diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/c-api/import.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/c-api/import.rst | 101 |
1 files changed, 65 insertions, 36 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/import.rst b/Doc/c-api/import.rst index ff79112edf..cf48363e10 100644 --- a/Doc/c-api/import.rst +++ b/Doc/c-api/import.rst @@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ Importing Modules ================= -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModule(const char *name) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModule(const char *name) .. index:: single: package variable; __all__ single: __all__ (package variable) single: modules (in module sys) - This is a simplified interface to :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModuleEx` below, + This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleEx` below, leaving the *globals* and *locals* arguments set to *NULL* and *level* set to 0. When the *name* argument contains a dot (when it specifies a submodule of a package), the @@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ Importing Modules This function always uses absolute imports. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(const char *name) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(const char *name) - This version of :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModule` does not block. It's intended + This version of :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` does not block. It's intended to be used in C functions that import other modules to execute a function. The import may block if another thread holds the import lock. The function - :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` never blocks. It first tries to fetch - the module from sys.modules and falls back to :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModule` + :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` never blocks. It first tries to fetch + the module from sys.modules and falls back to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` unless the lock is held, in which case the function will raise an :exc:`ImportError`. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist) .. index:: builtin: __import__ @@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ Importing Modules was given. Failing imports remove incomplete module objects, like with - :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModule`. + :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleLevel(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist, int level) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleLevel(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist, int level) Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function :func:`__import__`, as the standard :func:`__import__` function calls @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Importing Modules top-level package, unless a non-empty *fromlist* was given. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_Import(PyObject *name) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_Import(PyObject *name) This is a higher-level interface that calls the current "import hook function" (with an explicit *level* of 0, meaning absolute import). It @@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ Importing Modules This function always uses absolute imports. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m) Reload a module. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, or *NULL* with an exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case). -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_AddModule(const char *name) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_AddModule(const char *name) Return the module object corresponding to a module name. The *name* argument may be of the form ``package.module``. First check the modules dictionary if @@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ Importing Modules .. note:: This function does not load or import the module; if the module wasn't already - loaded, you will get an empty module object. Use :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModule` + loaded, you will get an empty module object. Use :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` or one of its variants to import a module. Package structures implied by a dotted name for *name* are not created if not already present. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModule(char *name, PyObject *co) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModule(char *name, PyObject *co) .. index:: builtin: compile @@ -110,32 +110,61 @@ Importing Modules :func:`compile`, load the module. Return a new reference to the module object, or *NULL* with an exception set if an error occurred. *name* is removed from :attr:`sys.modules` in error cases, even if *name* was already - in :attr:`sys.modules` on entry to :cfunc:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`. Leaving + in :attr:`sys.modules` on entry to :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`. Leaving incompletely initialized modules in :attr:`sys.modules` is dangerous, as imports of such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and probably damaged with respect to the module author's intents) state. + The module's :attr:`__file__` attribute will be set to the code object's + :c:member:`co_filename`. + This function will reload the module if it was already imported. See - :cfunc:`PyImport_ReloadModule` for the intended way to reload a module. + :c:func:`PyImport_ReloadModule` for the intended way to reload a module. If *name* points to a dotted name of the form ``package.module``, any package structures not already created will still not be created. + See also :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx` and + :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`. + + +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *co, char *pathname) + + Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`, but the :attr:`__file__` attribute of + the module object is set to *pathname* if it is non-``NULL``. + + See also :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`. + -.. cfunction:: long PyImport_GetMagicNumber() +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames(char *name, PyObject *co, char *pathname, char *cpathname) + + Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx`, but the :attr:`__cached__` + attribute of the module object is set to *cpathname* if it is + non-``NULL``. Of the three functions, this is the preferred one to use. + + .. versionadded:: 3.2 + +.. c:function:: long PyImport_GetMagicNumber() Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. :file:`.pyc` and :file:`.pyo` files). The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the bytecode file, in little-endian byte order. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_GetModuleDict() +.. c:function:: const char * PyImport_GetMagicTag() + + Return the magic tag string for :pep:`3147` format Python bytecode file + names. + + .. versionadded:: 3.2 + +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_GetModuleDict() Return the dictionary used for the module administration (a.k.a. ``sys.modules``). Note that this is a per-interpreter variable. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_GetImporter(PyObject *path) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyImport_GetImporter(PyObject *path) Return an importer object for a :data:`sys.path`/:attr:`pkg.__path__` item *path*, possibly by fetching it from the :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` @@ -146,41 +175,41 @@ Importing Modules to the importer object. -.. cfunction:: void _PyImport_Init() +.. c:function:: void _PyImport_Init() Initialize the import mechanism. For internal use only. -.. cfunction:: void PyImport_Cleanup() +.. c:function:: void PyImport_Cleanup() Empty the module table. For internal use only. -.. cfunction:: void _PyImport_Fini() +.. c:function:: void _PyImport_Fini() Finalize the import mechanism. For internal use only. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* _PyImport_FindExtension(char *, char *) +.. c:function:: PyObject* _PyImport_FindExtension(char *, char *) For internal use only. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* _PyImport_FixupExtension(char *, char *) +.. c:function:: PyObject* _PyImport_FixupExtension(char *, char *) For internal use only. -.. cfunction:: int PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(char *name) +.. c:function:: int PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(char *name) Load a frozen module named *name*. Return ``1`` for success, ``0`` if the module is not found, and ``-1`` with an exception set if the initialization failed. To access the imported module on a successful load, use - :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModule`. (Note the misnomer --- this function would + :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`. (Note the misnomer --- this function would reload the module if it was already imported.) -.. ctype:: struct _frozen +.. c:type:: struct _frozen .. index:: single: freeze utility @@ -196,30 +225,30 @@ Importing Modules }; -.. cvar:: struct _frozen* PyImport_FrozenModules +.. c:var:: struct _frozen* PyImport_FrozenModules - This pointer is initialized to point to an array of :ctype:`struct _frozen` + This pointer is initialized to point to an array of :c:type:`struct _frozen` records, terminated by one whose members are all *NULL* or zero. When a frozen module is imported, it is searched in this table. Third-party code could play tricks with this to provide a dynamically created collection of frozen modules. -.. cfunction:: int PyImport_AppendInittab(const char *name, PyObject* (*initfunc)(void)) +.. c:function:: int PyImport_AppendInittab(const char *name, PyObject* (*initfunc)(void)) Add a single module to the existing table of built-in modules. This is a - convenience wrapper around :cfunc:`PyImport_ExtendInittab`, returning ``-1`` if + convenience wrapper around :c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab`, returning ``-1`` if the table could not be extended. The new module can be imported by the name *name*, and uses the function *initfunc* as the initialization function called on the first attempted import. This should be called before - :cfunc:`Py_Initialize`. + :c:func:`Py_Initialize`. -.. ctype:: struct _inittab +.. c:type:: struct _inittab Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules. Each of these structures gives the name and initialization function for a module built into the interpreter. Programs which embed Python may use an array of these - structures in conjunction with :cfunc:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` to provide + structures in conjunction with :c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` to provide additional built-in modules. The structure is defined in :file:`Include/import.h` as:: @@ -229,11 +258,11 @@ Importing Modules }; -.. cfunction:: int PyImport_ExtendInittab(struct _inittab *newtab) +.. c:function:: int PyImport_ExtendInittab(struct _inittab *newtab) Add a collection of modules to the table of built-in modules. The *newtab* array must end with a sentinel entry which contains *NULL* for the :attr:`name` field; failure to provide the sentinel value can result in a memory fault. Returns ``0`` on success or ``-1`` if insufficient memory could be allocated to extend the internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to the - internal table. This should be called before :cfunc:`Py_Initialize`. + internal table. This should be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`. |