
 """
 
-import imp
 import sys
 import os
 import shutil
 import importlib
+import importlib.util
 import unittest
 
 from test.support import run_unittest, create_empty_file, verbose
@@ -248,7 +248,8 @@ class LongReprTest(unittest.TestCase):
         source_path_len += 2 * (len(self.longname) + 1)
         # a path separator + `module_name` + ".py"
         source_path_len += len(module_name) + 1 + len(".py")
-        cached_path_len = source_path_len + len(imp.cache_from_source("x.py")) - len("x.py")
+        cached_path_len = (source_path_len +
+            len(importlib.util.cache_from_source("x.py")) - len("x.py"))
         if os.name == 'nt' and cached_path_len >= 258:
             # Under Windows, the max path len is 260 including C's terminating
             # NUL character.
@@ -259,6 +260,7 @@ class LongReprTest(unittest.TestCase):
             print("cached_path_len =", cached_path_len)
 
     def test_module(self):
+        self.maxDiff = None
         self._check_path_limitations(self.pkgname)
         create_empty_file(os.path.join(self.subpkgname, self.pkgname + '.py'))
         importlib.invalidate_caches()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_resource.py b/Lib/test/test_resource.py
index 0cf61cb17a..2ecae0fc45 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_resource.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_resource.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import contextlib
+import sys
+import os
 import unittest
 from test import support
 import time
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ class ResourceTest(unittest.TestCase):
                         for i in range(5):
                             time.sleep(.1)
                             f.flush()
-                    except IOError:
+                    except OSError:
                         if not limit_set:
                             raise
                     if limit_set:
@@ -129,6 +132,33 @@ class ResourceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(pagesize, int)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(pagesize, 0)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'linux', 'test requires Linux')
+    def test_linux_constants(self):
+        for attr in ['MSGQUEUE', 'NICE', 'RTPRIO', 'RTTIME', 'SIGPENDING']:
+            with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
+                self.assertIsInstance(getattr(resource, 'RLIMIT_' + attr), int)
+
+    @support.requires_freebsd_version(9)
+    def test_freebsd_contants(self):
+        for attr in ['SWAP', 'SBSIZE', 'NPTS']:
+            with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
+                self.assertIsInstance(getattr(resource, 'RLIMIT_' + attr), int)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(resource, 'prlimit'), 'no prlimit')
+    @support.requires_linux_version(2, 6, 36)
+    def test_prlimit(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, resource.prlimit)
+        if os.geteuid() != 0:
+            self.assertRaises(PermissionError, resource.prlimit,
+                              1, resource.RLIMIT_AS)
+        self.assertRaises(ProcessLookupError, resource.prlimit,
+                          -1, resource.RLIMIT_AS)
+        limit = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_AS)
+        self.assertEqual(resource.prlimit(0, resource.RLIMIT_AS), limit)
+        self.assertEqual(resource.prlimit(0, resource.RLIMIT_AS, limit),
+                         limit)
+
+
 def test_main(verbose=None):
     support.run_unittest(ResourceTest)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_runpy.py b/Lib/test/test_runpy.py
index 2ddba3413a..786b813b32 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_runpy.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_runpy.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import os.path
 import sys
 import re
 import tempfile
-import importlib
+import importlib, importlib.machinery, importlib.util
 import py_compile
 from test.support import (
     forget, make_legacy_pyc, run_unittest, unload, verbose, no_tracing,
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ implicit_namespace = {
     "__cached__": None,
     "__package__": None,
     "__doc__": None,
+    "__spec__": None
 }
 example_namespace =  {
     "sys": sys,
@@ -67,11 +68,19 @@ class CodeExecutionMixin:
     # testing occurs at those upper layers as well, not just at the utility
     # layer
 
+    # Figuring out the loader details in advance is hard to do, so we skip
+    # checking the full details of loader and loader_state
+    CHECKED_SPEC_ATTRIBUTES = ["name", "parent", "origin", "cached",
+                               "has_location", "submodule_search_locations"]
+
     def assertNamespaceMatches(self, result_ns, expected_ns):
         """Check two namespaces match.
 
            Ignores any unspecified interpreter created names
         """
+        # Avoid side effects
+        result_ns = result_ns.copy()
+        expected_ns = expected_ns.copy()
         # Impls are permitted to add extra names, so filter them out
         for k in list(result_ns):
             if k.startswith("__") and k.endswith("__"):
@@ -79,7 +88,25 @@ class CodeExecutionMixin:
                     result_ns.pop(k)
                 if k not in expected_ns["nested"]:
                     result_ns["nested"].pop(k)
-        # Don't use direct dict comparison - the diffs are too hard to debug
+        # Spec equality includes the loader, so we take the spec out of the
+        # result namespace and check that separately
+        result_spec = result_ns.pop("__spec__")
+        expected_spec = expected_ns.pop("__spec__")
+        if expected_spec is None:
+            self.assertIsNone(result_spec)
+        else:
+            # If an expected loader is set, we just check we got the right
+            # type, rather than checking for full equality
+            if expected_spec.loader is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(type(result_spec.loader),
+                                 type(expected_spec.loader))
+            for attr in self.CHECKED_SPEC_ATTRIBUTES:
+                k = "__spec__." + attr
+                actual = (k, getattr(result_spec, attr))
+                expected = (k, getattr(expected_spec, attr))
+                self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        # For the rest, we still don't use direct dict comparison on the
+        # namespace, as the diffs are too hard to debug if anything breaks
         self.assertEqual(set(result_ns), set(expected_ns))
         for k in result_ns:
             actual = (k, result_ns[k])
@@ -130,12 +157,16 @@ class ExecutionLayerTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
         mod_fname = "Some other nonsense"
         mod_loader = "Now you're just being silly"
         mod_package = '' # Treat as a top level module
+        mod_spec = importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec(mod_name,
+                                                  origin=mod_fname,
+                                                  loader=mod_loader)
         expected_ns = example_namespace.copy()
         expected_ns.update({
             "__name__": mod_name,
             "__file__": mod_fname,
             "__loader__": mod_loader,
             "__package__": mod_package,
+            "__spec__": mod_spec,
             "run_argv0": mod_fname,
             "run_name_in_sys_modules": True,
             "module_in_sys_modules": True,
@@ -144,9 +175,7 @@ class ExecutionLayerTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
             return _run_module_code(example_source,
                                     init_globals,
                                     mod_name,
-                                    mod_fname,
-                                    mod_loader,
-                                    mod_package)
+                                    mod_spec)
         self.check_code_execution(create_ns, expected_ns)
 
 # TODO: Use self.addCleanup to get rid of a lot of try-finally blocks
@@ -176,31 +205,43 @@ class RunModuleTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
     def test_library_module(self):
         self.assertEqual(run_module("runpy")["__name__"], "runpy")
 
-    def _add_pkg_dir(self, pkg_dir):
+    def _add_pkg_dir(self, pkg_dir, namespace=False):
         os.mkdir(pkg_dir)
+        if namespace:
+            return None
         pkg_fname = os.path.join(pkg_dir, "__init__.py")
         create_empty_file(pkg_fname)
         return pkg_fname
 
-    def _make_pkg(self, source, depth, mod_base="runpy_test"):
+    def _make_pkg(self, source, depth, mod_base="runpy_test",
+                     *, namespace=False, parent_namespaces=False):
+        # Enforce a couple of internal sanity checks on test cases
+        if (namespace or parent_namespaces) and not depth:
+            raise RuntimeError("Can't mark top level module as a "
+                               "namespace package")
         pkg_name = "__runpy_pkg__"
         test_fname = mod_base+os.extsep+"py"
         pkg_dir = sub_dir = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp())
         if verbose > 1: print("  Package tree in:", sub_dir)
         sys.path.insert(0, pkg_dir)
         if verbose > 1: print("  Updated sys.path:", sys.path[0])
-        for i in range(depth):
-            sub_dir = os.path.join(sub_dir, pkg_name)
-            pkg_fname = self._add_pkg_dir(sub_dir)
-            if verbose > 1: print("  Next level in:", sub_dir)
-            if verbose > 1: print("  Created:", pkg_fname)
+        if depth:
+            namespace_flags = [parent_namespaces] * depth
+            namespace_flags[-1] = namespace
+            for namespace_flag in namespace_flags:
+                sub_dir = os.path.join(sub_dir, pkg_name)
+                pkg_fname = self._add_pkg_dir(sub_dir, namespace_flag)
+                if verbose > 1: print("  Next level in:", sub_dir)
+                if verbose > 1: print("  Created:", pkg_fname)
         mod_fname = os.path.join(sub_dir, test_fname)
         mod_file = open(mod_fname, "w")
         mod_file.write(source)
         mod_file.close()
         if verbose > 1: print("  Created:", mod_fname)
         mod_name = (pkg_name+".")*depth + mod_base
-        return pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name
+        mod_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(mod_name,
+                                                          mod_fname)
+        return pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name, mod_spec
 
     def _del_pkg(self, top, depth, mod_name):
         for entry in list(sys.modules):
@@ -230,19 +271,29 @@ class RunModuleTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
     def _fix_ns_for_legacy_pyc(self, ns, alter_sys):
         char_to_add = "c" if __debug__ else "o"
         ns["__file__"] += char_to_add
+        ns["__cached__"] = ns["__file__"]
+        spec = ns["__spec__"]
+        new_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(spec.name,
+                                                          ns["__file__"])
+        ns["__spec__"] = new_spec
         if alter_sys:
             ns["run_argv0"] += char_to_add
 
 
-    def _check_module(self, depth, alter_sys=False):
-        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name = (
-               self._make_pkg(example_source, depth))
+    def _check_module(self, depth, alter_sys=False,
+                         *, namespace=False, parent_namespaces=False):
+        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name, mod_spec = (
+               self._make_pkg(example_source, depth,
+                              namespace=namespace,
+                              parent_namespaces=parent_namespaces))
         forget(mod_name)
         expected_ns = example_namespace.copy()
         expected_ns.update({
             "__name__": mod_name,
             "__file__": mod_fname,
+            "__cached__": mod_spec.cached,
             "__package__": mod_name.rpartition(".")[0],
+            "__spec__": mod_spec,
         })
         if alter_sys:
             expected_ns.update({
@@ -269,16 +320,21 @@ class RunModuleTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
             self._del_pkg(pkg_dir, depth, mod_name)
         if verbose > 1: print("Module executed successfully")
 
-    def _check_package(self, depth, alter_sys=False):
-        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name = (
-               self._make_pkg(example_source, depth, "__main__"))
+    def _check_package(self, depth, alter_sys=False,
+                          *, namespace=False, parent_namespaces=False):
+        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name, mod_spec = (
+               self._make_pkg(example_source, depth, "__main__",
+                              namespace=namespace,
+                              parent_namespaces=parent_namespaces))
         pkg_name = mod_name.rpartition(".")[0]
         forget(mod_name)
         expected_ns = example_namespace.copy()
         expected_ns.update({
             "__name__": mod_name,
             "__file__": mod_fname,
+            "__cached__": importlib.util.cache_from_source(mod_fname),
             "__package__": pkg_name,
+            "__spec__": mod_spec,
         })
         if alter_sys:
             expected_ns.update({
@@ -334,7 +390,7 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 from . import sibling
 from ..uncle.cousin import nephew
 """
-        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name = (
+        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name, mod_spec = (
                self._make_pkg(contents, depth))
         if run_name is None:
             expected_name = mod_name
@@ -373,11 +429,31 @@ from ..uncle.cousin import nephew
             if verbose > 1: print("Testing package depth:", depth)
             self._check_module(depth)
 
+    def test_run_module_in_namespace_package(self):
+        for depth in range(1, 4):
+            if verbose > 1: print("Testing package depth:", depth)
+            self._check_module(depth, namespace=True, parent_namespaces=True)
+
     def test_run_package(self):
         for depth in range(1, 4):
             if verbose > 1: print("Testing package depth:", depth)
             self._check_package(depth)
 
+    def test_run_package_in_namespace_package(self):
+        for depth in range(1, 4):
+            if verbose > 1: print("Testing package depth:", depth)
+            self._check_package(depth, parent_namespaces=True)
+
+    def test_run_namespace_package(self):
+        for depth in range(1, 4):
+            if verbose > 1: print("Testing package depth:", depth)
+            self._check_package(depth, namespace=True)
+
+    def test_run_namespace_package_in_namespace_package(self):
+        for depth in range(1, 4):
+            if verbose > 1: print("Testing package depth:", depth)
+            self._check_package(depth, namespace=True, parent_namespaces=True)
+
     def test_run_module_alter_sys(self):
         for depth in range(4):
             if verbose > 1: print("Testing package depth:", depth)
@@ -401,14 +477,16 @@ from ..uncle.cousin import nephew
     def test_run_name(self):
         depth = 1
         run_name = "And now for something completely different"
-        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name = (
+        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name, mod_spec = (
                self._make_pkg(example_source, depth))
         forget(mod_name)
         expected_ns = example_namespace.copy()
         expected_ns.update({
             "__name__": run_name,
             "__file__": mod_fname,
+            "__cached__": importlib.util.cache_from_source(mod_fname),
             "__package__": mod_name.rpartition(".")[0],
+            "__spec__": mod_spec,
         })
         def create_ns(init_globals):
             return run_module(mod_name, init_globals, run_name)
@@ -437,7 +515,7 @@ from ..uncle.cousin import nephew
         pkg_name = ".".join([base_name] * max_depth)
         expected_packages.add(pkg_name)
         expected_modules.add(pkg_name + ".runpy_test")
-        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name = (
+        pkg_dir, mod_fname, mod_name, mod_spec = (
                self._make_pkg("", max_depth))
         self.addCleanup(self._del_pkg, pkg_dir, max_depth, mod_name)
         for depth in range(2, max_depth+1):
@@ -455,21 +533,39 @@ from ..uncle.cousin import nephew
 class RunPathTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
     """Unit tests for runpy.run_path"""
 
-    def _make_test_script(self, script_dir, script_basename, source=None):
+    def _make_test_script(self, script_dir, script_basename,
+                          source=None, omit_suffix=False):
         if source is None:
             source = example_source
-        return make_script(script_dir, script_basename, source)
+        return make_script(script_dir, script_basename,
+                           source, omit_suffix)
 
     def _check_script(self, script_name, expected_name, expected_file,
-                            expected_argv0):
+                            expected_argv0, mod_name=None,
+                            expect_spec=True, check_loader=True):
         # First check is without run_name
         def create_ns(init_globals):
             return run_path(script_name, init_globals)
         expected_ns = example_namespace.copy()
+        if mod_name is None:
+            spec_name = expected_name
+        else:
+            spec_name = mod_name
+        if expect_spec:
+            mod_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(spec_name,
+                                                              expected_file)
+            mod_cached = mod_spec.cached
+            if not check_loader:
+                mod_spec.loader = None
+        else:
+            mod_spec = mod_cached = None
+
         expected_ns.update({
             "__name__": expected_name,
             "__file__": expected_file,
+            "__cached__": mod_cached,
             "__package__": "",
+            "__spec__": mod_spec,
             "run_argv0": expected_argv0,
             "run_name_in_sys_modules": True,
             "module_in_sys_modules": True,
@@ -479,6 +575,12 @@ class RunPathTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
         run_name = "prove.issue15230.is.fixed"
         def create_ns(init_globals):
             return run_path(script_name, init_globals, run_name)
+        if expect_spec and mod_name is None:
+            mod_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(run_name,
+                                                              expected_file)
+            if not check_loader:
+                mod_spec.loader = None
+            expected_ns["__spec__"] = mod_spec
         expected_ns["__name__"] = run_name
         expected_ns["__package__"] = run_name.rpartition(".")[0]
         self.check_code_execution(create_ns, expected_ns)
@@ -492,7 +594,15 @@ class RunPathTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
             mod_name = 'script'
             script_name = self._make_test_script(script_dir, mod_name)
             self._check_script(script_name, "<run_path>", script_name,
-                               script_name)
+                               script_name, expect_spec=False)
+
+    def test_basic_script_no_suffix(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            mod_name = 'script'
+            script_name = self._make_test_script(script_dir, mod_name,
+                                                 omit_suffix=True)
+            self._check_script(script_name, "<run_path>", script_name,
+                               script_name, expect_spec=False)
 
     def test_script_compiled(self):
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
@@ -501,14 +611,14 @@ class RunPathTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
             compiled_name = py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
             os.remove(script_name)
             self._check_script(compiled_name, "<run_path>", compiled_name,
-                               compiled_name)
+                               compiled_name, expect_spec=False)
 
     def test_directory(self):
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
             mod_name = '__main__'
             script_name = self._make_test_script(script_dir, mod_name)
             self._check_script(script_dir, "<run_path>", script_name,
-                               script_dir)
+                               script_dir, mod_name=mod_name)
 
     def test_directory_compiled(self):
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
@@ -519,7 +629,7 @@ class RunPathTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
             if not sys.dont_write_bytecode:
                 legacy_pyc = make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
                 self._check_script(script_dir, "<run_path>", legacy_pyc,
-                                   script_dir)
+                                   script_dir, mod_name=mod_name)
 
     def test_directory_error(self):
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
@@ -533,7 +643,8 @@ class RunPathTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
             mod_name = '__main__'
             script_name = self._make_test_script(script_dir, mod_name)
             zip_name, fname = make_zip_script(script_dir, 'test_zip', script_name)
-            self._check_script(zip_name, "<run_path>", fname, zip_name)
+            self._check_script(zip_name, "<run_path>", fname, zip_name,
+                               mod_name=mod_name, check_loader=False)
 
     def test_zipfile_compiled(self):
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
@@ -542,7 +653,8 @@ class RunPathTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CodeExecutionMixin):
             compiled_name = py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
             zip_name, fname = make_zip_script(script_dir, 'test_zip',
                                               compiled_name)
-            self._check_script(zip_name, "<run_path>", fname, zip_name)
+            self._check_script(zip_name, "<run_path>", fname, zip_name,
+                               mod_name=mod_name, check_loader=False)
 
     def test_zipfile_error(self):
         with temp_dir() as script_dir:
@@ -575,12 +687,5 @@ s = "non-ASCII: h\xe9"
             self.assertEqual(result['s'], "non-ASCII: h\xe9")
 
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(
-                 ExecutionLayerTestCase,
-                 RunModuleTestCase,
-                 RunPathTestCase
-                 )
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sched.py b/Lib/test/test_sched.py
index 79fa7d3e3d..fe8e785092 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sched.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sched.py
@@ -195,8 +195,5 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(l, [])
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(TestCase)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_scope.py b/Lib/test/test_scope.py
index 26ce0424f8..b325545f32 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_scope.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_scope.py
@@ -715,6 +715,19 @@ class ScopeTests(unittest.TestCase):
         def b():
             global a
 
+    def testClassNamespaceOverridesClosure(self):
+        # See #17853.
+        x = 42
+        class X:
+            locals()["x"] = 43
+            y = x
+        self.assertEqual(X.y, 43)
+        class X:
+            locals()["x"] = 43
+            del x
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(X, "x"))
+        self.assertEqual(x, 42)
+
     @cpython_only
     def testCellLeak(self):
         # Issue 17927.
@@ -743,10 +756,6 @@ class ScopeTests(unittest.TestCase):
         del tester
         self.assertIsNone(ref())
 
-    def test__Class__Global(self):
-        s = "class X:\n    global __class__\n    def f(self): super()"
-        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, exec, s)
-
 
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(ScopeTests)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_select.py b/Lib/test/test_select.py
index ddb9a0f67e..8f9a1c9d88 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_select.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_select.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import sys
 import unittest
 from test import support
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform[:3] in ('win', 'os2', 'riscos'),
+@unittest.skipIf((sys.platform[:3]=='win'),
                  "can't easily test on this system")
 class SelectTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class SelectTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             fp.close()
             try:
                 select.select([fd], [], [], 0)
-            except select.error as err:
+            except OSError as err:
                 self.assertEqual(err.errno, errno.EBADF)
             else:
                 self.fail("exception not raised")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_selectors.py b/Lib/test/test_selectors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34edd7630d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_selectors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+import errno
+import os
+import random
+import selectors
+import signal
+import socket
+from test import support
+from time import sleep
+import unittest
+import unittest.mock
+try:
+    from time import monotonic as time
+except ImportError:
+    from time import time as time
+try:
+    import resource
+except ImportError:
+    resource = None
+
+
+if hasattr(socket, 'socketpair'):
+    socketpair = socket.socketpair
+else:
+    def socketpair(family=socket.AF_INET, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0):
+        with socket.socket(family, type, proto) as l:
+            l.bind((support.HOST, 0))
+            l.listen(3)
+            c = socket.socket(family, type, proto)
+            try:
+                c.connect(l.getsockname())
+                caddr = c.getsockname()
+                while True:
+                    a, addr = l.accept()
+                    # check that we've got the correct client
+                    if addr == caddr:
+                        return c, a
+                    a.close()
+            except OSError:
+                c.close()
+                raise
+
+
+def find_ready_matching(ready, flag):
+    match = []
+    for key, events in ready:
+        if events & flag:
+            match.append(key.fileobj)
+    return match
+
+
+class BaseSelectorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def make_socketpair(self):
+        rd, wr = socketpair()
+        self.addCleanup(rd.close)
+        self.addCleanup(wr.close)
+        return rd, wr
+
+    def test_register(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        key = s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ, "data")
+        self.assertIsInstance(key, selectors.SelectorKey)
+        self.assertEqual(key.fileobj, rd)
+        self.assertEqual(key.fd, rd.fileno())
+        self.assertEqual(key.events, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        self.assertEqual(key.data, "data")
+
+        # register an unknown event
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, s.register, 0, 999999)
+
+        # register an invalid FD
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, s.register, -10, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+        # register twice
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.register, rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+        # register the same FD, but with a different object
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.register, rd.fileno(),
+                          selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+    def test_unregister(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        s.unregister(rd)
+
+        # unregister an unknown file obj
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.unregister, 999999)
+
+        # unregister twice
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.unregister, rd)
+
+    def test_unregister_after_fd_close(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+        r, w = rd.fileno(), wr.fileno()
+        s.register(r, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        s.register(w, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+        rd.close()
+        wr.close()
+        s.unregister(r)
+        s.unregister(w)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'posix', "requires posix")
+    def test_unregister_after_fd_close_and_reuse(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+        r, w = rd.fileno(), wr.fileno()
+        s.register(r, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        s.register(w, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+        rd2, wr2 = self.make_socketpair()
+        rd.close()
+        wr.close()
+        os.dup2(rd2.fileno(), r)
+        os.dup2(wr2.fileno(), w)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, r)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, w)
+        s.unregister(r)
+        s.unregister(w)
+
+    def test_unregister_after_socket_close(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+        s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        s.register(wr, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+        rd.close()
+        wr.close()
+        s.unregister(rd)
+        s.unregister(wr)
+
+    def test_modify(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        key = s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+        # modify events
+        key2 = s.modify(rd, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+        self.assertNotEqual(key.events, key2.events)
+        self.assertEqual(key2, s.get_key(rd))
+
+        s.unregister(rd)
+
+        # modify data
+        d1 = object()
+        d2 = object()
+
+        key = s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ, d1)
+        key2 = s.modify(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ, d2)
+        self.assertEqual(key.events, key2.events)
+        self.assertNotEqual(key.data, key2.data)
+        self.assertEqual(key2, s.get_key(rd))
+        self.assertEqual(key2.data, d2)
+
+        # modify unknown file obj
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.modify, 999999, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+        # modify use a shortcut
+        d3 = object()
+        s.register = unittest.mock.Mock()
+        s.unregister = unittest.mock.Mock()
+
+        s.modify(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ, d3)
+        self.assertFalse(s.register.called)
+        self.assertFalse(s.unregister.called)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        s.register(wr, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+
+        s.close()
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.get_key, rd)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.get_key, wr)
+
+    def test_get_key(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        key = s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ, "data")
+        self.assertEqual(key, s.get_key(rd))
+
+        # unknown file obj
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.get_key, 999999)
+
+    def test_get_map(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        keys = s.get_map()
+        self.assertFalse(keys)
+        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(list(keys), [])
+        key = s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ, "data")
+        self.assertIn(rd, keys)
+        self.assertEqual(key, keys[rd])
+        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(list(keys), [rd.fileno()])
+        self.assertEqual(list(keys.values()), [key])
+
+        # unknown file obj
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            keys[999999]
+
+        # Read-only mapping
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            del keys[rd]
+
+    def test_select(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        wr_key = s.register(wr, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+
+        result = s.select()
+        for key, events in result:
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(key, selectors.SelectorKey))
+            self.assertTrue(events)
+            self.assertFalse(events & ~(selectors.EVENT_READ |
+                                        selectors.EVENT_WRITE))
+
+        self.assertEqual([(wr_key, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)], result)
+
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        with s as sel:
+            sel.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+            sel.register(wr, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.get_key, rd)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.get_key, wr)
+
+    def test_fileno(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        if hasattr(s, 'fileno'):
+            fd = s.fileno()
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(fd, int))
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(fd, 0)
+
+    def test_selector(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        NUM_SOCKETS = 12
+        MSG = b" This is a test."
+        MSG_LEN = len(MSG)
+        readers = []
+        writers = []
+        r2w = {}
+        w2r = {}
+
+        for i in range(NUM_SOCKETS):
+            rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+            s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+            s.register(wr, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+            readers.append(rd)
+            writers.append(wr)
+            r2w[rd] = wr
+            w2r[wr] = rd
+
+        bufs = []
+
+        while writers:
+            ready = s.select()
+            ready_writers = find_ready_matching(ready, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+            if not ready_writers:
+                self.fail("no sockets ready for writing")
+            wr = random.choice(ready_writers)
+            wr.send(MSG)
+
+            for i in range(10):
+                ready = s.select()
+                ready_readers = find_ready_matching(ready,
+                                                    selectors.EVENT_READ)
+                if ready_readers:
+                    break
+                # there might be a delay between the write to the write end and
+                # the read end is reported ready
+                sleep(0.1)
+            else:
+                self.fail("no sockets ready for reading")
+            self.assertEqual([w2r[wr]], ready_readers)
+            rd = ready_readers[0]
+            buf = rd.recv(MSG_LEN)
+            self.assertEqual(len(buf), MSG_LEN)
+            bufs.append(buf)
+            s.unregister(r2w[rd])
+            s.unregister(rd)
+            writers.remove(r2w[rd])
+
+        self.assertEqual(bufs, [MSG] * NUM_SOCKETS)
+
+    def test_timeout(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        s.register(wr, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+        t = time()
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(s.select(0)))
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(s.select(-1)))
+        self.assertLess(time() - t, 0.5)
+
+        s.unregister(wr)
+        s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        t = time()
+        self.assertFalse(s.select(0))
+        self.assertFalse(s.select(-1))
+        self.assertLess(time() - t, 0.5)
+
+        t0 = time()
+        self.assertFalse(s.select(1))
+        t1 = time()
+        dt = t1 - t0
+        self.assertTrue(0.8 <= dt <= 1.6, dt)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, "alarm"),
+                         "signal.alarm() required for this test")
+    def test_select_interrupt(self):
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+
+        orig_alrm_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, lambda *args: None)
+        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, signal.SIGALRM, orig_alrm_handler)
+        self.addCleanup(signal.alarm, 0)
+
+        signal.alarm(1)
+
+        s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        t = time()
+        self.assertFalse(s.select(2))
+        self.assertLess(time() - t, 2.5)
+
+
+class ScalableSelectorMixIn:
+
+    # see issue #18963 for why it's skipped on older OS X versions
+    @support.requires_mac_ver(10, 5)
+    @unittest.skipUnless(resource, "Test needs resource module")
+    def test_above_fd_setsize(self):
+        # A scalable implementation should have no problem with more than
+        # FD_SETSIZE file descriptors. Since we don't know the value, we just
+        # try to set the soft RLIMIT_NOFILE to the hard RLIMIT_NOFILE ceiling.
+        soft, hard = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+        try:
+            resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (hard, hard))
+            self.addCleanup(resource.setrlimit, resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE,
+                            (soft, hard))
+            NUM_FDS = hard
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            NUM_FDS = soft
+
+        # guard for already allocated FDs (stdin, stdout...)
+        NUM_FDS -= 32
+
+        s = self.SELECTOR()
+        self.addCleanup(s.close)
+
+        for i in range(NUM_FDS // 2):
+            try:
+                rd, wr = self.make_socketpair()
+            except OSError:
+                # too many FDs, skip - note that we should only catch EMFILE
+                # here, but apparently *BSD and Solaris can fail upon connect()
+                # or bind() with EADDRNOTAVAIL, so let's be safe
+                self.skipTest("FD limit reached")
+
+            try:
+                s.register(rd, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+                s.register(wr, selectors.EVENT_WRITE)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno == errno.ENOSPC:
+                    # this can be raised by epoll if we go over
+                    # fs.epoll.max_user_watches sysctl
+                    self.skipTest("FD limit reached")
+                raise
+
+        self.assertEqual(NUM_FDS // 2, len(s.select()))
+
+
+class DefaultSelectorTestCase(BaseSelectorTestCase):
+
+    SELECTOR = selectors.DefaultSelector
+
+
+class SelectSelectorTestCase(BaseSelectorTestCase):
+
+    SELECTOR = selectors.SelectSelector
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(selectors, 'PollSelector'),
+                     "Test needs selectors.PollSelector")
+class PollSelectorTestCase(BaseSelectorTestCase, ScalableSelectorMixIn):
+
+    SELECTOR = getattr(selectors, 'PollSelector', None)
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(selectors, 'EpollSelector'),
+                     "Test needs selectors.EpollSelector")
+class EpollSelectorTestCase(BaseSelectorTestCase, ScalableSelectorMixIn):
+
+    SELECTOR = getattr(selectors, 'EpollSelector', None)
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(selectors, 'KqueueSelector'),
+                     "Test needs selectors.KqueueSelector)")
+class KqueueSelectorTestCase(BaseSelectorTestCase, ScalableSelectorMixIn):
+
+    SELECTOR = getattr(selectors, 'KqueueSelector', None)
+
+
+def test_main():
+    tests = [DefaultSelectorTestCase, SelectSelectorTestCase,
+             PollSelectorTestCase, EpollSelectorTestCase,
+             KqueueSelectorTestCase]
+    support.run_unittest(*tests)
+    support.reap_children()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_set.py b/Lib/test/test_set.py
index c0bca2fb88..bfef621093 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_set.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_set.py
@@ -848,8 +848,6 @@ class TestBasicOps:
         for v in self.set:
             self.assertIn(v, self.values)
         setiter = iter(self.set)
-        # note: __length_hint__ is an internal undocumented API,
-        # don't rely on it in your own programs
         self.assertEqual(setiter.__length_hint__(), len(self.set))
 
     def test_pickling(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_shelve.py b/Lib/test/test_shelve.py
index 13c126566d..bd51d868fe 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_shelve.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_shelve.py
@@ -148,6 +148,19 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         p2 = d[encodedkey]
         self.assertNotEqual(p1, p2)  # Write creates new object in store
 
+    def test_with(self):
+        d1 = {}
+        with shelve.Shelf(d1, protocol=2, writeback=False) as s:
+            s['key1'] = [1,2,3,4]
+            self.assertEqual(s['key1'], [1,2,3,4])
+            self.assertEqual(len(s), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, s)
+        try:
+            s['key1']
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail('Closed shelf should not find a key')
 
 from test import mapping_tests
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_shutil.py b/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
index c3fb8a7d2c..a483fe127c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ from shutil import (_make_tarball, _make_zipfile, make_archive,
                     register_archive_format, unregister_archive_format,
                     get_archive_formats, Error, unpack_archive,
                     register_unpack_format, RegistryError,
-                    unregister_unpack_format, get_unpack_formats)
+                    unregister_unpack_format, get_unpack_formats,
+                    SameFileError)
 import tarfile
 import warnings
 
@@ -746,13 +747,13 @@ class TestShutil(unittest.TestCase):
         shutil.copytree(src_dir, dst_dir)
         self.assertEqual(os.stat(src_dir).st_mode, os.stat(dst_dir).st_mode)
         self.assertEqual(os.stat(os.path.join(src_dir, 'permissive.txt')).st_mode,
-                         os.stat(os.path.join(dst_dir, 'permissive.txt')).st_mode)
+                          os.stat(os.path.join(dst_dir, 'permissive.txt')).st_mode)
         self.assertEqual(os.stat(os.path.join(src_dir, 'restrictive.txt')).st_mode,
-                         os.stat(os.path.join(dst_dir, 'restrictive.txt')).st_mode)
+                          os.stat(os.path.join(dst_dir, 'restrictive.txt')).st_mode)
         restrictive_subdir_dst = os.path.join(dst_dir,
                                               os.path.split(restrictive_subdir)[1])
         self.assertEqual(os.stat(restrictive_subdir).st_mode,
-                         os.stat(restrictive_subdir_dst).st_mode)
+                          os.stat(restrictive_subdir_dst).st_mode)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt', 'temporarily disabled on Windows')
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'link'), 'requires os.link')
@@ -765,7 +766,7 @@ class TestShutil(unittest.TestCase):
             with open(src, 'w') as f:
                 f.write('cheddar')
             os.link(src, dst)
-            self.assertRaises(shutil.Error, shutil.copyfile, src, dst)
+            self.assertRaises(shutil.SameFileError, shutil.copyfile, src, dst)
             with open(src, 'r') as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'cheddar')
             os.remove(dst)
@@ -785,7 +786,7 @@ class TestShutil(unittest.TestCase):
             # to TESTFN/TESTFN/cheese, while it should point at
             # TESTFN/cheese.
             os.symlink('cheese', dst)
-            self.assertRaises(shutil.Error, shutil.copyfile, src, dst)
+            self.assertRaises(shutil.SameFileError, shutil.copyfile, src, dst)
             with open(src, 'r') as f:
                 self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'cheddar')
             os.remove(dst)
@@ -1293,6 +1294,16 @@ class TestShutil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(rv))
         self.assertEqual(read_file(src_file), read_file(dst_file))
 
+    def test_copyfile_same_file(self):
+        # copyfile() should raise SameFileError if the source and destination
+        # are the same.
+        src_dir = self.mkdtemp()
+        src_file = os.path.join(src_dir, 'foo')
+        write_file(src_file, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(SameFileError, shutil.copyfile, src_file, src_file)
+        # But Error should work too, to stay backward compatible.
+        self.assertRaises(Error, shutil.copyfile, src_file, src_file)
+
     def test_copytree_return_value(self):
         # copytree returns its destination path.
         src_dir = self.mkdtemp()
@@ -1601,7 +1612,7 @@ class TestCopyFile(unittest.TestCase):
             self._exited_with = exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb
             if self._raise_in_exit:
                 self._raised = True
-                raise IOError("Cannot close")
+                raise OSError("Cannot close")
             return self._suppress_at_exit
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -1615,12 +1626,12 @@ class TestCopyFile(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_w_source_open_fails(self):
         def _open(filename, mode='r'):
             if filename == 'srcfile':
-                raise IOError('Cannot open "srcfile"')
+                raise OSError('Cannot open "srcfile"')
             assert 0  # shouldn't reach here.
 
         self._set_shutil_open(_open)
 
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, shutil.copyfile, 'srcfile', 'destfile')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, shutil.copyfile, 'srcfile', 'destfile')
 
     def test_w_dest_open_fails(self):
 
@@ -1630,14 +1641,14 @@ class TestCopyFile(unittest.TestCase):
             if filename == 'srcfile':
                 return srcfile
             if filename == 'destfile':
-                raise IOError('Cannot open "destfile"')
+                raise OSError('Cannot open "destfile"')
             assert 0  # shouldn't reach here.
 
         self._set_shutil_open(_open)
 
         shutil.copyfile('srcfile', 'destfile')
         self.assertTrue(srcfile._entered)
-        self.assertTrue(srcfile._exited_with[0] is IOError)
+        self.assertTrue(srcfile._exited_with[0] is OSError)
         self.assertEqual(srcfile._exited_with[1].args,
                          ('Cannot open "destfile"',))
 
@@ -1659,7 +1670,7 @@ class TestCopyFile(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(srcfile._entered)
         self.assertTrue(destfile._entered)
         self.assertTrue(destfile._raised)
-        self.assertTrue(srcfile._exited_with[0] is IOError)
+        self.assertTrue(srcfile._exited_with[0] is OSError)
         self.assertEqual(srcfile._exited_with[1].args,
                          ('Cannot close',))
 
@@ -1677,7 +1688,7 @@ class TestCopyFile(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self._set_shutil_open(_open)
 
-        self.assertRaises(IOError,
+        self.assertRaises(OSError,
                           shutil.copyfile, 'srcfile', 'destfile')
         self.assertTrue(srcfile._entered)
         self.assertTrue(destfile._entered)
@@ -1748,9 +1759,5 @@ class TermsizeTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(TestShutil, TestMove, TestCopyFile,
-                         TermsizeTests, TestWhich)
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_signal.py b/Lib/test/test_signal.py
index 191d4cf691..a6f2c64857 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_signal.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_signal.py
@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
 
-if sys.platform in ('os2', 'riscos'):
-    raise unittest.SkipTest("Can't test signal on %s" % sys.platform)
-
 
 class HandlerBCalled(Exception):
     pass
@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ def exit_subprocess():
 def ignoring_eintr(__func, *args, **kwargs):
     try:
         return __func(*args, **kwargs)
-    except EnvironmentError as e:
+    except OSError as e:
         if e.errno != errno.EINTR:
             raise
         return None
@@ -278,6 +275,57 @@ class WakeupSignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         assert_python_ok('-c', code)
 
+    def test_wakeup_write_error(self):
+        # Issue #16105: write() errors in the C signal handler should not
+        # pass silently.
+        # Use a subprocess to have only one thread.
+        code = """if 1:
+        import errno
+        import fcntl
+        import os
+        import signal
+        import sys
+        import time
+        from test.support import captured_stderr
+
+        def handler(signum, frame):
+            1/0
+
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handler)
+        r, w = os.pipe()
+        flags = fcntl.fcntl(r, fcntl.F_GETFL, 0)
+        fcntl.fcntl(r, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags | os.O_NONBLOCK)
+
+        # Set wakeup_fd a read-only file descriptor to trigger the error
+        signal.set_wakeup_fd(r)
+        try:
+            with captured_stderr() as err:
+                signal.alarm(1)
+                time.sleep(5.0)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            # An ignored exception should have been printed out on stderr
+            err = err.getvalue()
+            if ('Exception ignored when trying to write to the signal wakeup fd'
+                not in err):
+                raise AssertionError(err)
+            if ('OSError: [Errno %d]' % errno.EBADF) not in err:
+                raise AssertionError(err)
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError("ZeroDivisionError not raised")
+        """
+        r, w = os.pipe()
+        try:
+            os.write(r, b'x')
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.skipTest("OS doesn't report write() error on the read end of a pipe")
+        finally:
+            os.close(r)
+            os.close(w)
+
+        assert_python_ok('-c', code)
+
     def test_wakeup_fd_early(self):
         self.check_wakeup("""def test():
             import select
@@ -315,10 +363,10 @@ class WakeupSignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             # We attempt to get a signal during the select call
             try:
                 select.select([read], [], [], TIMEOUT_FULL)
-            except select.error:
+            except OSError:
                 pass
             else:
-                raise Exception("select.error not raised")
+                raise Exception("OSError not raised")
             after_time = time.time()
             dt = after_time - before_time
             if dt >= TIMEOUT_HALF:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_site.py b/Lib/test/test_site.py
index f3bd168168..2d214f4baf 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_site.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_site.py
@@ -230,11 +230,7 @@ class HelperFunctionsTests(unittest.TestCase):
         site.PREFIXES = ['xoxo']
         dirs = site.getsitepackages()
 
-        if sys.platform in ('os2emx', 'riscos'):
-            self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 1)
-            wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'Lib', 'site-packages')
-            self.assertEqual(dirs[0], wanted)
-        elif (sys.platform == "darwin" and
+        if (sys.platform == "darwin" and
             sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK")):
             # OS X framework builds
             site.PREFIXES = ['Python.framework']
@@ -432,5 +428,38 @@ class ImportSideEffectTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(code, 200, msg="Can't find " + url)
 
 
+class StartupImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_startup_imports(self):
+        # This tests checks which modules are loaded by Python when it
+        # initially starts upon startup.
+        popen = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, '-I', '-v', '-c',
+                                  'import sys; print(set(sys.modules))'],
+                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
+        stdout = stdout.decode('utf-8')
+        stderr = stderr.decode('utf-8')
+        modules = eval(stdout)
+
+        self.assertIn('site', modules)
+
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue19205
+        re_mods = {'re', '_sre', 'sre_compile', 'sre_constants', 'sre_parse'}
+        # _osx_support uses the re module in many placs
+        if sys.platform != 'darwin':
+            self.assertFalse(modules.intersection(re_mods), stderr)
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue9548
+        self.assertNotIn('locale', modules, stderr)
+        if sys.platform != 'darwin':
+            # http://bugs.python.org/issue19209
+            self.assertNotIn('copyreg', modules, stderr)
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue19218>
+        collection_mods = {'_collections', 'collections', 'functools',
+                           'heapq', 'itertools', 'keyword', 'operator',
+                           'reprlib', 'types', 'weakref'}
+        self.assertFalse(modules.intersection(collection_mods), stderr)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_slice.py b/Lib/test/test_slice.py
index 2df9271da7..9203d5eb19 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_slice.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_slice.py
@@ -4,8 +4,70 @@ import unittest
 from test import support
 from pickle import loads, dumps
 
+import itertools
+import operator
 import sys
 
+
+def evaluate_slice_index(arg):
+    """
+    Helper function to convert a slice argument to an integer, and raise
+    TypeError with a suitable message on failure.
+
+    """
+    if hasattr(arg, '__index__'):
+        return operator.index(arg)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "slice indices must be integers or "
+            "None or have an __index__ method")
+
+def slice_indices(slice, length):
+    """
+    Reference implementation for the slice.indices method.
+
+    """
+    # Compute step and length as integers.
+    length = operator.index(length)
+    step = 1 if slice.step is None else evaluate_slice_index(slice.step)
+
+    # Raise ValueError for negative length or zero step.
+    if length < 0:
+        raise ValueError("length should not be negative")
+    if step == 0:
+        raise ValueError("slice step cannot be zero")
+
+    # Find lower and upper bounds for start and stop.
+    lower = -1 if step < 0 else 0
+    upper = length - 1 if step < 0 else length
+
+    # Compute start.
+    if slice.start is None:
+        start = upper if step < 0 else lower
+    else:
+        start = evaluate_slice_index(slice.start)
+        start = max(start + length, lower) if start < 0 else min(start, upper)
+
+    # Compute stop.
+    if slice.stop is None:
+        stop = lower if step < 0 else upper
+    else:
+        stop = evaluate_slice_index(slice.stop)
+        stop = max(stop + length, lower) if stop < 0 else min(stop, upper)
+
+    return start, stop, step
+
+
+# Class providing an __index__ method.  Used for testing slice.indices.
+
+class MyIndexable(object):
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __index__(self):
+        return self.value
+
+
 class SliceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_constructor(self):
@@ -75,6 +137,22 @@ class SliceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         s = slice(obj)
         self.assertTrue(s.stop is obj)
 
+    def check_indices(self, slice, length):
+        try:
+            actual = slice.indices(length)
+        except ValueError:
+            actual = "valueerror"
+        try:
+            expected = slice_indices(slice, length)
+        except ValueError:
+            expected = "valueerror"
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+
+        if length >= 0 and slice.step != 0:
+            actual = range(*slice.indices(length))
+            expected = range(length)[slice]
+            self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+
     def test_indices(self):
         self.assertEqual(slice(None           ).indices(10), (0, 10,  1))
         self.assertEqual(slice(None,  None,  2).indices(10), (0, 10,  2))
@@ -108,7 +186,41 @@ class SliceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(list(range(10))[::sys.maxsize - 1], [0])
 
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, slice(None).indices, 1<<100)
+        # Check a variety of start, stop, step and length values, including
+        # values exceeding sys.maxsize (see issue #14794).
+        vals = [None, -2**100, -2**30, -53, -7, -1, 0, 1, 7, 53, 2**30, 2**100]
+        lengths = [0, 1, 7, 53, 2**30, 2**100]
+        for slice_args in itertools.product(vals, repeat=3):
+            s = slice(*slice_args)
+            for length in lengths:
+                self.check_indices(s, length)
+        self.check_indices(slice(0, 10, 1), -3)
+
+        # Negative length should raise ValueError
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            slice(None).indices(-1)
+
+        # Zero step should raise ValueError
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            slice(0, 10, 0).indices(5)
+
+        # Using a start, stop or step or length that can't be interpreted as an
+        # integer should give a TypeError ...
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            slice(0.0, 10, 1).indices(5)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            slice(0, 10.0, 1).indices(5)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            slice(0, 10, 1.0).indices(5)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            slice(0, 10, 1).indices(5.0)
+
+        # ... but it should be fine to use a custom class that provides index.
+        self.assertEqual(slice(0, 10, 1).indices(5), (0, 5, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(slice(MyIndexable(0), 10, 1).indices(5), (0, 5, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(slice(0, MyIndexable(10), 1).indices(5), (0, 5, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(slice(0, 10, MyIndexable(1)).indices(5), (0, 5, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(slice(0, 10, 1).indices(MyIndexable(5)), (0, 5, 1))
 
     def test_setslice_without_getslice(self):
         tmp = []
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_smtplib.py b/Lib/test/test_smtplib.py
index 3bbc6b7e53..3f7b9b4175 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_smtplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_smtplib.py
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class DebuggingServerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(smtp.source_address, ('127.0.0.1', port))
             self.assertEqual(smtp.local_hostname, 'localhost')
             smtp.quit()
-        except IOError as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             if e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                 self.skipTest("couldn't bind to port %d" % port)
             raise
@@ -524,12 +524,6 @@ class DebuggingServerTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class NonConnectingTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        smtplib.socket = mock_socket
-
-    def tearDown(self):
-        smtplib.socket = socket
-
     def testNotConnected(self):
         # Test various operations on an unconnected SMTP object that
         # should raise exceptions (at present the attempt in SMTP.send
@@ -541,10 +535,10 @@ class NonConnectingTests(unittest.TestCase):
                           smtp.send, 'test msg')
 
     def testNonnumericPort(self):
-        # check that non-numeric port raises socket.error
-        self.assertRaises(mock_socket.error, smtplib.SMTP,
+        # check that non-numeric port raises OSError
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, smtplib.SMTP,
                           "localhost", "bogus")
-        self.assertRaises(mock_socket.error, smtplib.SMTP,
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, smtplib.SMTP,
                           "localhost:bogus")
 
 
@@ -852,6 +846,15 @@ class SMTPSimTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertIn(sim_auth_credentials['cram-md5'], str(err))
         smtp.close()
 
+    def testAUTH_multiple(self):
+        # Test that multiple authentication methods are tried.
+        self.serv.add_feature("AUTH BOGUS PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5")
+        smtp = smtplib.SMTP(HOST, self.port, local_hostname='localhost', timeout=15)
+        try: smtp.login(sim_auth[0], sim_auth[1])
+        except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError as err:
+            self.assertIn(sim_auth_login_password, str(err))
+        smtp.close()
+
     def test_with_statement(self):
         with smtplib.SMTP(HOST, self.port) as smtp:
             code, message = smtp.noop()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_smtpnet.py b/Lib/test/test_smtpnet.py
index e97cf363bb..7f9db2ddf0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_smtpnet.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_smtpnet.py
@@ -1,23 +1,35 @@
 import unittest
 from test import support
 import smtplib
+import socket
 
 ssl = support.import_module("ssl")
 
 support.requires("network")
 
+def check_ssl_verifiy(host, port):
+    context = ssl.create_default_context()
+    with socket.create_connection((host, port)) as sock:
+        try:
+            sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=host)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        else:
+            sock.close()
+            return True
+
 
 class SmtpTest(unittest.TestCase):
     testServer = 'smtp.gmail.com'
     remotePort = 25
-    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
 
     def test_connect_starttls(self):
         support.get_attribute(smtplib, 'SMTP_SSL')
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
         with support.transient_internet(self.testServer):
             server = smtplib.SMTP(self.testServer, self.remotePort)
             try:
-                server.starttls(context=self.context)
+                server.starttls(context=context)
             except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
                 if e.args[0] == 'STARTTLS extension not supported by server.':
                     unittest.skip(e.args[0])
@@ -30,7 +42,7 @@ class SmtpTest(unittest.TestCase):
 class SmtpSSLTest(unittest.TestCase):
     testServer = 'smtp.gmail.com'
     remotePort = 465
-    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+    can_verify = check_ssl_verifiy(testServer, remotePort)
 
     def test_connect(self):
         support.get_attribute(smtplib, 'SMTP_SSL')
@@ -47,9 +59,19 @@ class SmtpSSLTest(unittest.TestCase):
             server.quit()
 
     def test_connect_using_sslcontext(self):
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        support.get_attribute(smtplib, 'SMTP_SSL')
+        with support.transient_internet(self.testServer):
+            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.testServer, self.remotePort, context=context)
+            server.ehlo()
+            server.quit()
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(can_verify, "SSL certificate can't be verified")
+    def test_connect_using_sslcontext_verified(self):
         support.get_attribute(smtplib, 'SMTP_SSL')
+        context = ssl.create_default_context()
         with support.transient_internet(self.testServer):
-            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.testServer, self.remotePort, context=self.context)
+            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.testServer, self.remotePort, context=context)
             server.ehlo()
             server.quit()
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sndhdr.py b/Lib/test/test_sndhdr.py
index 10046887d7..5e0abe0b36 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sndhdr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sndhdr.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class TestFormats(unittest.TestCase):
             ('sndhdr.hcom', ('hcom', 22050.0, 1, -1, 8)),
             ('sndhdr.sndt', ('sndt', 44100, 1, 5, 8)),
             ('sndhdr.voc', ('voc', 0, 1, -1, 8)),
-            ('sndhdr.wav', ('wav', 44100, 2, -1, 16)),
+            ('sndhdr.wav', ('wav', 44100, 2, 5, 16)),
         ):
             filename = findfile(filename, subdir="sndhdrdata")
             what = sndhdr.what(filename)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_socket.py b/Lib/test/test_socket.py
index 450aee1d43..e94f5396c5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_socket.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_socket.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import unittest
 from test import support
-from unittest.case import _ExpectedFailure
 
 import errno
 import io
@@ -21,13 +20,13 @@ import math
 import pickle
 import struct
 try:
-    import fcntl
-except ImportError:
-    fcntl = False
-try:
     import multiprocessing
 except ImportError:
     multiprocessing = False
+try:
+    import fcntl
+except ImportError:
+    fcntl = None
 
 HOST = support.HOST
 MSG = 'Michael Gilfix was here\u1234\r\n'.encode('utf-8') ## test unicode string and carriage return
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ def _have_socket_can():
     """Check whether CAN sockets are supported on this host."""
     try:
         s = socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW)
-    except (AttributeError, socket.error, OSError):
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
         return False
     else:
         s.close()
@@ -118,12 +117,42 @@ class SocketCANTest(unittest.TestCase):
     interface = 'vcan0'
     bufsize = 128
 
+    """The CAN frame structure is defined in <linux/can.h>:
+
+    struct can_frame {
+        canid_t can_id;  /* 32 bit CAN_ID + EFF/RTR/ERR flags */
+        __u8    can_dlc; /* data length code: 0 .. 8 */
+        __u8    data[8] __attribute__((aligned(8)));
+    };
+    """
+    can_frame_fmt = "=IB3x8s"
+    can_frame_size = struct.calcsize(can_frame_fmt)
+
+    """The Broadcast Management Command frame structure is defined
+    in <linux/can/bcm.h>:
+
+    struct bcm_msg_head {
+        __u32 opcode;
+        __u32 flags;
+        __u32 count;
+        struct timeval ival1, ival2;
+        canid_t can_id;
+        __u32 nframes;
+        struct can_frame frames[0];
+    }
+
+    `bcm_msg_head` must be 8 bytes aligned because of the `frames` member (see
+    `struct can_frame` definition). Must use native not standard types for packing.
+    """
+    bcm_cmd_msg_fmt = "@3I4l2I"
+    bcm_cmd_msg_fmt += "x" * (struct.calcsize(bcm_cmd_msg_fmt) % 8)
+
     def setUp(self):
         self.s = socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW)
         self.addCleanup(self.s.close)
         try:
             self.s.bind((self.interface,))
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             self.skipTest('network interface `%s` does not exist' %
                            self.interface)
 
@@ -239,9 +268,6 @@ class ThreadableTest:
             raise TypeError("test_func must be a callable function")
         try:
             test_func()
-        except _ExpectedFailure:
-            # We deliberately ignore expected failures
-            pass
         except BaseException as e:
             self.queue.put(e)
         finally:
@@ -292,7 +318,7 @@ class ThreadedCANSocketTest(SocketCANTest, ThreadableTest):
         self.cli = socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW)
         try:
             self.cli.bind((self.interface,))
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             # skipTest should not be called here, and will be called in the
             # server instead
             pass
@@ -540,11 +566,7 @@ class SCTPStreamBase(InetTestBase):
 class Inet6TestBase(InetTestBase):
     """Base class for IPv6 socket tests."""
 
-    # Don't use "localhost" here - it may not have an IPv6 address
-    # assigned to it by default (e.g. in /etc/hosts), and if someone
-    # has assigned it an IPv4-mapped address, then it's unlikely to
-    # work with the full IPv6 API.
-    host = "::1"
+    host = support.HOSTv6
 
 class UDP6TestBase(Inet6TestBase):
     """Base class for UDP-over-IPv6 tests."""
@@ -605,7 +627,7 @@ def requireSocket(*args):
                     for obj in args]
         try:
             s = socket.socket(*callargs)
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             # XXX: check errno?
             err = str(e)
         else:
@@ -623,8 +645,17 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_repr(self):
         s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-        self.addCleanup(s.close)
-        self.assertTrue(repr(s).startswith("<socket.socket object"))
+        with s:
+            self.assertIn('fd=%i' % s.fileno(), repr(s))
+            self.assertIn('family=%s' % socket.AF_INET, repr(s))
+            self.assertIn('type=%s' % socket.SOCK_STREAM, repr(s))
+            self.assertIn('proto=0', repr(s))
+            self.assertNotIn('raddr', repr(s))
+            s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
+            self.assertIn('laddr', repr(s))
+            self.assertIn(str(s.getsockname()), repr(s))
+        self.assertIn('[closed]', repr(s))
+        self.assertNotIn('laddr', repr(s))
 
     def test_weakref(self):
         s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
@@ -642,11 +673,11 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def testSocketError(self):
         # Testing socket module exceptions
         msg = "Error raising socket exception (%s)."
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error, msg=msg % 'socket.error'):
-            raise socket.error
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error, msg=msg % 'socket.herror'):
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError, msg=msg % 'OSError'):
+            raise OSError
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError, msg=msg % 'socket.herror'):
             raise socket.herror
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error, msg=msg % 'socket.gaierror'):
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError, msg=msg % 'socket.gaierror'):
             raise socket.gaierror
 
     def testSendtoErrors(self):
@@ -709,13 +740,13 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         hostname = socket.gethostname()
         try:
             ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             # Probably name lookup wasn't set up right; skip this test
             self.skipTest('name lookup failure')
         self.assertTrue(ip.find('.') >= 0, "Error resolving host to ip.")
         try:
             hname, aliases, ipaddrs = socket.gethostbyaddr(ip)
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             # Probably a similar problem as above; skip this test
             self.skipTest('name lookup failure')
         all_host_names = [hostname, hname] + aliases
@@ -723,13 +754,27 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         if not fqhn in all_host_names:
             self.fail("Error testing host resolution mechanisms. (fqdn: %s, all: %s)" % (fqhn, repr(all_host_names)))
 
+    def test_host_resolution(self):
+        for addr in ['0.1.1.~1', '1+.1.1.1', '::1q', '::1::2',
+                     '1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1']:
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, socket.gethostbyname, addr)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, socket.gethostbyaddr, addr)
+
+        for addr in [support.HOST, '10.0.0.1', '255.255.255.255']:
+            self.assertEqual(socket.gethostbyname(addr), addr)
+
+        # we don't test support.HOSTv6 because there's a chance it doesn't have
+        # a matching name entry (e.g. 'ip6-localhost')
+        for host in [support.HOST]:
+            self.assertIn(host, socket.gethostbyaddr(host)[2])
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'sethostname'), "test needs socket.sethostname()")
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, 'gethostname'), "test needs socket.gethostname()")
     def test_sethostname(self):
         oldhn = socket.gethostname()
         try:
             socket.sethostname('new')
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             if e.errno == errno.EPERM:
                 self.skipTest("test should be run as root")
             else:
@@ -763,8 +808,8 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                          'socket.if_nameindex() not available.')
     def testInvalidInterfaceNameIndex(self):
         # test nonexistent interface index/name
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, socket.if_indextoname, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, socket.if_nametoindex, '_DEADBEEF')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, socket.if_indextoname, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, socket.if_nametoindex, '_DEADBEEF')
         # test with invalid values
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, socket.if_nametoindex, 0)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, socket.if_indextoname, '_DEADBEEF')
@@ -786,7 +831,7 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             # On some versions, this crashes the interpreter.
             socket.getnameinfo(('x', 0, 0, 0), 0)
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             pass
 
     def testNtoH(self):
@@ -833,17 +878,17 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
             try:
                 port = socket.getservbyname(service, 'tcp')
                 break
-            except socket.error:
+            except OSError:
                 pass
         else:
-            raise socket.error
+            raise OSError
         # Try same call with optional protocol omitted
         port2 = socket.getservbyname(service)
         eq(port, port2)
         # Try udp, but don't barf if it doesn't exist
         try:
             udpport = socket.getservbyname(service, 'udp')
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             udpport = None
         else:
             eq(udpport, port)
@@ -899,7 +944,7 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         g = lambda a: inet_pton(AF_INET, a)
 
         assertInvalid = lambda func,a: self.assertRaises(
-            (socket.error, ValueError), func, a
+            (OSError, ValueError), func, a
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00', f('0.0.0.0'))
@@ -932,9 +977,17 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.skipTest('IPv6 not available')
         except ImportError:
             self.skipTest('could not import needed symbols from socket')
+
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            try:
+                inet_pton(AF_INET6, '::')
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.winerror == 10022:
+                    self.skipTest('IPv6 might not be supported')
+
         f = lambda a: inet_pton(AF_INET6, a)
         assertInvalid = lambda a: self.assertRaises(
-            (socket.error, ValueError), f, a
+            (OSError, ValueError), f, a
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(b'\x00' * 16, f('::'))
@@ -983,7 +1036,7 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         from socket import inet_ntoa as f, inet_ntop, AF_INET
         g = lambda a: inet_ntop(AF_INET, a)
         assertInvalid = lambda func,a: self.assertRaises(
-            (socket.error, ValueError), func, a
+            (OSError, ValueError), func, a
         )
 
         self.assertEqual('1.0.1.0', f(b'\x01\x00\x01\x00'))
@@ -1010,9 +1063,17 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.skipTest('IPv6 not available')
         except ImportError:
             self.skipTest('could not import needed symbols from socket')
+
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            try:
+                inet_ntop(AF_INET6, b'\x00' * 16)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.winerror == 10022:
+                    self.skipTest('IPv6 might not be supported')
+
         f = lambda a: inet_ntop(AF_INET6, a)
         assertInvalid = lambda a: self.assertRaises(
-            (socket.error, ValueError), f, a
+            (OSError, ValueError), f, a
         )
 
         self.assertEqual('::', f(b'\x00' * 16))
@@ -1040,7 +1101,7 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # At least for eCos.  This is required for the S/390 to pass.
         try:
             my_ip_addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             # Probably name lookup wasn't set up right; skip this test
             self.skipTest('name lookup failure')
         self.assertIn(name[0], ("0.0.0.0", my_ip_addr), '%s invalid' % name[0])
@@ -1067,13 +1128,19 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
         sock.settimeout(1)
         sock.close()
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, sock.send, b"spam")
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, sock.send, b"spam")
 
     def testNewAttributes(self):
         # testing .family, .type and .protocol
+
         sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
         self.assertEqual(sock.family, socket.AF_INET)
-        self.assertEqual(sock.type, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        if hasattr(socket, 'SOCK_CLOEXEC'):
+            self.assertIn(sock.type,
+                          (socket.SOCK_STREAM | socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC,
+                           socket.SOCK_STREAM))
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(sock.type, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
         self.assertEqual(sock.proto, 0)
         sock.close()
 
@@ -1126,9 +1193,12 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, 80)
         socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, None)
         # test family and socktype filters
-        infos = socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, None, socket.AF_INET)
-        for family, _, _, _, _ in infos:
+        infos = socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, 80, socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        for family, type, _, _, _ in infos:
             self.assertEqual(family, socket.AF_INET)
+            self.assertEqual(str(family), 'AddressFamily.AF_INET')
+            self.assertEqual(type, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            self.assertEqual(str(type), 'SocketType.SOCK_STREAM')
         infos = socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, None, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
         for _, socktype, _, _, _ in infos:
             self.assertEqual(socktype, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
@@ -1176,7 +1246,7 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_getnameinfo(self):
         # only IP addresses are allowed
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, socket.getnameinfo, ('mail.python.org',0), 0)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, socket.getnameinfo, ('mail.python.org',0), 0)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(support.is_resource_enabled('network'),
                          'network is not enabled')
@@ -1291,10 +1361,31 @@ class GeneralModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
     @unittest.skipUnless(support.IPV6_ENABLED, 'IPv6 required for this test.')
     def test_flowinfo(self):
         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, socket.getnameinfo,
-                          ('::1',0, 0xffffffff), 0)
+                          (support.HOSTv6, 0, 0xffffffff), 0)
         with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, s.bind, ('::1', 0, -10))
-
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, s.bind, (support.HOSTv6, 0, -10))
+
+    def test_str_for_enums(self):
+        # Make sure that the AF_* and SOCK_* constants have enum-like string
+        # reprs.
+        with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
+            self.assertEqual(str(s.family), 'AddressFamily.AF_INET')
+            self.assertEqual(str(s.type), 'SocketType.SOCK_STREAM')
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt', 'Will not work on Windows')
+    def test_uknown_socket_family_repr(self):
+        # Test that when created with a family that's not one of the known
+        # AF_*/SOCK_* constants, socket.family just returns the number.
+        #
+        # To do this we fool socket.socket into believing it already has an
+        # open fd because on this path it doesn't actually verify the family and
+        # type and populates the socket object.
+        #
+        # On Windows this trick won't work, so the test is skipped.
+        fd, _ = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        with socket.socket(family=42424, type=13331, fileno=fd) as s:
+            self.assertEqual(s.family, 42424)
+            self.assertEqual(s.type, 13331)
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(HAVE_SOCKET_CAN, 'SocketCan required for this test.')
 class BasicCANTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1304,10 +1395,35 @@ class BasicCANTest(unittest.TestCase):
         socket.PF_CAN
         socket.CAN_RAW
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "CAN_BCM"),
+                         'socket.CAN_BCM required for this test.')
+    def testBCMConstants(self):
+        socket.CAN_BCM
+
+        # opcodes
+        socket.CAN_BCM_TX_SETUP     # create (cyclic) transmission task
+        socket.CAN_BCM_TX_DELETE    # remove (cyclic) transmission task
+        socket.CAN_BCM_TX_READ      # read properties of (cyclic) transmission task
+        socket.CAN_BCM_TX_SEND      # send one CAN frame
+        socket.CAN_BCM_RX_SETUP     # create RX content filter subscription
+        socket.CAN_BCM_RX_DELETE    # remove RX content filter subscription
+        socket.CAN_BCM_RX_READ      # read properties of RX content filter subscription
+        socket.CAN_BCM_TX_STATUS    # reply to TX_READ request
+        socket.CAN_BCM_TX_EXPIRED   # notification on performed transmissions (count=0)
+        socket.CAN_BCM_RX_STATUS    # reply to RX_READ request
+        socket.CAN_BCM_RX_TIMEOUT   # cyclic message is absent
+        socket.CAN_BCM_RX_CHANGED   # updated CAN frame (detected content change)
+
     def testCreateSocket(self):
         with socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW) as s:
             pass
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "CAN_BCM"),
+                         'socket.CAN_BCM required for this test.')
+    def testCreateBCMSocket(self):
+        with socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.CAN_BCM) as s:
+            pass
+
     def testBindAny(self):
         with socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW) as s:
             s.bind(('', ))
@@ -1315,7 +1431,7 @@ class BasicCANTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def testTooLongInterfaceName(self):
         # most systems limit IFNAMSIZ to 16, take 1024 to be sure
         with socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW) as s:
-            self.assertRaisesRegex(socket.error, 'interface name too long',
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(OSError, 'interface name too long',
                                    s.bind, ('x' * 1024,))
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "CAN_RAW_LOOPBACK"),
@@ -1340,19 +1456,8 @@ class BasicCANTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(HAVE_SOCKET_CAN, 'SocketCan required for this test.')
-@unittest.skipUnless(thread, 'Threading required for this test.')
 class CANTest(ThreadedCANSocketTest):
 
-    """The CAN frame structure is defined in <linux/can.h>:
-
-    struct can_frame {
-        canid_t can_id;  /* 32 bit CAN_ID + EFF/RTR/ERR flags */
-        __u8    can_dlc; /* data length code: 0 .. 8 */
-        __u8    data[8] __attribute__((aligned(8)));
-    };
-    """
-    can_frame_fmt = "=IB3x8s"
-
     def __init__(self, methodName='runTest'):
         ThreadedCANSocketTest.__init__(self, methodName=methodName)
 
@@ -1401,6 +1506,46 @@ class CANTest(ThreadedCANSocketTest):
         self.cf2 = self.build_can_frame(0x12, b'\x99\x22\x33')
         self.cli.send(self.cf2)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "CAN_BCM"),
+                         'socket.CAN_BCM required for this test.')
+    def _testBCM(self):
+        cf, addr = self.cli.recvfrom(self.bufsize)
+        self.assertEqual(self.cf, cf)
+        can_id, can_dlc, data = self.dissect_can_frame(cf)
+        self.assertEqual(self.can_id, can_id)
+        self.assertEqual(self.data, data)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "CAN_BCM"),
+                         'socket.CAN_BCM required for this test.')
+    def testBCM(self):
+        bcm = socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.CAN_BCM)
+        self.addCleanup(bcm.close)
+        bcm.connect((self.interface,))
+        self.can_id = 0x123
+        self.data = bytes([0xc0, 0xff, 0xee])
+        self.cf = self.build_can_frame(self.can_id, self.data)
+        opcode = socket.CAN_BCM_TX_SEND
+        flags = 0
+        count = 0
+        ival1_seconds = ival1_usec = ival2_seconds = ival2_usec = 0
+        bcm_can_id = 0x0222
+        nframes = 1
+        assert len(self.cf) == 16
+        header = struct.pack(self.bcm_cmd_msg_fmt,
+                    opcode,
+                    flags,
+                    count,
+                    ival1_seconds,
+                    ival1_usec,
+                    ival2_seconds,
+                    ival2_usec,
+                    bcm_can_id,
+                    nframes,
+                    )
+        header_plus_frame = header + self.cf
+        bytes_sent = bcm.send(header_plus_frame)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_sent, len(header_plus_frame))
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(HAVE_SOCKET_RDS, 'RDS sockets required for this test.')
 class BasicRDSTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1623,7 +1768,7 @@ class BasicTCPTest(SocketConnectedTest):
         self.assertEqual(f, fileno)
         # cli_conn cannot be used anymore...
         self.assertTrue(self.cli_conn._closed)
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, self.cli_conn.recv, 1024)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.cli_conn.recv, 1024)
         self.cli_conn.close()
         # ...but we can create another socket using the (still open)
         # file descriptor
@@ -1992,7 +2137,7 @@ class SendmsgTests(SendrecvmsgServerTimeoutBase):
     def _testSendmsgExcessCmsgReject(self):
         if not hasattr(socket, "CMSG_SPACE"):
             # Can only send one item
-            with self.assertRaises(socket.error) as cm:
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
                 self.sendmsgToServer([MSG], [(0, 0, b""), (0, 0, b"")])
             self.assertIsNone(cm.exception.errno)
         self.sendToServer(b"done")
@@ -2003,7 +2148,7 @@ class SendmsgTests(SendrecvmsgServerTimeoutBase):
 
     def _testSendmsgAfterClose(self):
         self.cli_sock.close()
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, self.sendmsgToServer, [MSG])
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.sendmsgToServer, [MSG])
 
 
 class SendmsgStreamTests(SendmsgTests):
@@ -2047,7 +2192,7 @@ class SendmsgStreamTests(SendmsgTests):
     @testSendmsgDontWait.client_skip
     def _testSendmsgDontWait(self):
         try:
-            with self.assertRaises(socket.error) as cm:
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
                 while True:
                     self.sendmsgToServer([b"a"*512], [], socket.MSG_DONTWAIT)
             self.assertIn(cm.exception.errno,
@@ -2067,9 +2212,9 @@ class SendmsgConnectionlessTests(SendmsgTests):
         pass
 
     def _testSendmsgNoDestAddr(self):
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, self.cli_sock.sendmsg,
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.cli_sock.sendmsg,
                           [MSG])
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, self.cli_sock.sendmsg,
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.cli_sock.sendmsg,
                           [MSG], [], 0, None)
 
 
@@ -2155,7 +2300,7 @@ class RecvmsgGenericTests(SendrecvmsgBase):
     def testRecvmsgAfterClose(self):
         # Check that recvmsg[_into]() fails on a closed socket.
         self.serv_sock.close()
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, self.doRecvmsg, self.serv_sock, 1024)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.doRecvmsg, self.serv_sock, 1024)
 
     def _testRecvmsgAfterClose(self):
         pass
@@ -2606,7 +2751,7 @@ class SCMRightsTest(SendrecvmsgServerTimeoutBase):
         # call fails, just send msg with no ancillary data.
         try:
             nbytes = self.sendmsgToServer([msg], ancdata)
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             # Check that it was the system call that failed
             self.assertIsInstance(e.errno, int)
             nbytes = self.sendmsgToServer([msg])
@@ -2984,7 +3129,7 @@ class RFC3542AncillaryTest(SendrecvmsgServerTimeoutBase):
                   array.array("i", [self.traffic_class]).tobytes() + b"\x00"),
                  (socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_HOPLIMIT,
                   array.array("i", [self.hop_limit]))])
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             self.assertIsInstance(e.errno, int)
             nbytes = self.sendmsgToServer(
                 [MSG],
@@ -3442,10 +3587,10 @@ class InterruptedRecvTimeoutTest(InterruptedTimeoutBase, UDPTestBase):
         self.serv.settimeout(self.timeout)
 
     def checkInterruptedRecv(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
-        # Check that func(*args, **kwargs) raises socket.error with an
+        # Check that func(*args, **kwargs) raises OSError with an
         # errno of EINTR when interrupted by a signal.
         self.setAlarm(self.alarm_time)
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             func(*args, **kwargs)
         self.assertNotIsInstance(cm.exception, socket.timeout)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EINTR)
@@ -3502,9 +3647,9 @@ class InterruptedSendTimeoutTest(InterruptedTimeoutBase,
 
     def checkInterruptedSend(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
         # Check that func(*args, **kwargs), run in a loop, raises
-        # socket.error with an errno of EINTR when interrupted by a
+        # OSError with an errno of EINTR when interrupted by a
         # signal.
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             while True:
                 self.setAlarm(self.alarm_time)
                 func(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -3603,7 +3748,7 @@ class NonBlockingTCPTests(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
         start = time.time()
         try:
             self.serv.accept()
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         end = time.time()
         self.assertTrue((end - start) < 1.0, "Error setting non-blocking mode.")
@@ -3638,7 +3783,7 @@ class NonBlockingTCPTests(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
         start = time.time()
         try:
             self.serv.accept()
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         end = time.time()
         self.assertTrue((end - start) < 1.0, "Error creating with non-blocking mode.")
@@ -3668,7 +3813,7 @@ class NonBlockingTCPTests(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
         self.serv.setblocking(0)
         try:
             conn, addr = self.serv.accept()
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         else:
             self.fail("Error trying to do non-blocking accept.")
@@ -3698,7 +3843,7 @@ class NonBlockingTCPTests(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
         conn.setblocking(0)
         try:
             msg = conn.recv(len(MSG))
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         else:
             self.fail("Error trying to do non-blocking recv.")
@@ -3781,7 +3926,7 @@ class FileObjectClassTestCase(SocketConnectedTest):
         # First read raises a timeout
         self.assertRaises(socket.timeout, self.read_file.read, 1)
         # Second read is disallowed
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as ctx:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as ctx:
             self.read_file.read(1)
         self.assertIn("cannot read from timed out object", str(ctx.exception))
 
@@ -3873,7 +4018,7 @@ class FileObjectClassTestCase(SocketConnectedTest):
         self.read_file.close()
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.read_file.fileno)
         self.cli_conn.close()
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, self.cli_conn.getsockname)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.cli_conn.getsockname)
 
     def _testRealClose(self):
         pass
@@ -3910,7 +4055,7 @@ class FileObjectInterruptedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _raise_eintr():
-        raise socket.error(errno.EINTR, "interrupted")
+        raise OSError(errno.EINTR, "interrupted")
 
     def _textiowrap_mock_socket(self, mock, buffering=-1):
         raw = socket.SocketIO(mock, "r")
@@ -4022,7 +4167,7 @@ class UnbufferedFileObjectClassTestCase(FileObjectClassTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(msg, self.read_msg)
         # ...until the file is itself closed
         self.read_file.close()
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, self.cli_conn.recv, 1024)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, self.cli_conn.recv, 1024)
 
     def _testMakefileClose(self):
         self.write_file.write(self.write_msg)
@@ -4171,7 +4316,7 @@ class NetworkConnectionNoServer(unittest.TestCase):
         port = support.find_unused_port()
         cli = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
         self.addCleanup(cli.close)
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             cli.connect((HOST, port))
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ECONNREFUSED)
 
@@ -4179,7 +4324,7 @@ class NetworkConnectionNoServer(unittest.TestCase):
         # Issue #9792: errors raised by create_connection() should have
         # a proper errno attribute.
         port = support.find_unused_port()
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             socket.create_connection((HOST, port))
 
         # Issue #16257: create_connection() calls getaddrinfo() against
@@ -4327,7 +4472,7 @@ class TCPTimeoutTest(SocketTCPTest):
             foo = self.serv.accept()
         except socket.timeout:
             self.fail("caught timeout instead of error (TCP)")
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             ok = True
         except:
             self.fail("caught unexpected exception (TCP)")
@@ -4384,7 +4529,7 @@ class UDPTimeoutTest(SocketUDPTest):
             foo = self.serv.recv(1024)
         except socket.timeout:
             self.fail("caught timeout instead of error (UDP)")
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             ok = True
         except:
             self.fail("caught unexpected exception (UDP)")
@@ -4394,10 +4539,10 @@ class UDPTimeoutTest(SocketUDPTest):
 class TestExceptions(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def testExceptionTree(self):
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(socket.error, Exception))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(socket.herror, socket.error))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(socket.gaierror, socket.error))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(socket.timeout, socket.error))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(OSError, Exception))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(socket.herror, OSError))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(socket.gaierror, OSError))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(socket.timeout, OSError))
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'linux', 'Linux specific test')
 class TestLinuxAbstractNamespace(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -4424,7 +4569,7 @@ class TestLinuxAbstractNamespace(unittest.TestCase):
     def testNameOverflow(self):
         address = "\x00" + "h" * self.UNIX_PATH_MAX
         with socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, s.bind, address)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, s.bind, address)
 
     def testStrName(self):
         # Check that an abstract name can be passed as a string.
@@ -4681,7 +4826,7 @@ class ContextManagersTest(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
         self.assertTrue(sock._closed)
         # exception inside with block
         with socket.socket() as sock:
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, sock.sendall, b'foo')
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, sock.sendall, b'foo')
         self.assertTrue(sock._closed)
 
     def testCreateConnectionBase(self):
@@ -4709,19 +4854,76 @@ class ContextManagersTest(ThreadedTCPSocketTest):
         with socket.create_connection(address) as sock:
             sock.close()
         self.assertTrue(sock._closed)
-        self.assertRaises(socket.error, sock.sendall, b'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, sock.sendall, b'foo')
 
 
-@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "SOCK_CLOEXEC"),
-                     "SOCK_CLOEXEC not defined")
-@unittest.skipUnless(fcntl, "module fcntl not available")
-class CloexecConstantTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "SOCK_CLOEXEC"),
+                         "SOCK_CLOEXEC not defined")
     @support.requires_linux_version(2, 6, 28)
     def test_SOCK_CLOEXEC(self):
         with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,
                            socket.SOCK_STREAM | socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC) as s:
             self.assertTrue(s.type & socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC)
-            self.assertTrue(fcntl.fcntl(s, fcntl.F_GETFD) & fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)
+            self.assertFalse(s.get_inheritable())
+
+    def test_default_inheritable(self):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            self.assertEqual(sock.get_inheritable(), False)
+
+    def test_dup(self):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            newsock = sock.dup()
+            sock.close()
+            with newsock:
+                self.assertEqual(newsock.get_inheritable(), False)
+
+    def test_set_inheritable(self):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            sock.set_inheritable(True)
+            self.assertEqual(sock.get_inheritable(), True)
+
+            sock.set_inheritable(False)
+            self.assertEqual(sock.get_inheritable(), False)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(fcntl is None, "need fcntl")
+    def test_get_inheritable_cloexec(self):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            fd = sock.fileno()
+            self.assertEqual(sock.get_inheritable(), False)
+
+            # clear FD_CLOEXEC flag
+            flags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD)
+            flags &= ~fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC
+            fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFD, flags)
+
+            self.assertEqual(sock.get_inheritable(), True)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(fcntl is None, "need fcntl")
+    def test_set_inheritable_cloexec(self):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            fd = sock.fileno()
+            self.assertEqual(fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD) & fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC,
+                             fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)
+
+            sock.set_inheritable(True)
+            self.assertEqual(fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD) & fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC,
+                             0)
+
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "socketpair"),
+                         "need socket.socketpair()")
+    def test_socketpair(self):
+        s1, s2 = socket.socketpair()
+        self.addCleanup(s1.close)
+        self.addCleanup(s2.close)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.get_inheritable(), False)
+        self.assertEqual(s2.get_inheritable(), False)
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "SOCK_NONBLOCK"),
@@ -4890,7 +5092,7 @@ def test_main():
         NetworkConnectionAttributesTest,
         NetworkConnectionBehaviourTest,
         ContextManagersTest,
-        CloexecConstantTest,
+        InheritanceTest,
         NonblockConstantTest
     ])
     tests.append(BasicSocketPairTest)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_socketserver.py b/Lib/test/test_socketserver.py
index 59d8e5dcb7..0617b30a69 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_socketserver.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_socketserver.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 Test suite for socketserver.
 """
 
+import _imp as imp
 import contextlib
-import imp
 import os
 import select
 import signal
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ HOST = test.support.HOST
 HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS = hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX")
 requires_unix_sockets = unittest.skipUnless(HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS,
                                             'requires Unix sockets')
-HAVE_FORKING = hasattr(os, "fork") and os.name != "os2"
+HAVE_FORKING = hasattr(os, "fork")
 requires_forking = unittest.skipUnless(HAVE_FORKING, 'requires forking')
 
 def signal_alarm(n):
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class SocketServerTest(unittest.TestCase):
         for fn in self.test_files:
             try:
                 os.remove(fn)
-            except os.error:
+            except OSError:
                 pass
         self.test_files[:] = []
 
@@ -96,21 +96,7 @@ class SocketServerTest(unittest.TestCase):
             # XXX: We need a way to tell AF_UNIX to pick its own name
             # like AF_INET provides port==0.
             dir = None
-            if os.name == 'os2':
-                dir = '\socket'
             fn = tempfile.mktemp(prefix='unix_socket.', dir=dir)
-            if os.name == 'os2':
-                # AF_UNIX socket names on OS/2 require a specific prefix
-                # which can't include a drive letter and must also use
-                # backslashes as directory separators
-                if fn[1] == ':':
-                    fn = fn[2:]
-                if fn[0] in (os.sep, os.altsep):
-                    fn = fn[1:]
-                if os.sep == '/':
-                    fn = fn.replace(os.sep, os.altsep)
-                else:
-                    fn = fn.replace(os.altsep, os.sep)
             self.test_files.append(fn)
             return fn
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pep263.py b/Lib/test/test_source_encoding.py
index 324ae38619..cd9d2b374c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pep263.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_source_encoding.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 # -*- coding: koi8-r -*-
 
 import unittest
-from test import support
+from test.support import TESTFN, unlink, unload
+import importlib
+import os
+import sys
 
-class PEP263Test(unittest.TestCase):
+class SourceEncodingTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_pep263(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -72,9 +75,61 @@ class PEP263Test(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, 'BOM'):
             compile(b'\xef\xbb\xbf# -*- coding: fake -*-\n', 'dummy', 'exec')
 
+    def test_bad_coding(self):
+        module_name = 'bad_coding'
+        self.verify_bad_module(module_name)
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(PEP263Test)
+    def test_bad_coding2(self):
+        module_name = 'bad_coding2'
+        self.verify_bad_module(module_name)
 
-if __name__=="__main__":
-    test_main()
+    def verify_bad_module(self, module_name):
+        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, __import__, 'test.' + module_name)
+
+        path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+        filename = os.path.join(path, module_name + '.py')
+        with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
+            bytes = fp.read()
+        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, bytes, filename, 'exec')
+
+    def test_exec_valid_coding(self):
+        d = {}
+        exec(b'# coding: cp949\na = "\xaa\xa7"\n', d)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], '\u3047')
+
+    def test_file_parse(self):
+        # issue1134: all encodings outside latin-1 and utf-8 fail on
+        # multiline strings and long lines (>512 columns)
+        unload(TESTFN)
+        filename = TESTFN + ".py"
+        f = open(filename, "w", encoding="cp1252")
+        sys.path.insert(0, os.curdir)
+        try:
+            with f:
+                f.write("# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-\n")
+                f.write("'''A short string\n")
+                f.write("'''\n")
+                f.write("'A very long string %s'\n" % ("X" * 1000))
+
+            importlib.invalidate_caches()
+            __import__(TESTFN)
+        finally:
+            del sys.path[0]
+            unlink(filename)
+            unlink(filename + "c")
+            unlink(filename + "o")
+            unload(TESTFN)
+
+    def test_error_from_string(self):
+        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue6289
+        input = "# coding: ascii\n\N{SNOWMAN}".encode('utf-8')
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as c:
+            compile(input, "<string>", "exec")
+        expected = "'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 16: " \
+                   "ordinal not in range(128)"
+        self.assertTrue(c.exception.args[0].startswith(expected),
+                        msg=c.exception.args[0])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ssl.py b/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
index 9fc6027afb..0dc04c08ea 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from test import support
 import socket
 import select
 import time
+import datetime
 import gc
 import os
 import errno
@@ -17,19 +18,15 @@ import asyncore
 import weakref
 import platform
 import functools
+from unittest import mock
 
 ssl = support.import_module("ssl")
 
-PROTOCOLS = [
-    ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3,
-    ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1
-]
-if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
-    PROTOCOLS.append(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2)
-
+PROTOCOLS = sorted(ssl._PROTOCOL_NAMES)
 HOST = support.HOST
 
-data_file = lambda name: os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), name)
+def data_file(*name):
+    return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), *name)
 
 # The custom key and certificate files used in test_ssl are generated
 # using Lib/test/make_ssl_certs.py.
@@ -47,6 +44,17 @@ ONLYKEY_PROTECTED = data_file("ssl_key.passwd.pem")
 KEY_PASSWORD = "somepass"
 CAPATH = data_file("capath")
 BYTES_CAPATH = os.fsencode(CAPATH)
+CAFILE_NEURONIO = data_file("capath", "4e1295a3.0")
+CAFILE_CACERT = data_file("capath", "5ed36f99.0")
+
+
+# empty CRL
+CRLFILE = data_file("revocation.crl")
+
+# Two keys and certs signed by the same CA (for SNI tests)
+SIGNED_CERTFILE = data_file("keycert3.pem")
+SIGNED_CERTFILE2 = data_file("keycert4.pem")
+SIGNING_CA = data_file("pycacert.pem")
 
 SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT = data_file("https_svn_python_org_root.pem")
 
@@ -60,6 +68,7 @@ NULLBYTECERT = data_file("nullbytecert.pem")
 DHFILE = data_file("dh512.pem")
 BYTES_DHFILE = os.fsencode(DHFILE)
 
+
 def handle_error(prefix):
     exc_format = ' '.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()))
     if support.verbose:
@@ -73,6 +82,23 @@ def no_sslv2_implies_sslv3_hello():
     # 0.9.7h or higher
     return ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO >= (0, 9, 7, 8, 15)
 
+def have_verify_flags():
+    # 0.9.8 or higher
+    return ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO >= (0, 9, 8, 0, 15)
+
+def asn1time(cert_time):
+    # Some versions of OpenSSL ignore seconds, see #18207
+    # 0.9.8.i
+    if ssl._OPENSSL_API_VERSION == (0, 9, 8, 9, 15):
+        fmt = "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y GMT"
+        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(cert_time, fmt)
+        dt = dt.replace(second=0)
+        cert_time = dt.strftime(fmt)
+        # %d adds leading zero but ASN1_TIME_print() uses leading space
+        if cert_time[4] == "0":
+            cert_time = cert_time[:4] + " " + cert_time[5:]
+
+    return cert_time
 
 # Issue #9415: Ubuntu hijacks their OpenSSL and forcefully disables SSLv2
 def skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl(func):
@@ -90,14 +116,12 @@ def skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl(func):
     else:
         return func
 
+needs_sni = unittest.skipUnless(ssl.HAS_SNI, "SNI support needed for this test")
+
 
 class BasicSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_constants(self):
-        #ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2
-        ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23
-        ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3
-        ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1
         ssl.CERT_NONE
         ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL
         ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
@@ -179,8 +203,9 @@ class BasicSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):
                           (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
                           (('commonName', 'localhost'),))
                         )
-        self.assertEqual(p['notAfter'], 'Oct  5 23:01:56 2020 GMT')
-        self.assertEqual(p['notBefore'], 'Oct  8 23:01:56 2010 GMT')
+        # Note the next three asserts will fail if the keys are regenerated
+        self.assertEqual(p['notAfter'], asn1time('Oct  5 23:01:56 2020 GMT'))
+        self.assertEqual(p['notBefore'], asn1time('Oct  8 23:01:56 2010 GMT'))
         self.assertEqual(p['serialNumber'], 'D7C7381919AFC24E')
         self.assertEqual(p['subject'],
                          ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
@@ -198,6 +223,12 @@ class BasicSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):
                          (('DNS', 'projects.developer.nokia.com'),
                           ('DNS', 'projects.forum.nokia.com'))
                         )
+        # extra OCSP and AIA fields
+        self.assertEqual(p['OCSP'], ('http://ocsp.verisign.com',))
+        self.assertEqual(p['caIssuers'],
+                         ('http://SVRIntl-G3-aia.verisign.com/SVRIntlG3.cer',))
+        self.assertEqual(p['crlDistributionPoints'],
+                         ('http://SVRIntl-G3-crl.verisign.com/SVRIntlG3.crl',))
 
     def test_parse_cert_CVE_2013_4238(self):
         p = ssl._ssl._test_decode_cert(NULLBYTECERT)
@@ -280,15 +311,15 @@ class BasicSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_wrapped_unconnected(self):
         # Methods on an unconnected SSLSocket propagate the original
-        # socket.error raise by the underlying socket object.
+        # OSError raise by the underlying socket object.
         s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
         with ssl.wrap_socket(s) as ss:
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, ss.recv, 1)
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, ss.recv_into, bytearray(b'x'))
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, ss.recvfrom, 1)
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, ss.recvfrom_into, bytearray(b'x'), 1)
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, ss.send, b'x')
-            self.assertRaises(socket.error, ss.sendto, b'x', ('0.0.0.0', 0))
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recv, 1)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recv_into, bytearray(b'x'))
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recvfrom, 1)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recvfrom_into, bytearray(b'x'), 1)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.send, b'x')
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.sendto, b'x', ('0.0.0.0', 0))
 
     def test_timeout(self):
         # Issue #8524: when creating an SSL socket, the timeout of the
@@ -313,15 +344,15 @@ class BasicSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with ssl.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True, certfile=CERTFILE) as s:
             self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "can't connect in server-side mode",
                                     s.connect, (HOST, 8080))
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             with socket.socket() as sock:
                 ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile=WRONGCERT)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             with socket.socket() as sock:
                 ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile=CERTFILE, keyfile=WRONGCERT)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             with socket.socket() as sock:
                 ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile=WRONGCERT, keyfile=WRONGCERT)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
@@ -493,6 +524,114 @@ class BasicSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):
             support.gc_collect()
         self.assertIn(r, str(cm.warning.args[0]))
 
+    def test_get_default_verify_paths(self):
+        paths = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
+        self.assertEqual(len(paths), 6)
+        self.assertIsInstance(paths, ssl.DefaultVerifyPaths)
+
+        with support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
+            env["SSL_CERT_DIR"] = CAPATH
+            env["SSL_CERT_FILE"] = CERTFILE
+            paths = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
+            self.assertEqual(paths.cafile, CERTFILE)
+            self.assertEqual(paths.capath, CAPATH)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Windows specific")
+    def test_enum_certificates(self):
+        self.assertTrue(ssl.enum_certificates("CA"))
+        self.assertTrue(ssl.enum_certificates("ROOT"))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.enum_certificates)
+        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, ssl.enum_certificates, "")
+
+        trust_oids = set()
+        for storename in ("CA", "ROOT"):
+            store = ssl.enum_certificates(storename)
+            self.assertIsInstance(store, list)
+            for element in store:
+                self.assertIsInstance(element, tuple)
+                self.assertEqual(len(element), 3)
+                cert, enc, trust = element
+                self.assertIsInstance(cert, bytes)
+                self.assertIn(enc, {"x509_asn", "pkcs_7_asn"})
+                self.assertIsInstance(trust, (set, bool))
+                if isinstance(trust, set):
+                    trust_oids.update(trust)
+
+        serverAuth = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"
+        self.assertIn(serverAuth, trust_oids)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Windows specific")
+    def test_enum_crls(self):
+        self.assertTrue(ssl.enum_crls("CA"))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.enum_crls)
+        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, ssl.enum_crls, "")
+
+        crls = ssl.enum_crls("CA")
+        self.assertIsInstance(crls, list)
+        for element in crls:
+            self.assertIsInstance(element, tuple)
+            self.assertEqual(len(element), 2)
+            self.assertIsInstance(element[0], bytes)
+            self.assertIn(element[1], {"x509_asn", "pkcs_7_asn"})
+
+
+    def test_asn1object(self):
+        expected = (129, 'serverAuth', 'TLS Web Server Authentication',
+                    '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
+
+        val = ssl._ASN1Object('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
+        self.assertEqual(val, expected)
+        self.assertEqual(val.nid, 129)
+        self.assertEqual(val.shortname, 'serverAuth')
+        self.assertEqual(val.longname, 'TLS Web Server Authentication')
+        self.assertEqual(val.oid, '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
+        self.assertIsInstance(val, ssl._ASN1Object)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl._ASN1Object, 'serverAuth')
+
+        val = ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid(129)
+        self.assertEqual(val, expected)
+        self.assertIsInstance(val, ssl._ASN1Object)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid, -1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "unknown NID 100000"):
+            ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid(100000)
+        for i in range(1000):
+            try:
+                obj = ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid(i)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.assertIsInstance(obj.nid, int)
+                self.assertIsInstance(obj.shortname, str)
+                self.assertIsInstance(obj.longname, str)
+                self.assertIsInstance(obj.oid, (str, type(None)))
+
+        val = ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('TLS Web Server Authentication')
+        self.assertEqual(val, expected)
+        self.assertIsInstance(val, ssl._ASN1Object)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('serverAuth'), expected)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1'),
+                         expected)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "unknown object 'serverauth'"):
+            ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('serverauth')
+
+    def test_purpose_enum(self):
+        val = ssl._ASN1Object('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
+        self.assertIsInstance(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH, ssl._ASN1Object)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH, val)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.nid, 129)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.shortname, 'serverAuth')
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.oid,
+                              '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
+
+        val = ssl._ASN1Object('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2')
+        self.assertIsInstance(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH, ssl._ASN1Object)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH, val)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH.nid, 130)
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH.shortname, 'clientAuth')
+        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH.oid,
+                              '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2')
+
     def test_unsupported_dtls(self):
         s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
         self.addCleanup(s.close)
@@ -509,11 +648,8 @@ class ContextTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
     def test_constructor(self):
-        if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
-            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2)
-        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
-        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3)
-        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        for protocol in PROTOCOLS:
+            ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.SSLContext)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.SSLContext, -1)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.SSLContext, 42)
@@ -550,7 +686,7 @@ class ContextTests(unittest.TestCase):
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                 ctx.options = 0
 
-    def test_verify(self):
+    def test_verify_mode(self):
         ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
         # Default value
         self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
@@ -565,13 +701,32 @@ class ContextTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             ctx.verify_mode = 42
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(have_verify_flags(),
+                         "verify_flags need OpenSSL > 0.9.8")
+    def test_verify_flags(self):
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        # default value by OpenSSL
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT)
+        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF)
+        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN)
+        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT)
+        # supports any value
+        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF | ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags,
+                         ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF | ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            ctx.verify_flags = None
+
     def test_load_cert_chain(self):
         ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
         # Combined key and cert in a single file
         ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
         ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE, keyfile=CERTFILE)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_cert_chain, keyfile=CERTFILE)
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             ctx.load_cert_chain(WRONGCERT)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
@@ -655,8 +810,8 @@ class ContextTests(unittest.TestCase):
         ctx.load_verify_locations(BYTES_CERTFILE)
         ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=BYTES_CERTFILE, capath=None)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations, None, None)
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError) as cm:
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations, None, None, None)
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
             ctx.load_verify_locations(WRONGCERT)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
@@ -667,6 +822,64 @@ class ContextTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Issue #10989: crash if the second argument type is invalid
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations, None, True)
 
+    def test_load_verify_cadata(self):
+        # test cadata
+        with open(CAFILE_CACERT) as f:
+            cacert_pem = f.read()
+        cacert_der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(cacert_pem)
+        with open(CAFILE_NEURONIO) as f:
+            neuronio_pem = f.read()
+        neuronio_der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(neuronio_pem)
+
+        # test PEM
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 0)
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=cacert_pem)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 1)
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=neuronio_pem)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
+        # cert already in hash table
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=neuronio_pem)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
+
+        # combined
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        combined = "\n".join((cacert_pem, neuronio_pem))
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=combined)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
+
+        # with junk around the certs
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        combined = ["head", cacert_pem, "other", neuronio_pem, "again",
+                    neuronio_pem, "tail"]
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata="\n".join(combined))
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
+
+        # test DER
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=cacert_der)
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=neuronio_der)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
+        # cert already in hash table
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=cacert_der)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
+
+        # combined
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        combined = b"".join((cacert_der, neuronio_der))
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=combined)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
+
+        # error cases
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations, cadata=object)
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "no start line"):
+            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata="broken")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "not enough data"):
+            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=b"broken")
+
+
     def test_load_dh_params(self):
         ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
         ctx.load_dh_params(DHFILE)
@@ -714,6 +927,158 @@ class ContextTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, ctx.set_ecdh_curve, "foo")
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, ctx.set_ecdh_curve, b"foo")
 
+    @needs_sni
+    def test_sni_callback(self):
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+
+        # set_servername_callback expects a callable, or None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback, 4)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback, "")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback, ctx)
+
+        def dummycallback(sock, servername, ctx):
+            pass
+        ctx.set_servername_callback(None)
+        ctx.set_servername_callback(dummycallback)
+
+    @needs_sni
+    def test_sni_callback_refcycle(self):
+        # Reference cycles through the servername callback are detected
+        # and cleared.
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        def dummycallback(sock, servername, ctx, cycle=ctx):
+            pass
+        ctx.set_servername_callback(dummycallback)
+        wr = weakref.ref(ctx)
+        del ctx, dummycallback
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
+    def test_cert_store_stats(self):
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
+            {'x509_ca': 0, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 0})
+        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
+            {'x509_ca': 0, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 0})
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
+            {'x509_ca': 0, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 1})
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
+            {'x509_ca': 1, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 2})
+
+    def test_get_ca_certs(self):
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(), [])
+        # CERTFILE is not flagged as X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(), [])
+        # but SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT is a CA cert
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(),
+            [{'issuer': ((('organizationName', 'Root CA'),),
+                         (('organizationalUnitName', 'http://www.cacert.org'),),
+                         (('commonName', 'CA Cert Signing Authority'),),
+                         (('emailAddress', 'support@cacert.org'),)),
+              'notAfter': asn1time('Mar 29 12:29:49 2033 GMT'),
+              'notBefore': asn1time('Mar 30 12:29:49 2003 GMT'),
+              'serialNumber': '00',
+              'crlDistributionPoints': ('https://www.cacert.org/revoke.crl',),
+              'subject': ((('organizationName', 'Root CA'),),
+                          (('organizationalUnitName', 'http://www.cacert.org'),),
+                          (('commonName', 'CA Cert Signing Authority'),),
+                          (('emailAddress', 'support@cacert.org'),)),
+              'version': 3}])
+
+        with open(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT) as f:
+            pem = f.read()
+        der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(True), [der])
+
+    def test_load_default_certs(self):
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        ctx.load_default_certs()
+
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        ctx.load_default_certs(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH)
+        ctx.load_default_certs()
+
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        ctx.load_default_certs(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
+
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_default_certs, None)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_default_certs, 'SERVER_AUTH')
+
+    def test_create_default_context(self):
+        ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
+        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
+
+        with open(SIGNING_CA) as f:
+            cadata = f.read()
+        ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=SIGNING_CA, capath=CAPATH,
+                                         cadata=cadata)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
+
+        ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
+
+    def test__create_stdlib_context(self):
+        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context()
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
+
+        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
+
+        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
+                                         cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
+                                         check_hostname=True)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
+        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
+
+        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context(purpose=ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
+
+    def test_check_hostname(self):
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)
+
+        # Requires CERT_REQUIRED or CERT_OPTIONAL
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            ctx.check_hostname = True
+        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)
+        ctx.check_hostname = True
+        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)
+
+        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL
+        ctx.check_hostname = True
+        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)
+
+        # Cannot set CERT_NONE with check_hostname enabled
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+        ctx.check_hostname = False
+        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)
+
 
 class SSLErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -919,6 +1284,28 @@ class NetworkedTests(unittest.TestCase):
             finally:
                 s.close()
 
+    def test_connect_cadata(self):
+        with open(CAFILE_CACERT) as f:
+            pem = f.read()
+        der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem)
+        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
+            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=pem)
+            with ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)) as s:
+                s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
+                cert = s.getpeercert()
+                self.assertTrue(cert)
+
+            # same with DER
+            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=der)
+            with ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)) as s:
+                s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
+                cert = s.getpeercert()
+                self.assertTrue(cert)
+
     @unittest.skipIf(os.name == "nt", "Can't use a socket as a file under Windows")
     def test_makefile_close(self):
         # Issue #5238: creating a file-like object with makefile() shouldn't
@@ -1031,6 +1418,36 @@ class NetworkedTests(unittest.TestCase):
             finally:
                 s.close()
 
+    def test_get_ca_certs_capath(self):
+        # capath certs are loaded on request
+        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
+            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            ctx.load_verify_locations(capath=CAPATH)
+            self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(), [])
+            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
+            s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
+            try:
+                cert = s.getpeercert()
+                self.assertTrue(cert)
+            finally:
+                s.close()
+            self.assertEqual(len(ctx.get_ca_certs()), 1)
+
+    @needs_sni
+    def test_context_setget(self):
+        # Check that the context of a connected socket can be replaced.
+        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
+            ctx1 = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            ctx2 = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
+            with ctx1.wrap_socket(s) as ss:
+                ss.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
+                self.assertIs(ss.context, ctx1)
+                self.assertIs(ss._sslobj.context, ctx1)
+                ss.context = ctx2
+                self.assertIs(ss.context, ctx2)
+                self.assertIs(ss._sslobj.context, ctx2)
 
 try:
     import threading
@@ -1158,7 +1575,7 @@ else:
                                 sys.stdout.write(" server: read %r (%s), sending back %r (%s)...\n"
                                                  % (msg, ctype, msg.lower(), ctype))
                             self.write(msg.lower())
-                    except socket.error:
+                    except OSError:
                         if self.server.chatty:
                             handle_error("Test server failure:\n")
                         self.close()
@@ -1268,7 +1685,7 @@ else:
                         return self.handle_close()
                     except ssl.SSLError:
                         raise
-                    except socket.error as err:
+                    except OSError as err:
                         if err.args[0] == errno.ECONNABORTED:
                             return self.handle_close()
                     else:
@@ -1372,19 +1789,19 @@ else:
             except ssl.SSLError as x:
                 if support.verbose:
                     sys.stdout.write("\nSSLError is %s\n" % x.args[1])
-            except socket.error as x:
+            except OSError as x:
                 if support.verbose:
-                    sys.stdout.write("\nsocket.error is %s\n" % x.args[1])
-            except IOError as x:
+                    sys.stdout.write("\nOSError is %s\n" % x.args[1])
+            except OSError as x:
                 if x.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                     raise
                 if support.verbose:
-                    sys.stdout.write("\IOError is %s\n" % str(x))
+                    sys.stdout.write("\OSError is %s\n" % str(x))
             else:
                 raise AssertionError("Use of invalid cert should have failed!")
 
     def server_params_test(client_context, server_context, indata=b"FOO\n",
-                           chatty=True, connectionchatty=False):
+                           chatty=True, connectionchatty=False, sni_name=None):
         """
         Launch a server, connect a client to it and try various reads
         and writes.
@@ -1394,7 +1811,8 @@ else:
                                     chatty=chatty,
                                     connectionchatty=False)
         with server:
-            with client_context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
+            with client_context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
+                    server_hostname=sni_name) as s:
                 s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                 for arg in [indata, bytearray(indata), memoryview(indata)]:
                     if connectionchatty:
@@ -1418,6 +1836,7 @@ else:
                 stats.update({
                     'compression': s.compression(),
                     'cipher': s.cipher(),
+                    'peercert': s.getpeercert(),
                     'client_npn_protocol': s.selected_npn_protocol()
                 })
                 s.close()
@@ -1443,12 +1862,15 @@ else:
         client_context.options |= client_options
         server_context = ssl.SSLContext(server_protocol)
         server_context.options |= server_options
+
+        # NOTE: we must enable "ALL" ciphers on the client, otherwise an
+        # SSLv23 client will send an SSLv3 hello (rather than SSLv2)
+        # starting from OpenSSL 1.0.0 (see issue #8322).
+        if client_context.protocol == ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23:
+            client_context.set_ciphers("ALL")
+
         for ctx in (client_context, server_context):
             ctx.verify_mode = certsreqs
-            # NOTE: we must enable "ALL" ciphers, otherwise an SSLv23 client
-            # will send an SSLv3 hello (rather than SSLv2) starting from
-            # OpenSSL 1.0.0 (see issue #8322).
-            ctx.set_ciphers("ALL")
             ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
             ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
         try:
@@ -1459,7 +1881,7 @@ else:
         except ssl.SSLError:
             if expect_success:
                 raise
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             if expect_success or e.errno != errno.ECONNRESET:
                 raise
         else:
@@ -1478,10 +1900,11 @@ else:
             if support.verbose:
                 sys.stdout.write("\n")
             for protocol in PROTOCOLS:
-                context = ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
-                context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
-                server_params_test(context, context,
-                                   chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)
+                with self.subTest(protocol=ssl._PROTOCOL_NAMES[protocol]):
+                    context = ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
+                    context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
+                    server_params_test(context, context,
+                                       chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)
 
         def test_getpeercert(self):
             if support.verbose:
@@ -1492,8 +1915,14 @@ else:
             context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
             server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=context, chatty=False)
             with server:
-                s = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket())
+                s = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
+                                        do_handshake_on_connect=False)
                 s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+                # getpeercert() raise ValueError while the handshake isn't
+                # done.
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    s.getpeercert()
+                s.do_handshake()
                 cert = s.getpeercert()
                 self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")
                 cipher = s.cipher()
@@ -1515,6 +1944,87 @@ else:
                 self.assertLess(before, after)
                 s.close()
 
+        @unittest.skipUnless(have_verify_flags(),
+                            "verify_flags need OpenSSL > 0.9.8")
+        def test_crl_check(self):
+            if support.verbose:
+                sys.stdout.write("\n")
+
+            server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            server_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            context.load_verify_locations(SIGNING_CA)
+            self.assertEqual(context.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT)
+
+            # VERIFY_DEFAULT should pass
+            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
+            with server:
+                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
+                    s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+                    cert = s.getpeercert()
+                    self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")
+
+            # VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF without a loaded CRL file fails
+            context.verify_flags |= ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF
+
+            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
+            with server:
+                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
+                    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError,
+                                                "certificate verify failed"):
+                        s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+
+            # now load a CRL file. The CRL file is signed by the CA.
+            context.load_verify_locations(CRLFILE)
+
+            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
+            with server:
+                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
+                    s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+                    cert = s.getpeercert()
+                    self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")
+
+        @needs_sni
+        def test_check_hostname(self):
+            if support.verbose:
+                sys.stdout.write("\n")
+
+            server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            server_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            context.check_hostname = True
+            context.load_verify_locations(SIGNING_CA)
+
+            # correct hostname should verify
+            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
+            with server:
+                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
+                                         server_hostname="localhost") as s:
+                    s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+                    cert = s.getpeercert()
+                    self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")
+
+            # incorrect hostname should raise an exception
+            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
+            with server:
+                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
+                                         server_hostname="invalid") as s:
+                    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.CertificateError,
+                                                "hostname 'invalid' doesn't match 'localhost'"):
+                        s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+
+            # missing server_hostname arg should cause an exception, too
+            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
+            with server:
+                with socket.socket() as s:
+                    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                                "check_hostname requires server_hostname"):
+                        context.wrap_socket(s)
+
         def test_empty_cert(self):
             """Connecting with an empty cert file"""
             bad_cert_test(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir,
@@ -1533,7 +2043,7 @@ else:
                                        "badkey.pem"))
 
         def test_rude_shutdown(self):
-            """A brutal shutdown of an SSL server should raise an IOError
+            """A brutal shutdown of an SSL server should raise an OSError
             in the client when attempting handshake.
             """
             listener_ready = threading.Event()
@@ -1561,7 +2071,7 @@ else:
                     listener_gone.wait()
                     try:
                         ssl_sock = ssl.wrap_socket(c)
-                    except IOError:
+                    except OSError:
                         pass
                     else:
                         self.fail('connecting to closed SSL socket should have failed')
@@ -1604,7 +2114,7 @@ else:
             if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
                 try:
                     try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, True)
-                except (ssl.SSLError, socket.error) as x:
+                except OSError as x:
                     # this fails on some older versions of OpenSSL (0.9.7l, for instance)
                     if support.verbose:
                         sys.stdout.write(
@@ -1664,6 +2174,49 @@ else:
             try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                                client_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1)
 
+        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
+        @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"),
+                             "TLS version 1.1 not supported.")
+        def test_protocol_tlsv1_1(self):
+            """Connecting to a TLSv1.1 server with various client options.
+               Testing against older TLS versions."""
+            if support.verbose:
+                sys.stdout.write("\n")
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, True)
+            if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
+                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
+                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_1)
+
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, True)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, False)
+
+
+        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
+        @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"),
+                             "TLS version 1.2 not supported.")
+        def test_protocol_tlsv1_2(self):
+            """Connecting to a TLSv1.2 server with various client options.
+               Testing against older TLS versions."""
+            if support.verbose:
+                sys.stdout.write("\n")
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, True,
+                               server_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3|ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2,
+                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3|ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2,)
+            if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
+                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
+                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_2)
+
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, True)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, False)
+            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, False)
+
         def test_starttls(self):
             """Switching from clear text to encrypted and back again."""
             msgs = (b"msg 1", b"MSG 2", b"STARTTLS", b"MSG 3", b"msg 4", b"ENDTLS", b"msg 5", b"msg 6")
@@ -1724,7 +2277,7 @@ else:
 
         def test_socketserver(self):
             """Using a SocketServer to create and manage SSL connections."""
-            server = make_https_server(self, CERTFILE)
+            server = make_https_server(self, certfile=CERTFILE)
             # try to connect
             if support.verbose:
                 sys.stdout.write('\n')
@@ -1980,6 +2533,20 @@ else:
             self.assertIsInstance(remote, ssl.SSLSocket)
             self.assertEqual(peer, client_addr)
 
+        def test_getpeercert_enotconn(self):
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as sock:
+                with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+                    sock.getpeercert()
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOTCONN)
+
+        def test_do_handshake_enotconn(self):
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as sock:
+                with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+                    sock.do_handshake()
+                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOTCONN)
+
         def test_default_ciphers(self):
             context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
             try:
@@ -1991,7 +2558,7 @@ else:
                                     ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23,
                                     chatty=False) as server:
                 with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
-                    with self.assertRaises((OSError, ssl.SSLError)):
+                    with self.assertRaises(OSError):
                         s.connect((HOST, server.port))
             self.assertIn("no shared cipher", str(server.conn_errors[0]))
 
@@ -2124,6 +2691,124 @@ else:
                     if len(stats['server_npn_protocols']) else 'nothing'
                 self.assertEqual(server_result, expected, msg % (server_result, "server"))
 
+        def sni_contexts(self):
+            server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            server_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+            other_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            other_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE2)
+            client_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+            client_context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            client_context.load_verify_locations(SIGNING_CA)
+            return server_context, other_context, client_context
+
+        def check_common_name(self, stats, name):
+            cert = stats['peercert']
+            self.assertIn((('commonName', name),), cert['subject'])
+
+        @needs_sni
+        def test_sni_callback(self):
+            calls = []
+            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()
+
+            def servername_cb(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
+                calls.append((server_name, initial_context))
+                if server_name is not None:
+                    ssl_sock.context = other_context
+            server_context.set_servername_callback(servername_cb)
+
+            stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
+                                       chatty=True,
+                                       sni_name='supermessage')
+            # The hostname was fetched properly, and the certificate was
+            # changed for the connection.
+            self.assertEqual(calls, [("supermessage", server_context)])
+            # CERTFILE4 was selected
+            self.check_common_name(stats, 'fakehostname')
+
+            calls = []
+            # The callback is called with server_name=None
+            stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
+                                       chatty=True,
+                                       sni_name=None)
+            self.assertEqual(calls, [(None, server_context)])
+            self.check_common_name(stats, 'localhost')
+
+            # Check disabling the callback
+            calls = []
+            server_context.set_servername_callback(None)
+
+            stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
+                                       chatty=True,
+                                       sni_name='notfunny')
+            # Certificate didn't change
+            self.check_common_name(stats, 'localhost')
+            self.assertEqual(calls, [])
+
+        @needs_sni
+        def test_sni_callback_alert(self):
+            # Returning a TLS alert is reflected to the connecting client
+            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()
+
+            def cb_returning_alert(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
+                return ssl.ALERT_DESCRIPTION_ACCESS_DENIED
+            server_context.set_servername_callback(cb_returning_alert)
+
+            with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm:
+                stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
+                                           chatty=False,
+                                           sni_name='supermessage')
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.reason, 'TLSV1_ALERT_ACCESS_DENIED')
+
+        @needs_sni
+        def test_sni_callback_raising(self):
+            # Raising fails the connection with a TLS handshake failure alert.
+            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()
+
+            def cb_raising(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
+                1/0
+            server_context.set_servername_callback(cb_raising)
+
+            with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm, \
+                 support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
+                stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
+                                           chatty=False,
+                                           sni_name='supermessage')
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.reason, 'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE')
+            self.assertIn("ZeroDivisionError", stderr.getvalue())
+
+        @needs_sni
+        def test_sni_callback_wrong_return_type(self):
+            # Returning the wrong return type terminates the TLS connection
+            # with an internal error alert.
+            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()
+
+            def cb_wrong_return_type(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
+                return "foo"
+            server_context.set_servername_callback(cb_wrong_return_type)
+
+            with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm, \
+                 support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
+                stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
+                                           chatty=False,
+                                           sni_name='supermessage')
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.reason, 'TLSV1_ALERT_INTERNAL_ERROR')
+            self.assertIn("TypeError", stderr.getvalue())
+
+        def test_read_write_after_close_raises_valuerror(self):
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            context.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
+            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
+            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=context, chatty=False)
+
+            with server:
+                s = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket())
+                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
+                s.close()
+
+                self.assertRaises(ValueError, s.read, 1024)
+                self.assertRaises(ValueError, s.write, b'hello')
+
 
 def test_main(verbose=False):
     if support.verbose:
@@ -2143,10 +2828,16 @@ def test_main(verbose=False):
             (ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION, ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO))
         print("          under %s" % plat)
         print("          HAS_SNI = %r" % ssl.HAS_SNI)
+        print("          OP_ALL = 0x%8x" % ssl.OP_ALL)
+        try:
+            print("          OP_NO_TLSv1_1 = 0x%8x" % ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_1)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
 
     for filename in [
         CERTFILE, SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT, BYTES_CERTFILE,
         ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY, BYTES_ONLYCERT, BYTES_ONLYKEY,
+        SIGNED_CERTFILE, SIGNED_CERTFILE2, SIGNING_CA,
         BADCERT, BADKEY, EMPTYCERT]:
         if not os.path.exists(filename):
             raise support.TestFailed("Can't read certificate file %r" % filename)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_stat.py b/Lib/test/test_stat.py
index eb3f07a63d..af6ced4204 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_stat.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_stat.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 import unittest
 import os
-from test.support import TESTFN, run_unittest, import_fresh_module
-import stat
+from test.support import TESTFN, import_fresh_module
+
+c_stat = import_fresh_module('stat', fresh=['_stat'])
+py_stat = import_fresh_module('stat', blocked=['_stat'])
+
+class TestFilemode:
+    statmod = None
 
-class TestFilemode(unittest.TestCase):
     file_flags = {'SF_APPEND', 'SF_ARCHIVED', 'SF_IMMUTABLE', 'SF_NOUNLINK',
                   'SF_SNAPSHOT', 'UF_APPEND', 'UF_COMPRESSED', 'UF_HIDDEN',
                   'UF_IMMUTABLE', 'UF_NODUMP', 'UF_NOUNLINK', 'UF_OPAQUE'}
@@ -63,17 +67,17 @@ class TestFilemode(unittest.TestCase):
             st_mode = os.lstat(fname).st_mode
         else:
             st_mode = os.stat(fname).st_mode
-        modestr = stat.filemode(st_mode)
+        modestr = self.statmod.filemode(st_mode)
         return st_mode, modestr
 
     def assertS_IS(self, name, mode):
         # test format, lstrip is for S_IFIFO
-        fmt = getattr(stat, "S_IF" + name.lstrip("F"))
-        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IFMT(mode), fmt)
+        fmt = getattr(self.statmod, "S_IF" + name.lstrip("F"))
+        self.assertEqual(self.statmod.S_IFMT(mode), fmt)
         # test that just one function returns true
         testname = "S_IS" + name
         for funcname in self.format_funcs:
-            func = getattr(stat, funcname, None)
+            func = getattr(self.statmod, funcname, None)
             if func is None:
                 if funcname == testname:
                     raise ValueError(funcname)
@@ -91,35 +95,35 @@ class TestFilemode(unittest.TestCase):
             st_mode, modestr = self.get_mode()
             self.assertEqual(modestr, '-rwx------')
             self.assertS_IS("REG", st_mode)
-            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st_mode),
-                             stat.S_IRWXU)
+            self.assertEqual(self.statmod.S_IMODE(st_mode),
+                             self.statmod.S_IRWXU)
 
             os.chmod(TESTFN, 0o070)
             st_mode, modestr = self.get_mode()
             self.assertEqual(modestr, '----rwx---')
             self.assertS_IS("REG", st_mode)
-            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st_mode),
-                             stat.S_IRWXG)
+            self.assertEqual(self.statmod.S_IMODE(st_mode),
+                             self.statmod.S_IRWXG)
 
             os.chmod(TESTFN, 0o007)
             st_mode, modestr = self.get_mode()
             self.assertEqual(modestr, '-------rwx')
             self.assertS_IS("REG", st_mode)
-            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st_mode),
-                             stat.S_IRWXO)
+            self.assertEqual(self.statmod.S_IMODE(st_mode),
+                             self.statmod.S_IRWXO)
 
             os.chmod(TESTFN, 0o444)
             st_mode, modestr = self.get_mode()
             self.assertS_IS("REG", st_mode)
             self.assertEqual(modestr, '-r--r--r--')
-            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st_mode), 0o444)
+            self.assertEqual(self.statmod.S_IMODE(st_mode), 0o444)
         else:
             os.chmod(TESTFN, 0o700)
             st_mode, modestr = self.get_mode()
             self.assertEqual(modestr[:3], '-rw')
             self.assertS_IS("REG", st_mode)
-            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IFMT(st_mode),
-                             stat.S_IFREG)
+            self.assertEqual(self.statmod.S_IFMT(st_mode),
+                             self.statmod.S_IFREG)
 
     def test_directory(self):
         os.mkdir(TESTFN)
@@ -165,25 +169,34 @@ class TestFilemode(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_module_attributes(self):
         for key, value in self.stat_struct.items():
-            modvalue = getattr(stat, key)
+            modvalue = getattr(self.statmod, key)
             self.assertEqual(value, modvalue, key)
         for key, value in self.permission_bits.items():
-            modvalue = getattr(stat, key)
+            modvalue = getattr(self.statmod, key)
             self.assertEqual(value, modvalue, key)
         for key in self.file_flags:
-            modvalue = getattr(stat, key)
+            modvalue = getattr(self.statmod, key)
             self.assertIsInstance(modvalue, int)
         for key in self.formats:
-            modvalue = getattr(stat, key)
+            modvalue = getattr(self.statmod, key)
             self.assertIsInstance(modvalue, int)
         for key in self.format_funcs:
-            func = getattr(stat, key)
+            func = getattr(self.statmod, key)
             self.assertTrue(callable(func))
             self.assertEqual(func(0), 0)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    run_unittest(TestFilemode)
+class TestFilemodeCStat(TestFilemode, unittest.TestCase):
+    statmod = c_stat
+
+    formats = TestFilemode.formats | {'S_IFDOOR', 'S_IFPORT', 'S_IFWHT'}
+    format_funcs = TestFilemode.format_funcs | {'S_ISDOOR', 'S_ISPORT',
+                                                'S_ISWHT'}
+
+
+class TestFilemodePyStat(TestFilemode, unittest.TestCase):
+    statmod = py_stat
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_statistics.py b/Lib/test/test_statistics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f5c9a649d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_statistics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1574 @@
+"""Test suite for statistics module, including helper NumericTestCase and
+approx_equal function.
+
+"""
+
+import collections
+import decimal
+import doctest
+import math
+import random
+import sys
+import types
+import unittest
+
+from decimal import Decimal
+from fractions import Fraction
+
+
+# Module to be tested.
+import statistics
+
+
+# === Helper functions and class ===
+
+def _calc_errors(actual, expected):
+    """Return the absolute and relative errors between two numbers.
+
+    >>> _calc_errors(100, 75)
+    (25, 0.25)
+    >>> _calc_errors(100, 100)
+    (0, 0.0)
+
+    Returns the (absolute error, relative error) between the two arguments.
+    """
+    base = max(abs(actual), abs(expected))
+    abs_err = abs(actual - expected)
+    rel_err = abs_err/base if base else float('inf')
+    return (abs_err, rel_err)
+
+
+def approx_equal(x, y, tol=1e-12, rel=1e-7):
+    """approx_equal(x, y [, tol [, rel]]) => True|False
+
+    Return True if numbers x and y are approximately equal, to within some
+    margin of error, otherwise return False. Numbers which compare equal
+    will also compare approximately equal.
+
+    x is approximately equal to y if the difference between them is less than
+    an absolute error tol or a relative error rel, whichever is bigger.
+
+    If given, both tol and rel must be finite, non-negative numbers. If not
+    given, default values are tol=1e-12 and rel=1e-7.
+
+    >>> approx_equal(1.2589, 1.2587, tol=0.0003, rel=0)
+    True
+    >>> approx_equal(1.2589, 1.2587, tol=0.0001, rel=0)
+    False
+
+    Absolute error is defined as abs(x-y); if that is less than or equal to
+    tol, x and y are considered approximately equal.
+
+    Relative error is defined as abs((x-y)/x) or abs((x-y)/y), whichever is
+    smaller, provided x or y are not zero. If that figure is less than or
+    equal to rel, x and y are considered approximately equal.
+
+    Complex numbers are not directly supported. If you wish to compare to
+    complex numbers, extract their real and imaginary parts and compare them
+    individually.
+
+    NANs always compare unequal, even with themselves. Infinities compare
+    approximately equal if they have the same sign (both positive or both
+    negative). Infinities with different signs compare unequal; so do
+    comparisons of infinities with finite numbers.
+    """
+    if tol < 0 or rel < 0:
+        raise ValueError('error tolerances must be non-negative')
+    # NANs are never equal to anything, approximately or otherwise.
+    if math.isnan(x) or math.isnan(y):
+        return False
+    # Numbers which compare equal also compare approximately equal.
+    if x == y:
+        # This includes the case of two infinities with the same sign.
+        return True
+    if math.isinf(x) or math.isinf(y):
+        # This includes the case of two infinities of opposite sign, or
+        # one infinity and one finite number.
+        return False
+    # Two finite numbers.
+    actual_error = abs(x - y)
+    allowed_error = max(tol, rel*max(abs(x), abs(y)))
+    return actual_error <= allowed_error
+
+
+# This class exists only as somewhere to stick a docstring containing
+# doctests. The following docstring and tests were originally in a separate
+# module. Now that it has been merged in here, I need somewhere to hang the.
+# docstring. Ultimately, this class will die, and the information below will
+# either become redundant, or be moved into more appropriate places.
+class _DoNothing:
+    """
+    When doing numeric work, especially with floats, exact equality is often
+    not what you want. Due to round-off error, it is often a bad idea to try
+    to compare floats with equality. Instead the usual procedure is to test
+    them with some (hopefully small!) allowance for error.
+
+    The ``approx_equal`` function allows you to specify either an absolute
+    error tolerance, or a relative error, or both.
+
+    Absolute error tolerances are simple, but you need to know the magnitude
+    of the quantities being compared:
+
+    >>> approx_equal(12.345, 12.346, tol=1e-3)
+    True
+    >>> approx_equal(12.345e6, 12.346e6, tol=1e-3)  # tol is too small.
+    False
+
+    Relative errors are more suitable when the values you are comparing can
+    vary in magnitude:
+
+    >>> approx_equal(12.345, 12.346, rel=1e-4)
+    True
+    >>> approx_equal(12.345e6, 12.346e6, rel=1e-4)
+    True
+
+    but a naive implementation of relative error testing can run into trouble
+    around zero.
+
+    If you supply both an absolute tolerance and a relative error, the
+    comparison succeeds if either individual test succeeds:
+
+    >>> approx_equal(12.345e6, 12.346e6, tol=1e-3, rel=1e-4)
+    True
+
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+
+# We prefer this for testing numeric values that may not be exactly equal,
+# and avoid using TestCase.assertAlmostEqual, because it sucks :-)
+
+class NumericTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Unit test class for numeric work.
+
+    This subclasses TestCase. In addition to the standard method
+    ``TestCase.assertAlmostEqual``,  ``assertApproxEqual`` is provided.
+    """
+    # By default, we expect exact equality, unless overridden.
+    tol = rel = 0
+
+    def assertApproxEqual(
+            self, first, second, tol=None, rel=None, msg=None
+            ):
+        """Test passes if ``first`` and ``second`` are approximately equal.
+
+        This test passes if ``first`` and ``second`` are equal to
+        within ``tol``, an absolute error, or ``rel``, a relative error.
+
+        If either ``tol`` or ``rel`` are None or not given, they default to
+        test attributes of the same name (by default, 0).
+
+        The objects may be either numbers, or sequences of numbers. Sequences
+        are tested element-by-element.
+
+        >>> class MyTest(NumericTestCase):
+        ...     def test_number(self):
+        ...         x = 1.0/6
+        ...         y = sum([x]*6)
+        ...         self.assertApproxEqual(y, 1.0, tol=1e-15)
+        ...     def test_sequence(self):
+        ...         a = [1.001, 1.001e-10, 1.001e10]
+        ...         b = [1.0, 1e-10, 1e10]
+        ...         self.assertApproxEqual(a, b, rel=1e-3)
+        ...
+        >>> import unittest
+        >>> from io import StringIO  # Suppress test runner output.
+        >>> suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(MyTest)
+        >>> unittest.TextTestRunner(stream=StringIO()).run(suite)
+        <unittest.runner.TextTestResult run=2 errors=0 failures=0>
+
+        """
+        if tol is None:
+            tol = self.tol
+        if rel is None:
+            rel = self.rel
+        if (
+                isinstance(first, collections.Sequence) and
+                isinstance(second, collections.Sequence)
+            ):
+            check = self._check_approx_seq
+        else:
+            check = self._check_approx_num
+        check(first, second, tol, rel, msg)
+
+    def _check_approx_seq(self, first, second, tol, rel, msg):
+        if len(first) != len(second):
+            standardMsg = (
+                "sequences differ in length: %d items != %d items"
+                % (len(first), len(second))
+                )
+            msg = self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg)
+            raise self.failureException(msg)
+        for i, (a,e) in enumerate(zip(first, second)):
+            self._check_approx_num(a, e, tol, rel, msg, i)
+
+    def _check_approx_num(self, first, second, tol, rel, msg, idx=None):
+        if approx_equal(first, second, tol, rel):
+            # Test passes. Return early, we are done.
+            return None
+        # Otherwise we failed.
+        standardMsg = self._make_std_err_msg(first, second, tol, rel, idx)
+        msg = self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg)
+        raise self.failureException(msg)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_std_err_msg(first, second, tol, rel, idx):
+        # Create the standard error message for approx_equal failures.
+        assert first != second
+        template = (
+            '  %r != %r\n'
+            '  values differ by more than tol=%r and rel=%r\n'
+            '  -> absolute error = %r\n'
+            '  -> relative error = %r'
+            )
+        if idx is not None:
+            header = 'numeric sequences first differ at index %d.\n' % idx
+            template = header + template
+        # Calculate actual errors:
+        abs_err, rel_err = _calc_errors(first, second)
+        return template % (first, second, tol, rel, abs_err, rel_err)
+
+
+# ========================
+# === Test the helpers ===
+# ========================
+
+
+# --- Tests for approx_equal ---
+
+class ApproxEqualSymmetryTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test symmetry of approx_equal.
+
+    def test_relative_symmetry(self):
+        # Check that approx_equal treats relative error symmetrically.
+        # (a-b)/a is usually not equal to (a-b)/b. Ensure that this
+        # doesn't matter.
+        #
+        #   Note: the reason for this test is that an early version
+        #   of approx_equal was not symmetric. A relative error test
+        #   would pass, or fail, depending on which value was passed
+        #   as the first argument.
+        #
+        args1 = [2456, 37.8, -12.45, Decimal('2.54'), Fraction(17, 54)]
+        args2 = [2459, 37.2, -12.41, Decimal('2.59'), Fraction(15, 54)]
+        assert len(args1) == len(args2)
+        for a, b in zip(args1, args2):
+            self.do_relative_symmetry(a, b)
+
+    def do_relative_symmetry(self, a, b):
+        a, b = min(a, b), max(a, b)
+        assert a < b
+        delta = b - a  # The absolute difference between the values.
+        rel_err1, rel_err2 = abs(delta/a), abs(delta/b)
+        # Choose an error margin halfway between the two.
+        rel = (rel_err1 + rel_err2)/2
+        # Now see that values a and b compare approx equal regardless of
+        # which is given first.
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(a, b, tol=0, rel=rel))
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(b, a, tol=0, rel=rel))
+
+    def test_symmetry(self):
+        # Test that approx_equal(a, b) == approx_equal(b, a)
+        args = [-23, -2, 5, 107, 93568]
+        delta = 2
+        for a in args:
+            for type_ in (int, float, Decimal, Fraction):
+                x = type_(a)*100
+                y = x + delta
+                r = abs(delta/max(x, y))
+                # There are five cases to check:
+                # 1) actual error <= tol, <= rel
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, y, tol=delta, rel=r)
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, y, tol=delta+1, rel=2*r)
+                # 2) actual error > tol, > rel
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, y, tol=delta-1, rel=r/2)
+                # 3) actual error <= tol, > rel
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, y, tol=delta, rel=r/2)
+                # 4) actual error > tol, <= rel
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, y, tol=delta-1, rel=r)
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, y, tol=delta-1, rel=2*r)
+                # 5) exact equality test
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, x, tol=0, rel=0)
+                self.do_symmetry_test(x, y, tol=0, rel=0)
+
+    def do_symmetry_test(self, a, b, tol, rel):
+        template = "approx_equal comparisons don't match for %r"
+        flag1 = approx_equal(a, b, tol, rel)
+        flag2 = approx_equal(b, a, tol, rel)
+        self.assertEqual(flag1, flag2, template.format((a, b, tol, rel)))
+
+
+class ApproxEqualExactTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test the approx_equal function with exactly equal values.
+    # Equal values should compare as approximately equal.
+    # Test cases for exactly equal values, which should compare approx
+    # equal regardless of the error tolerances given.
+
+    def do_exactly_equal_test(self, x, tol, rel):
+        result = approx_equal(x, x, tol=tol, rel=rel)
+        self.assertTrue(result, 'equality failure for x=%r' % x)
+        result = approx_equal(-x, -x, tol=tol, rel=rel)
+        self.assertTrue(result, 'equality failure for x=%r' % -x)
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_ints(self):
+        # Test that equal int values are exactly equal.
+        for n in [42, 19740, 14974, 230, 1795, 700245, 36587]:
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(n, 0, 0)
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_floats(self):
+        # Test that equal float values are exactly equal.
+        for x in [0.42, 1.9740, 1497.4, 23.0, 179.5, 70.0245, 36.587]:
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(x, 0, 0)
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_fractions(self):
+        # Test that equal Fraction values are exactly equal.
+        F = Fraction
+        for f in [F(1, 2), F(0), F(5, 3), F(9, 7), F(35, 36), F(3, 7)]:
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(f, 0, 0)
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_decimals(self):
+        # Test that equal Decimal values are exactly equal.
+        D = Decimal
+        for d in map(D, "8.2 31.274 912.04 16.745 1.2047".split()):
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(d, 0, 0)
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_absolute(self):
+        # Test that equal values are exactly equal with an absolute error.
+        for n in [16, 1013, 1372, 1198, 971, 4]:
+            # Test as ints.
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(n, 0.01, 0)
+            # Test as floats.
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(n/10, 0.01, 0)
+            # Test as Fractions.
+            f = Fraction(n, 1234)
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(f, 0.01, 0)
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_absolute_decimals(self):
+        # Test equal Decimal values are exactly equal with an absolute error.
+        self.do_exactly_equal_test(Decimal("3.571"), Decimal("0.01"), 0)
+        self.do_exactly_equal_test(-Decimal("81.3971"), Decimal("0.01"), 0)
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_relative(self):
+        # Test that equal values are exactly equal with a relative error.
+        for x in [8347, 101.3, -7910.28, Fraction(5, 21)]:
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(x, 0, 0.01)
+        self.do_exactly_equal_test(Decimal("11.68"), 0, Decimal("0.01"))
+
+    def test_exactly_equal_both(self):
+        # Test that equal values are equal when both tol and rel are given.
+        for x in [41017, 16.742, -813.02, Fraction(3, 8)]:
+            self.do_exactly_equal_test(x, 0.1, 0.01)
+        D = Decimal
+        self.do_exactly_equal_test(D("7.2"), D("0.1"), D("0.01"))
+
+
+class ApproxEqualUnequalTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Unequal values should compare unequal with zero error tolerances.
+    # Test cases for unequal values, with exact equality test.
+
+    def do_exactly_unequal_test(self, x):
+        for a in (x, -x):
+            result = approx_equal(a, a+1, tol=0, rel=0)
+            self.assertFalse(result, 'inequality failure for x=%r' % a)
+
+    def test_exactly_unequal_ints(self):
+        # Test unequal int values are unequal with zero error tolerance.
+        for n in [951, 572305, 478, 917, 17240]:
+            self.do_exactly_unequal_test(n)
+
+    def test_exactly_unequal_floats(self):
+        # Test unequal float values are unequal with zero error tolerance.
+        for x in [9.51, 5723.05, 47.8, 9.17, 17.24]:
+            self.do_exactly_unequal_test(x)
+
+    def test_exactly_unequal_fractions(self):
+        # Test that unequal Fractions are unequal with zero error tolerance.
+        F = Fraction
+        for f in [F(1, 5), F(7, 9), F(12, 11), F(101, 99023)]:
+            self.do_exactly_unequal_test(f)
+
+    def test_exactly_unequal_decimals(self):
+        # Test that unequal Decimals are unequal with zero error tolerance.
+        for d in map(Decimal, "3.1415 298.12 3.47 18.996 0.00245".split()):
+            self.do_exactly_unequal_test(d)
+
+
+class ApproxEqualInexactTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Inexact test cases for approx_error.
+    # Test cases when comparing two values that are not exactly equal.
+
+    # === Absolute error tests ===
+
+    def do_approx_equal_abs_test(self, x, delta):
+        template = "Test failure for x={!r}, y={!r}"
+        for y in (x + delta, x - delta):
+            msg = template.format(x, y)
+            self.assertTrue(approx_equal(x, y, tol=2*delta, rel=0), msg)
+            self.assertFalse(approx_equal(x, y, tol=delta/2, rel=0), msg)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_absolute_ints(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of ints with an absolute error.
+        for n in [-10737, -1975, -7, -2, 0, 1, 9, 37, 423, 9874, 23789110]:
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(n, 10)
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(n, 2)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_absolute_floats(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of floats with an absolute error.
+        for x in [-284.126, -97.1, -3.4, -2.15, 0.5, 1.0, 7.8, 4.23, 3817.4]:
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(x, 1.5)
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(x, 0.01)
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(x, 0.0001)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_absolute_fractions(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of Fractions with an absolute error.
+        delta = Fraction(1, 29)
+        numerators = [-84, -15, -2, -1, 0, 1, 5, 17, 23, 34, 71]
+        for f in (Fraction(n, 29) for n in numerators):
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(f, delta)
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(f, float(delta))
+
+    def test_approx_equal_absolute_decimals(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of Decimals with an absolute error.
+        delta = Decimal("0.01")
+        for d in map(Decimal, "1.0 3.5 36.08 61.79 7912.3648".split()):
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(d, delta)
+            self.do_approx_equal_abs_test(-d, delta)
+
+    def test_cross_zero(self):
+        # Test for the case of the two values having opposite signs.
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(1e-5, -1e-5, tol=1e-4, rel=0))
+
+    # === Relative error tests ===
+
+    def do_approx_equal_rel_test(self, x, delta):
+        template = "Test failure for x={!r}, y={!r}"
+        for y in (x*(1+delta), x*(1-delta)):
+            msg = template.format(x, y)
+            self.assertTrue(approx_equal(x, y, tol=0, rel=2*delta), msg)
+            self.assertFalse(approx_equal(x, y, tol=0, rel=delta/2), msg)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_relative_ints(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of ints with a relative error.
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(64, 47, tol=0, rel=0.36))
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(64, 47, tol=0, rel=0.37))
+        # ---
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(449, 512, tol=0, rel=0.125))
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(448, 512, tol=0, rel=0.125))
+        self.assertFalse(approx_equal(447, 512, tol=0, rel=0.125))
+
+    def test_approx_equal_relative_floats(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of floats with a relative error.
+        for x in [-178.34, -0.1, 0.1, 1.0, 36.97, 2847.136, 9145.074]:
+            self.do_approx_equal_rel_test(x, 0.02)
+            self.do_approx_equal_rel_test(x, 0.0001)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_relative_fractions(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of Fractions with a relative error.
+        F = Fraction
+        delta = Fraction(3, 8)
+        for f in [F(3, 84), F(17, 30), F(49, 50), F(92, 85)]:
+            for d in (delta, float(delta)):
+                self.do_approx_equal_rel_test(f, d)
+                self.do_approx_equal_rel_test(-f, d)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_relative_decimals(self):
+        # Test approximate equality of Decimals with a relative error.
+        for d in map(Decimal, "0.02 1.0 5.7 13.67 94.138 91027.9321".split()):
+            self.do_approx_equal_rel_test(d, Decimal("0.001"))
+            self.do_approx_equal_rel_test(-d, Decimal("0.05"))
+
+    # === Both absolute and relative error tests ===
+
+    # There are four cases to consider:
+    #   1) actual error <= both absolute and relative error
+    #   2) actual error <= absolute error but > relative error
+    #   3) actual error <= relative error but > absolute error
+    #   4) actual error > both absolute and relative error
+
+    def do_check_both(self, a, b, tol, rel, tol_flag, rel_flag):
+        check = self.assertTrue if tol_flag else self.assertFalse
+        check(approx_equal(a, b, tol=tol, rel=0))
+        check = self.assertTrue if rel_flag else self.assertFalse
+        check(approx_equal(a, b, tol=0, rel=rel))
+        check = self.assertTrue if (tol_flag or rel_flag) else self.assertFalse
+        check(approx_equal(a, b, tol=tol, rel=rel))
+
+    def test_approx_equal_both1(self):
+        # Test actual error <= both absolute and relative error.
+        self.do_check_both(7.955, 7.952, 0.004, 3.8e-4, True, True)
+        self.do_check_both(-7.387, -7.386, 0.002, 0.0002, True, True)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_both2(self):
+        # Test actual error <= absolute error but > relative error.
+        self.do_check_both(7.955, 7.952, 0.004, 3.7e-4, True, False)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_both3(self):
+        # Test actual error <= relative error but > absolute error.
+        self.do_check_both(7.955, 7.952, 0.001, 3.8e-4, False, True)
+
+    def test_approx_equal_both4(self):
+        # Test actual error > both absolute and relative error.
+        self.do_check_both(2.78, 2.75, 0.01, 0.001, False, False)
+        self.do_check_both(971.44, 971.47, 0.02, 3e-5, False, False)
+
+
+class ApproxEqualSpecialsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test approx_equal with NANs and INFs and zeroes.
+
+    def test_inf(self):
+        for type_ in (float, Decimal):
+            inf = type_('inf')
+            self.assertTrue(approx_equal(inf, inf))
+            self.assertTrue(approx_equal(inf, inf, 0, 0))
+            self.assertTrue(approx_equal(inf, inf, 1, 0.01))
+            self.assertTrue(approx_equal(-inf, -inf))
+            self.assertFalse(approx_equal(inf, -inf))
+            self.assertFalse(approx_equal(inf, 1000))
+
+    def test_nan(self):
+        for type_ in (float, Decimal):
+            nan = type_('nan')
+            for other in (nan, type_('inf'), 1000):
+                self.assertFalse(approx_equal(nan, other))
+
+    def test_float_zeroes(self):
+        nzero = math.copysign(0.0, -1)
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(nzero, 0.0, tol=0.1, rel=0.1))
+
+    def test_decimal_zeroes(self):
+        nzero = Decimal("-0.0")
+        self.assertTrue(approx_equal(nzero, Decimal(0), tol=0.1, rel=0.1))
+
+
+class TestApproxEqualErrors(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test error conditions of approx_equal.
+
+    def test_bad_tol(self):
+        # Test negative tol raises.
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, approx_equal, 100, 100, -1, 0.1)
+
+    def test_bad_rel(self):
+        # Test negative rel raises.
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, approx_equal, 100, 100, 1, -0.1)
+
+
+# --- Tests for NumericTestCase ---
+
+# The formatting routine that generates the error messages is complex enough
+# that it too needs testing.
+
+class TestNumericTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    # The exact wording of NumericTestCase error messages is *not* guaranteed,
+    # but we need to give them some sort of test to ensure that they are
+    # generated correctly. As a compromise, we look for specific substrings
+    # that are expected to be found even if the overall error message changes.
+
+    def do_test(self, args):
+        actual_msg = NumericTestCase._make_std_err_msg(*args)
+        expected = self.generate_substrings(*args)
+        for substring in expected:
+            self.assertIn(substring, actual_msg)
+
+    def test_numerictestcase_is_testcase(self):
+        # Ensure that NumericTestCase actually is a TestCase.
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(NumericTestCase, unittest.TestCase))
+
+    def test_error_msg_numeric(self):
+        # Test the error message generated for numeric comparisons.
+        args = (2.5, 4.0, 0.5, 0.25, None)
+        self.do_test(args)
+
+    def test_error_msg_sequence(self):
+        # Test the error message generated for sequence comparisons.
+        args = (3.75, 8.25, 1.25, 0.5, 7)
+        self.do_test(args)
+
+    def generate_substrings(self, first, second, tol, rel, idx):
+        """Return substrings we expect to see in error messages."""
+        abs_err, rel_err = _calc_errors(first, second)
+        substrings = [
+                'tol=%r' % tol,
+                'rel=%r' % rel,
+                'absolute error = %r' % abs_err,
+                'relative error = %r' % rel_err,
+                ]
+        if idx is not None:
+            substrings.append('differ at index %d' % idx)
+        return substrings
+
+
+# =======================================
+# === Tests for the statistics module ===
+# =======================================
+
+
+class GlobalsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    module = statistics
+    expected_metadata = ["__doc__", "__all__"]
+
+    def test_meta(self):
+        # Test for the existence of metadata.
+        for meta in self.expected_metadata:
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.module, meta),
+                            "%s not present" % meta)
+
+    def test_check_all(self):
+        # Check everything in __all__ exists and is public.
+        module = self.module
+        for name in module.__all__:
+            # No private names in __all__:
+            self.assertFalse(name.startswith("_"),
+                             'private name "%s" in __all__' % name)
+            # And anything in __all__ must exist:
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, name),
+                            'missing name "%s" in __all__' % name)
+
+
+class DocTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -OO and above")
+    def test_doc_tests(self):
+        failed, tried = doctest.testmod(statistics)
+        self.assertGreater(tried, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(failed, 0)
+
+class StatisticsErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_has_exception(self):
+        errmsg = (
+                "Expected StatisticsError to be a ValueError, but got a"
+                " subclass of %r instead."
+                )
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(statistics, 'StatisticsError'))
+        self.assertTrue(
+                issubclass(statistics.StatisticsError, ValueError),
+                errmsg % statistics.StatisticsError.__base__
+                )
+
+
+# === Tests for private utility functions ===
+
+class ExactRatioTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test _exact_ratio utility.
+
+    def test_int(self):
+        for i in (-20, -3, 0, 5, 99, 10**20):
+            self.assertEqual(statistics._exact_ratio(i), (i, 1))
+
+    def test_fraction(self):
+        numerators = (-5, 1, 12, 38)
+        for n in numerators:
+            f = Fraction(n, 37)
+            self.assertEqual(statistics._exact_ratio(f), (n, 37))
+
+    def test_float(self):
+        self.assertEqual(statistics._exact_ratio(0.125), (1, 8))
+        self.assertEqual(statistics._exact_ratio(1.125), (9, 8))
+        data = [random.uniform(-100, 100) for _ in range(100)]
+        for x in data:
+            num, den = statistics._exact_ratio(x)
+            self.assertEqual(x, num/den)
+
+    def test_decimal(self):
+        D = Decimal
+        _exact_ratio = statistics._exact_ratio
+        self.assertEqual(_exact_ratio(D("0.125")), (125, 1000))
+        self.assertEqual(_exact_ratio(D("12.345")), (12345, 1000))
+        self.assertEqual(_exact_ratio(D("-1.98")), (-198, 100))
+
+
+class DecimalToRatioTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test _decimal_to_ratio private function.
+
+    def testSpecialsRaise(self):
+        # Test that NANs and INFs raise ValueError.
+        # Non-special values are covered by _exact_ratio above.
+        for d in (Decimal('NAN'), Decimal('sNAN'), Decimal('INF')):
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, statistics._decimal_to_ratio, d)
+
+    def test_sign(self):
+        # Test sign is calculated correctly.
+        numbers = [Decimal("9.8765e12"), Decimal("9.8765e-12")]
+        for d in numbers:
+            # First test positive decimals.
+            assert d > 0
+            num, den = statistics._decimal_to_ratio(d)
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(num, 0)
+            self.assertGreater(den, 0)
+            # Then test negative decimals.
+            num, den = statistics._decimal_to_ratio(-d)
+            self.assertLessEqual(num, 0)
+            self.assertGreater(den, 0)
+
+    def test_negative_exponent(self):
+        # Test result when the exponent is negative.
+        t = statistics._decimal_to_ratio(Decimal("0.1234"))
+        self.assertEqual(t, (1234, 10000))
+
+    def test_positive_exponent(self):
+        # Test results when the exponent is positive.
+        t = statistics._decimal_to_ratio(Decimal("1.234e7"))
+        self.assertEqual(t, (12340000, 1))
+
+    def test_regression_20536(self):
+        # Regression test for issue 20536.
+        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue20536
+        t = statistics._decimal_to_ratio(Decimal("1e2"))
+        self.assertEqual(t, (100, 1))
+        t = statistics._decimal_to_ratio(Decimal("1.47e5"))
+        self.assertEqual(t, (147000, 1))
+
+
+class CheckTypeTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test _check_type private function.
+
+    def test_allowed(self):
+        # Test that a type which should be allowed is allowed.
+        allowed = set([int, float])
+        statistics._check_type(int, allowed)
+        statistics._check_type(float, allowed)
+
+    def test_not_allowed(self):
+        # Test that a type which should not be allowed raises.
+        allowed = set([int, float])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, statistics._check_type, Decimal, allowed)
+
+    def test_add_to_allowed(self):
+        # Test that a second type will be added to the allowed set.
+        allowed = set([int])
+        statistics._check_type(float, allowed)
+        self.assertEqual(allowed, set([int, float]))
+
+
+# === Tests for public functions ===
+
+class UnivariateCommonMixin:
+    # Common tests for most univariate functions that take a data argument.
+
+    def test_no_args(self):
+        # Fail if given no arguments.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func)
+
+    def test_empty_data(self):
+        # Fail when the data argument (first argument) is empty.
+        for empty in ([], (), iter([])):
+            self.assertRaises(statistics.StatisticsError, self.func, empty)
+
+    def prepare_data(self):
+        """Return int data for various tests."""
+        data = list(range(10))
+        while data == sorted(data):
+            random.shuffle(data)
+        return data
+
+    def test_no_inplace_modifications(self):
+        # Test that the function does not modify its input data.
+        data = self.prepare_data()
+        assert len(data) != 1  # Necessary to avoid infinite loop.
+        assert data != sorted(data)
+        saved = data[:]
+        assert data is not saved
+        _ = self.func(data)
+        self.assertListEqual(data, saved, "data has been modified")
+
+    def test_order_doesnt_matter(self):
+        # Test that the order of data points doesn't change the result.
+
+        # CAUTION: due to floating point rounding errors, the result actually
+        # may depend on the order. Consider this test representing an ideal.
+        # To avoid this test failing, only test with exact values such as ints
+        # or Fractions.
+        data = [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6]*100
+        expected = self.func(data)
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        actual = self.func(data)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_type_of_data_collection(self):
+        # Test that the type of iterable data doesn't effect the result.
+        class MyList(list):
+            pass
+        class MyTuple(tuple):
+            pass
+        def generator(data):
+            return (obj for obj in data)
+        data = self.prepare_data()
+        expected = self.func(data)
+        for kind in (list, tuple, iter, MyList, MyTuple, generator):
+            result = self.func(kind(data))
+            self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+
+    def test_range_data(self):
+        # Test that functions work with range objects.
+        data = range(20, 50, 3)
+        expected = self.func(list(data))
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), expected)
+
+    def test_bad_arg_types(self):
+        # Test that function raises when given data of the wrong type.
+
+        # Don't roll the following into a loop like this:
+        #   for bad in list_of_bad:
+        #       self.check_for_type_error(bad)
+        #
+        # Since assertRaises doesn't show the arguments that caused the test
+        # failure, it is very difficult to debug these test failures when the
+        # following are in a loop.
+        self.check_for_type_error(None)
+        self.check_for_type_error(23)
+        self.check_for_type_error(42.0)
+        self.check_for_type_error(object())
+
+    def check_for_type_error(self, *args):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, *args)
+
+    def test_type_of_data_element(self):
+        # Check the type of data elements doesn't affect the numeric result.
+        # This is a weaker test than UnivariateTypeMixin.testTypesConserved,
+        # because it checks the numeric result by equality, but not by type.
+        class MyFloat(float):
+            def __truediv__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(super().__truediv__(other))
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(super().__add__(other))
+            __radd__ = __add__
+
+        raw = self.prepare_data()
+        expected = self.func(raw)
+        for kind in (float, MyFloat, Decimal, Fraction):
+            data = [kind(x) for x in raw]
+            result = type(expected)(self.func(data))
+            self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+
+
+class UnivariateTypeMixin:
+    """Mixin class for type-conserving functions.
+
+    This mixin class holds test(s) for functions which conserve the type of
+    individual data points. E.g. the mean of a list of Fractions should itself
+    be a Fraction.
+
+    Not all tests to do with types need go in this class. Only those that
+    rely on the function returning the same type as its input data.
+    """
+    def test_types_conserved(self):
+        # Test that functions keeps the same type as their data points.
+        # (Excludes mixed data types.) This only tests the type of the return
+        # result, not the value.
+        class MyFloat(float):
+            def __truediv__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(super().__truediv__(other))
+            def __sub__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(super().__sub__(other))
+            def __rsub__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(super().__rsub__(other))
+            def __pow__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(super().__pow__(other))
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(super().__add__(other))
+            __radd__ = __add__
+
+        data = self.prepare_data()
+        for kind in (float, Decimal, Fraction, MyFloat):
+            d = [kind(x) for x in data]
+            result = self.func(d)
+            self.assertIs(type(result), kind)
+
+
+class TestSum(NumericTestCase, UnivariateCommonMixin, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    # Test cases for statistics._sum() function.
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics._sum
+
+    def test_empty_data(self):
+        # Override test for empty data.
+        for data in ([], (), iter([])):
+            self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(self.func(data, 23), 23)
+            self.assertEqual(self.func(data, 2.3), 2.3)
+
+    def test_ints(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.func([1, 5, 3, -4, -8, 20, 42, 1]), 60)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func([4, 2, 3, -8, 7], 1000), 1008)
+
+    def test_floats(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.func([0.25]*20), 5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func([0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75], 1.5), 3.125)
+
+    def test_fractions(self):
+        F = Fraction
+        self.assertEqual(self.func([Fraction(1, 1000)]*500), Fraction(1, 2))
+
+    def test_decimals(self):
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D("0.001"), D("5.246"), D("1.702"), D("-0.025"),
+                D("3.974"), D("2.328"), D("4.617"), D("2.843"),
+                ]
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), Decimal("20.686"))
+
+    def test_compare_with_math_fsum(self):
+        # Compare with the math.fsum function.
+        # Ideally we ought to get the exact same result, but sometimes
+        # we differ by a very slight amount :-(
+        data = [random.uniform(-100, 1000) for _ in range(1000)]
+        self.assertApproxEqual(self.func(data), math.fsum(data), rel=2e-16)
+
+    def test_start_argument(self):
+        # Test that the optional start argument works correctly.
+        data = [random.uniform(1, 1000) for _ in range(100)]
+        t = self.func(data)
+        self.assertEqual(t+42, self.func(data, 42))
+        self.assertEqual(t-23, self.func(data, -23))
+        self.assertEqual(t+1e20, self.func(data, 1e20))
+
+    def test_strings_fail(self):
+        # Sum of strings should fail.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2, 3], '999')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2, 3, '999'])
+
+    def test_bytes_fail(self):
+        # Sum of bytes should fail.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2, 3], b'999')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2, 3, b'999'])
+
+    def test_mixed_sum(self):
+        # Mixed input types are not (currently) allowed.
+        # Check that mixed data types fail.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2.0, Fraction(1, 2)])
+        # And so does mixed start argument.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2.0], Decimal(1))
+
+
+class SumTortureTest(NumericTestCase):
+    def test_torture(self):
+        # Tim Peters' torture test for sum, and variants of same.
+        self.assertEqual(statistics._sum([1, 1e100, 1, -1e100]*10000), 20000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(statistics._sum([1e100, 1, 1, -1e100]*10000), 20000.0)
+        self.assertApproxEqual(
+            statistics._sum([1e-100, 1, 1e-100, -1]*10000), 2.0e-96, rel=5e-16
+            )
+
+
+class SumSpecialValues(NumericTestCase):
+    # Test that sum works correctly with IEEE-754 special values.
+
+    def test_nan(self):
+        for type_ in (float, Decimal):
+            nan = type_('nan')
+            result = statistics._sum([1, nan, 2])
+            self.assertIs(type(result), type_)
+            self.assertTrue(math.isnan(result))
+
+    def check_infinity(self, x, inf):
+        """Check x is an infinity of the same type and sign as inf."""
+        self.assertTrue(math.isinf(x))
+        self.assertIs(type(x), type(inf))
+        self.assertEqual(x > 0, inf > 0)
+        assert x == inf
+
+    def do_test_inf(self, inf):
+        # Adding a single infinity gives infinity.
+        result = statistics._sum([1, 2, inf, 3])
+        self.check_infinity(result, inf)
+        # Adding two infinities of the same sign also gives infinity.
+        result = statistics._sum([1, 2, inf, 3, inf, 4])
+        self.check_infinity(result, inf)
+
+    def test_float_inf(self):
+        inf = float('inf')
+        for sign in (+1, -1):
+            self.do_test_inf(sign*inf)
+
+    def test_decimal_inf(self):
+        inf = Decimal('inf')
+        for sign in (+1, -1):
+            self.do_test_inf(sign*inf)
+
+    def test_float_mismatched_infs(self):
+        # Test that adding two infinities of opposite sign gives a NAN.
+        inf = float('inf')
+        result = statistics._sum([1, 2, inf, 3, -inf, 4])
+        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(result))
+
+    def test_decimal_mismatched_infs_to_nan(self):
+        # Test adding Decimal INFs with opposite sign returns NAN.
+        inf = Decimal('inf')
+        data = [1, 2, inf, 3, -inf, 4]
+        with decimal.localcontext(decimal.ExtendedContext):
+            self.assertTrue(math.isnan(statistics._sum(data)))
+
+    def test_decimal_mismatched_infs_to_nan(self):
+        # Test adding Decimal INFs with opposite sign raises InvalidOperation.
+        inf = Decimal('inf')
+        data = [1, 2, inf, 3, -inf, 4]
+        with decimal.localcontext(decimal.BasicContext):
+            self.assertRaises(decimal.InvalidOperation, statistics._sum, data)
+
+    def test_decimal_snan_raises(self):
+        # Adding sNAN should raise InvalidOperation.
+        sNAN = Decimal('sNAN')
+        data = [1, sNAN, 2]
+        self.assertRaises(decimal.InvalidOperation, statistics._sum, data)
+
+
+# === Tests for averages ===
+
+class AverageMixin(UnivariateCommonMixin):
+    # Mixin class holding common tests for averages.
+
+    def test_single_value(self):
+        # Average of a single value is the value itself.
+        for x in (23, 42.5, 1.3e15, Fraction(15, 19), Decimal('0.28')):
+            self.assertEqual(self.func([x]), x)
+
+    def test_repeated_single_value(self):
+        # The average of a single repeated value is the value itself.
+        for x in (3.5, 17, 2.5e15, Fraction(61, 67), Decimal('4.9712')):
+            for count in (2, 5, 10, 20):
+                data = [x]*count
+                self.assertEqual(self.func(data), x)
+
+
+class TestMean(NumericTestCase, AverageMixin, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.mean
+
+    def test_torture_pep(self):
+        # "Torture Test" from PEP-450.
+        self.assertEqual(self.func([1e100, 1, 3, -1e100]), 1)
+
+    def test_ints(self):
+        # Test mean with ints.
+        data = [0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9]
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 4.8125)
+
+    def test_floats(self):
+        # Test mean with floats.
+        data = [17.25, 19.75, 20.0, 21.5, 21.75, 23.25, 25.125, 27.5]
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 22.015625)
+
+    def test_decimals(self):
+        # Test mean with ints.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D("1.634"), D("2.517"), D("3.912"), D("4.072"), D("5.813")]
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), D("3.5896"))
+
+    def test_fractions(self):
+        # Test mean with Fractions.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(1, 2), F(2, 3), F(3, 4), F(4, 5), F(5, 6), F(6, 7), F(7, 8)]
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), F(1479, 1960))
+
+    def test_inf(self):
+        # Test mean with infinities.
+        raw = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]  # Use only ints, to avoid TypeError later.
+        for kind in (float, Decimal):
+            for sign in (1, -1):
+                inf = kind("inf")*sign
+                data = raw + [inf]
+                result = self.func(data)
+                self.assertTrue(math.isinf(result))
+                self.assertEqual(result, inf)
+
+    def test_mismatched_infs(self):
+        # Test mean with infinities of opposite sign.
+        data = [2, 4, 6, float('inf'), 1, 3, 5, float('-inf')]
+        result = self.func(data)
+        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(result))
+
+    def test_nan(self):
+        # Test mean with NANs.
+        raw = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]  # Use only ints, to avoid TypeError later.
+        for kind in (float, Decimal):
+            inf = kind("nan")
+            data = raw + [inf]
+            result = self.func(data)
+            self.assertTrue(math.isnan(result))
+
+    def test_big_data(self):
+        # Test adding a large constant to every data point.
+        c = 1e9
+        data = [3.4, 4.5, 4.9, 6.7, 6.8, 7.2, 8.0, 8.1, 9.4]
+        expected = self.func(data) + c
+        assert expected != c
+        result = self.func([x+c for x in data])
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+
+    def test_doubled_data(self):
+        # Mean of [a,b,c...z] should be same as for [a,a,b,b,c,c...z,z].
+        data = [random.uniform(-3, 5) for _ in range(1000)]
+        expected = self.func(data)
+        actual = self.func(data*2)
+        self.assertApproxEqual(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_regression_20561(self):
+        # Regression test for issue 20561.
+        # See http://bugs.python.org/issue20561
+        d = Decimal('1e4')
+        self.assertEqual(statistics.mean([d]), d)
+
+
+class TestMedian(NumericTestCase, AverageMixin):
+    # Common tests for median and all median.* functions.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.median
+
+    def prepare_data(self):
+        """Overload method from UnivariateCommonMixin."""
+        data = super().prepare_data()
+        if len(data)%2 != 1:
+            data.append(2)
+        return data
+
+    def test_even_ints(self):
+        # Test median with an even number of int data points.
+        data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 3.5)
+
+    def test_odd_ints(self):
+        # Test median with an odd number of int data points.
+        data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 4)
+
+    def test_odd_fractions(self):
+        # Test median works with an odd number of Fractions.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(1, 7), F(2, 7), F(3, 7), F(4, 7), F(5, 7)]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), F(3, 7))
+
+    def test_even_fractions(self):
+        # Test median works with an even number of Fractions.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(1, 7), F(2, 7), F(3, 7), F(4, 7), F(5, 7), F(6, 7)]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), F(1, 2))
+
+    def test_odd_decimals(self):
+        # Test median works with an odd number of Decimals.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D('2.5'), D('3.1'), D('4.2'), D('5.7'), D('5.8')]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), D('4.2'))
+
+    def test_even_decimals(self):
+        # Test median works with an even number of Decimals.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D('1.2'), D('2.5'), D('3.1'), D('4.2'), D('5.7'), D('5.8')]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), D('3.65'))
+
+
+class TestMedianDataType(NumericTestCase, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    # Test conservation of data element type for median.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.median
+
+    def prepare_data(self):
+        data = list(range(15))
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        while data == sorted(data):
+            random.shuffle(data)
+        return data
+
+
+class TestMedianLow(TestMedian, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.median_low
+
+    def test_even_ints(self):
+        # Test median_low with an even number of ints.
+        data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 3)
+
+    def test_even_fractions(self):
+        # Test median_low works with an even number of Fractions.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(1, 7), F(2, 7), F(3, 7), F(4, 7), F(5, 7), F(6, 7)]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), F(3, 7))
+
+    def test_even_decimals(self):
+        # Test median_low works with an even number of Decimals.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D('1.1'), D('2.2'), D('3.3'), D('4.4'), D('5.5'), D('6.6')]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), D('3.3'))
+
+
+class TestMedianHigh(TestMedian, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.median_high
+
+    def test_even_ints(self):
+        # Test median_high with an even number of ints.
+        data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 4)
+
+    def test_even_fractions(self):
+        # Test median_high works with an even number of Fractions.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(1, 7), F(2, 7), F(3, 7), F(4, 7), F(5, 7), F(6, 7)]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), F(4, 7))
+
+    def test_even_decimals(self):
+        # Test median_high works with an even number of Decimals.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D('1.1'), D('2.2'), D('3.3'), D('4.4'), D('5.5'), D('6.6')]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), D('4.4'))
+
+
+class TestMedianGrouped(TestMedian):
+    # Test median_grouped.
+    # Doesn't conserve data element types, so don't use TestMedianType.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.median_grouped
+
+    def test_odd_number_repeated(self):
+        # Test median.grouped with repeated median values.
+        data = [12, 13, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 14)
+        #---
+        data = [12, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 13.875)
+        #---
+        data = [5, 10, 10, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20, 25, 25, 30]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data, 5), 19.375)
+        #---
+        data = [16, 18, 18, 18, 18, 20, 20, 20, 22, 22, 22, 24, 24, 26, 28]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        self.assertApproxEqual(self.func(data, 2), 20.66666667, tol=1e-8)
+
+    def test_even_number_repeated(self):
+        # Test median.grouped with repeated median values.
+        data = [5, 10, 10, 15, 20, 20, 20, 25, 25, 30]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        self.assertApproxEqual(self.func(data, 5), 19.16666667, tol=1e-8)
+        #---
+        data = [2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        self.assertApproxEqual(self.func(data), 3.83333333, tol=1e-8)
+        #---
+        data = [2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 4.5)
+        #---
+        data = [3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 4.75)
+
+    def test_repeated_single_value(self):
+        # Override method from AverageMixin.
+        # Yet again, failure of median_grouped to conserve the data type
+        # causes me headaches :-(
+        for x in (5.3, 68, 4.3e17, Fraction(29, 101), Decimal('32.9714')):
+            for count in (2, 5, 10, 20):
+                data = [x]*count
+                self.assertEqual(self.func(data), float(x))
+
+    def test_odd_fractions(self):
+        # Test median_grouped works with an odd number of Fractions.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(5, 4), F(9, 4), F(13, 4), F(13, 4), F(17, 4)]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 3.0)
+
+    def test_even_fractions(self):
+        # Test median_grouped works with an even number of Fractions.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(5, 4), F(9, 4), F(13, 4), F(13, 4), F(17, 4), F(17, 4)]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 3.25)
+
+    def test_odd_decimals(self):
+        # Test median_grouped works with an odd number of Decimals.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D('5.5'), D('6.5'), D('6.5'), D('7.5'), D('8.5')]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 1
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 6.75)
+
+    def test_even_decimals(self):
+        # Test median_grouped works with an even number of Decimals.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D('5.5'), D('5.5'), D('6.5'), D('6.5'), D('7.5'), D('8.5')]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 6.5)
+        #---
+        data = [D('5.5'), D('5.5'), D('6.5'), D('7.5'), D('7.5'), D('8.5')]
+        assert len(data)%2 == 0
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 7.0)
+
+    def test_interval(self):
+        # Test median_grouped with interval argument.
+        data = [2.25, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 2.75, 3.0, 3.0, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75]
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data, 0.25), 2.875)
+        data = [2.25, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 2.75, 2.75, 3.0, 3.0, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75]
+        self.assertApproxEqual(self.func(data, 0.25), 2.83333333, tol=1e-8)
+        data = [220, 220, 240, 260, 260, 260, 260, 280, 280, 300, 320, 340]
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data, 20), 265.0)
+
+
+class TestMode(NumericTestCase, AverageMixin, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    # Test cases for the discrete version of mode.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.mode
+
+    def prepare_data(self):
+        """Overload method from UnivariateCommonMixin."""
+        # Make sure test data has exactly one mode.
+        return [1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 0, 8, 2]
+
+    def test_range_data(self):
+        # Override test from UnivariateCommonMixin.
+        data = range(20, 50, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(statistics.StatisticsError, self.func, data)
+
+    def test_nominal_data(self):
+        # Test mode with nominal data.
+        data = 'abcbdb'
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 'b')
+        data = 'fe fi fo fum fi fi'.split()
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 'fi')
+
+    def test_discrete_data(self):
+        # Test mode with discrete numeric data.
+        data = list(range(10))
+        for i in range(10):
+            d = data + [i]
+            random.shuffle(d)
+            self.assertEqual(self.func(d), i)
+
+    def test_bimodal_data(self):
+        # Test mode with bimodal data.
+        data = [1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9]
+        assert data.count(2) == data.count(6) == 4
+        # Check for an exception.
+        self.assertRaises(statistics.StatisticsError, self.func, data)
+
+    def test_unique_data_failure(self):
+        # Test mode exception when data points are all unique.
+        data = list(range(10))
+        self.assertRaises(statistics.StatisticsError, self.func, data)
+
+    def test_none_data(self):
+        # Test that mode raises TypeError if given None as data.
+
+        # This test is necessary because the implementation of mode uses
+        # collections.Counter, which accepts None and returns an empty dict.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, None)
+
+    def test_counter_data(self):
+        # Test that a Counter is treated like any other iterable.
+        data = collections.Counter([1, 1, 1, 2])
+        # Since the keys of the counter are treated as data points, not the
+        # counts, this should raise.
+        self.assertRaises(statistics.StatisticsError, self.func, data)
+
+
+
+# === Tests for variances and standard deviations ===
+
+class VarianceStdevMixin(UnivariateCommonMixin):
+    # Mixin class holding common tests for variance and std dev.
+
+    # Subclasses should inherit from this before NumericTestClass, in order
+    # to see the rel attribute below. See testShiftData for an explanation.
+
+    rel = 1e-12
+
+    def test_single_value(self):
+        # Deviation of a single value is zero.
+        for x in (11, 19.8, 4.6e14, Fraction(21, 34), Decimal('8.392')):
+            self.assertEqual(self.func([x]), 0)
+
+    def test_repeated_single_value(self):
+        # The deviation of a single repeated value is zero.
+        for x in (7.2, 49, 8.1e15, Fraction(3, 7), Decimal('62.4802')):
+            for count in (2, 3, 5, 15):
+                data = [x]*count
+                self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 0)
+
+    def test_domain_error_regression(self):
+        # Regression test for a domain error exception.
+        # (Thanks to Geremy Condra.)
+        data = [0.123456789012345]*10000
+        # All the items are identical, so variance should be exactly zero.
+        # We allow some small round-off error, but not much.
+        result = self.func(data)
+        self.assertApproxEqual(result, 0.0, tol=5e-17)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(result, 0)  # A negative result must fail.
+
+    def test_shift_data(self):
+        # Test that shifting the data by a constant amount does not affect
+        # the variance or stdev. Or at least not much.
+
+        # Due to rounding, this test should be considered an ideal. We allow
+        # some tolerance away from "no change at all" by setting tol and/or rel
+        # attributes. Subclasses may set tighter or looser error tolerances.
+        raw = [1.03, 1.27, 1.94, 2.04, 2.58, 3.14, 4.75, 4.98, 5.42, 6.78]
+        expected = self.func(raw)
+        # Don't set shift too high, the bigger it is, the more rounding error.
+        shift = 1e5
+        data = [x + shift for x in raw]
+        self.assertApproxEqual(self.func(data), expected)
+
+    def test_shift_data_exact(self):
+        # Like test_shift_data, but result is always exact.
+        raw = [1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 16]
+        assert all(x==int(x) for x in raw)
+        expected = self.func(raw)
+        shift = 10**9
+        data = [x + shift for x in raw]
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), expected)
+
+    def test_iter_list_same(self):
+        # Test that iter data and list data give the same result.
+
+        # This is an explicit test that iterators and lists are treated the
+        # same; justification for this test over and above the similar test
+        # in UnivariateCommonMixin is that an earlier design had variance and
+        # friends swap between one- and two-pass algorithms, which would
+        # sometimes give different results.
+        data = [random.uniform(-3, 8) for _ in range(1000)]
+        expected = self.func(data)
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(iter(data)), expected)
+
+
+class TestPVariance(VarianceStdevMixin, NumericTestCase, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    # Tests for population variance.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.pvariance
+
+    def test_exact_uniform(self):
+        # Test the variance against an exact result for uniform data.
+        data = list(range(10000))
+        random.shuffle(data)
+        expected = (10000**2 - 1)/12  # Exact value.
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), expected)
+
+    def test_ints(self):
+        # Test population variance with int data.
+        data = [4, 7, 13, 16]
+        exact = 22.5
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), exact)
+
+    def test_fractions(self):
+        # Test population variance with Fraction data.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(1, 4), F(1, 4), F(3, 4), F(7, 4)]
+        exact = F(3, 8)
+        result = self.func(data)
+        self.assertEqual(result, exact)
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, Fraction)
+
+    def test_decimals(self):
+        # Test population variance with Decimal data.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D("12.1"), D("12.2"), D("12.5"), D("12.9")]
+        exact = D('0.096875')
+        result = self.func(data)
+        self.assertEqual(result, exact)
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, Decimal)
+
+
+class TestVariance(VarianceStdevMixin, NumericTestCase, UnivariateTypeMixin):
+    # Tests for sample variance.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.variance
+
+    def test_single_value(self):
+        # Override method from VarianceStdevMixin.
+        for x in (35, 24.7, 8.2e15, Fraction(19, 30), Decimal('4.2084')):
+            self.assertRaises(statistics.StatisticsError, self.func, [x])
+
+    def test_ints(self):
+        # Test sample variance with int data.
+        data = [4, 7, 13, 16]
+        exact = 30
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), exact)
+
+    def test_fractions(self):
+        # Test sample variance with Fraction data.
+        F = Fraction
+        data = [F(1, 4), F(1, 4), F(3, 4), F(7, 4)]
+        exact = F(1, 2)
+        result = self.func(data)
+        self.assertEqual(result, exact)
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, Fraction)
+
+    def test_decimals(self):
+        # Test sample variance with Decimal data.
+        D = Decimal
+        data = [D(2), D(2), D(7), D(9)]
+        exact = 4*D('9.5')/D(3)
+        result = self.func(data)
+        self.assertEqual(result, exact)
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, Decimal)
+
+
+class TestPStdev(VarianceStdevMixin, NumericTestCase):
+    # Tests for population standard deviation.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.pstdev
+
+    def test_compare_to_variance(self):
+        # Test that stdev is, in fact, the square root of variance.
+        data = [random.uniform(-17, 24) for _ in range(1000)]
+        expected = math.sqrt(statistics.pvariance(data))
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), expected)
+
+
+class TestStdev(VarianceStdevMixin, NumericTestCase):
+    # Tests for sample standard deviation.
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.func = statistics.stdev
+
+    def test_single_value(self):
+        # Override method from VarianceStdevMixin.
+        for x in (81, 203.74, 3.9e14, Fraction(5, 21), Decimal('35.719')):
+            self.assertRaises(statistics.StatisticsError, self.func, [x])
+
+    def test_compare_to_variance(self):
+        # Test that stdev is, in fact, the square root of variance.
+        data = [random.uniform(-2, 9) for _ in range(1000)]
+        expected = math.sqrt(statistics.variance(data))
+        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), expected)
+
+
+# === Run tests ===
+
+def load_tests(loader, tests, ignore):
+    """Used for doctest/unittest integration."""
+    tests.addTests(doctest.DocTestSuite())
+    return tests
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_strftime.py b/Lib/test/test_strftime.py
index 4f39cc79ac..772cd0688c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_strftime.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_strftime.py
@@ -182,15 +182,15 @@ class Y1900Tests(unittest.TestCase):
     a date before 1900 is passed with a format string containing "%y"
     """
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Only applies to Windows")
-    def test_y_before_1900_win(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            time.strftime("%y", (1899, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Doesn't apply on Windows")
-    def test_y_before_1900_nonwin(self):
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time.strftime("%y", (1899, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)), "99")
+    def test_y_before_1900(self):
+        # Issue #13674, #19634
+        t = (1899, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        if (sys.platform == "win32"
+        or sys.platform.startswith(("aix", "sunos", "solaris"))):
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                time.strftime("%y", t)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(time.strftime("%y", t), "99")
 
     def test_y_1900(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -200,8 +200,5 @@ class Y1900Tests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             time.strftime("%y", (2013, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)), "13")
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(StrftimeTest, Y1900Tests)
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_strtod.py b/Lib/test/test_strtod.py
index c5979fc989..41b6e5f833 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_strtod.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_strtod.py
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class StrtodTests(unittest.TestCase):
                     else:
                         assert False, "expected ValueError"
 
-    @test.support.bigmemtest(size=test.support._2G+10, memuse=4, dry_run=False)
+    @test.support.bigmemtest(size=test.support._2G+10, memuse=3, dry_run=False)
     def test_oversized_digit_strings(self, maxsize):
         # Input string whose length doesn't fit in an INT.
         s = "1." + "1" * maxsize
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_struct.py b/Lib/test/test_struct.py
index 50cae052f3..0107eebca6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_struct.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_struct.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections import abc
 import array
+import operator
 import unittest
 import struct
 import sys
@@ -6,7 +8,6 @@ import sys
 from test import support
 
 ISBIGENDIAN = sys.byteorder == "big"
-IS32BIT = sys.maxsize == 0x7fffffff
 
 integer_codes = 'b', 'B', 'h', 'H', 'i', 'I', 'l', 'L', 'q', 'Q', 'n', 'N'
 byteorders = '', '@', '=', '<', '>', '!'
@@ -489,7 +490,7 @@ class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_bool(self):
         class ExplodingBool(object):
             def __bool__(self):
-                raise IOError
+                raise OSError
         for prefix in tuple("<>!=")+('',):
             false = (), [], [], '', 0
             true = [1], 'test', 5, -1, 0xffffffff+1, 0xffffffff/2
@@ -520,10 +521,10 @@ class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
             try:
                 struct.pack(prefix + '?', ExplodingBool())
-            except IOError:
+            except OSError:
                 pass
             else:
-                self.fail("Expected IOError: struct.pack(%r, "
+                self.fail("Expected OSError: struct.pack(%r, "
                           "ExplodingBool())" % (prefix + '?'))
 
         for c in [b'\x01', b'\x7f', b'\xff', b'\x0f', b'\xf0']:
@@ -536,10 +537,6 @@ class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
         hugecount2 = '{}b{}H'.format(sys.maxsize//2, sys.maxsize//2)
         self.assertRaises(struct.error, struct.calcsize, hugecount2)
 
-    if IS32BIT:
-        def test_crasher(self):
-            self.assertRaises(MemoryError, struct.pack, "357913941b", "a")
-
     def test_trailing_counter(self):
         store = array.array('b', b' '*100)
 
@@ -576,7 +573,7 @@ class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # The size of 'PyStructObject'
         totalsize = support.calcobjsize('2n3P')
         # The size taken up by the 'formatcode' dynamic array
-        totalsize += struct.calcsize('P2n0P') * (number_of_codes + 1)
+        totalsize += struct.calcsize('P3n0P') * (number_of_codes + 1)
         support.check_sizeof(self, struct.Struct(format_str), totalsize)
 
     @support.cpython_only
@@ -587,14 +584,84 @@ class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.check_sizeof('B' * 1234, 1234)
         self.check_sizeof('fd', 2)
         self.check_sizeof('xxxxxxxxxxxxxx', 0)
-        self.check_sizeof('100H', 100)
+        self.check_sizeof('100H', 1)
         self.check_sizeof('187s', 1)
         self.check_sizeof('20p', 1)
         self.check_sizeof('0s', 1)
         self.check_sizeof('0c', 0)
 
+
+class UnpackIteratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for iterative unpacking (struct.Struct.iter_unpack).
+    """
+
+    def test_construct(self):
+        def _check_iterator(it):
+            self.assertIsInstance(it, abc.Iterator)
+            self.assertIsInstance(it, abc.Iterable)
+        s = struct.Struct('>ibcp')
+        it = s.iter_unpack(b"")
+        _check_iterator(it)
+        it = s.iter_unpack(b"1234567")
+        _check_iterator(it)
+        # Wrong bytes length
+        with self.assertRaises(struct.error):
+            s.iter_unpack(b"123456")
+        with self.assertRaises(struct.error):
+            s.iter_unpack(b"12345678")
+        # Zero-length struct
+        s = struct.Struct('>')
+        with self.assertRaises(struct.error):
+            s.iter_unpack(b"")
+        with self.assertRaises(struct.error):
+            s.iter_unpack(b"12")
+
+    def test_iterate(self):
+        s = struct.Struct('>IB')
+        b = bytes(range(1, 16))
+        it = s.iter_unpack(b)
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), (0x01020304, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), (0x06070809, 10))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), (0x0b0c0d0e, 15))
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+
+    def test_arbitrary_buffer(self):
+        s = struct.Struct('>IB')
+        b = bytes(range(1, 11))
+        it = s.iter_unpack(memoryview(b))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), (0x01020304, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), (0x06070809, 10))
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+
+    def test_length_hint(self):
+        lh = operator.length_hint
+        s = struct.Struct('>IB')
+        b = bytes(range(1, 16))
+        it = s.iter_unpack(b)
+        self.assertEqual(lh(it), 3)
+        next(it)
+        self.assertEqual(lh(it), 2)
+        next(it)
+        self.assertEqual(lh(it), 1)
+        next(it)
+        self.assertEqual(lh(it), 0)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertEqual(lh(it), 0)
+
+    def test_module_func(self):
+        # Sanity check for the global struct.iter_unpack()
+        it = struct.iter_unpack('>IB', bytes(range(1, 11)))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), (0x01020304, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), (0x06070809, 10))
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+
+
 def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(StructTest)
+    support.run_unittest(__name__)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_structseq.py b/Lib/test/test_structseq.py
index a89e9556c1..353d0eadcc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_structseq.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_structseq.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class StructSeqTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # os.stat() gives a complicated struct sequence.
         st = os.stat(__file__)
         rep = repr(st)
-        self.assertTrue(rep.startswith(os.name + ".stat_result"))
+        self.assertTrue(rep.startswith("os.stat_result"))
         self.assertIn("st_mode=", rep)
         self.assertIn("st_ino=", rep)
         self.assertIn("st_dev=", rep)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py b/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py
index f5a70a3873..46e012d142 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_subprocess.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import errno
 import tempfile
 import time
 import re
+import selectors
 import sysconfig
 import warnings
 import select
@@ -19,10 +20,6 @@ import gc
 import textwrap
 
 try:
-    import resource
-except ImportError:
-    resource = None
-try:
     import threading
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
@@ -162,8 +159,28 @@ class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                 stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
         self.assertIn(b'BDFL', output)
 
+    def test_check_output_stdin_arg(self):
+        # check_output() can be called with stdin set to a file
+        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
+        self.addCleanup(tf.close)
+        tf.write(b'pear')
+        tf.seek(0)
+        output = subprocess.check_output(
+                [sys.executable, "-c",
+                 "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().upper())"],
+                stdin=tf)
+        self.assertIn(b'PEAR', output)
+
+    def test_check_output_input_arg(self):
+        # check_output() can be called with input set to a string
+        output = subprocess.check_output(
+                [sys.executable, "-c",
+                 "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().upper())"],
+                input=b'pear')
+        self.assertIn(b'PEAR', output)
+
     def test_check_output_stdout_arg(self):
-        # check_output() function stderr redirected to stdout
+        # check_output() refuses to accept 'stdout' argument
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as c:
             output = subprocess.check_output(
                     [sys.executable, "-c", "print('will not be run')"],
@@ -171,6 +188,20 @@ class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
             self.fail("Expected ValueError when stdout arg supplied.")
         self.assertIn('stdout', c.exception.args[0])
 
+    def test_check_output_stdin_with_input_arg(self):
+        # check_output() refuses to accept 'stdin' with 'input'
+        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
+        self.addCleanup(tf.close)
+        tf.write(b'pear')
+        tf.seek(0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as c:
+            output = subprocess.check_output(
+                    [sys.executable, "-c", "print('will not be run')"],
+                    stdin=tf, input=b'hare')
+            self.fail("Expected ValueError when stdin and input args supplied.")
+        self.assertIn('stdin', c.exception.args[0])
+        self.assertIn('input', c.exception.args[0])
+
     def test_check_output_timeout(self):
         # check_output() function with timeout arg
         with self.assertRaises(subprocess.TimeoutExpired) as c:
@@ -853,8 +884,9 @@ class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         #
         # UTF-16 and UTF-32-BE are sufficient to check both with BOM and
         # without, and UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+        import _bootlocale
         for encoding in ['utf-16', 'utf-32-be']:
-            old_getpreferredencoding = locale.getpreferredencoding
+            old_getpreferredencoding = _bootlocale.getpreferredencoding
             # Indirectly via io.TextIOWrapper, Popen() defaults to
             # locale.getpreferredencoding(False) and earlier in Python 3.2 to
             # locale.getpreferredencoding().
@@ -865,7 +897,7 @@ class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                     encoding)
             args = [sys.executable, '-c', code]
             try:
-                locale.getpreferredencoding = getpreferredencoding
+                _bootlocale.getpreferredencoding = getpreferredencoding
                 # We set stdin to be non-None because, as of this writing,
                 # a different code path is used when the number of pipes is
                 # zero or one.
@@ -874,7 +906,7 @@ class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                 stdout, stderr = popen.communicate(input='')
             finally:
-                locale.getpreferredencoding = old_getpreferredencoding
+                _bootlocale.getpreferredencoding = old_getpreferredencoding
             self.assertEqual(stdout, '1\n2\n3\n4')
 
     def test_no_leaking(self):
@@ -982,8 +1014,7 @@ class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         # value for that limit, but Windows has 2048, so we loop
         # 1024 times (each call leaked two fds).
         for i in range(1024):
-            # Windows raises IOError.  Others raise OSError.
-            with self.assertRaises(EnvironmentError) as c:
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as c:
                 subprocess.Popen(['nonexisting_i_hope'],
                                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
@@ -1114,47 +1145,6 @@ class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         fds_after_exception = os.listdir(fd_directory)
         self.assertEqual(fds_before_popen, fds_after_exception)
 
-
-# context manager
-class _SuppressCoreFiles(object):
-    """Try to prevent core files from being created."""
-    old_limit = None
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        """Try to save previous ulimit, then set it to (0, 0)."""
-        if resource is not None:
-            try:
-                self.old_limit = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE)
-                resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE, (0, 0))
-            except (ValueError, resource.error):
-                pass
-
-        if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-            # Check if the 'Crash Reporter' on OSX was configured
-            # in 'Developer' mode and warn that it will get triggered
-            # when it is.
-            #
-            # This assumes that this context manager is used in tests
-            # that might trigger the next manager.
-            value = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/defaults', 'read',
-                    'com.apple.CrashReporter', 'DialogType'],
-                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
-            if value.strip() == b'developer':
-                print("this tests triggers the Crash Reporter, "
-                      "that is intentional", end='')
-                sys.stdout.flush()
-
-    def __exit__(self, *args):
-        """Return core file behavior to default."""
-        if self.old_limit is None:
-            return
-        if resource is not None:
-            try:
-                resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE, self.old_limit)
-            except (ValueError, resource.error):
-                pass
-
-
 @unittest.skipIf(mswindows, "POSIX specific tests")
 class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -1243,7 +1233,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
 
     def test_run_abort(self):
         # returncode handles signal termination
-        with _SuppressCoreFiles():
+        with support.SuppressCrashReport():
             p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                                   'import os; os.abort()'])
             p.wait()
@@ -1266,7 +1256,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         try:
             p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", ""],
                                  preexec_fn=raise_it)
-        except RuntimeError as e:
+        except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
             self.assertTrue(
                     subprocess._posixsubprocess,
                     "Expected a ValueError from the preexec_fn")
@@ -1306,9 +1296,10 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         """Issue16140: Don't double close pipes on preexec error."""
 
         def raise_it():
-            raise RuntimeError("force the _execute_child() errpipe_data path.")
+            raise subprocess.SubprocessError(
+                    "force the _execute_child() errpipe_data path.")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+        with self.assertRaises(subprocess.SubprocessError):
             self._TestExecuteChildPopen(
                         self, [sys.executable, "-c", "pass"],
                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -1507,16 +1498,28 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         # Terminating a dead process
         self._kill_dead_process('terminate')
 
+    def _save_fds(self, save_fds):
+        fds = []
+        for fd in save_fds:
+            inheritable = os.get_inheritable(fd)
+            saved = os.dup(fd)
+            fds.append((fd, saved, inheritable))
+        return fds
+
+    def _restore_fds(self, fds):
+        for fd, saved, inheritable in fds:
+            os.dup2(saved, fd, inheritable=inheritable)
+            os.close(saved)
+
     def check_close_std_fds(self, fds):
         # Issue #9905: test that subprocess pipes still work properly with
         # some standard fds closed
         stdin = 0
-        newfds = []
-        for a in fds:
-            b = os.dup(a)
-            newfds.append(b)
-            if a == 0:
-                stdin = b
+        saved_fds = self._save_fds(fds)
+        for fd, saved, inheritable in saved_fds:
+            if fd == 0:
+                stdin = saved
+                break
         try:
             for fd in fds:
                 os.close(fd)
@@ -1531,10 +1534,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
             err = support.strip_python_stderr(err)
             self.assertEqual((out, err), (b'apple', b'orange'))
         finally:
-            for b, a in zip(newfds, fds):
-                os.dup2(b, a)
-            for b in newfds:
-                os.close(b)
+            self._restore_fds(saved_fds)
 
     def test_close_fd_0(self):
         self.check_close_std_fds([0])
@@ -1595,7 +1595,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
             os.lseek(temp_fds[1], 0, 0)
 
             # move the standard file descriptors out of the way
-            saved_fds = [os.dup(fd) for fd in range(3)]
+            saved_fds = self._save_fds(range(3))
             try:
                 # duplicate the file objects over the standard fd's
                 for fd, temp_fd in enumerate(temp_fds):
@@ -1611,10 +1611,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                     stderr=temp_fds[0])
                 p.wait()
             finally:
-                # restore the original fd's underneath sys.stdin, etc.
-                for std, saved in enumerate(saved_fds):
-                    os.dup2(saved, std)
-                    os.close(saved)
+                self._restore_fds(saved_fds)
 
             for fd in temp_fds:
                 os.lseek(fd, 0, 0)
@@ -1638,7 +1635,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                 os.unlink(fname)
 
             # save a copy of the standard file descriptors
-            saved_fds = [os.dup(fd) for fd in range(3)]
+            saved_fds = self._save_fds(range(3))
             try:
                 # duplicate the temp files over the standard fd's 0, 1, 2
                 for fd, temp_fd in enumerate(temp_fds):
@@ -1664,9 +1661,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                 out = os.read(stdout_no, 1024)
                 err = support.strip_python_stderr(os.read(stderr_no, 1024))
             finally:
-                for std, saved in enumerate(saved_fds):
-                    os.dup2(saved, std)
-                    os.close(saved)
+                self._restore_fds(saved_fds)
 
             self.assertEqual(out, b"got STDIN")
             self.assertEqual(err, b"err")
@@ -1698,40 +1693,47 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
             # Pure Python implementations keeps the message
             self.assertIsNone(subprocess._posixsubprocess)
             self.assertEqual(str(err), "surrogate:\uDCff")
-        except RuntimeError as err:
+        except subprocess.SubprocessError as err:
             # _posixsubprocess uses a default message
             self.assertIsNotNone(subprocess._posixsubprocess)
             self.assertEqual(str(err), "Exception occurred in preexec_fn.")
         else:
-            self.fail("Expected ValueError or RuntimeError")
+            self.fail("Expected ValueError or subprocess.SubprocessError")
 
     def test_undecodable_env(self):
         for key, value in (('test', 'abc\uDCFF'), ('test\uDCFF', '42')):
+            encoded_value = value.encode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+
             # test str with surrogates
             script = "import os; print(ascii(os.getenv(%s)))" % repr(key)
             env = os.environ.copy()
             env[key] = value
-            # Use C locale to get ascii for the locale encoding to force
+            # Use C locale to get ASCII for the locale encoding to force
             # surrogate-escaping of \xFF in the child process; otherwise it can
             # be decoded as-is if the default locale is latin-1.
             env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
+            if sys.platform.startswith("aix"):
+                # On AIX, the C locale uses the Latin1 encoding
+                decoded_value = encoded_value.decode("latin1", "surrogateescape")
+            else:
+                # On other UNIXes, the C locale uses the ASCII encoding
+                decoded_value = value
             stdout = subprocess.check_output(
                 [sys.executable, "-c", script],
                 env=env)
             stdout = stdout.rstrip(b'\n\r')
-            self.assertEqual(stdout.decode('ascii'), ascii(value))
+            self.assertEqual(stdout.decode('ascii'), ascii(decoded_value))
 
             # test bytes
             key = key.encode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
-            value = value.encode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
             script = "import os; print(ascii(os.getenvb(%s)))" % repr(key)
             env = os.environ.copy()
-            env[key] = value
+            env[key] = encoded_value
             stdout = subprocess.check_output(
                 [sys.executable, "-c", script],
                 env=env)
             stdout = stdout.rstrip(b'\n\r')
-            self.assertEqual(stdout.decode('ascii'), ascii(value))
+            self.assertEqual(stdout.decode('ascii'), ascii(encoded_value))
 
     def test_bytes_program(self):
         abs_program = os.fsencode(sys.executable)
@@ -1837,6 +1839,9 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
             self.addCleanup(os.close, fd)
             open_fds.add(fd)
 
+        for fd in open_fds:
+            os.set_inheritable(fd, True)
+
         p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, fd_status],
                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=False)
         output, ignored = p.communicate()
@@ -1881,6 +1886,8 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
             fds = os.pipe()
             self.addCleanup(os.close, fds[0])
             self.addCleanup(os.close, fds[1])
+            os.set_inheritable(fds[0], True)
+            os.set_inheritable(fds[1], True)
             open_fds.update(fds)
 
         for fd in open_fds:
@@ -1903,6 +1910,32 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
                         close_fds=False, pass_fds=(fd, )))
             self.assertIn('overriding close_fds', str(context.warning))
 
+    def test_pass_fds_inheritable(self):
+        script = support.findfile("fd_status.py", subdir="subprocessdata")
+
+        inheritable, non_inheritable = os.pipe()
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, inheritable)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, non_inheritable)
+        os.set_inheritable(inheritable, True)
+        os.set_inheritable(non_inheritable, False)
+        pass_fds = (inheritable, non_inheritable)
+        args = [sys.executable, script]
+        args += list(map(str, pass_fds))
+
+        p = subprocess.Popen(args,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True,
+                             pass_fds=pass_fds)
+        output, ignored = p.communicate()
+        fds = set(map(int, output.split(b',')))
+
+        # the inheritable file descriptor must be inherited, so its inheritable
+        # flag must be set in the child process after fork() and before exec()
+        self.assertEqual(fds, set(pass_fds), "output=%a" % output)
+
+        # inheritable flag must not be changed in the parent process
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(inheritable), True)
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(non_inheritable), False)
+
     def test_stdout_stdin_are_single_inout_fd(self):
         with io.open(os.devnull, "r+") as inout:
             p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", "import sys; sys.exit(0)"],
@@ -1990,7 +2023,7 @@ class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         # let some time for the process to exit, and create a new Popen: this
         # should trigger the wait() of p
         time.sleep(0.2)
-        with self.assertRaises(EnvironmentError) as c:
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as c:
             with subprocess.Popen(['nonexisting_i_hope'],
                                   stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                   stderr=subprocess.PIPE) as proc:
@@ -2175,15 +2208,16 @@ class CommandTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 os.rmdir(dir)
 
 
-@unittest.skipUnless(getattr(subprocess, '_has_poll', False),
-                     "poll system call not supported")
+@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(selectors, 'PollSelector'),
+                     "Test needs selectors.PollSelector")
 class ProcessTestCaseNoPoll(ProcessTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
-        subprocess._has_poll = False
+        self.orig_selector = subprocess._PopenSelector
+        subprocess._PopenSelector = selectors.SelectSelector
         ProcessTestCase.setUp(self)
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        subprocess._has_poll = True
+        subprocess._PopenSelector = self.orig_selector
         ProcessTestCase.tearDown(self)
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sunau.py b/Lib/test/test_sunau.py
index 1655317c07..0f4134e982 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sunau.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sunau.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from test.support import TESTFN
 import unittest
 from test import audiotests
+from audioop import byteswap
 import sys
 import sunau
 
@@ -46,6 +47,31 @@ class SunauPCM16Test(SunauTest, unittest.TestCase):
       """)
 
 
+class SunauPCM24Test(SunauTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    sndfilename = 'pluck-pcm24.au'
+    sndfilenframes = 3307
+    nchannels = 2
+    sampwidth = 3
+    framerate = 11025
+    nframes = 48
+    comptype = 'NONE'
+    compname = 'not compressed'
+    frames = bytes.fromhex("""\
+      022D65FFEB9D 4B5A0F00FA54 3113C304EE2B 80DCD6084303 \
+      CBDEC006B261 48A99803F2F8 BFE82401B07D 036BFBFE7B5D \
+      B85756FA3EC9 B4B055F3502B 299830EBCB62 1A5CA7E6D99A \
+      EDFA3EE491BD C625EBE27884 0E05A9E0B6CF EF2929E02922 \
+      5758D8E27067 FB3557E83E16 1377BFEF8402 D82C5BF7272A \
+      978F16FB7745 F5F865FC1013 086635FB9C4E DF30FCFB40EE \
+      117FE0FA3438 3EE6B8FB5AC3 BC77A3FCB2F4 66D6DAFF5F32 \
+      CF13B9041275 431D69097A8C C1BB600EC74E 5120B912A2BA \
+      EEDF641754C0 8207001664B7 7FFFFF14453F 8000001294E6 \
+      499C1B0EB3B2 52B73E0DBCA0 EFB2B20F5FD8 CE3CDB0FBE12 \
+      E4B49C0CEA2D 6344A80A5A7C 08C8FE0A1FFE 2BB9860B0A0E \
+      51486F0E44E1 8BCC64113B05 B6F4EC0EEB36 4413170A5B48 \
+      """)
+
+
 class SunauPCM32Test(SunauTest, unittest.TestCase):
     sndfilename = 'pluck-pcm32.au'
     sndfilenframes = 3307
@@ -89,7 +115,7 @@ class SunauULAWTest(SunauTest, unittest.TestCase):
       E5040CBC 617C0A3C 08BC0A3C 2C7C0B3C 517C0E3C 8A8410FC B6840EBC 457C0A3C \
       """)
     if sys.byteorder != 'big':
-        frames = audiotests.byteswap2(frames)
+        frames = byteswap(frames, 2)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sundry.py b/Lib/test/test_sundry.py
index 8808c47edd..e99ca9ed37 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sundry.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sundry.py
@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
 """Do a minimal test of all the modules that aren't otherwise tested."""
-
-from test import support
+import importlib
 import sys
+from test import support
 import unittest
 
 class TestUntestedModules(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_at_least_import_untested_modules(self):
+    def test_untested_modules_can_be_imported(self):
+        untested = ('bdb', 'encodings', 'formatter',
+                    'nturl2path', 'tabnanny')
         with support.check_warnings(quiet=True):
-            import bdb
-            import cgitb
+            for name in untested:
+                try:
+                    support.import_module('test.test_{}'.format(name))
+                except unittest.SkipTest:
+                    importlib.import_module(name)
+                else:
+                    self.fail('{} has tests even though test_sundry claims '
+                              'otherwise'.format(name))
 
             import distutils.bcppcompiler
             import distutils.ccompiler
             import distutils.cygwinccompiler
-            import distutils.emxccompiler
             import distutils.filelist
             if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
                 import distutils.msvccompiler
@@ -39,26 +46,14 @@ class TestUntestedModules(unittest.TestCase):
             import distutils.command.sdist
             import distutils.command.upload
 
-            import encodings
-            import formatter
             import html.entities
-            import keyword
-            import mailcap
-            import nturl2path
-            import os2emxpath
-            import pstats
-            import py_compile
-            import sndhdr
-            import tabnanny
+
             try:
-                import tty     # not available on Windows
+                import tty  # Not available on Windows
             except ImportError:
                 if support.verbose:
                     print("skipping tty")
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(TestUntestedModules)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_super.py b/Lib/test/test_super.py
index 1e272ee2cf..37fc2d9134 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_super.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_super.py
@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ class G(A):
 
 class TestSuper(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # This fixes the damage that test_various___class___pathologies does.
+        nonlocal __class__
+        __class__ = TestSuper
+
     def test_basics_working(self):
         self.assertEqual(D().f(), 'ABCD')
 
@@ -81,8 +86,7 @@ class TestSuper(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(E().f(), 'AE')
 
-    @unittest.expectedFailure
-    def test___class___set(self):
+    def test_various___class___pathologies(self):
         # See issue #12370
         class X(A):
             def f(self):
@@ -91,6 +95,31 @@ class TestSuper(unittest.TestCase):
         x = X()
         self.assertEqual(x.f(), 'A')
         self.assertEqual(x.__class__, 413)
+        class X:
+            x = __class__
+            def f():
+                __class__
+        self.assertIs(X.x, type(self))
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as e:
+            exec("""class X:
+                __class__
+                def f():
+                    __class__""", globals(), {})
+        self.assertIs(type(e.exception), NameError) # Not UnboundLocalError
+        class X:
+            global __class__
+            __class__ = 42
+            def f():
+                __class__
+        self.assertEqual(globals()["__class__"], 42)
+        del globals()["__class__"]
+        self.assertNotIn("__class__", X.__dict__)
+        class X:
+            nonlocal __class__
+            __class__ = 42
+            def f():
+                __class__
+        self.assertEqual(__class__, 42)
 
     def test___class___instancemethod(self):
         # See issue #14857
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_support.py b/Lib/test/test_support.py
index 5913044877..70e63968f2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_support.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_support.py
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ class TestSupport(unittest.TestCase):
     # args_from_interpreter_flags
     # can_symlink
     # skip_unless_symlink
+    # SuppressCrashReport
 
 
 def test_main():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
index 5926b69c93..a9d3628819 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ SyntaxError: invalid syntax
 
 >>> None = 1
 Traceback (most recent call last):
-SyntaxError: assignment to keyword
+SyntaxError: can't assign to keyword
 
 It's a syntax error to assign to the empty tuple.  Why isn't it an
 error to assign to the empty list?  It will always raise some error at
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ Traceback (most recent call last):
 SyntaxError: can't assign to generator expression
 >>> None += 1
 Traceback (most recent call last):
-SyntaxError: assignment to keyword
+SyntaxError: can't assign to keyword
 >>> f() += 1
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 SyntaxError: can't assign to function call
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sys.py b/Lib/test/test_sys.py
index f768e9b7c3..5a9699ff20 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sys.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sys.py
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ import textwrap
 import warnings
 import operator
 import codecs
+import gc
+import sysconfig
+import platform
 
 # count the number of test runs, used to create unique
 # strings to intern in test_intern()
@@ -227,7 +230,7 @@ class SysModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
             sys.setrecursionlimit(%d)
             f()""")
-        with test.support.suppress_crash_popup():
+        with test.support.SuppressCrashReport():
             for i in (50, 1000):
                 sub = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, '-c', code % i],
                     stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
@@ -408,7 +411,7 @@ class SysModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(type(sys.int_info.sizeof_digit), int)
         self.assertIsInstance(sys.hexversion, int)
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(sys.hash_info), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(len(sys.hash_info), 9)
         self.assertLess(sys.hash_info.modulus, 2**sys.hash_info.width)
         # sys.hash_info.modulus should be a prime; we do a quick
         # probable primality test (doesn't exclude the possibility of
@@ -423,6 +426,22 @@ class SysModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(sys.hash_info.inf, int)
         self.assertIsInstance(sys.hash_info.nan, int)
         self.assertIsInstance(sys.hash_info.imag, int)
+        algo = sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_HASH_ALGORITHM")
+        if sys.hash_info.algorithm in {"fnv", "siphash24"}:
+            self.assertIn(sys.hash_info.hash_bits, {32, 64})
+            self.assertIn(sys.hash_info.seed_bits, {32, 64, 128})
+
+            if algo == 1:
+                self.assertEqual(sys.hash_info.algorithm, "siphash24")
+            elif algo == 2:
+                self.assertEqual(sys.hash_info.algorithm, "fnv")
+            else:
+                self.assertIn(sys.hash_info.algorithm, {"fnv", "siphash24"})
+        else:
+            # PY_HASH_EXTERNAL
+            self.assertEqual(algo, 0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(sys.hash_info.cutoff, 0)
+        self.assertLess(sys.hash_info.cutoff, 8)
 
         self.assertIsInstance(sys.maxsize, int)
         self.assertIsInstance(sys.maxunicode, int)
@@ -460,7 +479,7 @@ class SysModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_thread_info(self):
         info = sys.thread_info
         self.assertEqual(len(info), 3)
-        self.assertIn(info.name, ('nt', 'os2', 'pthread', 'solaris', None))
+        self.assertIn(info.name, ('nt', 'pthread', 'solaris', None))
         self.assertIn(info.lock, ('semaphore', 'mutex+cond', None))
 
     def test_43581(self):
@@ -493,7 +512,7 @@ class SysModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         attrs = ("debug",
                  "inspect", "interactive", "optimize", "dont_write_bytecode",
                  "no_user_site", "no_site", "ignore_environment", "verbose",
-                 "bytes_warning", "quiet", "hash_randomization")
+                 "bytes_warning", "quiet", "hash_randomization", "isolated")
         for attr in attrs:
             self.assertTrue(hasattr(sys.flags, attr), attr)
             self.assertEqual(type(getattr(sys.flags, attr)), int, attr)
@@ -522,6 +541,42 @@ class SysModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         out = p.communicate()[0].strip()
         self.assertEqual(out, b'?')
 
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "ascii"
+        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", 'print(chr(0xa2))'],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             env=env)
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        self.assertIn(b'UnicodeEncodeError:', err)
+        self.assertIn(rb"'\xa2'", err)
+
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "ascii:"
+        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", 'print(chr(0xa2))'],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             env=env)
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        self.assertIn(b'UnicodeEncodeError:', err)
+        self.assertIn(rb"'\xa2'", err)
+
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = ":surrogateescape"
+        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", 'print(chr(0xdcbd))'],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
+        out = p.communicate()[0].strip()
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'\xbd')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(test.support.FS_NONASCII,
+                         'requires OS support of non-ASCII encodings')
+    def test_ioencoding_nonascii(self):
+        env = dict(os.environ)
+
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = ""
+        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
+                                'print(%a)' % test.support.FS_NONASCII],
+                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
+        out = p.communicate()[0].strip()
+        self.assertEqual(out, os.fsencode(test.support.FS_NONASCII))
+
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.base_prefix != sys.prefix,
                      'Test is not venv-compatible')
     def test_executable(self):
@@ -589,6 +644,39 @@ class SysModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
         ret, out, err = assert_python_ok(*args)
         self.assertIn(b"free PyDictObjects", err)
 
+        # The function has no parameter
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sys._debugmallocstats, True)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(sys, "getallocatedblocks"),
+                         "sys.getallocatedblocks unavailable on this build")
+    def test_getallocatedblocks(self):
+        # Some sanity checks
+        with_pymalloc = sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_PYMALLOC')
+        a = sys.getallocatedblocks()
+        self.assertIs(type(a), int)
+        if with_pymalloc:
+            self.assertGreater(a, 0)
+        else:
+            # When WITH_PYMALLOC isn't available, we don't know anything
+            # about the underlying implementation: the function might
+            # return 0 or something greater.
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(a, 0)
+        try:
+            # While we could imagine a Python session where the number of
+            # multiple buffer objects would exceed the sharing of references,
+            # it is unlikely to happen in a normal test run.
+            self.assertLess(a, sys.gettotalrefcount())
+        except AttributeError:
+            # gettotalrefcount() not available
+            pass
+        gc.collect()
+        b = sys.getallocatedblocks()
+        self.assertLessEqual(b, a)
+        gc.collect()
+        c = sys.getallocatedblocks()
+        self.assertIn(c, range(b - 50, b + 50))
+
+
 @test.support.cpython_only
 class SizeofTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -634,7 +722,7 @@ class SizeofTest(unittest.TestCase):
         samples = [b'', b'u'*100000]
         for sample in samples:
             x = bytearray(sample)
-            check(x, vsize('inP') + x.__alloc__())
+            check(x, vsize('n2Pi') + x.__alloc__())
         # bytearray_iterator
         check(iter(bytearray()), size('nP'))
         # cell
@@ -713,7 +801,7 @@ class SizeofTest(unittest.TestCase):
         nfrees = len(x.f_code.co_freevars)
         extras = x.f_code.co_stacksize + x.f_code.co_nlocals +\
                   ncells + nfrees - 1
-        check(x, vsize('12P3i' + CO_MAXBLOCKS*'3i' + 'P' + extras*'P'))
+        check(x, vsize('12P3ic' + CO_MAXBLOCKS*'3i' + 'P' + extras*'P'))
         # function
         def func(): pass
         check(func, size('12P'))
@@ -759,7 +847,7 @@ class SizeofTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # memoryview
         check(memoryview(b''), size('Pnin 2P2n2i5P 3cPn'))
         # module
-        check(unittest, size('PnP'))
+        check(unittest, size('PnPPP'))
         # None
         check(None, size(''))
         # NotImplementedType
@@ -813,11 +901,11 @@ class SizeofTest(unittest.TestCase):
         check((1,2,3), vsize('') + 3*self.P)
         # type
         # static type: PyTypeObject
-        s = vsize('P2n15Pl4Pn9Pn11PI')
+        s = vsize('P2n15Pl4Pn9Pn11PIP')
         check(int, s)
         # (PyTypeObject + PyNumberMethods + PyMappingMethods +
         #  PySequenceMethods + PyBufferProcs + 4P)
-        s = vsize('P2n15Pl4Pn9Pn11PI') + struct.calcsize('34P 3P 10P 2P 4P')
+        s = vsize('P2n15Pl4Pn9Pn11PIP') + struct.calcsize('34P 3P 10P 2P 4P')
         # Separate block for PyDictKeysObject with 4 entries
         s += struct.calcsize("2nPn") + 4*struct.calcsize("n2P")
         # class
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
index 03f67fd476..804c446716 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import subprocess
 import shutil
 from copy import copy
 
-from test.support import (run_unittest, TESTFN, unlink,
+from test.support import (run_unittest, TESTFN, unlink, check_warnings,
                           captured_stdout, skip_unless_symlink)
 
 import sysconfig
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class TestSysConfig(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(config_h), config_h)
 
     def test_get_scheme_names(self):
-        wanted = ('nt', 'nt_user', 'os2', 'os2_home', 'osx_framework_user',
+        wanted = ('nt', 'nt_user', 'osx_framework_user',
                   'posix_home', 'posix_prefix', 'posix_user')
         self.assertEqual(get_scheme_names(), wanted)
 
@@ -305,14 +305,13 @@ class TestSysConfig(unittest.TestCase):
         if 'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET' in env:
             del env['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET']
 
-        with open('/dev/null', 'w') as devnull_fp:
-            p = subprocess.Popen([
-                    sys.executable, '-c',
-                    'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_platform())',
-                ],
-                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                stderr=devnull_fp,
-                env=env)
+        p = subprocess.Popen([
+                sys.executable, '-c',
+                'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_platform())',
+            ],
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            env=env)
         test_platform = p.communicate()[0].strip()
         test_platform = test_platform.decode('utf-8')
         status = p.wait()
@@ -325,20 +324,19 @@ class TestSysConfig(unittest.TestCase):
         env = os.environ.copy()
         env['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET'] = '10.1'
 
-        with open('/dev/null') as dev_null:
-            p = subprocess.Popen([
-                    sys.executable, '-c',
-                    'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_platform())',
-                ],
-                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                stderr=dev_null,
-                env=env)
-            test_platform = p.communicate()[0].strip()
-            test_platform = test_platform.decode('utf-8')
-            status = p.wait()
-
-            self.assertEqual(status, 0)
-            self.assertEqual(my_platform, test_platform)
+        p = subprocess.Popen([
+                sys.executable, '-c',
+                'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_platform())',
+            ],
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            env=env)
+        test_platform = p.communicate()[0].strip()
+        test_platform = test_platform.decode('utf-8')
+        status = p.wait()
+
+        self.assertEqual(status, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(my_platform, test_platform)
 
     def test_srcdir(self):
         # See Issues #15322, #15364.
@@ -371,6 +369,26 @@ class TestSysConfig(unittest.TestCase):
             os.chdir(cwd)
         self.assertEqual(srcdir, srcdir2)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX') is None,
+                     'EXT_SUFFIX required for this test')
+    def test_SO_deprecation(self):
+        self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning,
+                         sysconfig.get_config_var, 'SO')
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX') is None,
+                     'EXT_SUFFIX required for this test')
+    def test_SO_value(self):
+        with check_warnings(('', DeprecationWarning)):
+            self.assertEqual(sysconfig.get_config_var('SO'),
+                             sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX'))
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX') is None,
+                     'EXT_SUFFIX required for this test')
+    def test_SO_in_vars(self):
+        vars = sysconfig.get_config_vars()
+        self.assertIsNotNone(vars['SO'])
+        self.assertEqual(vars['SO'], vars['EXT_SUFFIX'])
+
 
 class MakefileTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_syslog.py b/Lib/test/test_syslog.py
index 4e7621e5ec..b7fd2bdabb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_syslog.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_syslog.py
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ class Test(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_log_upto(self):
         syslog.LOG_UPTO(syslog.LOG_INFO)
 
+    def test_openlog_noargs(self):
+        syslog.openlog()
+        syslog.syslog('test message from python test_syslog')
+
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(__name__)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
index 68fe60801d..92f8bfe920 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from hashlib import md5
 import unittest
 import tarfile
 
-from test import support
+from test import support, script_helper
 
 # Check for our compression modules.
 try:
@@ -27,11 +27,13 @@ def md5sum(data):
     return md5(data).hexdigest()
 
 TEMPDIR = os.path.abspath(support.TESTFN) + "-tardir"
+tarextdir = TEMPDIR + '-extract-test'
 tarname = support.findfile("testtar.tar")
 gzipname = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, "testtar.tar.gz")
 bz2name = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, "testtar.tar.bz2")
 xzname = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, "testtar.tar.xz")
 tmpname = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, "tmp.tar")
+dotlessname = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, "testtar")
 
 md5_regtype = "65f477c818ad9e15f7feab0c6d37742f"
 md5_sparse = "a54fbc4ca4f4399a90e1b27164012fc6"
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ class ListTest(ReadTest, unittest.TestCase):
         # ?rw-r--r-- tarfile/tarfile     7011 2003-01-06 07:19:43 ustar/conttype
         # ?rw-r--r-- tarfile/tarfile     7011 2003-01-06 07:19:43 ustar/regtype
         # ...
-        self.assertRegex(out, (br'-rw-r--r-- tarfile/tarfile\s+7011 '
+        self.assertRegex(out, (br'\?rw-r--r-- tarfile/tarfile\s+7011 '
                                br'\d{4}-\d\d-\d\d\s+\d\d:\d\d:\d\d '
                                br'ustar/\w+type ?\r?\n') * 2)
         # Make sure it prints the source of link with verbose flag
@@ -319,12 +321,7 @@ class CommonReadTest(ReadTest):
     def test_non_existent_tarfile(self):
         # Test for issue11513: prevent non-existent gzipped tarfiles raising
         # multiple exceptions.
-        test = 'xxx'
-        if sys.platform == 'win32' and '|' in self.mode:
-            # Issue #20384: On Windows os.open() error message doesn't
-            # contain file name.
-            test = ''
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(FileNotFoundError, test):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(FileNotFoundError, "xxx"):
             tarfile.open("xxx", self.mode)
 
     def test_null_tarfile(self):
@@ -1847,6 +1844,171 @@ class MiscTest(unittest.TestCase):
             tarfile.itn(0x10000000000, 6, tarfile.GNU_FORMAT)
 
 
+class CommandLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def tarfilecmd(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_ok('-m', 'tarfile', *args,
+                                                      **kwargs)
+        return out.replace(os.linesep.encode(), b'\n')
+
+    def tarfilecmd_failure(self, *args):
+        return script_helper.assert_python_failure('-m', 'tarfile', *args)
+
+    def make_simple_tarfile(self, tar_name):
+        files = [support.findfile('tokenize_tests.txt'),
+                 support.findfile('tokenize_tests-no-coding-cookie-'
+                                  'and-utf8-bom-sig-only.txt')]
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, tar_name)
+        with tarfile.open(tar_name, 'w') as tf:
+            for tardata in files:
+                tf.add(tardata, arcname=os.path.basename(tardata))
+
+    def test_test_command(self):
+        for tar_name in testtarnames:
+            for opt in '-t', '--test':
+                out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, tar_name)
+                self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+
+    def test_test_command_verbose(self):
+        for tar_name in testtarnames:
+            for opt in '-v', '--verbose':
+                out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, '-t', tar_name)
+                self.assertIn(b'is a tar archive.\n', out)
+
+    def test_test_command_invalid_file(self):
+        zipname = support.findfile('zipdir.zip')
+        rc, out, err = self.tarfilecmd_failure('-t', zipname)
+        self.assertIn(b' is not a tar archive.', err)
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 1)
+
+        for tar_name in testtarnames:
+            with self.subTest(tar_name=tar_name):
+                with open(tar_name, 'rb') as f:
+                    data = f.read()
+                try:
+                    with open(tmpname, 'wb') as f:
+                        f.write(data[:511])
+                    rc, out, err = self.tarfilecmd_failure('-t', tmpname)
+                    self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+                    self.assertEqual(rc, 1)
+                finally:
+                    support.unlink(tmpname)
+
+    def test_list_command(self):
+        for tar_name in testtarnames:
+            with support.captured_stdout() as t:
+                with tarfile.open(tar_name, 'r') as tf:
+                    tf.list(verbose=False)
+            expected = t.getvalue().encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')
+            for opt in '-l', '--list':
+                out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, tar_name,
+                                      PYTHONIOENCODING='ascii')
+                self.assertEqual(out, expected)
+
+    def test_list_command_verbose(self):
+        for tar_name in testtarnames:
+            with support.captured_stdout() as t:
+                with tarfile.open(tar_name, 'r') as tf:
+                    tf.list(verbose=True)
+            expected = t.getvalue().encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')
+            for opt in '-v', '--verbose':
+                out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, '-l', tar_name,
+                                      PYTHONIOENCODING='ascii')
+                self.assertEqual(out, expected)
+
+    def test_list_command_invalid_file(self):
+        zipname = support.findfile('zipdir.zip')
+        rc, out, err = self.tarfilecmd_failure('-l', zipname)
+        self.assertIn(b' is not a tar archive.', err)
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 1)
+
+    def test_create_command(self):
+        files = [support.findfile('tokenize_tests.txt'),
+                 support.findfile('tokenize_tests-no-coding-cookie-'
+                                  'and-utf8-bom-sig-only.txt')]
+        for opt in '-c', '--create':
+            try:
+                out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, tmpname, *files)
+                self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+                with tarfile.open(tmpname) as tar:
+                    tar.getmembers()
+            finally:
+                support.unlink(tmpname)
+
+    def test_create_command_verbose(self):
+        files = [support.findfile('tokenize_tests.txt'),
+                 support.findfile('tokenize_tests-no-coding-cookie-'
+                                  'and-utf8-bom-sig-only.txt')]
+        for opt in '-v', '--verbose':
+            try:
+                out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, '-c', tmpname, *files)
+                self.assertIn(b' file created.', out)
+                with tarfile.open(tmpname) as tar:
+                    tar.getmembers()
+            finally:
+                support.unlink(tmpname)
+
+    def test_create_command_dotless_filename(self):
+        files = [support.findfile('tokenize_tests.txt')]
+        try:
+            out = self.tarfilecmd('-c', dotlessname, *files)
+            self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+            with tarfile.open(dotlessname) as tar:
+                tar.getmembers()
+        finally:
+            support.unlink(dotlessname)
+
+    def test_create_command_dot_started_filename(self):
+        tar_name = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, ".testtar")
+        files = [support.findfile('tokenize_tests.txt')]
+        try:
+            out = self.tarfilecmd('-c', tar_name, *files)
+            self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+            with tarfile.open(tar_name) as tar:
+                tar.getmembers()
+        finally:
+            support.unlink(tar_name)
+
+    def test_extract_command(self):
+        self.make_simple_tarfile(tmpname)
+        for opt in '-e', '--extract':
+            try:
+                with support.temp_cwd(tarextdir):
+                    out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, tmpname)
+                self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+            finally:
+                support.rmtree(tarextdir)
+
+    def test_extract_command_verbose(self):
+        self.make_simple_tarfile(tmpname)
+        for opt in '-v', '--verbose':
+            try:
+                with support.temp_cwd(tarextdir):
+                    out = self.tarfilecmd(opt, '-e', tmpname)
+                self.assertIn(b' file is extracted.', out)
+            finally:
+                support.rmtree(tarextdir)
+
+    def test_extract_command_different_directory(self):
+        self.make_simple_tarfile(tmpname)
+        try:
+            with support.temp_cwd(tarextdir):
+                out = self.tarfilecmd('-e', tmpname, 'spamdir')
+            self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        finally:
+            support.rmtree(tarextdir)
+
+    def test_extract_command_invalid_file(self):
+        zipname = support.findfile('zipdir.zip')
+        with support.temp_cwd(tarextdir):
+            rc, out, err = self.tarfilecmd_failure('-e', zipname)
+        self.assertIn(b' is not a tar archive.', err)
+        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 1)
+
+
 class ContextManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_basic(self):
@@ -1855,20 +2017,20 @@ class ContextManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(tar.closed, "context manager failed")
 
     def test_closed(self):
-        # The __enter__() method is supposed to raise IOError
+        # The __enter__() method is supposed to raise OSError
         # if the TarFile object is already closed.
         tar = tarfile.open(tarname)
         tar.close()
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
             with tar:
                 pass
 
     def test_exception(self):
-        # Test if the IOError exception is passed through properly.
+        # Test if the OSError exception is passed through properly.
         with self.assertRaises(Exception) as exc:
             with tarfile.open(tarname) as tar:
-                raise IOError
-        self.assertIsInstance(exc.exception, IOError,
+                raise OSError
+        self.assertIsInstance(exc.exception, OSError,
                               "wrong exception raised in context manager")
         self.assertTrue(tar.closed, "context manager failed")
 
@@ -1974,6 +2136,8 @@ def setUpModule():
     support.unlink(TEMPDIR)
     os.makedirs(TEMPDIR)
 
+    global testtarnames
+    testtarnames = [tarname]
     with open(tarname, "rb") as fobj:
         data = fobj.read()
 
@@ -1981,6 +2145,7 @@ def setUpModule():
     for c in GzipTest, Bz2Test, LzmaTest:
         if c.open:
             support.unlink(c.tarname)
+            testtarnames.append(c.tarname)
             with c.open(c.tarname, "wb") as tar:
                 tar.write(data)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tcl.py b/Lib/test/test_tcl.py
index 5226ee676e..d12fb22484 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tcl.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tcl.py
@@ -504,40 +504,6 @@ class TclTest(unittest.TestCase):
         for arg, res in testcases:
             self.assertEqual(split(arg), res, msg=arg)
 
-    def test_merge(self):
-        with support.check_warnings(('merge is deprecated',
-                                     DeprecationWarning)):
-            merge = self.interp.tk.merge
-            call = self.interp.tk.call
-            testcases = [
-                ((), ''),
-                (('a',), 'a'),
-                ((2,), '2'),
-                (('',), '{}'),
-                ('{', '\\{'),
-                (('a', 'b', 'c'), 'a b c'),
-                ((' ', '\t', '\r', '\n'), '{ } {\t} {\r} {\n}'),
-                (('a', ' ', 'c'), 'a { } c'),
-                (('a', '€'), 'a €'),
-                (('a', '\U000104a2'), 'a \U000104a2'),
-                (('a', b'\xe2\x82\xac'), 'a €'),
-                (('a', ('b', 'c')), 'a {b c}'),
-                (('a', 2), 'a 2'),
-                (('a', 3.4), 'a 3.4'),
-                (('a', (2, 3.4)), 'a {2 3.4}'),
-                ((), ''),
-                ((call('list', 1, '2', (3.4,)),), '{1 2 3.4}'),
-            ]
-            if tcl_version >= (8, 5):
-                testcases += [
-                    ((call('dict', 'create', 12, '\u20ac', b'\xe2\x82\xac', (3.4,)),),
-                     '{12 € € 3.4}'),
-                ]
-            for args, res in testcases:
-                self.assertEqual(merge(*args), res, msg=args)
-            self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, merge, b'\x80')
-            self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, merge, '\udc80')
-
 
 class BigmemTclTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_telnetlib.py b/Lib/test/test_telnetlib.py
index c9f2ccb462..ee1c35705b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_telnetlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_telnetlib.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import socket
-import select
+import selectors
 import telnetlib
 import time
 import contextlib
 
-import unittest
 from unittest import TestCase
 from test import support
 threading = support.import_module('threading')
@@ -112,40 +111,37 @@ class TelnetAlike(telnetlib.Telnet):
         self._messages += out.getvalue()
         return
 
-def mock_select(*s_args):
-    block = False
-    for l in s_args:
-        for fob in l:
-            if isinstance(fob, TelnetAlike):
-                block = fob.sock.block
-    if block:
-        return [[], [], []]
-    else:
-        return s_args
-
-class MockPoller(object):
-    test_case = None  # Set during TestCase setUp.
+class MockSelector(selectors.BaseSelector):
 
     def __init__(self):
-        self._file_objs = []
+        self.keys = {}
+
+    @property
+    def resolution(self):
+        return 1e-3
+
+    def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
+        key = selectors.SelectorKey(fileobj, 0, events, data)
+        self.keys[fileobj] = key
+        return key
 
-    def register(self, fd, eventmask):
-        self.test_case.assertTrue(hasattr(fd, 'fileno'), fd)
-        self.test_case.assertEqual(eventmask, select.POLLIN|select.POLLPRI)
-        self._file_objs.append(fd)
+    def unregister(self, fileobj):
+        return self.keys.pop(fileobj)
 
-    def poll(self, timeout=None):
+    def select(self, timeout=None):
         block = False
-        for fob in self._file_objs:
-            if isinstance(fob, TelnetAlike):
-                block = fob.sock.block
+        for fileobj in self.keys:
+            if isinstance(fileobj, TelnetAlike):
+                block = fileobj.sock.block
+                break
         if block:
             return []
         else:
-            return zip(self._file_objs, [select.POLLIN]*len(self._file_objs))
+            return [(key, key.events) for key in self.keys.values()]
+
+    def get_map(self):
+        return self.keys
 
-    def unregister(self, fd):
-        self._file_objs.remove(fd)
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def test_socket(reads):
@@ -159,7 +155,7 @@ def test_socket(reads):
         socket.create_connection = old_conn
     return
 
-def test_telnet(reads=(), cls=TelnetAlike, use_poll=None):
+def test_telnet(reads=(), cls=TelnetAlike):
     ''' return a telnetlib.Telnet object that uses a SocketStub with
         reads queued up to be read '''
     for x in reads:
@@ -167,29 +163,14 @@ def test_telnet(reads=(), cls=TelnetAlike, use_poll=None):
     with test_socket(reads):
         telnet = cls('dummy', 0)
         telnet._messages = '' # debuglevel output
-        if use_poll is not None:
-            if use_poll and not telnet._has_poll:
-                raise unittest.SkipTest('select.poll() required.')
-            telnet._has_poll = use_poll
     return telnet
 
-
 class ExpectAndReadTestCase(TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
-        self.old_select = select.select
-        select.select = mock_select
-        self.old_poll = False
-        if hasattr(select, 'poll'):
-            self.old_poll = select.poll
-            select.poll = MockPoller
-            MockPoller.test_case = self
-
+        self.old_selector = telnetlib._TelnetSelector
+        telnetlib._TelnetSelector = MockSelector
     def tearDown(self):
-        if self.old_poll:
-            MockPoller.test_case = None
-            select.poll = self.old_poll
-        select.select = self.old_select
-
+        telnetlib._TelnetSelector = self.old_selector
 
 class ReadTests(ExpectAndReadTestCase):
     def test_read_until(self):
@@ -208,22 +189,6 @@ class ReadTests(ExpectAndReadTestCase):
         data = telnet.read_until(b'match')
         self.assertEqual(data, expect)
 
-    def test_read_until_with_poll(self):
-        """Use select.poll() to implement telnet.read_until()."""
-        want = [b'x' * 10, b'match', b'y' * 10]
-        telnet = test_telnet(want, use_poll=True)
-        select.select = lambda *_: self.fail('unexpected select() call.')
-        data = telnet.read_until(b'match')
-        self.assertEqual(data, b''.join(want[:-1]))
-
-    def test_read_until_with_select(self):
-        """Use select.select() to implement telnet.read_until()."""
-        want = [b'x' * 10, b'match', b'y' * 10]
-        telnet = test_telnet(want, use_poll=False)
-        if self.old_poll:
-            select.poll = lambda *_: self.fail('unexpected poll() call.')
-        data = telnet.read_until(b'match')
-        self.assertEqual(data, b''.join(want[:-1]))
 
     def test_read_all(self):
         """
@@ -427,23 +392,6 @@ class ExpectTests(ExpectAndReadTestCase):
         (_,_,data) = telnet.expect([b'match'])
         self.assertEqual(data, b''.join(want[:-1]))
 
-    def test_expect_with_poll(self):
-        """Use select.poll() to implement telnet.expect()."""
-        want = [b'x' * 10, b'match', b'y' * 10]
-        telnet = test_telnet(want, use_poll=True)
-        select.select = lambda *_: self.fail('unexpected select() call.')
-        (_,_,data) = telnet.expect([b'match'])
-        self.assertEqual(data, b''.join(want[:-1]))
-
-    def test_expect_with_select(self):
-        """Use select.select() to implement telnet.expect()."""
-        want = [b'x' * 10, b'match', b'y' * 10]
-        telnet = test_telnet(want, use_poll=False)
-        if self.old_poll:
-            select.poll = lambda *_: self.fail('unexpected poll() call.')
-        (_,_,data) = telnet.expect([b'match'])
-        self.assertEqual(data, b''.join(want[:-1]))
-
 
 def test_main(verbose=None):
     support.run_unittest(GeneralTests, ReadTests, WriteTests, OptionTests,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tempfile.py b/Lib/test/test_tempfile.py
index 5a970355e6..cf2ae080be 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tempfile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tempfile.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ else:
 # Common functionality.
 class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    str_check = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{6}$")
+    str_check = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9_-]{8}$")
 
     def setUp(self):
         self._warnings_manager = support.check_warnings()
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         nbase = nbase[len(pre):len(nbase)-len(suf)]
         self.assertTrue(self.str_check.match(nbase),
-                     "random string '%s' does not match /^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{6}$/"
+                     "random string '%s' does not match ^[a-z0-9_-]{8}$"
                      % nbase)
 
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class TestRandomNameSequence(BaseTestCase):
                 # via any bugs above
                 try:
                     os.kill(pid, signal.SIGKILL)
-                except EnvironmentError:
+                except OSError:
                     pass
             os.close(read_fd)
             os.close(write_fd)
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class TestCandidateTempdirList(BaseTestCase):
 
             try:
                 dirname = os.getcwd()
-            except (AttributeError, os.error):
+            except (AttributeError, OSError):
                 dirname = os.curdir
 
             self.assertIn(dirname, cand)
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class TestMkstempInner(BaseTestCase):
         file = self.do_create()
         mode = stat.S_IMODE(os.stat(file.name).st_mode)
         expected = 0o600
-        if sys.platform in ('win32', 'os2emx'):
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
             # There's no distinction among 'user', 'group' and 'world';
             # replicate the 'user' bits.
             user = expected >> 6
@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@ class TestMkstempInner(BaseTestCase):
             v="q"
 
         file = self.do_create()
+        self.assertEqual(os.get_inheritable(file.fd), False)
         fd = "%d" % file.fd
 
         try:
@@ -365,7 +366,7 @@ class TestMkstempInner(BaseTestCase):
         # On Windows a spawn* /path/ with embedded spaces shouldn't be quoted,
         # but an arg with embedded spaces should be decorated with double
         # quotes on each end
-        if sys.platform in ('win32',):
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
             decorated = '"%s"' % sys.executable
             tester = '"%s"' % tester
         else:
@@ -475,6 +476,20 @@ class TestGetTempDir(BaseTestCase):
 
         self.assertTrue(a is b)
 
+    def test_case_sensitive(self):
+        # gettempdir should not flatten its case
+        # even on a case-insensitive file system
+        case_sensitive_tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp("-Temp")
+        _tempdir, tempfile.tempdir = tempfile.tempdir, None
+        try:
+            with support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
+                # Fake the first env var which is checked as a candidate
+                env["TMPDIR"] = case_sensitive_tempdir
+                self.assertEqual(tempfile.gettempdir(), case_sensitive_tempdir)
+        finally:
+            tempfile.tempdir = _tempdir
+            support.rmdir(case_sensitive_tempdir)
+
 
 class TestMkstemp(BaseTestCase):
     """Test mkstemp()."""
@@ -563,7 +578,7 @@ class TestMkdtemp(BaseTestCase):
             mode = stat.S_IMODE(os.stat(dir).st_mode)
             mode &= 0o777 # Mask off sticky bits inherited from /tmp
             expected = 0o700
-            if sys.platform in ('win32', 'os2emx'):
+            if sys.platform == 'win32':
                 # There's no distinction among 'user', 'group' and 'world';
                 # replicate the 'user' bits.
                 user = expected >> 6
@@ -1139,8 +1154,9 @@ class TestTemporaryDirectory(BaseTestCase):
     def test_del_on_shutdown(self):
         # A TemporaryDirectory may be cleaned up during shutdown
         with self.do_create() as dir:
-            for mod in ('os', 'shutil', 'sys', 'tempfile', 'warnings'):
+            for mod in ('builtins', 'os', 'shutil', 'sys', 'tempfile', 'warnings'):
                 code = """if True:
+                    import builtins
                     import os
                     import shutil
                     import sys
@@ -1165,6 +1181,7 @@ class TestTemporaryDirectory(BaseTestCase):
                             "TemporaryDirectory %s exists after cleanup" % tmp_name)
                 err = err.decode('utf-8', 'backslashreplace')
                 self.assertNotIn("Exception ", err)
+                self.assertIn("ResourceWarning: Implicitly cleaning up", err)
 
     def test_warnings_on_cleanup(self):
         # ResourceWarning will be triggered by __del__
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_textwrap.py b/Lib/test/test_textwrap.py
index c86f5cfae8..1bba77eb9e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_textwrap.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_textwrap.py
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 #
 
 import unittest
-from test import support
 
-from textwrap import TextWrapper, wrap, fill, dedent, indent
+from textwrap import TextWrapper, wrap, fill, dedent, indent, shorten
 
 
 class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -430,6 +429,90 @@ What a mess!
         self.check_wrap(text, 7, ["aa \xe4\xe4-", "\xe4\xe4"])
 
 
+class MaxLinesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    text = "Hello there, how are you this fine day?  I'm glad to hear it!"
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ["Hello [...]"],
+                        max_lines=0)
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ["Hello [...]"],
+                        max_lines=1)
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ["Hello there,",
+                         "how [...]"],
+                        max_lines=2)
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 13,
+                        ["Hello there,",
+                         "how are [...]"],
+                        max_lines=2)
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 80, [self.text], max_lines=1)
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ["Hello there,",
+                         "how are you",
+                         "this fine",
+                         "day?  I'm",
+                         "glad to hear",
+                         "it!"],
+                        max_lines=6)
+
+    def test_spaces(self):
+        # strip spaces before placeholder
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ["Hello there,",
+                         "how are you",
+                         "this fine",
+                         "day? [...]"],
+                        max_lines=4)
+        # placeholder at the start of line
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 6,
+                        ["Hello",
+                         "[...]"],
+                        max_lines=2)
+        # final spaces
+        self.check_wrap(self.text + ' ' * 10, 12,
+                        ["Hello there,",
+                         "how are you",
+                         "this fine",
+                         "day?  I'm",
+                         "glad to hear",
+                         "it!"],
+                        max_lines=6)
+
+    def test_placeholder(self):
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ["Hello..."],
+                        max_lines=1,
+                        placeholder='...')
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ["Hello there,",
+                         "how are..."],
+                        max_lines=2,
+                        placeholder='...')
+        # long placeholder and indentation
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            wrap(self.text, 16, initial_indent='    ',
+                 max_lines=1, placeholder=' [truncated]...')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            wrap(self.text, 16, subsequent_indent='    ',
+                 max_lines=2, placeholder=' [truncated]...')
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 16,
+                        ["    Hello there,",
+                         "  [truncated]..."],
+                        max_lines=2,
+                        initial_indent='    ',
+                        subsequent_indent='  ',
+                        placeholder=' [truncated]...')
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 16,
+                        ["  [truncated]..."],
+                        max_lines=1,
+                        initial_indent='  ',
+                        subsequent_indent='    ',
+                        placeholder=' [truncated]...')
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 80, [self.text], placeholder='.' * 1000)
+
+
 class LongWordTestCase (BaseTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.wrapper = TextWrapper()
@@ -490,6 +573,14 @@ How *do* you spell that odd word, anyways?
         result = wrap(self.text, width=30, break_long_words=0)
         self.check(result, expect)
 
+    def test_max_lines_long(self):
+        self.check_wrap(self.text, 12,
+                        ['Did you say ',
+                         '"supercalifr',
+                         'agilisticexp',
+                         '[...]'],
+                        max_lines=4)
+
 
 class IndentTestCases(BaseTestCase):
 
@@ -777,12 +868,62 @@ class IndentTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(indent(text, prefix, predicate), expect)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(WrapTestCase,
-                              LongWordTestCase,
-                              IndentTestCases,
-                              DedentTestCase,
-                              IndentTestCase)
+class ShortenTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def check_shorten(self, text, width, expect, **kwargs):
+        result = shorten(text, width, **kwargs)
+        self.check(result, expect)
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        # Simple case: just words, spaces, and a bit of punctuation
+        text = "Hello there, how are you this fine day? I'm glad to hear it!"
+
+        self.check_shorten(text, 18, "Hello there, [...]")
+        self.check_shorten(text, len(text), text)
+        self.check_shorten(text, len(text) - 1,
+            "Hello there, how are you this fine day? "
+            "I'm glad to [...]")
+
+    def test_placeholder(self):
+        text = "Hello there, how are you this fine day? I'm glad to hear it!"
+
+        self.check_shorten(text, 17, "Hello there,$$", placeholder='$$')
+        self.check_shorten(text, 18, "Hello there, how$$", placeholder='$$')
+        self.check_shorten(text, 18, "Hello there, $$", placeholder=' $$')
+        self.check_shorten(text, len(text), text, placeholder='$$')
+        self.check_shorten(text, len(text) - 1,
+            "Hello there, how are you this fine day? "
+            "I'm glad to hear$$", placeholder='$$')
+
+    def test_empty_string(self):
+        self.check_shorten("", 6, "")
+
+    def test_whitespace(self):
+        # Whitespace collapsing
+        text = """
+            This is a  paragraph that  already has
+            line breaks and \t tabs too."""
+        self.check_shorten(text, 62,
+                             "This is a paragraph that already has line "
+                             "breaks and tabs too.")
+        self.check_shorten(text, 61,
+                             "This is a paragraph that already has line "
+                             "breaks and [...]")
+
+        self.check_shorten("hello      world!  ", 12, "hello world!")
+        self.check_shorten("hello      world!  ", 11, "hello [...]")
+        # The leading space is trimmed from the placeholder
+        # (it would be ugly otherwise).
+        self.check_shorten("hello      world!  ", 10, "[...]")
+
+    def test_width_too_small_for_placeholder(self):
+        shorten("x" * 20, width=8, placeholder="(......)")
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            shorten("x" * 20, width=8, placeholder="(.......)")
+
+    def test_first_word_too_long_but_placeholder_fits(self):
+        self.check_shorten("Helloo", 5, "[...]")
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_thread.py b/Lib/test/test_thread.py
index 54372813b9..614490199a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_thread.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_thread.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class ThreadRunningTests(BasicThreadTest):
         thread.stack_size(0)
         self.assertEqual(thread.stack_size(), 0, "stack_size not reset to default")
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(os.name not in ("nt", "os2", "posix"), 'test meant for nt, os2, and posix')
+    @unittest.skipIf(os.name not in ("nt", "posix"), 'test meant for nt and posix')
     def test_nt_and_posix_stack_size(self):
         try:
             thread.stack_size(4096)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_threaded_import.py b/Lib/test/test_threaded_import.py
index 6c2965ba6e..c7bfea07a1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_threaded_import.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_threaded_import.py
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 # complains several times about module random having no attribute
 # randrange, and then Python hangs.
 
+import _imp as imp
 import os
-import imp
 import importlib
 import sys
 import time
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ circular_imports_modules = {
 }
 
 class Finder:
-    """A dummy finder to detect concurrent access to its find_module()
+    """A dummy finder to detect concurrent access to its find_spec()
     method."""
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class Finder:
         self.x = 0
         self.lock = threading.Lock()
 
-    def find_module(self, name, path=None):
-        # Simulate some thread-unsafe behaviour. If calls to find_module()
+    def find_spec(self, name, path=None, target=None):
+        # Simulate some thread-unsafe behaviour. If calls to find_spec()
         # are properly serialized, `x` will end up the same as `numcalls`.
         # Otherwise not.
         assert imp.lock_held()
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class FlushingFinder:
     """A dummy finder which flushes sys.path_importer_cache when it gets
     called."""
 
-    def find_module(self, name, path=None):
+    def find_spec(self, name, path=None, target=None):
         sys.path_importer_cache.clear()
 
 
@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ class ThreadedImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # dedicated meta_path entry.
         flushing_finder = FlushingFinder()
         def path_hook(path):
-            finder.find_module('')
+            finder.find_spec('')
             raise ImportError
         sys.path_hooks.insert(0, path_hook)
         sys.meta_path.append(flushing_finder)
         try:
             # Flush the cache a first time
-            flushing_finder.find_module('')
+            flushing_finder.find_spec('')
             numtests = self.check_parallel_module_init()
             self.assertGreater(finder.numcalls, 0)
             self.assertEqual(finder.x, finder.numcalls)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_threading.py b/Lib/test/test_threading.py
index 11c8979517..7170f60f1c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_threading.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_threading.py
@@ -17,13 +17,18 @@ import weakref
 import os
 from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure
 import subprocess
-try:
-    import _testcapi
-except ImportError:
-    _testcapi = None
 
 from test import lock_tests
 
+
+# Between fork() and exec(), only async-safe functions are allowed (issues
+# #12316 and #11870), and fork() from a worker thread is known to trigger
+# problems with some operating systems (issue #3863): skip problematic tests
+# on platforms known to behave badly.
+platforms_to_skip = ('freebsd4', 'freebsd5', 'freebsd6', 'netbsd5',
+                     'hp-ux11')
+
+
 # A trivial mutable counter.
 class Counter(object):
     def __init__(self):
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ class ThreadTests(BaseTestCase):
         if verbose:
             print('waiting for all tasks to complete')
         for t in threads:
-            t.join(NUMTASKS)
+            t.join()
             self.assertTrue(not t.is_alive())
             self.assertNotEqual(t.ident, 0)
             self.assertFalse(t.ident is None)
@@ -471,6 +476,127 @@ class ThreadTests(BaseTestCase):
                 pid, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
                 self.assertEqual(0, status)
 
+    def test_main_thread(self):
+        main = threading.main_thread()
+        self.assertEqual(main.name, 'MainThread')
+        self.assertEqual(main.ident, threading.current_thread().ident)
+        self.assertEqual(main.ident, threading.get_ident())
+
+        def f():
+            self.assertNotEqual(threading.main_thread().ident,
+                                threading.current_thread().ident)
+        th = threading.Thread(target=f)
+        th.start()
+        th.join()
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fork'), "test needs os.fork()")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'waitpid'), "test needs os.waitpid()")
+    def test_main_thread_after_fork(self):
+        code = """if 1:
+            import os, threading
+
+            pid = os.fork()
+            if pid == 0:
+                main = threading.main_thread()
+                print(main.name)
+                print(main.ident == threading.current_thread().ident)
+                print(main.ident == threading.get_ident())
+            else:
+                os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+        """
+        _, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+        data = out.decode().replace('\r', '')
+        self.assertEqual(err, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(data, "MainThread\nTrue\nTrue\n")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform in platforms_to_skip, "due to known OS bug")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fork'), "test needs os.fork()")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'waitpid'), "test needs os.waitpid()")
+    def test_main_thread_after_fork_from_nonmain_thread(self):
+        code = """if 1:
+            import os, threading, sys
+
+            def f():
+                pid = os.fork()
+                if pid == 0:
+                    main = threading.main_thread()
+                    print(main.name)
+                    print(main.ident == threading.current_thread().ident)
+                    print(main.ident == threading.get_ident())
+                    # stdout is fully buffered because not a tty,
+                    # we have to flush before exit.
+                    sys.stdout.flush()
+                else:
+                    os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+
+            th = threading.Thread(target=f)
+            th.start()
+            th.join()
+        """
+        _, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+        data = out.decode().replace('\r', '')
+        self.assertEqual(err, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(data, "Thread-1\nTrue\nTrue\n")
+
+    def test_tstate_lock(self):
+        # Test an implementation detail of Thread objects.
+        started = _thread.allocate_lock()
+        finish = _thread.allocate_lock()
+        started.acquire()
+        finish.acquire()
+        def f():
+            started.release()
+            finish.acquire()
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+        # The tstate lock is None until the thread is started
+        t = threading.Thread(target=f)
+        self.assertIs(t._tstate_lock, None)
+        t.start()
+        started.acquire()
+        self.assertTrue(t.is_alive())
+        # The tstate lock can't be acquired when the thread is running
+        # (or suspended).
+        tstate_lock = t._tstate_lock
+        self.assertFalse(tstate_lock.acquire(timeout=0), False)
+        finish.release()
+        # When the thread ends, the state_lock can be successfully
+        # acquired.
+        self.assertTrue(tstate_lock.acquire(timeout=5), False)
+        # But is_alive() is still True:  we hold _tstate_lock now, which
+        # prevents is_alive() from knowing the thread's end-of-life C code
+        # is done.
+        self.assertTrue(t.is_alive())
+        # Let is_alive() find out the C code is done.
+        tstate_lock.release()
+        self.assertFalse(t.is_alive())
+        # And verify the thread disposed of _tstate_lock.
+        self.assertTrue(t._tstate_lock is None)
+
+    def test_repr_stopped(self):
+        # Verify that "stopped" shows up in repr(Thread) appropriately.
+        started = _thread.allocate_lock()
+        finish = _thread.allocate_lock()
+        started.acquire()
+        finish.acquire()
+        def f():
+            started.release()
+            finish.acquire()
+        t = threading.Thread(target=f)
+        t.start()
+        started.acquire()
+        self.assertIn("started", repr(t))
+        finish.release()
+        # "stopped" should appear in the repr in a reasonable amount of time.
+        # Implementation detail:  as of this writing, that's trivially true
+        # if .join() is called, and almost trivially true if .is_alive() is
+        # called.  The detail we're testing here is that "stopped" shows up
+        # "all on its own".
+        LOOKING_FOR = "stopped"
+        for i in range(500):
+            if LOOKING_FOR in repr(t):
+                break
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+        self.assertIn(LOOKING_FOR, repr(t)) # we waited at least 5 seconds
 
     def test_BoundedSemaphore_limit(self):
         # BoundedSemaphore should raise ValueError if released too often.
@@ -490,14 +616,48 @@ class ThreadTests(BaseTestCase):
                 t.join()
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, bs.release)
 
-class ThreadJoinOnShutdown(BaseTestCase):
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_frame_tstate_tracing(self):
+        # Issue #14432: Crash when a generator is created in a C thread that is
+        # destroyed while the generator is still used. The issue was that a
+        # generator contains a frame, and the frame kept a reference to the
+        # Python state of the destroyed C thread. The crash occurs when a trace
+        # function is setup.
+
+        def noop_trace(frame, event, arg):
+            # no operation
+            return noop_trace
+
+        def generator():
+            while 1:
+                yield "genereator"
+
+        def callback():
+            if callback.gen is None:
+                callback.gen = generator()
+            return next(callback.gen)
+        callback.gen = None
+
+        old_trace = sys.gettrace()
+        sys.settrace(noop_trace)
+        try:
+            # Install a trace function
+            threading.settrace(noop_trace)
 
-    # Between fork() and exec(), only async-safe functions are allowed (issues
-    # #12316 and #11870), and fork() from a worker thread is known to trigger
-    # problems with some operating systems (issue #3863): skip problematic tests
-    # on platforms known to behave badly.
-    platforms_to_skip = ('freebsd4', 'freebsd5', 'freebsd6', 'netbsd5',
-                         'os2emx', 'hp-ux11')
+            # Create a generator in a C thread which exits after the call
+            import _testcapi
+            _testcapi.call_in_temporary_c_thread(callback)
+
+            # Call the generator in a different Python thread, check that the
+            # generator didn't keep a reference to the destroyed thread state
+            for test in range(3):
+                # The trace function is still called here
+                callback()
+        finally:
+            sys.settrace(old_trace)
+
+
+class ThreadJoinOnShutdown(BaseTestCase):
 
     def _run_and_join(self, script):
         script = """if 1:
@@ -570,144 +730,8 @@ class ThreadJoinOnShutdown(BaseTestCase):
             """
         self._run_and_join(script)
 
-    def assertScriptHasOutput(self, script, expected_output):
-        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", script)
-        data = out.decode().replace('\r', '')
-        self.assertEqual(data, expected_output)
-
-    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fork'), "needs os.fork()")
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform in platforms_to_skip, "due to known OS bug")
-    def test_4_joining_across_fork_in_worker_thread(self):
-        # There used to be a possible deadlock when forking from a child
-        # thread.  See http://bugs.python.org/issue6643.
-
-        # The script takes the following steps:
-        # - The main thread in the parent process starts a new thread and then
-        #   tries to join it.
-        # - The join operation acquires the Lock inside the thread's _block
-        #   Condition.  (See threading.py:Thread.join().)
-        # - We stub out the acquire method on the condition to force it to wait
-        #   until the child thread forks.  (See LOCK ACQUIRED HERE)
-        # - The child thread forks.  (See LOCK HELD and WORKER THREAD FORKS
-        #   HERE)
-        # - The main thread of the parent process enters Condition.wait(),
-        #   which releases the lock on the child thread.
-        # - The child process returns.  Without the necessary fix, when the
-        #   main thread of the child process (which used to be the child thread
-        #   in the parent process) attempts to exit, it will try to acquire the
-        #   lock in the Thread._block Condition object and hang, because the
-        #   lock was held across the fork.
-
-        script = """if 1:
-            import os, time, threading
-
-            finish_join = False
-            start_fork = False
-
-            def worker():
-                # Wait until this thread's lock is acquired before forking to
-                # create the deadlock.
-                global finish_join
-                while not start_fork:
-                    time.sleep(0.01)
-                # LOCK HELD: Main thread holds lock across this call.
-                childpid = os.fork()
-                finish_join = True
-                if childpid != 0:
-                    # Parent process just waits for child.
-                    os.waitpid(childpid, 0)
-                # Child process should just return.
-
-            w = threading.Thread(target=worker)
-
-            # Stub out the private condition variable's lock acquire method.
-            # This acquires the lock and then waits until the child has forked
-            # before returning, which will release the lock soon after.  If
-            # someone else tries to fix this test case by acquiring this lock
-            # before forking instead of resetting it, the test case will
-            # deadlock when it shouldn't.
-            condition = w._block
-            orig_acquire = condition.acquire
-            call_count_lock = threading.Lock()
-            call_count = 0
-            def my_acquire():
-                global call_count
-                global start_fork
-                orig_acquire()  # LOCK ACQUIRED HERE
-                start_fork = True
-                if call_count == 0:
-                    while not finish_join:
-                        time.sleep(0.01)  # WORKER THREAD FORKS HERE
-                with call_count_lock:
-                    call_count += 1
-            condition.acquire = my_acquire
-
-            w.start()
-            w.join()
-            print('end of main')
-            """
-        self.assertScriptHasOutput(script, "end of main\n")
-
-    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fork'), "needs os.fork()")
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform in platforms_to_skip, "due to known OS bug")
-    def test_5_clear_waiter_locks_to_avoid_crash(self):
-        # Check that a spawned thread that forks doesn't segfault on certain
-        # platforms, namely OS X.  This used to happen if there was a waiter
-        # lock in the thread's condition variable's waiters list.  Even though
-        # we know the lock will be held across the fork, it is not safe to
-        # release locks held across forks on all platforms, so releasing the
-        # waiter lock caused a segfault on OS X.  Furthermore, since locks on
-        # OS X are (as of this writing) implemented with a mutex + condition
-        # variable instead of a semaphore, while we know that the Python-level
-        # lock will be acquired, we can't know if the internal mutex will be
-        # acquired at the time of the fork.
-
-        script = """if True:
-            import os, time, threading
-
-            start_fork = False
-
-            def worker():
-                # Wait until the main thread has attempted to join this thread
-                # before continuing.
-                while not start_fork:
-                    time.sleep(0.01)
-                childpid = os.fork()
-                if childpid != 0:
-                    # Parent process just waits for child.
-                    (cpid, rc) = os.waitpid(childpid, 0)
-                    assert cpid == childpid
-                    assert rc == 0
-                    print('end of worker thread')
-                else:
-                    # Child process should just return.
-                    pass
-
-            w = threading.Thread(target=worker)
-
-            # Stub out the private condition variable's _release_save method.
-            # This releases the condition's lock and flips the global that
-            # causes the worker to fork.  At this point, the problematic waiter
-            # lock has been acquired once by the waiter and has been put onto
-            # the waiters list.
-            condition = w._block
-            orig_release_save = condition._release_save
-            def my_release_save():
-                global start_fork
-                orig_release_save()
-                # Waiter lock held here, condition lock released.
-                start_fork = True
-            condition._release_save = my_release_save
-
-            w.start()
-            w.join()
-            print('end of main thread')
-            """
-        output = "end of worker thread\nend of main thread\n"
-        self.assertScriptHasOutput(script, output)
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform in platforms_to_skip, "due to known OS bug")
-    def test_6_daemon_threads(self):
+    def test_4_daemon_threads(self):
         # Check that a daemon thread cannot crash the interpreter on shutdown
         # by manipulating internal structures that are being disposed of in
         # the main thread.
@@ -773,45 +797,111 @@ class ThreadJoinOnShutdown(BaseTestCase):
         for t in threads:
             t.join()
 
-    @cpython_only
-    @unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, "need _testcapi module")
-    def test_frame_tstate_tracing(self):
-        # Issue #14432: Crash when a generator is created in a C thread that is
-        # destroyed while the generator is still used. The issue was that a
-        # generator contains a frame, and the frame kept a reference to the
-        # Python state of the destroyed C thread. The crash occurs when a trace
-        # function is setup.
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fork'), "needs os.fork()")
+    def test_clear_threads_states_after_fork(self):
+        # Issue #17094: check that threads states are cleared after fork()
 
-        def noop_trace(frame, event, arg):
-            # no operation
-            return noop_trace
+        # start a bunch of threads
+        threads = []
+        for i in range(16):
+            t = threading.Thread(target=lambda : time.sleep(0.3))
+            threads.append(t)
+            t.start()
 
-        def generator():
-            while 1:
-                yield "genereator"
+        pid = os.fork()
+        if pid == 0:
+            # check that threads states have been cleared
+            if len(sys._current_frames()) == 1:
+                os._exit(0)
+            else:
+                os._exit(1)
+        else:
+            _, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(0, status)
 
-        def callback():
-            if callback.gen is None:
-                callback.gen = generator()
-            return next(callback.gen)
-        callback.gen = None
+        for t in threads:
+            t.join()
 
-        old_trace = sys.gettrace()
-        sys.settrace(noop_trace)
-        try:
-            # Install a trace function
-            threading.settrace(noop_trace)
 
-            # Create a generator in a C thread which exits after the call
-            _testcapi.call_in_temporary_c_thread(callback)
+class SubinterpThreadingTests(BaseTestCase):
 
-            # Call the generator in a different Python thread, check that the
-            # generator didn't keep a reference to the destroyed thread state
-            for test in range(3):
-                # The trace function is still called here
-                callback()
-        finally:
-            sys.settrace(old_trace)
+    def test_threads_join(self):
+        # Non-daemon threads should be joined at subinterpreter shutdown
+        # (issue #18808)
+        r, w = os.pipe()
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, r)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, w)
+        code = r"""if 1:
+            import os
+            import threading
+            import time
+
+            def f():
+                # Sleep a bit so that the thread is still running when
+                # Py_EndInterpreter is called.
+                time.sleep(0.05)
+                os.write(%d, b"x")
+            threading.Thread(target=f).start()
+            """ % (w,)
+        ret = test.support.run_in_subinterp(code)
+        self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
+        # The thread was joined properly.
+        self.assertEqual(os.read(r, 1), b"x")
+
+    def test_threads_join_2(self):
+        # Same as above, but a delay gets introduced after the thread's
+        # Python code returned but before the thread state is deleted.
+        # To achieve this, we register a thread-local object which sleeps
+        # a bit when deallocated.
+        r, w = os.pipe()
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, r)
+        self.addCleanup(os.close, w)
+        code = r"""if 1:
+            import os
+            import threading
+            import time
+
+            class Sleeper:
+                def __del__(self):
+                    time.sleep(0.05)
+
+            tls = threading.local()
+
+            def f():
+                # Sleep a bit so that the thread is still running when
+                # Py_EndInterpreter is called.
+                time.sleep(0.05)
+                tls.x = Sleeper()
+                os.write(%d, b"x")
+            threading.Thread(target=f).start()
+            """ % (w,)
+        ret = test.support.run_in_subinterp(code)
+        self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
+        # The thread was joined properly.
+        self.assertEqual(os.read(r, 1), b"x")
+
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_daemon_threads_fatal_error(self):
+        subinterp_code = r"""if 1:
+            import os
+            import threading
+            import time
+
+            def f():
+                # Make sure the daemon thread is still running when
+                # Py_EndInterpreter is called.
+                time.sleep(10)
+            threading.Thread(target=f, daemon=True).start()
+            """
+        script = r"""if 1:
+            import _testcapi
+
+            _testcapi.run_in_subinterp(%r)
+            """ % (subinterp_code,)
+        with test.support.SuppressCrashReport():
+            rc, out, err = assert_python_failure("-c", script)
+        self.assertIn("Fatal Python error: Py_EndInterpreter: "
+                      "not the last thread", err.decode())
 
 
 class ThreadingExceptionTests(BaseTestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_threadsignals.py b/Lib/test/test_threadsignals.py
index f975a75e85..9d92742375 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_threadsignals.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_threadsignals.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from test.support import run_unittest, import_module
 thread = import_module('_thread')
 import time
 
-if sys.platform[:3] in ('win', 'os2') or sys.platform=='riscos':
+if (sys.platform[:3] == 'win'):
     raise unittest.SkipTest("Can't test signal on %s" % sys.platform)
 
 process_pid = os.getpid()
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ class ThreadSignals(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(USING_PTHREAD_COND,
                      'POSIX condition variables cannot be interrupted')
+    # Issue #20564: sem_timedwait() cannot be interrupted on OpenBSD
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('openbsd'),
+                     'lock cannot be interrupted on OpenBSD')
     def test_lock_acquire_interruption(self):
         # Mimic receiving a SIGINT (KeyboardInterrupt) with SIGALRM while stuck
         # in a deadlock.
@@ -97,6 +100,9 @@ class ThreadSignals(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(USING_PTHREAD_COND,
                      'POSIX condition variables cannot be interrupted')
+    # Issue #20564: sem_timedwait() cannot be interrupted on OpenBSD
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('openbsd'),
+                     'lock cannot be interrupted on OpenBSD')
     def test_rlock_acquire_interruption(self):
         # Mimic receiving a SIGINT (KeyboardInterrupt) with SIGALRM while stuck
         # in a deadlock.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_time.py b/Lib/test/test_time.py
index 1a4d873a57..be7ddcc34d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_time.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_time.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ except ImportError:
 SIZEOF_INT = sysconfig.get_config_var('SIZEOF_INT') or 4
 TIME_MAXYEAR = (1 << 8 * SIZEOF_INT - 1) - 1
 TIME_MINYEAR = -TIME_MAXYEAR - 1
+_PyTime_ROUND_DOWN = 0
+_PyTime_ROUND_UP = 1
 
 
 class TimeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@ class TimeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(time.ctime(t), 'Sun Sep 16 01:03:52 1973')
         t = time.mktime((2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1))
         self.assertEqual(time.ctime(t), 'Sat Jan  1 00:00:00 2000')
-        for year in [-100, 100, 1000, 2000, 10000]:
+        for year in [-100, 100, 1000, 2000, 2050, 10000]:
             try:
                 testval = time.mktime((year, 1, 10) + (0,)*6)
             except (ValueError, OverflowError):
@@ -344,6 +346,13 @@ class TimeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_mktime(self):
         # Issue #1726687
         for t in (-2, -1, 0, 1):
+            if sys.platform.startswith('aix') and t == -1:
+                # Issue #11188, #19748: mktime() returns -1 on error. On Linux,
+                # the tm_wday field is used as a sentinel () to detect if -1 is
+                # really an error or a valid timestamp. On AIX, tm_wday is
+                # unchanged even on success and so cannot be used as a
+                # sentinel.
+                continue
             try:
                 tt = time.localtime(t)
             except (OverflowError, OSError):
@@ -371,6 +380,14 @@ class TimeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(time, 'monotonic'),
                          'need time.monotonic')
     def test_monotonic(self):
+        # monotonic() should not go backward
+        times = [time.monotonic() for n in range(100)]
+        t1 = times[0]
+        for t2 in times[1:]:
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(t2, t1, "times=%s" % times)
+            t1 = t2
+
+        # monotonic() includes time elapsed during a sleep
         t1 = time.monotonic()
         time.sleep(0.5)
         t2 = time.monotonic()
@@ -379,6 +396,7 @@ class TimeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # Issue #20101: On some Windows machines, dt may be slightly low
         self.assertTrue(0.45 <= dt <= 1.0, dt)
 
+        # monotonic() is a monotonic but non adjustable clock
         info = time.get_clock_info('monotonic')
         self.assertTrue(info.monotonic)
         self.assertFalse(info.adjustable)
@@ -576,58 +594,116 @@ class TestPytime(unittest.TestCase):
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_time_t(self):
         from _testcapi import pytime_object_to_time_t
-        for obj, time_t in (
-            (0, 0),
-            (-1, -1),
-            (-1.0, -1),
-            (-1.9, -1),
-            (1.0, 1),
-            (1.9, 1),
+        for obj, time_t, rnd in (
+            # Round towards zero
+            (0, 0, _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1, -1, _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.0, -1, _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.9, -1, _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1.0, 1, _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1.9, 1, _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            # Round away from zero
+            (0, 0, _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1, -1, _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.0, -1, _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.9, -2, _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1.0, 1, _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1.9, 2, _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
         ):
-            self.assertEqual(pytime_object_to_time_t(obj), time_t)
+            self.assertEqual(pytime_object_to_time_t(obj, rnd), time_t)
 
+        rnd = _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN
         for invalid in self.invalid_values:
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, pytime_object_to_time_t, invalid)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError,
+                              pytime_object_to_time_t, invalid, rnd)
 
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_timeval(self):
         from _testcapi import pytime_object_to_timeval
-        for obj, timeval in (
-            (0, (0, 0)),
-            (-1, (-1, 0)),
-            (-1.0, (-1, 0)),
-            (1e-6, (0, 1)),
-            (-1e-6, (-1, 999999)),
-            (-1.2, (-2, 800000)),
-            (1.1234560, (1, 123456)),
-            (1.1234569, (1, 123456)),
-            (-1.1234560, (-2, 876544)),
-            (-1.1234561, (-2, 876543)),
+        for obj, timeval, rnd in (
+            # Round towards zero
+            (0, (0, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.0, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1e-6, (0, 1), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1e-7, (0, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1e-6, (-1, 999999), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1e-7, (-1, 999999), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.2, (-2, 800000), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (0.9999999, (0, 999999), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (0.0000041, (0, 4), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1.1234560, (1, 123456), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1.1234569, (1, 123456), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-0.0000040, (-1, 999996), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-0.0000041, (-1, 999995), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.1234560, (-2, 876544), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.1234561, (-2, 876543), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            # Round away from zero
+            (0, (0, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.0, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1e-6, (0, 1), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1e-7, (0, 1), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1e-6, (-1, 999999), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1e-7, (-1, 999999), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.2, (-2, 800000), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (0.9999999, (1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (0.0000041, (0, 5), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1.1234560, (1, 123457), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1.1234569, (1, 123457), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-0.0000040, (-1, 999996), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-0.0000041, (-1, 999995), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.1234560, (-2, 876544), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.1234561, (-2, 876543), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
         ):
-            self.assertEqual(pytime_object_to_timeval(obj), timeval)
+            with self.subTest(obj=obj, round=rnd, timeval=timeval):
+                self.assertEqual(pytime_object_to_timeval(obj, rnd), timeval)
 
+        rnd = _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN
         for invalid in self.invalid_values:
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, pytime_object_to_timeval, invalid)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError,
+                              pytime_object_to_timeval, invalid, rnd)
 
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_timespec(self):
         from _testcapi import pytime_object_to_timespec
-        for obj, timespec in (
-            (0, (0, 0)),
-            (-1, (-1, 0)),
-            (-1.0, (-1, 0)),
-            (1e-9, (0, 1)),
-            (-1e-9, (-1, 999999999)),
-            (-1.2, (-2, 800000000)),
-            (1.1234567890, (1, 123456789)),
-            (1.1234567899, (1, 123456789)),
-            (-1.1234567890, (-2, 876543211)),
-            (-1.1234567891, (-2, 876543210)),
+        for obj, timespec, rnd in (
+            # Round towards zero
+            (0, (0, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.0, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1e-9, (0, 1), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1e-10, (0, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1e-9, (-1, 999999999), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1e-10, (-1, 999999999), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.2, (-2, 800000000), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (0.9999999999, (0, 999999999), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1.1234567890, (1, 123456789), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (1.1234567899, (1, 123456789), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.1234567890, (-2, 876543211), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            (-1.1234567891, (-2, 876543210), _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN),
+            # Round away from zero
+            (0, (0, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.0, (-1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1e-9, (0, 1), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1e-10, (0, 1), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1e-9, (-1, 999999999), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1e-10, (-1, 999999999), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.2, (-2, 800000000), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (0.9999999999, (1, 0), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1.1234567890, (1, 123456790), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (1.1234567899, (1, 123456790), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.1234567890, (-2, 876543211), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
+            (-1.1234567891, (-2, 876543210), _PyTime_ROUND_UP),
         ):
-            self.assertEqual(pytime_object_to_timespec(obj), timespec)
+            with self.subTest(obj=obj, round=rnd, timespec=timespec):
+                self.assertEqual(pytime_object_to_timespec(obj, rnd), timespec)
 
+        rnd = _PyTime_ROUND_DOWN
         for invalid in self.invalid_values:
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, pytime_object_to_timespec, invalid)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError,
+                              pytime_object_to_timespec, invalid, rnd)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(time._STRUCT_TM_ITEMS == 11, "needs tm_zone support")
     def test_localtime_timezone(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_timeout.py b/Lib/test/test_timeout.py
index dcf201b507..703c43ab2b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_timeout.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_timeout.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class TCPTimeoutTestCase(TimeoutTestCase):
             sock.connect((whitehole))
         except socket.timeout:
             pass
-        except IOError as err:
+        except OSError as err:
             if err.errno == errno.ECONNREFUSED:
                 skip = False
         finally:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tools.py b/Lib/test/test_tools.py
index f971515899..1bf7d54c1e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tools.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tools.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Tools directory of a Python checkout or tarball, such as reindent.py.
 
 import os
 import sys
+import importlib._bootstrap
 import importlib.machinery
 import unittest
 from unittest import mock
@@ -405,8 +406,8 @@ class PdepsTests(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
         path = os.path.join(scriptsdir, 'pdeps.py')
-        loader = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader('pdeps', path)
-        self.pdeps = loader.load_module()
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('pdeps', path)
+        self.pdeps = importlib._bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).load()
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(self):
@@ -430,8 +431,8 @@ class Gprof2htmlTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         path = os.path.join(scriptsdir, 'gprof2html.py')
-        loader = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader('gprof2html', path)
-        self.gprof = loader.load_module()
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('gprof2html', path)
+        self.gprof = importlib._bootstrap._SpecMethods(spec).load()
         oldargv = sys.argv
         def fixup():
             sys.argv = oldargv
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_traceback.py b/Lib/test/test_traceback.py
index c38c65bb31..c29556354e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_traceback.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_traceback.py
@@ -172,32 +172,76 @@ class SyntaxTracebackCases(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TracebackFormatTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
+    def some_exception(self):
+        raise KeyError('blah')
+
     @cpython_only
-    def test_traceback_format(self):
+    def check_traceback_format(self, cleanup_func=None):
         from _testcapi import traceback_print
         try:
-            raise KeyError('blah')
+            self.some_exception()
         except KeyError:
             type_, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            if cleanup_func is not None:
+                # Clear the inner frames, not this one
+                cleanup_func(tb.tb_next)
             traceback_fmt = 'Traceback (most recent call last):\n' + \
                             ''.join(traceback.format_tb(tb))
             file_ = StringIO()
             traceback_print(tb, file_)
             python_fmt  = file_.getvalue()
+            # Call all _tb and _exc functions
+            with captured_output("stderr") as tbstderr:
+                traceback.print_tb(tb)
+            tbfile = StringIO()
+            traceback.print_tb(tb, file=tbfile)
+            with captured_output("stderr") as excstderr:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+            excfmt = traceback.format_exc()
+            excfile = StringIO()
+            traceback.print_exc(file=excfile)
         else:
             raise Error("unable to create test traceback string")
 
         # Make sure that Python and the traceback module format the same thing
         self.assertEqual(traceback_fmt, python_fmt)
+        # Now verify the _tb func output
+        self.assertEqual(tbstderr.getvalue(), tbfile.getvalue())
+        # Now verify the _exc func output
+        self.assertEqual(excstderr.getvalue(), excfile.getvalue())
+        self.assertEqual(excfmt, excfile.getvalue())
 
         # Make sure that the traceback is properly indented.
         tb_lines = python_fmt.splitlines()
-        self.assertEqual(len(tb_lines), 3)
-        banner, location, source_line = tb_lines
+        self.assertEqual(len(tb_lines), 5)
+        banner = tb_lines[0]
+        location, source_line = tb_lines[-2:]
         self.assertTrue(banner.startswith('Traceback'))
         self.assertTrue(location.startswith('  File'))
         self.assertTrue(source_line.startswith('    raise'))
 
+    def test_traceback_format(self):
+        self.check_traceback_format()
+
+    def test_traceback_format_with_cleared_frames(self):
+        # Check that traceback formatting also works with a clear()ed frame
+        def cleanup_tb(tb):
+            tb.tb_frame.clear()
+        self.check_traceback_format(cleanup_tb)
+
+    def test_stack_format(self):
+        # Verify _stack functions. Note we have to use _getframe(1) to
+        # compare them without this frame appearing in the output
+        with captured_output("stderr") as ststderr:
+            traceback.print_stack(sys._getframe(1))
+        stfile = StringIO()
+        traceback.print_stack(sys._getframe(1), file=stfile)
+        self.assertEqual(ststderr.getvalue(), stfile.getvalue())
+
+        stfmt = traceback.format_stack(sys._getframe(1))
+
+        self.assertEqual(ststderr.getvalue(), "".join(stfmt))
+
 
 cause_message = (
     "\nThe above exception was the direct cause "
@@ -370,6 +414,36 @@ class CExcReportingTests(BaseExceptionReportingTests, unittest.TestCase):
         return s.getvalue()
 
 
+class MiscTracebackCases(unittest.TestCase):
+    #
+    # Check non-printing functions in traceback module
+    #
+
+    def test_clear(self):
+        def outer():
+            middle()
+        def middle():
+            inner()
+        def inner():
+            i = 1
+            1/0
+
+        try:
+            outer()
+        except:
+            type_, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+
+        # Initial assertion: there's one local in the inner frame.
+        inner_frame = tb.tb_next.tb_next.tb_next.tb_frame
+        self.assertEqual(len(inner_frame.f_locals), 1)
+
+        # Clear traceback frames
+        traceback.clear_frames(tb)
+
+        # Local variable dict should now be empty.
+        self.assertEqual(len(inner_frame.f_locals), 0)
+
+
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(__name__)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tracemalloc.py b/Lib/test/test_tracemalloc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1e5aef5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tracemalloc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,818 @@
+import contextlib
+import os
+import sys
+import tracemalloc
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+from test.script_helper import assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure
+from test import support
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:
+    threading = None
+
+EMPTY_STRING_SIZE = sys.getsizeof(b'')
+
+def get_frames(nframe, lineno_delta):
+    frames = []
+    frame = sys._getframe(1)
+    for index in range(nframe):
+        code = frame.f_code
+        lineno = frame.f_lineno + lineno_delta
+        frames.append((code.co_filename, lineno))
+        lineno_delta = 0
+        frame = frame.f_back
+        if frame is None:
+            break
+    return tuple(frames)
+
+def allocate_bytes(size):
+    nframe = tracemalloc.get_traceback_limit()
+    bytes_len = (size - EMPTY_STRING_SIZE)
+    frames = get_frames(nframe, 1)
+    data = b'x' * bytes_len
+    return data, tracemalloc.Traceback(frames)
+
+def create_snapshots():
+    traceback_limit = 2
+
+    raw_traces = [
+        (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+        (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+        (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+
+        (2, (('a.py', 5), ('b.py', 4))),
+
+        (66, (('b.py', 1),)),
+
+        (7, (('<unknown>', 0),)),
+    ]
+    snapshot = tracemalloc.Snapshot(raw_traces, traceback_limit)
+
+    raw_traces2 = [
+        (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+        (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+        (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+
+        (2, (('a.py', 5), ('b.py', 4))),
+        (5000, (('a.py', 5), ('b.py', 4))),
+
+        (400, (('c.py', 578),)),
+    ]
+    snapshot2 = tracemalloc.Snapshot(raw_traces2, traceback_limit)
+
+    return (snapshot, snapshot2)
+
+def frame(filename, lineno):
+    return tracemalloc._Frame((filename, lineno))
+
+def traceback(*frames):
+    return tracemalloc.Traceback(frames)
+
+def traceback_lineno(filename, lineno):
+    return traceback((filename, lineno))
+
+def traceback_filename(filename):
+    return traceback_lineno(filename, 0)
+
+
+class TestTracemallocEnabled(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        if tracemalloc.is_tracing():
+            self.skipTest("tracemalloc must be stopped before the test")
+
+        tracemalloc.start(1)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+
+    def test_get_tracemalloc_memory(self):
+        data = [allocate_bytes(123) for count in range(1000)]
+        size = tracemalloc.get_tracemalloc_memory()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(size, 0)
+
+        tracemalloc.clear_traces()
+        size2 = tracemalloc.get_tracemalloc_memory()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(size2, 0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(size2, size)
+
+    def test_get_object_traceback(self):
+        tracemalloc.clear_traces()
+        obj_size = 12345
+        obj, obj_traceback = allocate_bytes(obj_size)
+        traceback = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(obj)
+        self.assertEqual(traceback, obj_traceback)
+
+    def test_set_traceback_limit(self):
+        obj_size = 10
+
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, tracemalloc.start, -1)
+
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        tracemalloc.start(10)
+        obj2, obj2_traceback = allocate_bytes(obj_size)
+        traceback = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(obj2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(traceback), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(traceback, obj2_traceback)
+
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        tracemalloc.start(1)
+        obj, obj_traceback = allocate_bytes(obj_size)
+        traceback = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(obj)
+        self.assertEqual(len(traceback), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(traceback, obj_traceback)
+
+    def find_trace(self, traces, traceback):
+        for trace in traces:
+            if trace[1] == traceback._frames:
+                return trace
+
+        self.fail("trace not found")
+
+    def test_get_traces(self):
+        tracemalloc.clear_traces()
+        obj_size = 12345
+        obj, obj_traceback = allocate_bytes(obj_size)
+
+        traces = tracemalloc._get_traces()
+        trace = self.find_trace(traces, obj_traceback)
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(trace, tuple)
+        size, traceback = trace
+        self.assertEqual(size, obj_size)
+        self.assertEqual(traceback, obj_traceback._frames)
+
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        self.assertEqual(tracemalloc._get_traces(), [])
+
+    def test_get_traces_intern_traceback(self):
+        # dummy wrappers to get more useful and identical frames in the traceback
+        def allocate_bytes2(size):
+            return allocate_bytes(size)
+        def allocate_bytes3(size):
+            return allocate_bytes2(size)
+        def allocate_bytes4(size):
+            return allocate_bytes3(size)
+
+        # Ensure that two identical tracebacks are not duplicated
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        tracemalloc.start(4)
+        obj_size = 123
+        obj1, obj1_traceback = allocate_bytes4(obj_size)
+        obj2, obj2_traceback = allocate_bytes4(obj_size)
+
+        traces = tracemalloc._get_traces()
+
+        trace1 = self.find_trace(traces, obj1_traceback)
+        trace2 = self.find_trace(traces, obj2_traceback)
+        size1, traceback1 = trace1
+        size2, traceback2 = trace2
+        self.assertEqual(traceback2, traceback1)
+        self.assertIs(traceback2, traceback1)
+
+    def test_get_traced_memory(self):
+        # Python allocates some internals objects, so the test must tolerate
+        # a small difference between the expected size and the real usage
+        max_error = 2048
+
+        # allocate one object
+        obj_size = 1024 * 1024
+        tracemalloc.clear_traces()
+        obj, obj_traceback = allocate_bytes(obj_size)
+        size, peak_size = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(size, obj_size)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(peak_size, size)
+
+        self.assertLessEqual(size - obj_size, max_error)
+        self.assertLessEqual(peak_size - size, max_error)
+
+        # destroy the object
+        obj = None
+        size2, peak_size2 = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()
+        self.assertLess(size2, size)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(size - size2, obj_size - max_error)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(peak_size2, peak_size)
+
+        # clear_traces() must reset traced memory counters
+        tracemalloc.clear_traces()
+        self.assertEqual(tracemalloc.get_traced_memory(), (0, 0))
+
+        # allocate another object
+        obj, obj_traceback = allocate_bytes(obj_size)
+        size, peak_size = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(size, obj_size)
+
+        # stop() also resets traced memory counters
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        self.assertEqual(tracemalloc.get_traced_memory(), (0, 0))
+
+    def test_clear_traces(self):
+        obj, obj_traceback = allocate_bytes(123)
+        traceback = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(obj)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(traceback)
+
+        tracemalloc.clear_traces()
+        traceback2 = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(obj)
+        self.assertIsNone(traceback2)
+
+    def test_is_tracing(self):
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        self.assertFalse(tracemalloc.is_tracing())
+
+        tracemalloc.start()
+        self.assertTrue(tracemalloc.is_tracing())
+
+    def test_snapshot(self):
+        obj, source = allocate_bytes(123)
+
+        # take a snapshot
+        snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()
+
+        # write on disk
+        snapshot.dump(support.TESTFN)
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, support.TESTFN)
+
+        # load from disk
+        snapshot2 = tracemalloc.Snapshot.load(support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot2.traces, snapshot.traces)
+
+        # tracemalloc must be tracing memory allocations to take a snapshot
+        tracemalloc.stop()
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as cm:
+            tracemalloc.take_snapshot()
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         "the tracemalloc module must be tracing memory "
+                         "allocations to take a snapshot")
+
+    def test_snapshot_save_attr(self):
+        # take a snapshot with a new attribute
+        snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()
+        snapshot.test_attr = "new"
+        snapshot.dump(support.TESTFN)
+        self.addCleanup(support.unlink, support.TESTFN)
+
+        # load() should recreates the attribute
+        snapshot2 = tracemalloc.Snapshot.load(support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot2.test_attr, "new")
+
+    def fork_child(self):
+        if not tracemalloc.is_tracing():
+            return 2
+
+        obj_size = 12345
+        obj, obj_traceback = allocate_bytes(obj_size)
+        traceback = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(obj)
+        if traceback is None:
+            return 3
+
+        # everything is fine
+        return 0
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fork'), 'need os.fork()')
+    def test_fork(self):
+        # check that tracemalloc is still working after fork
+        pid = os.fork()
+        if not pid:
+            # child
+            exitcode = 1
+            try:
+                exitcode = self.fork_child()
+            finally:
+                os._exit(exitcode)
+        else:
+            pid2, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+            self.assertTrue(os.WIFEXITED(status))
+            exitcode = os.WEXITSTATUS(status)
+            self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
+
+
+class TestSnapshot(unittest.TestCase):
+    maxDiff = 4000
+
+    def test_create_snapshot(self):
+        raw_traces = [(5, (('a.py', 2),))]
+
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+            stack.enter_context(patch.object(tracemalloc, 'is_tracing',
+                                             return_value=True))
+            stack.enter_context(patch.object(tracemalloc, 'get_traceback_limit',
+                                             return_value=5))
+            stack.enter_context(patch.object(tracemalloc, '_get_traces',
+                                             return_value=raw_traces))
+
+            snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()
+            self.assertEqual(snapshot.traceback_limit, 5)
+            self.assertEqual(len(snapshot.traces), 1)
+            trace = snapshot.traces[0]
+            self.assertEqual(trace.size, 5)
+            self.assertEqual(len(trace.traceback), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(trace.traceback[0].filename, 'a.py')
+            self.assertEqual(trace.traceback[0].lineno, 2)
+
+    def test_filter_traces(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        filter1 = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "b.py")
+        filter2 = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "a.py", 2)
+        filter3 = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "a.py", 5)
+
+        original_traces = list(snapshot.traces._traces)
+
+        # exclude b.py
+        snapshot3 = snapshot.filter_traces((filter1,))
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot3.traces._traces, [
+            (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+            (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+            (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+            (2, (('a.py', 5), ('b.py', 4))),
+            (7, (('<unknown>', 0),)),
+        ])
+
+        # filter_traces() must not touch the original snapshot
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot.traces._traces, original_traces)
+
+        # only include two lines of a.py
+        snapshot4 = snapshot3.filter_traces((filter2, filter3))
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot4.traces._traces, [
+            (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+            (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+            (10, (('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))),
+            (2, (('a.py', 5), ('b.py', 4))),
+        ])
+
+        # No filter: just duplicate the snapshot
+        snapshot5 = snapshot.filter_traces(())
+        self.assertIsNot(snapshot5, snapshot)
+        self.assertIsNot(snapshot5.traces, snapshot.traces)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot5.traces, snapshot.traces)
+
+    def test_snapshot_group_by_line(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        tb_0 = traceback_lineno('<unknown>', 0)
+        tb_a_2 = traceback_lineno('a.py', 2)
+        tb_a_5 = traceback_lineno('a.py', 5)
+        tb_b_1 = traceback_lineno('b.py', 1)
+        tb_c_578 = traceback_lineno('c.py', 578)
+
+        # stats per file and line
+        stats1 = snapshot.statistics('lineno')
+        self.assertEqual(stats1, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_b_1, 66, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a_2, 30, 3),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_0, 7, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a_5, 2, 1),
+        ])
+
+        # stats per file and line (2)
+        stats2 = snapshot2.statistics('lineno')
+        self.assertEqual(stats2, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a_5, 5002, 2),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_c_578, 400, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a_2, 30, 3),
+        ])
+
+        # stats diff per file and line
+        statistics = snapshot2.compare_to(snapshot, 'lineno')
+        self.assertEqual(statistics, [
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_a_5, 5002, 5000, 2, 1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_c_578, 400, 400, 1, 1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_b_1, 0, -66, 0, -1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_0, 0, -7, 0, -1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_a_2, 30, 0, 3, 0),
+        ])
+
+    def test_snapshot_group_by_file(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        tb_0 = traceback_filename('<unknown>')
+        tb_a = traceback_filename('a.py')
+        tb_b = traceback_filename('b.py')
+        tb_c = traceback_filename('c.py')
+
+        # stats per file
+        stats1 = snapshot.statistics('filename')
+        self.assertEqual(stats1, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_b, 66, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a, 32, 4),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_0, 7, 1),
+        ])
+
+        # stats per file (2)
+        stats2 = snapshot2.statistics('filename')
+        self.assertEqual(stats2, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a, 5032, 5),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_c, 400, 1),
+        ])
+
+        # stats diff per file
+        diff = snapshot2.compare_to(snapshot, 'filename')
+        self.assertEqual(diff, [
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_a, 5032, 5000, 5, 1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_c, 400, 400, 1, 1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_b, 0, -66, 0, -1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb_0, 0, -7, 0, -1),
+        ])
+
+    def test_snapshot_group_by_traceback(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+
+        # stats per file
+        tb1 = traceback(('a.py', 2), ('b.py', 4))
+        tb2 = traceback(('a.py', 5), ('b.py', 4))
+        tb3 = traceback(('b.py', 1))
+        tb4 = traceback(('<unknown>', 0))
+        stats1 = snapshot.statistics('traceback')
+        self.assertEqual(stats1, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb3, 66, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb1, 30, 3),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb4, 7, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb2, 2, 1),
+        ])
+
+        # stats per file (2)
+        tb5 = traceback(('c.py', 578))
+        stats2 = snapshot2.statistics('traceback')
+        self.assertEqual(stats2, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb2, 5002, 2),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb5, 400, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb1, 30, 3),
+        ])
+
+        # stats diff per file
+        diff = snapshot2.compare_to(snapshot, 'traceback')
+        self.assertEqual(diff, [
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb2, 5002, 5000, 2, 1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb5, 400, 400, 1, 1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb3, 0, -66, 0, -1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb4, 0, -7, 0, -1),
+            tracemalloc.StatisticDiff(tb1, 30, 0, 3, 0),
+        ])
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                          snapshot.statistics, 'traceback', cumulative=True)
+
+    def test_snapshot_group_by_cumulative(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        tb_0 = traceback_filename('<unknown>')
+        tb_a = traceback_filename('a.py')
+        tb_b = traceback_filename('b.py')
+        tb_a_2 = traceback_lineno('a.py', 2)
+        tb_a_5 = traceback_lineno('a.py', 5)
+        tb_b_1 = traceback_lineno('b.py', 1)
+        tb_b_4 = traceback_lineno('b.py', 4)
+
+        # per file
+        stats = snapshot.statistics('filename', True)
+        self.assertEqual(stats, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_b, 98, 5),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a, 32, 4),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_0, 7, 1),
+        ])
+
+        # per line
+        stats = snapshot.statistics('lineno', True)
+        self.assertEqual(stats, [
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_b_1, 66, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_b_4, 32, 4),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a_2, 30, 3),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_0, 7, 1),
+            tracemalloc.Statistic(tb_a_5, 2, 1),
+        ])
+
+    def test_trace_format(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        trace = snapshot.traces[0]
+        self.assertEqual(str(trace), 'a.py:2: 10 B')
+        traceback = trace.traceback
+        self.assertEqual(str(traceback), 'a.py:2')
+        frame = traceback[0]
+        self.assertEqual(str(frame), 'a.py:2')
+
+    def test_statistic_format(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        stats = snapshot.statistics('lineno')
+        stat = stats[0]
+        self.assertEqual(str(stat),
+                         'b.py:1: size=66 B, count=1, average=66 B')
+
+    def test_statistic_diff_format(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        stats = snapshot2.compare_to(snapshot, 'lineno')
+        stat = stats[0]
+        self.assertEqual(str(stat),
+                         'a.py:5: size=5002 B (+5000 B), count=2 (+1), average=2501 B')
+
+    def test_slices(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot.traces[:2],
+                         (snapshot.traces[0], snapshot.traces[1]))
+
+        traceback = snapshot.traces[0].traceback
+        self.assertEqual(traceback[:2],
+                         (traceback[0], traceback[1]))
+
+    def test_format_traceback(self):
+        snapshot, snapshot2 = create_snapshots()
+        def getline(filename, lineno):
+            return '  <%s, %s>' % (filename, lineno)
+        with unittest.mock.patch('tracemalloc.linecache.getline',
+                                 side_effect=getline):
+            tb = snapshot.traces[0].traceback
+            self.assertEqual(tb.format(),
+                             ['  File "a.py", line 2',
+                              '    <a.py, 2>',
+                              '  File "b.py", line 4',
+                              '    <b.py, 4>'])
+
+            self.assertEqual(tb.format(limit=1),
+                             ['  File "a.py", line 2',
+                              '    <a.py, 2>'])
+
+            self.assertEqual(tb.format(limit=-1),
+                             [])
+
+
+class TestFilters(unittest.TestCase):
+    maxDiff = 2048
+
+    def test_filter_attributes(self):
+        # test default values
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "abc")
+        self.assertEqual(f.inclusive, True)
+        self.assertEqual(f.filename_pattern, "abc")
+        self.assertIsNone(f.lineno)
+        self.assertEqual(f.all_frames, False)
+
+        # test custom values
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "test.py", 123, True)
+        self.assertEqual(f.inclusive, False)
+        self.assertEqual(f.filename_pattern, "test.py")
+        self.assertEqual(f.lineno, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(f.all_frames, True)
+
+        # parameters passed by keyword
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(inclusive=False, filename_pattern="test.py", lineno=123, all_frames=True)
+        self.assertEqual(f.inclusive, False)
+        self.assertEqual(f.filename_pattern, "test.py")
+        self.assertEqual(f.lineno, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(f.all_frames, True)
+
+        # read-only attribute
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, f, "filename_pattern", "abc")
+
+    def test_filter_match(self):
+        # filter without line number
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "abc")
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 5))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 10))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 0))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 5))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 10))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "abc")
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 0))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 5))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 10))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 5))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 10))
+
+        # filter with line number > 0
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "abc", 5)
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 5))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 10))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 0))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 5))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 10))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "abc", 5)
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 0))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 5))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 10))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 5))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 10))
+
+        # filter with line number 0
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "abc", 0)
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 0))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 5))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 10))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 0))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 5))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("12356", 10))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "abc", 0)
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_frame("abc", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 5))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("abc", 10))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 5))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_frame("12356", 10))
+
+    def test_filter_match_filename(self):
+        def fnmatch(inclusive, filename, pattern):
+            f = tracemalloc.Filter(inclusive, pattern)
+            return f._match_frame(filename, 0)
+
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch(True, "abc", "abc"))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch(True, "12356", "abc"))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch(True, "<unknown>", "abc"))
+
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch(False, "abc", "abc"))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch(False, "12356", "abc"))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch(False, "<unknown>", "abc"))
+
+    def test_filter_match_filename_joker(self):
+        def fnmatch(filename, pattern):
+            filter = tracemalloc.Filter(True, pattern)
+            return filter._match_frame(filename, 0)
+
+        # empty string
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abc', ''))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('', 'abc'))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('', ''))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('', '*'))
+
+        # no *
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('abc', 'abc'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abc', 'abcd'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abc', 'def'))
+
+        # a*
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('abc', 'a*'))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('abc', 'abc*'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abc', 'b*'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abc', 'abcd*'))
+
+        # a*b
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('abc', 'a*c'))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('abcdcx', 'a*cx'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abb', 'a*c'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abcdce', 'a*cx'))
+
+        # a*b*c
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('abcde', 'a*c*e'))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('abcbdefeg', 'a*bd*eg'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abcdd', 'a*c*e'))
+        self.assertFalse(fnmatch('abcbdefef', 'a*bd*eg'))
+
+        # replace .pyc and .pyo suffix with .py
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.pyc', 'a.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.pyo', 'a.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.py', 'a.pyc'))
+        self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.py', 'a.pyo'))
+
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            # case insensitive
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch('aBC', 'ABc'))
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch('aBcDe', 'Ab*dE'))
+
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.pyc', 'a.PY'))
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.PYO', 'a.py'))
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.py', 'a.PYC'))
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch('a.PY', 'a.pyo'))
+        else:
+            # case sensitive
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch('aBC', 'ABc'))
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch('aBcDe', 'Ab*dE'))
+
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch('a.pyc', 'a.PY'))
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch('a.PYO', 'a.py'))
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch('a.py', 'a.PYC'))
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch('a.PY', 'a.pyo'))
+
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            # normalize alternate separator "/" to the standard separator "\"
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch(r'a/b', r'a\b'))
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch(r'a\b', r'a/b'))
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch(r'a/b\c', r'a\b/c'))
+            self.assertTrue(fnmatch(r'a/b/c', r'a\b\c'))
+        else:
+            # there is no alternate separator
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch(r'a/b', r'a\b'))
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch(r'a\b', r'a/b'))
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch(r'a/b\c', r'a\b/c'))
+            self.assertFalse(fnmatch(r'a/b/c', r'a\b\c'))
+
+    def test_filter_match_trace(self):
+        t1 = (("a.py", 2), ("b.py", 3))
+        t2 = (("b.py", 4), ("b.py", 5))
+        t3 = (("c.py", 5), ('<unknown>', 0))
+        unknown = (('<unknown>', 0),)
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "b.py", all_frames=True)
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t1))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t2))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t3))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(unknown))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "b.py", all_frames=False)
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t1))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t2))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t3))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(unknown))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "b.py", all_frames=True)
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t1))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t2))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t3))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(unknown))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "b.py", all_frames=False)
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t1))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t2))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t3))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(unknown))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "<unknown>", all_frames=False)
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t1))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t2))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t3))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(unknown))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(True, "<unknown>", all_frames=True)
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t1))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t2))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t3))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(unknown))
+
+        f = tracemalloc.Filter(False, "<unknown>", all_frames=True)
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t1))
+        self.assertTrue(f._match_traceback(t2))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(t3))
+        self.assertFalse(f._match_traceback(unknown))
+
+
+class TestCommandLine(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_env_var(self):
+        # not tracing by default
+        code = 'import tracemalloc; print(tracemalloc.is_tracing())'
+        ok, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
+        stdout = stdout.rstrip()
+        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'False')
+
+        # PYTHON* environment variables must be ignored when -E option is
+        # present
+        code = 'import tracemalloc; print(tracemalloc.is_tracing())'
+        ok, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-E', '-c', code, PYTHONTRACEMALLOC='1')
+        stdout = stdout.rstrip()
+        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'False')
+
+        # tracing at startup
+        code = 'import tracemalloc; print(tracemalloc.is_tracing())'
+        ok, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONTRACEMALLOC='1')
+        stdout = stdout.rstrip()
+        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'True')
+
+        # start and set the number of frames
+        code = 'import tracemalloc; print(tracemalloc.get_traceback_limit())'
+        ok, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONTRACEMALLOC='10')
+        stdout = stdout.rstrip()
+        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'10')
+
+    def test_env_var_invalid(self):
+        for nframe in (-1, 0, 2**30):
+            with self.subTest(nframe=nframe):
+                with support.SuppressCrashReport():
+                    ok, stdout, stderr = assert_python_failure(
+                        '-c', 'pass',
+                        PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=str(nframe))
+                    self.assertIn(b'PYTHONTRACEMALLOC: invalid '
+                                  b'number of frames',
+                                  stderr)
+
+    def test_sys_xoptions(self):
+        for xoptions, nframe in (
+            ('tracemalloc', 1),
+            ('tracemalloc=1', 1),
+            ('tracemalloc=15', 15),
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(xoptions=xoptions, nframe=nframe):
+                code = 'import tracemalloc; print(tracemalloc.get_traceback_limit())'
+                ok, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok('-X', xoptions, '-c', code)
+                stdout = stdout.rstrip()
+                self.assertEqual(stdout, str(nframe).encode('ascii'))
+
+    def test_sys_xoptions_invalid(self):
+        for nframe in (-1, 0, 2**30):
+            with self.subTest(nframe=nframe):
+                with support.SuppressCrashReport():
+                    args = ('-X', 'tracemalloc=%s' % nframe, '-c', 'pass')
+                    ok, stdout, stderr = assert_python_failure(*args)
+                    self.assertIn(b'-X tracemalloc=NFRAME: invalid '
+                                  b'number of frames',
+                                  stderr)
+
+
+def test_main():
+    support.run_unittest(
+        TestTracemallocEnabled,
+        TestSnapshot,
+        TestFilters,
+        TestCommandLine,
+    )
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_types.py b/Lib/test/test_types.py
index 3ee4c6bc5f..18e6b0a89c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_types.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_types.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Python test set -- part 6, built-in types
 
-from test.support import run_unittest, run_with_locale
+from test.support import run_unittest, run_with_locale, cpython_only
 import collections
+import pickle
 import locale
 import sys
 import types
@@ -1077,9 +1078,19 @@ class SimpleNamespaceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         ns2 = types.SimpleNamespace()
         ns2.x = "spam"
         ns2._y = 5
+        name = "namespace"
 
-        self.assertEqual(repr(ns1), "namespace(w=3, x=1, y=2)")
-        self.assertEqual(repr(ns2), "namespace(_y=5, x='spam')")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(ns1), "{name}(w=3, x=1, y=2)".format(name=name))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(ns2), "{name}(_y=5, x='spam')".format(name=name))
+
+    def test_equal(self):
+        ns1 = types.SimpleNamespace(x=1)
+        ns2 = types.SimpleNamespace()
+        ns2.x = 1
+
+        self.assertEqual(types.SimpleNamespace(), types.SimpleNamespace())
+        self.assertEqual(ns1, ns2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(ns2, types.SimpleNamespace())
 
     def test_nested(self):
         ns1 = types.SimpleNamespace(a=1, b=2)
@@ -1117,11 +1128,12 @@ class SimpleNamespaceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         ns1.spam = ns1
         ns2.spam = ns3
         ns3.spam = ns2
+        name = "namespace"
+        repr1 = "{name}(c='cookie', spam={name}(...))".format(name=name)
+        repr2 = "{name}(spam={name}(spam={name}(...), x=1))".format(name=name)
 
-        self.assertEqual(repr(ns1),
-                         "namespace(c='cookie', spam=namespace(...))")
-        self.assertEqual(repr(ns2),
-                         "namespace(spam=namespace(spam=namespace(...), x=1))")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(ns1), repr1)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(ns2), repr2)
 
     def test_as_dict(self):
         ns = types.SimpleNamespace(spam='spamspamspam')
@@ -1144,10 +1156,45 @@ class SimpleNamespaceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIs(type(spam), Spam)
         self.assertEqual(vars(spam), {'ham': 8, 'eggs': 9})
 
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        ns = types.SimpleNamespace(breakfast="spam", lunch="spam")
+
+        for protocol in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            pname = "protocol {}".format(protocol)
+            try:
+                ns_pickled = pickle.dumps(ns, protocol)
+            except TypeError as e:
+                raise TypeError(pname) from e
+            ns_roundtrip = pickle.loads(ns_pickled)
+
+            self.assertEqual(ns, ns_roundtrip, pname)
+
+
+class SharedKeyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_subclasses(self):
+        # Verify that subclasses can share keys (per PEP 412)
+        class A:
+            pass
+        class B(A):
+            pass
+
+        a, b = A(), B()
+        self.assertEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(b)))
+        self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof({}))
+        a.x, a.y, a.z, a.w = range(4)
+        self.assertNotEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(b)))
+        a2 = A()
+        self.assertEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(a2)))
+        self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof({}))
+        b.u, b.v, b.w, b.t = range(4)
+        self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(b)), sys.getsizeof({}))
+
 
 def test_main():
     run_unittest(TypesTests, MappingProxyTests, ClassCreationTests,
-                 SimpleNamespaceTests)
+                 SimpleNamespaceTests, SharedKeyTests)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ucn.py b/Lib/test/test_ucn.py
index de71680c63..be7e9cdcd7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ucn.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ucn.py
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class UnicodeNamesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             testdata = support.open_urlresource(url, encoding="utf-8",
                                                 check=check_version)
-        except (IOError, HTTPException):
+        except (OSError, HTTPException):
             self.skipTest("Could not retrieve " + url)
         self.addCleanup(testdata.close)
         for line in testdata:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unicode.py b/Lib/test/test_unicode.py
index c2ede07a83..7e7091872f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unicode.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unicode.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Written by Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com).
 """#"
 import _string
 import codecs
+import itertools
 import struct
 import sys
 import unittest
@@ -31,6 +32,16 @@ def search_function(encoding):
         return None
 codecs.register(search_function)
 
+def duplicate_string(text):
+    """
+    Try to get a fresh clone of the specified text:
+    new object with a reference count of 1.
+
+    This is a best-effort: latin1 single letters and the empty
+    string ('') are singletons and cannot be cloned.
+    """
+    return text.encode().decode()
+
 class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
         string_tests.MixinStrUnicodeUserStringTest,
         string_tests.MixinStrUnicodeTest,
@@ -863,11 +874,9 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
         self.assertEqual('{0:d}'.format(G('data')), 'G(data)')
         self.assertEqual('{0!s}'.format(G('data')), 'string is data')
 
-        msg = 'object.__format__ with a non-empty format string is deprecated'
-        with support.check_warnings((msg, DeprecationWarning)):
-            self.assertEqual('{0:^10}'.format(E('data')), ' E(data)  ')
-            self.assertEqual('{0:^10s}'.format(E('data')), ' E(data)  ')
-            self.assertEqual('{0:>15s}'.format(G('data')), ' string is data')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, '{0:^10}'.format, E('data'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, '{0:^10s}'.format, E('data'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, '{0:>15s}'.format, G('data'))
 
         self.assertEqual("{0:date: %Y-%m-%d}".format(I(year=2007,
                                                        month=8,
@@ -903,7 +912,7 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0".format)
         self.assertRaises(IndexError, "{0.}".format)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0.}".format, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(IndexError, "{0[}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0[}".format)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0[}".format, [])
         self.assertRaises(KeyError,   "{0]}".format)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0.[]}".format, 0)
@@ -955,6 +964,15 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
                          '')
 
         self.assertEqual("{[{}]}".format({"{}": 5}), "5")
+        self.assertEqual("{[{}]}".format({"{}" : "a"}), "a")
+        self.assertEqual("{[{]}".format({"{" : "a"}), "a")
+        self.assertEqual("{[}]}".format({"}" : "a"}), "a")
+        self.assertEqual("{[[]}".format({"[" : "a"}), "a")
+        self.assertEqual("{[!]}".format({"!" : "a"}), "a")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{a{}b}".format, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{a{b}".format, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{[}".format, 42)
+
         self.assertEqual("0x{:0{:d}X}".format(0x0,16), "0x0000000000000000")
 
     def test_format_map(self):
@@ -1108,6 +1126,67 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
         self.assertEqual('%.1s' % "a\xe9\u20ac", 'a')
         self.assertEqual('%.2s' % "a\xe9\u20ac", 'a\xe9')
 
+        #issue 19995
+        class PsuedoInt:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = int(value)
+            def __int__(self):
+                return self.value
+            def __index__(self):
+                return self.value
+        class PsuedoFloat:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = float(value)
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self.value)
+        pi = PsuedoFloat(3.1415)
+        letter_m = PsuedoInt(109)
+        self.assertEqual('%x' % 42, '2a')
+        self.assertEqual('%X' % 15, 'F')
+        self.assertEqual('%o' % 9, '11')
+        self.assertEqual('%c' % 109, 'm')
+        self.assertEqual('%x' % letter_m, '6d')
+        self.assertEqual('%X' % letter_m, '6D')
+        self.assertEqual('%o' % letter_m, '155')
+        self.assertEqual('%c' % letter_m, 'm')
+        self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, '%x'.__mod__, pi),
+        self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, '%x'.__mod__, 3.14),
+        self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, '%X'.__mod__, 2.11),
+        self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, '%o'.__mod__, 1.79),
+        self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, '%c'.__mod__, pi),
+
+    def test_formatting_with_enum(self):
+        # issue18780
+        import enum
+        class Float(float, enum.Enum):
+            PI = 3.1415926
+        class Int(enum.IntEnum):
+            IDES = 15
+        class Str(str, enum.Enum):
+            ABC = 'abc'
+        # Testing Unicode formatting strings...
+        self.assertEqual("%s, %s" % (Str.ABC, Str.ABC),
+                         'Str.ABC, Str.ABC')
+        self.assertEqual("%s, %s, %d, %i, %u, %f, %5.2f" %
+                        (Str.ABC, Str.ABC,
+                         Int.IDES, Int.IDES, Int.IDES,
+                         Float.PI, Float.PI),
+                         'Str.ABC, Str.ABC, 15, 15, 15, 3.141593,  3.14')
+
+        # formatting jobs delegated from the string implementation:
+        self.assertEqual('...%(foo)s...' % {'foo':Str.ABC},
+                         '...Str.ABC...')
+        self.assertEqual('...%(foo)s...' % {'foo':Int.IDES},
+                         '...Int.IDES...')
+        self.assertEqual('...%(foo)i...' % {'foo':Int.IDES},
+                         '...15...')
+        self.assertEqual('...%(foo)d...' % {'foo':Int.IDES},
+                         '...15...')
+        self.assertEqual('...%(foo)u...' % {'foo':Int.IDES, 'def':Float.PI},
+                         '...15...')
+        self.assertEqual('...%(foo)f...' % {'foo':Float.PI,'def':123},
+                         '...3.141593...')
+
     def test_formatting_huge_precision(self):
         format_string = "%.{}f".format(sys.maxsize + 1)
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
@@ -1788,10 +1867,10 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
         # 0-127
         s = bytes(range(128))
         for encoding in (
-            'cp037', 'cp1026',
+            'cp037', 'cp1026', 'cp273',
             'cp437', 'cp500', 'cp720', 'cp737', 'cp775', 'cp850',
             'cp852', 'cp855', 'cp858', 'cp860', 'cp861', 'cp862',
-            'cp863', 'cp865', 'cp866',
+            'cp863', 'cp865', 'cp866', 'cp1125',
             'iso8859_10', 'iso8859_13', 'iso8859_14', 'iso8859_15',
             'iso8859_2', 'iso8859_3', 'iso8859_4', 'iso8859_5', 'iso8859_6',
             'iso8859_7', 'iso8859_9', 'koi8_r', 'latin_1',
@@ -1816,10 +1895,10 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
         # 128-255
         s = bytes(range(128, 256))
         for encoding in (
-            'cp037', 'cp1026',
+            'cp037', 'cp1026', 'cp273',
             'cp437', 'cp500', 'cp720', 'cp737', 'cp775', 'cp850',
             'cp852', 'cp855', 'cp858', 'cp860', 'cp861', 'cp862',
-            'cp863', 'cp865', 'cp866',
+            'cp863', 'cp865', 'cp866', 'cp1125',
             'iso8859_10', 'iso8859_13', 'iso8859_14', 'iso8859_15',
             'iso8859_2', 'iso8859_4', 'iso8859_5',
             'iso8859_9', 'koi8_r', 'latin_1',
@@ -2010,9 +2089,10 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
     # Test PyUnicode_FromFormat()
     def test_from_format(self):
         support.import_module('ctypes')
-        from ctypes import (pythonapi, py_object,
+        from ctypes import (
+            pythonapi, py_object, sizeof,
             c_int, c_long, c_longlong, c_ssize_t,
-            c_uint, c_ulong, c_ulonglong, c_size_t)
+            c_uint, c_ulong, c_ulonglong, c_size_t, c_void_p)
         name = "PyUnicode_FromFormat"
         _PyUnicode_FromFormat = getattr(pythonapi, name)
         _PyUnicode_FromFormat.restype = py_object
@@ -2023,9 +2103,13 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
                 for arg in args)
             return _PyUnicode_FromFormat(format, *cargs)
 
+        def check_format(expected, format, *args):
+            text = PyUnicode_FromFormat(format, *args)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, text)
+
         # ascii format, non-ascii argument
-        text = PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'ascii\x7f=%U', 'unicode\xe9')
-        self.assertEqual(text, 'ascii\x7f=unicode\xe9')
+        check_format('ascii\x7f=unicode\xe9',
+                     b'ascii\x7f=%U', 'unicode\xe9')
 
         # non-ascii format, ascii argument: ensure that PyUnicode_FromFormatV()
         # raises an error
@@ -2035,64 +2119,205 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
             PyUnicode_FromFormat, b'unicode\xe9=%s', 'ascii')
 
         # test "%c"
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%c', c_int(0xabcd)), '\uabcd')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%c', c_int(0x10ffff)), '\U0010ffff')
+        check_format('\uabcd',
+                     b'%c', c_int(0xabcd))
+        check_format('\U0010ffff',
+                     b'%c', c_int(0x10ffff))
         with self.assertRaises(OverflowError):
             PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%c', c_int(0x110000))
         # Issue #18183
-        self.assertEqual(
-            PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%c%c', c_int(0x10000), c_int(0x100000)),
-            '\U00010000\U00100000')
+        check_format('\U00010000\U00100000',
+                     b'%c%c', c_int(0x10000), c_int(0x100000))
 
         # test "%"
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%'), '%')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%%'), '%')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%%s'), '%s')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'[%%]'), '[%]')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%%%s', b'abc'), '%abc')
+        check_format('%',
+                     b'%')
+        check_format('%',
+                     b'%%')
+        check_format('%s',
+                     b'%%s')
+        check_format('[%]',
+                     b'[%%]')
+        check_format('%abc',
+                     b'%%%s', b'abc')
+
+        # truncated string
+        check_format('abc',
+                     b'%.3s', b'abcdef')
+        check_format('abc[\ufffd',
+                     b'%.5s', 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+        check_format("'\\u20acABC'",
+                     b'%A', '\u20acABC')
+        check_format("'\\u20",
+                     b'%.5A', '\u20acABCDEF')
+        check_format("'\u20acABC'",
+                     b'%R', '\u20acABC')
+        check_format("'\u20acA",
+                     b'%.3R', '\u20acABCDEF')
+        check_format('\u20acAB',
+                     b'%.3S', '\u20acABCDEF')
+        check_format('\u20acAB',
+                     b'%.3U', '\u20acABCDEF')
+        check_format('\u20acAB',
+                     b'%.3V', '\u20acABCDEF', None)
+        check_format('abc[\ufffd',
+                     b'%.5V', None, 'abc[\u20ac]'.encode('utf8'))
+
+        # following tests comes from #7330
+        # test width modifier and precision modifier with %S
+        check_format("repr=  abc",
+                     b'repr=%5S', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr=ab",
+                     b'repr=%.2S', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr=   ab",
+                     b'repr=%5.2S', 'abc')
+
+        # test width modifier and precision modifier with %R
+        check_format("repr=   'abc'",
+                     b'repr=%8R', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr='ab",
+                     b'repr=%.3R', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr=  'ab",
+                     b'repr=%5.3R', 'abc')
+
+        # test width modifier and precision modifier with %A
+        check_format("repr=   'abc'",
+                     b'repr=%8A', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr='ab",
+                     b'repr=%.3A', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr=  'ab",
+                     b'repr=%5.3A', 'abc')
+
+        # test width modifier and precision modifier with %s
+        check_format("repr=  abc",
+                     b'repr=%5s', b'abc')
+        check_format("repr=ab",
+                     b'repr=%.2s', b'abc')
+        check_format("repr=   ab",
+                     b'repr=%5.2s', b'abc')
+
+        # test width modifier and precision modifier with %U
+        check_format("repr=  abc",
+                     b'repr=%5U', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr=ab",
+                     b'repr=%.2U', 'abc')
+        check_format("repr=   ab",
+                     b'repr=%5.2U', 'abc')
+
+        # test width modifier and precision modifier with %V
+        check_format("repr=  abc",
+                     b'repr=%5V', 'abc', b'123')
+        check_format("repr=ab",
+                     b'repr=%.2V', 'abc', b'123')
+        check_format("repr=   ab",
+                     b'repr=%5.2V', 'abc', b'123')
+        check_format("repr=  123",
+                     b'repr=%5V', None, b'123')
+        check_format("repr=12",
+                     b'repr=%.2V', None, b'123')
+        check_format("repr=   12",
+                     b'repr=%5.2V', None, b'123')
 
         # test integer formats (%i, %d, %u)
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%03i', c_int(10)), '010')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%0.4i', c_int(10)), '0010')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%i', c_int(-123)), '-123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%li', c_long(-123)), '-123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%lli', c_longlong(-123)), '-123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%zi', c_ssize_t(-123)), '-123')
-
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%d', c_int(-123)), '-123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%ld', c_long(-123)), '-123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%lld', c_longlong(-123)), '-123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%zd', c_ssize_t(-123)), '-123')
-
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%u', c_uint(123)), '123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%lu', c_ulong(123)), '123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%llu', c_ulonglong(123)), '123')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%zu', c_size_t(123)), '123')
+        check_format('010',
+                     b'%03i', c_int(10))
+        check_format('0010',
+                     b'%0.4i', c_int(10))
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%i', c_int(-123))
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%li', c_long(-123))
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%lli', c_longlong(-123))
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%zi', c_ssize_t(-123))
+
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%d', c_int(-123))
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%ld', c_long(-123))
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%lld', c_longlong(-123))
+        check_format('-123',
+                     b'%zd', c_ssize_t(-123))
+
+        check_format('123',
+                     b'%u', c_uint(123))
+        check_format('123',
+                     b'%lu', c_ulong(123))
+        check_format('123',
+                     b'%llu', c_ulonglong(123))
+        check_format('123',
+                     b'%zu', c_size_t(123))
+
+        # test long output
+        min_longlong = -(2 ** (8 * sizeof(c_longlong) - 1))
+        max_longlong = -min_longlong - 1
+        check_format(str(min_longlong),
+                     b'%lld', c_longlong(min_longlong))
+        check_format(str(max_longlong),
+                     b'%lld', c_longlong(max_longlong))
+        max_ulonglong = 2 ** (8 * sizeof(c_ulonglong)) - 1
+        check_format(str(max_ulonglong),
+                     b'%llu', c_ulonglong(max_ulonglong))
+        PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%p', c_void_p(-1))
+
+        # test padding (width and/or precision)
+        check_format('123'.rjust(10, '0'),
+                     b'%010i', c_int(123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(100),
+                     b'%100i', c_int(123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(100, '0'),
+                     b'%.100i', c_int(123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(80, '0').rjust(100),
+                     b'%100.80i', c_int(123))
+
+        check_format('123'.rjust(10, '0'),
+                     b'%010u', c_uint(123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(100),
+                     b'%100u', c_uint(123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(100, '0'),
+                     b'%.100u', c_uint(123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(80, '0').rjust(100),
+                     b'%100.80u', c_uint(123))
+
+        check_format('123'.rjust(10, '0'),
+                     b'%010x', c_int(0x123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(100),
+                     b'%100x', c_int(0x123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(100, '0'),
+                     b'%.100x', c_int(0x123))
+        check_format('123'.rjust(80, '0').rjust(100),
+                     b'%100.80x', c_int(0x123))
 
         # test %A
-        text = PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%%A:%A', 'abc\xe9\uabcd\U0010ffff')
-        self.assertEqual(text, r"%A:'abc\xe9\uabcd\U0010ffff'")
+        check_format(r"%A:'abc\xe9\uabcd\U0010ffff'",
+                     b'%%A:%A', 'abc\xe9\uabcd\U0010ffff')
 
         # test %V
-        text = PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'repr=%V', 'abc', b'xyz')
-        self.assertEqual(text, 'repr=abc')
+        check_format('repr=abc',
+                     b'repr=%V', 'abc', b'xyz')
 
         # Test string decode from parameter of %s using utf-8.
         # b'\xe4\xba\xba\xe6\xb0\x91' is utf-8 encoded byte sequence of
         # '\u4eba\u6c11'
-        text = PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'repr=%V', None, b'\xe4\xba\xba\xe6\xb0\x91')
-        self.assertEqual(text, 'repr=\u4eba\u6c11')
+        check_format('repr=\u4eba\u6c11',
+                     b'repr=%V', None, b'\xe4\xba\xba\xe6\xb0\x91')
 
         #Test replace error handler.
-        text = PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'repr=%V', None, b'abc\xff')
-        self.assertEqual(text, 'repr=abc\ufffd')
+        check_format('repr=abc\ufffd',
+                     b'repr=%V', None, b'abc\xff')
 
         # not supported: copy the raw format string. these tests are just here
         # to check for crashs and should not be considered as specifications
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%1%s', b'abc'), '%s')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%1abc'), '%1abc')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%+i', c_int(10)), '%+i')
-        self.assertEqual(PyUnicode_FromFormat(b'%.%s', b'abc'), '%.%s')
+        check_format('%s',
+                     b'%1%s', b'abc')
+        check_format('%1abc',
+                     b'%1abc')
+        check_format('%+i',
+                     b'%+i', c_int(10))
+        check_format('%.%s',
+                     b'%.%s', b'abc')
 
     # Test PyUnicode_AsWideChar()
     @support.cpython_only
@@ -2220,6 +2445,80 @@ class UnicodeTest(string_tests.CommonTest,
                 self.assertNotEqual(abc, abcdef)
                 self.assertEqual(abcdef.decode('unicode_internal'), text)
 
+    def test_compare(self):
+        # Issue #17615
+        N = 10
+        ascii = 'a' * N
+        ascii2 = 'z' * N
+        latin = '\x80' * N
+        latin2 = '\xff' * N
+        bmp = '\u0100' * N
+        bmp2 = '\uffff' * N
+        astral = '\U00100000' * N
+        astral2 = '\U0010ffff' * N
+        strings = (
+            ascii, ascii2,
+            latin, latin2,
+            bmp, bmp2,
+            astral, astral2)
+        for text1, text2 in itertools.combinations(strings, 2):
+            equal = (text1 is text2)
+            self.assertEqual(text1 == text2, equal)
+            self.assertEqual(text1 != text2, not equal)
+
+            if equal:
+                self.assertTrue(text1 <= text2)
+                self.assertTrue(text1 >= text2)
+
+                # text1 is text2: duplicate strings to skip the "str1 == str2"
+                # optimization in unicode_compare_eq() and really compare
+                # character per character
+                copy1 = duplicate_string(text1)
+                copy2 = duplicate_string(text2)
+                self.assertIsNot(copy1, copy2)
+
+                self.assertTrue(copy1 == copy2)
+                self.assertFalse(copy1 != copy2)
+
+                self.assertTrue(copy1 <= copy2)
+                self.assertTrue(copy2 >= copy2)
+
+        self.assertTrue(ascii < ascii2)
+        self.assertTrue(ascii < latin)
+        self.assertTrue(ascii < bmp)
+        self.assertTrue(ascii < astral)
+        self.assertFalse(ascii >= ascii2)
+        self.assertFalse(ascii >= latin)
+        self.assertFalse(ascii >= bmp)
+        self.assertFalse(ascii >= astral)
+
+        self.assertFalse(latin < ascii)
+        self.assertTrue(latin < latin2)
+        self.assertTrue(latin < bmp)
+        self.assertTrue(latin < astral)
+        self.assertTrue(latin >= ascii)
+        self.assertFalse(latin >= latin2)
+        self.assertFalse(latin >= bmp)
+        self.assertFalse(latin >= astral)
+
+        self.assertFalse(bmp < ascii)
+        self.assertFalse(bmp < latin)
+        self.assertTrue(bmp < bmp2)
+        self.assertTrue(bmp < astral)
+        self.assertTrue(bmp >= ascii)
+        self.assertTrue(bmp >= latin)
+        self.assertFalse(bmp >= bmp2)
+        self.assertFalse(bmp >= astral)
+
+        self.assertFalse(astral < ascii)
+        self.assertFalse(astral < latin)
+        self.assertFalse(astral < bmp2)
+        self.assertTrue(astral < astral2)
+        self.assertTrue(astral >= ascii)
+        self.assertTrue(astral >= latin)
+        self.assertTrue(astral >= bmp2)
+        self.assertFalse(astral >= astral2)
+
 
 class StringModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_formatter_parser(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py b/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py
index 99aa0033cd..707b30e50c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unicodedata.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ errors = 'surrogatepass'
 class UnicodeMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     # update this, if the database changes
-    expectedchecksum = 'bf7a78f1a532421b5033600102e23a92044dbba9'
+    expectedchecksum = 'e74e878de71b6e780ffac271785c3cb58f6251f3'
 
     def test_method_checksum(self):
         h = hashlib.sha1()
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class UnicodeDatabaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
 class UnicodeFunctionsTest(UnicodeDatabaseTest):
 
     # update this, if the database changes
-    expectedchecksum = '17fe2f12b788e4fff5479b469c4404bb6ecf841f'
+    expectedchecksum = 'f0b74d26776331cc7bdc3a4698f037d73f2cee2b'
     def test_function_checksum(self):
         data = []
         h = hashlib.sha1()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllib.py b/Lib/test/test_urllib.py
index 2dec4e9f88..1a40566620 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllib.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
 from base64 import b64encode
 import collections
 
+
 def hexescape(char):
     """Escape char as RFC 2396 specifies"""
     hex_repr = hex(ord(char))[2:].upper()
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ class urlopen_HttpTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeHTTPMixin):
         self.check_read(b"1.1")
 
     def test_read_bogus(self):
-        # urlopen() should raise IOError for many error codes.
+        # urlopen() should raise OSError for many error codes.
         self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 401 Authentication Required
 Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
 Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
@@ -246,12 +247,12 @@ Connection: close
 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
 ''')
         try:
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, urlopen, "http://python.org/")
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, urlopen, "http://python.org/")
         finally:
             self.unfakehttp()
 
     def test_invalid_redirect(self):
-        # urlopen() should raise IOError for many error codes.
+        # urlopen() should raise OSError for many error codes.
         self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 302 Found
 Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
 Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
@@ -266,19 +267,20 @@ Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
             self.unfakehttp()
 
     def test_empty_socket(self):
-        # urlopen() raises IOError if the underlying socket does not send any
+        # urlopen() raises OSError if the underlying socket does not send any
         # data. (#1680230)
         self.fakehttp(b'')
         try:
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, urlopen, "http://something")
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, urlopen, "http://something")
         finally:
             self.unfakehttp()
 
     def test_missing_localfile(self):
         # Test for #10836
-        # 3.3 - URLError is not captured, explicit IOError is raised.
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError) as e:
             urlopen('file://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
+        self.assertTrue(e.exception.filename)
+        self.assertTrue(e.exception.reason)
 
     def test_file_notexists(self):
         fd, tmp_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
@@ -291,20 +293,21 @@ Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
             os.close(fd)
             os.unlink(tmp_file)
         self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(tmp_file))
-        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError):
             urlopen(tmp_fileurl)
 
     def test_ftp_nohost(self):
         test_ftp_url = 'ftp:///path'
-        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError) as e:
             urlopen(test_ftp_url)
+        self.assertFalse(e.exception.filename)
+        self.assertTrue(e.exception.reason)
 
     def test_ftp_nonexisting(self):
-        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
-        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError) as e:
             urlopen('ftp://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
+        self.assertFalse(e.exception.filename)
+        self.assertTrue(e.exception.reason)
 
 
     def test_userpass_inurl(self):
@@ -341,6 +344,79 @@ Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
         with support.check_warnings(('',DeprecationWarning)):
             urllib.request.URLopener()
 
+class urlopen_DataTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test urlopen() opening a data URL."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # text containing URL special- and unicode-characters
+        self.text = "test data URLs :;,%=& \u00f6 \u00c4 "
+        # 2x1 pixel RGB PNG image with one black and one white pixel
+        self.image = (
+            b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n\x00\x00\x00\rIHDR\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00'
+            b'\x01\x08\x02\x00\x00\x00{@\xe8\xdd\x00\x00\x00\x01sRGB\x00\xae'
+            b'\xce\x1c\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x0fIDAT\x08\xd7c```\xf8\xff\xff?\x00'
+            b'\x06\x01\x02\xfe\no/\x1e\x00\x00\x00\x00IEND\xaeB`\x82')
+
+        self.text_url = (
+            "data:text/plain;charset=UTF-8,test%20data%20URLs%20%3A%3B%2C%25%3"
+            "D%26%20%C3%B6%20%C3%84%20")
+        self.text_url_base64 = (
+            "data:text/plain;charset=ISO-8859-1;base64,dGVzdCBkYXRhIFVSTHMgOjs"
+            "sJT0mIPYgxCA%3D")
+        # base64 encoded data URL that contains ignorable spaces,
+        # such as "\n", " ", "%0A", and "%20".
+        self.image_url = (
+            "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAIAAAB7\n"
+            "QOjdAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAA9JREFUCNdj%0AYGBg%2BP//PwAGAQL%2BCm8 "
+            "vHgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg%3D%3D%0A%20")
+
+        self.text_url_resp = urllib.request.urlopen(self.text_url)
+        self.text_url_base64_resp = urllib.request.urlopen(
+            self.text_url_base64)
+        self.image_url_resp = urllib.request.urlopen(self.image_url)
+
+    def test_interface(self):
+        # Make sure object returned by urlopen() has the specified methods
+        for attr in ("read", "readline", "readlines",
+                     "close", "info", "geturl", "getcode", "__iter__"):
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.text_url_resp, attr),
+                         "object returned by urlopen() lacks %s attribute" %
+                         attr)
+
+    def test_info(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.text_url_resp.info(), email.message.Message)
+        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_base64_resp.info().get_params(),
+            [('text/plain', ''), ('charset', 'ISO-8859-1')])
+        self.assertEqual(self.image_url_resp.info()['content-length'],
+            str(len(self.image)))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib.request.urlopen("data:,").info().get_params(),
+            [('text/plain', ''), ('charset', 'US-ASCII')])
+
+    def test_geturl(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_resp.geturl(), self.text_url)
+        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_base64_resp.geturl(),
+            self.text_url_base64)
+        self.assertEqual(self.image_url_resp.geturl(), self.image_url)
+
+    def test_read_text(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_resp.read().decode(
+            dict(self.text_url_resp.info().get_params())['charset']), self.text)
+
+    def test_read_text_base64(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_base64_resp.read().decode(
+            dict(self.text_url_base64_resp.info().get_params())['charset']),
+            self.text)
+
+    def test_read_image(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.image_url_resp.read(), self.image)
+
+    def test_missing_comma(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,urllib.request.urlopen,'data:text/plain')
+
+    def test_invalid_base64_data(self):
+        # missing padding character
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,urllib.request.urlopen,'data:;base64,Cg=')
+
 class urlretrieve_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Test urllib.urlretrieve() on local files"""
 
@@ -1291,6 +1367,7 @@ class URLopener_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
 #         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
 #         ftp.close()
 
+
 class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Unit tests for urllib.request.Request."""
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py b/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py
index 3559b1b789..b32b4090e8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllib2.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import urllib.request
 # The proxy bypass method imported below has logic specific to the OSX
 # proxy config data structure but is testable on all platforms.
 from urllib.request import Request, OpenerDirector, _proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 import urllib.error
 
 # XXX
@@ -118,6 +119,15 @@ class RequestHdrsTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(req.get_header("Not-there"))
         self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Not-there", "default"), "default")
 
+        req.remove_header("Spam-eggs")
+        self.assertFalse(req.has_header("Spam-eggs"))
+
+        req.add_unredirected_header("Unredirected-spam", "Eggs")
+        self.assertTrue(req.has_header("Unredirected-spam"))
+
+        req.remove_header("Unredirected-spam")
+        self.assertFalse(req.has_header("Unredirected-spam"))
+
 
     def test_password_manager(self):
         mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgr()
@@ -311,8 +321,7 @@ class MockHTTPClass:
         if body:
             self.data = body
         if self.raise_on_endheaders:
-            import socket
-            raise socket.error()
+            raise OSError()
     def getresponse(self):
         return MockHTTPResponse(MockFile(), {}, 200, "OK")
 
@@ -597,27 +606,6 @@ class OpenerDirectorTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 if args[1] is not None:
                     self.assertIsInstance(args[1], MockResponse)
 
-    def test_method_deprecations(self):
-        req = Request("http://www.example.com")
-
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.add_data("data")
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.get_data()
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.has_data()
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.get_host()
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.get_selector()
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.is_unverifiable()
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.get_origin_req_host()
-        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            req.get_type()
-
-
 def sanepathname2url(path):
     try:
         path.encode("utf-8")
@@ -812,7 +800,7 @@ class HandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
                               ("Foo", "bar"), ("Spam", "eggs")])
             self.assertEqual(http.data, data)
 
-        # check socket.error converted to URLError
+        # check OSError converted to URLError
         http.raise_on_endheaders = True
         self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError, h.do_open, http, req)
 
@@ -917,6 +905,36 @@ class HandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             p_ds_req = h.do_request_(ds_req)
             self.assertEqual(p_ds_req.unredirected_hdrs["Host"],"example.com")
 
+    def test_full_url_setter(self):
+        # Checks to ensure that components are set correctly after setting the
+        # full_url of a Request object
+
+        urls = [
+            'http://example.com?foo=bar#baz',
+            'http://example.com?foo=bar&spam=eggs#bash',
+            'http://example.com',
+        ]
+
+        # testing a reusable request instance, but the url parameter is
+        # required, so just use a dummy one to instantiate
+        r = Request('http://example.com')
+        for url in urls:
+            r.full_url = url
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+
+            self.assertEqual(r.get_full_url(), url)
+            # full_url setter uses splittag to split into components.
+            # splittag sets the fragment as None while urlparse sets it to ''
+            self.assertEqual(r.fragment or '', parsed.fragment)
+            self.assertEqual(urlparse(r.get_full_url()).query, parsed.query)
+
+    def test_full_url_deleter(self):
+        r = Request('http://www.example.com')
+        del r.full_url
+        self.assertIsNone(r.full_url)
+        self.assertIsNone(r.fragment)
+        self.assertEqual(r.selector, '')
+
     def test_fixpath_in_weirdurls(self):
         # Issue4493: urllib2 to supply '/' when to urls where path does not
         # start with'/'
@@ -1417,6 +1435,21 @@ class MiscTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.opener_has_handler(o, MyHTTPHandler)
         self.opener_has_handler(o, MyOtherHTTPHandler)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(support.is_resource_enabled('network'),
+                         'test requires network access')
+    def test_issue16464(self):
+        opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
+        request = urllib.request.Request("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/")
+        self.assertEqual(None, request.data)
+
+        opener.open(request, "1".encode("us-ascii"))
+        self.assertEqual(b"1", request.data)
+        self.assertEqual("1", request.get_header("Content-length"))
+
+        opener.open(request, "1234567890".encode("us-ascii"))
+        self.assertEqual(b"1234567890", request.data)
+        self.assertEqual("10", request.get_header("Content-length"))
+
     def test_HTTPError_interface(self):
         """
         Issue 13211 reveals that HTTPError didn't implement the URLError
@@ -1428,23 +1461,31 @@ class MiscTests(unittest.TestCase):
         err = urllib.error.HTTPError(url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(err, 'reason'))
         self.assertEqual(err.reason, 'something bad happened')
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(err, 'hdrs'))
-        self.assertEqual(err.hdrs, 'Content-Length: 42')
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(err, 'headers'))
+        self.assertEqual(err.headers, 'Content-Length: 42')
         expected_errmsg = 'HTTP Error %s: %s' % (err.code, err.msg)
         self.assertEqual(str(err), expected_errmsg)
 
-
 class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    class PutRequest(Request):
+        method='PUT'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.get = Request("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/")
         self.post = Request("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/",
                             "data",
                             headers={"X-Test": "test"})
+        self.head = Request("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/", method='HEAD')
+        self.put = self.PutRequest("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/")
+        self.force_post = self.PutRequest("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/",
+            method="POST")
 
     def test_method(self):
         self.assertEqual("POST", self.post.get_method())
         self.assertEqual("GET", self.get.get_method())
+        self.assertEqual("HEAD", self.head.get_method())
+        self.assertEqual("PUT", self.put.get_method())
+        self.assertEqual("POST", self.force_post.get_method())
 
     def test_data(self):
         self.assertFalse(self.get.data)
@@ -1453,6 +1494,25 @@ class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(self.get.data)
         self.assertEqual("POST", self.get.get_method())
 
+    # issue 16464
+    # if we change data we need to remove content-length header
+    # (cause it's most probably calculated for previous value)
+    def test_setting_data_should_remove_content_length(self):
+        self.assertNotIn("Content-length", self.get.unredirected_hdrs)
+        self.get.add_unredirected_header("Content-length", 42)
+        self.assertEqual(42, self.get.unredirected_hdrs["Content-length"])
+        self.get.data = "spam"
+        self.assertNotIn("Content-length", self.get.unredirected_hdrs)
+
+    # issue 17485 same for deleting data.
+    def test_deleting_data_should_remove_content_length(self):
+        self.assertNotIn("Content-length", self.get.unredirected_hdrs)
+        self.get.data = 'foo'
+        self.get.add_unredirected_header("Content-length", 3)
+        self.assertEqual(3, self.get.unredirected_hdrs["Content-length"])
+        del self.get.data
+        self.assertNotIn("Content-length", self.get.unredirected_hdrs)
+
     def test_get_full_url(self):
         self.assertEqual("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/",
                          self.get.get_full_url())
@@ -1494,21 +1554,13 @@ class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request(url)
         self.assertEqual(req.get_full_url(), url)
 
-    def test_HTTPError_interface_call(self):
-        """
-        Issue 15701 - HTTPError interface has info method available from URLError
-        """
-        err = urllib.request.HTTPError(msg="something bad happened", url=None,
-                                code=None, hdrs='Content-Length:42', fp=None)
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(err, 'reason'))
-        assert hasattr(err, 'reason')
-        assert hasattr(err, 'info')
-        assert callable(err.info)
-        try:
-            err.info()
-        except AttributeError:
-            self.fail('err.info call failed.')
-        self.assertEqual(err.info(), "Content-Length:42")
+    def test_url_fullurl_get_full_url(self):
+        urls = ['http://docs.python.org',
+                'http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html#OK',
+                'http://www.python.org/?qs=query#fragment=true' ]
+        for url in urls:
+            req = Request(url)
+            self.assertEqual(req.get_full_url(), req.full_url)
 
 def test_main(verbose=None):
     from test import test_urllib2
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllib2_localnet.py b/Lib/test/test_urllib2_localnet.py
index 31c638fc4e..83626f4fd3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllib2_localnet.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllib2_localnet.py
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ import unittest
 import hashlib
 from test import support
 threading = support.import_module('threading')
-
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
 
 here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 # Self-signed cert file for 'localhost'
@@ -15,6 +18,7 @@ CERT_localhost = os.path.join(here, 'keycert.pem')
 # Self-signed cert file for 'fakehostname'
 CERT_fakehostname = os.path.join(here, 'keycert2.pem')
 
+
 # Loopback http server infrastructure
 
 class LoopbackHttpServer(http.server.HTTPServer):
@@ -387,14 +391,14 @@ class TestUrlopen(unittest.TestCase):
         handler.port = port
         return handler
 
-    def start_https_server(self, responses=None, certfile=CERT_localhost):
+    def start_https_server(self, responses=None, **kwargs):
         if not hasattr(urllib.request, 'HTTPSHandler'):
             self.skipTest('ssl support required')
         from test.ssl_servers import make_https_server
         if responses is None:
             responses = [(200, [], b"we care a bit")]
         handler = GetRequestHandler(responses)
-        server = make_https_server(self, certfile=certfile, handler_class=handler)
+        server = make_https_server(self, handler_class=handler, **kwargs)
         handler.port = server.port
         return handler
 
@@ -484,6 +488,21 @@ class TestUrlopen(unittest.TestCase):
             self.urlopen("https://localhost:%s/bizarre" % handler.port,
                          cadefault=True)
 
+    def test_https_sni(self):
+        if ssl is None:
+            self.skipTest("ssl module required")
+        if not ssl.HAS_SNI:
+            self.skipTest("SNI support required in OpenSSL")
+        sni_name = None
+        def cb_sni(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
+            nonlocal sni_name
+            sni_name = server_name
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+        context.set_servername_callback(cb_sni)
+        handler = self.start_https_server(context=context, certfile=CERT_localhost)
+        self.urlopen("https://localhost:%s" % handler.port)
+        self.assertEqual(sni_name, "localhost")
+
     def test_sending_headers(self):
         handler = self.start_server()
         req = urllib.request.Request("http://localhost:%s/" % handler.port,
@@ -530,7 +549,7 @@ class TestUrlopen(unittest.TestCase):
         # so we run the test only when -unetwork/-uall is specified to
         # mitigate the problem a bit (see #17564)
         support.requires('network')
-        self.assertRaises(IOError,
+        self.assertRaises(OSError,
                           # Given that both VeriSign and various ISPs have in
                           # the past or are presently hijacking various invalid
                           # domain name requests in an attempt to boost traffic
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllib2net.py b/Lib/test/test_urllib2net.py
index 4981c2410b..78891fd797 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllib2net.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllib2net.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     ssl = None
 
+support.requires("network")
+
 TIMEOUT = 60  # seconds
 
 
@@ -162,6 +164,14 @@ class OtherNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(res.geturl(),
                     "http://docs.python.org/2/glossary.html#glossary")
 
+    def test_redirect_url_withfrag(self):
+        redirect_url_with_frag = "http://bitly.com/urllibredirecttest"
+        with support.transient_internet(redirect_url_with_frag):
+            req = urllib.request.Request(redirect_url_with_frag)
+            res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
+            self.assertEqual(res.geturl(),
+                    "http://docs.python.org/3.4/glossary.html#term-global-interpreter-lock")
+
     def test_custom_headers(self):
         url = "http://www.example.com"
         with support.transient_internet(url):
@@ -214,7 +224,7 @@ class OtherNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 debug(url)
                 try:
                     f = urlopen(url, req, TIMEOUT)
-                except EnvironmentError as err:
+                except OSError as err:
                     debug(err)
                     if expected_err:
                         msg = ("Didn't get expected error(s) %s for %s %s, got %s: %s" %
@@ -328,35 +338,5 @@ class TimeoutTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(u.fp.fp.raw._sock.gettimeout(), 60)
 
 
-@unittest.skipUnless(ssl, "requires SSL support")
-class HTTPSTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def test_sni(self):
-        self.skipTest("test disabled - test server needed")
-        # Checks that Server Name Indication works, if supported by the
-        # OpenSSL linked to.
-        # The ssl module itself doesn't have server-side support for SNI,
-        # so we rely on a third-party test site.
-        expect_sni = ssl.HAS_SNI
-        with support.transient_internet("XXX"):
-            u = urllib.request.urlopen("XXX")
-            contents = u.readall()
-            if expect_sni:
-                self.assertIn(b"Great", contents)
-                self.assertNotIn(b"Unfortunately", contents)
-            else:
-                self.assertNotIn(b"Great", contents)
-                self.assertIn(b"Unfortunately", contents)
-
-
-def test_main():
-    support.requires("network")
-    support.run_unittest(AuthTests,
-                         HTTPSTests,
-                         OtherNetworkTests,
-                         CloseSocketTest,
-                         TimeoutTest,
-                         )
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py b/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py
index 38afb69250..4da89fcaaa 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py
@@ -121,16 +121,15 @@ class urlopenNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
         else:
             # This happens with some overzealous DNS providers such as OpenDNS
             self.skipTest("%r should not resolve for test to work" % bogus_domain)
-        self.assertRaises(IOError,
-                          # SF patch 809915:  In Sep 2003, VeriSign started
-                          # highjacking invalid .com and .net addresses to
-                          # boost traffic to their own site.  This test
-                          # started failing then.  One hopes the .invalid
-                          # domain will be spared to serve its defined
-                          # purpose.
-                          # urllib.urlopen, "http://www.sadflkjsasadf.com/")
-                          urllib.request.urlopen,
-                          "http://sadflkjsasf.i.nvali.d/")
+        failure_explanation = ('opening an invalid URL did not raise OSError; '
+                               'can be caused by a broken DNS server '
+                               '(e.g. returns 404 or hijacks page)')
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError, msg=failure_explanation):
+            # SF patch 809915:  In Sep 2003, VeriSign started highjacking
+            # invalid .com and .net addresses to boost traffic to their own
+            # site.  This test started failing then.  One hopes the .invalid
+            # domain will be spared to serve its defined purpose.
+            urllib.request.urlopen("http://sadflkjsasf.i.nvali.d/")
 
 
 class urlretrieveNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
index d67cf258b0..393481148d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
@@ -863,6 +863,14 @@ class UrlParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(p1.path, '863-1234')
         self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=+1-914-555')
 
+    def test_unwrap(self):
+        url = urllib.parse.unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>')
+        self.assertEqual(url, 'type://host/path')
+
+    def test_Quoter_repr(self):
+        quoter = urllib.parse.Quoter(urllib.parse._ALWAYS_SAFE)
+        self.assertIn('Quoter', repr(quoter))
+
 
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(UrlParseTestCase)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_userdict.py b/Lib/test/test_userdict.py
index 137c445eae..2ca99298d4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_userdict.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_userdict.py
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ class UserDictTest(mapping_tests.TestHashMappingProtocol):
         # Test __repr__
         self.assertEqual(str(u0), str(d0))
         self.assertEqual(repr(u1), repr(d1))
-        self.assertEqual(repr(u2), repr(d2))
+        self.assertIn(repr(u2), ("{'one': 1, 'two': 2}",
+                                 "{'two': 2, 'one': 1}"))
 
         # Test rich comparison and __len__
         all = [d0, d1, d2, u, u0, u1, u2, uu, uu0, uu1, uu2]
@@ -89,9 +90,9 @@ class UserDictTest(mapping_tests.TestHashMappingProtocol):
         self.assertNotEqual(m2a, m2)
 
         # Test keys, items, values
-        self.assertEqual(u2.keys(), d2.keys())
-        self.assertEqual(u2.items(), d2.items())
-        self.assertEqual(list(u2.values()), list(d2.values()))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(u2.keys()), sorted(d2.keys()))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(u2.items()), sorted(d2.items()))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(u2.values()), sorted(d2.values()))
 
         # Test "in".
         for i in u2.keys():
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_venv.py b/Lib/test/test_venv.py
index 0fae88bcf9..1084a99a5e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_venv.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_venv.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Vinay Sajip.
 Licensed to the PSF under a contributor agreement.
 """
 
+import ensurepip
 import os
 import os.path
 import shutil
@@ -12,10 +13,28 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from test.support import (captured_stdout, captured_stderr, run_unittest,
-                          can_symlink)
+                          can_symlink, EnvironmentVarGuard)
+import textwrap
 import unittest
 import venv
 
+# pip currently requires ssl support, so we ensure we handle
+# it being missing (http://bugs.python.org/issue19744)
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
+
+skipInVenv = unittest.skipIf(sys.prefix != sys.base_prefix,
+                             'Test not appropriate in a venv')
+
+# os.path.exists('nul') is False: http://bugs.python.org/issue20541
+if os.devnull.lower() == 'nul':
+    failsOnWindows = unittest.expectedFailure
+else:
+    def failsOnWindows(f):
+        return f
+
 class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """Base class for venv tests."""
 
@@ -83,8 +102,7 @@ class BasicTest(BaseTest):
             print('    %r' % os.listdir(bd))
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(fn), 'File %r should exist.' % fn)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.prefix != sys.base_prefix, 'Test not appropriate '
-                     'in a venv')
+    @skipInVenv
     def test_prefixes(self):
         """
         Test that the prefix values are as expected.
@@ -109,13 +127,68 @@ class BasicTest(BaseTest):
             out, err = p.communicate()
             self.assertEqual(out.strip(), expected.encode())
 
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        ENV_SUBDIRS = (
+            ('Scripts',),
+            ('Include',),
+            ('Lib',),
+            ('Lib', 'site-packages'),
+        )
+    else:
+        ENV_SUBDIRS = (
+            ('bin',),
+            ('include',),
+            ('lib',),
+            ('lib', 'python%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]),
+            ('lib', 'python%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2], 'site-packages'),
+        )
+
+    def create_contents(self, paths, filename):
+        """
+        Create some files in the environment which are unrelated
+        to the virtual environment.
+        """
+        for subdirs in paths:
+            d = os.path.join(self.env_dir, *subdirs)
+            os.mkdir(d)
+            fn = os.path.join(d, filename)
+            with open(fn, 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(b'Still here?')
+
     def test_overwrite_existing(self):
         """
-        Test control of overwriting an existing environment directory.
+        Test creating environment in an existing directory.
         """
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, venv.create, self.env_dir)
+        self.create_contents(self.ENV_SUBDIRS, 'foo')
+        venv.create(self.env_dir)
+        for subdirs in self.ENV_SUBDIRS:
+            fn = os.path.join(self.env_dir, *(subdirs + ('foo',)))
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(fn))
+            with open(fn, 'rb') as f:
+                self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'Still here?')
+
         builder = venv.EnvBuilder(clear=True)
         builder.create(self.env_dir)
+        for subdirs in self.ENV_SUBDIRS:
+            fn = os.path.join(self.env_dir, *(subdirs + ('foo',)))
+            self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(fn))
+
+    def clear_directory(self, path):
+        for fn in os.listdir(path):
+            fn = os.path.join(path, fn)
+            if os.path.islink(fn) or os.path.isfile(fn):
+                os.remove(fn)
+            elif os.path.isdir(fn):
+                shutil.rmtree(fn)
+
+    def test_unoverwritable_fails(self):
+        #create a file clashing with directories in the env dir
+        for paths in self.ENV_SUBDIRS[:3]:
+            fn = os.path.join(self.env_dir, *paths)
+            with open(fn, 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(b'')
+            self.assertRaises((ValueError, OSError), venv.create, self.env_dir)
+            self.clear_directory(self.env_dir)
 
     def test_upgrade(self):
         """
@@ -162,8 +235,7 @@ class BasicTest(BaseTest):
     # run the test, the pyvenv.cfg in the venv created in the test will
     # point to the venv being used to run the test, and we lose the link
     # to the source build - so Python can't initialise properly.
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.prefix != sys.base_prefix, 'Test not appropriate '
-                     'in a venv')
+    @skipInVenv
     def test_executable(self):
         """
         Test that the sys.executable value is as expected.
@@ -192,8 +264,129 @@ class BasicTest(BaseTest):
         out, err = p.communicate()
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), envpy.encode())
 
+
+@skipInVenv
+class EnsurePipTest(BaseTest):
+    """Test venv module installation of pip."""
+    def assert_pip_not_installed(self):
+        envpy = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(self.env_dir),
+                             self.bindir, self.exe)
+        try_import = 'try:\n import pip\nexcept ImportError:\n print("OK")'
+        cmd = [envpy, '-c', try_import]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+        # We force everything to text, so unittest gives the detailed diff
+        # if we get unexpected results
+        err = err.decode("latin-1") # Force to text, prevent decoding errors
+        self.assertEqual(err, "")
+        out = out.decode("latin-1") # Force to text, prevent decoding errors
+        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), "OK")
+
+
+    def test_no_pip_by_default(self):
+        shutil.rmtree(self.env_dir)
+        self.run_with_capture(venv.create, self.env_dir)
+        self.assert_pip_not_installed()
+
+    def test_explicit_no_pip(self):
+        shutil.rmtree(self.env_dir)
+        self.run_with_capture(venv.create, self.env_dir, with_pip=False)
+        self.assert_pip_not_installed()
+
+    @failsOnWindows
+    def test_devnull_exists_and_is_empty(self):
+        # Fix for issue #20053 uses os.devnull to force a config file to
+        # appear empty. However http://bugs.python.org/issue20541 means
+        # that doesn't currently work properly on Windows. Once that is
+        # fixed, the "win_location" part of test_with_pip should be restored
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.devnull))
+        with open(os.devnull, "rb") as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b"")
+
+    # Requesting pip fails without SSL (http://bugs.python.org/issue19744)
+    @unittest.skipIf(ssl is None, ensurepip._MISSING_SSL_MESSAGE)
+    def test_with_pip(self):
+        shutil.rmtree(self.env_dir)
+        with EnvironmentVarGuard() as envvars:
+            # pip's cross-version compatibility may trigger deprecation
+            # warnings in current versions of Python. Ensure related
+            # environment settings don't cause venv to fail.
+            envvars["PYTHONWARNINGS"] = "e"
+            # ensurepip is different enough from a normal pip invocation
+            # that we want to ensure it ignores the normal pip environment
+            # variable settings. We set PIP_NO_INSTALL here specifically
+            # to check that ensurepip (and hence venv) ignores it.
+            # See http://bugs.python.org/issue19734
+            envvars["PIP_NO_INSTALL"] = "1"
+            # Also check that we ignore the pip configuration file
+            # See http://bugs.python.org/issue20053
+            with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as home_dir:
+                envvars["HOME"] = home_dir
+                bad_config = "[global]\nno-install=1"
+                # Write to both config file names on all platforms to reduce
+                # cross-platform variation in test code behaviour
+                win_location = ("pip", "pip.ini")
+                posix_location = (".pip", "pip.conf")
+                # Skips win_location due to http://bugs.python.org/issue20541
+                for dirname, fname in (posix_location,):
+                    dirpath = os.path.join(home_dir, dirname)
+                    os.mkdir(dirpath)
+                    fpath = os.path.join(dirpath, fname)
+                    with open(fpath, 'w') as f:
+                        f.write(bad_config)
+
+                # Actually run the create command with all that unhelpful
+                # config in place to ensure we ignore it
+                try:
+                    self.run_with_capture(venv.create, self.env_dir,
+                                          with_pip=True)
+                except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
+                    # The output this produces can be a little hard to read,
+                    # but at least it has all the details
+                    details = exc.output.decode(errors="replace")
+                    msg = "{}\n\n**Subprocess Output**\n{}"
+                    self.fail(msg.format(exc, details))
+        # Ensure pip is available in the virtual environment
+        envpy = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(self.env_dir), self.bindir, self.exe)
+        cmd = [envpy, '-Im', 'pip', '--version']
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                  stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+        # We force everything to text, so unittest gives the detailed diff
+        # if we get unexpected results
+        err = err.decode("latin-1") # Force to text, prevent decoding errors
+        self.assertEqual(err, "")
+        out = out.decode("latin-1") # Force to text, prevent decoding errors
+        expected_version = "pip {}".format(ensurepip.version())
+        self.assertEqual(out[:len(expected_version)], expected_version)
+        env_dir = os.fsencode(self.env_dir).decode("latin-1")
+        self.assertIn(env_dir, out)
+
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue19728
+        # Check the private uninstall command provided for the Windows
+        # installers works (at least in a virtual environment)
+        cmd = [envpy, '-Im', 'ensurepip._uninstall']
+        with EnvironmentVarGuard() as envvars:
+            p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                      stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            out, err = p.communicate()
+        # We force everything to text, so unittest gives the detailed diff
+        # if we get unexpected results
+        err = err.decode("latin-1") # Force to text, prevent decoding errors
+        self.assertEqual(err, "")
+        # Being fairly specific regarding the expected behaviour for the
+        # initial bundling phase in Python 3.4. If the output changes in
+        # future pip versions, this test can likely be relaxed further.
+        out = out.decode("latin-1") # Force to text, prevent decoding errors
+        self.assertIn("Successfully uninstalled pip", out)
+        self.assertIn("Successfully uninstalled setuptools", out)
+        # Check pip is now gone from the virtual environment
+        self.assert_pip_not_installed()
+
+
 def test_main():
-    run_unittest(BasicTest)
+    run_unittest(BasicTest, EnsurePipTest)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_wait3.py b/Lib/test/test_wait3.py
index bd06c8d8bd..f6a065d850 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_wait3.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_wait3.py
@@ -7,15 +7,11 @@ import unittest
 from test.fork_wait import ForkWait
 from test.support import run_unittest, reap_children
 
-try:
-    os.fork
-except AttributeError:
-    raise unittest.SkipTest("os.fork not defined -- skipping test_wait3")
+if not hasattr(os, 'fork'):
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("os.fork not defined")
 
-try:
-    os.wait3
-except AttributeError:
-    raise unittest.SkipTest("os.wait3 not defined -- skipping test_wait3")
+if not hasattr(os, 'wait3'):
+    raise unittest.SkipTest("os.wait3 not defined")
 
 class Wait3Test(ForkWait):
     def wait_impl(self, cpid):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_warnings.py b/Lib/test/test_warnings.py
index 10076af3aa..eec2c24218 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_warnings.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_warnings.py
@@ -329,6 +329,19 @@ class WarnTests(BaseTest):
             warning_tests.__name__ = module_name
             sys.argv = argv
 
+    def test_warn_explicit_non_ascii_filename(self):
+        with original_warnings.catch_warnings(record=True,
+                module=self.module) as w:
+            self.module.resetwarnings()
+            self.module.filterwarnings("always", category=UserWarning)
+            for filename in ("nonascii\xe9\u20ac", "surrogate\udc80"):
+                try:
+                    os.fsencode(filename)
+                except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                    continue
+                self.module.warn_explicit("text", UserWarning, filename, 1)
+                self.assertEqual(w[-1].filename, filename)
+
     def test_warn_explicit_type_errors(self):
         # warn_explicit() should error out gracefully if it is given objects
         # of the wrong types.
@@ -766,6 +779,25 @@ class BootstrapTest(unittest.TestCase):
             # Use -W to load warnings module at startup
             assert_python_ok('-c', 'pass', '-W', 'always', PYTHONPATH=cwd)
 
+class FinalizationTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_finalization(self):
+        # Issue #19421: warnings.warn() should not crash
+        # during Python finalization
+        code = """
+import warnings
+warn = warnings.warn
+
+class A:
+    def __del__(self):
+        warn("test")
+
+a=A()
+        """
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+        # note: "__main__" filename is not correct, it should be the name
+        # of the script
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'__main__:7: UserWarning: test')
+
 
 def setUpModule():
     py_warnings.onceregistry.clear()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_wave.py b/Lib/test/test_wave.py
index f64201f9fc..3eff773bca 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_wave.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_wave.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from test.support import TESTFN
 import unittest
 from test import audiotests
+from audioop import byteswap
 import sys
 import wave
 
@@ -8,9 +9,6 @@ import wave
 class WaveTest(audiotests.AudioWriteTests,
                audiotests.AudioTestsWithSourceFile):
     module = wave
-    test_unseekable_write = None
-    test_unseekable_overflowed_write = None
-    test_unseekable_incompleted_write = None
 
 
 class WavePCM8Test(WaveTest, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -48,13 +46,7 @@ class WavePCM16Test(WaveTest, unittest.TestCase):
       E4B50CEB 63440A5A 08CA0A1F 2BBA0B0B 51460E47 8BCB113C B6F50EEA 44150A59 \
       """)
     if sys.byteorder != 'big':
-        frames = audiotests.byteswap2(frames)
-
-    if sys.byteorder == 'big':
-        @unittest.expectedFailure
-        def test_unseekable_incompleted_write(self):
-            super().test_unseekable_incompleted_write()
-
+        frames = byteswap(frames, 2)
 
 
 class WavePCM24Test(WaveTest, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -81,7 +73,7 @@ class WavePCM24Test(WaveTest, unittest.TestCase):
       51486F0E44E1 8BCC64113B05 B6F4EC0EEB36 4413170A5B48 \
       """)
     if sys.byteorder != 'big':
-        frames = audiotests.byteswap3(frames)
+        frames = byteswap(frames, 3)
 
 
 class WavePCM32Test(WaveTest, unittest.TestCase):
@@ -108,12 +100,7 @@ class WavePCM32Test(WaveTest, unittest.TestCase):
       51486F800E44E190 8BCC6480113B0580 B6F4EC000EEB3630 441317800A5B48A0 \
       """)
     if sys.byteorder != 'big':
-        frames = audiotests.byteswap4(frames)
-
-    if sys.byteorder == 'big':
-        @unittest.expectedFailure
-        def test_unseekable_incompleted_write(self):
-            super().test_unseekable_incompleted_write()
+        frames = byteswap(frames, 4)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_weakref.py b/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
index 85ab717c69..cccb515252 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
@@ -7,11 +7,15 @@ import operator
 import contextlib
 import copy
 
-from test import support
+from test import support, script_helper
 
 # Used in ReferencesTestCase.test_ref_created_during_del() .
 ref_from_del = None
 
+# Used by FinalizeTestCase as a global that may be replaced by None
+# when the interpreter shuts down.
+_global_var = 'foobar'
+
 class C:
     def method(self):
         pass
@@ -47,6 +51,11 @@ class Object:
         return NotImplemented
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.arg)
+    def some_method(self):
+        return 4
+    def other_method(self):
+        return 5
+
 
 class RefCycle:
     def __init__(self):
@@ -794,6 +803,30 @@ class ReferencesTestCase(TestBase):
         del root
         gc.collect()
 
+    def test_callback_attribute(self):
+        x = Object(1)
+        callback = lambda ref: None
+        ref1 = weakref.ref(x, callback)
+        self.assertIs(ref1.__callback__, callback)
+
+        ref2 = weakref.ref(x)
+        self.assertIsNone(ref2.__callback__)
+
+    def test_callback_attribute_after_deletion(self):
+        x = Object(1)
+        ref = weakref.ref(x, self.callback)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(ref.__callback__)
+        del x
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertIsNone(ref.__callback__)
+
+    def test_set_callback_attribute(self):
+        x = Object(1)
+        callback = lambda ref: None
+        ref1 = weakref.ref(x, callback)
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            ref1.__callback__ = lambda ref: None
+
 
 class SubclassableWeakrefTestCase(TestBase):
 
@@ -898,6 +931,140 @@ class SubclassableWeakrefTestCase(TestBase):
         self.assertEqual(self.cbcalled, 0)
 
 
+class WeakMethodTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def _subclass(self):
+        """Return a Object subclass overriding `some_method`."""
+        class C(Object):
+            def some_method(self):
+                return 6
+        return C
+
+    def test_alive(self):
+        o = Object(1)
+        r = weakref.WeakMethod(o.some_method)
+        self.assertIsInstance(r, weakref.ReferenceType)
+        self.assertIsInstance(r(), type(o.some_method))
+        self.assertIs(r().__self__, o)
+        self.assertIs(r().__func__, o.some_method.__func__)
+        self.assertEqual(r()(), 4)
+
+    def test_object_dead(self):
+        o = Object(1)
+        r = weakref.WeakMethod(o.some_method)
+        del o
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertIs(r(), None)
+
+    def test_method_dead(self):
+        C = self._subclass()
+        o = C(1)
+        r = weakref.WeakMethod(o.some_method)
+        del C.some_method
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertIs(r(), None)
+
+    def test_callback_when_object_dead(self):
+        # Test callback behaviour when object dies first.
+        C = self._subclass()
+        calls = []
+        def cb(arg):
+            calls.append(arg)
+        o = C(1)
+        r = weakref.WeakMethod(o.some_method, cb)
+        del o
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertEqual(calls, [r])
+        # Callback is only called once.
+        C.some_method = Object.some_method
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertEqual(calls, [r])
+
+    def test_callback_when_method_dead(self):
+        # Test callback behaviour when method dies first.
+        C = self._subclass()
+        calls = []
+        def cb(arg):
+            calls.append(arg)
+        o = C(1)
+        r = weakref.WeakMethod(o.some_method, cb)
+        del C.some_method
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertEqual(calls, [r])
+        # Callback is only called once.
+        del o
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertEqual(calls, [r])
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_no_cycles(self):
+        # A WeakMethod doesn't create any reference cycle to itself.
+        o = Object(1)
+        def cb(_):
+            pass
+        r = weakref.WeakMethod(o.some_method, cb)
+        wr = weakref.ref(r)
+        del r
+        self.assertIs(wr(), None)
+
+    def test_equality(self):
+        def _eq(a, b):
+            self.assertTrue(a == b)
+            self.assertFalse(a != b)
+        def _ne(a, b):
+            self.assertTrue(a != b)
+            self.assertFalse(a == b)
+        x = Object(1)
+        y = Object(1)
+        a = weakref.WeakMethod(x.some_method)
+        b = weakref.WeakMethod(y.some_method)
+        c = weakref.WeakMethod(x.other_method)
+        d = weakref.WeakMethod(y.other_method)
+        # Objects equal, same method
+        _eq(a, b)
+        _eq(c, d)
+        # Objects equal, different method
+        _ne(a, c)
+        _ne(a, d)
+        _ne(b, c)
+        _ne(b, d)
+        # Objects unequal, same or different method
+        z = Object(2)
+        e = weakref.WeakMethod(z.some_method)
+        f = weakref.WeakMethod(z.other_method)
+        _ne(a, e)
+        _ne(a, f)
+        _ne(b, e)
+        _ne(b, f)
+        del x, y, z
+        gc.collect()
+        # Dead WeakMethods compare by identity
+        refs = a, b, c, d, e, f
+        for q in refs:
+            for r in refs:
+                self.assertEqual(q == r, q is r)
+                self.assertEqual(q != r, q is not r)
+
+    def test_hashing(self):
+        # Alive WeakMethods are hashable if the underlying object is
+        # hashable.
+        x = Object(1)
+        y = Object(1)
+        a = weakref.WeakMethod(x.some_method)
+        b = weakref.WeakMethod(y.some_method)
+        c = weakref.WeakMethod(y.other_method)
+        # Since WeakMethod objects are equal, the hashes should be equal.
+        self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(b))
+        ha = hash(a)
+        # Dead WeakMethods retain their old hash value
+        del x, y
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertEqual(hash(a), ha)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(b), ha)
+        # If it wasn't hashed when alive, a dead WeakMethod cannot be hashed.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, c)
+
+
 class MappingTestCase(TestBase):
 
     COUNT = 10
@@ -1385,6 +1552,151 @@ class WeakKeyDictionaryTestCase(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol):
     def _reference(self):
         return self.__ref.copy()
 
+
+class FinalizeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    class A:
+        pass
+
+    def _collect_if_necessary(self):
+        # we create no ref-cycles so in CPython no gc should be needed
+        if sys.implementation.name != 'cpython':
+            support.gc_collect()
+
+    def test_finalize(self):
+        def add(x,y,z):
+            res.append(x + y + z)
+            return x + y + z
+
+        a = self.A()
+
+        res = []
+        f = weakref.finalize(a, add, 67, 43, z=89)
+        self.assertEqual(f.alive, True)
+        self.assertEqual(f.peek(), (a, add, (67,43), {'z':89}))
+        self.assertEqual(f(), 199)
+        self.assertEqual(f(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.peek(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.detach(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.alive, False)
+        self.assertEqual(res, [199])
+
+        res = []
+        f = weakref.finalize(a, add, 67, 43, 89)
+        self.assertEqual(f.peek(), (a, add, (67,43,89), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(f.detach(), (a, add, (67,43,89), {}))
+        self.assertEqual(f(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.peek(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.detach(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.alive, False)
+        self.assertEqual(res, [])
+
+        res = []
+        f = weakref.finalize(a, add, x=67, y=43, z=89)
+        del a
+        self._collect_if_necessary()
+        self.assertEqual(f(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.peek(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.detach(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(f.alive, False)
+        self.assertEqual(res, [199])
+
+    def test_order(self):
+        a = self.A()
+        res = []
+
+        f1 = weakref.finalize(a, res.append, 'f1')
+        f2 = weakref.finalize(a, res.append, 'f2')
+        f3 = weakref.finalize(a, res.append, 'f3')
+        f4 = weakref.finalize(a, res.append, 'f4')
+        f5 = weakref.finalize(a, res.append, 'f5')
+
+        # make sure finalizers can keep themselves alive
+        del f1, f4
+
+        self.assertTrue(f2.alive)
+        self.assertTrue(f3.alive)
+        self.assertTrue(f5.alive)
+
+        self.assertTrue(f5.detach())
+        self.assertFalse(f5.alive)
+
+        f5()                       # nothing because previously unregistered
+        res.append('A')
+        f3()                       # => res.append('f3')
+        self.assertFalse(f3.alive)
+        res.append('B')
+        f3()                       # nothing because previously called
+        res.append('C')
+        del a
+        self._collect_if_necessary()
+                                   # => res.append('f4')
+                                   # => res.append('f2')
+                                   # => res.append('f1')
+        self.assertFalse(f2.alive)
+        res.append('D')
+        f2()                       # nothing because previously called by gc
+
+        expected = ['A', 'f3', 'B', 'C', 'f4', 'f2', 'f1', 'D']
+        self.assertEqual(res, expected)
+
+    def test_all_freed(self):
+        # we want a weakrefable subclass of weakref.finalize
+        class MyFinalizer(weakref.finalize):
+            pass
+
+        a = self.A()
+        res = []
+        def callback():
+            res.append(123)
+        f = MyFinalizer(a, callback)
+
+        wr_callback = weakref.ref(callback)
+        wr_f = weakref.ref(f)
+        del callback, f
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(wr_callback())
+        self.assertIsNotNone(wr_f())
+
+        del a
+        self._collect_if_necessary()
+
+        self.assertIsNone(wr_callback())
+        self.assertIsNone(wr_f())
+        self.assertEqual(res, [123])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_in_child(cls):
+        def error():
+            # Create an atexit finalizer from inside a finalizer called
+            # at exit.  This should be the next to be run.
+            g1 = weakref.finalize(cls, print, 'g1')
+            print('f3 error')
+            1/0
+
+        # cls should stay alive till atexit callbacks run
+        f1 = weakref.finalize(cls, print, 'f1', _global_var)
+        f2 = weakref.finalize(cls, print, 'f2', _global_var)
+        f3 = weakref.finalize(cls, error)
+        f4 = weakref.finalize(cls, print, 'f4', _global_var)
+
+        assert f1.atexit == True
+        f2.atexit = False
+        assert f3.atexit == True
+        assert f4.atexit == True
+
+    def test_atexit(self):
+        prog = ('from test.test_weakref import FinalizeTestCase;'+
+                'FinalizeTestCase.run_in_child()')
+        rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', prog)
+        out = out.decode('ascii').splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(out, ['f4 foobar', 'f3 error', 'g1', 'f1 foobar'])
+        self.assertTrue(b'ZeroDivisionError' in err)
+
+
 libreftest = """ Doctest for examples in the library reference: weakref.rst
 
 >>> import weakref
@@ -1473,10 +1785,12 @@ __test__ = {'libreftest' : libreftest}
 def test_main():
     support.run_unittest(
         ReferencesTestCase,
+        WeakMethodTestCase,
         MappingTestCase,
         WeakValueDictionaryTestCase,
         WeakKeyDictionaryTestCase,
         SubclassableWeakrefTestCase,
+        FinalizeTestCase,
         )
     support.run_doctest(sys.modules[__name__])
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_winreg.py b/Lib/test/test_winreg.py
index cb4cde9bc6..ef4ce552f1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_winreg.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_winreg.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ threading = support.import_module("threading")
 from platform import machine
 
 # Do this first so test will be skipped if module doesn't exist
-support.import_module('winreg')
+support.import_module('winreg', required_on=['win'])
 # Now import everything
 from winreg import *
 
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ class BaseWinregTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def delete_tree(self, root, subkey):
         try:
             hkey = OpenKey(root, subkey, KEY_ALL_ACCESS)
-        except WindowsError:
+        except OSError:
             # subkey does not exist
             return
         while True:
             try:
                 subsubkey = EnumKey(hkey, 0)
-            except WindowsError:
+            except OSError:
                 # no more subkeys
                 break
             self.delete_tree(hkey, subsubkey)
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class BaseWinregTests(unittest.TestCase):
             QueryInfoKey(int_sub_key)
             self.fail("It appears the CloseKey() function does "
                       "not close the actual key!")
-        except EnvironmentError:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         # ... and close that key that way :-)
         int_key = int(key)
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class BaseWinregTests(unittest.TestCase):
             QueryInfoKey(int_key)
             self.fail("It appears the key.Close() function "
                       "does not close the actual key!")
-        except EnvironmentError:
+        except OSError:
             pass
 
     def _read_test_data(self, root_key, subkeystr="sub_key", OpenKey=OpenKey):
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class BaseWinregTests(unittest.TestCase):
             while 1:
                 try:
                     data = EnumValue(sub_key, index)
-                except EnvironmentError:
+                except OSError:
                     break
                 self.assertEqual(data in test_data, True,
                                  "Didn't read back the correct test data")
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class BaseWinregTests(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             EnumKey(key, 1)
             self.fail("Was able to get a second key when I only have one!")
-        except EnvironmentError:
+        except OSError:
             pass
 
         key.Close()
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class BaseWinregTests(unittest.TestCase):
             # Shouldnt be able to delete it twice!
             DeleteKey(key, subkeystr)
             self.fail("Deleting the key twice succeeded")
-        except EnvironmentError:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         key.Close()
         DeleteKey(root_key, test_key_name)
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class BaseWinregTests(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             key = OpenKey(root_key, test_key_name)
             self.fail("Could open the non-existent key")
-        except WindowsError: # Use this error name this time
+        except OSError: # Use this error name this time
             pass
 
     def _test_all(self, root_key, subkeystr="sub_key"):
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class LocalWinregTests(BaseWinregTests):
 
     def test_inexistant_remote_registry(self):
         connect = lambda: ConnectRegistry("abcdefghijkl", HKEY_CURRENT_USER)
-        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, connect)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, connect)
 
     def testExpandEnvironmentStrings(self):
         r = ExpandEnvironmentStrings("%windir%\\test")
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ class LocalWinregTests(BaseWinregTests):
         try:
             with ConnectRegistry(None, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE) as h:
                 self.assertNotEqual(h.handle, 0)
-                raise WindowsError
-        except WindowsError:
+                raise OSError
+        except OSError:
             self.assertEqual(h.handle, 0)
 
     def test_changing_value(self):
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class Win64WinregTests(BaseWinregTests):
                 open_fail = lambda: OpenKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
                                             test_reflect_key_name, 0,
                                             KEY_READ | KEY_WOW64_64KEY)
-                self.assertRaises(WindowsError, open_fail)
+                self.assertRaises(OSError, open_fail)
 
             # Now explicitly open the 64-bit version of the key
             with OpenKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, test_reflect_key_name, 0,
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class Win64WinregTests(BaseWinregTests):
             open_fail = lambda: OpenKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
                                           test_reflect_key_name, 0,
                                           KEY_READ | KEY_WOW64_64KEY)
-            self.assertRaises(WindowsError, open_fail)
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, open_fail)
 
             # Make sure the 32-bit key is actually there
             with OpenKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, test_reflect_key_name, 0,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_winsound.py b/Lib/test/test_winsound.py
index 069adc3981..83618b6a44 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_winsound.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_winsound.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def has_sound(sound):
         key = winreg.OpenKeyEx(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
                 "AppEvents\Schemes\Apps\.Default\{0}\.Default".format(sound))
         return winreg.EnumValue(key, 0)[1] != ""
-    except WindowsError:
+    except OSError:
         return False
 
 class BeepTest(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
index 7bd8a2c7ee..89971f16ca 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import io
 import operator
 import pickle
 import sys
+import types
 import unittest
 import weakref
 
@@ -240,7 +241,6 @@ class ElementTreeTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(ET.XML, ET.fromstring)
         self.assertEqual(ET.PI, ET.ProcessingInstruction)
-        self.assertEqual(ET.XMLParser, ET.XMLTreeBuilder)
 
     def test_simpleops(self):
         # Basic method sanity checks.
@@ -433,15 +433,6 @@ class ElementTreeTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 '   <empty-element />\n'
                 '</root>')
 
-        parser = ET.XMLTreeBuilder() # 1.2 compatibility
-        parser.feed(data)
-        self.serialize_check(parser.close(),
-                '<root>\n'
-                '   <element key="value">text</element>\n'
-                '   <element>text</element>tail\n'
-                '   <empty-element />\n'
-                '</root>')
-
         target = ET.TreeBuilder()
         parser = ET.XMLParser(target=target)
         parser.feed(data)
@@ -706,9 +697,9 @@ class ElementTreeTest(unittest.TestCase):
             'iso8859-13', 'iso8859-14', 'iso8859-15', 'iso8859-16',
             'cp437', 'cp720', 'cp737', 'cp775', 'cp850', 'cp852',
             'cp855', 'cp856', 'cp857', 'cp858', 'cp860', 'cp861', 'cp862',
-            'cp863', 'cp865', 'cp866', 'cp869', 'cp874', 'cp1006', 'cp1250',
-            'cp1251', 'cp1252', 'cp1253', 'cp1254', 'cp1255', 'cp1256',
-            'cp1257', 'cp1258',
+            'cp863', 'cp865', 'cp866', 'cp869', 'cp874', 'cp1006', 'cp1125',
+            'cp1250', 'cp1251', 'cp1252', 'cp1253', 'cp1254', 'cp1255',
+            'cp1256', 'cp1257', 'cp1258',
             'mac-cyrillic', 'mac-greek', 'mac-iceland', 'mac-latin2',
             'mac-roman', 'mac-turkish',
             'iso2022-jp', 'iso2022-jp-1', 'iso2022-jp-2', 'iso2022-jp-2004',
@@ -964,6 +955,160 @@ class ElementTreeTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(serialized, expected)
 
 
+class XMLPullParserTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def _feed(self, parser, data, chunk_size=None):
+        if chunk_size is None:
+            parser.feed(data)
+        else:
+            for i in range(0, len(data), chunk_size):
+                parser.feed(data[i:i+chunk_size])
+
+    def assert_event_tags(self, parser, expected):
+        events = parser.read_events()
+        self.assertEqual([(action, elem.tag) for action, elem in events],
+                         expected)
+
+    def test_simple_xml(self):
+        for chunk_size in (None, 1, 5):
+            with self.subTest(chunk_size=chunk_size):
+                parser = ET.XMLPullParser()
+                self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+                self._feed(parser, "<!-- comment -->\n", chunk_size)
+                self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+                self._feed(parser,
+                           "<root>\n  <element key='value'>text</element",
+                           chunk_size)
+                self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+                self._feed(parser, ">\n", chunk_size)
+                self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('end', 'element')])
+                self._feed(parser, "<element>text</element>tail\n", chunk_size)
+                self._feed(parser, "<empty-element/>\n", chunk_size)
+                self.assert_event_tags(parser, [
+                    ('end', 'element'),
+                    ('end', 'empty-element'),
+                    ])
+                self._feed(parser, "</root>\n", chunk_size)
+                self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('end', 'root')])
+                self.assertIsNone(parser.close())
+
+    def test_feed_while_iterating(self):
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser()
+        it = parser.read_events()
+        self._feed(parser, "<root>\n  <element key='value'>text</element>\n")
+        action, elem = next(it)
+        self.assertEqual((action, elem.tag), ('end', 'element'))
+        self._feed(parser, "</root>\n")
+        action, elem = next(it)
+        self.assertEqual((action, elem.tag), ('end', 'root'))
+        with self.assertRaises(StopIteration):
+            next(it)
+
+    def test_simple_xml_with_ns(self):
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser()
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+        self._feed(parser, "<!-- comment -->\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+        self._feed(parser, "<root xmlns='namespace'>\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+        self._feed(parser, "<element key='value'>text</element")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+        self._feed(parser, ">\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('end', '{namespace}element')])
+        self._feed(parser, "<element>text</element>tail\n")
+        self._feed(parser, "<empty-element/>\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [
+            ('end', '{namespace}element'),
+            ('end', '{namespace}empty-element'),
+            ])
+        self._feed(parser, "</root>\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('end', '{namespace}root')])
+        self.assertIsNone(parser.close())
+
+    def test_ns_events(self):
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser(events=('start-ns', 'end-ns'))
+        self._feed(parser, "<!-- comment -->\n")
+        self._feed(parser, "<root xmlns='namespace'>\n")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(parser.read_events()),
+            [('start-ns', ('', 'namespace'))])
+        self._feed(parser, "<element key='value'>text</element")
+        self._feed(parser, ">\n")
+        self._feed(parser, "<element>text</element>tail\n")
+        self._feed(parser, "<empty-element/>\n")
+        self._feed(parser, "</root>\n")
+        self.assertEqual(list(parser.read_events()), [('end-ns', None)])
+        self.assertIsNone(parser.close())
+
+    def test_events(self):
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser(events=())
+        self._feed(parser, "<root/>\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser(events=('start', 'end'))
+        self._feed(parser, "<!-- comment -->\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+        self._feed(parser, "<root>\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('start', 'root')])
+        self._feed(parser, "<element key='value'>text</element")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('start', 'element')])
+        self._feed(parser, ">\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('end', 'element')])
+        self._feed(parser,
+                   "<element xmlns='foo'>text<empty-element/></element>tail\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [
+            ('start', '{foo}element'),
+            ('start', '{foo}empty-element'),
+            ('end', '{foo}empty-element'),
+            ('end', '{foo}element'),
+            ])
+        self._feed(parser, "</root>")
+        self.assertIsNone(parser.close())
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('end', 'root')])
+
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser(events=('start',))
+        self._feed(parser, "<!-- comment -->\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+        self._feed(parser, "<root>\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('start', 'root')])
+        self._feed(parser, "<element key='value'>text</element")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('start', 'element')])
+        self._feed(parser, ">\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [])
+        self._feed(parser,
+                   "<element xmlns='foo'>text<empty-element/></element>tail\n")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [
+            ('start', '{foo}element'),
+            ('start', '{foo}empty-element'),
+            ])
+        self._feed(parser, "</root>")
+        self.assertIsNone(parser.close())
+
+    def test_events_sequence(self):
+        # Test that events can be some sequence that's not just a tuple or list
+        eventset = {'end', 'start'}
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser(events=eventset)
+        self._feed(parser, "<foo>bar</foo>")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('start', 'foo'), ('end', 'foo')])
+
+        class DummyIter:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.events = iter(['start', 'end', 'start-ns'])
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+            def __next__(self):
+                return next(self.events)
+
+        parser = ET.XMLPullParser(events=DummyIter())
+        self._feed(parser, "<foo>bar</foo>")
+        self.assert_event_tags(parser, [('start', 'foo'), ('end', 'foo')])
+
+
+    def test_unknown_event(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            ET.XMLPullParser(events=('start', 'end', 'bogus'))
+
+
 #
 # xinclude tests (samples from appendix C of the xinclude specification)
 
@@ -1305,7 +1450,7 @@ class BugsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Don't crash when using custom entities.
 
         ENTITIES = {'rsquo': '\u2019', 'lsquo': '\u2018'}
-        parser = ET.XMLTreeBuilder()
+        parser = ET.XMLParser()
         parser.entity.update(ENTITIES)
         parser.feed("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE patent-application-publication SYSTEM "pap-v15-2001-01-31.dtd" []>
@@ -1643,6 +1788,11 @@ class ElementFindTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(e.find('./tag[last()-1]').attrib['class'], 'c')
         self.assertEqual(e.find('./tag[last()-2]').attrib['class'], 'b')
 
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, 'XPath', e.find, './tag[0]')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, 'XPath', e.find, './tag[-1]')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, 'XPath', e.find, './tag[last()-0]')
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, 'XPath', e.find, './tag[last()+1]')
+
     def test_findall(self):
         e = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
         e[2] = ET.XML(SAMPLE_SECTION)
@@ -1902,7 +2052,7 @@ class TreeBuilderTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Mimick SimpleTAL's behaviour (issue #16089): both versions of
         # TreeBuilder should be able to cope with a subclass of the
         # pure Python Element class.
-        base = ET._Element
+        base = ET._Element_Py
         # Not from a C extension
         self.assertEqual(base.__module__, 'xml.etree.ElementTree')
         # Force some multiple inheritance with a C class to make things
@@ -2261,6 +2411,18 @@ class IOTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ET.tostring(root, 'utf-16'),
             b''.join(ET.tostringlist(root, 'utf-16')))
 
+    def test_short_empty_elements(self):
+        root = ET.fromstring('<tag>a<x />b<y></y>c</tag>')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ET.tostring(root, 'unicode'),
+            '<tag>a<x />b<y />c</tag>')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ET.tostring(root, 'unicode', short_empty_elements=True),
+            '<tag>a<x />b<y />c</tag>')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ET.tostring(root, 'unicode', short_empty_elements=False),
+            '<tag>a<x></x>b<y></y>c</tag>')
+
 
 class ParseErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_subclass(self):
@@ -2326,8 +2488,11 @@ class NoAcceleratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     # Test that the C accelerator was not imported for pyET
     def test_correct_import_pyET(self):
-        self.assertEqual(pyET.Element.__module__, 'xml.etree.ElementTree')
-        self.assertEqual(pyET.SubElement.__module__, 'xml.etree.ElementTree')
+        # The type of methods defined in Python code is types.FunctionType,
+        # while the type of methods defined inside _elementtree is
+        # <class 'wrapper_descriptor'>
+        self.assertIsInstance(pyET.Element.__init__, types.FunctionType)
+        self.assertIsInstance(pyET.XMLParser.__init__, types.FunctionType)
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2397,6 +2562,7 @@ def test_main(module=None):
         ElementIterTest,
         TreeBuilderTest,
         XMLParserTest,
+        XMLPullParserTest,
         BugsTest,
         ]
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree_c.py b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree_c.py
index d04b7dc97f..816aa8645d 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree_c.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree_c.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import sys, struct
 from test import support
 from test.support import import_fresh_module
+import types
 import unittest
 
 cET = import_fresh_module('xml.etree.ElementTree',
@@ -31,14 +32,22 @@ class TestAliasWorking(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(cET, 'requires _elementtree')
+@support.cpython_only
 class TestAcceleratorImported(unittest.TestCase):
     # Test that the C accelerator was imported, as expected
     def test_correct_import_cET(self):
+        # SubElement is a function so it retains _elementtree as its module.
         self.assertEqual(cET.SubElement.__module__, '_elementtree')
 
     def test_correct_import_cET_alias(self):
         self.assertEqual(cET_alias.SubElement.__module__, '_elementtree')
 
+    def test_parser_comes_from_C(self):
+        # The type of methods defined in Python code is types.FunctionType,
+        # while the type of methods defined inside _elementtree is
+        # <class 'wrapper_descriptor'>
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(cET.Element.__init__, types.FunctionType)
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(cET, 'requires _elementtree')
 @support.cpython_only
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py b/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py
index cc52259c82..99b3eda13e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ import contextlib
 from test import support
 
 try:
+    import gzip
+except ImportError:
+    gzip = None
+try:
     import threading
 except ImportError:
     threading = None
@@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ class XMLRPCTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('https://localhost:9999').bad_function()
         except NotImplementedError:
             self.assertFalse(has_ssl, "xmlrpc client's error with SSL support")
-        except socket.error:
+        except OSError:
             self.assertTrue(has_ssl)
 
 class HelperTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -376,6 +380,11 @@ def http_server(evt, numrequests, requestHandler=None):
             if name == 'div':
                 return 'This is the div function'
 
+        class Fixture:
+            @staticmethod
+            def getData():
+                return '42'
+
     def my_function():
         '''This is my function'''
         return True
@@ -407,7 +416,8 @@ def http_server(evt, numrequests, requestHandler=None):
         serv.register_function(pow)
         serv.register_function(lambda x,y: x+y, 'add')
         serv.register_function(my_function)
-        serv.register_instance(TestInstanceClass())
+        testInstance = TestInstanceClass()
+        serv.register_instance(testInstance, allow_dotted_names=True)
         evt.set()
 
         # handle up to 'numrequests' requests
@@ -500,7 +510,7 @@ def is_unavailable_exception(e):
             return True
         exc_mess = e.headers.get('X-exception')
     except AttributeError:
-        # Ignore socket.errors here.
+        # Ignore OSErrors here.
         exc_mess = str(e)
 
     if exc_mess and 'temporarily unavailable' in exc_mess.lower():
@@ -515,7 +525,7 @@ def make_request_and_skipIf(condition, reason):
         def make_request_and_skip(self):
             try:
                 xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL).my_function()
-            except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+            except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
                 if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                     raise
             raise unittest.SkipTest(reason)
@@ -553,7 +563,7 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
         try:
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             self.assertEqual(p.pow(6,8), 6**8)
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -566,7 +576,7 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             self.assertEqual(p.add(start_string, end_string),
                              start_string + end_string)
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -587,12 +597,13 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
     def test_introspection1(self):
         expected_methods = set(['pow', 'div', 'my_function', 'add',
                                 'system.listMethods', 'system.methodHelp',
-                                'system.methodSignature', 'system.multicall'])
+                                'system.methodSignature', 'system.multicall',
+                                'Fixture'])
         try:
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             meth = p.system.listMethods()
             self.assertEqual(set(meth), expected_methods)
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -605,7 +616,7 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             divhelp = p.system.methodHelp('div')
             self.assertEqual(divhelp, 'This is the div function')
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -619,7 +630,7 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             myfunction = p.system.methodHelp('my_function')
             self.assertEqual(myfunction, 'This is my function')
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -632,7 +643,7 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             divsig = p.system.methodSignature('div')
             self.assertEqual(divsig, 'signatures not supported')
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -649,7 +660,7 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(add_result, 2+3)
             self.assertEqual(pow_result, 6**8)
             self.assertEqual(div_result, 127//42)
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -670,7 +681,7 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(result.results[0]['faultString'],
                 '<class \'Exception\'>:method "this_is_not_exists" '
                 'is not supported')
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -686,6 +697,12 @@ class SimpleServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
         # This avoids waiting for the socket timeout.
         self.test_simple1()
 
+    def test_allow_dotted_names_true(self):
+        # XXX also need allow_dotted_names_false test.
+        server = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://%s:%d/RPC2" % (ADDR, PORT))
+        data = server.Fixture.getData()
+        self.assertEqual(data, '42')
+
     def test_unicode_host(self):
         server = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://%s:%d/RPC2" % (ADDR, PORT))
         self.assertEqual(server.add("a", "\xe9"), "a\xe9")
@@ -793,6 +810,7 @@ class KeepaliveServerTestCase2(BaseKeepaliveServerTestCase):
 
 #A test case that verifies that gzip encoding works in both directions
 #(for a request and the response)
+@unittest.skipIf(gzip is None, 'requires gzip')
 class GzipServerTestCase(BaseServerTestCase):
     #a request handler that supports keep-alive and logs requests into a
     #class variable
@@ -923,7 +941,7 @@ class FailingServerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             self.assertEqual(p.pow(6,8), 6**8)
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e):
                 # protocol error; provide additional information in test output
@@ -936,7 +954,7 @@ class FailingServerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             p.pow(6,8)
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e) and hasattr(e, "headers"):
                 # The two server-side error headers shouldn't be sent back in this case
@@ -956,7 +974,7 @@ class FailingServerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             p = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(URL)
             p.pow(6,8)
-        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, socket.error) as e:
+        except (xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, OSError) as e:
             # ignore failures due to non-blocking socket 'unavailable' errors
             if not is_unavailable_exception(e) and hasattr(e, "headers"):
                 # We should get error info in the response
@@ -1084,23 +1102,13 @@ class UseBuiltinTypesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 @support.reap_threads
 def test_main():
-    xmlrpc_tests = [XMLRPCTestCase, HelperTestCase, DateTimeTestCase,
-         BinaryTestCase, FaultTestCase]
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(UseBuiltinTypesTestCase)
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(SimpleServerTestCase)
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(KeepaliveServerTestCase1)
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(KeepaliveServerTestCase2)
-    try:
-        import gzip
-        xmlrpc_tests.append(GzipServerTestCase)
-    except ImportError:
-        pass #gzip not supported in this build
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(MultiPathServerTestCase)
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(ServerProxyTestCase)
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(FailingServerTestCase)
-    xmlrpc_tests.append(CGIHandlerTestCase)
-
-    support.run_unittest(*xmlrpc_tests)
+    support.run_unittest(XMLRPCTestCase, HelperTestCase, DateTimeTestCase,
+            BinaryTestCase, FaultTestCase, UseBuiltinTypesTestCase,
+            SimpleServerTestCase, KeepaliveServerTestCase1,
+            KeepaliveServerTestCase2, GzipServerTestCase,
+            MultiPathServerTestCase, ServerProxyTestCase, FailingServerTestCase,
+            CGIHandlerTestCase)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc_net.py b/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc_net.py
index 77f66ea57b..b60b82f3e2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc_net.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xmlrpc_net.py
@@ -7,31 +7,7 @@ from test import support
 
 import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
 
-class CurrentTimeTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def test_current_time(self):
-        # Get the current time from xmlrpc.com.  This code exercises
-        # the minimal HTTP functionality in xmlrpclib.
-        self.skipTest("time.xmlrpc.com is unreliable")
-        server = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://time.xmlrpc.com/RPC2")
-        try:
-            t0 = server.currentTime.getCurrentTime()
-        except socket.error as e:
-            self.skipTest("network error: %s" % e)
-
-        # Perform a minimal sanity check on the result, just to be sure
-        # the request means what we think it means.
-        t1 = xmlrpclib.DateTime()
-
-        dt0 = xmlrpclib._datetime_type(t0.value)
-        dt1 = xmlrpclib._datetime_type(t1.value)
-        if dt0 > dt1:
-            delta = dt0 - dt1
-        else:
-            delta = dt1 - dt0
-        # The difference between the system time here and the system
-        # time on the server should not be too big.
-        self.assertTrue(delta.days <= 1)
+class PythonBuildersTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_python_builders(self):
         # Get the list of builders from the XMLRPC buildbot interface at
@@ -39,7 +15,7 @@ class CurrentTimeTest(unittest.TestCase):
         server = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://buildbot.python.org/all/xmlrpc/")
         try:
             builders = server.getAllBuilders()
-        except socket.error as e:
+        except OSError as e:
             self.skipTest("network error: %s" % e)
         self.addCleanup(lambda: server('close')())
 
@@ -51,7 +27,7 @@ class CurrentTimeTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
 def test_main():
     support.requires("network")
-    support.run_unittest(CurrentTimeTest)
+    support.run_unittest(PythonBuildersTest)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py b/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py
index 12a0f71f5d..1bef5750a1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipfile.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import io
 import os
 import sys
-import imp
+import importlib.util
 import time
 import shutil
 import struct
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from random import randint, random, getrandbits
 
 from test.support import (TESTFN, findfile, unlink,
                           requires_zlib, requires_bz2, requires_lzma,
-                          captured_stdout)
+                          captured_stdout, check_warnings)
 
 TESTFN2 = TESTFN + "2"
 TESTFNDIR = TESTFN + "d"
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ def get_files(test):
         yield f
         test.assertFalse(f.closed)
 
+def openU(zipfp, fn):
+    with check_warnings(('', DeprecationWarning)):
+        return zipfp.open(fn, 'rU')
+
 class AbstractTestsWithSourceFile:
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -537,12 +541,12 @@ class StoredTestZip64InSmallFiles(AbstractTestZip64InSmallFiles,
     compression = zipfile.ZIP_STORED
 
     def large_file_exception_test(self, f, compression):
-        with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "w", compression) as zipfp:
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "w", compression, allowZip64=False) as zipfp:
             self.assertRaises(zipfile.LargeZipFile,
                               zipfp.write, TESTFN, "another.name")
 
     def large_file_exception_test2(self, f, compression):
-        with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "w", compression) as zipfp:
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "w", compression, allowZip64=False) as zipfp:
             self.assertRaises(zipfile.LargeZipFile,
                               zipfp.writestr, "another.name", self.data)
 
@@ -588,7 +592,7 @@ class PyZipFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 if os.altsep is not None:
                     path_split.extend(fn.split(os.altsep))
                 if '__pycache__' in path_split:
-                    fn = imp.source_from_cache(fn)
+                    fn = importlib.util.source_from_cache(fn)
                 else:
                     fn = fn[:-1]
 
@@ -622,6 +626,34 @@ class PyZipFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertCompiledIn('email/__init__.py', names)
             self.assertCompiledIn('email/mime/text.py', names)
 
+    def test_write_filtered_python_package(self):
+        import test
+        packagedir = os.path.dirname(test.__file__)
+
+        with TemporaryFile() as t, zipfile.PyZipFile(t, "w") as zipfp:
+
+            # first make sure that the test folder gives error messages
+            # (on the badsyntax_... files)
+            with captured_stdout() as reportSIO:
+                zipfp.writepy(packagedir)
+            reportStr = reportSIO.getvalue()
+            self.assertTrue('SyntaxError' in reportStr)
+
+            # then check that the filter works on the whole package
+            with captured_stdout() as reportSIO:
+                zipfp.writepy(packagedir, filterfunc=lambda whatever: False)
+            reportStr = reportSIO.getvalue()
+            self.assertTrue('SyntaxError' not in reportStr)
+
+            # then check that the filter works on individual files
+            with captured_stdout() as reportSIO, self.assertWarns(UserWarning):
+                zipfp.writepy(packagedir, filterfunc=lambda fn:
+                                                     'bad' not in fn)
+            reportStr = reportSIO.getvalue()
+            if reportStr:
+                print(reportStr)
+            self.assertTrue('SyntaxError' not in reportStr)
+
     def test_write_with_optimization(self):
         import email
         packagedir = os.path.dirname(email.__file__)
@@ -631,7 +663,7 @@ class PyZipFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         ext = '.pyo' if optlevel == 1 else '.pyc'
 
         with TemporaryFile() as t, \
-                 zipfile.PyZipFile(t, "w", optimize=optlevel) as zipfp:
+             zipfile.PyZipFile(t, "w", optimize=optlevel) as zipfp:
             zipfp.writepy(packagedir)
 
             names = zipfp.namelist()
@@ -661,6 +693,26 @@ class PyZipFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             shutil.rmtree(TESTFN2)
 
+    def test_write_python_directory_filtered(self):
+        os.mkdir(TESTFN2)
+        try:
+            with open(os.path.join(TESTFN2, "mod1.py"), "w") as fp:
+                fp.write("print(42)\n")
+
+            with open(os.path.join(TESTFN2, "mod2.py"), "w") as fp:
+                fp.write("print(42 * 42)\n")
+
+            with TemporaryFile() as t, zipfile.PyZipFile(t, "w") as zipfp:
+                zipfp.writepy(TESTFN2, filterfunc=lambda fn:
+                                                  not fn.endswith('mod2.py'))
+
+                names = zipfp.namelist()
+                self.assertCompiledIn('mod1.py', names)
+                self.assertNotIn('mod2.py', names)
+
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(TESTFN2)
+
     def test_write_non_pyfile(self):
         with TemporaryFile() as t, zipfile.PyZipFile(t, "w") as zipfp:
             with open(TESTFN, 'w') as f:
@@ -764,25 +816,25 @@ class ExtractTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_extract_hackers_arcnames_windows_only(self):
         """Test combination of path fixing and windows name sanitization."""
         windows_hacknames = [
-                (r'..\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'..\/foo\/bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'foo/\..\/bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'foo\/../\bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'C:foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'C:/foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'C://foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'C:\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'//conky/mountpoint/foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'\\conky\mountpoint\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'///conky/mountpoint/foo/bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
-                (r'\\\conky\mountpoint\foo\bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
-                (r'//conky//mountpoint/foo/bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
-                (r'\\conky\\mountpoint\foo\bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
-                (r'//?/C:/foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'\\?\C:\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
-                (r'C:/../C:/foo/bar', 'C_/foo/bar'),
-                (r'a:b\c<d>e|f"g?h*i', 'b/c_d_e_f_g_h_i'),
-                ('../../foo../../ba..r', 'foo/ba..r'),
+            (r'..\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'..\/foo\/bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'foo/\..\/bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'foo\/../\bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'C:foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'C:/foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'C://foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'C:\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'//conky/mountpoint/foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'\\conky\mountpoint\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'///conky/mountpoint/foo/bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
+            (r'\\\conky\mountpoint\foo\bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
+            (r'//conky//mountpoint/foo/bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
+            (r'\\conky\\mountpoint\foo\bar', 'conky/mountpoint/foo/bar'),
+            (r'//?/C:/foo/bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'\\?\C:\foo\bar', 'foo/bar'),
+            (r'C:/../C:/foo/bar', 'C_/foo/bar'),
+            (r'a:b\c<d>e|f"g?h*i', 'b/c_d_e_f_g_h_i'),
+            ('../../foo../../ba..r', 'foo/ba..r'),
         ]
         self._test_extract_hackers_arcnames(windows_hacknames)
 
@@ -860,6 +912,17 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 data += zipfp.read(info)
             self.assertIn(data, {b"foobar", b"barfoo"})
 
+    def test_universal_deprecation(self):
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "w") as zipfp:
+            zipfp.writestr('spam.txt', b'ababagalamaga')
+
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "r") as zipfp:
+            for mode in 'U', 'rU':
+                with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    zipopen = zipfp.open('spam.txt', mode)
+                zipopen.close()
+
     def test_universal_readaheads(self):
         f = io.BytesIO()
 
@@ -869,7 +932,7 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         data2 = b''
         with zipfile.ZipFile(f, 'r') as zipfp, \
-             zipfp.open(TESTFN, 'rU') as zipopen:
+             openU(zipfp, TESTFN) as zipopen:
             for line in zipopen:
                 data2 += line
 
@@ -910,10 +973,10 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_unsupported_version(self):
         # File has an extract_version of 120
         data = (b'PK\x03\x04x\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00!p\xa1@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00xPK\x01\x02x\x03x\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-        b'\x00!p\xa1@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00'
-        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00xPK\x05\x06'
-        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00/\x00\x00\x00\x1f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+                b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00xPK\x01\x02x\x03x\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+                b'\x00!p\xa1@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00'
+                b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00xPK\x05\x06'
+                b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00/\x00\x00\x00\x1f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
 
         self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, zipfile.ZipFile,
                           io.BytesIO(data), 'r')
@@ -946,7 +1009,7 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, 'a') as zf:
                 zf.writestr(filename, content)
-        except IOError:
+        except OSError:
             self.fail('Could not append data to a non-existent zip file.')
 
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(TESTFN))
@@ -1018,7 +1081,7 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
         fp.seek(0, 0)
         self.assertTrue(zipfile.is_zipfile(fp))
 
-    def test_non_existent_file_raises_IOError(self):
+    def test_non_existent_file_raises_OSError(self):
         # make sure we don't raise an AttributeError when a partially-constructed
         # ZipFile instance is finalized; this tests for regression on SF tracker
         # bug #403871.
@@ -1030,7 +1093,7 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # it is ignored, but the user should be sufficiently annoyed by
         # the message on the output that regression will be noticed
         # quickly.
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, zipfile.ZipFile, TESTFN)
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, zipfile.ZipFile, TESTFN)
 
     def test_empty_file_raises_BadZipFile(self):
         f = open(TESTFN, 'w')
@@ -1099,11 +1162,11 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_unsupported_compression(self):
         # data is declared as shrunk, but actually deflated
         data = (b'PK\x03\x04.\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\xe4C\xa1@\x00\x00\x00'
-        b'\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00x\x03\x00PK\x01'
-        b'\x02.\x03.\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\xe4C\xa1@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00'
-        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-        b'\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00xPK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00'
-        b'/\x00\x00\x00!\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+                b'\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00x\x03\x00PK\x01'
+                b'\x02.\x03.\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\xe4C\xa1@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00'
+                b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+                b'\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00xPK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00'
+                b'/\x00\x00\x00!\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
         with zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(data), 'r') as zipf:
             self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, zipf.open, 'x')
 
@@ -1218,7 +1281,7 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_open_empty_file(self):
         # Issue 1710703: Check that opening a file with less than 22 bytes
         # raises a BadZipFile exception (rather than the previously unhelpful
-        # IOError)
+        # OSError)
         f = open(TESTFN, 'w')
         f.close()
         self.assertRaises(zipfile.BadZipFile, zipfile.ZipFile, TESTFN, 'r')
@@ -1266,57 +1329,57 @@ class AbstractBadCrcTests:
 class StoredBadCrcTests(AbstractBadCrcTests, unittest.TestCase):
     compression = zipfile.ZIP_STORED
     zip_with_bad_crc = (
-            b'PK\003\004\024\0\0\0\0\0 \213\212;:r'
-            b'\253\377\f\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\005\0\0\000af'
-            b'ilehello,AworldP'
-            b'K\001\002\024\003\024\0\0\0\0\0 \213\212;:'
-            b'r\253\377\f\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\005\0\0\0\0'
-            b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\200\001\0\0\0\000afi'
-            b'lePK\005\006\0\0\0\0\001\0\001\0003\000'
-            b'\0\0/\0\0\0\0\0')
+        b'PK\003\004\024\0\0\0\0\0 \213\212;:r'
+        b'\253\377\f\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\005\0\0\000af'
+        b'ilehello,AworldP'
+        b'K\001\002\024\003\024\0\0\0\0\0 \213\212;:'
+        b'r\253\377\f\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\005\0\0\0\0'
+        b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\200\001\0\0\0\000afi'
+        b'lePK\005\006\0\0\0\0\001\0\001\0003\000'
+        b'\0\0/\0\0\0\0\0')
 
 @requires_zlib
 class DeflateBadCrcTests(AbstractBadCrcTests, unittest.TestCase):
     compression = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED
     zip_with_bad_crc = (
-            b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00n}\x0c=FA'
-            b'KE\x10\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00af'
-            b'ile\xcbH\xcd\xc9\xc9W(\xcf/\xcaI\xc9\xa0'
-            b'=\x13\x00PK\x01\x02\x14\x03\x14\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00n'
-            b'}\x0c=FAKE\x10\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05'
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00'
-            b'\x00afilePK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00'
-            b'\x01\x003\x00\x00\x003\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00n}\x0c=FA'
+        b'KE\x10\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00af'
+        b'ile\xcbH\xcd\xc9\xc9W(\xcf/\xcaI\xc9\xa0'
+        b'=\x13\x00PK\x01\x02\x14\x03\x14\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00n'
+        b'}\x0c=FAKE\x10\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05'
+        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00'
+        b'\x00afilePK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00'
+        b'\x01\x003\x00\x00\x003\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
 
 @requires_bz2
 class Bzip2BadCrcTests(AbstractBadCrcTests, unittest.TestCase):
     compression = zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2
     zip_with_bad_crc = (
-            b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0c\x00nu\x0c=FA'
-            b'KE8\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00af'
-            b'ileBZh91AY&SY\xd4\xa8\xca'
-            b'\x7f\x00\x00\x0f\x11\x80@\x00\x06D\x90\x80 \x00 \xa5'
-            b'P\xd9!\x03\x03\x13\x13\x13\x89\xa9\xa9\xc2u5:\x9f'
-            b'\x8b\xb9"\x9c(HjTe?\x80PK\x01\x02\x14'
-            b'\x03\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0c\x00nu\x0c=FAKE8'
-            b'\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-            b'\x00 \x80\x80\x81\x00\x00\x00\x00afilePK'
-            b'\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x003\x00\x00\x00[\x00'
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0c\x00nu\x0c=FA'
+        b'KE8\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00af'
+        b'ileBZh91AY&SY\xd4\xa8\xca'
+        b'\x7f\x00\x00\x0f\x11\x80@\x00\x06D\x90\x80 \x00 \xa5'
+        b'P\xd9!\x03\x03\x13\x13\x13\x89\xa9\xa9\xc2u5:\x9f'
+        b'\x8b\xb9"\x9c(HjTe?\x80PK\x01\x02\x14'
+        b'\x03\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0c\x00nu\x0c=FAKE8'
+        b'\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+        b'\x00 \x80\x80\x81\x00\x00\x00\x00afilePK'
+        b'\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x003\x00\x00\x00[\x00'
+        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
 
 @requires_lzma
 class LzmaBadCrcTests(AbstractBadCrcTests, unittest.TestCase):
     compression = zipfile.ZIP_LZMA
     zip_with_bad_crc = (
-            b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0e\x00nu\x0c=FA'
-            b'KE\x1b\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00af'
-            b'ile\t\x04\x05\x00]\x00\x00\x00\x04\x004\x19I'
-            b'\xee\x8d\xe9\x17\x89:3`\tq!.8\x00PK'
-            b'\x01\x02\x14\x03\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0e\x00nu\x0c=FA'
-            b'KE\x1b\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00 \x80\x80\x81\x00\x00\x00\x00afil'
-            b'ePK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x003\x00\x00'
-            b'\x00>\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0e\x00nu\x0c=FA'
+        b'KE\x1b\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00af'
+        b'ile\t\x04\x05\x00]\x00\x00\x00\x04\x004\x19I'
+        b'\xee\x8d\xe9\x17\x89:3`\tq!.8\x00PK'
+        b'\x01\x02\x14\x03\x14\x03\x00\x00\x0e\x00nu\x0c=FA'
+        b'KE\x1b\x00\x00\x00n\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00 \x80\x80\x81\x00\x00\x00\x00afil'
+        b'ePK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x003\x00\x00'
+        b'\x00>\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
 
 
 class DecryptionTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1325,22 +1388,22 @@ class DecryptionTests(unittest.TestCase):
     ZIP file."""
 
     data = (
-    b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00n\x92i.#y\xef?&\x00\x00\x00\x1a\x00'
-    b'\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00test.txt\xfa\x10\xa0gly|\xfa-\xc5\xc0=\xf9y'
-    b'\x18\xe0\xa8r\xb3Z}Lg\xbc\xae\xf9|\x9b\x19\xe4\x8b\xba\xbb)\x8c\xb0\xdbl'
-    b'PK\x01\x02\x14\x00\x14\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00n\x92i.#y\xef?&\x00\x00\x00'
-    b'\x1a\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00 \x00\xb6\x81'
-    b'\x00\x00\x00\x00test.txtPK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x006\x00'
-    b'\x00\x00L\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' )
+        b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00n\x92i.#y\xef?&\x00\x00\x00\x1a\x00'
+        b'\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00test.txt\xfa\x10\xa0gly|\xfa-\xc5\xc0=\xf9y'
+        b'\x18\xe0\xa8r\xb3Z}Lg\xbc\xae\xf9|\x9b\x19\xe4\x8b\xba\xbb)\x8c\xb0\xdbl'
+        b'PK\x01\x02\x14\x00\x14\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00n\x92i.#y\xef?&\x00\x00\x00'
+        b'\x1a\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00 \x00\xb6\x81'
+        b'\x00\x00\x00\x00test.txtPK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x006\x00'
+        b'\x00\x00L\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' )
     data2 = (
-    b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x00\t\x00\x08\x00\xcf}38xu\xaa\xb2\x14\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02'
-    b'\x00\x00\x04\x00\x15\x00zeroUT\t\x00\x03\xd6\x8b\x92G\xda\x8b\x92GUx\x04'
-    b'\x00\xe8\x03\xe8\x03\xc7<M\xb5a\xceX\xa3Y&\x8b{oE\xd7\x9d\x8c\x98\x02\xc0'
-    b'PK\x07\x08xu\xaa\xb2\x14\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00PK\x01\x02\x17\x03'
-    b'\x14\x00\t\x00\x08\x00\xcf}38xu\xaa\xb2\x14\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00'
-    b'\x04\x00\r\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xa4\x81\x00\x00\x00\x00ze'
-    b'roUT\x05\x00\x03\xd6\x8b\x92GUx\x00\x00PK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01'
-    b'\x00\x01\x00?\x00\x00\x00[\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' )
+        b'PK\x03\x04\x14\x00\t\x00\x08\x00\xcf}38xu\xaa\xb2\x14\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02'
+        b'\x00\x00\x04\x00\x15\x00zeroUT\t\x00\x03\xd6\x8b\x92G\xda\x8b\x92GUx\x04'
+        b'\x00\xe8\x03\xe8\x03\xc7<M\xb5a\xceX\xa3Y&\x8b{oE\xd7\x9d\x8c\x98\x02\xc0'
+        b'PK\x07\x08xu\xaa\xb2\x14\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00PK\x01\x02\x17\x03'
+        b'\x14\x00\t\x00\x08\x00\xcf}38xu\xaa\xb2\x14\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00'
+        b'\x04\x00\r\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xa4\x81\x00\x00\x00\x00ze'
+        b'roUT\x05\x00\x03\xd6\x8b\x92GUx\x00\x00PK\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01'
+        b'\x00\x01\x00?\x00\x00\x00[\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' )
 
     plain = b'zipfile.py encryption test'
     plain2 = b'\x00'*512
@@ -1599,7 +1662,7 @@ class AbstractUniversalNewlineTests:
         # Read the ZIP archive
         with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "r") as zipfp:
             for sep, fn in self.arcfiles.items():
-                with zipfp.open(fn, "rU") as fp:
+                with openU(zipfp, fn) as fp:
                     zipdata = fp.read()
                 self.assertEqual(self.arcdata[sep], zipdata)
 
@@ -1613,7 +1676,7 @@ class AbstractUniversalNewlineTests:
         # Read the ZIP archive
         with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "r") as zipfp:
             for sep, fn in self.arcfiles.items():
-                with zipfp.open(fn, "rU") as zipopen:
+                with openU(zipfp, fn) as zipopen:
                     data = b''
                     while True:
                         read = zipopen.readline()
@@ -1638,7 +1701,7 @@ class AbstractUniversalNewlineTests:
         # Read the ZIP archive
         with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "r") as zipfp:
             for sep, fn in self.arcfiles.items():
-                with zipfp.open(fn, "rU") as zipopen:
+                with openU(zipfp, fn) as zipopen:
                     for line in self.line_gen:
                         linedata = zipopen.readline()
                         self.assertEqual(linedata, line + b'\n')
@@ -1653,7 +1716,7 @@ class AbstractUniversalNewlineTests:
         # Read the ZIP archive
         with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "r") as zipfp:
             for sep, fn in self.arcfiles.items():
-                with zipfp.open(fn, "rU") as fp:
+                with openU(zipfp, fn) as fp:
                     ziplines = fp.readlines()
                 for line, zipline in zip(self.line_gen, ziplines):
                     self.assertEqual(zipline, line + b'\n')
@@ -1668,7 +1731,7 @@ class AbstractUniversalNewlineTests:
         # Read the ZIP archive
         with zipfile.ZipFile(f, "r") as zipfp:
             for sep, fn in self.arcfiles.items():
-                with zipfp.open(fn, "rU") as fp:
+                with openU(zipfp, fn) as fp:
                     for line, zipline in zip(self.line_gen, fp):
                         self.assertEqual(zipline, line + b'\n')
 
@@ -1702,6 +1765,5 @@ class LzmaUniversalNewlineTests(AbstractUniversalNewlineTests,
                                 unittest.TestCase):
     compression = zipfile.ZIP_LZMA
 
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipfile64.py b/Lib/test/test_zipfile64.py
index a8fb7aba54..498d464db3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipfile64.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipfile64.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class TestsWithSourceFile(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def zipTest(self, f, compression):
         # Create the ZIP archive.
-        zipfp = zipfile.ZipFile(f, "w", compression, allowZip64=True)
+        zipfp = zipfile.ZipFile(f, "w", compression)
 
         # It will contain enough copies of self.data to reach about 6GB of
         # raw data to store.
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class OtherTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def testMoreThan64kFiles(self):
         # This test checks that more than 64k files can be added to an archive,
         # and that the resulting archive can be read properly by ZipFile
-        zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, mode="w")
+        zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, mode="w", allowZip64=False)
         zipf.debug = 100
         numfiles = (1 << 16) * 3//2
         for i in range(numfiles):
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py b/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py
index 37603b9bcd..1e351c8c8a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipimport.py
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import sys
 import os
 import marshal
-import imp
+import importlib.util
 import struct
 import time
 import unittest
 
 from test import support
-from test.test_importhooks import ImportHooksBaseTestCase, test_src, test_co
 
 from zipfile import ZipFile, ZipInfo, ZIP_STORED, ZIP_DEFLATED
 
@@ -17,6 +16,14 @@ import doctest
 import inspect
 import io
 from traceback import extract_tb, extract_stack, print_tb
+
+test_src = """\
+def get_name():
+    return __name__
+def get_file():
+    return __file__
+"""
+test_co = compile(test_src, "<???>", "exec")
 raise_src = 'def do_raise(): raise TypeError\n'
 
 def make_pyc(co, mtime, size):
@@ -27,7 +34,8 @@ def make_pyc(co, mtime, size):
             mtime = int(mtime)
         else:
             mtime = int(-0x100000000 + int(mtime))
-    pyc = imp.get_magic() + struct.pack("<ii", int(mtime), size & 0xFFFFFFFF) + data
+    pyc = (importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER +
+        struct.pack("<ii", int(mtime), size & 0xFFFFFFFF) + data)
     return pyc
 
 def module_path_to_dotted_name(path):
@@ -42,10 +50,27 @@ TESTPACK = "ziptestpackage"
 TESTPACK2 = "ziptestpackage2"
 TEMP_ZIP = os.path.abspath("junk95142.zip")
 
-pyc_file = imp.cache_from_source(TESTMOD + '.py')
+pyc_file = importlib.util.cache_from_source(TESTMOD + '.py')
 pyc_ext = ('.pyc' if __debug__ else '.pyo')
 
 
+class ImportHooksBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.path = sys.path[:]
+        self.meta_path = sys.meta_path[:]
+        self.path_hooks = sys.path_hooks[:]
+        sys.path_importer_cache.clear()
+        self.modules_before = support.modules_setup()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        sys.path[:] = self.path
+        sys.meta_path[:] = self.meta_path
+        sys.path_hooks[:] = self.path_hooks
+        sys.path_importer_cache.clear()
+        support.modules_cleanup(*self.modules_before)
+
+
 class UncompressedZipImportTestCase(ImportHooksBaseTestCase):
 
     compression = ZIP_STORED
@@ -196,6 +221,7 @@ class UncompressedZipImportTestCase(ImportHooksBaseTestCase):
             for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
                 zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
                 zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
+                zinfo.comment = b"spam"
                 z.writestr(zinfo, data)
             z.close()
 
@@ -245,6 +271,7 @@ class UncompressedZipImportTestCase(ImportHooksBaseTestCase):
             for name, (mtime, data) in files.items():
                 zinfo = ZipInfo(name, time.localtime(mtime))
                 zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
+                zinfo.comment = b"eggs"
                 z.writestr(zinfo, data)
             z.close()
 
@@ -459,7 +486,7 @@ class BadFileZipImportTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
             self.assertRaises(error, z.load_module, 'abc')
             self.assertRaises(error, z.get_code, 'abc')
-            self.assertRaises(IOError, z.get_data, 'abc')
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, z.get_data, 'abc')
             self.assertRaises(error, z.get_source, 'abc')
             self.assertRaises(error, z.is_package, 'abc')
         finally:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipimport_support.py b/Lib/test/test_zipimport_support.py
index f7f3398015..84ba5e047a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipimport_support.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipimport_support.py
@@ -227,13 +227,15 @@ class ZipSupportTests(unittest.TestCase):
             p = spawn_python(script_name)
             p.stdin.write(b'l\n')
             data = kill_python(p)
-            self.assertIn(script_name.encode('utf-8'), data)
+            # bdb/pdb applies normcase to its filename before displaying
+            self.assertIn(os.path.normcase(script_name.encode('utf-8')), data)
             zip_name, run_name = make_zip_script(d, "test_zip",
                                                 script_name, '__main__.py')
             p = spawn_python(zip_name)
             p.stdin.write(b'l\n')
             data = kill_python(p)
-            self.assertIn(run_name.encode('utf-8'), data)
+            # bdb/pdb applies normcase to its filename before displaying
+            self.assertIn(os.path.normcase(run_name.encode('utf-8')), data)
 
 
 def test_main():
diff --git a/Lib/test/tf_inherit_check.py b/Lib/test/tf_inherit_check.py
index 92ebd95e52..afe50d2325 100644
--- a/Lib/test/tf_inherit_check.py
+++ b/Lib/test/tf_inherit_check.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ try:
 
     try:
         os.write(fd, b"blat")
-    except os.error:
+    except OSError:
         # Success -- could not write to fd.
         sys.exit(0)
     else: