diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Misc')
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/ACKS | 75 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/NEWS | 4368 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/Porting | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/README | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/README.Emacs | 32 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/README.OpenBSD | 38 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/README.klocwork | 30 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/RFD | 114 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/RPM/README | 27 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/RPM/python-3.2.spec (renamed from Misc/RPM/python-3.1.spec) | 63 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/Vim/vimrc | 39 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Misc/build.sh | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/cheatsheet | 2181 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/developers.txt | 346 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/gdbinit | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/maintainers.rst | 314 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/pymemcompat.h | 85 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/python-config.in | 71 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/python-wing3.wpr (renamed from Misc/python-wing.wpr) | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/python-wing4.wpr | 18 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/python.man | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/python.pc.in | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/setuid-prog.c | 176 |
23 files changed, 3603 insertions, 4434 deletions
@@ -12,19 +12,27 @@ PS: In the standard Python distribution, this file is encoded in UTF-8 and the list is in rough alphabetical order by last names. David Abrahams +Ron Adam Jim Ahlstrom Farhan Ahmad +Matthew Ahrens +Nir Aides Yaniv Aknin Jyrki Alakuijala +Ray Allen Billy G. Allie Kevin Altis Joe Amenta Mark Anacker +Shashwat Anand Anders Andersen John Anderson Erik Andersén Oliver Andrich Ross Andrus +Jon Anglin +Éric Araujo +Alicia Arlen Jason Asbahr David Ascher Chris AtLee @@ -73,6 +81,7 @@ Steven Bethard Stephen Bevan Ron Bickers Natalia B. Bidart +Adrian von Bidder David Binger Dominic Binks Philippe Biondi @@ -88,19 +97,23 @@ Paul Boddie Matthew Boedicker David Bolen Forest Bond +Gawain Bolton Gregory Bond Jurjen Bos Peter Bosch Eric Bouck Thierry Bousch Sebastian Boving +Jeff Bradberry Monty Brandenberg Georg Brandl Christopher Brannon Terrence Brannon +Brian Brazil Dave Brennan Tom Bridgman Richard Brodie +Michael Broghton Daniel Brotsky Jean Brouwers Gary S. Brown @@ -125,6 +138,7 @@ Mike Carlton Terry Carroll Lorenzo M. Catucci Donn Cave +Charles Cazabon Per Cederqvist Octavian Cerna Pascal Chambon @@ -141,6 +155,7 @@ Michael Chermside Albert Chin-A-Young Adal Chiriliuc Matt Chisholm +Anders Chrigström Tom Christiansen Vadim Chugunov David Cinege @@ -154,10 +169,14 @@ Dave Cole Terrence Cole Benjamin Collar Jeffery Collins +Robert Collins Paul Colomiets Denver Coneybeare +Geremy Condra +Juan José Conti Matt Conway David M. Cooke +Jason R. Coombs Greg Copeland Aldo Cortesi David Costanzo @@ -175,6 +194,8 @@ Drew Csillag Joaquin Cuenca Abela John Cugini Tom Culliton +Antonio Cuni +Brian Curtin Lisandro Dalcin Andrew Dalke Lars Damerow @@ -190,6 +211,7 @@ Arnaud Delobelle Erik Demaine Roger Dev Raghuram Devarakonda +Caleb Deveraux Catherine Devlin Scott Dial Toby Dickenson @@ -201,6 +223,7 @@ Yves Dionne Daniel Dittmar Jaromir Dolecek Ismail Donmez +Marcos Donolo Dima Dorfman Yves Dorfsman Cesar Douady @@ -221,10 +244,12 @@ Josip Dzolonga Maxim Dzumanenko Walter Dörwald Hans Eckardt +Rodolpho Eckhardt Grant Edwards John Ehresman Eric Eisner Andrew Eland +Julien Élie Lance Ellinghaus David Ely Jeff Epler @@ -249,6 +274,7 @@ Troy J. Farrell Mark Favas Niels Ferguson Sebastian Fernandez +Florian Festi Vincent Fiack Tomer Filiba Jeffrey Finkelstein @@ -295,6 +321,7 @@ Dinu Gherman Jonathan Giddy Johannes Gijsbers Michael Gilfix +Christoph Gohlke Tim Golden Chris Gonnerman David Goodger @@ -302,6 +329,7 @@ Hans de Graaff Eddy De Greef Duncan Grisby Fabian Groffen +Eric Groo Dag Gruneau Michael Guravage Lars Gustäbel @@ -322,6 +350,7 @@ Barry Hantman Lynda Hardman Derek Harland Jason Harper +Brian Harring Larry Hastings Shane Hathaway Rycharde Hawkes @@ -344,6 +373,7 @@ Kevan Heydon Jason Hildebrand Richie Hindle Konrad Hinsen +Michael Henry David Hobley Tim Hochberg Joerg-Cyril Hoehle @@ -383,8 +413,9 @@ Tony Ingraldi John Interrante Bob Ippolito Atsuo Ishimoto -Paul Jackson +Adam Jackson Ben Jackson +Paul Jackson David Jacobs Kevin Jacobs Kjetil Jacobsen @@ -394,7 +425,7 @@ Jack Jansen Bill Janssen Drew Jenkins Flemming Kjær Jensen -Jiba +MunSic Jeong Orjan Johansen Fredrik Johansson Gregory K. Johnson @@ -414,8 +445,8 @@ Bob Kahn Kurt B. Kaiser Tamito Kajiyama Peter van Kampen +Rafe Kaplan Jacob Kaplan-Moss -Piotr Kasprzyk Lou Kates Hiroaki Kawai Sebastien Keim @@ -433,6 +464,7 @@ Paul Kippes Steve Kirsch Sebastian Kirsche Ron Klatchko +Reid Kleckner Bastian Kleineidam Bob Kline Matthias Klose @@ -441,8 +473,10 @@ Lenny Kneler Pat Knight Greg Kochanski Damon Kohler +Vlad Korolev Joseph Koshy Maksim Kozyarchuk +Stefan Krah Bob Kras Holger Krekel Michael Kremer @@ -454,6 +488,8 @@ Andrew Kuchling Vladimir Kushnir Ross Lagerwall Cameron Laird +Jean-Baptiste "Jiba" Lamy +Torsten Landschoff Łukasz Langa Tino Lange Andrew Langmead @@ -474,6 +510,7 @@ Luc Lefebvre Vincent Legoll Kip Lehman Joerg Lehmann +Robert Lehmann Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton Marc-Andre Lemburg John Lenton @@ -518,6 +555,7 @@ David Marek Doug Marien Alex Martelli Anthony Martin +Owen Martin Sébastien Martini Roger Masse Nick Mathewson @@ -536,6 +574,7 @@ Craig McPheeters Lambert Meertens Bill van Melle Lucas Prado Melo +Ezio Melotti Brian Merrell Luke Mewburn Mike Meyer @@ -557,9 +596,11 @@ Skip Montanaro Paul Moore Derek Morr James A Morrison +Pablo Mouzo Sjoerd Mullender Sape Mullender Michael Muller +Neil Muller R. David Murray Piotr Meyer John Nagle @@ -577,6 +618,7 @@ Samuel Nicolary Gustavo Niemeyer Oscar Nierstrasz Hrvoje Niksic +Gregory Nofi Jesse Noller Bill Noon Stefan Norberg @@ -631,6 +673,7 @@ Neale Pickett Jim St. Pierre Dan Pierson Martijn Pieters +Anand B. Pillai François Pinard Zach Pincus Michael Piotrowski @@ -646,6 +689,7 @@ Donovan Preston Steve Purcell Fernando Pérez Eduardo Pérez +Pierre Quentel Brian Quinlan Anders Qvist Burton Radons @@ -659,6 +703,7 @@ Marc Recht John Redford Terry Reedy Steve Reeves +Lennart Regebro Ofir Reichenberg Sean Reifschneider Michael P. Reilly @@ -666,6 +711,7 @@ Bernhard Reiter Steven Reiz Roeland Rengelink Tim Rice +Francesco Ricciardi Jan Pieter Riegel Armin Rigo Nicholas Riley @@ -675,6 +721,7 @@ Anthony Roach Mark Roberts Jim Robinson Andy Robinson +Mark Roddy Kevin Rodgers Giampaolo Rodola Mike Romberg @@ -691,6 +738,7 @@ Craig Rowland Clinton Roy Paul Rubin Sam Ruby +Demur Rumed Audun S. Runde Rauli Ruohonen Jeff Rush @@ -702,14 +750,17 @@ Hajime Saitou George Sakkis Rich Salz Kevin Samborn +Adrian Sampson Ilya Sandler Mark Sapiro Ty Sarna Ben Sayer +Andrew Schaaf Michael Scharf Andreas Schawo Neil Schemenauer David Scherer +Bob Schmertz Gregor Schmid Ralf Schmitt Michael Schneider @@ -724,6 +775,7 @@ Steven Scott Barry Scott Nick Seidenman Žiga Seilnach +Yury Selivanov Fred Sells Jiwon Seo Roger D. Serwy @@ -731,6 +783,7 @@ Jerry Seutter Denis Severson Ian Seyer Ha Shao +Richard Shapiro Bruce Sherwood Alexander Shigin Pete Shinners @@ -772,6 +825,7 @@ Michael Stone Ken Stox Dan Stromberg Daniel Stutzbach +Andreas Stührk Pal Subbiah Nathan Sullivan Mark Summerfield @@ -783,6 +837,7 @@ Paul Swartz Thenault Sylvain Péter Szabó Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis +Neil Tallim Geoff Talvola Musashi Tamura William Tanksley @@ -790,10 +845,13 @@ Christian Tanzer Steven Taschuk Monty Taylor Amy Taylor +Anatoly Techtonik Tobias Thelen James Thomas Robin Thomas +Jeremy Thurgood Eric Tiedemann +July Tikhonov Tracy Tims Oren Tirosh Jason Tishler @@ -801,6 +859,7 @@ Christian Tismer Frank J. Tobin R Lindsay Todd Bennett Todd +Matias Torchinsky Sandro Tosi Richard Townsend Laurence Tratt @@ -808,21 +867,27 @@ John Tromp Jason Trowbridge Anthony Tuininga Stephen Turner +Theodore Turocy Bill Tutt Doobee R. Tzeck Eren Türkay Lionel Ulmer Roger Upole +Daniel Urban Michael Urman Hector Urtubia Andi Vajda +Case Van Horsen Kyle VanderBeek +Andrew Vant Atul Varma Dmitry Vasiliev Alexandre Vassalotti +Nadeem Vawda Frank Vercruesse Mike Verdone Jaap Vermeulen +Nikita Vetoshkin Al Vezza Jacques A. Vidrine John Viega @@ -835,6 +900,7 @@ Wojtek Walczak Charles Waldman Richard Walker Larry Wall +Kevin Walzer Rodrigo Steinmuller Wanderley Greg Ward Barry Warsaw @@ -869,7 +935,9 @@ Collin Winter Dik Winter Blake Winton Jean-Claude Wippler +Frank Wierzbicki Lars Wirzenius +John Wiseman Chris Withers Stefan Witzel Irek Wlizlo @@ -882,6 +950,7 @@ Gordon Worley Thomas Wouters Heiko Wundram Doug Wyatt +Florent Xicluna Hirokazu Yamamoto Ka-Ping Yee Bob Yodlowski @@ -2,40 +2,40 @@ Python News +++++++++++ -What's New in Python 3.1.4? +What's New in Python 3.2.1? =========================== -*Release date: XXXX-XX-XX* +*Release date: XX-XXX-20XX* Core and Builtins ----------------- +- Issue #11510: Fixed optimizer bug which turned "a,b={1,1}" into "a,b=(1,1)". + +- Issue #11432: A bug was introduced in subprocess.Popen on posix systems with + 3.2.0 where the stdout or stderr file descriptor being the same as the stdin + file descriptor would raise an exception. webbrowser.open would fail. fixed. + - Issue #11450: Don't truncate hg version info in Py_GetBuildInfo() when there are many tags (e.g. when using mq). Patch by Nadeem Vawda. -- Issue #10451: memoryview objects could allow to mutate a readable buffer. - Initial patch by Ross Lagerwall. +- Issue #11246: Fix PyUnicode_FromFormat("%V") to decode the byte string from + UTF-8 (with replace error handler) instead of ISO-8859-1 (in strict mode). + Patch written by Ray Allen. -- Issue #10892: Don't segfault when trying to delete __abstractmethods__ from a - class. +- Issue #11286: Raise a ValueError from calling PyMemoryView_FromBuffer with + a buffer struct having a NULL data pointer. -- Issue #8020: Avoid a crash where the small objects allocator would read - non-Python managed memory while it is being modified by another thread. - Patch by Matt Bandy. +- Issue #11272: On Windows, input() strips '\r' (and not only '\n'), and + sys.stdin uses universal newline (replace '\r\n' by '\n'). -- Issue #8278: On Windows and with a NTFS filesystem, os.stat() and os.utime() - can now handle dates after 2038. +- Issue #10830: Fix PyUnicode_FromFormatV("%c") for non-BMP characters on + narrow build. -- Issue #4236: PyModule_Create2 now checks the import machinery directly - rather than the Py_IsInitialized flag, avoiding a Fatal Python - error in certain circumstances when an import is done in __del__. +- Check for NULL result in PyType_FromSpec. -- Issue #10596: Fix float.__mod__ to have the same behaviour as - float.__divmod__ with respect to signed zeros. -4.0 % 4.0 should be - 0.0, not -0.0. - -- Issue #5587: add a repr to dict_proxy objects. Patch by David Stanek and - Daniel Urban. +- Issue #11386: bytearray.pop() now throws IndexError when the bytearray is + empty, instead of OverflowError. Library ------- @@ -47,6 +47,12 @@ Library which was a regression relative to Python2. Unlike Python2, the last line of the folded body now ends with a carriage return. +- Issue #11560: shutil.unpack_archive now correctly handles the format + parameter. Patch by Evan Dandrea. + +- Issue #11133: fix two cases where inspect.getattr_static can trigger code + execution. Patch by Andreas Stührk. + - Issue #11569: use absolute path to the sysctl command in multiprocessing to ensure that it will be found regardless of the shell PATH. This ensures that multiprocessing.cpu_count works on default installs of MacOSX. @@ -55,10 +61,16 @@ Library not installed. Instead, the zipfile.ZIP_STORED compression is used to create the ZipFile. Patch by Natalia B. Bidart. +- Issue #11554: Fixed support for Japanese codecs; previously the body output + encoding was not done if euc-jp or shift-jis was specified as the charset. + +- Issue #11500: Fixed a bug in the os x proxy bypass code for fully qualified + IP addresses in the proxy exception list. + - Issue #11491: dbm.error is no longer raised when dbm.open is called with the "n" as the flag argument and the file exists. The behavior matches the documentation and general logic. - + - Issue #11131: Fix sign of zero in decimal.Decimal plus and minus operations when the rounding mode is ROUND_FLOOR. @@ -69,49 +81,221 @@ Library ``mmap.PROT_READ|mmap.PROT_EXEC`` would segfault instead of raising a TypeError. Patch by Charles-François Natali. +- Issue #11306: mailbox in certain cases adapts to an inability to open + certain files in read-write mode. Previously it detected this by + checking for EACCES, now it also checks for EROFS. + - Issue #11265: asyncore now correctly handles EPIPE, EBADF and EAGAIN errors on accept(), send() and recv(). -- Issue #10276: Fix the results of zlib.crc32() and zlib.adler32() on buffers - larger than 4GB. Patch by Nadeem Vawda. +- Issue #11326: Add the missing connect_ex() implementation for SSL sockets, + and make it work for non-blocking connects. + +- Issue #7322: Trying to read from a socket's file-like object after a timeout + occurred now raises an error instead of silently losing data. + +- Issue #10956: Buffered I/O classes retry reading or writing after a signal + has arrived and the handler returned successfully. + +- Issue #11224: Fixed a regression in tarfile that affected the file-like + objects returned by TarFile.extractfile() regarding performance, memory + consumption and failures with the stream interface. + +- Issue #11074: Make 'tokenize' so it can be reloaded. - Issue #4681: Allow mmap() to work on file sizes and offsets larger than 4GB, even on 32-bit builds. Initial patch by Ross Lagerwall, adapted for 32-bit Windows. -- email.header.Header was incorrectly encoding folding white space when - rfc2047-encoding header values with embedded newlines, leaving them - without folding whitespace. It now uses the continuation_ws, as it - does for continuation lines that it creates itself. +- Issue #11089: Fix performance issue limiting the use of ConfigParser() + with large config files. -- Issue #10360: In WeakSet, do not raise TypeErrors when testing for - membership of non-weakrefable objects. +- Issue #10276: Fix the results of zlib.crc32() and zlib.adler32() on buffers + larger than 4GB. Patch by Nadeem Vawda. -- Issue #10549: Fix pydoc traceback when text-documenting certain classes. +Build +----- -- Issue #11110: Fix _sqlite to not deref a NULL when module creation fails. +- Issue #11411: Fix 'make DESTDIR=' with a relative destination. -- Issue #11089: Fix performance issue limiting the use of ConfigParser() - with large config files. +- Issue #11268: Prevent Mac OS X Installer failure if Documentation + package had previously been installed. + +Tools/Demos +----------- + +- Issue #11179: Make ccbench work under Python 3.1 and 2.7 again. + +Tests +----- + +- Issue #11578: added test for the timeit module. Patch Michael Henry. + +- Issue #11503: improve test coverage of posixpath.py. Patch by Evan Dandrea. + +- Issue #11505: improves test coverage of string.py. Patch by Alicia + Arlen. + +- Issue #11548: Improve test coverage of the shutil module. Patch by + Evan Dandrea. + +- Issue #11554: Reactivated test_email_codecs. + +- Issue #11490: test_subprocess:test_leaking_fds_on_error no longer gives a + false positive if the last directory in the path is inaccessible. + +- Issue #11223: Fix test_threadsignals to fail, not hang, when the + non-semaphore implementation of locks is used under POSIX. + +- Issue #10911: Add tests on CGI with non-ASCII characters. Patch written by + Pierre Quentel. + +- Issue #9931: Fix hangs in GUI tests under Windows in certain conditions. + Patch by Hirokazu Yamamoto. + +- Issue #10826: Prevent sporadic failure in test_subprocess on Solaris due + to open door files. + + +What's New in Python 3.2? +========================= + +*Release date: 20-Feb-2011* + +Core and Builtins +----------------- + +- Issue #11249: Fix potential crashes when using the limited API. + +Build +----- + +- Issue #11222: Fix non-framework shared library build on Mac OS X. + +- Issue #11184: Fix large-file support on AIX. + +- Issue #941346: Fix broken shared library build on AIX. + +Documentation +------------- + +- Issue #10709: Add updated AIX notes in Misc/README.AIX. + + +What's New in Python 3.2 Release Candidate 3? +============================================= + +*Release date: 13-Feb-2011* + +Core and Builtins +----------------- + +- Issue #11134: Add missing fields to typeslots.h. + +- Issue #11135: Remove redundant doc field from PyType_Spec. + +- Issue #11067: Add PyType_GetFlags, to support PyUnicode_Check in the limited + ABI. + +- Issue #11118: Fix bogus export of None in python3.dll. + +Library +------- + +- Issue #11116: any error during addition of a message to a mailbox now causes a + rollback, instead of leaving the mailbox partially modified. + +- Issue #11132: Fix passing of "optimize" parameter when recursing in + compileall.compile_dir(). + +- Issue #11110: Fix a potential decref of a NULL in sqlite3. + +- Issue #8275: Fix passing of callback arguments with ctypes under Win64. Patch + by Stan Mihai. + +Build +----- -- Issue #8275: Fix passing of callback arguments with ctypes under Win64. - Patch by Stan Mihai. +- Issue #11079: The /Applications/Python x.x folder created by the Mac OS X + installers now includes a link to the installed documentation and no longer + includes an Extras directory. The Tools directory is now installed in the + framework under share/doc. + +- Issue #11121: Fix building with --enable-shared. + +Tests +----- + +- Issue #10971: test_zipimport_support is once again compatible with the refleak + hunter feature of test.regrtest. + + +What's New in Python 3.2 Release Candidate 2? +============================================= + +*Release date: 30-Jan-2011* + +Core and Builtins +----------------- + +- Issue #10451: memoryview objects could allow to mutate a readable buffer. + Initial patch by Ross Lagerwall. + +Library +------- + +- Issue #9124: mailbox now accepts binary input and reads and writes mailbox + files in binary mode, using the email package's binary support to parse + arbitrary email messages. StringIO and text file input is deprecated, + and string input fails early if non-ASCII characters are used, where + previously it would fail when the email was processed in a later step. + +- Issue #10845: Mitigate the incompatibility between the multiprocessing + module on Windows and the use of package, zipfile or directory execution + by special casing main modules that actually *are* called __main__.py. + +- Issue #11045: Protect logging call against None argument. + +- Issue #11052: Correct IDLE menu accelerators on Mac OS X for Save + commands. - Issue #11053: Fix IDLE "Syntax Error" windows to behave as in 2.x, preventing a confusing hung appearance on OS X with the windows obscured. -- Issue #11052: Correct IDLE menu accelerators on Mac OS X for Save - commands. +- Issue #10940: Workaround an IDLE hang on Mac OS X 10.6 when using the + menu accelerators for Open Module, Go to Line, and New Indent Width. + The accelerators still work but no longer appear in the menu items. + +- Issue #10989: Fix a crash on SSLContext.load_verify_locations(None, True). - Issue #11020: Command-line pyclbr was broken because of missing 2-to-3 conversion. +- Issue #11019: Fixed BytesGenerator so that it correctly handles a Message + with a None body. + +- Issue #11014: Make 'filter' argument in tarfile.Tarfile.add() into a + keyword-only argument. The preceding positional argument was deprecated, + so it made no sense to add filter as a positional argument. + +- Issue #11004: Repaired edge case in deque.count(). + - Issue #10974: IDLE no longer crashes if its recent files list includes files with non-ASCII characters in their path names. +- Have hashlib.algorithms_available and hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed both + return sets instead of one returning a tuple and the other a frozenset. + - Issue #10987: Fix the recursion limit handling in the _pickle module. +- Issue #10983: Fix several bugs making tunnel requests in http.client. + +- Issue #10955: zipimport uses ASCII encoding instead of cp437 to decode + filenames, at bootstrap, if the codec registry is not ready yet. It is still + possible to have non-ASCII filenames using the Unicode flag (UTF-8 encoding) + for all file entries in the ZIP file. + - Issue #10949: Improved robustness of rotating file handlers. - Issue #10955: Fix a potential crash when trying to mmap() a file past its @@ -120,24 +304,130 @@ Library - Issue #10898: Allow compiling the posix module when the C library defines a symbol named FSTAT. -- Issue #10916: mmap should not segfault when a file is mapped using 0 as - length and a non-zero offset, and an attempt to read past the end of file - is made (IndexError is raised instead). Patch by Ross Lagerwall. +- Issue #10980: the HTTP server now encodes headers with iso-8859-1 (latin1) + encoding. This is the preferred encoding of PEP 3333 and the base encoding + of HTTP 1.1. + +- To match the behaviour of HTTP server, the HTTP client library now also + encodes headers with iso-8859-1 (latin1) encoding. It was already doing + that for incoming headers which makes this behaviour now consistent in + both incoming and outgoing direction. + +- Issue #9509: argparse now properly handles IOErrors raised by + argparse.FileType. -- Issue #10899: No function type annotations in the standard library. - Removed function type annotations from _pyio.py. +- Issue #10961: The new pydoc server now better handles exceptions raised + during request handling. + +- Issue #10680: Fix mutually exclusive arguments for argument groups in + argparse. + +Build +----- + +- Issue #11054: Allow Mac OS X installer builds to again work on 10.5 with + the system-provided Python. + + +What's New in Python 3.2 Release Candidate 1 +============================================ + +*Release date: 16-Jan-2011* + +Core and Builtins +----------------- + +- Issue #10889: range indexing and slicing now works correctly on ranges with + a length that exceeds sys.maxsize. + +- Issue #10892: Don't segfault when trying to delete __abstractmethods__ from a + class. + +- Issue #8020: Avoid a crash where the small objects allocator would read + non-Python managed memory while it is being modified by another thread. Patch + by Matt Bandy. + +- Issue #10841: On Windows, set the binary mode on stdin, stdout, stderr and all + io.FileIO objects (to not translate newlines, \r\n <=> \n). The Python parser + translates newlines (\r\n => \n). + +- Remove buffer API from stable ABI for now, see #10181. + +- Issue #8651: PyArg_Parse*() functions raise an OverflowError if the file + doesn't have PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN define and the size doesn't fit in an int + (length bigger than 2^31-1 bytes). + +- Issue #9015, #9611: FileIO.readinto(), FileIO.write(), os.write() and + stdprinter.write() clamp the length to 2^31-1 on Windows. + +- Issue #8278: On Windows and with a NTFS filesystem, os.stat() and os.utime() + can now handle dates after 2038. + +- Issue #10780: PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename() and + PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename() decode the filename from the + filesystem encoding instead of UTF-8. + +- Issue #10779: PyErr_WarnExplicit() decodes the filename from the filesystem + encoding instead of UTF-8. + +- Add sys.flags attribute for the new -q command-line option. + +Library +------- + +- Issue #10916: mmap should not segfault when a file is mapped using 0 as length + and a non-zero offset, and an attempt to read past the end of file is made + (IndexError is raised instead). Patch by Ross Lagerwall. + +- Issue #10907: Warn OS X 10.6 IDLE users to use ActiveState Tcl/Tk 8.5, rather + than the currently problematic Apple-supplied one, when running with the + 64-/32-bit installer variant. + +- Issue #4953: cgi.FieldStorage and cgi.parse() parse the request as bytes, not + as unicode, and accept binary files. Add encoding and errors attributes to + cgi.FieldStorage. Patch written by Pierre Quentel (with many inputs by Glenn + Linderman). + +- Add encoding and errors arguments to urllib.parse_qs() and urllib.parse_qsl(). + +- Issue #10899: No function type annotations in the standard library. Removed + function type annotations from _pyio.py. - Issue #10875: Update Regular Expression HOWTO; patch by 'SilentGhost'. -- Issue #10869: Fixed bug where ast.increment_lineno modified the root - node twice. +- Issue #10872: The repr() of TextIOWrapper objects now includes the mode + if available. + +- Issue #10869: Fixed bug where ast.increment_lineno modified the root node + twice. - Issue #5871: email.header.Header.encode now raises an error if any - continuation line in the formatted value has no leading white space - and looks like a header. Since Generator uses Header to format all - headers, this check is made for all headers in any serialized message - at serialization time. This provides protection against header - injection attacks. + continuation line in the formatted value has no leading white space and looks + like a header. Since Generator uses Header to format all headers, this check + is made for all headers in any serialized message at serialization time. This + provides protection against header injection attacks. + +- Issue #10859: Make ``contextlib.GeneratorContextManager`` officially + private by renaming it to ``_GeneratorContextManager``. + +- Issue #10042: Fixed the total_ordering decorator to handle cross-type + comparisons that could lead to infinite recursion. + +- Issue #10686: the email package now :rfc:`2047`\ -encodes headers with + non-ASCII bytes (parsed by a Bytes Parser) when doing conversion to 7bit-clean + presentation, instead of replacing them with ?s. + +- email.header.Header was incorrectly encoding folding white space when + rfc2047-encoding header values with embedded newlines, leaving them without + folding whitespace. It now uses the continuation_ws, as it does for + continuation lines that it creates itself. + +- Issue #1777412, #10827: Changed the rules for 2-digit years. The + time.asctime(), time.ctime() and time.strftime() functions will now format + any year when ``time.accept2dyear`` is False and will accept years >= 1000 + otherwise. ``time.mktime`` and ``time.strftime`` now accept full range + supported by the OS. With Visual Studio or on Solaris, the year is limited to + the range [1; 9999]. Conversion of 2-digit years to 4-digit is deprecated. - Issue #7858: Raise an error properly when os.utime() fails under Windows on an existing file. @@ -145,43 +435,222 @@ Library - Issue #3839: wsgiref should not override a Content-Length header set by the application. Initial patch by Clovis Fabricio. +- Issue #10492: bdb.Bdb.run() only traces the execution of the code, not the + compilation (if the input is a string). + +- Issue #7995: When calling accept() on a socket with a timeout, the returned + socket is now always blocking, regardless of the operating system. + +- Issue #10756: atexit normalizes the exception before displaying it. Patch by + Andreas Stührk. + - Issue #10790: email.header.Header.append's charset logic now works correctly for charsets whose output codec is different from its input codec. -- Issue #6643: Reinitialize locks held within the threading module after fork - to avoid a potential rare deadlock or crash on some platforms. +- Issue #10819: SocketIO.name property returns -1 when its closed, instead of + raising a ValueError, to fix repr(). + +- Issue #8650: zlib.compress() and zlib.decompress() raise an OverflowError if + the input buffer length doesn't fit into an unsigned int (length bigger than + 2^32-1 bytes). + +- Issue #6643: Reinitialize locks held within the threading module after fork to + avoid a potential rare deadlock or crash on some platforms. + +- Issue #10806, issue #9905: Fix subprocess pipes when some of the standard file + descriptors (0, 1, 2) are closed in the parent process. Initial patch by Ross + Lagerwall. + +- `unittest.TestCase` can be instantiated without a method name; for simpler + exploration from the interactive interpreter. + +- Issue #10798: Reject supporting concurrent.futures if the system has too + few POSIX semaphores. + +- Issue #10807: Remove base64, bz2, hex, quopri, rot13, uu and zlib codecs from + the codec aliases. They are still accessible via codecs.lookup(). + +- Issue #10801: In zipfile, support different encodings for the header and the + filenames. -- Issue #10806, issue #9905: Fix subprocess pipes when some of the standard - file descriptors (0, 1, 2) are closed in the parent process. Initial - patch by Ross Lagerwall. +- Issue #6285: IDLE no longer crashes on missing help file; patch by Scott + David Daniels. -- Issue 10753 - Characters ';','=' and ',' in the PATH_INFO environment - variable won't be quoted when the URI is constructed by the wsgiref.util 's - request_uri method. According to RFC 3986, these characters can be a part of - params in PATH component of URI and need not be quoted. +- Fix collections.OrderedDict.setdefault() so that it works in subclasses that + define __missing__(). -- Issue 10738: Fix webbrowser.Opera.raise_opts +- Issue #10786: unittest.TextTestRunner default stream no longer bound at import + time. `sys.stderr` now looked up at instantiation time. Fix contributed by + Mark Roddy. -- Issue 9824: SimpleCookie now encodes , and ; in values to cater to how +- Issue #10753: Characters ';','=' and ',' in the PATH_INFO environment variable + won't be quoted when the URI is constructed by the wsgiref.util 's request_uri + method. According to RFC 3986, these characters can be a part of params in + PATH component of URI and need not be quoted. + +- Issue #10738: Fix webbrowser.Opera.raise_opts. + +- Issue #9824: SimpleCookie now encodes , and ; in values to cater to how browsers actually parse cookies. +- Issue #9333: os.symlink now available regardless of user privileges. The + function now raises OSError on Windows >=6.0 when the user is unable to create + symbolic links. XP and 2003 still raise NotImplementedError. + +- Issue #10783: struct.pack() no longer implicitly encodes unicode to UTF-8. + +- Issue #10730: Add SVG mime types to mimetypes module. + +- Issue #10768: Make the Tkinter ScrolledText widget work again. + +- Issue #10777: Fix "dictionary changed size during iteration" bug in + ElementTree register_namespace(). + +- Issue #10626: test_logging now preserves logger disabled states. + +- Issue #10774: test_logging now removes temp files created during tests. + - Issue #5258/#10642: if site.py encounters a .pth file that generates an error, it now prints the filename, line number, and traceback to stderr and skips the rest of that individual file, instead of stopping processing entirely. +- Issue #10763: subprocess.communicate() closes stdout and stderr if both are + pipes (bug specific to Windows). + +- Issue #1693546: fix email.message RFC 2231 parameter encoding to be in better + compliance (no "s around encoded values). + +- Improved the diff message in the unittest module's assertCountEqual(). + +- Issue #1155362: email.utils.parsedate_tz now handles a missing space before + the '-' of a timezone field as well as before a '+'. + - Issue #4871: The zipfile module now gives a more useful error message if an attempt is made to use a string to specify the archive password. - Issue #10750: The ``raw`` attribute of buffered IO objects is now read-only. +- Deprecated assertDictContainsSubset() in the unittest module. + +C-API +----- + +- Issue #10913: Deprecate misleading functions PyEval_AcquireLock() and + PyEval_ReleaseLock(). The thread-state aware APIs should be used instead. + +- Issue #10333: Remove ancient GC API, which has been deprecated since Python + 2.2. + +Build +----- + +- Issue #10843: Update third-party library versions used in OS X 32-bit + installer builds: bzip2 1.0.6, readline 6.1.2, SQLite 3.7.4 (with FTS3/FTS4 + and RTREE enabled), and ncursesw 5.5 (wide-char support enabled). + +- Issue #10820: Fix OS X framework installs to support version-specific + scripts (#10679). + +- Issue #7716: Under Solaris, don't assume existence of /usr/xpg4/bin/grep in + the configure script but use $GREP instead. Patch by Fabian Groffen. + +- Issue #10475: Don't hardcode compilers for LDSHARED/LDCXXSHARED on NetBSD + and DragonFly BSD. Patch by Nicolas Joly. + +- Issue #10679: The "idle", "pydoc" and "2to3" scripts are now installed with + a version-specific suffix on "make altinstall". + +- Issue #10655: Fix the build on PowerPC on Linux with GCC when building with + timestamp profiling (--with-tsc): the preprocessor test for the PowerPC + support now looks for "__powerpc__" as well as "__ppc__": the latter seems to + only be present on OS X; the former is the correct one for Linux with GCC. + +- Issue #1099: Fix the build on MacOSX when building a framework with pydebug + using GCC 4.0. + +Tools/Demos +----------- + +- Issue #10843: Install the Tools directory on OS X in the applications Extras + (/Applications/Python 3.n/Extras/) where the Demo directory had previous been + installed. + +- Issue #7962: The Demo directory is gone. Most of the old and unmaintained + demos have been removed, others integrated in documentation or a new + Tools/demo subdirectory. + +- Issue #10502: Addition of the unittestgui tool. Originally by Steve Purcell. + Updated for test discovery by Mark Roddy and Python 3 compatibility by Brian + Curtin. + +Tests +----- + +- Issue #10822: Fix test_posix:test_getgroups failure under Solaris. Patch + by Ross Lagerwall. + +- Make the --coverage flag work for test.regrtest. + +- Issue #1677694: Refactor and improve test_timeout. Original patch by + Björn Lindqvist. + +- Issue #5485: Add tests for the UseForeignDTD method of expat parser objects. + Patch by Jean-Paul Calderone and Sandro Tosi. + +- Issue #6293: Have regrtest.py echo back sys.flags. This is done by default in + whole runs and enabled selectively using ``--header`` when running an explicit + list of tests. Original patch by Collin Winter. + + +What's New in Python 3.2 Beta 2? +================================ + +*Release date: 19-Dec-2010* + +Core and Builtins +----------------- + +- Issue #8844: Regular and recursive lock acquisitions can now be interrupted + by signals on platforms using pthreads. Patch by Reid Kleckner. + +- Issue #4236: PyModule_Create2 now checks the import machinery directly + rather than the Py_IsInitialized flag, avoiding a Fatal Python + error in certain circumstances when an import is done in __del__. + +- Issue #5587: add a repr to dict_proxy objects. Patch by David Stanek and + Daniel Urban. + +Library +------- + +- Issue #3243: Support iterable bodies in httplib. Patch Contributions by + Xuanji Li and Chris AtLee. + +- Issue #10611: SystemExit exception will no longer kill a unittest run. + +- Issue #9857: It is now possible to skip a test in a setUp, tearDown or clean + up function. + +- Issue #10573: use actual/expected consistently in unittest methods. + The order of the args of assertCountEqual is also changed. + +- Issue #9286: email.utils.parseaddr no longer concatenates blank-separated + words in the local part of email addresses, thereby preserving the input. + - Issue #6791: Limit header line length (to 65535 bytes) in http.client and http.server, to avoid denial of services from the other party. - Issue #10404: Use ctl-button-1 on OSX for the context menu in Idle. +- Issue #9907: Fix tab handling on OSX when using editline by calling + rl_initialize first, then setting our custom defaults, then reading .editrc. + - Issue #4188: Avoid creating dummy thread objects when logging operations from the threading module (with the internal verbose flag activated). +- Issue #10711: Remove HTTP 0.9 support from http.client. The ``strict`` + parameter to HTTPConnection and friends is deprecated. + - Issue #9721: Fix the behavior of urljoin when the relative url starts with a ';' character. Patch by Wes Chow. @@ -190,118 +659,240 @@ Library - Issue #9558: Fix distutils.command.build_ext with VS 8.0. +- Issue #10667: Fast path for collections.Counter(). + - Issue #10695: passing the port as a string value to telnetlib no longer causes debug mode to fail. - Issue #1078919: add_header now automatically RFC2231 encodes parameters that contain non-ascii values. +- Issue #10188 (partial resolution): tempfile.TemporaryDirectory emits + a warning on sys.stderr rather than throwing a misleading exception + if cleanup fails due to nulling out of modules during shutdown. + Also avoids an AttributeError when mkdtemp call fails and issues + a ResourceWarning on implicit cleanup via __del__. + - Issue #10107: Warn about unsaved files in IDLE on OSX. -- Issue #7904: Changes to urllib.parse.urlsplit to handle schemes as defined by - RFC3986. Anything before :// is considered a scheme and is followed by an - authority (or netloc) and by '/' led path, which is optional. +- Issue #7213: subprocess.Popen's default for close_fds has been changed. + It is now True in most cases other than on Windows when input, output or + error handles are provided. -- Issue #10478: Reentrant calls inside buffered IO objects (for example by - way of a signal handler) now raise a RuntimeError instead of freezing the - current process. - -- Issue #10464: netrc now correctly handles lines with embedded '#' characters. +- Issue #6559: subprocess.Popen has a new pass_fds parameter (actually + added in 3.2beta1) to allow specifying a specific list of file descriptors + to keep open in the child process. - Issue #1731717: Fixed the problem where subprocess.wait() could cause an OSError exception when The OS had been told to ignore SIGCLD in our process or otherwise not wait for exiting child processes. -- Issue #11500: Fixed a bug in the os x proxy bypass code for fully qualified - IP addresses in the proxy exception list. +Tests +----- + +- Issue #775964: test_grp now skips YP/NIS entries instead of failing when + encountering them. + +Tools/Demos +----------- -Extensions ----------- +- Issue #6075: IDLE on Mac OS X now works with both Carbon AquaTk and + Cocoa AquaTk. -- Issue #678250: Make mmap flush a noop on ACCESS_READ and ACCESS_COPY. +- Issue #10710: ``Misc/setuid-prog.c`` is removed from the source tree. + +- Issue #10706: Remove outdated script runtests.sh. Either ``make test`` + or ``python -m test`` should be used instead. Build ----- -- Issue #11411: Fix 'make DESTDIR=' with a relative destination. +- The Windows build now uses Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 and sqlite3 3.7.4. -- Issue #11184: Fix large-file support on AIX. +- Issue #9234: argparse supports alias names for subparsers. -- Issue #941346: Fix broken shared library build on AIX. -- Issue #7716: Under Solaris, don't assume existence of /usr/xpg4/bin/grep in - the configure script but use $GREP instead. Patch by Fabian Groffen. +What's New in Python 3.2 Beta 1? +================================ -- Issue #10475: Don't hardcode compilers for LDSHARED/LDCXXSHARED on NetBSD - and DragonFly BSD. Patch by Nicolas Joly. +*Release date: 05-Dec-2010* -- Issue #10655: Fix the build on PowerPC on Linux with GCC when building with - timestamp profiling (--with-tsc): the preprocessor test for the PowerPC - support now looks for "__powerpc__" as well as "__ppc__": the latter seems to - only be present on OS X; the former is the correct one for Linux with GCC. +Core and Builtins +----------------- -- Issue #1099: Fix the build on MacOSX when building a framework with pydebug - using GCC 4.0. +- Issue #10630: Return dict views from the dict proxy keys()/values()/items() + methods. -Tests ------ +- Issue #10596: Fix float.__mod__ to have the same behaviour as float.__divmod__ + with respect to signed zeros. -4.0 % 4.0 should be 0.0, not -0.0. -- Issue #11490: test_subprocess:test_leaking_fds_on_error no longer gives a - false positive if the last directory in the path is inaccessible. +- Issue #1772833: Add the -q command-line option to suppress copyright and + version output in interactive mode. -- Issue #10822: Fix test_posix:test_getgroups failure under Solaris. Patch - by Ross Lagerwall. +- Provide an *optimize* parameter in the built-in compile() function. -- Issue #6293: Have regrtest.py echo back sys.flags. This is done by default - in whole runs and enabled selectively using ``--header`` when running an - explicit list of tests. Original patch by Collin Winter. +- Fixed several corner case issues on Windows in os.stat/os.lstat related to + reparse points. -- Issue #775964: test_grp now skips YP/NIS entries instead of failing when - encountering them. +- PEP 384 (Defining a Stable ABI) is implemented. -- Issue #7110: regrtest now sends test failure reports and single-failure - tracebacks to stderr rather than stdout. +- Issue #2690: Range objects support negative indices and slicing. +- Issue #9915: Speed up sorting with a key. -What's New in Python 3.1.3? -=========================== +- Issue #8685: Speed up set difference ``a - b`` when source set ``a`` is much + larger than operand ``b``. Patch by Andrew Bennetts. -*Release date: 2010-11-27* +- Issue #10518: Bring back the callable() builtin. -Core and Builtins ------------------ +- Issue #7094: Added alternate formatting (specified by '#') to ``__format__`` + method of float, complex, and Decimal. This allows more precise control over + when decimal points are displayed. -- Issue #10391: Don't dereference invalid memory in error messages in the ast - module. +- Issue #10474: range.count() should return integers. + +- Issue #1574217: isinstance now catches only AttributeError, rather than + masking all errors. Library ------- -- Issue #2236: distutils' mkpath ignored the mode parameter. +- logging: added "handler of last resort". See http://bit.ly/last-resort-handler -- Fix typo in one sdist option (medata-check). +- test.support: Added TestHandler and Matcher classes for better support of + assertions about logging. -- Issue #10323: itertools.islice() now consumes the minimum number of - inputs before stopping. Formerly, the final state of the underlying - iterator was undefined. +- Issue #4391: Use proper plural forms in argparse. -- Issue #10565: The collections.Iterator ABC now checks for both - __iter__ and __next__. +- Issue #10601: sys.displayhook uses 'backslashreplace' error handler on + UnicodeEncodeError. -- Issue #10561: In pdb, clear the breakpoints by the breakpoint number. +- Add the "display" and "undisplay" pdb commands. -- Issue #10459: Update CJK character names to Unicode 5.1. +- Issue #7245: Add a SIGINT handler in pdb that allows to break a program again + after a "continue" command. -- Issue #10092: Properly reset locale in calendar.Locale*Calendar classes. +- Add the "interact" pdb command. -- Issue #6098: Don't claim DOM level 3 conformance in minidom. +- Issue #7905: Actually respect the keyencoding parameter to shelve.Shelf. -- Issue #5762: Fix AttributeError raised by ``xml.dom.minidom`` when an empty - XML namespace attribute is encountered. +- Issue #1569291: Speed up array.repeat(). -- Issue #1710703: Write structures for an empty ZIP archive when a ZipFile is - created in modes 'a' or 'w' and then closed without adding any files. Raise - BadZipfile (rather than IOError) when opening small non-ZIP files. +- Provide an interface to set the optimization level of compilation in + py_compile, compileall and zipfile.PyZipFile. + +- Issue #7904: Changes to urllib.parse.urlsplit to handle schemes as defined by + RFC3986. Anything before :// is considered a scheme and is followed by an + authority (or netloc) and by '/' led path, which is optional. + +- Issue #6045: dbm.gnu databases now support get() and setdefault() methods. + +- Issue #10620: `python -m unittest` can accept file paths instead of module + names for running specific tests. + +- Issue #9424: Deprecate the `unittest.TestCase` methods `assertEquals`, + `assertNotEquals`, `assertAlmostEquals`, `assertNotAlmostEquals` and `assert_` + and replace them with the correct methods in the Python test suite. + +- Issue #10272: The ssl module now raises socket.timeout instead of a generic + SSLError on socket timeouts. + +- Issue #10528: Allow translators to reorder placeholders in localizable + messages from argparse. + +- Issue #10497: Fix incorrect use of gettext in argparse. + +- Issue #10478: Reentrant calls inside buffered IO objects (for example by + way of a signal handler) now raise a RuntimeError instead of freezing the + current process. + +- logging: Added getLogRecordFactory/setLogRecordFactory with docs and tests. + +- Issue #10549: Fix pydoc traceback when text-documenting certain classes. + +- Issue #2001: New HTML server with enhanced Web page features. Patch by Ron + Adam. + +- Issue #10360: In WeakSet, do not raise TypeErrors when testing for membership + of non-weakrefable objects. + +- Issue #940286: pydoc.Helper.help() ignores input/output init parameters. + +- Issue #1745035: Add a command size and data size limit to smtpd.py, to prevent + DoS attacks. Patch by Savio Sena. + +- Issue #4925: Add filename to error message when executable can't be found in + subprocess. + +- Issue #10391: Don't dereference invalid memory in error messages in the ast + module. + +- Issue #10027: st_nlink was not being set on Windows calls to os.stat or + os.lstat. Patch by Hirokazu Yamamoto. + +- Issue #9333: Expose os.symlink only when the SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege is + held by the user's account, i.e., when the function can actually be used. + +- Issue #8879: Add os.link support for Windows. + +- Issue #7911: ``unittest.TestCase.longMessage`` defaults to True for improved + failure messages by default. Patch by Mark Roddy. + +- Issue #1486713: HTMLParser now has an optional tolerant mode where it tries to + guess at the correct parsing of invalid html. + +- Issue #10554: Add context manager support to subprocess.Popen objects. + +- Issue #8989: email.utils.make_msgid now has a domain parameter that can + override the domain name used in the generated msgid. + +- Issue #9299: Add exist_ok parameter to os.makedirs to suppress the 'File + exists' exception when a target directory already exists with the specified + mode. Patch by Ray Allen. + +- Issue #9573: os.fork() now works correctly when triggered as a side effect of + a module import. + +- Issue #10464: netrc now correctly handles lines with embedded '#' characters. + +- Added itertools.accumulate(). + +- Issue #4113: Added custom ``__repr__`` method to ``functools.partial``. + Original patch by Daniel Urban. + +- Issue #10273: Rename `assertRegexpMatches` and `assertRaisesRegexp` to + `assertRegex` and `assertRaisesRegex`. + +- Issue #10535: Enable silenced warnings in unittest by default. + +- Issue #9873: The URL parsing functions in urllib.parse now accept ASCII byte + sequences as input in addition to character strings. + +- Issue #10586: The statistics API for the new functools.lru_cache has been + changed to a single cache_info() method returning a named tuple. + +- Issue #10323: itertools.islice() now consumes the minimum number of inputs + before stopping. Formerly, the final state of the underlying iterator was + undefined. + +- Issue #10565: The collections.Iterator ABC now checks for both __iter__ and + __next__. + +- Issue #10242: Fixed implementation of unittest.ItemsEqual and gave it a new + more informative name, unittest.CountEqual. + +- Issue #10561: In pdb, clear the breakpoints by the breakpoint number. + +- Issue #2986: difflib.SequenceMatcher gets a new parameter, autojunk, which can + be set to False to turn off the previously undocumented 'popularity' + heuristic. Patch by Terry Reedy and Eli Bendersky. + +- Issue #10534: in difflib, expose bjunk and bpopular sets; deprecate + undocumented and now redundant isbjunk and isbpopular methods. + +- Issue #9846: zipfile is now correctly closing underlying file objects. + +- Issue #10459: Update CJK character names to Unicode 6.0. - Issue #4493: urllib.request adds '/' in front of path components which does not start with '/. Common behavior exhibited by browsers and other clients. @@ -309,33 +900,122 @@ Library - Issue #6378: idle.bat now runs with the appropriate Python version rather than the system default. Patch by Sridhar Ratnakumar. +- Issue #10470: 'python -m unittest' will now run test discovery by default, + when no extra arguments have been provided. + +- Issue #3709: BaseHTTPRequestHandler will buffer the headers and write to + output stream only when end_headers is invoked. This is a speedup and an + internal optimization. Patch by endian. + +- Issue #10220: Added inspect.getgeneratorstate. Initial patch by Rodolpho + Eckhardt. + +- Issue #10453: compileall now uses argparse instead of getopt, and thus + provides clean output when called with '-h'. + +- Issue #8078: Add constants for higher baud rates in the termios module. Patch + by Rodolpho Eckhardt. + - Issue #10407: Fix two NameErrors in distutils. -- Issue #10198: fix duplicate header written to wave files when writeframes() - is called without data. +- Issue #10371: Deprecated undocumented functions in the trace module. - Issue #10467: Fix BytesIO.readinto() after seeking into a position after the end of the file. +- configparser: 100% test coverage. + +- Issue #10499: configparser supports pluggable interpolation handlers. The + default classic interpolation handler is called BasicInterpolation. Another + interpolation handler added (ExtendedInterpolation) which supports the syntax + used by zc.buildout (e.g. interpolation between sections). + +- configparser: the SafeConfigParser class has been renamed to ConfigParser. + The legacy ConfigParser class has been removed but its interpolation mechanism + is still available as LegacyInterpolation. + +- configparser: Usage of RawConfigParser is now discouraged for new projects + in favor of ConfigParser(interpolation=None). + - Issue #1682942: configparser supports alternative option/value delimiters. -Build +- Issue #5412: configparser supports mapping protocol access. + +- Issue #9411: configparser supports specifying encoding for read operations. + +- Issue #9421: configparser's getint(), getfloat() and getboolean() methods + accept vars and default arguments just like get() does. + +- Issue #9452: configparser supports reading from strings and dictionaries + (thanks to the mapping protocol API, the latter can be used to copy data + between parsers). + +- configparser: accepted INI file structure is now customizable, including + comment prefixes, name of the DEFAULT section, empty lines in multiline + values, and indentation. + +- Issue 10326: unittest.TestCase instances can be pickled. + +- Issue 9926: Wrapped TestSuite subclass does not get __call__ executed. + +- Issue #9920: Skip tests for cmath.atan and cmath.atanh applied to complex + zeros on systems where the log1p function fails to respect the sign of zero. + This fixes a test failure on AIX. + +- Issue #9732: Addition of getattr_static to the inspect module. + +- Issue #10446: Module documentation generated by pydoc now links to a + version-specific online reference manual. + +- Make the 'No module named' exception message from importlib consistent. + +- Issue #10443: Add the SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths() method. + +- Issue #10440: Support RUSAGE_THREAD as a constant in the resource module. + Patch by Robert Collins. + +- Issue #10429: IMAP.starttls() stored the capabilities as bytes objects, rather + than strings. + +C-API ----- -- Don't run pgen twice when using make -j. +- Issue #10557: Added a new API function, PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII(), + which transforms non-ASCII decimal digits in a Unicode string to their ASCII + equivalents. -- Backport r83399 to allow test_distutils to pass on installed versions. +- Issue #9518: Extend the PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT macro to explicitly + zero-initialize all fields, fixing compiler warnings seen when building + extension modules with gcc with "-Wmissing-field-initializers" (implied by + "-W"). -- Issue #1303434: Generate ZIP file containing all PDBs (already done for rc1). +- Issue #10255: Fix reference leak in Py_InitializeEx(). Patch by Neil + Schemenauer. -- Stop packaging versioncheck tool (already done for rc1). +- structseq.h is now included in Python.h. -- Accept Oracle Berkeley DB 4.8, 5.0 and 5.1 as backend for the dbm extension. +- Loosen PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments to allow dict subclasses. Tests ----- -- Issue #9424: Replace deprecated assert* methods in the Python test suite. +- regrtest.py once again ensures the test directory is removed from sys.path + when it is invoked directly as the __main__ module. + +- `python -m test` can be used to run the test suite as well as `python -m + test.regrtest`. + +- Do not fail test_socket when the IP address of the local hostname cannot be + looked up. + +- Issue #8886: Use context managers throughout test_zipfile. Patch by Eric + Carstensen. + +Build +----- + +- Issue #10325: Fix two issues in the fallback definitions for PY_ULLONG_MAX and + PY_LLONG_MAX that made them unsuitable for use in preprocessor conditionals. Documentation ------------- @@ -343,874 +1023,1448 @@ Documentation - Issue #10299: List the built-in functions in a table in functions.rst. -What's New in Python 3.1.3 release candidate 1? -=============================================== +What's New in Python 3.2 Alpha 4? +================================= -*Release date: 2010-11-13* +*Release date: 13-Nov-2010* Core and Builtins ----------------- +- Issue #10372: Import the warnings module only after the IO library is + initialized, so as to avoid bootstrap issues with the '-W' option. + +- Issue #10293: Remove obsolete field in the PyMemoryView structure, unused + undocumented value PyBUF_SHADOW, and strangely-looking code in + PyMemoryView_GetContiguous. + +- Issue #6081: Add str.format_map(), similar to ``str.format(**mapping)``. + +- If FileIO.__init__ fails, close the file descriptor. + - Issue #10221: dict.pop(k) now has a key error message that includes the missing key (same message d[k] returns for missing keys). -- Issue #5437: A preallocated MemoryError instance should not hold traceback +- Issue #5437: A preallocated MemoryError instance should not keep traceback data (including local variables caught in the stack trace) alive infinitely. -- Issue #10077: Fix logging of site module errors at startup. - - Issue #10186: Fix the SyntaxError caret when the offset is equal to the length of the offending line. -- Issue #9713, #10114: Parser functions (eg. PyParser_ASTFromFile) expects - filenames encoded to the filesystem encoding with surrogateescape error - handler (to support undecodable bytes), instead of UTF-8 in strict mode. +- Issue #10089: Add support for arbitrary -X options on the command line. They + can be retrieved through a new attribute ``sys._xoptions``. -- Issue #10006: type.__abstractmethods__ now raises an AttributeError. As a - result metaclasses can now be ABCs (see #9533). +- Issue #4388: On Mac OS X, decode command line arguments from UTF-8, instead of + the locale encoding. If the LANG (and LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE) environment + variable is not set, the locale encoding is ISO-8859-1, whereas most programs + (including Python) expect UTF-8. Python already uses UTF-8 for the filesystem + encoding and to encode command line arguments on this OS. + +- Issue #9713, #10114: Parser functions (e.g. PyParser_ASTFromFile) expect + filenames encoded to the filesystem encoding with the surrogateescape error + handler (to support undecodable bytes), instead of UTF-8 in strict mode. - Issue #9997: Don't let the name "top" have special significance in scope resolution. -- Issue #9930: Remove bogus subtype check that was causing (e.g.) - float.__rdiv__(2.0, 3) to return NotImplemented instead of the - expected 1.5. +- Issue #9862: Compensate for broken PIPE_BUF in AIX by hard coding its value as + the default 512 when compiling on AIX. -- Issue #9804: ascii() now always represents unicode surrogate pairs as - a single ``\UXXXXXXXX``, regardless of whether the character is printable - or not. Also, the "backslashreplace" error handler now joins surrogate - pairs into a single character on UCS-2 builds. +- Use locale encoding instead of UTF-8 to encode and decode filenames if + Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding is not set. -- Issue #9797: pystate.c wrongly assumed that zero couldn't be a valid - thread-local storage key. +- Issue #10095: fp_setreadl() doesn't reopen the file, instead reuse the file + descriptor. -- Issue #9737: Fix a crash when trying to delete a slice or an item from - a memoryview object. +- Issue #9418: Moved private string methods ``_formatter_parser`` and + ``_formatter_field_name_split`` into a new ``_string`` module. -- Issue #7415: PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject() now uses the new buffer API - properly. Patch by Stefan Behnel. - -- Restore GIL in nis_cat in case of error. - -- Issue #9712: Fix tokenize on identifiers that start with non-ascii names. +- Issue #9992: Remove PYTHONFSENCODING environment variable. -- Issue #9688: __basicsize__ and __itemsize__ must be accessed as Py_ssize_t. +Library +------- -- Issue #5319: Print an error if flushing stdout fails at interpreter - shutdown. +- Issue #10465: fix broken delegating of attributes by gzip._PaddedFile. -- Issue #8814: function annotations (the ``__annotations__`` attribute) - are now included in the set of attributes copied by default by - functools.wraps and functools.update_wrapper. Patch by Terrence Cole. +- Issue #10356: Decimal.__hash__(-1) should return -2. -- Issue #83755: Implicit set-to-frozenset conversion was not thread-safe. +- Issue #1553375: logging: Added stack_info kwarg to display stack information. -- Issue #10068: Global objects which have reference cycles with their module's - dict are now cleared again. This causes issue #7140 to appear again. +- Issue #5111: IPv6 Host in the Header is wrapped inside [ ]. Patch by Chandru. -- Issue #9416: Fix some issues with complex formatting where the - output with no type specifier failed to match the str output: +- Fix Fraction.__hash__ so that Fraction.__hash__(-1) is -2. (See also issue + #10356.) - - format(complex(-0.0, 2.0), '-') omitted the real part from the output, - - format(complex(0.0, 2.0), '-') included a sign and parentheses. +- Issue #4471: Add the IMAP.starttls() method to enable encryption on standard + IMAP4 connections. Original patch by Lorenzo M. Catucci. -- Issue #7616: Fix copying of overlapping memoryview slices with the Intel - compiler. +- Issue #1466065: Add 'validate' option to base64.b64decode to raise an error if + there are non-base64 alphabet characters in the input. -- Issue #8271: during the decoding of an invalid UTF-8 byte sequence, only the - start byte and the continuation byte(s) are now considered invalid, instead - of the number of bytes specified by the start byte. - E.g.: '\xf1\x80AB'.decode('utf-8', 'replace') now returns u'\ufffdAB' and - replaces with U+FFFD only the start byte ('\xf1') and the continuation byte - ('\x80') even if '\xf1' is the start byte of a 4-bytes sequence. - Previous versions returned a single u'\ufffd'. +- Issue #10386: Add __all__ to token module; this simplifies importing in + tokenize module and prevents leaking of private names through ``import *``. -- Issue #6543: Write the traceback in the terminal encoding instead of utf-8. - Fix the encoding of the modules filename. Patch written by Amaury Forgeot - d'Arc. +- Issue #4471: Properly shutdown socket in IMAP.shutdown(). Patch by Lorenzo + M. Catucci. -- Issue #9058: Remove assertions about INT_MAX in UnicodeDecodeError. +- Fix IMAP.login() to work properly. -- Issue #8941: decoding big endian UTF-32 data in UCS-2 builds could crash - the interpreter with characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane - (higher than 0x10000). +- Issue #9244: multiprocessing pool worker processes could terminate + unexpectedly if the return value of a task could not be pickled. Only the + ``repr`` of such errors are now sent back, wrapped in an + ``MaybeEncodingError`` exception. -- In the str.format(), raise a ValueError when indexes to arguments are too - large. +- Issue #9244: The ``apply_async()`` and ``map_async()`` methods of + ``multiprocessing.Pool`` now accepts a ``error_callback`` argument. This can + be a callback with the signature ``callback(exc)``, which will be called if + the target raises an exception. -- Issue #8766: Initialize _warnings module before importing the first module. - Fix a crash if an empty directory called "encodings" exists in sys.path. +- Issue #10022: The dictionary returned by the ``getpeercert()`` method of SSL + sockets now has additional items such as ``issuer`` and ``notBefore``. -- PyObject_Dump() encodes unicode objects to utf8 with backslashreplace - (instead of strict) error handler to escape surrogates +- ``usenetrc`` is now false by default for NNTP objects. -- Issue #8124: PySys_WriteStdout() and PySys_WriteStderr() don't execute - indirectly Python signal handlers anymore because mywrite() ignores - exceptions (KeyboardInterrupt) +- Issue #1926: Add support for NNTP over SSL on port 563, as well as STARTTLS. + Patch by Andrew Vant. -- Issue #8092: Fix PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8() to support error handler producing - unicode string (eg. backslashreplace) +- Issue #10335: Add tokenize.open(), detect the file encoding using + tokenize.detect_encoding() and open it in read only mode. -- Issue #8014: Setting a T_UINT or T_PYSSIZET attribute of an object with - PyMemberDefs could produce an internal error; raise TypeError instead. +- Issue #10321: Add support for binary data to smtplib.SMTP.sendmail, and a new + method send_message to send an email.message.Message object. -- Issue #8417: Raise an OverflowError when an integer larger than sys.maxsize is - passed to bytes or bytearray. +- Issue #6011: sysconfig and distutils.sysconfig use the surrogateescape error + handler to parse the Makefile file. Avoid a UnicodeDecodeError if the source + code directory name contains a non-ASCII character and the locale encoding is + ASCII. -- Issue #8329: Don't return the same lists from select.select when no fds are - changed. +- Issue #10329: The trace module writes reports using the input Python script + encoding, instead of the locale encoding. Patch written by Alexander + Belopolsky. -- Raise a TypeError when trying to delete a T_STRING_INPLACE struct member. +- Issue #10126: Fix distutils' test_build when Python was built with + --enable-shared. -- Issue #8226: sys.setfilesystemencoding() raises a LookupError if the encoding - is unknown +- Issue #9281: Prevent race condition with mkdir in distutils. Patch by + Arfrever. -- Issue #1583863: An str subclass can now override the __str__ method +- Issue #10229: Fix caching error in gettext. -- Issue #7072: isspace(0xa0) is true on Mac OS X +- Issue #10252: Close file objects in a timely manner in distutils code and + tests. Patch by Brian Brazil, completed by Éric Araujo. -C-API ------ +- Issue #10180: Pickling file objects is now explicitly forbidden, since + unpickling them produced nonsensical results. -- Issue #9834: Don't segfault in PySequence_GetSlice, PySequence_SetSlice, or - PySequence_DelSlice when the object doesn't have any mapping operations - defined. +- Issue #10311: The signal module now restores errno before returning from its + low-level signal handler. Patch by Hallvard B Furuseth. -- Issue #5753: A new C API function, :cfunc:`PySys_SetArgvEx`, allows - embedders of the interpreter to set sys.argv without also modifying - sys.path. This helps fix `CVE-2008-5983 - <http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2008-5983>`_. +- Issue #10282: Add a ``nntp_implementation`` attribute to NNTP objects. -Library -------- +- Issue #10283: Add a ``group_pattern`` argument to NNTP.list(). -- Issue #5111: IPv6 Host in the Header is wrapped inside [ ]. Patch by Chandru. +- Issue #10155: Add IISCGIHandler to wsgiref.handlers to support IIS CGI + environment better, and to correct unicode environment values for WSGI 1.0.1. -- Issue #4471: Properly shutdown socket in IMAP.shutdown(). Patch by - Lorenzo M. Catucci. +- Issue #10281: nntplib now returns None for absent fields in the OVER/XOVER + response, instead of raising an exception. -- Fix IMAP.login() to work properly. +- wsgiref now implements and validates PEP 3333, rather than an experimental + extension of PEP 333. (Note: earlier versions of Python 3.x may have + incorrectly validated some non-compliant applications as WSGI compliant; if + your app validates with Python <3.2b1+, but not on this version, it is likely + the case that your app was not compliant.) -- Issue #10126: Fix distutils' test_build when Python was built with - --enable-shared. +- Issue #10280: NNTP.nntp_version should reflect the highest version advertised + by the server. -- Fix typo in one sdist option (medata-check). +- Issue #10184: Touch directories only once when extracting a tarfile. -- Issue #9199: Fix incorrect use of distutils.cmd.Command.announce. +- Issue #10199: New package, ``turtledemo`` now contains selected demo scripts + that were formerly found under Demo/turtle. -- Issue #1718574: Fix options that were supposed to accept arguments but did - not in build_clib. +- Issue #10265: Close file objects explicitly in sunau. Patch by Brian Brazil. -- Issue #9281: Prevent race condition with mkdir in distutils. Patch by - Arfrever. +- Issue #10266: uu.decode didn't close in_file explicitly when it was given as a + filename. Patch by Brian Brazil. -- Issue #10229: Fix caching error in gettext. +- Issue #10110: Queue objects didn't recognize full queues when the maxsize + parameter had been reduced. -- Issue #10252: Close file objects in a timely manner in distutils code and - tests. Patch by Brian Brazil, completed by Éric Araujo. +- Issue #10160: Speed up operator.attrgetter. Patch by Christos Georgiou. -- Issue #10311: The signal module now restores errno before returning from - its low-level signal handler. Patch by Hallvard B Furuseth. +- logging: Added style option to basicConfig() to allow %, {} or $-formatting. -- The keyword only restriction for the places argument in - unittest.TestCase.assert[Not]AlmostEqual methods has been removed. +- Issue #5729: json.dumps() now supports using a string such as '\t' for + pretty-printing multilevel objects. -- Issue 6706: asyncore accept() method no longer raises EWOULDBLOCK/ECONNABORTED - on incomplete connection attempt but returns None instead. +- Issue #10253: FileIO leaks a file descriptor when trying to open a file for + append that isn't seekable. Patch by Brian Brazil. -- Issue #10266: uu.decode didn't close in_file explicitly when it was given - as a filename. Patch by Brian Brazil. +- Support context manager protocol for file-like objects returned by mailbox + ``get_file()`` methods. - Issue #10246: uu.encode didn't close file objects explicitly when filenames were given to it. Patch by Brian Brazil. -- Issue #10253: FileIO leaks a file descriptor when trying to open a file - for append that isn't seekable. Patch by Brian Brazil. +- Issue #10198: fix duplicate header written to wave files when writeframes() is + called without data. + +- Close file objects in modulefinder in a timely manner. + +- Close a io.TextIOWrapper object in email.parser in a timely manner. + +- Close a file object in distutils.sysconfig in a timely manner. + +- Close a file object in pkgutil in a timely manner. + +- Issue #10233: Close file objects in a timely manner in the tarfile module and + its test suite. + +- Issue #10093: ResourceWarnings are now issued when files and sockets are + deallocated without explicit closing. These warnings are silenced by default, + except in pydebug mode. + +- tarfile.py: Add support for all missing variants of the GNU sparse extensions + and create files with holes when extracting sparse members. + +- Issue #10218: Return timeout status from ``Condition.wait`` in threading. + +- Issue #7351: Add ``zipfile.BadZipFile`` spelling of the exception name and + deprecate the old name ``zipfile.BadZipfile``. - Issue #5027: The standard ``xml`` namespace is now understood by xml.sax.saxutils.XMLGenerator as being bound to http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace. Patch by Troy J. Farrell. -- #7761: telnetlib.interact failures on Windows fixed. +- Issue #5975: Add csv.unix_dialect class. -- Issue #5117: Case normalization was needed on ntpath.relpath(). And - fixed root directory issue on posixpath.relpath(). (Ported working fixes - from ntpath) +- Issue #7761: telnetlib.interact failures on Windows fixed. -- Issue #10041: The signature of optional arguments in socket.makefile() - didn't match that of io.open(), and they also didn't get forwarded - properly to TextIOWrapper in text mode. Patch by Kai Zhu. +- logging: Added style option to Formatter to allow %, {} or $-formatting. + +- Issue #5178: Added tempfile.TemporaryDirectory class that can be used as a + context manager. + +- Issue #1349106: Generator (and BytesGenerator) flatten method and Header + encode method now support a 'linesep' argument. + +- Issue #5639: Add a *server_hostname* argument to ``SSLContext.wrap_socket`` in + order to support the TLS SNI extension. ``HTTPSConnection`` and ``urlopen()`` + also use this argument, so that HTTPS virtual hosts are now supported. + +- Issue #10166: Avoid recursion in pstats Stats.add() for many stats items. + +- Issue #10163: Skip unreadable registry keys during mimetypes initialization. + +- logging: Made StreamHandler terminator configurable. + +- logging: Allowed filters to be just callables. + +- logging: Added tests for _logRecordClass changes. + +- Issue #10092: Properly reset locale in calendar.Locale*Calendar classes. + +- logging: Added _logRecordClass, getLogRecordClass, setLogRecordClass to + increase flexibility of LogRecord creation. + +- Issue #5117: Case normalization was needed on ntpath.relpath(). Also fixed + root directory issue on posixpath.relpath(). (Ported working fixes from + ntpath.) + +- Issue #1343: xml.sax.saxutils.XMLGenerator now has an option + short_empty_elements to direct it to use self-closing tags when appropriate. + +- Issue #9807 (part 1): Expose the ABI flags in sys.abiflags. Add --abiflags + switch to python-config for command line access. + +- Issue #6098: Don't claim DOM level 3 conformance in minidom. + +- Issue #5762: Fix AttributeError raised by ``xml.dom.minidom`` when an empty + XML namespace attribute is encountered. + +- Issue #2830: Add the ``html.escape()`` function, which quotes all problematic + characters by default. Deprecate ``cgi.escape()``. + +- Issue #9409: Fix the regex to match all kind of filenames, for interactive + debugging in doctests. + +- Issue #9183: ``datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0))`` will now return the + same instance as ``datetime.timezone.utc``. + +- Issue #7523: Add SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK to the socket module, where + supported by the system. Patch by Nikita Vetoshkin. + +- Issue #10063: file:// scheme will stop accessing remote hosts via ftp + protocol. file:// urls had fallback to access remote hosts via ftp. This was + not correct, change is made to raise a URLError when a remote host is tried to + access via file:// scheme. + +- Issue #1710703: Write structures for an empty ZIP archive when a ZipFile is + created in modes 'a' or 'w' and then closed without adding any files. Raise + BadZipfile (rather than IOError) when opening small non-ZIP files. + +- Issue #10041: The signature of optional arguments in socket.makefile() didn't + match that of io.open(), and they also didn't get forwarded properly to + TextIOWrapper in text mode. Patch by Kai Zhu. + +- Issue #9003: http.client.HTTPSConnection, urllib.request.HTTPSHandler and + urllib.request.urlopen now take optional arguments to allow for server + certificate checking, as recommended in public uses of HTTPS. - Issue #6612: Fix site and sysconfig to catch os.getcwd() error, eg. if the current directory was deleted. Patch written by W. Trevor King. +- Issue #3873: Speed up unpickling from file objects that have a peek() method. + +- Issue #10075: Add a session_stats() method to SSLContext objects. + +- Issue #9948: Fixed problem of losing filename case information. + +Extension Modules +----------------- + +- Issue #5109: array.array constructor will now use fast code when + initial data is provided in an array object with correct type. + +- Issue #6317: Now winsound.PlaySound only accepts unicode. + +- Issue #6317: Now winsound.PlaySound can accept non ascii filename. + +- Issue #9377: Use Unicode API for gethostname on Windows. + +- Issue #10143: Update "os.pathconf" values. + +- Issue #6518: Support context manager protcol for ossaudiodev types. + +- Issue #678250: Make mmap flush a noop on ACCESS_READ and ACCESS_COPY. + +- Issue #9054: Fix a crash occurring when using the pyexpat module with expat + version 2.0.1. + +- Issue #5355: Provide mappings from Expat error numbers to string descriptions + and backwards, in order to actually make it possible to analyze error codes + provided by ExpatError. + +- The Unicode database was updated to 6.0.0. + +C-API +----- + +- Issue #10288: The deprecated family of "char"-handling macros + (ISLOWER()/ISUPPER()/etc) have now been removed: use Py_ISLOWER() etc instead. + +- Issue #9778: Hash values are now always the size of pointers. A new Py_hash_t + type has been introduced. + +Tools/Demos +----------- + +- Issue #10117: Tools/scripts/reindent.py now accepts source files that use + encoding other than ASCII or UTF-8. Source encoding is preserved when + reindented code is written to a file. + +- Issue #7287: Demo/imputil/knee.py was removed. + +Tests +----- + +- Issue #3699: Fix test_bigaddrspace and extend it to test bytestrings as well + as unicode strings. Initial patch by Sandro Tosi. + +- Issue #10294: Remove dead code form test_unicode_file. + +- Issue #10123: Don't use non-ascii filenames in test_doctest tests. Add a new + test specific to unicode (non-ascii name and filename). + +Build +----- + +- Issue #10268: Add a --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions option to configure. + +- Issue #8852: Allow the socket module to build on OpenSolaris. + +- Drop -OPT:Olimit compiler option. + +- Issue #10094: Use versioned .so files on GNU/kfreeBSD and the GNU Hurd. + +- Accept Oracle Berkeley DB 5.0 and 5.1 as backend for the dbm extension. + +- Issue #7473: avoid link errors when building a framework with a different set + of architectures than the one that is currently installed. + + +What's New in Python 3.2 Alpha 3? +================================= + +*Release date: 09-Oct-2010* + +Core and Builtins +----------------- + +- Issue #10068: Global objects which have reference cycles with their module's + dict are now cleared again. This causes issue #7140 to appear again. + +- Issue #9738: Document PyErr_SetString() and PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename() + encodings. + +- ast.literal_eval() can now handle negative numbers. It is also a little more + liberal in what it accepts without compromising the safety of the evaluation. + For example, 3j+4 and 3+4+5 are both accepted. + +- Issue #10006: type.__abstractmethods__ now raises an AttributeError. As a + result metaclasses can now be ABCs (see #9533). + +- Issue #8670: ctypes.c_wchar supports non-BMP characters with 32 bits wchar_t. + +- Issue #8670: PyUnicode_AsWideChar() and PyUnicode_AsWideCharString() replace + UTF-16 surrogate pairs by single non-BMP characters for 16 bits Py_UNICODE and + 32 bits wchar_t (eg. Linux in narrow build). + +- Issue #10003: Allow handling of SIGBREAK on Windows. Fixes a regression + introduced by issue #9324. + +- Issue #9979: Create function PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(). + +- Issue #7397: Mention that importlib.import_module() is probably what someone + really wants to be using in __import__'s docstring. + +- Issue #8521: Allow CreateKeyEx, OpenKeyEx, and DeleteKeyEx functions of winreg + to use named arguments. + +- Issue #9930: Remove bogus subtype check that was causing (e.g.) + float.__rdiv__(2.0, 3) to return NotImplemented instead of the expected 1.5. + +- Issue #9808: Implement os.getlogin for Windows. Patch by Jon Anglin. + +- Issue #9901: Destroying the GIL in Py_Finalize() can fail if some other + threads are still running. Instead, reinitialize the GIL on a second call to + Py_Initialize(). + +- All SyntaxErrors now have a column offset and therefore a caret when the error + is printed. + +- Issue #9252: PyImport_Import no longer uses a fromlist hack to return the + module that was imported, but instead gets the module from sys.modules. + +- Issue #9213: The range type_items now provides index() and count() methods, to + conform to the Sequence ABC. Patch by Daniel Urban and Daniel Stutzbach. + +- Issue #7994: Issue a PendingDeprecationWarning if object.__format__ is called + with a non-empty format string. This is an effort to future-proof user + code. If a derived class does not currently implement __format__ but later + adds its own __format__, it would most likely break user code that had + supplied a format string. This will be changed to a DeprecationWaring in + Python 3.3 and it will be an error in Python 3.4. + +- Issue #9828: Destroy the GIL in Py_Finalize(), so that it gets properly + re-created on a subsequent call to Py_Initialize(). The problem (a crash) + wouldn't appear in 3.1 or 2.7 where the GIL's structure is more trivial. + +- Issue #9210: Configure option --with-wctype-functions was removed. Using the + functions from the libc caused the methods .upper() and lower() to become + locale aware and created subtly wrong results. + +- Issue #9738: PyUnicode_FromFormat() and PyErr_Format() raise an error on a + non-ASCII byte in the format string. + +- Issue #4617: Previously it was illegal to delete a name from the local + namespace if it occurs as a free variable in a nested block. This limitation + of the compiler has been lifted, and a new opcode introduced (DELETE_DEREF). + +- Issue #9804: ascii() now always represents unicode surrogate pairs as a single + ``\UXXXXXXXX``, regardless of whether the character is printable or not. + Also, the "backslashreplace" error handler now joins surrogate pairs into a + single character on UCS-2 builds. + +- Issue #9757: memoryview objects get a release() method to release the + underlying buffer (previously this was only done when deallocating the + memoryview), and gain support for the context management protocol. + +- Issue #9797: pystate.c wrongly assumed that zero couldn't be a valid + thread-local storage key. + +Library +------- + +- Issue #2236: distutils' mkpath ignored the mode parameter. + +- Fix typo in one sdist option (medata-check). + +- Issue #9199: Fix incorrect use of distutils.cmd.Command.announce. + +- Issue #1718574: Fix options that were supposed to accept arguments but did + not in build_clib. + +- Issue #9437: Fix building C extensions with non-default LDFLAGS. + +- Issue #4661: email can now parse bytes input and generate either converted + 7bit output or bytes output. Email version bumped to 5.1.0. + +- Issue #1589: Add ssl.match_hostname(), to help implement server identity + verification for higher-level protocols. + - Issue #9759: GzipFile now raises ValueError when an operation is attempted after the file is closed. Patch by Jeffrey Finkelstein. - Issue #9042: Fix interaction of custom translation classes and caching in gettext. +- Issue #6706: asyncore.dispatcher now provides a handle_accepted() method + returning a (sock, addr) pair which is called when a connection has been + established with a new remote endpoint. This is supposed to be used as a + replacement for old handle_accept() and avoids the user to call accept() + directly. + - Issue #9065: tarfile no longer uses "root" as the default for the uname and gname field. -- Issue #8980: Fixed a failure in distutils.command check that was shadowed - by an environment that does not have docutils. Patch by Arfrever. +- Issue #8980: Fixed a failure in distutils.command check that was shadowed by + an environment that does not have docutils. Patch by Arfrever. - Issue #1050268: parseaddr now correctly quotes double quote and backslash characters that appear inside quoted strings in email addresses. -- Issue #10004: quoprimime no longer generates a traceback when confronted - with invalid characters after '=' in a Q-encoded word. +- Issue #10004: quoprimime no longer generates a traceback when confronted with + invalid characters after '=' in a Q-encoded word. + +- Issue #1491: BaseHTTPServer nows send a ``100 Continue`` response before + sending a 200 OK for the Expect: 100-continue request header. + +- Issue #9360: Cleanup and improvements to the nntplib module. The API now + conforms to the philosophy of bytes and unicode separation in Python 3. A + test suite has also been added. + +- Issue #9962: GzipFile now has the peek() method. + +- Issue #9090: When a socket with a timeout fails with EWOULDBLOCK or EAGAIN, + retry the select() loop instead of bailing out. This is because select() can + incorrectly report a socket as ready for reading (for example, if it received + some data with an invalid checksum). + +- Issue #3612: Added new types to ctypes.wintypes. (CHAR and pointers) - Issue #9950: Fix socket.sendall() crash or misbehaviour when a signal is - received. Now sendall() properly calls signal handlers if necessary, - and retries sending if these returned successfully, including on sockets - with a timeout. + received. Now sendall() properly calls signal handlers if necessary, and + retries sending if these returned successfully, including on sockets with a + timeout. + +- Issue #9947: logging: Fixed locking bug in stopListening. + +- Issue #9945: logging: Fixed locking bugs in addHandler/removeHandler. - Issue #9936: Fixed executable lines' search in the trace module. +- Issue #9790: Rework imports necessary for samefile and sameopenfile + in ntpath. + - Issue #9928: Properly initialize the types exported by the bz2 module. -- Issue #9854: The default read() implementation in io.RawIOBase now - handles non-blocking readinto() returning None correctly. +- Issue #1675951: Allow GzipFile to work with unseekable file objects. Patch by + Florian Festi. -- Issue #9853: Fix the signature of SSLSocket.recvfrom() and - SSLSocket.sendto() to match the corresponding socket methods. +- Logging: Added QueueListener class to facilitate logging usage for + performance-critical threads. -- Issue #9792: In case of connection failure, socket.create_connection() - would swallow the exception and raise a new one, making it impossible - to fetch the original errno, or to filter timeout errors. Now the - original error is re-raised. +- Issue #9916: Add some missing errno symbols. -- Issue #9826: OrderedDict.__repr__ can now handle self-referential - values: d['x'] = d. +- Issue #9877: Expose sysconfig.get_makefile_filename() -- Issue #9758: When fcntl.ioctl() was called with mutable_flag set to True, - and the passed buffer was exactly 1024 bytes long, the buffer wouldn't - be updated back after the system call. Original patch by Brian Brazil. +- logging: Added hasHandlers() method to Logger and LoggerAdapter. -- Issue #6656: fix locale.format_string to handle escaped percents - and mappings. +- Issue #9908: Fix os.stat() on bytes paths under Windows 7. -- Issue #1100562: Fix deep-copying of objects derived from the list and - dict types. Patch by Michele Orrù and Björn Lindqvist. +- Issue #2643: msync() is not called anymore when deallocating an open mmap + object, only munmap(). -- Issue #9753: Fixed socket.dup, which did not always work correctly - on Windows. +- logging: Changed LoggerAdapter implementation internally, to make it easier to + subclass in a useful way. -- Issue #1868: Eliminate subtle timing issues in thread-local objects by - getting rid of the cached copy of thread-local attribute dictionary. +- logging: hasHandlers method was added to Logger, and isEnabledFor, + getEffectiveLevel, hasHandlers and setLevel were added to LoggerAdapter. + LoggerAdapter was introduced into the unit tests for logging. -- Issue #8797: urllib2 does a retry for Basic Authentication failure instead of - falling into recursion. +- Issue #1686: Fix string.Template when overriding the pattern attribute. -- Issue #1194222: email.utils.parsedate now returns RFC2822 compliant four - character years even if the message contains RFC822 two character years. +- Issue #9854: SocketIO objects now observe the RawIOBase interface in + non-blocking mode: they return None when an operation would block (instead of + raising an exception). -- Issue #8750: Fixed MutableSet's methods to correctly handle - reflexive operations, namely x -= x and x ^= x. +- Issue #1730136: Fix the comparison between a tk.font.Font and an object of + another kind. -- Issue #9129: smtpd.py is vulnerable to DoS attacks deriving from missing - error handling when accepting a new connection. +- Issue #9441: logging has better coverage for rotating file handlers. -- Issue #658749: asyncore's connect() method now correctly interprets winsock - errors. +- Issue #9865: collections.OrderedDict now has a __sizeof__ method. -- Issue #9214: Set operations on KeysView or ItemsView in the collections - module now correctly return a set. (Patch by Eli Bendersky.) +- Issue #9854: The default read() implementation in io.RawIOBase now handles + non-blocking readinto() returning None correctly. -- Issue #9617: Signals received during a low-level write operation aren't - ignored by the buffered IO layer anymore. +- Issue #1552: socket.socketpair() now returns regular socket.socket objects + supporting the whole socket API (rather than the "raw" _socket.socket + objects). -- Issue #9605: posix.getlogin() decodes the username with file filesystem - encoding and surrogateescape error handler. Patch written by David Watson. +- Issue #9853: Fix the signature of SSLSocket.recvfrom() and SSLSocket.sendto() + to match the corresponding socket methods. -- Issue #9603: posix.ttyname() and posix.ctermid() decode the terminal name - using the filesystem encoding and surrogateescape error handler. Patch - written by David Watson. +- Issue 9840: Added a decorator to reprlib for wrapping __repr__ methods to make + them handle recursive calls within the same thread. -- Issue #8688: MANIFEST files created by distutils now include a magic - comment indicating they are generated. Manually maintained MANIFESTs - without this marker will not be overwritten or removed. +- logging: Enhanced HTTPHandler with secure and credentials initializers. -- Issue #7467: when reading a file from a ZIP archive, its CRC is checked - and a BadZipfile error is raised if it doesn't match (as used to be the - case in Python 2.5 and earlier). +- Issue #767645: Set os.path.supports_unicode_filenames to True on Mac OS X. -- Issue #9550: a BufferedReader could issue an additional read when the - original read request had been satisfied, which could block indefinitely - when the underlying raw IO channel was e.g. a socket. Report and original - patch by Jason V. Miller. +- Issue #9837: The read() method of ZipExtFile objects (as returned by + ZipFile.open()) could return more bytes than requested. -- Issue #6915: Under Windows, os.listdir() didn't release the Global - Interpreter Lock around all system calls. Original patch by Ryan Kelly. +- Issue #9826: OrderedDict.__repr__ can now handle self-referential values: + d['x'] = d. -- Issue #3757: thread-local objects now support cyclic garbage collection. - Thread-local objects involved in reference cycles will be deallocated - timely by the cyclic GC, even if the underlying thread is still running. +- Issue #9825: Using __del__ in the definition of collections.OrderedDict made + it possible for the user to create self-referencing ordered dictionaries which + become permanently uncollectable GC garbage. Reinstated the Python 3.1 + approach of using weakref proxies so that reference cycles never get created + in the first place. -- Fix Issue8280 - urllib2's Request method will remove fragements in the url. - This is how it is supposed to work, wget and curl do the same. Previous - behavior was wrong. +- Issue #9579, #9580: Fix os.confstr() for value longer than 255 bytes and + encode the value with filesystem encoding and surrogateescape (instead of + utf-8 in strict mode) . Patch written by David Watson. -- Issue #2944: asyncore doesn't handle connection refused correctly. +- Issue #9632: Remove sys.setfilesystemencoding() function: use PYTHONFSENCODING + environment variable to set the filesystem encoding at Python startup. + sys.setfilesystemencoding() creates inconsistencies because it is unable to + reencode all filenames in all objects. -- Issue #3196: email header decoding is now forgiving if an RFC2047 - encoded word encoded in base64 is lacking padding. +- Issue #9410: Various optimizations to the pickle module, leading to speedups + up to 4x (depending on the benchmark). Mostly ported from Unladen Swallow; + initial patch by Alexandre Vassalotti. -- Issue #8447: Make distutils.sysconfig follow symlinks in the path to - the interpreter executable. This fixes a failure of test_httpservers - on OS X. +- The pprint module now supports printing OrderedDicts in their given order + (formerly, it would sort the keys). -- Issue #7372: Fix pstats regression when stripping paths from profile - data generated with the profile module. +- Logging: Added QueueHandler class to facilitate logging usage with + multiprocessing. -- Issue #4108: In urllib.robotparser, if there are multiple 'User-agent: *' - entries, consider the first one. +- Issue #9707: Rewritten reference implementation of threading.local which is + friendlier towards reference cycles. This change is not normally visible + since an optimized C implementation (_thread._local) is used instead. -- Issue #8397: Raise an error when attempting to mix iteration and regular - reads on a BZ2File object, rather than returning incorrect results. +- Issue #6394: os.getppid() is now supported on Windows. Note that it will + still return the id of the parent process after it has exited. This process + id may even have been reused by another unrelated process. -- Issue #7909: Do not touch paths with the special prefixes ``\\.\`` - or ``\\?\`` in ntpath.normpath(). +- Issue #9792: In case of connection failure, socket.create_connection() would + swallow the exception and raise a new one, making it impossible to fetch the + original errno, or to filter timeout errors. Now the original error is + re-raised. -- Issue #5294: Fix the behavior of pdb's "continue" command when called - in the top-level debugged frame. +- Issue #9758: When fcntl.ioctl() was called with mutable_flag set to True, and + the passed buffer was exactly 1024 bytes long, the buffer wouldn't be updated + back after the system call. Original patch by Brian Brazil. -- Issue #5727: Restore the ability to use readline when calling into pdb - in doctests. +- Updates to the random module: -- Issue #6719: In pdb, do not stop somewhere in the encodings machinery - if the source file to be debugged is in a non-builtin encoding. + * Document which parts of the module are guaranteed to stay the same across + versions and which parts are subject to change. -- Issue #8048: Prevent doctests from failing when sys.displayhook has - been reassigned. + * Update the seed() method to use all of the bits in a string instead of just + the hash value. This makes better use of the seed value and assures the + seeding is platform independent. Issue #7889. -- Issue #8015: In pdb, do not crash when an empty line is entered as - a breakpoint command. + * Improved the random()-->integer algorithm used in choice(), shuffle(), + sample(), randrange(), and randint(). Formerly, it used int(n*random()) + which has a slight bias whenever n is not a power of two. Issue #9025. -- Issue #5146: Handle UID THREAD command correctly in imaplib. + * Improved documentation of arguments to randrange(). Issue #9379. -- Issue #5147: Fix the header generated for cookie files written by - http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar. +- collections.OrderedDict now supports a new method for repositioning keys to + either end. -- Issue #8198: In pydoc, output all help text to the correct stream - when sys.stdout is reassigned. +- Issue #9754: Similarly to assertRaises and assertRaisesRegexp, unittest test + cases now also have assertWarns and assertWarnsRegexp methods to check that a + given warning type was triggered by the code under test. -- Issue #8230: Fix Lib/test/sortperf.py. +- Issue #5506: BytesIO objects now have a getbuffer() method exporting a view of + their contents without duplicating them. The view is both readable and + writable. -- Issue #7395: Fix tracebacks in pstats interactive browser. +- Issue #7566: Implement os.path.sameopenfile for Windows. -- Issue #1713: Fix os.path.ismount(), which returned true for symbolic links - across devices. +- Issue #9293: I/O streams now raise ``io.UnsupportedOperation`` when an + unsupported operation is attempted (for example, writing to a file open only + for reading). -- Issue #8826: Properly load old-style "expires" attribute in http.cookies. +- hashlib has two new constant attributes: algorithms_guaranteed and + algorithms_avaiable that respectively list the names of hash algorithms + guaranteed to exist in all Python implementations and the names of hash + algorithms available in the current process. -- Issue #1690103: Fix initial namespace for code run with trace.main(). +- A new package ``concurrent.futures`` as defined by PEP 3148. -- Issue #9354: Provide getsockopt() in asyncore's file_wrapper. +C-API +----- -- Issue #9448: Fix a leak of OS resources (mutexes or semaphores) when - re-initializing a buffered IO object by calling its ``__init__`` method. +- Add PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx, which supports passing a column offset. -- Issue #8620: when a Cmd is fed input that reaches EOF without a final - newline, it no longer truncates the last character of the last command line. +- Issue #9834: Don't segfault in PySequence_GetSlice, PySequence_SetSlice, or + PySequence_DelSlice when the object doesn't have any mapping operations + defined. -- Issue #3704: http.cookiejar was not properly handling URLs with a / in the - parameters. +Tools/Demos +----------- -- Issue #4629: getopt raises an error if an argument ends with = whereas getopt - doesn't except a value (eg. --help= is rejected if getopt uses ['help='] long - options). +- Issue #9188: The gdb extension now handles correctly narrow (UCS2) as well as + wide (UCS4) unicode builds for both the host interpreter (embedded inside gdb) + and the interpreter under test. -- Issue #7895: platform.mac_ver() no longer crashes after calling os.fork() +Tests +----- -- Issue #9323: Fixed a bug in trace.py that resulted in loosing the - name of the script being traced. Patch by Eli Bendersky. +- Issue #9308: Added tests for importing encoded modules that do not + depend on specific stdlib modules being encoded in a certain way. -- Issue #9282: Fixed --listfuncs option of trace.py. Thanks Eli - Bendersky for the patch. +- Issue #1051: Add a script (Lib/test/make_ssl_certs.py) to generate the custom + certificate and private key files used by SSL-related certs. -- Issue #1555570: email no longer inserts extra blank lines when a \r\n - combo crosses an 8192 byte boundary. +- Issue #9978: Wait until subprocess completes initialization. (Win32KillTests + in test_os) -- Issue #9243: Fix sndhdr module and add unit tests, contributed by James Lee. +- Issue #7110: regrtest now sends test failure reports and single-failure + tracebacks to stderr rather than stdout. -- Issue #9137: Fix issue in MutableMapping.update, which incorrectly - treated keyword arguments called 'self' or 'other' specially. +- Issue #9628: fix runtests.sh -x option so more than one test can be excluded. -- Issue #7646: The fnmatch pattern cache no longer grows without bound. +- Issue #9899: Fix test_tkinter.test_font on various platforms. Patch by Ned + Deily. -- Issue #9136: Fix 'dictionary changed size during iteration' - RuntimeError produced when profiling the decimal module. This was - due to a dangerous iteration over 'locals()' in Context.__init__. +- Issue #9894: Do not hardcode ENOENT in test_subprocess. -- Fix extreme speed issue in Decimal.pow when the base is an exact - power of 10 and the exponent is tiny (for example, - Decimal(10) ** Decimal('1e-999999999')). +- Issue #9315: Added tests for the trace module. Patch by Eli Bendersky. -- Issue #9130: Fix validation of relative imports in parser module. +- Issue #9323: Make test.regrtest.__file__ absolute, this was not always the + case when running profile or trace, for example. -- Issue #9128: Fix validation of class decorators in parser module. +- Issue #9568: Fix test_urllib2_localnet on OS X 10.3. -- Issue #5468: urlencode to handle bytes type and other encodings in its query - parameter. Patch by Dan Mahn. +Build +----- -- Issue #7673: Fix security vulnerability (CVE-2010-2089) in the audioop - module, ensure that the input string length is a multiple of the frame size +- Issue #10062: Allow building on platforms which do not have sem_timedwait. -- Issue #6589: cleanup asyncore.socket_map in case smtpd.SMTPServer constructor - raises an exception. +- Issue #10054: Some platforms provide uintptr_t in inttypes.h. Patch by Akira + Kitada. -- Issue #9075: In the ssl module, remove the setting of a ``debug`` flag - on an OpenSSL structure. +- Issue #10055: Make json C89-compliant in UCS4 mode. -- Issue #8682: The ssl module now temporary increments the reference count of - a socket object got through ``PyWeakref_GetObject``, so as to avoid possible - deallocation while the object is still being used. +- Issue #9552: Avoid unnecessary rebuild of OpenSSL. (Windows) -- Issue #1368368: FancyURLOpener class changed to throw an Exception on wrong - password instead of presenting an interactive prompt. Older behavior can be - obtained by passing retry=True to http_error_xxx methods of FancyURLOpener. +- Issue #1633863: Don't ignore $CC under AIX. -- Issue #8203: Fix IDLE Credits dialog: view_file() uses its encoding argument. +- Issue #9810: Compile bzip2 source files in Python's project file directly. It + used to be built with bzip2's makefile. -- Issue #8720: fix regression caused by fix for #4050 by making getsourcefile - smart enough to find source files in the linecache. +- Issue #9848: Stopping trying to build _weakref in setup.py as it is a built-in + module. -- Issue #5610: feedparser no longer eats extra characters at the end of - a body part if the body part ends with a \r\n. +- Issue #9806: python-config now has an ``--extension-suffix`` option that + outputs the suffix for dynamic libraries including the ABI version name + defined by PEP 3149. -- Fix codecs.escape_encode to return the correct consumed size. +- Issue #941346: Improve the build process under AIX and allow Python to be + built as a shared library. Patch by Sébastien Sablé. -- Issue #8897: Fix sunau module, use bytes to write the header. Patch written - by Thomas Jollans. +- Issue #4026: Make the fcntl extension build under AIX. Patch by Sébastien + Sablé. -- Issue #6470: Drop UNC prefix in FixTk. +- Issue #9701: The MacOSX installer can patch the shell profile to ensure that + the "bin" directory inside the framework is on the shell's search path. This + feature now also supports the ZSH shell. -- Issue #4768: base64 encoded email body parts were incorrectly stored as - binary strings. They are now correctly converted to strings. -- Issue #8833: tarfile created hard link entries with a size field != 0 by - mistake. +What's New in Python 3.2 Alpha 2? +================================= -- Charset.body_encode now correctly handles base64 encoding by encoding - with the output_charset before calling base64mime.encode. Passes the - tests from 2.x issue #1368247. +*Release date: 05-Sep-2010* -- Issue #7150: Raise OverflowError if the result of adding or subtracting - timedelta from date or datetime falls outside of the MINYEAR:MAXYEAR range. +Core and Builtins +----------------- -- Issue #4769: Fix main() function of the base64 module, use sys.stdin.buffer - and sys.stdout.buffer (instead of sys.stdin and sys.stdout) to use the bytes - API +- Issue #9225: Remove the ROT_FOUR and DUP_TOPX opcode, the latter replaced by + the new (and simpler) DUP_TOP_TWO. Performance isn't changed, but our + bytecode is a bit simplified. Patch by Demur Rumed. -- Issue #6662: Fix parsing of malformatted charref (&#bad;), patch written by - Fredrik Håård +- Issue #9766: Rename poorly named variables exposed by _warnings to prevent + confusion with the proper variables names from 'warnings' itself. -- Issue #6268: Fix seek() method of codecs.open(), don't read or write the BOM - twice after seek(0). Fix also reset() method of codecs, UTF-16, UTF-32 and - StreamWriter classes. +- Issue #9212: dict_keys and dict_items now provide the isdisjoint() method, to + conform to the Set ABC. Patch by Daniel Urban. -- Issue #8782: Add a trailing newline in linecache.updatecache to the last line - of files without one. +- Issue #9737: Fix a crash when trying to delete a slice or an item from a + memoryview object. -- Issue #8729: Return NotImplemented from collections.Mapping.__eq__ when - comparing to a non-mapping. +- Issue #9549: sys.setdefaultencoding() and PyUnicode_SetDefaultEncoding() are + now removed, since their effect was inexistent in 3.x (the default encoding is + hardcoded to utf-8 and cannot be changed). -- Issue #8774: tabnanny uses the encoding cookie (#coding:...) to use the - correct encoding +- Issue #7415: PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject() now uses the new buffer API + properly. Patch by Stefan Behnel. -- Issue #7507: Quote "!" in pipes.quote(); it is special to some shells. +- Issue #5553: The Py_LOCAL_INLINE macro now results in inlining on most + platforms. Previously, it inlined only when using Microsoft Visual C. -- Issue #8663: distutils.log emulates backslashreplace error handler. Fix - compilation in a non-ASCII directory if stdout encoding is ASCII (eg. if - stdout is not a TTY). +- Issue #9712: Fix tokenize on identifiers that start with non-ascii names. -- Issue #1285086: Speed up urllib.parse functions: quote, quote_from_bytes, - unquote, unquote_to_bytes. +- Issue #9688: __basicsize__ and __itemsize__ must be accessed as Py_ssize_t. -- Issue #8688: Distutils now recalculates MANIFEST everytime. +- Issue #9684: Added a definition for SIZEOF_WCHAR_T to PC/pyconfig.h, to match + the pyconfig.h generated by configure on other systems. -- Issue #5099: subprocess.Popen.__del__ no longer references global objects - to prevent issues during interpreter shutdown. +- Issue #9666: Only catch AttributeError in hasattr(). All other exceptions that + occur during attribute lookup are now propagated to the caller. -- Issue #8681: Make the zlib module's error messages more informative when - the zlib itself doesn't give any detailed explanation. +- Issue #8622: Add PYTHONFSENCODING environment variable to override the + filesystem encoding. -- Issue #8674: Fixed a number of incorrect or undefined-behaviour-inducing - overflow checks in the audioop module. +- Issue #5127: The C functions that access the Unicode Database now accept and + return characters from the full Unicode range, even on narrow unicode builds + (Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER, Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL, and others). A visible difference + in Python is that unicodedata.numeric() now returns the correct value for + large code points, and repr() may consider more characters as printable. -- Issue #8571: Fix an internal error when compressing or decompressing a - chunk larger than 1GB with the zlib module's compressor and decompressor - objects. +- Issue #9425: Create PyModule_GetFilenameObject() function to get the filename + as a unicode object, instead of a byte string. Function needed to support + unencodable filenames. Deprecate PyModule_GetFilename() in favor on the new + function. -- Issue #8573: asyncore _strerror() function might throw ValueError. +- Issue #8063: Call _PyGILState_Init() earlier in Py_InitializeEx(). -- Issue #8483: asyncore.dispatcher's __getattr__ method produced confusing - error messages when accessing undefined class attributes because of the cheap - inheritance with the underlying socket object. +- Issue #9612: The set object is now 64-bit clean under Windows. -- Issue #7472: Fixed typo in email.encoders module; messages using ISO-2022 - character sets will now consistently use a Content-Transfer-Encoding of - 7bit rather than sometimes being marked as 8bit. +- Issue #8202: sys.argv[0] is now set to '-m' instead of '-c' when searching for + the module file to be executed with the -m command line option. -- Issue #4265: shutil.copyfile() was leaking file descriptors when disk fills. - Patch by Tres Seaver. +- Issue #9599: Create PySys_FormatStdout() and PySys_FormatStderr() functions to + write a message formatted by PyUnicode_FromFormatV() to sys.stdout and + sys.stderr. -- Issue #7755: Use an unencumbered audio file for tests. +- Issue #9542: Create PyUnicode_FSDecoder() function, a ParseTuple converter: + decode bytes objects to unicode using PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize(); str + objects are output as-is. -- Issue #8621: uuid.uuid4() returned the same sequence of values in the - parent and any children created using ``os.fork`` on MacOS X 10.6. +- Issue #9203: Computed gotos are now enabled by default on supported compilers + (which are detected by the configure script). They can still be disable + selectively by specifying --without-computed-gotos. -- Issue #8567: Fix precedence of signals in Decimal module: when a - Decimal operation raises multiple signals and more than one of those - signals is trapped, the specification determines the order in which - the signals should be handled. In many cases this order wasn't - being followed, leading to the wrong Python exception being raised. +- Issue #9425: Create PyErr_WarnFormat() function, similar to PyErr_WarnEx() but + use PyUnicode_FromFormatV() to format the warning message. -- Issue #7865: The close() method of :mod:`io` objects should not swallow - exceptions raised by the implicit flush(). Also ensure that calling - close() several times is supported. Patch by Pascal Chambon. +- Issue #8530: Prevent stringlib fastsearch from reading beyond the front of an + array. -- Issue #4687: Fix accuracy of garbage collection runtimes displayed with - gc.DEBUG_STATS. +- Issue #5319: Print an error if flushing stdout fails at interpreter shutdown. -- Issue #8354: The siginterrupt setting is now preserved for all signals, - not just SIGCHLD. +- Issue #9337: The str() of a float or complex number is now identical to its + repr(). -- Issue #8464: tarfile no longer creates files with execute permissions set - when mode="w|" is used. +- Issue #9416: Fix some issues with complex formatting where the output with no + type specifier failed to match the str output: -- Issue #7834: Fix connect() of Bluetooth L2CAP sockets with recent versions - of the Linux kernel. Patch by Yaniv Aknin. + - format(complex(-0.0, 2.0), '-') omitted the real part from the output, + - format(complex(0.0, 2.0), '-') included a sign and parentheses. -- Issue #6312: Fixed http HEAD request when the transfer encoding is chunked. - It should correctly return an empty response now. +Extension Modules +----------------- -- Issue #8549: Fix compiling the _ssl extension under AIX. Patch by - Sridhar Ratnakumar. +- Issue #8013: time.asctime and time.ctime no longer call system + asctime and ctime functions. The year range for time.asctime is now + 1900 through maxint. The range for time.ctime is the same as for + time.localtime. The string produced by these functions is longer + than 24 characters when year is greater than 9999. -- Issue #8391: os.execvpe() and os.getenv() supports unicode with surrogates - and bytes strings for environment keys and values, and use - sys.getfilesystemencoding() instead of sys.getdefautltencoding() +- Issue #6608: time.asctime is now checking struct tm fields its input + before passing it to the system asctime. Patch by MunSic Jeong. -- Issue #2302: Fix a race condition in SocketServer.BaseServer.shutdown, - where the method could block indefinitely if called just before the - event loop started running. This also fixes the occasional freezes - witnessed in test_httpservers. +- Issue #8734: Avoid crash in msvcrt.get_osfhandle() when an invalid file + descriptor is provided. Patch by Pascal Chambon. -- Issue #8524: When creating an SSL socket, the timeout value of the - original socket wasn't retained (instead, a socket with a positive timeout - would be turned into a non-blocking SSL socket). +- Issue #7736: Release the GIL around calls to opendir() and closedir() in the + posix module. Patch by Marcin Bachry. -- Issue #5103: SSL handshake would ignore the socket timeout and block - indefinitely if the other end didn't respond. +- Issue #4835: make PyLong_FromSocket_t() and PyLong_AsSocket_t() private to the + socket module, and fix the width of socket descriptors to be correctly + detected under 64-bit Windows. -- The do_handshake() method of SSL objects now adjusts the blocking mode of - the SSL structure if necessary (as other methods already do). +- Issue #1027206: Support IDNA in gethostbyname, gethostbyname_ex, getaddrinfo + and gethostbyaddr. getnameinfo is now restricted to numeric addresses as + input. -- Issue #8108: Fix the unwrap() method of SSL objects when the socket has - a non-infinite timeout. Also make that method friendlier with applications - wanting to continue using the socket in clear-text mode, by disabling - OpenSSL's internal readahead. Thanks to Darryl Miles for guidance. +- Issue #9214: Set operations on a KeysView or ItemsView in collections now + correctly return a set. Patch by Eli Bendersky. -- Issue #8468: bz2.BZ2File() accepts str with surrogates and bytes filenames +- Issue #5737: Add Solaris-specific mnemonics in the errno module. Patch by + Matthew Ahrens. -- Issue #8496: make mailcap.lookup() always return a list, rather than an - iterator. Patch by Gregory Nofi. +- Restore GIL in nis_cat in case of error. Decode NIS data to fs encoding, using + the surrogate error handler. -- Issue #8195: Fix a crash in sqlite Connection.create_collation() if the - collation name contains a surrogate character. +- Issue #665761: ``functools.reduce()`` will no longer mask exceptions other + than ``TypeError`` raised by the iterator argument. -- Issue #8484: Load all ciphers and digest algorithms when initializing - the _ssl extension, such that verification of some SSL certificates - doesn't fail because of an "unknown algorithm". +- Issue #9570: Use PEP 383 decoding in os.mknod and os.mkfifo. -- Issue #4814: timeout parameter is now applied also for connections resulting - from PORT/EPRT commands. +- Issue #6915: Under Windows, os.listdir() didn't release the Global Interpreter + Lock around all system calls. Original patch by Ryan Kelly. -- Issue #3817: ftplib.FTP.abort() method now considers 225 a valid response - code as stated in RFC-959 at chapter 5.4. +- Issue #8524: Add a detach() method to socket objects, so as to put the socket + into the closed state without closing the underlying file descriptor. -- Issue #8394: _ctypes.dlopen() accepts bytes, bytearray and str with - surrogates. +- Issue #477863: Emit a ResourceWarning at shutdown if gc.garbage is not empty. -- Issue #7606: XML-RPC traceback stored in X-traceback is now encoded to ASCII - using backslashreplace error handler +- Issue #6869: Fix a refcount problem in the _ctypes extension. -- Issue #5277: Fix quote counting when parsing RFC 2231 encoded parameters. +- Issue #5504: ctypes should now work with systems where mmap can't be + PROT_WRITE and PROT_EXEC. -- Issue #8383: pickle and pickletools use surrogatepass error handler when - encoding unicode as utf8 to support lone surrogates and stay compatible with - Python 2.x and 3.0 +- Issue #9507: Named tuple repr will now automatically display the right name in + a tuple subclass. -- Issue #8179: Fix macpath.realpath() on a non-existing path. +- Issue #9324: Add parameter validation to signal.signal on Windows in order to + prevent crashes. -- Issue #8139: ossaudiodev didn't initialize its types properly, therefore - some methods (such as oss_mixer_device.fileno()) were not available. - Initial patch by Bertrand Janin. +- Issue #9526: Remove some outdated (int) casts that were preventing the array + module from working correctly with arrays of more than 2**31 elements. -- Issue #7512: shutil.copystat() could raise an OSError when the filesystem - didn't support chflags() (for example ZFS under FreeBSD). The error is - now silenced. +- Fix memory leak in ssl._ssl._test_decode_cert. -- Issue #3890, #8222: Fix recv() and recv_into() on non-blocking SSL sockets. - Also, enable the SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY flag on SSL sockets, so that blocking - reads and writes are always retried by OpenSSL itself. +- Issue #8065: Fix memory leak in readline module (from failure to free the + result of history_get_history_state()). -- Issue #6716/2: Backslash-replace error output in compilall. +- Issue #9450: Fix memory leak in readline.replace_history_item and + readline.remove_history_item for readline version >= 5.0. -Extension Modules ------------------ +- Issue #8105: Validate file descriptor passed to mmap.mmap on Windows. -- Issue #6317: Now winsound.PlaySound can accept non ascii filename. +- Issue #8046: Add context manager protocol support and .closed property to mmap + objects. -- Issue #9054: Fix a crash occurring when using the pyexpat module - with expat version 2.0.1. +Library +------- -- Issue #10003: Allow handling of SIGBREAK on Windows. Fixes a regression - introduced by issue #9324. +- Issue #7451: Improve decoding performance of JSON objects, and reduce the + memory consumption of said decoded objects when they use the same strings as + keys. -- Issue #8734: Avoid crash in msvcrt.get_osfhandle() when an invalid file - descriptor is provided. Patch by Pascal Chambon. +- Issue #1100562: Fix deep-copying of objects derived from the list and dict + types. Patch by Michele Orrù and Björn Lindqvist. -- Issue #7736: Release the GIL around calls to opendir() and closedir() - in the posix module. Patch by Marcin Bachry. +- Issue #9753: Fixed socket.dup, which did not always work correctly on Windows. -- Issue #4835: make PyLong_FromSocket_t() and PyLong_AsSocket_t() private - to the socket module, and fix the width of socket descriptors to be - correctly detected under 64-bit Windows. +- Issue #9421: Made the get<type> methods consistently accept the vars and + default arguments on all parser classes. -- Issue #665761: ``functools.reduce()`` will no longer mask exceptions - other than ``TypeError`` raised by the iterator argument. +- Issue #7005: Fixed output of None values for RawConfigParser.write and + ConfigParser.write. -- Issue #9570: Use PEP 383 decoding in os.mknod and os.mkfifo. +- Issue #8990: array.fromstring() and array.tostring() get renamed to + frombytes() and tobytes(), respectively, to avoid confusion. Furthermore, + array.frombytes(), array.extend() as well as the array.array() constructor now + accept bytearray objects. Patch by Thomas Jollans. -- Issue #9324: Add parameter validation to signal.signal on Windows in order - to prevent crashes. +- Issue #808164: Fixed socket.close to avoid references to globals, to avoid + issues when socket.close is called from a __del__ method. -- Issue #9526: Remove some outdated (int) casts that were preventing - the array module from working correctly with arrays of more than - 2**31 elements. +- Issue #9706: ssl module provides a better error handling in various + circumstances. -- Fix memory leak in ssl._ssl._test_decode_cert. +- Issue #1868: Eliminate subtle timing issues in thread-local objects by getting + rid of the cached copy of thread-local attribute dictionary. -- Issue #8065: Fix memory leak in readline module (from failure to - free the result of history_get_history_state()). +- Issue #1512791: In setframerate() in the wave module, non-integral frame rates + are rounded to the nearest integer. -- Issue #9450: Fix memory leak in readline.replace_history_item and - readline.remove_history_item for readline version >= 5.0. +- Issue #8797: urllib2 does a retry for Basic Authentication failure instead of + falling into recursion. -- Issue #8105: Validate file descriptor passed to mmap.mmap on Windows. +- Issue #1194222: email.utils.parsedate now returns RFC2822 compliant four + character years even if the message contains RFC822 two character years. -- Issue #9422: Fix memory leak when re-initializing a struct.Struct object. +- Issue #8750: Fixed MutableSet's methods to correctly handle reflexive + operations on its self, namely x -= x and x ^= x. -- Issue #7900: The getgroups(2) system call on MacOSX behaves rather oddly - compared to other unix systems. In particular, os.getgroups() does - not reflect any changes made using os.setgroups() but basicly always - returns the same information as the id command. +- Issue #9129: smtpd.py is vulnerable to DoS attacks deriving from missing error + handling when accepting a new connection. - os.getgroups() can now return more than 16 groups on MacOSX. +- Issue #9601: ftplib now provides a workaround for non-compliant + implementations such as IIS shipped with Windows server 2003 returning invalid + response codes for MKD and PWD commands. -- Issue #7384: If the system readline library is linked against - ncurses, do not link the readline module against ncursesw. The - additional restriction of linking the readline and curses modules - against the same curses library is currently not enabled. +- Issue #658749: asyncore's connect() method now correctly interprets winsock + errors. -- Issue #8973: Add __all__ to struct module; this ensures that - help(struct) includes documentation for the struct.Struct class. +- Issue #9501: Fixed logging regressions in cleanup code. -- Issue #2810: Fix cases where the Windows registry API returns - ERROR_MORE_DATA, requiring a re-try in order to get the complete result. +- Fix functools.total_ordering() to skip methods inherited from object. -Build ------ +- Issue #9572: Importlib should not raise an exception if a directory it thought + it needed to create was done concurrently by another process. -- Issue #8852: Allow the socket module to build on OpenSolaris. +- Issue #9617: Signals received during a low-level write operation aren't + ignored by the buffered IO layer anymore. -- Issue #10054: Some platforms provide uintptr_t in inttypes.h. Patch by - Akira Kitada. +- Issue #843590: Make "macintosh" an alias to the "mac_roman" encoding. -- Issue #10055: Make json C89-compliant in UCS4 mode. +- Create os.fsdecode(): decode from the filesystem encoding with surrogateescape + error handler, or strict error handler on Windows. -- Issue #6244: Allow detect_tkinter to look for Tcl/Tk 8.6. +- Issue #3488: Provide convenient shorthand functions ``gzip.compress`` and + ``gzip.decompress``. Original patch by Anand B. Pillai. -- Issue #1633863: Don't ignore $CC under AIX. +- Issue #8807: poplib.POP3_SSL class now accepts a context parameter, which is a + ssl.SSLContext object allowing bundling SSL configuration options, + certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-lived) + structure. -- Issue #9810: Compile bzip2 source files in python's project file - directly. It used to be built with bzip2's makefile. +- Issue #8866: parameters passed to socket.getaddrinfo can now be specified as + single keyword arguments. -- Issue #941346: Improve the build process under AIX and allow Python to - be built as a shared library. Patch by Sébastien Sablé. +- Address XXX comment in dis.py by having inspect.py prefer to reuse the dis.py + compiler flag values over defining its own. -- Issue #4026: Make the fcntl extension build under AIX. Patch by Sébastien - Sablé. +- Issue #9147: Added dis.code_info() which is similar to show_code() but returns + formatted code information in a string rather than displaying on screen. -- Issue #3101: Helper functions _add_one_to_index_C() and - _add_one_to_index_F() become _Py_add_one_to_index_C() and - _Py_add_one_to_index_F(), respectively. +- Issue #9567: functools.update_wrapper now adds a __wrapped__ attribute + pointing to the original callable. -- Issue #9700: define HAVE_BROKEN_POSIX_SEMAPHORES under AIX 6.x. Patch by - Sébastien Sablé. +- Issue #3445: functools.update_wrapper now tolerates missing attributes on + wrapped callables. -- Issue #3928: os.mknod() now available in Solaris, also. +- Issue #5867: Add abc.abstractclassmethod and abc.abstractstaticmethod. -- Issue #6716: Quote -x arguments of compileall in MSI installer. - Exclude 2to3 tests from compileall. +- Issue #9605: posix.getlogin() decodes the username with file filesystem + encoding and surrogateescape error handler. Patch written by David Watson. -- Issue #1628484: The Makefile doesn't ignore the CFLAGS environment - variable anymore. It also forwards the LDFLAGS settings to the linker - when building a shared library. +- Issue #9604: posix.initgroups() encodes the username using the fileystem + encoding and surrogateescape error handler. Patch written by David Watson. -- Issue #9701: The MacOSX installer can patch the shell profile to ensure that - the "bin" directory inside the framework is on the shell's search path. This - feature now also supports the ZSH shell. +- Issue #9603: posix.ttyname() and posix.ctermid() decode the terminal name + using the filesystem encoding and surrogateescape error handler. Patch written + by David Watson. -- Issue #7473: avoid link errors when building a framework with a different - set of architectures than the one that is currently installed. +- Issue #7647: The posix module now has the ST_RDONLY and ST_NOSUID constants, + for use with the statvfs() function. Patch by Adam Jackson. -Tests ------ +- Issue #8688: MANIFEST files created by distutils now include a magic comment + indicating they are generated. Manually maintained MANIFESTs without this + marker will not be overwritten or removed. -- Issue #3699: Fix test_bigaddrspace and extend it to test bytestrings - as well as unicode strings. Initial patch by Sandro Tosi. +- Issue #7467: when reading a file from a ZIP archive, its CRC is checked and a + BadZipfile error is raised if it doesn't match (as used to be the case in + Python 2.5 and earlier). -- Issue #9628: fix runtests.sh -x option so more than one test can be excluded. +- Issue #9550: a BufferedReader could issue an additional read when the original + read request had been satisfied, which could block indefinitely when the + underlying raw IO channel was e.g. a socket. Report and original patch by + Jason V. Miller. -- Issue #9894: Do not hardcode ENOENT in test_subprocess. +- Issue #3757: thread-local objects now support cyclic garbage collection. + Thread-local objects involved in reference cycles will be deallocated timely + by the cyclic GC, even if the underlying thread is still running. -- Issue #9315: Added tests for the trace module. Patch by Eli Bendersky. +- Issue #9452: Add read_file, read_string, and read_dict to the configparser + API; new source attribute to exceptions. -- Issue #7564: Skip test_ioctl if another process is attached to /dev/tty. +- Issue #6231: Fix xml.etree.ElementInclude to include the tail of the current + node. -- Issue #8857: Provide a test case for socket.getaddrinfo. +- Issue #8047: Fix the xml.etree serializer to return bytes by default. Use + ``encoding="unicode"`` to generate a Unicode string. -- Issue #8433: Fix test_curses failure with newer versions of ncurses. +- Issue #8280: urllib2's Request method will remove fragments in the url. This + is how it is supposed to work, wget and curl do the same. Previous behavior + was wrong. -- Issue #9496: Provide a test suite for the rlcompleter module. Patch by - Michele Orrù. +- Issue #6683: For SMTP logins we now try all authentication methods advertised + by the server. Many servers are buggy and advertise authentication methods + they do not support in reality. -- Issue #9251: test_threaded_import didn't fail when run through regrtest - if the import lock was disabled. +- Issue #8814: function annotations (the ``__annotations__`` attribute) are now + included in the set of attributes copied by default by functools.wraps and + functools.update_wrapper. Patch by Terrence Cole. -- Issue #7449: Skip test_socketserver if threading support is disabled +- Issue #2944: asyncore doesn't handle connection refused correctly. -- Issue #8672: Add a zlib test ensuring that an incomplete stream can be - handled by a decompressor object without errors (it returns incomplete - uncompressed data). +- Issue #4184: Private attributes on smtpd.SMTPChannel made public and deprecate + the private attributes. Add tests for smtpd module. -- Issue #8629: Disable some test_ssl tests, since they give different - results with OpenSSL 1.0.0 and higher. +- Issue #3196: email header decoding is now forgiving if an RFC2047 encoded word + encoded in base64 is lacking padding. -- Issue #8533: regrtest uses backslashreplace error handler for stdout to avoid - UnicodeEncodeError (write non-ASCII character to stdout using ASCII encoding) +- Issue #9444: Argparse now uses the first element of prefix_chars as the option + character for the added 'h/help' option if prefix_chars does not contain a + '-', instead of raising an error. -- Issue #8576: Remove use of find_unused_port() in test_smtplib and - test_multiprocessing. Patch by Paul Moore. +- Issue #7372: Fix pstats regression when stripping paths from profile data + generated with the profile module. -- Issue #8531: Skip test_ascii_formatd if ctypes module is missing +- Issue #9428: Fix running scripts with the profile/cProfile modules from the + command line. -- Issue #3864: Skip three test_signal tests on freebsd6 because they fail - if any thread was previously started, most likely due to a platform bug. +- Issue #7781: Fix restricting stats by entry counts in the pstats interactive + browser. -- Issue #8193: Fix test_zlib failure with zlib 1.2.4. +- Issue #9209: Do not crash in the pstats interactive browser on invalid regular + expressions. -- Issue #9568: Fix test_urllib2_localnet on OS X 10.3. +- Update collections.OrderedDict to match the implementation in Py2.7 (based on + lists instead of weakly referenced Link objects). -Documentation -------------- +- Issue #8397: Raise an error when attempting to mix iteration and regular reads + on a BZ2File object, rather than returning incorrect results. -- Issue #9817: Add expat COPYING file; add expat, libffi and expat licenses - to Doc/license.rst. +- Issue #9448: Fix a leak of OS resources (mutexes or semaphores) when + re-initializing a buffered IO object by calling its ``__init__`` method. -- Issue #9255: Document that the 'test' package is meant for interal Python use - only. +- Issue #1713: Fix os.path.ismount(), which returned true for symbolic links + across devices. + +- Issue #8826: Properly load old-style "expires" attribute in http.cookies. -- Issue #7829: Document in dis that bytecode is an implementation detail. +- Issue #1690103: Fix initial namespace for code run with trace.main(). + +- Issue #7395: Fix tracebacks in pstats interactive browser. + +- Issue #8230: Fix Lib/test/sortperf.py. + +- Issue #8620: when a cmd.Cmd() is fed input that reaches EOF without a final + newline, it no longer truncates the last character of the last command line. + +- Issue #5146: Handle UID THREAD command correctly in imaplib. + +- Issue #5147: Fix the header generated for cookie files written by + http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar. + +- Issue #8198: In pydoc, output all help text to the correct stream when + sys.stdout is reassigned. + +- Issue #7909: Do not touch paths with the special prefixes ``\\.\`` or ``\\?\`` + in ntpath.normpath(). + +- Issue #1286: Allow using fileinput.FileInput as a context manager. + +- Add lru_cache() decorator to the functools module. Tools/Demos ----------- -- Issue #7287: Demo/imputil/knee.py was removed. +- Fix ``Tools/scripts/checkpyc.py`` after PEP 3147. +- Issue #8867: Fix ``Tools/scripts/serve.py`` to work with files containing + non-ASCII content. +Tests +----- -What's New in Python 3.1.2? -=========================== +- Issue #9601: Provide a test case for ftplib.parse257. -*Release date: 2010-03-20* +- Issue #8857: Provide a test case for socket.getaddrinfo. -Core and Builtins ------------------ +- Issue #7564: Skip test_ioctl if another process is attached to /dev/tty. -- Issue #7173: Generator finalization could invalidate sys.exc_info(). +- Issue #8433: Fix test_curses failure with newer versions of ncurses. -Library -------- +- Issue #9496: Provide a test suite for the rlcompleter module. Patch by + Michele Orrù. -- Issue #2698: The --compiler ignored was ignored for distutils' build_ext. +- Issue #8687: provide a test suite for sched.py module. -- Issue #4961: Inconsistent/wrong result of askyesno function in tkMessageBox - with Tcl/Tk-8.5. +Build +----- + +- Issue #1303434: Generate ZIP file containing all PDBs. + +- Issue #9193: PEP 3149 is accepted. -- Issue #7356: ctypes.util: Make parsing of ldconfig output independent of - the locale. +- Issue #3101: Helper functions _add_one_to_index_C() and _add_one_to_index_F() + become _Py_add_one_to_index_C() and _Py_add_one_to_index_F(), respectively. +- Issue #9700: define HAVE_BROKEN_POSIX_SEMAPHORES under AIX 6.x. Patch by + Sébastien Sablé. -What's New in Python 3.1.2 release candidate 1? -=============================================== +- Don't run pgen twice when using make -j. -*Release date: 2010-03-06* + +What's New in Python 3.2 Alpha 1? +================================= + +*Release date: 01-Aug-2010* Core and Builtins ----------------- -- Issue #7544: Preallocate thread memory before creating the thread to avoid - a fatal error in low memory condition. +- Issue #8991: convertbuffer() rejects discontigious buffers. + +- Issue #7616: Fix copying of overlapping memoryview slices with the Intel + compiler. + +- Issue #8413: structsequence now subclasses tuple. + +- Issue #8271: during the decoding of an invalid UTF-8 byte sequence, only the + start byte and the continuation byte(s) are now considered invalid, instead of + the number of bytes specified by the start byte. E.g.: + '\xf1\x80AB'.decode('utf-8', 'replace') now returns u'\ufffdAB' and replaces + with U+FFFD only the start byte ('\xf1') and the continuation byte ('\x80') + even if '\xf1' is the start byte of a 4-bytes sequence. Previous versions + returned a single u'\ufffd'. + +- Issue #9011: A negated imaginary literal (e.g., "-7j") now has real part -0.0 + rather than 0.0. So "-7j" is now exactly equivalent to "-(7j)". + +- Be more specific in error messages about positional arguments. + +- Issue #8949: "z" format of PyArg_Parse*() functions doesn't accept bytes + objects, as described in the documentation. + +- Issue #6543: Write the traceback in the terminal encoding instead of utf-8. + Fix the encoding of the modules filename. Patch written by Amaury Forgeot + d'Arc. + +- Issue #9011: Remove buggy and unnecessary (in 3.x) ST->AST compilation code + dealing with unary minus applied to a constant. The removed code was mutating + the ST, causing a second compilation to fail. + +- Issue #850997: mbcs encoding (Windows only) handles errors argument: strict + mode raises unicode errors. The encoder only supports "strict" and "replace" + error handlers, the decoder only supports "strict" and "ignore" error + handlers. Patch written by Mark Hammond. + +- Issue #8850: Remove "w" and "w#" formats from PyArg_Parse*() functions, use + "w*" format instead. Add tests for "w*" format. + +- Issue #8592: PyArg_Parse*() functions raise a TypeError for "y", "u" and "Z" + formats if the string contains a null byte/character. Write unit tests for + string formats. + +- Issue #7490: To facilitate sharing of doctests between 2.x and 3.x test + suites, the IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL directive now also ignores the module + location of the raised exception. + +- Issue #8969: On Windows, use mbcs codec in strict mode to encode and decode + filenames and enable os.fsencode(). + +- Issue #9058: Remove assertions about INT_MAX in UnicodeDecodeError. + +- Issue #8941: Decoding big endian UTF-32 data in UCS-2 builds could crash the + interpreter with characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (higher than + 0x10000). + +- Issue #8950: (See also issue #5080). Py_ArgParse*() functions now raise + TypeError instead of giving a DeprecationWarning when a float is parsed using + the 'L' code (for long long). (All other integer codes already raise + TypeError in this case.) + +- Issue #8922: Normalize the encoding name in PyUnicode_AsEncodedString() to + enable shortcuts for upper case encoding name. Add also a shortcut for + "iso-8859-1" in PyUnicode_AsEncodedString() and PyUnicode_Decode(). + +- Issue #8838: Remove codecs.charbuffer_encode() function. The buffer protocol + doesn't support "char buffer" anymore in Python 3. + +- Issue #8339: Remove "t#" format of PyArg_Parse*() functions, use "s#" or "s*" + instead. codecs.charbuffer_encode() now accepts modifiable buffer objects + like bytearray. + +- Issue #8837: Remove "O?" format of PyArg_Parse*() functions. The format is no + used anymore and it was never documented. -- Issue #7820: The parser tokenizer restores all bytes in the right if - the BOM check fails. +- In str.format(), raise a ValueError when indexes to arguments are too large. + +- Issue #2844: Make int('42', n) consistently raise ValueError for invalid + integers n (including n = -909). + +- Issue #8188: Introduce a new scheme for computing hashes of numbers (instances + of int, float, complex, decimal.Decimal and fractions.Fraction) that makes it + easy to maintain the invariant that hash(x) == hash(y) whenever x and y have + equal value. + +- Issue #8748: Fix two issues with comparisons between complex and integer + objects. (1) The comparison could incorrectly return True in some cases + (2**53+1 == complex(2**53) == 2**53), breaking transitivity of equality. + (2) The comparison raised an OverflowError for large integers, leading to + unpredictable exceptions when combining integers and complex objects in sets + or dicts. + +- Issue #8766: Initialize _warnings module before importing the first module. + Fix a crash if an empty directory called "encodings" exists in sys.path. + +- Issue #8589: Decode PYTHONWARNINGS environment variable with the file system + encoding and surrogateescape error handler instead of the locale encoding to + be consistent with os.environ. Add PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode() function. + +- PyObject_Dump() encodes unicode objects to utf8 with backslashreplace (instead + of strict) error handler to escape surrogates. + +- Issue #8715: Create PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault() function: Encode a Unicode + object to Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding with the "surrogateescape" error + handler, and return bytes. If Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding is not set, fall + back to UTF-8. + +- Enable shortcuts for common encodings in PyUnicode_AsEncodedString() for any + error handler, not only the default error handler (strict). + +- Issue #8610: Load file system codec at startup, and display a fatal error on + failure. Set the file system encoding to utf-8 (instead of None) if getting + the locale encoding failed, or if nl_langinfo(CODESET) function is missing. + +- PyFile_FromFd() uses PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault() instead of + PyUnicode_FromString() to support surrogates in the filename and use the right + encoding. + +- Issue #7507: Quote "!" in pipes.quote(); it is special to some shells. + +- PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize() uses surrogateescape error handler. + +- Issue #8419: Prevent the dict constructor from accepting non-string keyword + arguments. + +- Issue #8124: PySys_WriteStdout() and PySys_WriteStderr() don't execute + indirectly Python signal handlers anymore because mywrite() ignores exceptions + (KeyboardInterrupt). + +- Issue #8092: Fix PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8() to support error handler producing + unicode string (eg. backslashreplace). + +- Issue #8485: PyUnicode_FSConverter() doesn't accept byteearray objects + anymore, you have to convert your bytearray filenames to bytes. + +- Issue #7332: Remove the 16KB stack-based buffer in + PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile, which doesn't bring any noticeable benefit + compared to the dynamic memory allocation fallback. Patch by Charles-François + Natali. + +- Issue #8417: Raise an OverflowError when an integer larger than sys.maxsize is + passed to bytes or bytearray. + +- Issue #7301: Add environment variable $PYTHONWARNINGS. + +- Issue #8329: Don't return the same lists from select.select when no fds are + changed. + +- Issue #8259: 1L << (2**31) no longer produces an 'outrageous shift error' on + 64-bit machines. The shift count for either left or right shift is permitted + to be up to sys.maxsize. + +- Ensure that tokenization of identifiers is not affected by locale. + +- Issue #1222585: Added LDCXXSHARED for C++ support. Patch by Arfrever. + +- Raise a TypeError when trying to delete a T_STRING_INPLACE struct member. + +- Issue #8211: Save/restore CFLAGS around AC_PROG_CC in configure.in, in case it + is set. + +- Issue #8226: sys.setfilesystemencoding() raises a LookupError if the encoding + is unknown. + +- Issue #1583863: A str subclass can now override the __str__ method. + +- Issue #8014: Setting a T_UINT or T_PYSSIZET attribute of an object with + PyMemberDefs could produce an internal error; raise TypeError instead. + +- Issue #7845: Rich comparison methods on the complex type now return + NotImplemented rather than raising a TypeError when comparing with an + incompatible type; this allows user-defined classes to implement their own + comparisons with complex. + +- Issue #3137: Don't ignore errors at startup, especially a keyboard interrupt + (SIGINT). If an error occurs while importing the site module, the error is + printed and Python exits. Initialize the GIL before importing the site module. + +- Issue #7173: Generator finalization could invalidate sys.exc_info(). + +- Issue #7544: Preallocate thread memory before creating the thread to avoid a + fatal error in low memory condition. + +- Issue #7820: The parser tokenizer restores all bytes in the right if the BOM + check fails. - Handle errors from looking up __prepare__ correctly. -- Issue #5939: Add additional runtime checking to ensure a valid capsule - in Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c. +- Issue #5939: Add additional runtime checking to ensure a valid capsule in + Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c. - Issue #7309: Fix unchecked attribute access when converting - UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError, and UnicodeTranslateError to - strings. + UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError, and UnicodeTranslateError to strings. + +- Issue #6902: Fix problem with built-in types format incorrectly with 0 + padding. + +- Issue #7988: Fix default alignment to be right aligned for complex.__format__. + Now it matches other numeric types. -- Issue #6902: Fix problem with built-in types format incorrectly with - 0 padding. +- Issue #5988: Remove deprecated functions PyOS_ascii_formatd, + PyOS_ascii_strtod, and PyOS_ascii_atof. Use PyOS_double_to_string and + PyOS_string_to_double instead. See issue #5835 for the original deprecations. -- Issue #7988: Fix default alignment to be right aligned for - complex.__format__. Now it matches other numeric types. +- Issue #7385: Fix a crash in `MemoryView_FromObject` when `PyObject_GetBuffer` + fails. Patch by Florent Xicluna. -- Issue #7385: Fix a crash in `MemoryView_FromObject` when - `PyObject_GetBuffer` fails. Patch by Florent Xicluna. +- Issue #7788: Fix an interpreter crash produced by deleting a list slice with + very large step value. -- Issue #7788: Fix an interpreter crash produced by deleting a list - slice with very large step value. +- Issue #7766: Change sys.getwindowsversion() return value to a named tuple and + add the additional members returned in an OSVERSIONINFOEX structure. The new + members are service_pack_major, service_pack_minor, suite_mask, and + product_type. -- Issue #7561: Operations on empty bytearrays (such as `int(bytearray())`) - could crash in many places because of the PyByteArray_AS_STRING() macro - returning NULL. The macro now returns a statically allocated empty - string instead. +- Issue #7561: Operations on empty bytearrays (such as `int(bytearray())`) could + crash in many places because of the PyByteArray_AS_STRING() macro returning + NULL. The macro now returns a statically allocated empty string instead. -- Issue #7632: Fix various str -> float conversion bugs present in 2.7 - alpha 2, including: (1) a serious 'wrong output' bug that could - occur for long (> 40 digit) input strings, (2) a crash in dtoa.c - that occurred in debug builds when parsing certain long numeric - strings corresponding to subnormal values, (3) a memory leak for - some values large enough to cause overflow, and (4) a number of - flaws that could lead to incorrectly rounded results. +- Issue #6690: Optimize the bytecode for expressions such as `x in {1, 2, 3}`, + where the right hand operand is a set of constants, by turning the set into a + frozenset and pre-building it as a constant. The comparison operation is made + against the constant instead of building a new set each time it is executed (a + similar optimization already existed which turned a list of constants into a + pre-built tuple). Patch and additional tests by Dave Malcolm. + +- Issue #7622: Improve the split(), rsplit(), splitlines() and replace() methods + of bytes, bytearray and unicode objects by using a common implementation based + on stringlib's fast search. Patch by Florent Xicluna. + +- Issue #7632: Fix various str -> float conversion bugs present in 2.7 alpha 2, + including: (1) a serious 'wrong output' bug that could occur for long (> 40 + digit) input strings, (2) a crash in dtoa.c that occurred in debug builds when + parsing certain long numeric strings corresponding to subnormal values, (3) a + memory leak for some values large enough to cause overflow, and (4) a number + of flaws that could lead to incorrectly rounded results. + +- The __complex__ method is now looked up on the class of instances to make it + consistent with other special methods. + +- Issue #7462: Implement the stringlib fast search algorithm for the `rfind`, + `rindex`, `rsplit` and `rpartition` methods. Patch by Florent Xicluna. - Issue #7604: Deleting an unset slotted attribute did not raise an AttributeError. -- Issue #7466: segmentation fault when the garbage collector is called - in the middle of populating a tuple. Patch by Florent Xicluna. +- Issue #7534: Fix handling of IEEE specials (infinities, nans, negative zero) + in ** operator. The behaviour now conforms to that described in C99 Annex F. + +- Issue #1811: improve accuracy and cross-platform consistency for true division + of integers: the result of a/b is now correctly rounded for ints a and b (at + least on IEEE 754 platforms), and in particular does not depend on the + internal representation of an int. + +- Issue #6834: replace the implementation for the 'python' and 'pythonw' + executables on OSX. + + These executables now work properly with the arch(1) command: ``arch -ppc + python`` will start a universal binary version of python in PPC mode (unlike + previous releases). + +- Issue #7466: Segmentation fault when the garbage collector is called in the + middle of populating a tuple. Patch by Florent Xicluna. - Issue #7419: setlocale() could crash the interpreter on Windows when called with invalid values. @@ -1218,65 +2472,776 @@ Core and Builtins - Issue #6077: On Windows, files opened with tempfile.TemporaryFile in "wt+" mode would appear truncated on the first '0x1a' byte (aka. Ctrl+Z). -- Issue #7085: Fix crash when importing some extensions in a thread - on MacOSX 10.6. +- Issue #7085: Fix crash when importing some extensions in a thread on MacOSX + 10.6. + +- Issue #1757126: Fix the cyrillic-asian alias for the ptcp154 encoding. -- Issue #7298: fixes for range and reversed(range(...)). Iteration - over range(a, b, c) incorrectly gave an empty iterator when a, b and - c fit in C long but the length of the range did not. Also fix - several cases where reversed(range(a, b, c)) gave wrong results, and - fix a refleak for reversed(range(a, b, c)) with large arguments. +- Issue #6970: Remove redundant calls when comparing objects that don't + implement the relevant rich comparison methods. -- Issue #7244: itertools.izip_longest() no longer ignores exceptions - raised during the formation of an output tuple. +- Issue #7298: Fixes for range and reversed(range(...)). Iteration over + range(a, b, c) incorrectly gave an empty iterator when a, b and c fit in C + long but the length of the range did not. Also fix several cases where + reversed(range(a, b, c)) gave wrong results, and fix a refleak for + reversed(range(a, b, c)) with large arguments. + +- Issue #7244: itertools.izip_longest() no longer ignores exceptions raised + during the formation of an output tuple. - Issue #3297: On wide unicode builds, do not split unicode characters into surrogates. +- Remove length limitation when constructing a complex number from a string. + +- Issue #1087418: Boost performance of bitwise operations for longs. + +- Support for AtheOS has been completely removed from the code base. It was + disabled since Python 3.0. + +- Support for several legacy threading libraries has been disabled. These + libraries are: Mach C threads, SunOS LWP, GNU pth, Irix threads. Support code + will be entirely removed in 3.3. + +- Support for OSF* has been disabled. If nobody stands up, support will be + removed in 3.3. See <http://bugs.python.org/issue8606>. + +- Peephole constant folding had missed UNARY_POSITIVE. + - Issue #1722344: threading._shutdown() is now called in Py_Finalize(), which fixes the problem of some exceptions being thrown at shutdown when the interpreter is killed. Patch by Adam Olsen. -- Issue #7065: Fix a crash in bytes.maketrans and bytearray.maketrans when - using byte values greater than 127. Patch by Derk Drukker. +- Issue #7147: Remove support for compiling Python without complex number + support. + +- Issue #7120: logging: Removed import of multiprocessing which is causing crash + in GAE. + +- Issue #1754094: Improve the stack depth calculation in the compiler. There + should be no other effect than a small decrease in memory use. Patch by + Christopher Tur Lesniewski-Laas. -- Issue #7019: Raise ValueError when unmarshalling bad long data, instead - of producing internally inconsistent Python longs. +- Issue #7065: Fix a crash in bytes.maketrans and bytearray.maketrans when using + byte values greater than 127. Patch by Derk Drukker. -- Issue #6990: Fix threading.local subclasses leaving old state around - after a reference cycle GC which could be recycled by new locals. +- Issue #1571184: The Unicode database contains properties for more characters. + The tables for code points representing numeric values, white spaces or line + breaks are now generated from the official Unicode Character Database files, + and include information from the Unihan.txt file. + +- Issue #7019: Raise ValueError when unmarshalling bad long data, instead of + producing internally inconsistent Python longs. + +- Issue #6990: Fix threading.local subclasses leaving old state around after a + reference cycle GC which could be recycled by new locals. + +- Issue #5460: Fix an ambiguity in the grammar. + +- Issue #1766304: Improve performance of membership tests on range objects. + +- Issue #6713: Improve performance of integer -> string conversions. - Issue #6846: Fix bug where bytearray.pop() returns negative integers. -- Issue #6750: A text file opened with io.open() could duplicate its output - when writing from multiple threads at the same time. +- Issue #6750: A text file opened with io.open() could duplicate its output when + writing from multiple threads at the same time. + +- Issue #6707: dir() on an uninitialized module caused a crash. + +- Issue #6540: Fixed crash for bytearray.translate() with invalid parameters. + +- Issue #6573: set.union() stopped processing inputs if an instance of self + occurred in the argument chain. + +- Issue #6070: On posix platforms import no longer copies the execute bit from + the .py file to the .pyc file if it is set. + +- Issue #1616979: Added the cp720 (Arabic DOS) encoding. + +- Issue #6428: Since Python 3.0, the __bool__ method must return a bool object, + and not an int. Fix the corresponding error message, and the documentation. + +- The deprecated PyCObject has been removed. + +- Issue #6347: Include inttypes.h as well as stdint.h in pyport.h. This fixes a + build failure on HP-UX: int32_t and uint32_t are defined in inttypes.h instead + of stdint.h on that platform. + +- Issue #6373: Fixed a SystemError when encoding with the latin-1 codec and the + 'surrogateescape' error handler, a string which contains unpaired surrogates. + +- Issue #4856: Remove checks for win NT. + +- Issue #6687: PyBytes_FromObject() no longer accepts an integer as its argument + to construct a null-initialized bytes object. + +- Issue #1023290: Add from_bytes() and to_bytes() methods to integers. These + methods allow the conversion of integers to bytes, and vice-versa. + +- Issue #7382: Fix bug in bytes.__getnewargs__ that prevented bytes instances + from being copied with copy.copy(), and bytes subclasses from being pickled + properly. + +- Code objects now support weak references. + +- Issue #7072: isspace(0xa0) is true on Mac OS X. + +- Issue #8084: PEP 370 now conforms to system conventions for framework builds + on MacOS X. That is, "python setup.py install --user" will install into + "~/Library/Python/2.7" instead of "~/.local". + +C-API +----- + +- Issue #2443: A new macro, `Py_VA_COPY`, copies the state of the + variable argument list. `Py_VA_COPY` is equivalent to C99 + `va_copy`, but available on all python platforms. + +- PySlice_GetIndicesEx now clips the step to [-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX] + instead of [-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX-1, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX]. This makes it safe to do + "step = -step" when reversing a slice. + +- Issue #5753: A new C API function, `PySys_SetArgvEx`, allows embedders of the + interpreter to set sys.argv without also modifying sys.path. This helps fix + `CVE-2008-5983 + <http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2008-5983>`_. + +- Add PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments, which checks if all keyword arguments are + strings in an efficient manner. + +- Issue #8276: PyEval_CallObject() is now only available in macro form. The + function declaration, which was kept for backwards compatibility reasons, is + now removed (the macro was introduced in 1997!). + +- Issue #7767: New function PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow added, analogous to + PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow. + +- Make PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString return not equal if the Python string + has '\0' at the end. + +- Issue #5080: The argument parsing functions PyArg_ParseTuple, + PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords, PyArg_VaParse, PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords and + PyArg_Parse now raise a DeprecationWarning for float arguments passed with the + 'L' format code. This will become a TypeError in a future version of Python, + to match the behaviour of the other integer format codes. + +- Issue #7033: Function ``PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc()`` added. + +- Issue #7414: 'C' code wasn't being skipped properly (for keyword arguments) in + PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords. + +- Issue #7228: Add '%lld' and '%llu' support to PyString_FromFormat(V) and + PyErr_Format, on machines with HAVE_LONG_LONG defined. + +- Issue #6151: Made PyDescr_COMMON conform to standard C (like PyObject_HEAD in + PEP 3123). The PyDescr_TYPE and PyDescr_NAME macros should be should used for + accessing the d_type and d_name members of structures using PyDescr_COMMON. + +- Issue #6405: Remove duplicate type declarations in descrobject.h. + +- The code flags for old __future__ features are now available again. + +- Issue #5954: Add a PyFrame_GetLineNumber() function to replace most uses of + PyCode_Addr2Line(). + +- Issue #5959: Add a PyCode_NewEmpty() function to create a new empty code + object at a specified file, function, and line number. + +- Issue #1419652: Change the first argument to PyImport_AppendInittab() to + ``const char *`` as the string is stored beyond the call. + +- Issue #2422: When compiled with the ``--with-valgrind`` option, the pymalloc + allocator will be automatically disabled when running under Valgrind. This + gives improved memory leak detection when running under Valgrind, while taking + advantage of pymalloc at other times. Library ------- -- Issue #7154: urllib.request can now detect the proxy settings on OSX 10.6 - (as long as the user didn't specify 'automatic proxy configuration'). +- In pdb, when Ctrl-C is entered while defining commands for a breakpoint, the + old commands are restored. + +- For traceback debugging, the pdb listing now also shows the locations where + the exception was originally (re)raised, if it differs from the last line + executed (e.g. in case of finally clauses). + +- The pdb command "source" has been added. It displays the source code for a + given object, if possible. + +- The pdb command "longlist" has been added. It displays the whole source code + for the current function. + +- Issue #1503502: Make pdb.Pdb easier to subclass by putting message and error + output into methods. + +- Issue #809887: Make the output of pdb's breakpoint deletions more consistent; + emit a message when a breakpoint is enabled or disabled. + +- Issue #5294: Fix the behavior of pdb's "continue" command when called in the + top-level debugged frame. + +- Issue #5727: Restore the ability to use readline when calling into pdb in + doctests. + +- Issue #6719: In pdb, do not stop somewhere in the encodings machinery if the + source file to be debugged is in a non-builtin encoding. + +- Issue #8048: Prevent doctests from failing when sys.displayhook has been + reassigned. + +- Issue #8015: In pdb, do not crash when an empty line is entered as a + breakpoint command. + +- In pdb, allow giving a line number to the "until" command. + +- Issue #1437051: For pdb, allow "continue" and related commands in .pdbrc + files. Also, add a command-line option "-c" that runs a command as if given + in .pdbrc. + +- Issue #4179: In pdb, allow "list ." as a command to return to the currently + debugged line. + +- Issue #4108: In urllib.robotparser, if there are multiple ``User-agent: *`` + entries, consider the first one. + +- Issue #6630: Allow customizing regex flags when subclassing the + string.Template class. + +- Issue #9411: Allow specifying an encoding for config files in the configparser + module. + +- Issue #1682942: Improvements to configparser: support alternate delimiters, + alternate comment prefixes and empty lines in values. + +- Issue #9354: Provide getsockopt() in asyncore's file_wrapper. + +- Issue #8966: ctypes: Remove implicit bytes-unicode conversion. + +- Issue #9378: python -m pickle <pickle file> will now load and display the + first object in the pickle file. + +- Issue #4770: Restrict binascii module to accept only bytes (as specified). + And fix the email package to encode to ASCII instead of ``raw-unicode-escape`` + before ASCII-to-binary decoding. + +- Issue #9384: ``python -m tkinter`` will now display a simple demo applet. + +- The default size of the re module's compiled regular expression cache has been + increased from 100 to 500 and the cache replacement policy has changed from + simply clearing the entire cache on overflow to forgetting the least recently + used cached compiled regular expressions. This is a performance win for + applications that use a lot of regular expressions and limits the impact of + the performance hit anytime the cache is exceeded. + +- Issue #7113: Speed up loading in configparser. Patch by Łukasz Langa. + +- Issue #9032: XML-RPC client retries the request on EPIPE error. The EPIPE + error occurs when the server closes the socket and the client sends a big + XML-RPC request. + +- Issue #4629: getopt raises an error if an argument ends with "=", whereas + getopt doesn't accept a value (eg. --help= is rejected if getopt uses + ['help='] long options). + +- Issue #7989: Added pure python implementation of the `datetime` module. The C + module is renamed to `_datetime` and if available, overrides all classes + defined in datetime with fast C impementation. Python implementation is based + on the original python prototype for the datetime module by Tim Peters with + minor modifications by the PyPy project. The test suite now tests `datetime` + module with and without `_datetime` acceleration using the same test cases. + +- Issue #7895: platform.mac_ver() no longer crashes after calling os.fork(). + +- Issue #9323: Fixed a bug in trace.py that resulted in loosing the name of the + script being traced. Patch by Eli Bendersky. + +- Issue #9282: Fixed --listfuncs option of trace.py. Thanks Eli Bendersky for + the patch. + +- Issue #3704: http.cookiejar was not properly handling URLs with a / in the + parameters. + +- Issue #9268: ``pickletools.dis()`` now has an optional *annotate* argument + which controls printing of opcode descriptions in ``dis()`` output. + +- Issue #1555570: email no longer inserts extra blank lines when a \r\n combo + crosses an 8192 byte boundary. + +- Issue #9243: Fix sndhdr module and add unit tests, contributed by James Lee. + +- ``ast.literal_eval()`` now allows byte literals. + +- Issue #9137: Fix issue in MutableMapping.update, which incorrectly treated + keyword arguments called 'self' or 'other' specially. + +- ``ast.literal_eval()`` now allows set literals. + +- Issue #9164: Ensure that sysconfig handles duplicate -arch flags in CFLAGS. + +- Issue #7646: The fnmatch pattern cache no longer grows without bound. + +- Issue #9136: Fix 'dictionary changed size during iteration' RuntimeError + produced when profiling the decimal module. This was due to a dangerous + iteration over 'locals()' in Context.__init__. + +- Fix extreme speed issue in Decimal.pow when the base is an exact power of 10 + and the exponent is tiny (for example, ``Decimal(10) ** + Decimal('1e-999999999')``). -- Issue #8412: os.system() now accepts bytes, bytearray and str with +- Issue #9186: Fix math.log1p(-1.0) to raise ValueError, not OverflowError. + +- Issue #9130: Fix validation of relative imports in parser module. + +- Issue #9128: Fix validation of class decorators in parser module. + +- Issue #9094: python -m pickletools will now disassemble pickle files listed in + the command line arguments. See output of python -m pickletools -h for more + details. + +- Issue #5468: urlencode to handle bytes type and other encodings in its query + parameter. Patch by Dan Mahn. + +- Issue #7673: Fix security vulnerability (CVE-2010-2089) in the audioop module, + ensure that the input string length is a multiple of the frame size. + +- Issue #6507: Accept source strings in dis.dis(). Original patch by Daniel + Urban. + +- Issue #7829: Clearly document that the dis module is exposing an + implementation detail that is not stable between Python VMs or releases. + +- Issue #6589: cleanup asyncore.socket_map in case smtpd.SMTPServer constructor + raises an exception. + +- Issue #9110: Addition of ContextDecorator to contextlib, for creating APIs + that act as both context managers and decorators. contextmanager changes to + use ContextDecorator. + +- Implement importlib.abc.SourceLoader and deprecate PyLoader and PyPycLoader + for removal in Python 3.4. + +- Issue #9064: pdb's "up" and "down" commands now accept an optional argument + giving the number of frames to go. + +- Issue #9018: os.path.normcase() now raises a TypeError if the argument is not + ``str`` or ``bytes``. + +- Issue #9075: In the ssl module, remove the setting of a ``debug`` flag on an + OpenSSL structure. + +- Issue #8682: The ssl module now temporary increments the reference count of a + socket object got through ``PyWeakref_GetObject``, so as to avoid possible + deallocation while the object is still being used. + +- Issue #1368368: FancyURLOpener class changed to throw an Exception on wrong + password instead of presenting an interactive prompt. Older behavior can be + obtained by passing retry=True to http_error_xxx methods of FancyURLOpener. + +- Issue #8720: Fix regression caused by fix for #4050 by making getsourcefile + smart enough to find source files in the linecache. + +- Issue #5610: feedparser no longer eats extra characters at the end of a body + part if the body part ends with a ``\r\n``. + +- Issue #8986: math.erfc was incorrectly raising OverflowError for values + between -27.3 and -30.0 on some platforms. + +- Issue #8784: Set tarfile default encoding to 'utf-8' on Windows. + +- Issue #8966: If a ctypes structure field is an array of c_char, convert its + value to bytes instead of str (as done for c_char and c_char_p). + +- Issue #8188: Comparisons between Decimal and Fraction objects are now + permitted, returning a result based on the exact numerical values of the + operands. This builds on issue #2531, which allowed Decimal-to-float + comparisons; all comparisons involving numeric types (bool, int, float, + complex, Decimal, Fraction) should now act as expected. + +- Issue #8897: Fix sunau module, use bytes to write the header. Patch written by + Thomas Jollans. + +- Issue #8899: time.struct_time now has class and attribute docstrings. + +- Issue #6470: Drop UNC prefix in FixTk. + +- Issue #4768: base64 encoded email body parts were incorrectly stored as binary + strings. They are now correctly converted to strings. + +- Issue #8833: tarfile created hard link entries with a size field != 0 by + mistake. + +- Charset.body_encode now correctly handles base64 encoding by encoding with the + output_charset before calling base64mime.encode. Passes the tests from 2.x + issue #1368247. + +- Issue #8845: sqlite3 Connection objects now have a read-only in_transaction + attribute that is True iff there are uncommitted changes. + +- Issue #1289118: datetime.timedelta objects can now be multiplied by float and + divided by float and int objects. Results are rounded to the nearest multiple + of timedelta.resolution with ties resolved using round-half-to-even method. + +- Issue #7150: Raise OverflowError if the result of adding or subtracting + timedelta from date or datetime falls outside of the MINYEAR:MAXYEAR range. + +- Issue #8806: add SSL contexts support to ftplib. + +- Issue #4769: Fix main() function of the base64 module, use sys.stdin.buffer + and sys.stdout.buffer (instead of sys.stdin and sys.stdout) to use the bytes + API. + +- Issue #8770: Now sysconfig displays information when it's called as a script. + Initial idea by Sridhar Ratnakumar. + +- Issue #6662: Fix parsing of malformatted charref (&#bad;), patch written by + Fredrik Håård. + +- Issue #8540: Decimal module: rename the Context._clamp attribute to + Context.clamp and make it public. This is useful in creating contexts that + correspond to the decimal interchange formats specified in IEEE 754. + +- Issue #6268: Fix seek() method of codecs.open(), don't read or write the BOM + twice after seek(0). Fix also reset() method of codecs, UTF-16, UTF-32 and + StreamWriter classes. + +- Issue #3798: sys.exit(message) writes the message to sys.stderr file, instead + of the C file stderr, to use stderr encoding and error handler. + +- Issue #8782: Add a trailing newline in linecache.updatecache to the last line + of files without one. + +- Issue #8729: Return NotImplemented from collections.Mapping.__eq__ when + comparing to a non-mapping. + +- Issue #8774: tabnanny uses the encoding cookie (#coding:...) to use the + correct encoding. + +- Issue #4870: Add an `options` attribute to SSL contexts, as well as several + ``OP_*`` constants to the `ssl` module. This allows to selectively disable + protocol versions, when used in combination with `PROTOCOL_SSLv23`. + +- Issue #8759: Fixed user paths in sysconfig for posix and os2 schemes. + +- Issue #8663: distutils.log emulates backslashreplace error handler. Fix + compilation in a non-ASCII directory if stdout encoding is ASCII (eg. if + stdout is not a TTY). + +- Issue #8513: os.get_exec_path() supports b'PATH' key and bytes value. + subprocess.Popen() and os._execvpe() support bytes program name. Add + os.supports_bytes_environ flag: True if the native OS type of the environment + is bytes (eg. False on Windows). + +- Issue #8633: tarfile is now able to read and write archives with "raw" binary + pax headers as described in POSIX.1-2008. + +- Issue #1285086: Speed up urllib.parse functions: quote, quote_from_bytes, + unquote, unquote_to_bytes. + +- Issue #8688: Distutils now recalculates MANIFEST everytime. + +- Issue #8477: ssl.RAND_egd() and ssl._test_decode_cert() support str with + surrogates and bytes for the filename. + +- Issue #8550: Add first class ``SSLContext`` objects to the ssl module. + +- Issue #8681: Make the zlib module's error messages more informative when the + zlib itself doesn't give any detailed explanation. + +- The audioop module now supports sound fragments of length greater than 2**31 + bytes on 64-bit machines, and is PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN. + +- Issue #4972: Add support for the context manager protocol to the ftplib.FTP + class. + +- Issue #8664: In py_compile, create __pycache__ when the compiled path is + given. + +- Issue #8514: Add os.fsencode() function (Unix only): encode a string to bytes + for use in the file system, environment variables or the command line. + +- Issue #8571: Fix an internal error when compressing or decompressing a chunk + larger than 1GB with the zlib module's compressor and decompressor objects. + +- Issue #8603: Support bytes environmental variables on Unix: Add os.environb + mapping and os.getenvb() function. os.unsetenv() encodes str argument to the + file system encoding with the surrogateescape error handler (instead of + utf8/strict) and accepts bytes. posix.environ keys and values are now bytes. + +- Issue #8573: asyncore _strerror() function might throw ValueError. + +- Issue #8483: asyncore.dispatcher's __getattr__ method produced confusing error + messages when accessing undefined class attributes because of the cheap + inheritance with the underlying socket object. The cheap inheritance has been + deprecated. + +- Issue #4265: shutil.copyfile() was leaking file descriptors when disk fills. + Patch by Tres Seaver. + +- Issue #8390: tarfile uses surrogateescape as the default error handler + (instead of replace in read mode or strict in write mode). + +- Issue #7755: Use an unencumbered audio file for tests. + +- Issue #8621: uuid.uuid4() returned the same sequence of values in the parent + and any children created using ``os.fork`` on MacOS X 10.6. + +- Issue #8567: Fix precedence of signals in Decimal module: when a Decimal + operation raises multiple signals and more than one of those signals is + trapped, the specification determines the order in which the signals should be + handled. In many cases this order wasn't being followed, leading to the wrong + Python exception being raised. + +- Issue #7865: The close() method of :mod:`io` objects should not swallow + exceptions raised by the implicit flush(). Also qensure that calling close() + several times is supported. Patch by Pascal Chambon. + +- Issue #4687: Fix accuracy of garbage collection runtimes displayed with + gc.DEBUG_STATS. + +- Issue #8354: The siginterrupt setting is now preserved for all signals, not + just SIGCHLD. + +- Issue #7192: webbrowser.get("firefox") now works on Mac OS X, as does + webbrowser.get("safari"). + +- Issue #8464: tarfile no longer creates files with execute permissions set when + mode="w|" is used. + +- Issue #7834: Fix connect() of Bluetooth L2CAP sockets with recent versions of + the Linux kernel. Patch by Yaniv Aknin. + +- Issue #8295: Added shutil.unpack_archive. + +- Issue #6312: Fixed http HEAD request when the transfer encoding is chunked. + It should correctly return an empty response now. + +- Issue #8546: Reject None given as the buffering argument to _pyio.open. + +- Issue #8549: Fix compiling the _ssl extension under AIX. Patch by + Sridhar Ratnakumar. + +- Issue #6656: fix locale.format_string to handle escaped percents + and mappings. + +- Issue #2302: Fix a race condition in SocketServer.BaseServer.shutdown, where + the method could block indefinitely if called just before the event loop + started running. This also fixes the occasional freezes witnessed in + test_httpservers. + +- Issue #8524: When creating an SSL socket, the timeout value of the original + socket wasn't retained (instead, a socket with a positive timeout would be + turned into a non-blocking SSL socket). + +- Issue #5103: SSL handshake would ignore the socket timeout and block + indefinitely if the other end didn't respond. + +- The do_handshake() method of SSL objects now adjusts the blocking mode of the + SSL structure if necessary (as other methods already do). + +- Issue #8391: os.execvpe() and os.getenv() supports unicode with surrogates and + bytes strings for environment keys and values. + +- Issue #8467: Pure Python implementation of subprocess encodes the error + message using surrogatepass error handler to support surrogates in the + message. + +- Issue #8468: bz2.BZ2File() accepts str with surrogates and bytes filenames. + +- Issue #8451: Syslog module now uses basename(sys.argv[0]) instead of the + string "python" as the *ident*. openlog() arguments are all optional and + keywords. + +- Issue #8108: Fix the unwrap() method of SSL objects when the socket has a + non-infinite timeout. Also make that method friendlier with applications + wanting to continue using the socket in clear-text mode, by disabling + OpenSSL's internal readahead. Thanks to Darryl Miles for guidance. + +- Issue #8496: make mailcap.lookup() always return a list, rather than an + iterator. Patch by Gregory Nofi. + +- Issue #8195: Fix a crash in sqlite Connection.create_collation() if the + collation name contains a surrogate character. + +- Issue #8484: Load all ciphers and digest algorithms when initializing the _ssl + extension, such that verification of some SSL certificates doesn't fail + because of an "unknown algorithm". + +- Issue #6547: Added the ignore_dangling_symlinks option to shutil.copytree. + +- Issue #1540112: Now allowing the choice of a copy function in shutil.copytree. + +- Issue #4814: timeout parameter is now applied also for connections resulting + from PORT/EPRT commands. + +- Issue #8463: added missing reference to bztar in shutil's documentation. + +- Issue #7154: urllib.request can now detect the proxy settings on OSX 10.6 (as + long as the user didn't specify 'automatic proxy configuration'). + +- Issue #3817: ftplib.FTP.abort() method now considers 225 a valid response code + as stated in RFC-959 at chapter 5.4. + +- Issue #8394: _ctypes.dlopen() accepts bytes, bytearray and str with surrogates. +- Issue #850728: Add a *timeout* parameter to the `acquire()` method of + `threading.Semaphore` objects. Original patch by Torsten Landschoff. + +- Issue #8322: Add a *ciphers* argument to SSL sockets, so as to change the + available cipher list. Helps fix test_ssl with OpenSSL 1.0.0. + +- Issue #8393: subprocess accepts bytes, bytearray and str with surrogates for + the current working directory. + +- Issue #7606: XML-RPC traceback stored in X-traceback is now encoded to ASCII + using backslashreplace error handler. + +- Issue #8412: os.system() now accepts bytes, bytearray and str with surrogates. + +- Issue #2987: RFC2732 support for urlparse (IPv6 addresses). Patch by Tony + Locke and Hans Ulrich Niedermann. + +- Issue #5277: Fix quote counting when parsing RFC 2231 encoded parameters. + +- Issue #7316: The acquire() method of lock objects in the :mod:`threading` + module now takes an optional timeout argument in seconds. Timeout support + relies on the system threading library, so as to avoid a semi-busy wait loop. + +- Issue #8383: pickle and pickletools use surrogatepass error handler when + encoding unicode as utf8 to support lone surrogates and stay compatible with + Python 2.x and 3.x. + +- Issue #7585: difflib context and unified diffs now place a tab between + filename and date, conforming to the 'standards' they were originally designed + to follow. This improves compatibility with patch tools. + +- Issue #7472: Fixed typo in email.encoders module; messages using ISO-2022 + character sets will now consistently use a Content-Transfer-Encoding of 7bit + rather than sometimes being marked as 8bit. + +- Issue #8375: test_distutils now checks if the temporary directory are still + present before it cleans them. + +- Issue #8374: Update the internal alias table in the :mod:`locale` module to + cover recent locale changes and additions. + +- Issue #8321: Give access to OpenSSL version numbers from the `ssl` module, + using the new attributes `ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION`, `ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` and + `ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER`. + +- Add functools.total_ordering() and functools.cmp_to_key(). + +- Issue #8257: The Decimal construct now accepts a float instance directly, + converting that float to a Decimal of equal value: + + >>> Decimal(1.1) + Decimal('1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625') + +- Issue #8294: The Fraction constructor now accepts Decimal and float instances + directly. + +- Issue #7279: Comparisons involving a Decimal signaling NaN now signal + InvalidOperation instead of returning False. (Comparisons involving a quiet + NaN are unchanged.) Also, Decimal quiet NaNs are now hashable; Decimal + signaling NaNs remain unhashable. + +- Issue #2531: Comparison operations between floats and Decimal instances now + return a result based on the numeric values of the operands; previously they + returned an arbitrary result based on the relative ordering of id(float) and + id(Decimal). See also issue #8188, which adds Decimal-to-Fraction + comparisons. + +- Added a subtract() method to collections.Counter(). + +- Issue #8233: When run as a script, py_compile.py optionally takes a single + argument `-` which tells it to read files to compile from stdin. Each line is + read on demand and the named file is compiled immediately. (Original patch by + Piotr Ożarowski). + +- Backwards incompatible change: Unicode codepoints line tabulation (0x0B) and + form feed (0x0C) are now considered linebreaks, as specified in Unicode + Standard Annex #14. See issue #7643. http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/ + +- Comparisons using one of <, <=, >, >= between a complex instance and a + Fractions instance now raise TypeError instead of returning True/False. This + makes Fraction <=> complex comparisons consistent with int <=> complex, float + <=> complex, and complex <=> complex comparisons. + +- Issue #8139: ossaudiodev didn't initialize its types properly, therefore some + methods (such as oss_mixer_device.fileno()) were not available. Initial patch + by Bertrand Janin. + +- Issue #8205: Remove the "Modules" directory from sys.path when Python is + running from the build directory (POSIX only). + +- Issue #7512: shutil.copystat() could raise an OSError when the filesystem + didn't support chflags() (for example ZFS under FreeBSD). The error is now + silenced. + +- Issue #7860: platform.uname now reports the correct 'machine' type when Python + is running in WOW64 mode on 64 bit Windows. + +- Issue #3890, #8222: Fix recv() and recv_into() on non-blocking SSL sockets. + Also, enable the SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY flag on SSL sockets, so that blocking + reads and writes are always retried by OpenSSL itself. + - Issue #4282: Fix the main function of the profile module for a non-ASCII script, open the file in binary mode and not in text mode with the default (utf8) encoding. +- Issue #8179: Fix macpath.realpath() on a non-existing path. + +- Issue #8024: Update the Unicode database to 5.2. + +- Issue #8168: py_compile now handles files with utf-8 BOMS. + +- ``tokenize.detect_encoding`` now returns ``'utf-8-sig'`` when a UTF-8 BOM is + detected. + +- Issue #6716/2: Backslash-replace error output in compilall. + +- Issue #4961: Inconsistent/wrong result of askyesno function in tkMessageBox + with Tcl/Tk-8.5. + +- Issue #8140: extend compileall to compile single files. Add -i option. + +- Issue #7356: ctypes.util: Make parsing of ldconfig output independent of the + locale. + +- The internals of the subprocess module on POSIX systems have been replaced by + an extension module (_posixsubprocess) so that the fork()+exec() can be done + safely without the possibility of deadlock in multithreaded applications. + +- subprocess.Popen now has restore_signals and start_new_session features. The + default of restore_signals=True is a new behavior compared to earlier Python + versions. This means that signals such as SIGPIPE are not ignored by default + in subprocesses launched by Python (Issue #1652). + +- Issue #6472: The xml.etree package is updated to ElementTree 1.3. The + cElementTree module is updated too. + - Issue #7774: Set sys.executable to an empty string if argv[0] has been set to - an non existent program name and Python is unable to retrieve the real - program name + an non existent program name and Python is unable to retrieve the real program + name. + +- Issue #7880: Fix sysconfig when the python executable is a symbolic link. -- Issue #6509: fix re.sub to work properly when the pattern, the string, and - the replacement were all bytes. Patch by Antoine Pitrou. +- Issue #6509: fix re.sub to work properly when the pattern, the string, and the + replacement were all bytes. Patch by Antoine Pitrou. -- Issue #1054943: Fix unicodedata.normalize('NFC', text) for the Public Review - Issue #29 +- The sqlite3 module was updated to pysqlite 2.6.0. This fixes several obscure + bugs and allows loading SQLite extensions from shared libraries. + +- Issue #1054943: Fix ``unicodedata.normalize('NFC', text)`` for the Public + Review Issue #29 (http://unicode.org/review/pr-29.html). - Issue #7494: fix a crash in _lsprof (cProfile) after clearing the profiler, reset also the pointer to the current pointer context. +- Issue #7232: Add support for the context manager protocol to the TarFile + class. + - Issue #7250: Fix info leak of os.environ across multi-run uses of wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler. @@ -1285,59 +3250,101 @@ Library - Issue #691291: codecs.open() should not convert end of lines on reading and writing. -- Issue #7959: ctypes callback functions are now registered correctly - with the cycle garbage collector. +- Issue #7869: logging: improved diagnostic for format-time errors. + +- Issue #7868: logging: added loggerClass attribute to Manager. + +- logging: Implemented PEP 391. + +- Issue #1537721: Add a writeheader() method to csv.DictWriter. -- Issue #6666: fix bug in trace.py that applied the list of directories - to be ignored only to the first file. Noted by Bogdan Opanchuk. +- Issue #7959: ctypes callback functions are now registered correctly with the + cycle garbage collector. -- Issue #7597: curses.use_env() can now be called before initscr(). - Noted by Kan-Ru Chen. +- Issue #5801: removed spurious empty lines in wsgiref. + +- Issue #6666: fix bug in trace.py that applied the list of directories to be + ignored only to the first file. Noted by Bogdan Opanchuk. + +- Issue #7597: curses.use_env() can now be called before initscr(). Noted by + Kan-Ru Chen. - Issue #7310: fix the __repr__ of os.environ to show the environment variables. - Issue #7970: email.Generator.flatten now correctly flattens message/rfc822 messages parsed by email.Parser.HeaderParser. -- Issue #7361: Importlib was not handling bytecode files less than 8 bytes in - length properly. +- Issue #7361: Importlib was not properly checking the number of bytes in + bytecode file when it was less then 8 bytes. + +- Issue #7633: In the decimal module, Context class methods (with the exception + of canonical and is_canonical) now accept instances of int and long wherever a + Decimal instance is accepted, and implicitly convert that argument to Decimal. + Previously only some arguments were converted. - Issue #7835: shelve should no longer produce mysterious warnings during interpreter shutdown. -- Issue #6233: ElementTree failed converting unicode characters to XML - entities when they could't be represented in the requested output - encoding. Patch by Jerry Chen. +- Issue #2746: Don't escape ampersands and angle brackets ("&", "<", ">") in XML + processing instructions and comments. These raw characters are allowed by the + XML specification, and are necessary when outputting e.g. PHP code in a + processing instruction. Patch by Neil Muller. + +- Issue #6233: ElementTree failed converting unicode characters to XML entities + when they could't be represented in the requested output encoding. Patch by + Jerry Chen. + +- Issue #6003: add an argument to ``zipfile.Zipfile.writestr`` to specify the + compression type. - Issue #4772: Raise a ValueError when an unknown Bluetooth protocol is specified, rather than fall through to AF_PACKET (in the `socket` module). - Also, raise ValueError rather than TypeError when an unknown TIPC address - type is specified. Patch by Brian Curtin. + Also, raise ValueError rather than TypeError when an unknown TIPC address type + is specified. Patch by Brian Curtin. -- Issue #6939: Fix file I/O objects in the `io` module to keep the original - file position when calling `truncate()`. It would previously change the - file position to the given argument, which goes against the tradition of +- Issue #6939: Fix file I/O objects in the `io` module to keep the original file + position when calling `truncate()`. It would previously change the file + position to the given argument, which goes against the tradition of ftruncate() and other truncation APIs. Patch by Pascal Chambon. +- Issue #7610: Reworked implementation of the internal + :class:`zipfile.ZipExtFile` class used to represent files stored inside an + archive. The new implementation is significantly faster and can be wrapped in + a :class:`io.BufferedReader` object for more speedups. It also solves an + issue where interleaved calls to `read()` and `readline()` give wrong results. + Patch by Nir Aides. + +- Issue #6963: Added "maxtasksperchild" argument to multiprocessing.Pool, + allowing for a maximum number of tasks within the pool to be completed by the + worker before that worker is terminated, and a new one created to replace it. + - Issue #7792: Registering non-classes to ABCs raised an obscure error. - Issue #7785: Don't accept bytes in FileIO.write(). +- Removed the functions 'verify' and 'vereq' from Lib/test/support.py. + - Issue #7773: Fix an UnboundLocalError in platform.linux_distribution() when the release file is empty. - Issue #7561: Fix crashes when using bytearray objects with the posix module. -- Issue #1670765: Prevent email.generator.Generator from re-wrapping - headers in multipart/signed MIME parts, which fixes one of the sources of - invalid modifications to such parts by Generator. +- Issue #1670765: Prevent email.generator.Generator from re-wrapping headers in + multipart/signed MIME parts, which fixes one of the sources of invalid + modifications to such parts by Generator. + +- Issue #7703: Add support for the new buffer API to `binascii.a2bhqx`. Patch + by Florent Xicluna, along with some additional tests. -- Issue #7701: Fix crash in binascii.b2a_uu() in debug mode when given a - 1-byte argument. Patch by Victor Stinner. +- Issue #7701: Fix crash in binascii.b2a_uu() in debug mode when given a 1-byte + argument. Patch by Victor Stinner. -- Issue #3299: Fix possible crash in the _sre module when given bad - argument values in debug mode. Patch by Victor Stinner. +- Issue #3299: Fix possible crash in the _sre module when given bad argument + values in debug mode. Patch by Victor Stinner. + +- Issue #2846: Add support for gzip.GzipFile reading zero-padded files. Patch + by Brian Curtin. - Issue #7681: Use floor division in appropiate places in the wave module. @@ -1345,84 +3352,153 @@ Library Extension extra options may change the output without changing the .c file). Initial patch by Collin Winter. -- Issue #7617: Make sure distutils.unixccompiler.UnixCCompiler recognizes - gcc when it has a fully qualified configuration prefix. Initial patch - by Arfrever. +- Issue #7617: Make sure distutils.unixccompiler.UnixCCompiler recognizes gcc + when it has a fully qualified configuration prefix. Initial patch by Arfrever. -- Issue #7105: Make WeakKeyDictionary and WeakValueDictionary robust against - the destruction of weakref'ed objects while iterating. +- Issue #7105: Make WeakKeyDictionary and WeakValueDictionary robust against the + destruction of weakref'ed objects while iterating. -- Issue #7455: Fix possible crash in cPickle on invalid input. Patch by - Victor Stinner. +- Issue #7455: Fix possible crash in cPickle on invalid input. Patch by Victor + Stinner. -- Issue #6511: ZipFile now raises BadZipfile (instead of an IOError) when - opening an empty or very small file. +- Issue #1628205: Socket file objects returned by socket.socket.makefile() now + properly handles EINTR within the read, readline, write & flush methods. The + socket.sendall() method now properly handles interrupted system calls. -- Issue #7556: Make sure Distutils' msvc9compile reads and writes the - MSVC XML Manifest file in text mode so string patterns can be used - in regular expressions. +- Issue #7471: Improve the performance of GzipFile's buffering mechanism, and + make it implement the `io.BufferedIOBase` ABC to allow for further speedups by + wrapping it in an `io.BufferedReader`. Patch by Nir Aides. -- Issue #7552: Removed line feed in the base64 Authorization header in - the Distutils upload command to avoid an error when PyPI reads it. - This occurs on long passwords. Initial patch by JP St. Pierre. +- Issue #3972: http.client.HTTPConnection now accepts an optional source_address + parameter to allow specifying where your connections come from. + +- socket.create_connection now accepts an optional source_address parameter. + +- Issue #5511: now zipfile.ZipFile can be used as a context manager. Initial + patch by Brian Curtin. + +- Issue #7556: Make sure Distutils' msvc9compile reads and writes the MSVC XML + Manifest file in text mode so string patterns can be used in regular + expressions. + +- Issue #7552: Removed line feed in the base64 Authorization header in the + Distutils upload command to avoid an error when PyPI reads it. This occurs on + long passwords. Initial patch by JP St. Pierre. - Issue #7231: urllib2 cannot handle https with proxy requiring auth. Patch by Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa. -- Issue #4757: `zlib.compress` and other methods in the zlib module now - raise a TypeError when given an `str` object (rather than a `bytes`-like - object). Patch by Victor Stinner and Florent Xicluna. +- Issue #4757: `zlib.compress` and other methods in the zlib module now raise a + TypeError when given an `str` object (rather than a `bytes`-like object). + Patch by Victor Stinner and Florent Xicluna. - Issue #7349: Make methods of file objects in the io module accept None as an argument where file-like objects (ie StringIO and BytesIO) accept them to mean the same as passing no argument. -- Issue #5949: added check for correct lineends in input from IMAP server - in imaplib. +- Issue #7357: tarfile no longer suppresses fatal extraction errors by default. + +- Issue #5949: added check for correct lineends in input from IMAP server in + imaplib. + +- Add count() and reverse() methods to collections.deque(). - Fix variations of extending deques: d.extend(d) d.extendleft(d) d+=d -- Issue #6986: Fix crash in the JSON C accelerator when called with the - wrong parameter types. Patch by Victor Stinner. +- Issue #6986: Fix crash in the JSON C accelerator when called with the wrong + parameter types. Patch by Victor Stinner. -- Issue #1923: Fixed the removal of meaningful spaces when PKG-INFO is - generated in Distutils. Patch by Stephen Emslie. +- Issue #7457: added a read_pkg_file method to + distutils.dist.DistributionMetadata. + +- logging: Added optional `secure` parameter to SMTPHandler, to enable use of + TLS with authentication credentials. + +- Issue #1923: Fixed the removal of meaningful spaces when PKG-INFO is generated + in Distutils. Patch by Stephen Emslie. - Issue #4120: Drop reference to CRT from manifest when building extensions with msvc9compiler. -- Issue #7410: deepcopy of itertools.count was resetting the count. +- Issue #7333: The `posix` module gains an `initgroups()` function providing + access to the initgroups(3) C library call on Unix systems which implement it. + Patch by Jean-Paul Calderone. + +- Issue #7408: Fixed distutils.tests.sdist so it doesn't check for group + ownership when the group is not forced, because the group may be different + from the user's group and inherit from its container when the test is run. - Issue #4486: When an exception has an explicit cause, do not print its - implicit context too. This affects the `traceback` module as well as - built-in exception printing. + implicit context too. This affects the `traceback` module as well as built-in + exception printing. + +- Issue #1515: Enable use of deepcopy() with instance methods. Patch by Robert + Collins. + +- Issue #7403: logging: Fixed possible race condition in lock creation. + +- Issue #6845: Add restart support for binary upload in ftplib. The + `storbinary()` method of FTP and FTP_TLS objects gains an optional `rest` + argument. Patch by Pablo Mouzo. -- Issue #1488943: difflib.Differ() doesn't always add hints for tab characters +- Issue #5788: `datetime.timedelta` objects get a new `total_seconds()` method + returning the total number of seconds in the duration. Patch by Brian + Quinlan. -- Issue #7354: distutils.tests.test_msvc9compiler - dragfullwindows can - be 2. +- Issue #7133: SSL objects now support the new buffer API. -- Issue #3976: pprint for sets, frozensets, and dicts now succeed when - they contain unorderable types. +- Issue #1488943: difflib.Differ() doesn't always add hints for tab characters. + +- Issue #6123: tarfile now opens empty archives correctly and consistently + raises ReadError on empty files. + +- Issue #7354: distutils.tests.test_msvc9compiler - dragfullwindows can be 2. - Issue #5037: Proxy the __bytes__ special method instead to __bytes__ instead of __str__. -- Issue #7341: Close the internal file object in the TarFile constructor in - case of an error. +- Issue #7341: Close the internal file object in the TarFile constructor in case + of an error. - Issue #7293: distutils.test_msvc9compiler is fixed to work on any fresh Windows box. Help provided by David Bolen. -- Issue #7328: pydoc no longer corrupts sys.path when run with the '-m' switch +- Issue #2054: ftplib now provides an FTP_TLS class to do secure FTP using TLS + or SSL. Patch by Giampaolo Rodola'. + +- Issue #7328: pydoc no longer corrupts sys.path when run with the '-m' switch. + +- Issue #4969: The mimetypes module now reads the MIME database from the + registry under Windows. Patch by Gabriel Genellina. + +- Issue #6816: runpy now provides a run_path function that allows Python code to + execute file paths that refer to source or compiled Python files as well as + zipfiles, directories and other valid sys.path entries that contain a + __main__.py file. This allows applications that run other Python scripts to + support the same flexibility as the CPython command line itself. + +- Issue #7318: multiprocessing now uses a timeout when it fails to establish a + connection with another process, rather than looping endlessly. The default + timeout is 20 seconds, which should be amply sufficient for local connections. -- Issue #7318: multiprocessing now uses a timeout when it fails to establish - a connection with another process, rather than looping endlessly. The - default timeout is 20 seconds, which should be amply sufficient for - local connections. +- Issue #7197: Allow unittest.TextTestRunner objects to be pickled and + unpickled. This fixes crashes under Windows when trying to run + test_multiprocessing in verbose mode. -- Issue #7282: Fix a memory leak when an RLock was used in a thread other - than those started through `threading.Thread` (for example, using +- Issue #7893: ``unittest.TextTestResult`` is made public and a ``resultclass`` + argument added to the TextTestRunner constructor allowing a different result + class to be used without having to subclass. + +- Issue #7588: ``unittest.TextTestResult.getDescription`` now includes the test + name in failure reports even if the test has a docstring. + +- Issue #3001: Add a C implementation of recursive locks which is used by + default when instantiating a `threading.RLock` object. This makes recursive + locks as fast as regular non-recursive locks (previously, they were slower by + 10x to 15x). + +- Issue #7282: Fix a memory leak when an RLock was used in a thread other than + those started through `threading.Thread` (for example, using `_thread.start_new_thread()`). - Issue #7187: Importlib would not silence the IOError raised when trying to @@ -1431,28 +3507,36 @@ Library - Issue #7264: Fix a possible deadlock when deallocating thread-local objects which are part of a reference cycle. -- Issue #6896: mailbox.Maildir now invalidates its internal cache each time - a modification is done through it. This fixes inconsistencies and test - failures on systems with slightly bogus mtime behaviour. +- Issue #7211: Allow 64-bit values for the `ident` and `data` fields of kevent + objects on 64-bit systems. Patch by Michael Broghton. -- Issue #6665: Fix fnmatch to properly match filenames with newlines in them. +- Issue #6896: mailbox.Maildir now invalidates its internal cache each time a + modification is done through it. This fixes inconsistencies and test failures + on systems with slightly bogus mtime behaviour. + +- Issue #7246 & Issue #7208: getpass now properly flushes input before reading + from stdin so that existing input does not confuse it and lead to incorrect + entry or an IOError. It also properly flushes it afterwards to avoid the + terminal echoing the input afterwards on OSes such as Solaris. + +- Issue #7233: Fix a number of two-argument Decimal methods to make sure that + they accept an int or long as the second argument. Also fix buggy handling of + large arguments (those with coefficient longer than the current precision) in + shift and rotate. -- Issue #7246 & Issue #7208: getpass now properly flushes input before - reading from stdin so that existing input does not confuse it and - lead to incorrect entry or an IOError. It also properly flushes it - afterwards to avoid the terminal echoing the input afterwards on - OSes such as Solaris. +- Issue #4750: Store the basename of the original filename in the gzip FNAME + header as required by RFC 1952. -- Issue #7233: Fix a number of two-argument Decimal methods to make - sure that they accept an int or long as the second argument. Also - fix buggy handling of large arguments (those with coefficient longer - than the current precision) in shift and rotate. +- Issue #1180: Added a new global option to ignore ~/.pydistutils.cfg in + Distutils. + +- Issue #7218: Fix test_site for win32, the directory comparison was done with + an uppercase. - Issue #7205: Fix a possible deadlock when using a BZ2File object from several threads at once. -- Issue #7071: byte-compilation in Distutils is now done with respect to - sys.dont_write_bytecode. +- Issue #7077: logging: SysLogHandler now treats Unicode as per RFC 5424. - Issue #7099: Decimal.is_normal now returns True for numbers with exponent larger than emax. @@ -1460,69 +3544,159 @@ Library - Issue #7080: locale.strxfrm() raises a MemoryError on 64-bit non-Windows platforms, and assorted locale fixes by Derk Drukker. -- Issue #5833: Fix extra space character in readline completion with the - GNU readline library version 6.0. +- Issue #5833: Fix extra space character in readline completion with the GNU + readline library version 6.0. + +- Issue #6894: Fixed the issue urllib2 doesn't respect "no_proxy" environment. -- Issue #6894: Fixed the issue urllib2 doesn't respect "no_proxy" environment +- Issue #7086: Added TCP support to SysLogHandler, and tidied up some + anachronisms in the code which were a relic of 1.5.2 compatibility. -- Issue #7082: When falling back to the MIME 'name' parameter, the - correct place to look for it is the Content-Type header. +- Issue #7082: When falling back to the MIME 'name' parameter, the correct place + to look for it is the Content-Type header. - Make tokenize.detect_coding() normalize utf-8 and iso-8859-1 variants like the builtin tokenizer. -- Issue #7048: Force Decimal.logb to round its result when that result - is too large to fit in the current precision. +- Issue #7048: Force Decimal.logb to round its result when that result is too + large to fit in the current precision. -- Issue #6236, #6348: Fix various failures in the I/O library under AIX - and other platforms, when using a non-gcc compiler. Patch by Derk Drukker. +- Issue #6236, #6348: Fix various failures in the I/O library under AIX and + other platforms, when using a non-gcc compiler. Patch by Derk Drukker. -- Issue #6954: Fixed crash when using DISTUTILS_DEBUG flag in Distutils. - -- Issue #4606: Passing 'None' if ctypes argtype is set to POINTER(...) - does now always result in NULL. +- Issue #4606: Passing 'None' if ctypes argtype is set to POINTER(...) does now + always result in NULL. -- Issue #5042: Structure sub-subclass does now initialize correctly - with base class positional arguments. +- Issue #5042: Structure sub-subclass does now initialize correctly with base + class positional arguments. - Issue #6882: Import uuid creates zombies processes. - Issue #6635: Fix profiler printing usage message. +- Issue #6856: Add a filter keyword argument to TarFile.add(). + - Issue #6888: pdb's alias command was broken when no arguments were given. -- Issue #6795: int(Decimal('nan')) now raises ValueError instead of - returning NaN or raising InvalidContext. Also, fix infinite recursion - in long(Decimal('nan')). +- Issue #6857: Default format() alignment should be '>' for Decimal instances. -- Issue #6850: Fix bug in Decimal._parse_format_specifier for formats - with no type specifier. +- Issue #6795: int(Decimal('nan')) now raises ValueError instead of returning + NaN or raising InvalidContext. Also, fix infinite recursion in + long(Decimal('nan')). + +- Issue #6850: Fix bug in Decimal._parse_format_specifier for formats with no + type specifier. - Issue #6239: ctypes.c_char_p return value must return bytes. -- Issue #6838: Use a list to accumulate the value instead of - repeatedly concatenating strings in http.client's - HTTPResponse._read_chunked providing a significant speed increase - when downloading large files servend with a Transfer-Encoding of 'chunked'. +- Issue #6838: Use a list to accumulate the value instead of repeatedly + concatenating strings in http.client's HTTPResponse._read_chunked providing a + significant speed increase when downloading large files servend with a + Transfer-Encoding of 'chunked'. -- Have importlib raise ImportError if None is found in sys.modules for a - module. +- Trying to import a submodule from a module that is not a package, ImportError + should be raised, not AttributeError. + +- When the globals past to importlib.__import__() has __package__ set to None, + fall back to computing what __package__ should be instead of giving up. + +- Raise a TypeError when the name of a module to be imported for + importlib.__import__ is not a string (was raising an AttributeError before). + +- Allow the fromlist passed into importlib.__import__ to be any iterable. + +- Have importlib raise ImportError if None is found in sys.modules. + +- Issue #6054: Do not normalize stored pathnames in tarfile. - Issue #6794: Fix Decimal.compare_total and Decimal.compare_total_mag: NaN payloads are now ordered by integer value rather than lexicographically. -- Issue #6163: Fixed HP-UX runtime library dir options in - distutils.unixcompiler. Initial patch by Sridhar Ratnakumar and - Michael Haubenwallner. +- Issue #1356969: Add missing info methods in tix.HList. -- Issue #7066: archive_util.make_archive now restores the cwd if an error is - raised. Initial patch by Ezio Melotti. +- Issue #1522587: New constants and methods for the tix.Grid widget. + +- Issue #1250469: Fix the return value of tix.PanedWindow.panes. + +- Issue #1119673: Do not override tkinter.Text methods when creating a + ScrolledText. + +- Issue #6665: Fix fnmatch to properly match filenames with newlines in them. + +- Issue #1135: Add the XView and YView mix-ins to avoid duplicating the xview* + and yview* methods. + +- Issue #6629: Fix a data corruption issue in the new I/O library, which could + occur when writing to a BufferedRandom object (e.g. a file opened in "rb+" or + "wb+" mode) after having buffered a certain amount of data for reading. This + bug was not present in the pure Python implementation. + +- Issue #6622: Fix "local variable 'secret' referenced before assignment" bug in + POP3.apop. + +- Issue #2715: Remove remnants of Carbon.File from binhex module. + +- Issue #6595: The Decimal constructor now allows arbitrary Unicode decimal + digits in input, as recommended by the standard. Previously it was restricted + to accepting [0-9]. + +- Issue #6106: telnetlib.Telnet.process_rawq doesn't handle default WILL/WONT + DO/DONT correctly. + +- Issue #1424152: Fix for http.client, urllib.request to support SSL while + working through proxy. Original patch by Christopher Li, changes made by + Senthil Kumaran. + +- Add importlib.abc.ExecutionLoader to represent the PEP 302 protocol for + loaders that allow for modules to be executed. Both importlib.abc.PyLoader and + PyPycLoader inherit from this class and provide implementations in relation to + other methods required by the ABCs. + +- importlib.abc.PyLoader did not inherit from importlib.abc.ResourceLoader like + the documentation said it did even though the code in PyLoader relied on the + abstract method required by ResourceLoader. + +- Issue #6431: Make Fraction type return NotImplemented when it doesn't know how + to handle a comparison without loss of precision. Also add correct handling + of infinities and nans for comparisons with float. + +- Issue #6415: Fixed warnings.warn segfault on bad formatted string. + +- Issue #6358: The exit status of a command started with os.popen() was reported + differently than it did with python 2.x. + +- Issue #6323: The pdb debugger did not exit when running a script with a syntax + error. + +- Issue #3392: The subprocess communicate() method no longer fails in select() + when file descriptors are large; communicate() now uses poll() when possible. + +- Issue #6369: Fix an RLE decompression bug in the binhex module. + +- Issue #6344: Fixed a crash of mmap.read() when passed a negative argument. + +- The deprecated function string.maketrans has been removed. + +- Issue #4005: Fixed a crash of pydoc when there was a zip file present in + sys.path. + +- Issue #6218: io.StringIO and io.BytesIO instances are now picklable. + +- The os.get_exec_path() function to return the list of directories that will be + searched for an executable when launching a subprocess was added. - Issue #7481: When a threading.Thread failed to start it would leave the instance stuck in initial state and present in threading.enumerate(). -- Issue #1068268: The subprocess module now handles EINTR in internal - os.waitpid and os.read system calls where appropriate. +- Issue #1068268: The subprocess module now handles EINTR in internal os.waitpid + and os.read system calls where appropriate. + +- Issue #6729: Added ctypes.c_ssize_t to represent ssize_t. + +- Issue #6247: The argparse module has been added to the standard library. + +- Issue #8235: _socket: Add the constant ``SO_SETFIB``. SO_SETFIB is a socket + option available on FreeBSD 7.1 and newer. - Issue #9315: Fix for the trace module to record correct class name for tracing methods. @@ -1530,127 +3704,254 @@ Library Extension Modules ----------------- -- Issue #9277: Fix bug in struct.pack for bools in standard mode - (e.g., struct.pack('>?')): if conversion to bool raised an exception - then that exception wasn't properly propagated on machines where - char is unsigned. +- Issue #9959: Tweak formula used for computing math.log of an integer, + making it marginally more accurate for exact powers of 2. + +- Issue #9422: Fix memory leak when re-initializing a struct.Struct object. + +- Issue #7900: The getgroups(2) system call on MacOSX behaves rather oddly + compared to other unix systems. In particular, os.getgroups() does not reflect + any changes made using os.setgroups() but basicly always returns the same + information as the id command. os.getgroups() can now return more than 16 + groups on MacOSX. + +- Issue #6095: Make directory argument to os.listdir optional. + +- Issue #9277: Fix bug in struct.pack for bools in standard mode (e.g., + struct.pack('>?')): if conversion to bool raised an exception then that + exception wasn't properly propagated on machines where char is unsigned. + +- Issue #5180: Fixed a bug that prevented loading 2.x pickles in 3.x python when + they contain instances of old-style classes. + +- Issue #9165: Add new functions math.isfinite and cmath.isfinite, to accompany + existing isinf and isnan functions. + +- Issue #1578269: Implement os.symlink for Windows 6.0+. Patch by Jason + R. Coombs. + +- In struct.pack, correctly propogate exceptions from computing the truth of an + object in the '?' format. + +- Issue #9000: datetime.timezone objects now have eval-friendly repr. + +- In the math module, correctly lookup __trunc__, __ceil__, and __floor__ as + special methods. -- Issue #5180: Fixed a bug that prevented loading 2.x pickles in 3.x - python when they contain instances of old-style classes. +- Issue #9005: Prevent utctimetuple() from producing year 0 or year 10,000. + Prior to this change, timezone adjustment in utctimetuple() could produce + tm_year value of 0 or 10,000. Now an OverflowError is raised in these edge + cases. -- Issue #7670: sqlite3: Fixed crashes when operating on closed connections. +- Issue #6641: The ``datetime.strptime`` method now supports the ``%z`` + directive. When the ``%z`` directive is present in the format string, an + aware ``datetime`` object is returned with ``tzinfo`` bound to a + ``datetime.timezone`` instance constructed from the parsed offset. If both + ``%z`` and ``%Z`` are present, the data in ``%Z`` field is used for timezone + name, but ``%Z`` data without ``%z`` is discarded. + +- Issue #5094: The ``datetime`` module now has a simple concrete class + implementing ``datetime.tzinfo`` interface. Instances of the new class, + ``datetime.timezone``, return fixed name and UTC offset from their + ``tzname(dt)`` and ``utcoffset(dt)`` methods. The ``dst(dt)`` method always + returns ``None``. A class attribute, ``utc`` contains an instance + representing the UTC timezone. Original patch by Rafe Kaplan. + +- Issue #8973: Add __all__ to struct module; this ensures that help(struct) + includes documentation for the struct.Struct class. + +- Issue #3129: Trailing digits in struct format string are no longer ignored. + For example, "1" or "ilib123" are now invalid formats and cause + ``struct.error`` to be raised. Patch by Caleb Deveraux. + +- Issue #7384: If the system readline library is linked against ncurses, the + curses module must be linked against ncurses as well. Otherwise it is not safe + to load both the readline and curses modules in an application. + +- Issue #2810: Fix cases where the Windows registry API returns ERROR_MORE_DATA, + requiring a re-try in order to get the complete result. + +- Issue #8692: Optimize math.factorial: replace the previous naive algorithm + with an improved 'binary-split' algorithm that uses fewer multiplications and + allows many of the multiplications to be performed using plain C integer + arithmetic instead of PyLong arithmetic. Also uses a lookup table for small + arguments. + +- Issue #8674: Fixed a number of incorrect or undefined-behaviour-inducing + overflow checks in the audioop module. + +- Issue #8644: The accuracy of td.total_seconds() has been improved (by + calculating with integer arithmetic instead of float arithmetic internally): + the result is now always correctly rounded, and is equivalent to ``td / + timedelta(seconds=1)``. + +- Issue #2706: Allow division of a timedelta by another timedelta: timedelta / + timedelta, timedelta % timedelta, timedelta // timedelta and divmod(timedelta, + timedelta) are all supported. + +- Issue #8314: Fix unsigned long long bug in libffi on Sparc v8. + +- Issue #8300: When passing a non-integer argument to struct.pack with any + integer format code, struct.pack first attempts to convert the non-integer + using its __index__ method. If that method is non-existent or raises + TypeError it goes on to try the __int__ method, as described below. + +- Issue #8142: Update libffi to the 3.0.9 release. + +- Issue #6949: Allow the _dbm extension to be built with db 4.8.x. + +- Issue #6544: Fix a reference leak in the kqueue implementation's error + handling. - Stop providing crtassem.h symbols when compiling with Visual Studio 2010, as msvcr100.dll is not a platform assembly anymore. +- Issue #6508: Add posix.{getresuid,getresgid,setresuid,setresgid}. + - Issue #7078: Set struct.__doc__ from _struct.__doc__. +- Issue #3366: Add erf, erfc, expm1, gamma, lgamma functions to math module. + +- Issue #6877: It is now possible to link the readline extension to the libedit + readline emulation on OSX 10.5 or later. + - Issue #6848: Fix curses module build failure on OS X 10.6. +- Fix a segfault that could be triggered by expat with specially formed input. + +- Issue #6561: '\d' in a regex now matches only characters with Unicode category + 'Nd' (Number, Decimal Digit). Previously it also matched characters with + category 'No'. + +- Issue #4509: Array objects are no longer modified after an operation failing + due to the resize restriction in-place when the object has exported buffers. + +- Issue #2389: Array objects are now pickled in a portable manner. + - Expat: Fix DoS via XML document with malformed UTF-8 sequences (CVE_2009_3560). +- Issue #7242: On Solaris 9 and earlier calling os.fork() from within a thread + could raise an incorrect RuntimeError about not holding the import lock. The + import lock is now reinitialized after fork. + - Issue #7999: os.setreuid() and os.setregid() would refuse to accept a -1 parameter on some platforms such as OS X. -Tests ------ +- Build the ossaudio extension on GNU/kFreeBSD. -- Issue #7924: Fix an intermittent 'XXX undetected error' failure in - test_capi (only seen so far on platforms where the curses module - wasn't built), due to an uncleared exception. +- Issue #7347: winreg: Add CreateKeyEx and DeleteKeyEx, as well as fix a bug in + the return value of QueryReflectionKey. -- issue #7728: test_timeout was changed to use test.support.bind_port - instead of a hard coded port. +- Issue #7567: PyCurses_setupterm: Don't call ``setupterm`` twice. -- Issue #7376: instead of running a self-test (which was failing) when called - with no arguments, doctest.py now gives a usage message. +Build +----- -- Issue #7498: test_multiprocessing now uses test.support.find_unused_port - instead of a hardcoded port number in test_rapid_restart. +- Use OpenSSL 1.0.0a on Windows. -- Issue #7431: use TESTFN in test_linecache instead of trying to create a - file in the Lib/test directory, which might be read-only for the - user running the tests. +- Issue #9280: Make sharedinstall depend on sharedmods. -- Issue #7324: add a sanity check to regrtest argument parsing to - catch the case of an option with no handler. +- Issue #9189: Make a user-specified CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, or LDFLAGS setting + override the configure and makefile defaults, without deleting options the + user didn't intend to override. Developers should no longer need to specify + OPT or EXTRA_CFLAGS, although those variables are still present for + backward-compatibility. -- Issue #6551: test_zipimport could import and then destroy some modules of - the encodings package, which would make other tests fail further down - the road because the internally cached encoders and decoders would point - to empty global variables. +- Issue #8854: Fix finding Visual Studio 2008 on Windows x64. -- Issue #7295: Do not use a hardcoded file name in test_tarfile. +- Issue #1759169, #8864: Drop _XOPEN_SOURCE on Solaris, define it for + multiprocessing only. -- Issue #7270: Add some dedicated unit tests for multi-thread synchronization - primitives such as Lock, RLock, Condition, Event and Semaphore. +- Issue #8625: Turn off optimization in --with-pydebug builds with gcc. + (Optimization was unintentionally turned on in gcc --with-pydebug builds as a + result of the issue #1628484 fix, combined with autoconf's strange choice of + default CFLAGS produced by AC_PROG_CC for gcc.) -- Issue #7248 (part 2): Use a unique temporary directory for importlib source - tests instead of tempfile.tempdir. This prevents the tests from sharing state - between concurrent executions on the same system. +- Issue #3646: It is now easily possible to install a Python framework into your + home directory on MacOSX, see Mac/README for more information. -- Issue #7248: In importlib.test.source.util a try/finally block did not make - sure that some referenced objects actually were created in the block before - calling methods on the object. +- Issue #3928: os.mknod() now available in Solaris, also. -- Issue #7055: test___all__ now greedily detects all modules which have an - __all__ attribute, rather than using a hardcoded and incomplete list. +- Issue #3326: Build Python without -fno-strict-aliasing when the gcc does not + give false warnings. -- Issue #7058: Added save/restore for argv and os.environ to runtest_inner - in regrtest, with warnings if the called test modifies them. +- Issue #1628484: The Makefile doesn't ignore the CFLAGS environment variable + anymore. It also forwards the LDFLAGS settings to the linker when building a + shared library. -- Issue #7042: Fix test_signal (test_itimer_virtual) failure on OS X 10.6. +- Issue #6716: Quote -x arguments of compileall in MSI installer. Exclude 2to3 + tests from compileall. -C-API ------ +- Issue #3920, #7903: Define _BSD_SOURCE on OpenBSD 4.4 through 4.9. -- Make PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString return not equal if the Python string - has '\0' at the end. +- Issue #7632: When Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER is defined, disable the private + memory allocation scheme in dtoa.c and use PyMem_Malloc and PyMem_Free + instead. Also disable caching of powers of 5. -- Issue #7414: 'C' code wasn't being skipped properly (for keyword arguments) - in PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords. +- Issue #6491: Allow --with-dbmliborder to specify that no dbms will be built. -Build ------ +- Issue #6943: Use pkg-config to find the libffi headers when the + --with-system-ffi flag is used. -- Issue #9280: Make sharedinstall depend on sharedmods. +- Issue #7609: Add a --with-system-expat option that causes the system's expat + library to be used for the pyexpat module instead of the one included with + Python. -- Issue #8854: Fix finding Visual Studio 2008 on Windows x64. +- Issue #7589: Only build the nis module when the correct header files are + found. -- Issue #3920, #7903: Define _BSD_SOURCE on OpenBSD 4.4 through 4.9. +- Switch to OpenSSL 0.9.8l and sqlite 3.6.21 on Windows. -- Issue #7632: When Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER is defined, disable the - private memory allocation scheme in dtoa.c and use PyMem_Malloc and - PyMem_Free instead. Also disable caching of powers of 5. +- Issue #5792: Extend the short float repr support to x86 systems using + icc or suncc. -- Switch to OpenSSL 0.9.8l on Windows. +- Issue #6603: Change READ_TIMESTAMP macro in ceval.c so that it compiles + correctly under gcc on x86-64. This fixes a reported problem with the + --with-tsc build on x86-64. -- Issue #6603: Change READ_TIMESTAMP macro in ceval.c so that it - compiles correctly under gcc on x86-64. This fixes a reported - problem with the --with-tsc build on x86-64. +- Issue #6802: Fix build issues on MacOSX 10.6. -- Issue #6802: Fix build issues on MacOSX 10.6 +- Issue #6244: Allow detect_tkinter to look for Tcl/Tk 8.6. + +- Issue #4601: 'make install' did not set the appropriate permissions on + directories. -- Issue #6801 : symmetric_difference_update also accepts |. - Thanks to Carl Chenet. +- Issue #5390: Add uninstall icon independent of whether file extensions are + installed. -- Issue #7541: when using ``python-config`` with a framework install the +- Issue #7541: When using ``python-config`` with a framework install the compiler might use the wrong library. -- Issue #6491: Allow --with-dbmliborder to specify that no dbms will be built. +- python-config now supports multiple options on the same command line. -- Issue #7589: Only build the nis module when the correct header files are - found. +- Issue #8509: Fix quoting in help strings and code snippets in configure.in. + +- Issue #8510: Update to autoconf2.65. Documentation ------------- -- Updating `Using Python` documentation to include description of CPython's - -J and -X options. +- Issue #9817: Add expat COPYING file; add expat, libffi and expat licenses + to Doc/license.rst. + +- Issue #9524: Document that two CTRL* signals are meant for use only + with os.kill. + +- Issue #9255: Document that the 'test' package is meant for internal Python use + only. + +- A small WSGI server was added as Tools/scripts/serve.py, and is used to + implement a local documentation server via 'make serve' in the doc directory. + +- Updating `Using Python` documentation to include description of CPython's -J + and -X options. + +- Document that importing a module that has None in sys.modules triggers an + ImportError. -- Issue #6556: Fixed the Distutils configuration files location explanation - for Windows. +- Issue #6556: Fixed the Distutils configuration files location explanation for + Windows. - Update python manual page (options -B, -O0, -s, environment variables PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE, PYTHONNOUSERSITE). @@ -1658,130 +3959,146 @@ Documentation - Issue #8909: Added the size of the bitmap used in the installer created by distutils' bdist_wininst. Patch by Anatoly Techtonik. +Tests +----- -What's New in Python 3.1.1? -=========================== +- Issue #9251: test_threaded_import didn't fail when run through regrtest if the + import lock was disabled. -*Release date: 2009-08-13* +- Issue #8605: Skip test_gdb if Python is compiled with optimizations. -Core and Builtins ------------------ +- Issue #7449: Skip test_socketserver if threading support is disabled. -- Issue #6707: dir() on an uninitialized module caused a crash. +- Issue #8672: Add a zlib test ensuring that an incomplete stream can be handled + by a decompressor object without errors (it returns incomplete uncompressed + data). -- Issue #6540: Fixed crash for bytearray.translate() with invalid parameters. +- Issue #8533: regrtest uses backslashreplace error handler for stdout to avoid + UnicodeEncodeError (write non-ASCII character to stdout using ASCII encoding). -- Issue #6573: set.union() stopped processing inputs if an instance of self - occurred in the argument chain. +- Issue #8576: Remove use of find_unused_port() in test_smtplib and + test_multiprocessing. Patch by Paul Moore. -- Issue #6070: On posix platforms import no longer copies the execute bit - from the .py file to the .pyc file if it is set. +- Issue #7449: Fix many tests to support Python compiled without thread + support. Patches written by Jerry Seutter. -- Issue #6428: Since Python 3.0, the __bool__ method must return a bool - object, and not an int. Fix the corresponding error message, and the - documentation. +- Issue #8108: test_ftplib's non-blocking SSL server now has proper handling of + SSL shutdowns. -- Issue #6347: Include inttypes.h as well as stdint.h in pyport.h. - This fixes a build failure on HP-UX: int32_t and uint32_t are - defined in inttypes.h instead of stdint.h on that platform. +- Issues #8279, #8330, #8437, #8480, #8495: Fix test_gdb failures, patch written + by Dave Malcolm. -- Issue #6373: Fixed a SystemError when encoding with the latin-1 codec and - the 'surrogateescape' error handler, a string which contains unpaired - surrogates. +- Issue #3864: Skip three test_signal tests on freebsd6 because they fail if any + thread was previously started, most likely due to a platform bug. -C-API ------ +- Issue #8193: Fix test_zlib failure with zlib 1.2.4. -- Issue #6624: yArg_ParseTuple with "s" format when parsing argument with - NUL: Bogus TypeError detail string. +- Issue #8248: Add some tests for the bool type. Patch by Gregory Nofi. -- Issue #6405: Remove duplicate type declarations in descrobject.h. +- Issue #8263: Now regrtest.py will report a failure if it receives a + KeyboardInterrupt (SIGINT). -- The code flags for old __future__ features are now available again. +- Issue #8180 and #8207: Fix test_pep277 on OS X and add more tests for special + Unicode normalization cases. -Library -------- +- Issue #7783: test.support.open_urlresource invalidates the outdated files from + the local cache. -- Issue #6106: telnetlib.Telnet.process_rawq doesn't handle default WILL/WONT - DO/DONT correctly. +- Issue #7849: Now the utility ``check_warnings`` verifies if the warnings are + effectively raised. -- Issue #6126: Fixed pdb command-line usage. +- The four path modules (genericpath, macpath, ntpath, posixpath) share a common + TestCase for some tests: test_genericpath.CommonTest. -- Issue #6629: Fix a data corruption issue in the new I/O library, which could - occur when writing to a BufferedRandom object (e.g. a file opened in "rb+" or - "wb+" mode) after having buffered a certain amount of data for reading. This - bug was not present in the pure Python implementation. +- Print platform information when running the whole test suite, or using the + --verbose flag. -- Issue #6622: Fix "local variable 'secret' referenced before - assignment" bug in POP3.apop. +- Issue #767675: enable test_pep277 on POSIX platforms with Unicode-friendly + filesystem encoding. -- Issue #6637: defaultdict.copy() did not work when the default factory - was left unspecified. Also, the eval/repr round-trip would fail when - the default_factory was None. +- Issue #6292: for the moment at least, the test suite runs cleanly if python is + run with the -OO flag. Tests requiring docstrings are skipped. -- Issue #2715: Remove remnants of Carbon.File from binhex module. +- Issue #7712: test.support gained a new `temp_cwd` context manager which is now + also used by regrtest to run all the tests in a temporary directory. The + original CWD is saved in `support.SAVEDCWD`. Thanks to Florent Xicluna who + helped with the patch. -- Issue #6595: The Decimal constructor now allows arbitrary Unicode -decimal digits in input, as recommended by the standard. Previously -it was restricted to accepting [0-9]. +- Issue #7924: Fix an intermittent 'XXX undetected error' failure in test_capi + (only seen so far on platforms where the curses module wasn't built), due to + an uncleared exception. -- Issues #5155, #5313, #5331: multiprocessing.Process._bootstrap was -unconditionally calling "os.close(sys.stdin.fileno())" resulting in file -descriptor errors +- Issue #7728: test_timeout was changed to use support.bind_port instead of a + hard coded port. -- Issue #1424152: Fix for http.client, urllib.request to support SSL while -working through proxy. Original patch by Christopher Li, changes made by -Senthil Kumaran +- Issue #7376: Instead of running a self-test (which was failing) when called + with no arguments, doctest.py now gives a usage message. -- importlib.abc.PyLoader did not inherit from importlib.abc.ResourceLoader like -the documentation said it did even though the code in PyLoader relied on the -abstract method required by ResourceLoader. +- Issue #7396: fix regrtest -s, which was broken by the -j enhancement. -- Issue #6431: Make Fraction type return NotImplemented when it doesn't -know how to handle a comparison without loss of precision. Also add -correct handling of infinities and nans for comparisons with float. +- Issue #7498: test_multiprocessing now uses test.support.find_unused_port + instead of a hardcoded port number in test_rapid_restart. -- Issue #6415: Fixed warnings.warn segfault on bad formatted string. +- Issue #7431: Use TESTFN in test_linecache instead of trying to create a file + in the Lib/test directory, which might be read-only for the user running the + tests. -- Issue #6358: The exit status of a command started with os.popen() was -reported differently than it did with python 2.x. +- Issue #7324: Add a sanity check to regrtest argument parsing to catch the case + of an option with no handler. -- Issue #6323: The pdb debugger did not exit when running a script with a -syntax error. +- Issue #7312: Add a -F flag to run the selected tests in a loop until a test + fails. Can be combined with -j. -- Issue #3392: The subprocess communicate() method no longer fails in select() - when file descriptors are large; communicate() now uses poll() when possible. +- Issue #6551: test_zipimport could import and then destroy some modules of the + encodings package, which would make other tests fail further down the road + because the internally cached encoders and decoders would point to empty + global variables. -- Issue #6369: Fix an RLE decompression bug in the binhex module. +- Issue #7295: Do not use a hardcoded file name in test_tarfile. -- Issue #6344: Fixed a crash of mmap.read() when passed a negative argument. +- Issue #7270: Add some dedicated unit tests for multi-thread synchronization + primitives such as Lock, RLock, Condition, Event and Semaphore. -- Issue #4005: Fixed a crash of pydoc when there was a zip file present in - sys.path. +- Issue #7248 (part 2): Use a unique temporary directory for importlib source + tests instead of tempfile.tempdir. This prevents the tests from sharing state + between concurrent executions on the same system. -Extension Modules ------------------ +- Issue #7248: In importlib.test.source.util a try/finally block did not make + sure that some referenced objects actually were created in the block before + calling methods on the object. -- Fix a segfault in expat. +- Issue #7222: Make thread "reaping" more reliable so that reference + leak-chasing test runs give sensible results. The previous method of reaping + threads could return successfully while some Thread objects were still + referenced. This also introduces a new private function: + :func:`_thread._count()`. -- Issue #4509: array.array objects are no longer modified after an operation - failing due to the resize restriction in-place when the object has exported - buffers. +- Issue #7151: Fixed regrtest -j so that output to stderr from a test no longer + runs the risk of causing the worker thread to fail. -Build ------ +- Issue #7055: test___all__ now greedily detects all modules which have an + __all__ attribute, rather than using a hardcoded and incomplete list. -- Issue #4601: 'make install' did not set the appropriate permissions on -directories. +- Issue #7058: Added save/restore for things like sys.argv and cwd to + runtest_inner in regrtest, with warnings if the called test modifies them, and + a new section in the summary report at the end. -- Issue #5390: Add uninstall icon independent of whether file -extensions are installed. +- Issue #7042: Fix test_signal (test_itimer_virtual) failure on OS X 10.6. -Test ----- +- Fixed tests in importlib.test.source.test_abc_loader that were masking the + proper exceptions that should be raised for missing or improper code object + bytecode. -- Fix a test in importlib.test.source.test_abc_loader that was incorrectly -testing when a .pyc file lacked an code object bytecode. +- Removed importlib's custom test discovery code and switched to + unittest.TestLoader.discover(). + +Tools/Demos +----------- + +- Issue #5464, #8974: Implement plural forms in msgfmt.py. + +- iobench (a file I/O benchmark) and ccbench (a concurrency benchmark) were + added to the `Tools/` directory. They were previously living in the sandbox. What's New in Python 3.1? @@ -1793,27 +4110,28 @@ Core and Builtins ----------------- - Issue #6334: Fix bug in range length calculation for ranges with -large arguments. + large arguments. - Issue #6329: Fixed iteration for memoryview objects (it was being blocked -because it wasn't recognized as a sequence). + because it wasn't recognized as a sequence). Library ------- -- Issue #6314: logging.basicConfig() performs extra checks on the "level" -argument. +- Issue #6126: Fixed pdb command-line usage. + +- Issue #6314: logging: performs extra checks on the "level" argument. - Issue #6274: Fixed possible file descriptors leak in subprocess.py - Accessing io.StringIO.buffer now raises an AttributeError instead of -io.UnsupportedOperation. + io.UnsupportedOperation. - Issue #6271: mmap tried to close invalid file handle (-1) when anonymous. -(On Unix) + (On Unix) - Issue #1202: zipfile module would cause a struct.error when attempting to -store files with a CRC32 > 2**31-1. + store files with a CRC32 > 2**31-1. Extension Modules ----------------- @@ -1832,10 +4150,10 @@ Core and Builtins - Fixed SystemError triggered by "range([], 1, -1)". - Issue #5924: On Windows, a large PYTHONPATH environment variable -(more than 255 characters) would be completely ignored. + (more than 255 characters) would be completely ignored. - Issue #4547: When debugging a very large function, it was not always -possible to update the lineno attribute of the current frame. + possible to update the lineno attribute of the current frame. - Issue #5330: C functions called with keyword arguments were not reported by the various profiling modules (profile, cProfile). Patch by Hagen Fürstenau. @@ -1844,38 +4162,38 @@ Library ------- - Issue #6438: Fixed distutils.cygwinccompiler.get_versions : the regular -expression string pattern was trying to match against a bytes returned by -Popen. Tested under win32 to build the py-postgresql project. + expression string pattern was trying to match against a bytes returned by + Popen. Tested under win32 to build the py-postgresql project. - Issue #6258: Support AMD64 in bdist_msi. - Issue #6195: fixed doctest to no longer try to read 'source' data from -binary files. + binary files. - Issue #5262: Fixed bug in next rollover time computation in -TimedRotatingFileHandler. + TimedRotatingFileHandler. - Issue #6217: The C implementation of io.TextIOWrapper didn't include the -errors property. Additionally, the errors and encoding properties of StringIO -are always None now. + errors property. Additionally, the errors and encoding properties of StringIO + are always None now. - Issue #6137: The pickle module now translates module names when loading -or dumping pickles with a 2.x-compatible protocol, in order to make data -sharing and migration easier. This behaviour can be disabled using the -new `fix_imports` optional argument. + or dumping pickles with a 2.x-compatible protocol, in order to make data + sharing and migration easier. This behaviour can be disabled using the + new `fix_imports` optional argument. - Removed the ipaddr module. - Issue #3613: base64.{encode,decode}string are now called -base64.{encode,decode}bytes which reflects what type they accept and return. -The old names are still there as deprecated aliases. + base64.{encode,decode}bytes which reflects what type they accept and return. + The old names are still there as deprecated aliases. - Issue #5767: Remove sgmlop support from xmlrpc.client. - Issue #6150: Fix test_unicode on wide-unicode builds. - Issue #6149: Fix initialization of WeakValueDictionary objects from non-empty -parameters. + parameters. Windows ------- @@ -2158,7 +4476,7 @@ Core and Builtins - Issue #2170: refactored xml.dom.minidom.normalize, increasing both its clarity and its speed. -- Issue #1113244: Py_XINCREF, Py_DECREF, Py_XDECREF: Add `do { ... } while (0)' +- Issue #1113244: Py_XINCREF, Py_DECREF, Py_XDECREF: Add ``do { ... } while (0)`` to avoid compiler warnings. - Issue #3739: The unicode-internal encoder now reports the number of characters @@ -2172,6 +4490,8 @@ Installation Library ------- +- Issue #8203: Fix IDLE Credits dialog: view_file() uses its encoding argument. + - Issue #5311: bdist_msi can now build packages that do not depend on a specific Python version. @@ -2480,7 +4800,7 @@ Core and Builtins optional module state data. - Issue #4910: Rename nb_long slot to nb_reserved, and change its - type to (void *). + type to ``(void *)``. - Issue #4935: The overflow checking code in the expandtabs() method common to str, bytes and bytearray could be optimized away by the compiler, letting @@ -2535,8 +4855,8 @@ Core and Builtins - Issue #4747: When the terminal does not use utf-8, executing a script with non-ascii characters in its name could fail with a "SyntaxError: None" error. -- Issue #4797: IOError.filename was not set when _fileio.FileIO failed to open - file with `bytes' filename on Windows. +- Issue #4797: IOError.filename was not set when ``_fileio.FileIO`` failed + to open file with a bytes filename on Windows. - Issue #3680: Reference cycles created through a dict, set or deque iterator did not get collected. @@ -2603,23 +4923,65 @@ Core and Builtins Library ------- +- Issue #7071: byte-compilation in Distutils is now done with respect to + sys.dont_write_bytecode. + +- Issue #7066: archive_util.make_archive now restores the cwd if an error is + raised. Initial patch by Ezio Melotti. + +- Issue #6516: Added owner/group support when creating tar archives in + Distutils. + +- Issue #6954: Fixed crash when using DISTUTILS_DEBUG flag in Distutils. + +- Issue #6163: Fixed HP-UX runtime library dir options in + distutils.unixcompiler. Initial patch by Sridhar Ratnakumar and + Michael Haubenwallner. + +- Issue #6693: New functions in site.py to get user/global site packages paths. + +- Issue #6511: ZipFile now raises BadZipfile (instead of an IOError) when + opening an empty or very small file. + - Issue #6545: Removed assert statements in distutils.Extension, so the behavior is similar when used with -O. -- Issue #6459: distutils.command.build_ext.get_export_symbols now uses the - "PyInit" prefix, rather than "init". +- unittest has been split up into a package. All old names should still work. + +- Issue #6466: now distutils.cygwinccompiler and distutils.emxccompiler + uses the same refactored function to get gcc/ld/dllwrap versions numbers. + It's `distutils.util.get_compiler_versions`. Added deprecation warnings + for the obsolete get_versions() functions. - Issue #6433: fixed issues with multiprocessing.pool.map hanging on empty list +- Issue #6314: logging: Extra checks on the "level" argument in more places. + +- Issue #2622: Fixed an ImportError when importing email.message from a + standalone application built with py2exe or py2app. + - Issue #6455: Fixed test_build_ext under win32. +- Issue #6377: Enabled the compiler option, and deprecate its usage as an + attribute. + - Issue #6413: Fixed the log level in distutils.dist for announce. - Issue #6403: Fixed package path usage in build_ext. +- Issues #5155, 5313, 5331: multiprocessing.Process._bootstrap was + unconditionally calling "os.close(sys.stdin.fileno())" resulting in file + descriptor errors + - Issue #6365: Distutils build_ext inplace mode was copying the compiled extension in a subdirectory if the extension name had dots. +- Issue #6164: Added an AIX specific linker argument in Distutils + unixcompiler. Original patch by Sridhar Ratnakumar. + +- Issue #6286: Now Distutils upload command is based on urllib2 instead of + httplib, allowing the usage of http_proxy. + - Issue #6287: Added the license field in Distutils documentation. - Issue #6263: Fixed syntax error in distutils.cygwincompiler. @@ -2745,7 +5107,7 @@ Library - Issue #5386: mmap.write_byte didn't check map size, so it could cause buffer overrun. -- Issue #1533164: Installed but not listed *.pyo was breaking Distutils +- Issue #1533164: Installed but not listed ``*.pyo`` was breaking Distutils bdist_rpm command. - Issue #5378: added --quiet option to Distutils bdist_rpm command. @@ -2898,8 +5260,8 @@ Library - Issue #4959: inspect.formatargspec now works for keyword only arguments without defaults. -- Issue #3321: _multiprocessing.Connection() doesn't check handle; added checks - for *nix machines for negative handles and large int handles. Without this check +- Issue #3321: ``_multiprocessing.Connection()`` doesn't check handle; added checks + for Unix machines for negative handles and large int handles. Without this check it is possible to segfault the interpreter. - Issue #4449: AssertionError in mp_benchmarks.py, caused by an underlying issue @@ -3105,6 +5467,9 @@ Build C-API ----- +- Issue #6624: yArg_ParseTuple with "s" format when parsing argument with + NUL: Bogus TypeError detail string. + - Issue #5175: PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong now raises OverflowError for negative arguments. Previously, it raised TypeError. @@ -3155,6 +5520,9 @@ Extension Modules Tests ----- +- Issue #6152: New option '-j'/'--multiprocess' for regrtest allows running + regression tests in parallel, shortening the total runtime. + - Issue #5450: Moved tests involving loading tk from Lib/test/test_tcl to Lib/tkinter/test/test_tkinter/test_loadtk. With this, these tests demonstrate the same behaviour as test_ttkguionly (and now also test_tk) which is to diff --git a/Misc/Porting b/Misc/Porting index ec9cf1f441..51f73e63d1 100644 --- a/Misc/Porting +++ b/Misc/Porting @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ target platform. Forget about the posix module for now -- simply take it out of the config.c file. Bang on it until you get a >>> prompt. (You may have to disable the -importing of "site.py" by passing the -S options.) +importing of "site.py" by passing the -S option.) Then bang on it until it executes very simple Python statements. diff --git a/Misc/README b/Misc/README index e7a59c7182..b239cee706 100644 --- a/Misc/README +++ b/Misc/README @@ -8,32 +8,19 @@ Files found here ---------------- ACKS Acknowledgements -AIX-NOTES Notes for building Python on AIX build.sh Script to build and test latest Python from the repository -cheatsheet Quick summary of Python by Ken Manheimer -developers.txt A history of who got developer permissions, and why gdbinit Handy stuff to put in your .gdbinit file, if you use gdb HISTORY News from previous releases -- oldest last indent.pro GNU indent profile approximating my C style -maintainers.rst A list of maintainers for library modules NEWS News for this release (for some meaning of "this") -NEWS.help How to edit NEWS Porting Mini-FAQ on porting to new platforms -PURIFY.README Information for Purify users -pymemcompat.h Memory interface compatibility file. python-config.in Python script template for python-config python.man UNIX man page for the python interpreter -python-mode.el Emacs mode for editing Python programs python.pc.in Package configuration info template for pkg-config -python-wing.wpr Wing IDE project file +python-wing*.wpr Wing IDE project file README The file you're reading now -README.coverity Information about running Coverity's Prevent on Python -README.klocwork Information about running Klocwork's K7 on Python -README.OpenBSD Help for building problems on OpenBSD README.valgrind Information for Valgrind users, see valgrind-python.supp -RFD Request For Discussion about a Python newsgroup RPM (Old) tools to build RPMs -setuid-prog.c C helper program for set-uid Python scripts SpecialBuilds.txt Describes extra symbols you can set for debug builds TextMate A TextMate bundle for Python development valgrind-python.supp Valgrind suppression file, see README.valgrind diff --git a/Misc/README.Emacs b/Misc/README.Emacs deleted file mode 100644 index 68bb1dbd3f..0000000000 --- a/Misc/README.Emacs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -============= -Emacs support -============= - -If you want to edit Python code in Emacs, you should download python-mode.el -and install it somewhere on your load-path. See the project page to download: - - https://launchpad.net/python-mode - -While Emacs comes with a python.el file, it is not recommended. -python-mode.el is maintained by core Python developers and is generally -considered more Python programmer friendly. For example, python-mode.el -includes a killer feature called `pdbtrack` which allows you to set a pdb -breakpoint in your code, run your program in an Emacs shell buffer, and do gud -style debugging when the breakpoint is hit. - -python-mode.el is compatible with both GNU Emacs from the FSF, and XEmacs. - -For more information and bug reporting, see the above project page. For help, -development, or discussions, see the python-mode mailing list: - - http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-mode - - -.. - Local Variables: - mode: indented-text - indent-tabs-mode: nil - sentence-end-double-space: t - fill-column: 78 - coding: utf-8 - End: diff --git a/Misc/README.OpenBSD b/Misc/README.OpenBSD deleted file mode 100644 index b417ecc76f..0000000000 --- a/Misc/README.OpenBSD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ - -2005-01-08 - -If you are have a problem building on OpenBSD and see output like this -while running configure: - -checking curses.h presence... yes -configure: WARNING: curses.h: present but cannot be compiled -configure: WARNING: curses.h: check for missing prerequisite headers? -configure: WARNING: curses.h: see the Autoconf documentation -configure: WARNING: curses.h: section "Present But Cannot Be Compiled" -configure: WARNING: curses.h: proceeding with the preprocessor's result -configure: WARNING: curses.h: in the future, the compiler will take precedence - -there is likely a problem that will prevent building python. -If you see the messages above and are able to completely build python, -please tell python-dev@python.org indicating your version of OpenBSD -and any other relevant system configuration. - -The build error that occurs while making may look something like this: - - /usr/include/sys/event.h:53: error: syntax error before "u_int" - /usr/include/sys/event.h:55: error: syntax error before "u_short" - -To fix this problem, you will probably need update Python's configure -script to disable certain options. Search for a line that looks like: - - OpenBSD/2.* | OpenBSD/3.@<:@012345678@:>@) - -If your version is not in that list, e.g., 3.9, add the version -number. In this case, you would just need to add a 9 after the 8. -If you modify configure.in, you will need to regenerate configure -with autoconf. - -If your version is already in the list, this is not a known problem. -Please submit a bug report here: - - http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=105470 diff --git a/Misc/README.klocwork b/Misc/README.klocwork deleted file mode 100644 index 6d2f57fc73..0000000000 --- a/Misc/README.klocwork +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ - -Klocwork has a static analysis tool (K7) which is similar to Coverity. -They will run their tool on the Python source code on demand. -The results are available at: - - https://opensource.klocwork.com/ - -Currently, only Neal Norwitz has access to the analysis reports. Other -people can be added by request. - -K7 was first run on the Python 2.5 source code in mid-July 2006. -This is after Coverity had been making their results available. -There were originally 175 defects reported. Most of these -were false positives. However, there were numerous real issues -also uncovered. - -Each warning has a unique id and comments that can be made on it. -When checking in changes due to a K7 report, the unique id -as reported by the tool was added to the SVN commit message. -A comment was added to the K7 warning indicating the SVN revision -in addition to any analysis. - -False positives were also annotated so that the comments can -be reviewed and reversed if the analysis was incorrect. - -A second run was performed on 10-Aug-2006. The tool was tuned to remove -some false positives and perform some additional checks. ~150 new -warnings were produced, primarily related to dereferencing NULL pointers. - -Contact python-dev@python.org for more information. diff --git a/Misc/RFD b/Misc/RFD deleted file mode 100644 index fd278c4fa5..0000000000 --- a/Misc/RFD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,114 +0,0 @@ -To: python-list -Subject: comp.lang.python RFD again -From: Guido.van.Rossum@cwi.nl - -I've followed the recent discussion and trimmed the blurb RFD down a bit -(and added the word "object-oriented" to the blurb). - -I don't think it's too early to *try* to create the newsgroup -- -whether we will succeed may depend on how many Python supporters there -are outside the mailing list. - -I'm personally not worried about moderation, and anyway I haven't -heard from any volunteers for moderation (and I won't volunteer -myself) so I suggest that we'll continue to ask for one unmoderated -newsgroup. - -My next action will be to post an updated FAQ (which will hint at the -upcoming RFD) to comp.lang.misc; then finalize the 1.0.0 release and -put it on the ftp site. I'll also try to get it into -comp.sources.unix or .misc. And all this before the end of January! - ---Guido van Rossum, CWI, Amsterdam <Guido.van.Rossum@cwi.nl> -URL: <http://www.cwi.nl/cwi/people/Guido.van.Rossum.html> - -====================================================================== - -These are the steps required (in case you don't know about the -newsgroup creation process): - -First, we need to draw up an RFD (Request For Discussion). This is a -document that tells what the purpose of the group is, and gives a case -for its creation. We post this to relevant groups (comp.lang.misc, -the mailing list, news.groups, etc.) Discussion is held on -news.groups. - -Then, after a few weeks, we run the official CFV (Call For Votes). -The votes are then collected over a period of weeks. We need 100 more -yes votes than no votes, and a 2/3 majority, to get the group. - -There are some restrictions on the vote taker: [s]he cannot actively -campaign for/against the group during the vote process. So the main -benefit to Steve instead of me running the vote is that I will be free -to campaign for its creation! - -The following is our current draft for the RFD. - -====================================================================== - -Request For Discussion: comp.lang.python - - -Purpose -------- - -The newsgroup will be for discussion on the Python computer language. -Possible topics include requests for information, general programming, -development, and bug reports. The group will be unmoderated. - - -What is Python? ---------------- - -Python is a relatively new very-high-level language developed in -Amsterdam. Python is a simple, object-oriented procedural language, -with features taken from ABC, Icon, Modula-3, and C/C++. - -Its central goal is to provide the best of both worlds: the dynamic -nature of scripting languages like Perl/TCL/REXX, but also support for -general programming found in the more traditional languages like Icon, -C, Modula,... - -Python may be FTP'd from the following sites: - - ftp.cwi.nl in directory /pub/python (its "home site", also has a FAQ) - ftp.uu.net in directory /languages/python - gatekeeper.dec.com in directory /pub/plan/python/cwi - - -Rationale ---------- - -Currently there is a mailing list with over 130 subscribers. -The activity of this list is high, and to make handling the -traffic more reasonable, a newsgroup is being proposed. We -also feel that comp.lang.misc would not be a suitable forum -for this volume of discussion on a particular language. - - -Charter -------- - -Comp.lang.python is an unmoderated newsgroup which will serve -as a forum for discussing the Python computer language. The -group will serve both those who just program in Python and -those who work on developing the language. Topics that -may be discussed include: - - - announcements of new versions of the language and - applications written in Python. - - - discussion on the internals of the Python language. - - - general information about the language. - - - discussion on programming in Python. - - -Discussion ----------- - -Any objections to this RFD will be considered and, if determined -to be appropriate, will be incorporated. The discussion period -will be for a period of 21 days after which the first CFV will be -issued. diff --git a/Misc/RPM/README b/Misc/RPM/README index f3a25575f7..d883c95e85 100644 --- a/Misc/RPM/README +++ b/Misc/RPM/README @@ -2,11 +2,6 @@ This directory contains support file used to build RPM releases of Python. Its contents are maintained by Sean Reifschneider <jafo@tummy.com>. -It is recommended that RPM builders use the python*.src.rpm file -downloaded from the "ftp.python.org:/pub/python/<version>/rpms". These -may be more up to date than the files included in the base Python -release tar-file. - If you wish to build RPMs from the base Python release tar-file, note that you will have to download the "doc/<version>/html-<version>.tar.bz2" @@ -14,3 +9,25 @@ file from python.org and place it into your "SOURCES" directory for the build to complete. This is the same directory that you place the Python-2.3.1 release tar-file in. You can then use the ".spec" file in this directory to build RPMs. + +You may also wish to pursue RPMs provided by distribution makers to see if +they have one suitable for your uses. If, for example, you just want a +slightly newer version of Python than what the distro provides, you could +pick up the closest SRPM your distro provides, and then modify it to +the newer version, and build that. It may be as simple as just changing +the "version" information in the spec file (or it may require fixing +patches). + +NOTE: I am *NOT* recommending just using the binary RPM, and never do an +install with "--force" or "--nodeps". + +Also worth pursuing may be newer versions provided by similar distros. For +example, a Python 3 SRPM from Fedora may be a good baseline to try building +on CentOS. + +Many newer SRPMs won't install on older distros because of format changes. +You can manually extract these SRPMS with: + + mkdir foo + cd foo + rpm2cpio <../python3-*.src.rpm | cpio -ivd diff --git a/Misc/RPM/python-3.1.spec b/Misc/RPM/python-3.2.spec index 0f24a41762..a5ecdc703a 100644 --- a/Misc/RPM/python-3.1.spec +++ b/Misc/RPM/python-3.2.spec @@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ %define config_ipv6 yes %define config_ipv6 no +# Build shared libraries or .a library? +#WARNING: Commenting out doesn't work. Last line is what's used. +%define config_sharedlib no +%define config_sharedlib yes + # Location of the HTML directory. %define config_htmldir /var/www/html/python @@ -34,8 +39,8 @@ %define name python #--start constants-- -%define version 3.1.3 -%define libvers 3.1 +%define version 3.2 +%define libvers 3.2 #--end constants-- %define release 1pydotorg %define __prefix /usr @@ -46,6 +51,8 @@ %define binsuffix %(if [ "%{config_binsuffix}" = none ]; then echo ; else echo "%{config_binsuffix}"; fi) %define include_tkinter %(if [ \\( "%{config_tkinter}" = auto -a -f /usr/bin/wish \\) -o "%{config_tkinter}" = yes ]; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi) %define libdirname %(( uname -m | egrep -q '_64$' && [ -d /usr/lib64 ] && echo lib64 ) || echo lib) +%define sharedlib %(if [ "%{config_sharedlib}" = yes ]; then echo --enable-shared; else echo ; fi) +%define include_sharedlib %(if [ "%{config_sharedlib}" = yes ]; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi) # detect if documentation is available %define include_docs %(if [ -f "%{_sourcedir}/html-%{version}.tar.bz2" ]; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi) @@ -223,7 +230,14 @@ formats. # BUILD ######## %build -./configure --enable-unicode=ucs4 %{ipv6} %{pymalloc} --prefix=%{__prefix} +echo "Setting for ipv6: %{ipv6}" +echo "Setting for pymalloc: %{pymalloc}" +echo "Setting for binsuffix: %{binsuffix}" +echo "Setting for include_tkinter: %{include_tkinter}" +echo "Setting for libdirname: %{libdirname}" +echo "Setting for sharedlib: %{sharedlib}" +echo "Setting for include_sharedlib: %{include_sharedlib}" +./configure --enable-unicode=ucs4 %{sharedlib} %{ipv6} %{pymalloc} --prefix=%{__prefix} make ########## @@ -254,11 +268,10 @@ fi # add the binsuffix if [ ! -z "%{binsuffix}" ] then - ( cd $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{__prefix}/bin; rm -f python[0-9a-zA-Z]*; - mv -f python python"%{binsuffix}" ) - ( cd $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{__prefix}/share/man/man1; mv python.1 python%{binsuffix}.1 ) - ( cd $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{__prefix}/bin; mv -f pydoc pydoc"%{binsuffix}" ) - ( cd $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{__prefix}/bin; mv -f idle idle"%{binsuffix}" ) + rm -f $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{__prefix}/bin/python[0-9a-zA-Z]* + ( cd $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{__prefix}/bin; + for file in *; do mv "$file" "$file"%{binsuffix}; done ) + ( cd $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mandir}/man1; mv python.1 python%{binsuffix}.1 ) fi ######## @@ -273,17 +286,23 @@ cp -a Tools $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers} # MAKE FILE LISTS rm -f mainpkg.files -find "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT""%{__prefix}"/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/lib-dynload -type f | +find "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT""%{__prefix}"/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers} -type f | sed "s|^${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}|/|" | - grep -v -e '_tkinter.so$' >mainpkg.files -find "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT""%{__prefix}"/bin -type f | + grep -v -e '/python%{libvers}/config$' -e '_tkinter.so$' >mainpkg.files +find "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT""%{__prefix}"/bin -type f -o -type l | sed "s|^${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}|/|" | + grep -v -e '/bin/2to3%{binsuffix}$' | + grep -v -e '/bin/pydoc%{binsuffix}$' | + grep -v -e '/bin/smtpd.py%{binsuffix}$' | grep -v -e '/bin/idle%{binsuffix}$' >>mainpkg.files rm -f tools.files find "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT""%{__prefix}"/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/idlelib \ "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT""%{__prefix}"/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/Tools -type f | sed "s|^${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}|/|" >tools.files +echo "%{__prefix}"/bin/2to3%{binsuffix} >>tools.files +echo "%{__prefix}"/bin/pydoc%{binsuffix} >>tools.files +echo "%{__prefix}"/bin/smtpd.py%{binsuffix} >>tools.files echo "%{__prefix}"/bin/idle%{binsuffix} >>tools.files ###### @@ -341,27 +360,13 @@ rm -f mainpkg.files tools.files %defattr(-,root,root) %doc Misc/README Misc/cheatsheet Misc/Porting %doc LICENSE Misc/ACKS Misc/HISTORY Misc/NEWS -%{__prefix}/share/man/man1/python%{binsuffix}.1* +%{_mandir}/man1/python%{binsuffix}.1* %attr(755,root,root) %dir %{__prefix}/include/python%{libvers} %attr(755,root,root) %dir %{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/ -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/*.txt -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/*.py* -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/pdb.doc -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/curses -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/distutils -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/encodings -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/plat-linux2 -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/site-packages -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/test -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/xml -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/email -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/email/mime -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/sqlite3 -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/compiler -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/hotshot -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/logging -%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/python%{libvers}/lib-old +%if %{include_sharedlib} +%{__prefix}/%{libdirname}/libpython* +%endif %files devel %defattr(-,root,root) diff --git a/Misc/Vim/vimrc b/Misc/Vim/vimrc index 2013bf30e6..c398cca696 100644 --- a/Misc/Vim/vimrc +++ b/Misc/Vim/vimrc @@ -15,38 +15,35 @@ " Only basic settings needed to enforce the style guidelines are set. " Some suggested options are listed but commented out at the end of this file. - -" Number of spaces to use for an indent. -" This will affect Ctrl-T and 'autoindent'. -" Python: 4 spaces -" C: 4 spaces -au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*pyw set shiftwidth=4 -au BufRead *.c,*.h set shiftwidth=8 -au BufNewFile *.c,*.h set shiftwidth=4 - " Number of spaces that a pre-existing tab is equal to. " For the amount of space used for a new tab use shiftwidth. -" Python: 8 -" C: 8 au BufRead,BufNewFile *py,*pyw,*.c,*.h set tabstop=8 -" Replace tabs with the equivalent number of spaces. -" Also have an autocmd for Makefiles since they require hard tabs. -" Python: yes -" C: yes -" Makefile: no -au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*.pyw,*.c,*.h set expandtab +" What to use for an indent. +" This will affect Ctrl-T and 'autoindent'. +" Python: 4 spaces +" C: tabs (pre-existing files) or 4 spaces (new files) +au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*pyw set shiftwidth=4 +au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*.pyw set expandtab +fu Select_c_style() + if search('^\t', 'n', 150) + set shiftwidth=8 + set noexpandtab + el + set shiftwidth=4 + set expandtab + en +endf +au BufRead,BufNewFile *.c,*.h call Select_c_style() au BufRead,BufNewFile Makefile* set noexpandtab -" Use the below highlight group when displaying bad whitespace is desired +" Use the below highlight group when displaying bad whitespace is desired. highlight BadWhitespace ctermbg=red guibg=red " Display tabs at the beginning of a line in Python mode as bad. -" Should be done for C code, but not until all code has been moved to 4-space -" indents. au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*.pyw match BadWhitespace /^\t\+/ " Make trailing whitespace be flagged as bad. -au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*.pyw,*.c,*.h match BadWhitespace /\s\+$/ +au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*.pyw,*.c,*.h,*.rst match BadWhitespace /\s\+$/ " Wrap text after a certain number of characters " Python: 79 diff --git a/Misc/build.sh b/Misc/build.sh index 03c0d7b43e..ecbe57970f 100755 --- a/Misc/build.sh +++ b/Misc/build.sh @@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ FAILURE_MAILTO="python-checkins@python.org" #FAILURE_CC="optional--uncomment and set to desired address" REMOTE_SYSTEM="neal@dinsdale.python.org" -REMOTE_DIR="/data/ftp.python.org/pub/www.python.org/doc/3.1" +REMOTE_DIR="/data/ftp.python.org/pub/docs.python.org/dev/py3k" RESULT_FILE="$DIR/build/index.html" -INSTALL_DIR="/tmp/python-test-3.1/local" +INSTALL_DIR="/tmp/python-test-3.2/local" RSYNC_OPTS="-C -e ssh -rlogD" # Always run the installed version of Python. @@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ if [ $err = 0 -a "$BUILD_DISABLED" != "yes" ]; then ## make and run basic tests F=make-test.out start=`current_time` - $PYTHON $REGRTEST_ARGS -u urlfetch >& build/$F + $PYTHON $REGRTEST_ARGS -W -u urlfetch >& build/$F NUM_FAILURES=`count_failures build/$F` place_summary_first build/$F update_status "Testing basics ($NUM_FAILURES failures)" "$F" $start @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ if [ $err = 0 -a "$BUILD_DISABLED" != "yes" ]; then F=make-test-opt.out start=`current_time` - $PYTHON -O $REGRTEST_ARGS -u urlfetch >& build/$F + $PYTHON -O $REGRTEST_ARGS -W -u urlfetch >& build/$F NUM_FAILURES=`count_failures build/$F` place_summary_first build/$F update_status "Testing opt ($NUM_FAILURES failures)" "$F" $start @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ if [ $err = 0 -a "$BUILD_DISABLED" != "yes" ]; then start=`current_time` ## skip curses when running from cron since there's no terminal ## skip sound since it's not setup on the PSF box (/dev/dsp) - $PYTHON $REGRTEST_ARGS -uall -x test_curses test_linuxaudiodev test_ossaudiodev $_ALWAYS_SKIP >& build/$F + $PYTHON $REGRTEST_ARGS -W -uall -x test_curses test_linuxaudiodev test_ossaudiodev &_ALWAYS_SKIP >& build/$F NUM_FAILURES=`count_failures build/$F` place_summary_first build/$F update_status "Testing all except curses and sound ($NUM_FAILURES failures)" "$F" $start diff --git a/Misc/cheatsheet b/Misc/cheatsheet deleted file mode 100644 index 8c5ddcb457..0000000000 --- a/Misc/cheatsheet +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2181 +0,0 @@ - Python 2.3 Quick Reference - - - 25 Jan 2003 upgraded by Raymond Hettinger for Python 2.3 - 16 May 2001 upgraded by Richard Gruet and Simon Brunning for Python 2.0 - 2000/07/18 upgraded by Richard Gruet, rgruet@intraware.com for Python 1.5.2 -from V1.3 ref -1995/10/30, by Chris Hoffmann, choffman@vicorp.com - -Based on: - Python Bestiary, Author: Ken Manheimer, ken.manheimer@nist.gov - Python manuals, Authors: Guido van Rossum and Fred Drake - What's new in Python 2.0, Authors: A.M. Kuchling and Moshe Zadka - python-mode.el, Author: Tim Peters, tim_one@email.msn.com - - and the readers of comp.lang.python - -Python's nest: http://www.python.org Developement: http:// -python.sourceforge.net/ ActivePython : http://www.ActiveState.com/ASPN/ -Python/ -newsgroup: comp.lang.python Help desk: help@python.org -Resources: http://starship.python.net/ - http://www.vex.net/parnassus/ - http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python -FAQ: http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/faqw.py -Full documentation: http://www.python.org/doc/ -Excellent reference books: - Python Essential Reference by David Beazley (New Riders) - Python Pocket Reference by Mark Lutz (O'Reilly) - - -Invocation Options - -python [-diOStuUvxX?] [-c command | script | - ] [args] - - Invocation Options -Option Effect --c cmd program passed in as string (terminates option list) --d Outputs parser debugging information (also PYTHONDEBUG=x) --E ignore environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH) --h print this help message and exit --i Inspect interactively after running script (also PYTHONINSPECT=x) and - force prompts, even if stdin appears not to be a terminal --m mod run library module as a script (terminates option list --O optimize generated bytecode (a tad; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x) --OO remove doc-strings in addition to the -O optimizations --Q arg division options: -Qold (default), -Qwarn, -Qwarnall, -Qnew --S Don't perform 'import site' on initialization --u Unbuffered binary stdout and stderr (also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x). --v Verbose (trace import statements) (also PYTHONVERBOSE=x) --W arg : warning control (arg is action:message:category:module:lineno) --x Skip first line of source, allowing use of non-unix Forms of #!cmd --? Help! --c Specify the command to execute (see next section). This terminates the -command option list (following options are passed as arguments to the command). - the name of a python file (.py) to execute read from stdin. -script Anything afterward is passed as options to python script or command, - not interpreted as an option to interpreter itself. -args passed to script or command (in sys.argv[1:]) - If no script or command, Python enters interactive mode. - - * Available IDEs in std distrib: IDLE (tkinter based, portable), Pythonwin - (Windows). - - - -Environment variables - - Environment variables - Variable Effect -PYTHONHOME Alternate prefix directory (or prefix;exec_prefix). The - default module search path uses prefix/lib - Augments the default search path for module files. The format - is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more directory - pathnames separated by ':' or ';' without spaces around - (semi-)colons! -PYTHONPATH On Windows first search for Registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ - Software\Python\PythonCore\x.y\PythonPath (default value). You - may also define a key named after your application with a - default string value giving the root directory path of your - app. - If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in -PYTHONSTARTUP that file are executed before the first prompt is displayed in - interactive mode (no default). -PYTHONDEBUG If non-empty, same as -d option -PYTHONINSPECT If non-empty, same as -i option -PYTHONSUPPRESS If non-empty, same as -s option -PYTHONUNBUFFERED If non-empty, same as -u option -PYTHONVERBOSE If non-empty, same as -v option -PYTHONCASEOK If non-empty, ignore case in file/module names (imports) - - - - -Notable lexical entities - -Keywords - - and del for is raise - assert elif from lambda return - break else global not try - class except if or while - continue exec import pass yield - def finally in print - - * (list of keywords in std module: keyword) - * Illegitimate Tokens (only valid in strings): @ $ ? - * A statement must all be on a single line. To break a statement over - multiple lines use "\", as with the C preprocessor. - Exception: can always break when inside any (), [], or {} pair, or in - triple-quoted strings. - * More than one statement can appear on a line if they are separated with - semicolons (";"). - * Comments start with "#" and continue to end of line. - -Identifiers - - (letter | "_") (letter | digit | "_")* - - * Python identifiers keywords, attributes, etc. are case-sensitive. - * Special forms: _ident (not imported by 'from module import *'); __ident__ - (system defined name); - __ident (class-private name mangling) - -Strings - - "a string enclosed by double quotes" - 'another string delimited by single quotes and with a " inside' - '''a string containing embedded newlines and quote (') marks, can be - delimited with triple quotes.''' - """ may also use 3- double quotes as delimiters """ - u'a unicode string' U"Another unicode string" - r'a raw string where \ are kept (literalized): handy for regular - expressions and windows paths!' - R"another raw string" -- raw strings cannot end with a \ - ur'a unicode raw string' UR"another raw unicode" - - Use \ at end of line to continue a string on next line. - adjacent strings are concatened, e.g. 'Monty' ' Python' is the same as - 'Monty Python'. - u'hello' + ' world' --> u'hello world' (coerced to unicode) - - String Literal Escapes - - \newline Ignored (escape newline) - \\ Backslash (\) \e Escape (ESC) \v Vertical Tab (VT) - \' Single quote (') \f Formfeed (FF) \OOO char with octal value OOO - \" Double quote (") \n Linefeed (LF) - \a Bell (BEL) \r Carriage Return (CR) \xHH char with hex value HH - \b Backspace (BS) \t Horizontal Tab (TAB) - \uHHHH unicode char with hex value HHHH, can only be used in unicode string - \UHHHHHHHH unicode char with hex value HHHHHHHH, can only be used in unicode string - \AnyOtherChar is left as-is - - * NUL byte (\000) is NOT an end-of-string marker; NULs may be embedded in - strings. - * Strings (and tuples) are immutable: they cannot be modified. - -Numbers - - Decimal integer: 1234, 1234567890546378940L (or l) - Octal integer: 0177, 0177777777777777777 (begin with a 0) - Hex integer: 0xFF, 0XFFFFffffFFFFFFFFFF (begin with 0x or 0X) - Long integer (unlimited precision): 1234567890123456 - Float (double precision): 3.14e-10, .001, 10., 1E3 - Complex: 1J, 2+3J, 4+5j (ends with J or j, + separates (float) real and - imaginary parts) - -Sequences - - * String of length 0, 1, 2 (see above) - '', '1', "12", 'hello\n' - * Tuple of length 0, 1, 2, etc: - () (1,) (1,2) # parentheses are optional if len > 0 - * List of length 0, 1, 2, etc: - [] [1] [1,2] - -Indexing is 0-based. Negative indices (usually) mean count backwards from end -of sequence. - -Sequence slicing [starting-at-index : but-less-than-index]. Start defaults to -'0'; End defaults to 'sequence-length'. - -a = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) - a[3] ==> 3 - a[-1] ==> 7 - a[2:4] ==> (2, 3) - a[1:] ==> (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) - a[:3] ==> (0, 1, 2) - a[:] ==> (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) # makes a copy of the sequence. - -Dictionaries (Mappings) - - {} # Zero length empty dictionary - {1 : 'first'} # Dictionary with one (key, value) pair - {1 : 'first', 'next': 'second'} - dict([('one',1),('two',2)]) # Construct a dict from an item list - dict('one'=1, 'two'=2) # Construct a dict using keyword args - dict.fromkeys(['one', 'keys']) # Construct a dict from a sequence - -Operators and their evaluation order - - Operators and their evaluation order -Highest Operator Comment - (...) [...] {...} `...` Tuple, list & dict. creation; string - conv. - s[i] s[i:j] s.attr f(...) indexing & slicing; attributes, fct - calls - +x, -x, ~x Unary operators - x**y Power - x*y x/y x%y x//y mult, division, modulo, floor division - x+y x-y addition, subtraction - x<<y x>>y Bit shifting - x&y Bitwise and - x^y Bitwise exclusive or - x|y Bitwise or - x<y x<=y x>y x>=y x==y x!=y Comparison, - x is y x is not y membership - x in s x not in s - not x boolean negation - x and y boolean and - x or y boolean or -Lowest lambda args: expr anonymous function - -Alternate names are defined in module operator (e.g. __add__ and add for +) -Most operators are overridable. - -Many binary operators also support augmented assignment: - x += 1 # Same as x = x + 1 - - -Basic Types and Their Operations - -Comparisons (defined between *any* types) - - Comparisons -Comparison Meaning Notes -< strictly less than (1) -<= less than or equal to -> strictly greater than ->= greater than or equal to -== equal to -!= not equal to -is object identity (2) -is not negated object identity (2) - -Notes : - Comparison behavior can be overridden for a given class by defining special -method __cmp__. - The above comparisons return True or False which are of type bool -(a subclass of int) and behave exactly as 1 or 0 except for their type and -that they print as True or False instead of 1 or 0. - (1) X < Y < Z < W has expected meaning, unlike C - (2) Compare object identities (i.e. id(object)), not object values. - -Boolean values and operators - - Boolean values and operators - Value or Operator Returns Notes -None, numeric zeros, empty sequences and False -mappings -all other values True -not x True if x is False, else - True -x or y if x is False then y, else (1) - x -x and y if x is False then x, else (1) - y - -Notes : - Truth testing behavior can be overridden for a given class by defining -special method __bool__. - (1) Evaluate second arg only if necessary to determine outcome. - -None - - None is used as default return value on functions. Built-in single object - with type NoneType. - Input that evaluates to None does not print when running Python - interactively. - -Numeric types - -Floats and integers. - - Floats are implemented with C doubles. - Integers have unlimited size (only limit is system resources) - -Operators on all numeric types - - Operators on all numeric types - Operation Result -abs(x) the absolute value of x -int(x) x converted to integer -float(x) x converted to floating point --x x negated -+x x unchanged -x + y the sum of x and y -x - y difference of x and y -x * y product of x and y -x / y quotient of x and y -x % y remainder of x / y -divmod(x, y) the tuple (x/y, x%y) -x ** y x to the power y (the same as pow(x, y)) - -Bit operators on integers - - Bit operators -Operation >Result -~x the bits of x inverted -x ^ y bitwise exclusive or of x and y -x & y bitwise and of x and y -x | y bitwise or of x and y -x << n x shifted left by n bits -x >> n x shifted right by n bits - -Complex Numbers - - * represented as a pair of machine-level double precision floating point - numbers. - * The real and imaginary value of a complex number z can be retrieved through - the attributes z.real and z.imag. - -Numeric exceptions - -TypeError - raised on application of arithmetic operation to non-number -OverflowError - numeric bounds exceeded -ZeroDivisionError - raised when zero second argument of div or modulo op -FloatingPointError - raised when a floating point operation fails - -Operations on all sequence types (lists, tuples, strings) - - Operations on all sequence types -Operation Result Notes -x in s True if an item of s is equal to x, else False -x not in s False if an item of s is equal to x, else True -for x in s: loops over the sequence -s + t the concatenation of s and t -s * n, n*s n copies of s concatenated -s[i] i'th item of s, origin 0 (1) -s[i:j] slice of s from i (included) to j (excluded) (1), (2) -len(s) length of s -min(s) smallest item of s -max(s) largest item of (s) -iter(s) returns an iterator over s. iterators define __iter__ and next() - -Notes : - (1) if i or j is negative, the index is relative to the end of the string, -ie len(s)+ i or len(s)+j is - substituted. But note that -0 is still 0. - (2) The slice of s from i to j is defined as the sequence of items with -index k such that i <= k < j. - If i or j is greater than len(s), use len(s). If i is omitted, use -len(s). If i is greater than or - equal to j, the slice is empty. - -Operations on mutable (=modifiable) sequences (lists) - - Operations on mutable sequences - Operation Result Notes -s[i] =x item i of s is replaced by x -s[i:j] = t slice of s from i to j is replaced by t -del s[i:j] same as s[i:j] = [] -s.append(x) same as s[len(s) : len(s)] = [x] -s.count(x) return number of i's for which s[i] == x -s.extend(x) same as s[len(s):len(s)]= x -s.index(x) return smallest i such that s[i] == x (1) -s.insert(i, x) same as s[i:i] = [x] if i >= 0 -s.pop([i]) same as x = s[i]; del s[i]; return x (4) -s.remove(x) same as del s[s.index(x)] (1) -s.reverse() reverse the items of s in place (3) -s.sort([cmpFct]) sort the items of s in place (2), (3) - -Notes : - (1) raise a ValueError exception when x is not found in s (i.e. out of -range). - (2) The sort() method takes an optional argument specifying a comparison -fct of 2 arguments (list items) which should - return -1, 0, or 1 depending on whether the 1st argument is -considered smaller than, equal to, or larger than the 2nd - argument. Note that this slows the sorting process down considerably. - (3) The sort() and reverse() methods modify the list in place for economy -of space when sorting or reversing a large list. - They don't return the sorted or reversed list to remind you of this -side effect. - (4) [New 1.5.2] The optional argument i defaults to -1, so that by default the last -item is removed and returned. - - - -Operations on mappings (dictionaries) - - Operations on mappings - Operation Result Notes -len(d) the number of items in d -d[k] the item of d with key k (1) -d[k] = x set d[k] to x -del d[k] remove d[k] from d (1) -d.clear() remove all items from d -d.copy() a shallow copy of d -d.get(k,defaultval) the item of d with key k (4) -d.has_key(k) True if d has key k, else False -d.items() a copy of d's list of (key, item) pairs (2) -d.iteritems() an iterator over (key, value) pairs (7) -d.iterkeys() an iterator over the keys of d (7) -d.itervalues() an iterator over the values of d (7) -d.keys() a copy of d's list of keys (2) -d1.update(d2) for k, v in d2.items(): d1[k] = v (3) -d.values() a copy of d's list of values (2) -d.pop(k) remove d[k] and return its value -d.popitem() remove and return an arbitrary (6) - (key, item) pair -d.setdefault(k,defaultval) the item of d with key k (5) - - Notes : - TypeError is raised if key is not acceptable - (1) KeyError is raised if key k is not in the map - (2) Keys and values are listed in random order - (3) d2 must be of the same type as d1 - (4) Never raises an exception if k is not in the map, instead it returns - defaultVal. - defaultVal is optional, when not provided and k is not in the map, - None is returned. - (5) Never raises an exception if k is not in the map, instead it returns - defaultVal, and adds k to map with value defaultVal. defaultVal is - optional. When not provided and k is not in the map, None is returned and - added to map. - (6) Raises a KeyError if the dictionary is emtpy. - (7) While iterating over a dictionary, the values may be updated but - the keys cannot be changed. - -Operations on strings - -Note that these string methods largely (but not completely) supersede the -functions available in the string module. - - - Operations on strings - Operation Result Notes -s.capitalize() return a copy of s with only its first character - capitalized. -s.center(width) return a copy of s centered in a string of length width (1) - . -s.count(sub[ return the number of occurrences of substring sub in (2) -,start[,end]]) string s. -s.decode(([ return a decoded version of s. (3) - encoding - [,errors]]) -s.encode([ return an encoded version of s. Default encoding is the - encoding current default string encoding. (3) - [,errors]]) -s.endswith(suffix return true if s ends with the specified suffix, (2) - [,start[,end]]) otherwise return False. -s.expandtabs([ return a copy of s where all tab characters are (4) -tabsize]) expanded using spaces. -s.find(sub[,start return the lowest index in s where substring sub is (2) -[,end]]) found. Return -1 if sub is not found. -s.index(sub[ like find(), but raise ValueError when the substring is (2) -,start[,end]]) not found. -s.isalnum() return True if all characters in s are alphanumeric, (5) - False otherwise. -s.isalpha() return True if all characters in s are alphabetic, (5) - False otherwise. -s.isdigit() return True if all characters in s are digit (5) - characters, False otherwise. -s.islower() return True if all characters in s are lowercase, False (6) - otherwise. -s.isspace() return True if all characters in s are whitespace (5) - characters, False otherwise. -s.istitle() return True if string s is a titlecased string, False (7) - otherwise. -s.isupper() return True if all characters in s are uppercase, False (6) - otherwise. -s.join(seq) return a concatenation of the strings in the sequence - seq, separated by 's's. -s.ljust(width) return s left justified in a string of length width. (1), - (8) -s.lower() return a copy of s converted to lowercase. -s.lstrip() return a copy of s with leading whitespace removed. -s.replace(old, return a copy of s with all occurrences of substring (9) -new[, maxsplit]) old replaced by new. -s.rfind(sub[ return the highest index in s where substring sub is (2) -,start[,end]]) found. Return -1 if sub is not found. -s.rindex(sub[ like rfind(), but raise ValueError when the substring (2) -,start[,end]]) is not found. -s.rjust(width) return s right justified in a string of length width. (1), - (8) -s.rstrip() return a copy of s with trailing whitespace removed. -s.split([sep[ return a list of the words in s, using sep as the (10) -,maxsplit]]) delimiter string. -s.splitlines([ return a list of the lines in s, breaking at line (11) -keepends]) boundaries. -s.startswith return true if s starts with the specified prefix, -(prefix[,start[ otherwise return false. (2) -,end]]) -s.strip() return a copy of s with leading and trailing whitespace - removed. -s.swapcase() return a copy of s with uppercase characters converted - to lowercase and vice versa. - return a titlecased copy of s, i.e. words start with -s.title() uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters - are lowercase. -s.translate(table return a copy of s mapped through translation table (12) -[,deletechars]) table. -s.upper() return a copy of s converted to uppercase. -s.zfill(width) return a string padded with zeroes on the left side and - sliding a minus sign left if necessary. never truncates. - -Notes : - (1) Padding is done using spaces. - (2) If optional argument start is supplied, substring s[start:] is -processed. If optional arguments start and end are supplied, substring s[start: -end] is processed. - (3) Optional argument errors may be given to set a different error handling -scheme. The default for errors is 'strict', meaning that encoding errors raise -a ValueError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'. - (4) If optional argument tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters -is assumed. - (5) Returns false if string s does not contain at least one character. - (6) Returns false if string s does not contain at least one cased -character. - (7) A titlecased string is a string in which uppercase characters may only -follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. - (8) s is returned if width is less than len(s). - (9) If the optional argument maxsplit is given, only the first maxsplit -occurrences are replaced. - (10) If sep is not specified or None, any whitespace string is a separator. -If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. - (11) Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is -given and true. - (12) table must be a string of length 256. All characters occurring in the -optional argument deletechars are removed prior to translation. - -String formatting with the % operator - -formatString % args--> evaluates to a string - - * formatString uses C printf format codes : %, c, s, i, d, u, o, x, X, e, E, - f, g, G, r (details below). - * Width and precision may be a * to specify that an integer argument gives - the actual width or precision. - * The flag characters -, +, blank, # and 0 are understood. (details below) - * %s will convert any type argument to string (uses str() function) - * args may be a single arg or a tuple of args - - '%s has %03d quote types.' % ('Python', 2) # => 'Python has 002 quote types.' - - * Right-hand-side can also be a mapping: - - a = '%(lang)s has %(c)03d quote types.' % {'c':2, 'lang':'Python} -(vars() function very handy to use on right-hand-side.) - - Format codes -Conversion Meaning -d Signed integer decimal. -i Signed integer decimal. -o Unsigned octal. -u Unsigned decimal. -x Unsigned hexadecimal (lowercase). -X Unsigned hexadecimal (uppercase). -e Floating point exponential format (lowercase). -E Floating point exponential format (uppercase). -f Floating point decimal format. -F Floating point decimal format. -g Same as "e" if exponent is greater than -4 or less than precision, - "f" otherwise. -G Same as "E" if exponent is greater than -4 or less than precision, - "F" otherwise. -c Single character (accepts integer or single character string). -r String (converts any python object using repr()). -s String (converts any python object using str()). -% No argument is converted, results in a "%" character in the result. - (The complete specification is %%.) - - Conversion flag characters -Flag Meaning -# The value conversion will use the ``alternate form''. -0 The conversion will be zero padded. -- The converted value is left adjusted (overrides "-"). - (a space) A blank should be left before a positive number (or empty - string) produced by a signed conversion. -+ A sign character ("+" or "-") will precede the conversion (overrides a - "space" flag). - -File Objects - -Created with built-in function open; may be created by other modules' functions -as well. - -Operators on file objects - - File operations - Operation Result -f.close() Close file f. -f.fileno() Get fileno (fd) for file f. -f.flush() Flush file f's internal buffer. -f.isatty() True if file f is connected to a tty-like dev, else False. -f.read([size]) Read at most size bytes from file f and return as a string - object. If size omitted, read to EOF. -f.readline() Read one entire line from file f. -f.readlines() Read until EOF with readline() and return list of lines read. - Set file f's position, like "stdio's fseek()". -f.seek(offset[, whence == 0 then use absolute indexing. -whence=0]) whence == 1 then offset relative to current pos. - whence == 2 then offset relative to file end. -f.tell() Return file f's current position (byte offset). -f.write(str) Write string to file f. -f.writelines(list Write list of strings to file f. -) - -File Exceptions - - EOFError - End-of-file hit when reading (may be raised many times, e.g. if f is a - tty). - IOError - Other I/O-related I/O operation failure. - OSError - OS system call failed. - - - Advanced Types - - -See manuals for more details - - + Module objects - + Class objects - + Class instance objects - + Type objects (see module: types) - + File objects (see above) - + Slice objects - + XRange objects - + Callable types: - o User-defined (written in Python): - # User-defined Function objects - # User-defined Method objects - o Built-in (written in C): - # Built-in Function objects - # Built-in Method objects - + Internal Types: - o Code objects (byte-compile executable Python code: bytecode) - o Frame objects (execution frames) - o Traceback objects (stack trace of an exception) - - - Statements - - pass -- Null statement - del name[,name]* -- Unbind name(s) from object. Object will be indirectly - (and automatically) deleted only if no longer referenced. - print [>> fileobject,] [s1 [, s2 ]* [,] - -- Writes to sys.stdout, or to fileobject if supplied. - Puts spaces between arguments. Puts newline at end - unless statement ends with comma. - Print is not required when running interactively, - simply typing an expression will print its value, - unless the value is None. - exec x [in globals [,locals]] - -- Executes x in namespaces provided. Defaults - to current namespaces. x can be a string, file - object or a function object. - callable(value,... [id=value], [*args], [**kw]) - -- Call function callable with parameters. Parameters can - be passed by name or be omitted if function - defines default values. E.g. if callable is defined as - "def callable(p1=1, p2=2)" - "callable()" <=> "callable(1, 2)" - "callable(10)" <=> "callable(10, 2)" - "callable(p2=99)" <=> "callable(1, 99)" - *args is a tuple of positional arguments. - **kw is a dictionary of keyword arguments. - - Assignment operators - - Caption - Operator Result Notes - a = b Basic assignment - assign object b to label a (1) - a += b Roughly equivalent to a = a + b (2) - a -= b Roughly equivalent to a = a - b (2) - a *= b Roughly equivalent to a = a * b (2) - a /= b Roughly equivalent to a = a / b (2) - a %= b Roughly equivalent to a = a % b (2) - a **= b Roughly equivalent to a = a ** b (2) - a &= b Roughly equivalent to a = a & b (2) - a |= b Roughly equivalent to a = a | b (2) - a ^= b Roughly equivalent to a = a ^ b (2) - a >>= b Roughly equivalent to a = a >> b (2) - a <<= b Roughly equivalent to a = a << b (2) - - Notes : - (1) Can unpack tuples, lists, and strings. - first, second = a[0:2]; [f, s] = range(2); c1,c2,c3='abc' - Tip: x,y = y,x swaps x and y. - (2) Not exactly equivalent - a is evaluated only once. Also, where - possible, operation performed in-place - a is modified rather than - replaced. - - Control Flow - - if condition: suite - [elif condition: suite]* - [else: suite] -- usual if/else_if/else statement - while condition: suite - [else: suite] - -- usual while statement. "else" suite is executed - after loop exits, unless the loop is exited with - "break" - for element in sequence: suite - [else: suite] - -- iterates over sequence, assigning each element to element. - Use built-in range function to iterate a number of times. - "else" suite executed at end unless loop exited - with "break" - break -- immediately exits "for" or "while" loop - continue -- immediately does next iteration of "for" or "while" loop - return [result] -- Exits from function (or method) and returns result (use a tuple to - return more than one value). If no result given, then returns None. - yield result -- Freezes the execution frame of a generator and returns the result - to the iterator's .__next__() method. Upon the next call to __next__(), - resumes execution at the frozen point with all of the local variables - still intact. - - Exception Statements - - assert expr[, message] - -- expr is evaluated. if false, raises exception AssertionError - with message. Inhibited if __debug__ is 0. - try: suite1 - [except [exception [, value]: suite2]+ - [else: suite3] - -- statements in suite1 are executed. If an exception occurs, look - in "except" clauses for matching <exception>. If matches or bare - "except" execute suite of that clause. If no exception happens - suite in "else" clause is executed after suite1. - If exception has a value, it is put in value. - exception can also be tuple of exceptions, e.g. - "except (KeyError, NameError), val: print val" - try: suite1 - finally: suite2 - -- statements in suite1 are executed. If no - exception, execute suite2 (even if suite1 is - exited with a "return", "break" or "continue" - statement). If exception did occur, executes - suite2 and then immediately reraises exception. - raise exception [,value [, traceback]] - -- raises exception with optional value - value. Arg traceback specifies a traceback object to - use when printing the exception's backtrace. - raise -- a raise statement without arguments re-raises - the last exception raised in the current function -An exception is either a string (object) or a class instance. - Can create a new one simply by creating a new string: - - my_exception = 'You did something wrong' - try: - if bad: - raise my_exception, bad - except my_exception, value: - print 'Oops', value - -Exception classes must be derived from the predefined class: Exception, e.g.: - class text_exception(Exception): pass - try: - if bad: - raise text_exception() - # This is a shorthand for the form - # "raise <class>, <instance>" - except Exception: - print 'Oops' - # This will be printed because - # text_exception is a subclass of Exception -When an error message is printed for an unhandled exception which is a -class, the class name is printed, then a colon and a space, and -finally the instance converted to a string using the built-in function -str(). -All built-in exception classes derives from Exception, itself -derived from BaseException. - -Name Space Statements - -[1.51: On Mac & Windows, the case of module file names must now match the case -as used - in the import statement] -Packages (>1.5): a package is a name space which maps to a directory including - module(s) and the special initialization module '__init__.py' - (possibly empty). Packages/dirs can be nested. You address a - module's symbol via '[package.[package...]module.symbol's. -import module1 [as name1] [, module2]* - -- imports modules. Members of module must be - referred to by qualifying with [package.]module name: - "import sys; print sys.argv:" - "import package1.subpackage.module; package1.subpackage.module.foo()" - module1 renamed as name1, if supplied. -from module import name1 [as othername1] [, name2]* - -- imports names from module module in current namespace. - "from sys import argv; print argv" - "from package1 import module; module.foo()" - "from package1.module import foo; foo()" - name1 renamed as othername1, if supplied. -from module import * - -- imports all names in module, except those starting with "_"; - *to be used sparsely, beware of name clashes* : - "from sys import *; print argv" - "from package.module import *; print x' - NB: "from package import *" only imports the symbols defined - in the package's __init__.py file, not those in the - template modules! -global name1 [, name2]* - -- names are from global scope (usually meaning from module) - rather than local (usually meaning only in function). - -- E.g. in fct without "global" statements, assuming - "a" is name that hasn't been used in fct or module - so far: - -Try to read from "a" -> NameError - -Try to write to "a" -> creates "a" local to fcn - -If "a" not defined in fct, but is in module, then - -Try to read from "a", gets value from module - -Try to write to "a", creates "a" local to fct - But note "a[0]=3" starts with search for "a", - will use to global "a" if no local "a". - -Function Definition - -def func_id ([param_list]): suite - -- Creates a function object & binds it to name func_id. - - param_list ::= [id [, id]*] - id ::= value | id = value | *id | **id - [Args are passed by value.Thus only args representing a mutable object - can be modified (are inout parameters). Use a tuple to return more than - one value] - -Example: - def test (p1, p2 = 1+1, *rest, **keywords): - -- Parameters with "=" have default value (v is - evaluated when function defined). - If list has "*id" then id is assigned a tuple of - all remaining args passed to function (like C vararg) - If list has "**id" then id is assigned a dictionary of - all extra arguments passed as keywords. - -Class Definition - -class <class_id> [(<super_class1> [,<super_class2>]*)]: <suite> - -- Creates a class object and assigns it name <class_id> - <suite> may contain local "defs" of class methods and - assignments to class attributes. -Example: - class my_class (class1, class_list[3]): ... - Creates a class object inheriting from both "class1" and whatever - class object "class_list[3]" evaluates to. Assigns new - class object to name "my_class". - - First arg to class methods is always instance object, called 'self' - by convention. - - Special method __init__() is called when instance is created. - - Special method __del__() called when no more reference to object. - - Create instance by "calling" class object, possibly with arg - (thus instance=apply(aClassObject, args...) creates an instance!) - - In current implementation, can't subclass off built-in - classes. But can "wrap" them, see UserDict & UserList modules, - and see __getattr__() below. -Example: - class c (c_parent): - def __init__(self, name): self.name = name - def print_name(self): print "I'm", self.name - def call_parent(self): c_parent.print_name(self) - instance = c('tom') - print instance.name - 'tom' - instance.print_name() - "I'm tom" - Call parent's super class by accessing parent's method - directly and passing "self" explicitly (see "call_parent" - in example above). - Many other special methods available for implementing - arithmetic operators, sequence, mapping indexing, etc. - -Documentation Strings - -Modules, classes and functions may be documented by placing a string literal by -itself as the first statement in the suite. The documentation can be retrieved -by getting the '__doc__' attribute from the module, class or function. -Example: - class C: - "A description of C" - def __init__(self): - "A description of the constructor" - # etc. -Then c.__doc__ == "A description of C". -Then c.__init__.__doc__ == "A description of the constructor". - -Others - -lambda [param_list]: returnedExpr - -- Creates an anonymous function. returnedExpr must be - an expression, not a statement (e.g., not "if xx:...", - "print xxx", etc.) and thus can't contain newlines. - Used mostly for filter(), map() functions, and GUI callbacks.. -List comprehensions -result = [expression for item1 in sequence1 [if condition1] - [for item2 in sequence2 ... for itemN in sequenceN] - ] -is equivalent to: -result = [] -for item1 in sequence1: - for item2 in sequence2: - ... - for itemN in sequenceN: - if (condition1) and furthur conditions: - result.append(expression) - - - -Built-In Functions - - Built-In Functions - Function Result -__import__(name[, Imports module within the given context (see lib ref for -globals[, locals[, more details) -fromlist]]]) -abs(x) Return the absolute value of number x. -bool(x) Returns True when the argument x is true and False otherwise. -buffer(obj) Creates a buffer reference to an object. -chr(i) Returns one-character string whose ASCII code isinteger i -classmethod(f) Converts a function f, into a method with the class as the - first argument. Useful for creating alternative constructors. -cmp(x,y) Returns negative, 0, positive if x <, ==, > to y -compile(string, from which the code was read, or eg. '<string>'if not read -filename, kind) from file.kind can be 'eval' if string is a single stmt, or - 'single' which prints the output of expression statements - that evaluate to something else than None, or be 'exec'. -complex(real[, Builds a complex object (can also be done using J or j -image]) suffix,e.g. 1+3J) -delattr(obj, name) deletes attribute named name of object obj <=> del obj.name - If no args, returns the list of names in current -dict([items]) Create a new dictionary from the specified item list. -dir([object]) local symbol table. With a module, class or class - instance object as arg, returns list of names in its attr. - dict. -divmod(a,b) Returns tuple of (a/b, a%b) -enumerate(seq) Return a iterator giving: (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), ... -eval(s[, globals[, Eval string s in (optional) globals, locals contexts.s must -locals]]) have no NUL's or newlines. s can also be acode object. - Example: x = 1; incr_x = eval('x + 1') -filter(function, Constructs a list from those elements of sequence for which -sequence) function returns true. function takes one parameter. -float(x) Converts a number or a string to floating point. -getattr(object, [<default> arg added in 1.5.2]Gets attribute called name -name[, default])) from object,e.g. getattr(x, 'f') <=> x.f). If not found, - raises AttributeError or returns default if specified. -globals() Returns a dictionary containing current global variables. -hasattr(object, Returns true if object has attr called name. -name) -hash(object) Returns the hash value of the object (if it has one) -help(f) Display documentation on object f. -hex(x) Converts a number x to a hexadecimal string. -id(object) Returns a unique 'identity' integer for an object. -int(x[, base]) base paramenter specifies base from which to convert string - values. -isinstance(obj, Returns true if obj is an instance of class. Ifissubclass -class) (A,B) then isinstance(x,A) => isinstance(x,B) -issubclass(class1, returns true if class1 is derived from class2 -class2) - Returns the length (the number of items) of an object -iter(collection) Returns an iterator over the collection. -len(obj) (sequence, dictionary, or instance of class implementing - __len__). -list(sequence) Converts sequence into a list. If already a list,returns a - copy of it. -locals() Returns a dictionary containing current local variables. - Applies function to every item of list and returns a listof -map(function, list, the results. If additional arguments are passed,function -...) must take that many arguments and it is givento function on - each call. -max(seq) Returns the largest item of the non-empty sequence seq. -min(seq) Returns the smallest item of a non-empty sequence seq. -oct(x) Converts a number to an octal string. -open(filename [, Returns a new file object. First two args are same asthose -mode='r', [bufsize= for C's "stdio open" function. bufsize is 0for unbuffered, -implementation 1 for line-buffered, negative forsys-default, all else, of -dependent]]) (about) given size. -ord(c) Returns integer ASCII value of c (a string of len 1). Works - with Unicode char. -object() Create a base type. Used as a superclass for new-style objects. -open(name Open a file. - [, mode - [, buffering]]) -pow(x, y [, z]) Returns x to power y [modulo z]. See also ** operator. -property() Created a property with access controlled by functions. -range(start [,end Returns list of ints from >= start and < end. With 1 arg, -[, step]]) list from 0..arg-1. With 2 args, list from start..end-1. - With 3 args, list from start up to end by step - after fixing it. -repr(object) Returns a string containing a printable and if possible - evaluable representation of an object. - Class redefinable (__repr__). See also str(). -round(x, n=0) Returns the floating point value x rounded to n digitsafter - the decimal point. -setattr(object, This is the counterpart of getattr(). setattr(o, 'foobar', -name, value) 3) <=> o.foobar = 3. Creates attribute if it doesn't exist! -slice([start,] stop Returns a slice object representing a range, with R/ -[, step]) O attributes: start, stop, step. -staticmethod() Convert a function to method with no self or class - argument. Useful for methods associated with a class that - do not need access to an object's internal state. -str(object) Returns a string containing a nicely - printable representation of an object. Class overridable - (__str__).See also repr(). -super(type) Create an unbound super object. Used to call cooperative - superclass methods. -sum(sequence, Add the values in the sequence and return the sum. - [start]) -tuple(sequence) Creates a tuple with same elements as sequence. If already - a tuple, return itself (not a copy). - Returns a type object [see module types] representing - thetype of obj. Example: import typesif type(x) == -type(obj) types.StringType: print 'It is a string'NB: it is - recommanded to use the following form:if isinstance(x, - types.StringType): etc... -unichr(code) code. -unicode(string[, Creates a Unicode string from a 8-bit string, using -encoding[, error thegiven encoding name and error treatment ('strict', -]]]) 'ignore',or 'replace'}. - Without arguments, returns a dictionary correspondingto the - current local symbol table. With a module,class or class -vars([object]) instance object as argumentreturns a dictionary - corresponding to the object'ssymbol table. Useful with "%" - formatting operator. -zip(seq1[, seq2, Returns an iterator of tuples where each tuple contains -...]) the nth element of each of the argument sequences. - - - -Built-In Exceptions - -Exception> - Root class for all exceptions - SystemExit - On 'sys.exit()' - StopIteration - Signal the end from iterator.__next__() - ArithmeticError - Base class for OverflowError, ZeroDivisionError, - FloatingPointError - FloatingPointError - When a floating point operation fails. - OverflowError - On excessively large arithmetic operation - ZeroDivisionError - On division or modulo operation with 0 as 2nd arg - AssertionError - When an assert statement fails. - AttributeError - On attribute reference or assignment failure - EnvironmentError [new in 1.5.2] - On error outside Python; error arg tuple is (errno, errMsg...) - IOError [changed in 1.5.2] - I/O-related operation failure - OSError [new in 1.5.2] - used by the os module's os.error exception. - EOFError - Immediate end-of-file hit by input() or raw_input() - ImportError - On failure of `import' to find module or name - KeyboardInterrupt - On user entry of the interrupt key (often `Control-C') - LookupError - base class for IndexError, KeyError - IndexError - On out-of-range sequence subscript - KeyError - On reference to a non-existent mapping (dict) key - MemoryError - On recoverable memory exhaustion - NameError - On failure to find a local or global (unqualified) name - RuntimeError - Obsolete catch-all; define a suitable error instead - NotImplementedError [new in 1.5.2] - On method not implemented - SyntaxError - On parser encountering a syntax error - IndentationError - On parser encountering an indentation syntax error - TabError - On parser encountering an indentation syntax error - SystemError - On non-fatal interpreter error - bug - report it - TypeError - On passing inappropriate type to built-in op or func - ValueError - On arg error not covered by TypeError or more precise - Warning - UserWarning - DeprecationWarning - PendingDeprecationWarning - SyntaxWarning - RuntimeWarning - FutureWarning - - - -Standard methods & operators redefinition in classes - -Standard methods & operators map to special '__methods__' and thus may be - redefined (mostly in user-defined classes), e.g.: - class x: - def __init__(self, v): self.value = v - def __add__(self, r): return self.value + r - a = x(3) # sort of like calling x.__init__(a, 3) - a + 4 # is equivalent to a.__add__(4) - -Special methods for any class - -(s: self, o: other) - __init__(s, args) instance initialization (on construction) - __del__(s) called on object demise (refcount becomes 0) - __repr__(s) repr() and `...` conversions - __str__(s) str() and 'print' statement - __cmp__(s, o) Compares s to o and returns <0, 0, or >0. - Implements >, <, == etc... - __hash__(s) Compute a 32 bit hash code; hash() and dictionary ops - __bool__(s) Returns False or True for truth value testing - __getattr__(s, name) called when attr lookup doesn't find <name> - __setattr__(s, name, val) called when setting an attr - (inside, don't use "self.name = value" - use "self.__dict__[name] = val") - __delattr__(s, name) called to delete attr <name> - __call__(self, *args) called when an instance is called as function. - -Operators - - See list in the operator module. Operator function names are provided with - 2 variants, with or without - ading & trailing '__' (eg. __add__ or add). - - Numeric operations special methods - (s: self, o: other) - - s+o = __add__(s,o) s-o = __sub__(s,o) - s*o = __mul__(s,o) s/o = __div__(s,o) - s%o = __mod__(s,o) divmod(s,o) = __divmod__(s,o) - s**o = __pow__(s,o) - s&o = __and__(s,o) - s^o = __xor__(s,o) s|o = __or__(s,o) - s<<o = __lshift__(s,o) s>>o = __rshift__(s,o) - bool(s) = __bool__(s) (used in boolean testing) - -s = __neg__(s) +s = __pos__(s) - abs(s) = __abs__(s) ~s = __invert__(s) (bitwise) - s+=o = __iadd__(s,o) s-=o = __isub__(s,o) - s*=o = __imul__(s,o) s/=o = __idiv__(s,o) - s%=o = __imod__(s,o) - s**=o = __ipow__(s,o) - s&=o = __iand__(s,o) - s^=o = __ixor__(s,o) s|=o = __ior__(s,o) - s<<=o = __ilshift__(s,o) s>>=o = __irshift__(s,o) - Conversions - int(s) = __int__(s) - float(s) = __float__(s) complex(s) = __complex__(s) - oct(s) = __oct__(s) hex(s) = __hex__(s) - Right-hand-side equivalents for all binary operators exist; - are called when class instance is on r-h-s of operator: - a + 3 calls __add__(a, 3) - 3 + a calls __radd__(a, 3) - - All seqs and maps, general operations plus: - (s: self, i: index or key) - - len(s) = __len__(s) length of object, >= 0. Length 0 == false - s[i] = __getitem__(s,i) Element at index/key i, origin 0 - - Sequences, general methods, plus: - s[i]=v = __setitem__(s,i,v) - del s[i] = __delitem__(s,i) - s[i:j] = __getslice__(s,i,j) - s[i:j]=seq = __setslice__(s,i,j,seq) - del s[i:j] = __delslice__(s,i,j) == s[i:j] = [] - seq * n = __repeat__(seq, n) - s1 + s2 = __concat__(s1, s2) - i in s = __contains__(s, i) - Mappings, general methods, plus - hash(s) = __hash__(s) - hash value for dictionary references - s[k]=v = __setitem__(s,k,v) - del s[k] = __delitem__(s,k) - -Special informative state attributes for some types: - - Modules: - __doc__ (string/None, R/O): doc string (<=> __dict__['__doc__']) - __name__(string, R/O): module name (also in __dict__['__name__']) - __dict__ (dict, R/O): module's name space - __file__(string/undefined, R/O): pathname of .pyc, .pyo or .pyd (undef for - modules statically linked to the interpreter) - - Classes: [in bold: writable since 1.5.2] - __doc__ (string/None, R/W): doc string (<=> __dict__['__doc__']) - __module__ is the module name in which the class was defined - __name__(string, R/W): class name (also in __dict__['__name__']) - __bases__ (tuple, R/W): parent classes - __dict__ (dict, R/W): attributes (class name space) - - Instances: - __class__ (class, R/W): instance's class - __dict__ (dict, R/W): attributes - - User-defined functions: [bold: writable since 1.5.2] - __doc__ (string/None, R/W): doc string - __name__(string, R/O): function name - func_doc (R/W): same as __doc__ - func_name (R/O): same as __name__ - func_defaults (tuple/None, R/W): default args values if any - func_code (code, R/W): code object representing the compiled function body - func_globals (dict, R/O): ref to dictionary of func global variables - func_dict (dict, R/W): same as __dict__ contains the namespace supporting - arbitrary function attributes - func_closure (R/O): None or a tuple of cells that contain bindings - for the function's free variables. - - - User-defined Methods: - __doc__ (string/None, R/O): doc string - __name__(string, R/O): method name (same as im_func.__name__) - im_class (class, R/O): class defining the method (may be a base class) - im_self (instance/None, R/O): target instance object (None if unbound) - im_func (function, R/O): function object - - Built-in Functions & methods: - __doc__ (string/None, R/O): doc string - __name__ (string, R/O): function name - __self__ : [methods only] target object - - Codes: - co_name (string, R/O): function name - co_argcount (int, R/0): number of positional args - co_nlocals (int, R/O): number of local vars (including args) - co_varnames (tuple, R/O): names of local vars (starting with args) - co_cellvars (tuple, R/O)) the names of local variables referenced by - nested functions - co_freevars (tuple, R/O)) names of free variables - co_code (string, R/O): sequence of bytecode instructions - co_consts (tuple, R/O): litterals used by the bytecode, 1st one is - fct doc (or None) - co_names (tuple, R/O): names used by the bytecode - co_filename (string, R/O): filename from which the code was compiled - co_firstlineno (int, R/O): first line number of the function - co_lnotab (string, R/O): string encoding bytecode offsets to line numbers. - co_stacksize (int, R/O): required stack size (including local vars) - co_flags (int, R/O): flags for the interpreter - bit 2 set if fct uses "*arg" syntax - bit 3 set if fct uses '**keywords' syntax - Frames: - f_back (frame/None, R/O): previous stack frame (toward the caller) - f_code (code, R/O): code object being executed in this frame - f_locals (dict, R/O): local vars - f_globals (dict, R/O): global vars - f_builtins (dict, R/O): built-in (intrinsic) names - f_restricted (int, R/O): flag indicating whether fct is executed in - restricted mode - f_lineno (int, R/O): current line number - f_lasti (int, R/O): precise instruction (index into bytecode) - f_trace (function/None, R/W): debug hook called at start of each source line - Tracebacks: - tb_next (frame/None, R/O): next level in stack trace (toward the frame where - the exception occurred) - tb_frame (frame, R/O): execution frame of the current level - tb_lineno (int, R/O): line number where the exception occurred - tb_lasti (int, R/O): precise instruction (index into bytecode) - - Slices: - start (any/None, R/O): lowerbound - stop (any/None, R/O): upperbound - step (any/None, R/O): step value - - Complex numbers: - real (float, R/O): real part - imag (float, R/O): imaginary part - - -Important Modules - - sys - - Some sys variables - Variable Content -argv The list of command line arguments passed to aPython - script. sys.argv[0] is the script name. -builtin_module_names A list of strings giving the names of all moduleswritten - in C that are linked into this interpreter. -check_interval How often to check for thread switches or signals(measured - in number of virtual machine instructions) -last_type, Set only when an exception not handled andinterpreter -last_value, prints an error. Used by debuggers. -last_traceback -maxint maximum positive value for integers -modules Dictionary of modules that have already been loaded. -path Search path for external modules. Can be modifiedby - program. sys.path[0] == dir of script executing -platform The current platform, e.g. "sunos5", "win32" -ps1, ps2 prompts to use in interactive mode. - File objects used for I/O. One can redirect byassigning a -stdin, stdout, new file object to them (or any object:.with a method -stderr write(string) for stdout/stderr,.with a method readline() - for stdin) -version string containing version info about Python interpreter. - (and also: copyright, dllhandle, exec_prefix, prefix) -version_info tuple containing Python version info - (major, minor, - micro, level, serial). - - Some sys functions - Function Result -exit(n) Exits with status n. Raises SystemExit exception.(Hence can - be caught and ignored by program) -getrefcount(object Returns the reference count of the object. Generally one -) higher than you might expect, because of object arg temp - reference. -setcheckinterval( Sets the interpreter's thread switching interval (in number -interval) of virtual code instructions, default:100). -settrace(func) Sets a trace function: called before each line ofcode is - exited. -setprofile(func) Sets a profile function for performance profiling. - Info on exception currently being handled; this is atuple - (exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback).Warning: assigning the -exc_info() traceback return value to a local variable in a - function handling an exception will cause a circular - reference. -setdefaultencoding Change default Unicode encoding - defaults to 7-bit ASCII. -(encoding) -getrecursionlimit Retrieve maximum recursion depth. -() -setrecursionlimit Set maximum recursion depth. (Defaults to 1000.) -() - - - - os -"synonym" for whatever O/S-specific module is proper for current environment. -this module uses posix whenever possible. -(see also M.A. Lemburg's utility http://www.lemburg.com/files/python/ -platform.py) - - Some os variables - Variable Meaning -name name of O/S-specific module (e.g. "posix", "mac", "nt") -path O/S-specific module for path manipulations. - On Unix, os.path.split() <=> posixpath.split() -curdir string used to represent current directory ('.') -pardir string used to represent parent directory ('..') -sep string used to separate directories ('/' or '\'). Tip: use - os.path.join() to build portable paths. -altsep Alternate sep -if applicable (None -otherwise) -pathsep character used to separate search path components (as in - $PATH), eg. ';' for windows. -linesep line separator as used in binary files, ie '\n' on Unix, '\ - r\n' on Dos/Win, '\r' - - Some os functions - Function Result -makedirs(path[, Recursive directory creation (create required intermediary -mode=0777]) dirs); os.error if fails. -removedirs(path) Recursive directory delete (delete intermediary empty - dirs); if fails. -renames(old, new) Recursive directory or file renaming; os.error if fails. - - - - posix -don't import this module directly, import os instead ! -(see also module: shutil for file copy & remove fcts) - - posix Variables -Variable Meaning -environ dictionary of environment variables, e.g.posix.environ['HOME']. -error exception raised on POSIX-related error. - Corresponding value is tuple of errno code and perror() string. - - Some posix functions - Function Result -chdir(path) Changes current directory to path. -chmod(path, Changes the mode of path to the numeric mode -mode) -close(fd) Closes file descriptor fd opened with posix.open. -_exit(n) Immediate exit, with no cleanups, no SystemExit,etc. Should use - this to exit a child process. -execv(p, args) "Become" executable p with args args -getcwd() Returns a string representing the current working directory -getpid() Returns the current process id -fork() Like C's fork(). Returns 0 to child, child pid to parent.[Not - on Windows] -kill(pid, Like C's kill [Not on Windows] -signal) -listdir(path) Lists (base)names of entries in directory path, excluding '.' - and '..' -lseek(fd, pos, Sets current position in file fd to position pos, expressedas -how) an offset relative to beginning of file (how=0), tocurrent - position (how=1), or to end of file (how=2) -mkdir(path[, Creates a directory named path with numeric mode (default 0777) -mode]) -open(file, Like C's open(). Returns file descriptor. Use file object -flags, mode) fctsrather than this low level ones. -pipe() Creates a pipe. Returns pair of file descriptors (r, w) [Not on - Windows]. -popen(command, Opens a pipe to or from command. Result is a file object to -mode='r', read to orwrite from, as indicated by mode being 'r' or 'w'. -bufSize=0) Use it to catch acommand output ('r' mode) or to feed it ('w' - mode). -remove(path) See unlink. -rename(src, dst Renames/moves the file or directory src to dst. [error iftarget -) name already exists] -rmdir(path) Removes the empty directory path -read(fd, n) Reads n bytes from file descriptor fd and return as string. - Returns st_mode, st_ino, st_dev, st_nlink, st_uid,st_gid, -stat(path) st_size, st_atime, st_mtime, st_ctime.[st_ino, st_uid, st_gid - are dummy on Windows] -system(command) Executes string command in a subshell. Returns exitstatus of - subshell (usually 0 means OK). - Returns accumulated CPU times in sec (user, system, children's -times() user,children's sys, elapsed real time). [3 last not on - Windows] -unlink(path) Unlinks ("deletes") the file (not dir!) path. same as: remove -utime(path, ( Sets the access & modified time of the file to the given tuple -aTime, mTime)) of values. -wait() Waits for child process completion. Returns tuple ofpid, - exit_status [Not on Windows] -waitpid(pid, Waits for process pid to complete. Returns tuple ofpid, -options) exit_status [Not on Windows] -write(fd, str) Writes str to file fd. Returns nb of bytes written. - - - - posixpath -Do not import this module directly, import os instead and refer to this module -as os.path. (e.g. os.path.exists(p)) ! - - Some posixpath functions - Function Result -abspath(p) Returns absolute path for path p, taking current working dir in - account. -dirname/ -basename(p directory and name parts of the path p. See also split. -) -exists(p) True if string p is an existing path (file or directory) -expanduser Returns string that is (a copy of) p with "~" expansion done. -(p) -expandvars Returns string that is (a copy of) p with environment vars expanded. -(p) [Windows: case significant; must use Unix: $var notation, not %var%] -getsize( return the size in bytes of filename. raise os.error. -filename) -getmtime( return last modification time of filename (integer nb of seconds -filename) since epoch). -getatime( return last access time of filename (integer nb of seconds since -filename) epoch). -isabs(p) True if string p is an absolute path. -isdir(p) True if string p is a directory. -islink(p) True if string p is a symbolic link. -ismount(p) True if string p is a mount point [true for all dirs on Windows]. -join(p[,q Joins one or more path components intelligently. -[,...]]) - Splits p into (head, tail) where tail is lastpathname component and -split(p) <head> is everything leadingup to that. <=> (dirname(p), basename - (p)) -splitdrive Splits path p in a pair ('drive:', tail) [Windows] -(p) -splitext(p Splits into (root, ext) where last comp of root contains no periods -) and ext is empty or startswith a period. - Calls the function visit with arguments(arg, dirname, names) for - each directory recursively inthe directory tree rooted at p -walk(p, (including p itself if it's a dir)The argument dirname specifies the -visit, arg visited directory, the argumentnames lists the files in the -) directory. The visit function maymodify names to influence the set - of directories visited belowdirname, e.g., to avoid visiting certain - parts of the tree. - - - - shutil -high-level file operations (copying, deleting). - - Main shutil functions - Function Result -copy(src, dst) Copies the contents of file src to file dst, retaining file - permissions. -copytree(src, dst Recursively copies an entire directory tree rooted at src -[, symlinks]) into dst (which should not already exist). If symlinks is - true, links insrc are kept as such in dst. -rmtree(path[, Deletes an entire directory tree, ignoring errors if -ignore_errors[, ignore_errors true,or calling onerror(func, path, -onerror]]) sys.exc_info()) if supplied with - -(and also: copyfile, copymode, copystat, copy2) - -time - - Variables -Variable Meaning -altzone signed offset of local DST timezone in sec west of the 0th meridian. -daylight nonzero if a DST timezone is specified - - Functions - Function Result -time() return a float representing UTC time in seconds since the epoch. -gmtime(secs), return a tuple representing time : (year aaaa, month(1-12),day -localtime( (1-31), hour(0-23), minute(0-59), second(0-59), weekday(0-6, 0 is -secs) monday), Julian day(1-366), daylight flag(-1,0 or 1)) -asctime( -timeTuple), -strftime( -format, return a formatted string representing time. -timeTuple) -mktime(tuple) inverse of localtime(). Return a float. -strptime( parse a formatted string representing time, return tuple as in -string[, gmtime(). -format]) -sleep(secs) Suspend execution for <secs> seconds. <secs> can be a float. - -and also: clock, ctime. - - string - -As of Python 2.0, much (though not all) of the functionality provided by the -string module have been superseded by built-in string methods - see Operations -on strings for details. - - Some string variables - Variable Meaning -digits The string '0123456789' -hexdigits, octdigits legal hexadecimal & octal digits -letters, uppercase, lowercase, Strings containing the appropriate -whitespace characters -index_error Exception raised by index() if substr not - found. - - Some string functions - Function Result -expandtabs(s, returns a copy of string <s> with tabs expanded. -tabSize) -find/rfind(s, sub Return the lowest/highest index in <s> where the substring -[, start=0[, end= <sub> is found such that <sub> is wholly contained ins -0]) [start:end]. Return -1 if <sub> not found. -ljust/rjust/center Return a copy of string <s> left/right justified/centerd in -(s, width) afield of given width, padded with spaces. <s> is - nevertruncated. -lower/upper(s) Return a string that is (a copy of) <s> in lowercase/ - uppercase -split(s[, sep= Return a list containing the words of the string <s>,using -whitespace[, the string <sep> as a separator. -maxsplit=0]]) -join(words[, sep=' Concatenate a list or tuple of words with -']) interveningseparators; inverse of split. -replace(s, old, Returns a copy of string <s> with all occurrences of -new[, maxsplit=0] substring<old> replaced by <new>. Limits to <maxsplit> - firstsubstitutions if specified. -strip(s) Return a string that is (a copy of) <s> without leadingand - trailing whitespace. see also lstrip, rstrip. - - - - re (sre) - -Handles Unicode strings. Implemented in new module sre, re now a mere front-end -for compatibility. -Patterns are specified as strings. Tip: Use raw strings (e.g. r'\w*') to -litteralize backslashes. - - - Regular expression syntax - Form Description -. matches any character (including newline if DOTALL flag specified) -^ matches start of the string (of every line in MULTILINE mode) -$ matches end of the string (of every line in MULTILINE mode) -* 0 or more of preceding regular expression (as many as possible) -+ 1 or more of preceding regular expression (as many as possible) -? 0 or 1 occurrence of preceding regular expression -*?, +?, ?? Same as *, + and ? but matches as few characters as possible -{m,n} matches from m to n repetitions of preceding RE -{m,n}? idem, attempting to match as few repetitions as possible -[ ] defines character set: e.g. '[a-zA-Z]' to match all letters(see also - \w \S) -[^ ] defines complemented character set: matches if char is NOT in set - escapes special chars '*?+&$|()' and introduces special sequences -\ (see below). Due to Python string rules, write as '\\' orr'\' in the - pattern string. -\\ matches a litteral '\'; due to Python string rules, write as '\\\\ - 'in pattern string, or better using raw string: r'\\'. -| specifies alternative: 'foo|bar' matches 'foo' or 'bar' -(...) matches any RE inside (), and delimits a group. -(?:...) idem but doesn't delimit a group. - matches if ... matches next, but doesn't consume any of the string -(?=...) e.g. 'Isaac (?=Asimov)' matches 'Isaac' only if followed by - 'Asimov'. -(?!...) matches if ... doesn't match next. Negative of (?=...) -(?P<name matches any RE inside (), and delimits a named group. (e.g. r'(?P ->...) <id>[a-zA-Z_]\w*)' defines a group named id) -(?P=name) matches whatever text was matched by the earlier group named name. -(?#...) A comment; ignored. -(?letter) letter is one of 'i','L', 'm', 's', 'x'. Set the corresponding flags - (re.I, re.L, re.M, re.S, re.X) for the entire RE. - - Special sequences -Sequence Description -number matches content of the group of the same number; groups are numbered - starting from 1 -\A matches only at the start of the string -\b empty str at beg or end of word: '\bis\b' matches 'is', but not 'his' -\B empty str NOT at beginning or end of word -\d any decimal digit (<=> [0-9]) -\D any non-decimal digit char (<=> [^O-9]) -\s any whitespace char (<=> [ \t\n\r\f\v]) -\S any non-whitespace char (<=> [^ \t\n\r\f\v]) -\w any alphaNumeric char (depends on LOCALE flag) -\W any non-alphaNumeric char (depends on LOCALE flag) -\Z matches only at the end of the string - - Variables -Variable Meaning -error Exception when pattern string isn't a valid regexp. - - Functions - Function Result - Compile a RE pattern string into a regular expression object. - Flags (combinable by |): - - I or IGNORECASE or (?i) - case insensitive matching -compile( L or LOCALE or (?L) -pattern[, make \w, \W, \b, \B dependent on thecurrent locale -flags=0]) M or MULTILINE or (?m) - matches every new line and not onlystart/end of the whole - string - S or DOTALL or (?s) - '.' matches ALL chars, including newline - X or VERBOSE or (?x) - Ignores whitespace outside character sets -escape(string) return (a copy of) string with all non-alphanumerics - backslashed. -match(pattern, if 0 or more chars at beginning of <string> match the RE pattern -string[, flags string,return a corresponding MatchObject instance, or None if -]) no match. -search(pattern scan thru <string> for a location matching <pattern>, return -, string[, acorresponding MatchObject instance, or None if no match. -flags]) -split(pattern, split <string> by occurrences of <pattern>. If capturing () are -string[, used inpattern, then occurrences of patterns or subpatterns are -maxsplit=0]) also returned. -findall( return a list of non-overlapping matches in <pattern>, either a -pattern, list ofgroups or a list of tuples if the pattern has more than 1 -string) group. - return string obtained by replacing the (<count> first) lefmost -sub(pattern, non-overlapping occurrences of <pattern> (a string or a RE -repl, string[, object) in <string>by <repl>; <repl> can be a string or a fct -count=0]) called with a single MatchObj arg, which must return the - replacement string. -subn(pattern, -repl, string[, same as sub(), but returns a tuple (newString, numberOfSubsMade) -count=0]) - -Regular Expression Objects - - -(RE objects are returned by the compile fct) - - re object attributes -Attribute Descrition -flags flags arg used when RE obj was compiled, or 0 if none provided -groupindex dictionary of {group name: group number} in pattern -pattern pattern string from which RE obj was compiled - - re object methods - Method Result - If zero or more characters at the beginning of string match this - regular expression, return a corresponding MatchObject instance. - Return None if the string does not match the pattern; note that - this is different from a zero-length match. - The optional second parameter pos gives an index in the string -match( where the search is to start; it defaults to 0. This is not -string[, completely equivalent to slicing the string; the '' pattern -pos][, character matches at the real beginning of the string and at -endpos]) positions just after a newline, but not necessarily at the index - where the search is to start. - The optional parameter endpos limits how far the string will be - searched; it will be as if the string is endpos characters long, so - only the characters from pos to endpos will be searched for a - match. - Scan through string looking for a location where this regular -search( expression produces a match, and return a corresponding MatchObject -string[, instance. Return None if no position in the string matches the -pos][, pattern; note that this is different from finding a zero-length -endpos]) match at some point in the string. - The optional pos and endpos parameters have the same meaning as for - the match() method. -split( -string[, Identical to the split() function, using the compiled pattern. -maxsplit= -0]) -findall( Identical to the findall() function, using the compiled pattern. -string) -sub(repl, -string[, Identical to the sub() function, using the compiled pattern. -count=0]) -subn(repl, -string[, Identical to the subn() function, using the compiled pattern. -count=0]) - -Match Objects - - -(Match objects are returned by the match & search functions) - - Match object attributes -Attribute Description -pos value of pos passed to search or match functions; index intostring at - which RE engine started search. -endpos value of endpos passed to search or match functions; index intostring - beyond which RE engine won't go. -re RE object whose match or search fct produced this MatchObj instance -string string passed to match() or search() - - Match object functions -Function Result - returns one or more groups of the match. If one arg, result is a -group([g1 string;if multiple args, result is a tuple with one item per arg. If -, g2, gi is 0,return value is entire matching string; if 1 <= gi <= 99, -...]) returnstring matching group #gi (or None if no such group); gi may - also bea group name. - returns a tuple of all groups of the match; groups not -groups() participatingto the match have a value of None. Returns a string - instead of tupleif len(tuple)=1 -start( -group), returns indices of start & end of substring matched by group (or -end(group Noneif group exists but doesn't contribute to the match) -) -span( returns the 2-tuple (start(group), end(group)); can be (None, None)if -group) group didn't contibute to the match. - - - - math - -Variables: -pi -e -Functions (see ordinary C man pages for info): -acos(x) -asin(x) -atan(x) -atan2(x, y) -ceil(x) -cos(x) -cosh(x) -degrees(x) -exp(x) -fabs(x) -floor(x) -fmod(x, y) -frexp(x) -- Unlike C: (float, int) = frexp(float) -ldexp(x, y) -log(x [,base]) -log10(x) -modf(x) -- Unlike C: (float, float) = modf(float) -pow(x, y) -radians(x) -sin(x) -sinh(x) -sqrt(x) -tan(x) -tanh(x) - - getopt - -Functions: -getopt(list, optstr) -- Similar to C. <optstr> is option - letters to look for. Put ':' after letter - if option takes arg. E.g. - # invocation was "python test.py -c hi -a arg1 arg2" - opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ab:c:') - # opts would be - [('-c', 'hi'), ('-a', '')] - # args would be - ['arg1', 'arg2'] - - -List of modules and packages in base distribution - -(built-ins and content of python Lib directory) -(Python NT distribution, may be slightly different in other distributions) - - Standard library modules - Operation Result -aifc Stuff to parse AIFF-C and AIFF files. -asynchat Support for 'chat' style protocols -asyncore Asynchronous File I/O (in select style) -atexit Register functions to be called at exit of Python interpreter. -base64 Conversions to/from base64 RFC-MIME transport encoding . -bdb A generic Python debugger base class. -binhex Macintosh binhex compression/decompression. -bisect List bisection algorithms. -bz2 Support for bz2 compression/decompression. -calendar Calendar printing functions. -cgi Wraps the WWW Forms Common Gateway Interface (CGI). -cgitb Utility for handling CGI tracebacks. -cmd A generic class to build line-oriented command interpreters. -datetime Basic date and time types. -code Utilities needed to emulate Python's interactive interpreter -codecs Lookup existing Unicode encodings and register new ones. -colorsys Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems. -compileall Force "compilation" of all .py files in a directory. -configparser Configuration file parser (much like windows .ini files) -copy Generic shallow and deep copying operations. -copyreg Helper to provide extensibility for pickle/cPickle. -csv Read and write files with comma separated values. -dbm Generic interface to all dbm clones (dbm.bsd, dbm.gnu, - dbm.ndbm, dbm.dumb). -dircache Sorted list of files in a dir, using a cache. -difflib Tool for creating delta between sequences. -dis Bytecode disassembler. -distutils Package installation system. -doctest Tool for running and verifying tests inside doc strings. -dospath Common operations on DOS pathnames. -email Comprehensive support for internet email. -filecmp File comparison. -fileinput Helper class to quickly write a loop over all standard input - files. -fnmatch Filename matching with shell patterns. -formatter A test formatter. -fpformat General floating point formatting functions. -ftplib An FTP client class. Based on RFC 959. -gc Perform garbacge collection, obtain GC debug stats, and tune - GC parameters. -getopt Standard command line processing. See also ftp:// - www.pauahtun.org/pub/getargspy.zip -getpass Utilities to get a password and/or the current user name. -glob filename globbing. -gzip Read & write gzipped files. -heapq Priority queue implemented using lists organized as heaps. -hmac Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication -- RFC 2104. -html.entities HTML entity definitions. -html.parser A parser for HTML and XHTML. -http.client HTTP client class. -http.server HTTP server services. -ihooks Hooks into the "import" mechanism. -imaplib IMAP4 client.Based on RFC 2060. -imghdr Recognizing image files based on their first few bytes. -imputil Privides a way of writing customised import hooks. -inspect Tool for probing live Python objects. -keyword List of Python keywords. -linecache Cache lines from files. -locale Support for number formatting using the current locale - settings. -logging Python logging facility. -macpath Pathname (or related) operations for the Macintosh. -macurl2path Mac specific module for conversion between pathnames and URLs. -mailbox A class to handle a unix-style or mmdf-style mailbox. -mailcap Mailcap file handling (RFC 1524). -mhlib MH (mailbox) interface. -mimetypes Guess the MIME type of a file. -mmap Interface to memory-mapped files - they behave like mutable - strings./font> -multifile Class to make multi-file messages easier to handle. -mutex Mutual exclusion -- for use with module sched. -netrc -nntplib An NNTP client class. Based on RFC 977. -ntpath Common operations on DOS pathnames. -nturl2path Mac specific module for conversion between pathnames and URLs. -optparse A comprehensive tool for processing command line options. -os Either mac, dos or posix depending system. -pdb A Python debugger. -pickle Pickling (save and restore) of Python objects (a faster - Cimplementation exists in built-in module: cPickle). -pipes Conversion pipeline templates. -pkgunil Utilities for working with Python packages. -poplib A POP3 client class. Based on the J. Myers POP3 draft. -posixpath Common operations on POSIX pathnames. -pprint Support to pretty-print lists, tuples, & dictionaries - recursively. -profile Class for profiling python code. -pstats Class for printing reports on profiled python code. -pydoc Utility for generating documentation from source files. -pty Pseudo terminal utilities. -pyexpat Interface to the Expay XML parser. -py_compile Routine to "compile" a .py file to a .pyc file. -pyclbr Parse a Python file and retrieve classes and methods. -queue A multi-producer, multi-consumer queue. -quopri Conversions to/from quoted-printable transport encoding. -random Random variable generators -re Regular Expressions. -reprlib Redo repr() but with limits on most sizes. -rlcompleter Word completion for GNU readline 2.0. -sched A generally useful event scheduler class. -shelve Manage shelves of pickled objects. -shlex Lexical analyzer class for simple shell-like syntaxes. -shutil Utility functions usable in a shell-like program. -site Append module search paths for third-party packages to - sys.path. -smtplib SMTP Client class (RFC 821) -sndhdr Several routines that help recognizing sound. -socketserver Generic socket server classes. -stat Constants and functions for interpreting stat/lstat struct. -statvfs Constants for interpreting statvfs struct as returned by - os.statvfs()and os.fstatvfs() (if they exist). -string A collection of string operations. -sunau Stuff to parse Sun and NeXT audio files. -sunaudio Interpret sun audio headers. -symbol Non-terminal symbols of Python grammar (from "graminit.h"). -tabnanny Check Python source for ambiguous indentation. -tarfile Facility for reading and writing to the *nix tarfile format. -telnetlib TELNET client class. Based on RFC 854. -tempfile Temporary file name allocation. -textwrap Object for wrapping and filling text. -threading Proposed new higher-level threading interfaces -token Tokens (from "token.h"). -tokenize Compiles a regular expression that recognizes Python tokens. -traceback Format and print Python stack traces. -tty Terminal utilities. -turtle LogoMation-like turtle graphics -types Define names for all type symbols in the std interpreter. -tzparse Parse a timezone specification. -unicodedata Interface to unicode properties. -urllib.parse Parse URLs according to latest draft of standard. -urllib.request Open an arbitrary URL. -urllib.robotparser Parse robots.txt files, useful for web spiders. -user Hook to allow user-specified customization code to run. -uu UUencode/UUdecode. -unittest Utilities for implementing unit testing. -wave Stuff to parse WAVE files. -weakref Tools for creating and managing weakly referenced objects. -webbrowser Platform independent URL launcher. -xdrlib Implements (a subset of) Sun XDR (eXternal Data - Representation). -xml.dom Classes for processing XML using the Document Object Model. -xml.sax Classes for processing XML using the SAX API. -xmlrpc.client Support for remote procedure calls using XML. -xmlrpc.server Create XMLRPC servers. -zipfile Read & write PK zipped files. - - - -* Built-ins * - - sys Interpreter state vars and functions - __built-in__ Access to all built-in python identifiers - __main__ Scope of the interpreters main program, script or stdin - array Obj efficiently representing arrays of basic values - math Math functions of C standard - time Time-related functions (also the newer datetime module) - marshal Read and write some python values in binary format - struct Convert between python values and C structs - -* Standard * - - getopt Parse cmd line args in sys.argv. A la UNIX 'getopt'. - os A more portable interface to OS dependent functionality - re Functions useful for working with regular expressions - string Useful string and characters functions and exceptions - random Mersenne Twister pseudo-random number generator - _thread Low-level primitives for working with process threads - threading idem, new recommended interface. - -* Unix/Posix * - - dbm Interface to Unix dbm databases - grp Interface to Unix group database - posix OS functionality standardized by C and POSIX standards - posixpath POSIX pathname functions - pwd Access to the Unix password database - select Access to Unix select multiplex file synchronization - socket Access to BSD socket interface - -* Tk User-interface Toolkit * - - tkinter Main interface to Tk - -* Multimedia * - - audioop Useful operations on sound fragments - imageop Useful operations on images - jpeg Access to jpeg image compressor and decompressor - rgbimg Access SGI imglib image files - -* Cryptographic Extensions * - - md5 Interface to RSA's MD5 message digest algorithm - sha Interface to the SHA message digest algorithm - HMAC Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication -- RFC 2104. - -* SGI IRIX * (4 & 5) - - al SGI audio facilities - AL al constants - fl Interface to FORMS library - FL fl constants - flp Functions for form designer - fm Access to font manager library - gl Access to graphics library - GL Constants for gl - DEVICE More constants for gl - imgfile Imglib image file interface - - -Workspace exploration and idiom hints - - dir(<module>) list functions, variables in <module> - dir() get object keys, defaults to local name space - if __name__ == '__main__': main() invoke main if running as script - map(None, lst1, lst2, ...) merge lists - b = a[:] create copy of seq structure - _ in interactive mode, is last value printed - - - - - - - -Python Mode for Emacs - -(Not revised, possibly not up to date) -Type C-c ? when in python-mode for extensive help. -INDENTATION -Primarily for entering new code: - TAB indent line appropriately - LFD insert newline, then indent - DEL reduce indentation, or delete single character -Primarily for reindenting existing code: - C-c : guess py-indent-offset from file content; change locally - C-u C-c : ditto, but change globally - C-c TAB reindent region to match its context - C-c < shift region left by py-indent-offset - C-c > shift region right by py-indent-offset -MARKING & MANIPULATING REGIONS OF CODE -C-c C-b mark block of lines -M-C-h mark smallest enclosing def -C-u M-C-h mark smallest enclosing class -C-c # comment out region of code -C-u C-c # uncomment region of code -MOVING POINT -C-c C-p move to statement preceding point -C-c C-n move to statement following point -C-c C-u move up to start of current block -M-C-a move to start of def -C-u M-C-a move to start of class -M-C-e move to end of def -C-u M-C-e move to end of class -EXECUTING PYTHON CODE -C-c C-c sends the entire buffer to the Python interpreter -C-c | sends the current region -C-c ! starts a Python interpreter window; this will be used by - subsequent C-c C-c or C-c | commands -C-c C-w runs PyChecker - -VARIABLES -py-indent-offset indentation increment -py-block-comment-prefix comment string used by py-comment-region -py-python-command shell command to invoke Python interpreter -py-scroll-process-buffer t means always scroll Python process buffer -py-temp-directory directory used for temp files (if needed) -py-beep-if-tab-change ring the bell if tab-width is changed - - -The Python Debugger - -(Not revised, possibly not up to date, see 1.5.2 Library Ref section 9.1; in 1.5.2, you may also use debugger integrated in IDLE) - -Accessing - -import pdb (it's a module written in Python) - -- defines functions : - run(statement[,globals[, locals]]) - -- execute statement string under debugger control, with optional - global & local environment. - runeval(expression[,globals[, locals]]) - -- same as run, but evaluate expression and return value. - runcall(function[, argument, ...]) - -- run function object with given arg(s) - pm() -- run postmortem on last exception (like debugging a core file) - post_mortem(t) - -- run postmortem on traceback object <t> - - -- defines class Pdb : - use Pdb to create reusable debugger objects. Object - preserves state (i.e. break points) between calls. - - runs until a breakpoint hit, exception, or end of program - If exception, variable '__exception__' holds (exception,value). - -Commands - -h, help - brief reminder of commands -b, break [<arg>] - if <arg> numeric, break at line <arg> in current file - if <arg> is function object, break on entry to fcn <arg> - if no arg, list breakpoints -cl, clear [<arg>] - if <arg> numeric, clear breakpoint at <arg> in current file - if no arg, clear all breakpoints after confirmation -w, where - print current call stack -u, up - move up one stack frame (to top-level caller) -d, down - move down one stack frame -s, step - advance one line in the program, stepping into calls -n, next - advance one line, stepping over calls -r, return - continue execution until current function returns - (return value is saved in variable "__return__", which - can be printed or manipulated from debugger) -c, continue - continue until next breakpoint -j, jump lineno - Set the next line that will be executed -a, args - print args to current function -rv, retval - prints return value from last function that returned -p, print <arg> - prints value of <arg> in current stack frame -l, list [<first> [, <last>]] - List source code for the current file. - Without arguments, list 11 lines around the current line - or continue the previous listing. - With one argument, list 11 lines starting at that line. - With two arguments, list the given range; - if the second argument is less than the first, it is a count. -whatis <arg> - prints type of <arg> -! - executes rest of line as a Python statement in the current stack frame -q quit - immediately stop execution and leave debugger -<return> - executes last command again -Any input debugger doesn't recognize as a command is assumed to be a -Python statement to execute in the current stack frame, the same way -the exclamation mark ("!") command does. - -Example - -(1394) python -Python 1.0.3 (Sep 26 1994) -Copyright 1991-1994 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam ->>> import rm ->>> rm.run() -Traceback (innermost last): - File "<stdin>", line 1 - File "./rm.py", line 7 - x = div(3) - File "./rm.py", line 2 - return a / r -ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo ->>> import pdb ->>> pdb.pm() -> ./rm.py(2)div: return a / r -(Pdb) list - 1 def div(a): - 2 -> return a / r - 3 - 4 def run(): - 5 global r - 6 r = 0 - 7 x = div(3) - 8 print x -[EOF] -(Pdb) print r -0 -(Pdb) q ->>> pdb.runcall(rm.run) -etc. - -Quirks - -Breakpoints are stored as filename, line number tuples. If a module is reloaded -after editing, any remembered breakpoints are likely to be wrong. - -Always single-steps through top-most stack frame. That is, "c" acts like "n". diff --git a/Misc/developers.txt b/Misc/developers.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0c34613bb0..0000000000 --- a/Misc/developers.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,346 +0,0 @@ -Developer Log -============= - -This file is a running log of developers given permissions on SourceForge. - -The purpose is to provide some institutional memory of who was given access -and why. - -The first entry starts in April 2005. In keeping with the style of -Misc/NEWS, newer entries should be added to the top. Any markup should -be in the form of ReST. Entries should include the initials of the -project admin who made the change or granted access. Feel free to revise -the format to accommodate documentation needs as they arise. - -Note, when giving new commit permissions, be sure to get a contributor -agreement from the committer. See http://www.python.org/psf/contrib/ -for details. When the agreement is signed, please note it in this log. - -This file is encoded in UTF-8. If the usual form for a name is not in -a Latin or extended Latin alphabet, make sure to include an ASCII -transliteration too. - -Permissions History -------------------- - -- David Malcolm was given commit access on Oct 27 2010 by GFB, - at recommendation by Antoine Pitrou and Raymond Hettinger. - -- Tal Einat was given commit access on Oct 4 2010 by MvL, - for improving IDLE. - -- Łukasz Langa was given commit access on Sep 08 2010 by GFB, - at suggestion of Antoine Pitrou, for general bug fixing. - -- Daniel Stutzbach was given commit access on Aug 22 2010 by MvL, - for general bug fixing. - -- Ask Solem was given commit access on Aug 17 2010 by MvL, - on recommendation by Jesse Noller, for work on the multiprocessing - library. - -- George Boutsioukis was given commit access on Aug 10 2010 - by MvL, for work on 2to3. - -- Éric Araujo was given commit access on Aug 10 2010 by BAC, - at suggestion of Tarek Ziadé. - -- Terry Reedy was given commit access on Aug 04 2010 by MvL, - at suggestion of Nick Coghlan. - -- Brian Quinlan was given commit access on Jul 26 2010 by GFB, - for work related to PEP 3148. - -- Reid Kleckner was given commit access on Jul 11 2010 by GFB, - for work on the py3k-jit branch, at suggestion of the Unladen - Swallow team. - -- Alexander Belopolsky was given commit access on May 25 2010 - by MvL at suggestion of Mark Dickinson. - -- Tim Golden was given commit access on April 21 2010 by MvL, - at suggestion of Michael Foord. - -- Giampaolo Rodolà was given commit access on April 17 2010 by - MvL, at suggestion of R. David Murray. - -- Jean-Paul Calderone was given commit access on April 6 2010 by - GFB, at suggestion of Michael Foord and others. - -- Brian Curtin was given commit access on March 24 2010 by MvL. - -- Florent Xicluna was given commit access on February 25 2010 by - MvL, based on Antoine Pitrou's recommendation. - -- Dino Viehland was given SVN access on February 23 2010 by Brett - Cannon, for backporting tests from IronPython. - -- Larry Hastings was given SVN access on February 22 2010 by - Andrew Kuchling, based on Brett Cannon's recommendation. - -- Victor Stinner was given SVN access on January 30 2010 by MvL, - at recommendation by Mark Dickinson and Amaury Forgeot d'Arc. - -- Stefan Krah was given SVN access on January 5 2010 by GFB, at - suggestion of Mark Dickinson, for work on the decimal module. - -- Doug Hellmann was given SVN access on September 19 2009 by GFB, at - suggestion of Jesse Noller, for documentation work. - -- Ezio Melotti was given SVN access on June 7 2009 by GFB, for work on and - fixes to the documentation. - -- Paul Kippes was given commit privileges at PyCon 2009 by BAC to work on 3to2. - -- Ron DuPlain was given commit privileges at PyCon 2009 by BAC to work on 3to2. - -- Several developers of alternative Python implementations where - given access for test suite and library adaptions by MvL: - Allison Randal (Parrot), Michael Foord (IronPython), - Jim Baker, Philip Jenvey, and Frank Wierzbicki (all Jython). - -- R. David Murray was given SVN access on March 30 2009 by MvL, after - recommendation by BAC. - -- Chris Withers was given SVN access on March 8 2009 by MvL, - after recommendation by GvR. - -- Tarek Ziadé was given SVN access on December 21 2008 by NCN, - for maintenance of distutils. - -- Hirokazu Yamamoto was given SVN access on August 12 2008 by MvL, - for contributions to the Windows build. - -- Antoine Pitrou was given SVN access on July 16 2008, by recommendation - from GvR, for general contributions to Python. - -- Jesse Noller was given SVN access on 16 June 2008 by GFB, - for work on the multiprocessing module. - -- Gregor Lingl was given SVN access on 10 June 2008 by MvL, - for work on the turtle module. - -- Robert Schuppenies was given SVN access on 21 May 2008 by MvL, - for GSoC contributions. - -- Rodrigo Bernardo Pimentel was given SVN access on 29 April 2008 by MvL, - for GSoC contributions. - -- Heiko Weinen was given SVN access on 29 April 2008 by MvL, - for GSoC contributions. - -- Jesus Cea was given SVN access on 24 April 2008 by MvL, - for maintenance of bsddb. - -- Guilherme Polo was given SVN access on 24 April 2008 by MvL, - for GSoC contributions. - -- Thomas Lee was given SVN access on 21 April 2008 by NCN, - for work on branches (ast/optimizer related). - -- Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven was given SVN access on 12 April 2008 - by GFB, for documentation work. - -- Josiah Carlson was given SVN access on 26 March 2008 by GFB, - for work on asyncore/asynchat. - -- Benjamin Peterson was given SVN access on 25 March 2008 by GFB, - for bug triage work. - -- Jerry Seutter was given SVN access on 20 March 2008 by BAC, for - general contributions to Python. - -- Jeff Rush was given SVN access on 18 March 2008 by AMK, for Distutils work. - -- David Wolever was given SVN access on 17 March 2008 by MvL, - for 2to3 work. - -- Trent Nelson was given SVN access on 17 March 2008 by MvL, - for general contributions to Python. - -- Mark Dickinson was given SVN access on 6 January 2008 by Facundo - Batista for his work on mathemathics and number related issues. - -- Amaury Forgeot d'Arc was given SVN access on 9 November 2007 by MvL, - for general contributions to Python. - -- Christian Heimes was given SVN access on 31 October 2007 by MvL, - for general contributions to Python. - -- Chris Monson was given SVN access on 20 October 2007 by NCN, - for his work on editing PEPs. - -- Bill Janssen was given SVN access on 28 August 2007 by NCN, - for his work on the SSL module and other things related to (SSL) sockets. - -- Jeffrey Yasskin was given SVN access on 9 August 2007 by NCN, - for his work on PEPs and other general patches. - -- Mark Summerfield was given SVN access on 1 August 2007 by GFB, - for work on documentation. - -- Armin Ronacher was given SVN access on 23 July 2007 by GFB, - for work on the documentation toolset. He now maintains the - ast module. - -- Senthil Kumaran was given SVN access on 16 June 2007 by MvL, - for his Summer-of-Code project, mentored by Skip Montanaro. - -- Alexandre Vassalotti was given SVN access on 21 May 2007 by MvL, - for his Summer-of-Code project, mentored by Brett Cannon. - -- Travis Oliphant was given SVN access on 17 Apr 2007 by MvL, - for implementing the extended buffer protocol. - -- Ziga Seilnacht was given SVN access on 09 Mar 2007 by MvL, - for general maintenance. - -- Pete Shinners was given SVN access on 04 Mar 2007 by NCN, - for PEP 3101 work in the sandbox. - -- Pat Maupin and Eric V. Smith were given SVN access on 28 Feb 2007 by NCN, - for PEP 3101 work in the sandbox. - -- Steven Bethard (SF name "bediviere") added to the SourceForge Python - project 26 Feb 2007, by NCN, as a tracker tech. - -- Josiah Carlson (SF name "josiahcarlson") added to the SourceForge Python - project 06 Jan 2007, by NCN, as a tracker tech. He will maintain asyncore. - -- Collin Winter was given SVN access on 05 Jan 2007 by NCN, for PEP - update access. - -- Lars Gustaebel was given SVN access on 20 Dec 2006 by NCN, for tarfile.py - related work. - -- 2006 Summer of Code entries: SoC developers are expected to work - primarily in nondist/sandbox or on a branch of their own, and will - have their work reviewed before changes are accepted into the trunk. - - - Matt Fleming was added on 25 May 2006 by AMK; he'll be working on - enhancing the Python debugger. - - - Jackilyn Hoxworth was added on 25 May 2006 by AMK; she'll be adding logging - to the standard library. - - - Mateusz Rukowicz was added on 30 May 2006 by AMK; he'll be - translating the decimal module into C. - -- SVN access granted to the "Need for Speed" Iceland sprint attendees, - between May 17 and 21, 2006, by Tim Peters. All work is to be done - in new sandbox projects or on new branches, with merging to the - trunk as approved: - - Andrew Dalke - Christian Tismer - Jack Diederich - John Benediktsson - Kristján V. Jónsson - Martin Blais - Richard Emslie - Richard Jones - Runar Petursson - Steve Holden - Richard M. Tew - -- Steven Bethard was given SVN access on 27 Apr 2006 by DJG, for PEP - update access. - -- Talin was given SVN access on 27 Apr 2006 by DJG, for PEP update - access. - -- George Yoshida (SF name "quiver") added to the SourceForge Python - project 14 Apr 2006, by Tim Peters, as a tracker admin. See - contemporaneous python-checkins thread with the unlikely Subject: - - r45329 - python/trunk/Doc/whatsnew/whatsnew25.tex - -- Ronald Oussoren was given SVN access on 3 Mar 2006 by NCN, for Mac - related work. - -- Bob Ippolito was given SVN access on 2 Mar 2006 by NCN, for Mac - related work. - -- Nick Coghlan requested CVS access so he could update his PEP directly. - Granted by GvR on 16 Oct 2005. - -- Added two new developers for the Summer of Code project. 8 July 2005 - by RDH. Andrew Kuchling will be mentoring Gregory K Johnson for a - project to enhance mailbox. Brett Cannon requested access for Flovis - Bruynooghe (sirolf) to work on pstats, profile, and hotshot. Both users - are expected to work primarily in nondist/sandbox and have their work - reviewed before making updates to active code. - -- Georg Brandl was given SF tracker permissions on 28 May 2005 - by RDH. Since the beginning of 2005, he has been active in discussions - on python-dev and has submitted a dozen patch reviews. The permissions - add the ability to change tracker status and to attach patches. On - 3 June 2005, this was expanded by RDH to include checkin permissions. - -- Terry Reedy was given SF tracker permissions on 7 Apr 2005 by RDH. - -- Nick Coghlan was given SF tracker permissions on 5 Apr 2005 by RDH. - For several months, he has been active in reviewing and contributing - patches. The added permissions give him greater flexibility in - working with the tracker. - -- Eric Price was made a developer on 2 May 2003 by TGP. This was - specifically to work on the new ``decimal`` package, which lived in - ``nondist/sandbox/decimal/`` at the time. - -- Eric S. Raymond was made a developer on 2 Jul 2000 by TGP, for general - library work. His request is archived here: - - http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2000-July/005314.html - - -Permissions Dropped on Request ------------------------------- - -- Roy Smith, Matt Fleming and Richard Emslie sent drop requests. - 4 Aug 2008 GFB - -- Per note from Andrew Kuchling, the permissions for Gregory K Johnson - and the Summer Of Code project are no longer needed. 4 Aug 2008 GFB - -- Per note from Andrew Kuchling, the permissions for Gregory K Johnson - and the Summer Of Code project are no longer needed. AMK will make - any future checkins directly. 16 Oct 2005 RDH - -- Johannes Gijsbers sent a drop request. 27 July 2005 RDH - -- Flovis Bruynooghe sent a drop request. 14 July 2005 RDH - -- Paul Prescod sent a drop request. 30 Apr 2005 RDH - -- Finn Bock sent a drop request. 13 Apr 2005 RDH - -- Eric Price sent a drop request. 10 Apr 2005 RDH - -- Irmen de Jong requested dropping CVS access while keeping tracker - access. 10 Apr 2005 RDH - -- Moshe Zadka and Ken Manheimer sent drop requests. 8 Apr 2005 by RDH - -- Steve Holden, Gerhard Haring, and David Cole sent email stating that - they no longer use their access. 7 Apr 2005 RDH - - -Permissions Dropped after Loss of Contact ------------------------------------------ - -- Several unsuccessful efforts were made to contact Charles G Waldman. - Removed on 8 Apr 2005 by RDH. - - -Initials of Project Admins --------------------------- - -TGP: Tim Peters -GFB: Georg Brandl -BAC: Brett Cannon -NCN: Neal Norwitz -DJG: David Goodger -MvL: Martin v. Loewis -GvR: Guido van Rossum -RDH: Raymond Hettinger diff --git a/Misc/gdbinit b/Misc/gdbinit index 2c89a7abf6..9484b51824 100644 --- a/Misc/gdbinit +++ b/Misc/gdbinit @@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ # # NOTE: If you have gdb 7 or later, it supports debugging of Python directly # with embedded macros that you may find superior to what is in here. -# See https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/EasierPythonDebugging -# and http://bugs.python.org/issue8032 for more gdb 7 python information. +# See Tools/gdb/libpython.py and http://bugs.python.org/issue8032. # Prints a representation of the object to stderr, along with the # number of reference counts it current has and the hex address the @@ -119,12 +118,18 @@ end # interpreter, but the test can be extended by an interested party). If # Py_Main <= $pc <= Py_GetArgcArv is true, $pc is in Py_Main(), so the while # tests succeeds as long as it's not true. In a similar fashion the if -# statement tests to see if we are in PyEval_EvalFrame(). +# statement tests to see if we are in PyEval_EvalFrameEx(). + +# Note: The name of the main interpreter function and the function which +# follow it has changed over time. This version of pystack works with this +# version of Python. If you try using it with older or newer versions of +# the interpreter you may will have to change the functions you compare with +# $pc. # print the entire Python call stack define pystack while $pc < Py_Main || $pc > Py_GetArgcArgv - if $pc > PyEval_EvalFrame && $pc < PyEval_EvalCodeEx + if $pc > PyEval_EvalFrameEx && $pc < PyEval_EvalCodeEx pyframe end up-silently 1 @@ -135,7 +140,7 @@ end # print the entire Python call stack - verbose mode define pystackv while $pc < Py_Main || $pc > Py_GetArgcArgv - if $pc > PyEval_EvalFrame && $pc < PyEval_EvalCodeEx + if $pc > PyEval_EvalFrameEx && $pc < PyEval_EvalCodeEx pyframev end up-silently 1 diff --git a/Misc/maintainers.rst b/Misc/maintainers.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 3a91e4baf8..0000000000 --- a/Misc/maintainers.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -Maintainers Index -================= - -.. warning:: - - This document is out of date and replaced by another version in the - developer's guide at http://docs.python.org/devguide/experts - -This document has tables that list Python Modules, Tools, Platforms and -Interest Areas and names for each item that indicate a maintainer or an -expert in the field. This list is intended to be used by issue submitters, -issue triage people, and other issue participants to find people to add to -the nosy list or to contact directly by email for help and decisions on -feature requests and bug fixes. People on this list may be asked to render -final judgement on a feature or bug. If no active maintainer is listed for -a given module, then questionable changes should go to python-dev, while -any other issues can and should be decided by any committer. - -Unless a name is followed by a '*', you should never assign an issue to -that person, only make them nosy. Names followed by a '*' may be assigned -issues involving the module or topic. - -The Platform and Interest Area tables list broader fields in which various -people have expertise. These people can also be contacted for help, -opinions, and decisions when issues involve their areas. - -If a listed maintainer does not respond to requests for comment for an -extended period (three weeks or more), they should be marked as inactive -in this list by placing the word 'inactive' in parenthesis behind their -tracker id. They are of course free to remove that inactive mark at -any time. - -Committers should update these tables as their areas of expertise widen. -New topics may be added to the Interest Area table at will. - -The existence of this list is not meant to indicate that these people -*must* be contacted for decisions; it is, rather, a resource to be used -by non-committers to find responsible parties, and by committers who do -not feel qualified to make a decision in a particular context. - -See also `PEP 291`_ and `PEP 360`_ for information about certain modules -with special rules. - -.. _`PEP 291`: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0291/ -.. _`PEP 360`: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0360/ - - -================== =========== -Module Maintainers -================== =========== -__future__ -__main__ gvanrossum -_dummy_thread brett.cannon -_thread pitrou -abc -aifc r.david.murray -argparse bethard -array -ast -asynchat josiahcarlson, giampaolo.rodola, stutzbach -asyncore josiahcarlson, giampaolo.rodola, stutzbach -atexit -audioop -base64 -bdb -binascii -binhex -bisect rhettinger -builtins -bz2 -calendar rhettinger -cgi -cgitb -chunk -cmath mark.dickinson -cmd -code -codecs lemburg, doerwalter -codeop -collections rhettinger -collections._abcoll rhettinger, stutzbach -colorsys -compileall -configparser lukasz.langa -contextlib ncoghlan -copy alexandre.vassalotti -copyreg alexandre.vassalotti -cProfile -crypt jafo* -csv skip.montanaro -ctypes theller -curses -datetime belopolsky -dbm -decimal facundobatista, rhettinger, mark.dickinson -difflib tim_one (inactive) -dis -distutils tarek*, eric.araujo* -doctest tim_one (inactive) -dummy_threading brett.cannon -email barry, r.david.murray* -encodings lemburg, loewis -errno -exceptions -fcntl -filecmp -fileinput -fnmatch -formatter -fpectl -fractions mark.dickinson, rhettinger -ftplib giampaolo.rodola -functools ncoghlan, rhettinger -gc pitrou -getopt -getpass -gettext loewis -glob -grp -gzip -hashlib -heapq rhettinger, stutzbach -hmac -html -http -idlelib kbk -imaplib -imghdr -imp -importlib brett.cannon -inspect -io pitrou, benjamin.peterson, stutzbach -itertools rhettinger -json bob.ippolito (inactive), rhettinger -keyword -lib2to3 benjamin.peterson -linecache -locale loewis, lemburg -logging vinay.sajip -macpath -mailbox -mailcap -marshal -math mark.dickinson, rhettinger, stutzbach -mimetypes -mmap -modulefinder theller, jvr -msilib loewis -msvcrt -multiprocessing jnoller -netrc -nis -nntplib pitrou -numbers -operator -optparse aronacher -os loewis -ossaudiodev -parser -pdb georg.brandl* -pickle alexandre.vassalotti, pitrou -pickletools alexandre.vassalotti -pipes -pkgutil -platform lemburg -plistlib -poplib -posix -pprint fdrake -profile georg.brandl -pstats georg.brandl -pty -pwd -py_compile -pybench lemburg, pitrou -pyclbr -pydoc -queue rhettinger -quopri -random rhettinger -re effbot (inactive), pitrou, ezio.melotti -readline -reprlib -resource -rlcompleter -runpy ncoghlan -sched -select -shelve -shlex -shutil tarek -signal -site -smtpd -smtplib -sndhdr -socket -socketserver -spwd -sqlite3 ghaering -ssl janssen, pitrou, giampaolo.rodola -stat -string georg.brandl* -stringprep -struct mark.dickinson -subprocess astrand (inactive) -sunau -symbol -symtable benjamin.peterson -sys -sysconfig tarek -syslog jafo* -tabnanny tim_one (inactive) -tarfile lars.gustaebel -telnetlib -tempfile georg.brandl -termios -test -textwrap georg.brandl -threading pitrou -time belopolsky -timeit georg.brandl -tkinter gpolo -token georg.brandl -tokenize -trace belopolsky -traceback georg.brandl* -tty -turtle gregorlingl -types -unicodedata loewis, lemburg, ezio.melotti -unittest michael.foord, ezio.melotti -urllib orsenthil -uu -uuid -warnings brett.cannon -wave -weakref fdrake, pitrou -webbrowser georg.brandl -winreg brian.curtin*, stutzbach -winsound effbot (inactive) -wsgiref pje -xdrlib -xml.dom -xml.dom.minidom -xml.dom.pulldom -xml.etree effbot (inactive) -xml.parsers.expat -xml.sax -xml.sax.handler -xml.sax.saxutils -xml.sax.xmlreader -xmlrpc loewis -zipfile alanmcintyre -zipimport -zlib -================== =========== - - -================== =========== -Tool Maintainers ------------------- ----------- -pybench lemburg -================== =========== - - -================== =========== -Platform Maintainers ------------------- ----------- -AIX -Cygwin jlt63, stutzbach -FreeBSD -HP-UX -Linux -Mac ronaldoussoren, ned.deily -NetBSD1 -OS2/EMX aimacintyre -Solaris -Windows tim.golden, brian.curtin -================== =========== - - -================== =========== -Interest Area Maintainers ------------------- ----------- -algorithms -ast/compiler ncoghlan, benjamin.peterson, brett.cannon, georg.brandl -autoconf/makefiles -bsd -bug tracker ezio.melotti -buildbots -bytecode pitrou -data formats mark.dickinson, georg.brandl -database lemburg -documentation georg.brandl, ezio.melotti -GUI -i18n lemburg -import machinery brett.cannon, ncoghlan -io pitrou, benjamin.peterson, stutzbach -locale lemburg, loewis -mathematics mark.dickinson, eric.smith, lemburg, stutzbach -memory management tim_one, lemburg -networking giampaolo.rodola -packaging tarek, lemburg -py3 transition benjamin.peterson -release management tarek, lemburg, benjamin.peterson, barry, loewis, - gvanrossum, anthonybaxter -str.format eric.smith -testing michael.foord, pitrou, giampaolo.rodola, ezio.melotti -threads pitrou -time and dates lemburg, belopolsky -unicode lemburg, ezio.melotti, haypo -version control -================== =========== diff --git a/Misc/pymemcompat.h b/Misc/pymemcompat.h deleted file mode 100644 index 2757e3acdd..0000000000 --- a/Misc/pymemcompat.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -/* The idea of this file is that you bundle it with your extension, - #include it, program to Python 2.3's memory API and have your - extension build with any version of Python from 1.5.2 through to - 2.3 (and hopefully beyond). */ - -#ifndef Py_PYMEMCOMPAT_H -#define Py_PYMEMCOMPAT_H - -#include "Python.h" - -/* There are three "families" of memory API: the "raw memory", "object - memory" and "object" families. (This is ignoring the matter of the - cycle collector, about which more is said below). - - Raw Memory: - - PyMem_Malloc, PyMem_Realloc, PyMem_Free - - Object Memory: - - PyObject_Malloc, PyObject_Realloc, PyObject_Free - - Object: - - PyObject_New, PyObject_NewVar, PyObject_Del - - The raw memory and object memory allocators both mimic the - malloc/realloc/free interface from ANSI C, but the object memory - allocator can (and, since 2.3, does by default) use a different - allocation strategy biased towards lots of "small" allocations. - - The object family is used for allocating Python objects, and the - initializers take care of some basic initialization (setting the - refcount to 1 and filling out the ob_type field) as well as having - a somewhat different interface. - - Do not mix the families! E.g. do not allocate memory with - PyMem_Malloc and free it with PyObject_Free. You may get away with - it quite a lot of the time, but there *are* scenarios where this - will break. You Have Been Warned. - - Also, in many versions of Python there are an insane amount of - memory interfaces to choose from. Use the ones described above. */ - -#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x01060000 -/* raw memory interface already present */ - -/* there is no object memory interface in 1.5.2 */ -#define PyObject_Malloc PyMem_Malloc -#define PyObject_Realloc PyMem_Realloc -#define PyObject_Free PyMem_Free - -/* the object interface is there, but the names have changed */ -#define PyObject_New PyObject_NEW -#define PyObject_NewVar PyObject_NEW_VAR -#define PyObject_Del PyMem_Free -#endif - -/* If your object is a container you probably want to support the - cycle collector, which was new in Python 2.0. - - Unfortunately, the interface to the collector that was present in - Python 2.0 and 2.1 proved to be tricky to use, and so changed in - 2.2 -- in a way that can't easily be papered over with macros. - - This file contains macros that let you program to the 2.2 GC API. - Your module will compile against any Python since version 1.5.2, - but the type will only participate in the GC in versions 2.2 and - up. Some work is still necessary on your part to only fill out the - tp_traverse and tp_clear fields when they exist and set tp_flags - appropriately. - - It is possible to support both the 2.0 and 2.2 GC APIs, but it's - not pretty and this comment block is too narrow to contain a - desciption of what's required... */ - -#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x020200B1 -#define PyObject_GC_New PyObject_New -#define PyObject_GC_NewVar PyObject_NewVar -#define PyObject_GC_Del PyObject_Del -#define PyObject_GC_Track(op) -#define PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op) -#endif - -#endif /* !Py_PYMEMCOMPAT_H */ diff --git a/Misc/python-config.in b/Misc/python-config.in index 47ea669bd5..1d4a81d850 100644 --- a/Misc/python-config.in +++ b/Misc/python-config.in @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ #!@EXENAME@ +# -*- python -*- -import sys -import os import getopt -from distutils import sysconfig +import os +import sys +import sysconfig valid_opts = ['prefix', 'exec-prefix', 'includes', 'libs', 'cflags', - 'ldflags', 'help'] + 'ldflags', 'extension-suffix', 'help', 'abiflags'] def exit_with_usage(code=1): print("Usage: {0} [{1}]".format( @@ -21,33 +22,41 @@ except getopt.error: if not opts: exit_with_usage() -opt = opts[0][0] - pyver = sysconfig.get_config_var('VERSION') getvar = sysconfig.get_config_var -if opt == '--help': - exit_with_usage(0) - -elif opt == '--prefix': - print(sysconfig.PREFIX) - -elif opt == '--exec-prefix': - print(sysconfig.EXEC_PREFIX) - -elif opt in ('--includes', '--cflags'): - flags = ['-I' + sysconfig.get_python_inc(), - '-I' + sysconfig.get_python_inc(plat_specific=True)] - if opt == '--cflags': - flags.extend(getvar('CFLAGS').split()) - print(' '.join(flags)) - -elif opt in ('--libs', '--ldflags'): - libs = getvar('LIBS').split() + getvar('SYSLIBS').split() - libs.append('-lpython'+pyver) - # add the prefix/lib/pythonX.Y/config dir, but only if there is no - # shared library in prefix/lib/. - if opt == '--ldflags' and not getvar('Py_ENABLE_SHARED'): - libs.insert(0, '-L' + getvar('LIBPL')) - print(' '.join(libs)) - +opt_flags = [flag for (flag, val) in opts] + +if '--help' in opt_flags: + exit_with_usage(code=0) + +for opt in opt_flags: + if opt == '--prefix': + print(sysconfig.get_config_var('prefix')) + + elif opt == '--exec-prefix': + print(sysconfig.get_config_var('exec_prefix')) + + elif opt in ('--includes', '--cflags'): + flags = ['-I' + sysconfig.get_path('include'), + '-I' + sysconfig.get_path('platinclude')] + if opt == '--cflags': + flags.extend(getvar('CFLAGS').split()) + print(' '.join(flags)) + + elif opt in ('--libs', '--ldflags'): + libs = getvar('LIBS').split() + getvar('SYSLIBS').split() + libs.append('-lpython' + pyver + sys.abiflags) + # add the prefix/lib/pythonX.Y/config dir, but only if there is no + # shared library in prefix/lib/. + if opt == '--ldflags': + if not getvar('Py_ENABLE_SHARED'): + libs.insert(0, '-L' + getvar('LIBPL')) + libs.extend(getvar('LINKFORSHARED').split()) + print(' '.join(libs)) + + elif opt == '--extension-suffix': + print(sysconfig.get_config_var('SO')) + + elif opt == '--abiflags': + print(sys.abiflags) diff --git a/Misc/python-wing.wpr b/Misc/python-wing3.wpr index b1d905d60d..abe789412d 100644 --- a/Misc/python-wing.wpr +++ b/Misc/python-wing3.wpr @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ################################################################## [project attributes] proj.directory-list = [{'dirloc': loc('..'), - 'excludes': (), + 'excludes': [u'Lib/__pycache__'], 'filter': '*', 'include_hidden': False, 'recursive': True, diff --git a/Misc/python-wing4.wpr b/Misc/python-wing4.wpr new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7adfdbdacf --- /dev/null +++ b/Misc/python-wing4.wpr @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#!wing +#!version=4.0 +################################################################## +# Wing IDE project file # +################################################################## +[project attributes] +proj.directory-list = [{'dirloc': loc('..'), + 'excludes': [u'.hg', + u'Lib/unittest/__pycache__', + u'Lib/unittest/test/__pycache__', + u'Lib/__pycache__', + u'build', + u'Doc/build'], + 'filter': '*', + 'include_hidden': False, + 'recursive': True, + 'watch_for_changes': True}] +proj.file-type = 'shared' diff --git a/Misc/python.man b/Misc/python.man index 87f1c93c70..2d15d5d336 100644 --- a/Misc/python.man +++ b/Misc/python.man @@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ python \- an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language .B \-m .I module-name ] +[ +.B \-q +] .br [ .B \-O @@ -145,6 +148,10 @@ to \fI.pyo\fP. Given twice, causes docstrings to be discarded. .B \-O0 Discard docstrings in addition to the \fB-O\fP optimizations. .TP +.B \-q +Do not print the version and copyright messages. These messages are +also suppressed in non-interactive mode. +.TP .BI "\-Q " argument Division control; see PEP 238. The argument must be one of "old" (the default, int/int and long/long return an int or long), "new" (new @@ -403,6 +410,9 @@ the \fB\-u\fP option. If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the \fB\-v\fP option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying \fB\-v\fP multiple times. +.IP PYTHONWARNINGS +If this is set to a comma-separated string it is equivalent to +specifying the \fB\-W\fP option for each separate value. .SH AUTHOR The Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf .SH INTERNET RESOURCES diff --git a/Misc/python.pc.in b/Misc/python.pc.in index 08481a9580..ae698674bb 100644 --- a/Misc/python.pc.in +++ b/Misc/python.pc.in @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +# See: man pkg-config prefix=@prefix@ exec_prefix=@exec_prefix@ libdir=@libdir@ @@ -8,6 +9,5 @@ Description: Python library Requires: Version: @VERSION@ Libs.private: @LIBS@ -Libs: -L${libdir} -lpython@VERSION@ -Cflags: -I${includedir}/python@VERSION@ - +Libs: -L${libdir} -lpython@VERSION@@ABIFLAGS@ +Cflags: -I${includedir}/python@VERSION@@ABIFLAGS@ diff --git a/Misc/setuid-prog.c b/Misc/setuid-prog.c deleted file mode 100644 index 3785d99d7f..0000000000 --- a/Misc/setuid-prog.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,176 +0,0 @@ -/* - Template for a setuid program that calls a script. - - The script should be in an unwritable directory and should itself - be unwritable. In fact all parent directories up to the root - should be unwritable. The script must not be setuid, that's what - this program is for. - - This is a template program. You need to fill in the name of the - script that must be executed. This is done by changing the - definition of FULL_PATH below. - - There are also some rules that should be adhered to when writing - the script itself. - - The first and most important rule is to never, ever trust that the - user of the program will behave properly. Program defensively. - Check your arguments for reasonableness. If the user is allowed to - create files, check the names of the files. If the program depends - on argv[0] for the action it should perform, check it. - - Assuming the script is a Bourne shell script, the first line of the - script should be - #!/bin/sh - - The - is important, don't omit it. If you're using esh, the first - line should be - #!/usr/local/bin/esh -f - and for ksh, the first line should be - #!/usr/local/bin/ksh -p - The script should then set the variable IFS to the string - consisting of <space>, <tab>, and <newline>. After this (*not* - before!), the PATH variable should be set to a reasonable value and - exported. Do not expect the PATH to have a reasonable value, so do - not trust the old value of PATH. You should then set the umask of - the program by calling - umask 077 # or 022 if you want the files to be readable - If you plan to change directories, you should either unset CDPATH - or set it to a good value. Setting CDPATH to just ``.'' (dot) is a - good idea. - If, for some reason, you want to use csh, the first line should be - #!/bin/csh -fb - You should then set the path variable to something reasonable, - without trusting the inherited path. Here too, you should set the - umask using the command - umask 077 # or 022 if you want the files to be readable -*/ - -#include <unistd.h> -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <stdio.h> -#include <sys/types.h> -#include <sys/stat.h> -#include <string.h> - -/* CONFIGURATION SECTION */ - -#ifndef FULL_PATH /* so that this can be specified from the Makefile */ -/* Uncomment the following line: -#define FULL_PATH "/full/path/of/script" -* Then comment out the #error line. */ -#error "You must define FULL_PATH somewhere" -#endif -#ifndef UMASK -#define UMASK 077 -#endif - -/* END OF CONFIGURATION SECTION */ - -#if defined(__STDC__) && defined(__sgi) -#define environ _environ -#endif - -/* don't change def_IFS */ -char def_IFS[] = "IFS= \t\n"; -/* you may want to change def_PATH, but you should really change it in */ -/* your script */ -#ifdef __sgi -char def_PATH[] = "PATH=/usr/bsd:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin"; -#else -char def_PATH[] = "PATH=/usr/ucb:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin"; -#endif -/* don't change def_CDPATH */ -char def_CDPATH[] = "CDPATH=."; -/* don't change def_ENV */ -char def_ENV[] = "ENV=:"; - -/* - This function changes all environment variables that start with LD_ - into variables that start with XD_. This is important since we - don't want the script that is executed to use any funny shared - libraries. - - The other changes to the environment are, strictly speaking, not - needed here. They can safely be done in the script. They are done - here because we don't trust the script writer (just like the script - writer shouldn't trust the user of the script). - If IFS is set in the environment, set it to space,tab,newline. - If CDPATH is set in the environment, set it to ``.''. - Set PATH to a reasonable default. -*/ -void -clean_environ(void) -{ - char **p; - extern char **environ; - - for (p = environ; *p; p++) { - if (strncmp(*p, "LD_", 3) == 0) - **p = 'X'; - else if (strncmp(*p, "_RLD", 4) == 0) - **p = 'X'; - else if (strncmp(*p, "PYTHON", 6) == 0) - **p = 'X'; - else if (strncmp(*p, "IFS=", 4) == 0) - *p = def_IFS; - else if (strncmp(*p, "CDPATH=", 7) == 0) - *p = def_CDPATH; - else if (strncmp(*p, "ENV=", 4) == 0) - *p = def_ENV; - } - putenv(def_PATH); -} - -int -main(int argc, char **argv) -{ - struct stat statb; - gid_t egid = getegid(); - uid_t euid = geteuid(); - - /* - Sanity check #1. - This check should be made compile-time, but that's not possible. - If you're sure that you specified a full path name for FULL_PATH, - you can omit this check. - */ - if (FULL_PATH[0] != '/') { - fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s is not a full path name\n", argv[0], - FULL_PATH); - fprintf(stderr, "You can only use this wrapper if you\n"); - fprintf(stderr, "compile it with an absolute path.\n"); - exit(1); - } - - /* - Sanity check #2. - Check that the owner of the script is equal to either the - effective uid or the super user. - */ - if (stat(FULL_PATH, &statb) < 0) { - perror("stat"); - exit(1); - } - if (statb.st_uid != 0 && statb.st_uid != euid) { - fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s has the wrong owner\n", argv[0], - FULL_PATH); - fprintf(stderr, "The script should be owned by root,\n"); - fprintf(stderr, "and shouldn't be writable by anyone.\n"); - exit(1); - } - - if (setregid(egid, egid) < 0) - perror("setregid"); - if (setreuid(euid, euid) < 0) - perror("setreuid"); - - clean_environ(); - - umask(UMASK); - - while (**argv == '-') /* don't let argv[0] start with '-' */ - (*argv)++; - execv(FULL_PATH, argv); - fprintf(stderr, "%s: could not execute the script\n", argv[0]); - exit(1); -} |