path: root/doc/examples/avcodec.c

/*
 * copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * This file is part of Libav.
 *
 * Libav is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Libav is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with Libav; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

/**
 * @file
 * libavcodec API use example.
 *
 * @example avcodec.c
 * Note that this library only handles codecs (mpeg, mpeg4, etc...),
 * not file formats (avi, vob, etc...). See library 'libavformat' for the
 * format handling
 */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef HAVE_AV_CONFIG_H
#undef HAVE_AV_CONFIG_H
#endif

#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "libavutil/channel_layout.h"
#include "libavutil/common.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/samplefmt.h"

#define INBUF_SIZE 4096
#define AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE 20480
#define AUDIO_REFILL_THRESH 4096

/* check that a given sample format is supported by the encoder */
static int check_sample_fmt(AVCodec *codec, enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt)
{
    const enum AVSampleFormat *p = codec->sample_fmts;

    while (*p != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE) {
        if (*p == sample_fmt)
            return 1;
        p++;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* just pick the highest supported samplerate */
static int select_sample_rate(AVCodec *codec)
{
    const int *p;
    int best_samplerate = 0;

    if (!codec->supported_samplerates)
        return 44100;

    p = codec->supported_samplerates;
    while (*p) {
        best_samplerate = FFMAX(*p, best_samplerate);
        p++;
    }
    return best_samplerate;
}

/* select layout with the highest channel count */
static int select_channel_layout(AVCodec *codec)
{
    const uint64_t *p;
    uint64_t best_ch_layout = 0;
    int best_nb_channels   = 0;

    if (!codec->channel_layouts)
        return AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;

    p = codec->channel_layouts;
    while (*p) {
        int nb_channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(*p);

        if (nb_channels > best_nb_channels) {
            best_ch_layout    = *p;
            best_nb_channels = nb_channels;
        }
        p++;
    }
    return best_ch_layout;
}

/*
 * Audio encoding example
 */
static void audio_encode_example(const char *filename)
{
    AVCodec *codec;
    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
    AVFrame *frame;
    AVPacket pkt;
    int i, j, k, ret, got_output;
    int buffer_size;
    FILE *f;
    uint16_t *samples;
    float t, tincr;

    printf("Audio encoding\n");

    /* find the MP2 encoder */
    codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MP2);
    if (!codec) {
        fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);

    /* put sample parameters */
    c->bit_rate = 64000;

    /* check that the encoder supports s16 pcm input */
    c->sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16;
    if (!check_sample_fmt(codec, c->sample_fmt)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "encoder does not support %s",
                av_get_sample_fmt_name(c->sample_fmt));
        exit(1);
    }

    /* select other audio parameters supported by the encoder */
    c->sample_rate    = select_sample_rate(codec);
    c->channel_layout = select_channel_layout(codec);
    c->channels       = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout);

    /* open it */
    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    f = fopen(filename, "wb");
    if (!f) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open %s\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* frame containing input raw audio */
    frame = av_frame_alloc();
    if (!frame) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not allocate audio frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    frame->nb_samples     = c->frame_size;
    frame->format         = c->sample_fmt;
    frame->channel_layout = c->channel_layout;

    /* the codec gives us the frame size, in samples,
     * we calculate the size of the samples buffer in bytes */
    buffer_size = av_samples_get_buffer_size(NULL, c->channels, c->frame_size,
                                             c->sample_fmt, 0);
    samples = av_malloc(buffer_size);
    if (!samples) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not allocate %d bytes for samples buffer\n",
                buffer_size);
        exit(1);
    }
    /* setup the data pointers in the AVFrame */
    ret = avcodec_fill_audio_frame(frame, c->channels, c->sample_fmt,
                                   (const uint8_t*)samples, buffer_size, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not setup audio frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* encode a single tone sound */
    t = 0;
    tincr = 2 * M_PI * 440.0 / c->sample_rate;
    for(i=0;i<200;i++) {
        av_init_packet(&pkt);
        pkt.data = NULL; // packet data will be allocated by the encoder
        pkt.size = 0;

        for (j = 0; j < c->frame_size; j++) {
            samples[2*j] = (int)(sin(t) * 10000);

            for (k = 1; k < c->channels; k++)
                samples[2*j + k] = samples[2*j];
            t += tincr;
        }
        /* encode the samples */
        ret = avcodec_encode_audio2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_output);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "error encoding audio frame\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        if (got_output) {
            fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f);
            av_free_packet(&pkt);
        }
    }
    fclose(f);

    av_freep(&samples);
    av_frame_free(&frame);
    avcodec_close(c);
    av_free(c);
}

/*
 * Audio decoding.
 */
static void audio_decode_example(const char *outfilename, const char *filename)
{
    AVCodec *codec;
    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
    int len;
    FILE *f, *outfile;
    uint8_t inbuf[AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE + FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
    AVPacket avpkt;
    AVFrame *decoded_frame = NULL;

    av_init_packet(&avpkt);

    printf("Audio decoding\n");

    /* find the mpeg audio decoder */
    codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MP2);
    if (!codec) {
        fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);

    /* open it */
    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    f = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!f) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open %s\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }
    outfile = fopen(outfilename, "wb");
    if (!outfile) {
        av_free(c);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* decode until eof */
    avpkt.data = inbuf;
    avpkt.size = fread(inbuf, 1, AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE, f);

    while (avpkt.size > 0) {
        int got_frame = 0;

        if (!decoded_frame) {
            if (!(decoded_frame = av_frame_alloc())) {
                fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
                exit(1);
            }
        }

        len = avcodec_decode_audio4(c, decoded_frame, &got_frame, &avpkt);
        if (len < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error while decoding\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        if (got_frame) {
            /* if a frame has been decoded, output it */
            int data_size = av_samples_get_buffer_size(NULL, c->channels,
                                                       decoded_frame->nb_samples,
                                                       c->sample_fmt, 1);
            fwrite(decoded_frame->data[0], 1, data_size, outfile);
        }
        avpkt.size -= len;
        avpkt.data += len;
        if (avpkt.size < AUDIO_REFILL_THRESH) {
            /* Refill the input buffer, to avoid trying to decode
             * incomplete frames. Instead of this, one could also use
             * a parser, or use a proper container format through
             * libavformat. */
            memmove(inbuf, avpkt.data, avpkt.size);
            avpkt.data = inbuf;
            len = fread(avpkt.data + avpkt.size, 1,
                        AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE - avpkt.size, f);
            if (len > 0)
                avpkt.size += len;
        }
    }

    fclose(outfile);
    fclose(f);

    avcodec_close(c);
    av_free(c);
    av_frame_free(&decoded_frame);
}

/*
 * Video encoding example
 */
static void video_encode_example(const char *filename)
{
    AVCodec *codec;
    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
    int i, ret, x, y, got_output;
    FILE *f;
    AVFrame *picture;
    AVPacket pkt;
    uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };

    printf("Video encoding\n");

    /* find the mpeg1 video encoder */
    codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
    if (!codec) {
        fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
    picture = av_frame_alloc();

    /* put sample parameters */
    c->bit_rate = 400000;
    /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
    c->width = 352;
    c->height = 288;
    /* frames per second */
    c->time_base= (AVRational){1,25};
    c->gop_size = 10; /* emit one intra frame every ten frames */
    c->max_b_frames=1;
    c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;

    /* open it */
    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    f = fopen(filename, "wb");
    if (!f) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open %s\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }

    ret = av_image_alloc(picture->data, picture->linesize, c->width, c->height,
                         c->pix_fmt, 32);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not alloc raw picture buffer\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    picture->format = c->pix_fmt;
    picture->width  = c->width;
    picture->height = c->height;

    /* encode 1 second of video */
    for(i=0;i<25;i++) {
        av_init_packet(&pkt);
        pkt.data = NULL;    // packet data will be allocated by the encoder
        pkt.size = 0;

        fflush(stdout);
        /* prepare a dummy image */
        /* Y */
        for(y=0;y<c->height;y++) {
            for(x=0;x<c->width;x++) {
                picture->data[0][y * picture->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
            }
        }

        /* Cb and Cr */
        for(y=0;y<c->height/2;y++) {
            for(x=0;x<c->width/2;x++) {
                picture->data[1][y * picture->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
                picture->data[2][y * picture->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
            }
        }

        picture->pts = i;

        /* encode the image */
        ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, picture, &got_output);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "error encoding frame\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        if (got_output) {
            printf("encoding frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size);
            fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f);
            av_free_packet(&pkt);
        }
    }

    /* get the delayed frames */
    for (got_output = 1; got_output; i++) {
        fflush(stdout);

        ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, NULL, &got_output);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "error encoding frame\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        if (got_output) {
            printf("encoding frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size);
            fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f);
            av_free_packet(&pkt);
        }
    }

    /* add sequence end code to have a real mpeg file */
    fwrite(endcode, 1, sizeof(endcode), f);
    fclose(f);

    avcodec_close(c);
    av_free(c);
    av_freep(&picture->data[0]);
    av_frame_free(&picture);
    printf("\n");
}

/*
 * Video decoding example
 */

static void pgm_save(unsigned char *buf, int wrap, int xsize, int ysize,
                     char *filename)
{
    FILE *f;
    int i;

    f=fopen(filename,"w");
    fprintf(f,"P5\n%d %d\n%d\n",xsize,ysize,255);
    for(i=0;i<ysize;i++)
        fwrite(buf + i * wrap,1,xsize,f);
    fclose(f);
}

static void video_decode_example(const char *outfilename, const char *filename)
{
    AVCodec *codec;
    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
    int frame, got_picture, len;
    FILE *f;
    AVFrame *picture;
    uint8_t inbuf[INBUF_SIZE + FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
    char buf[1024];
    AVPacket avpkt;

    av_init_packet(&avpkt);

    /* set end of buffer to 0 (this ensures that no overreading happens for damaged mpeg streams) */
    memset(inbuf + INBUF_SIZE, 0, FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);

    printf("Video decoding\n");

    /* find the mpeg1 video decoder */
    codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
    if (!codec) {
        fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
    picture = av_frame_alloc();

    if(codec->capabilities&CODEC_CAP_TRUNCATED)
        c->flags|= CODEC_FLAG_TRUNCATED; /* we do not send complete frames */

    /* For some codecs, such as msmpeg4 and mpeg4, width and height
       MUST be initialized there because this information is not
       available in the bitstream. */

    /* open it */
    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* the codec gives us the frame size, in samples */

    f = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!f) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not open %s\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }

    frame = 0;
    for(;;) {
        avpkt.size = fread(inbuf, 1, INBUF_SIZE, f);
        if (avpkt.size == 0)
            break;

        /* NOTE1: some codecs are stream based (mpegvideo, mpegaudio)
           and this is the only method to use them because you cannot
           know the compressed data size before analysing it.

           BUT some other codecs (msmpeg4, mpeg4) are inherently frame
           based, so you must call them with all the data for one
           frame exactly. You must also initialize 'width' and
           'height' before initializing them. */

        /* NOTE2: some codecs allow the raw parameters (frame size,
           sample rate) to be changed at any frame. We handle this, so
           you should also take care of it */

        /* here, we use a stream based decoder (mpeg1video), so we
           feed decoder and see if it could decode a frame */
        avpkt.data = inbuf;
        while (avpkt.size > 0) {
            len = avcodec_decode_video2(c, picture, &got_picture, &avpkt);
            if (len < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error while decoding frame %d\n", frame);
                exit(1);
            }
            if (got_picture) {
                printf("saving frame %3d\n", frame);
                fflush(stdout);

                /* the picture is allocated by the decoder. no need to
                   free it */
                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), outfilename, frame);
                pgm_save(picture->data[0], picture->linesize[0],
                         c->width, c->height, buf);
                frame++;
            }
            avpkt.size -= len;
            avpkt.data += len;
        }
    }

    /* some codecs, such as MPEG, transmit the I and P frame with a
       latency of one frame. You must do the following to have a
       chance to get the last frame of the video */
    avpkt.data = NULL;
    avpkt.size = 0;
    len = avcodec_decode_video2(c, picture, &got_picture, &avpkt);
    if (got_picture) {
        printf("saving last frame %3d\n", frame);
        fflush(stdout);

        /* the picture is allocated by the decoder. no need to
           free it */
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), outfilename, frame);
        pgm_save(picture->data[0], picture->linesize[0],
                 c->width, c->height, buf);
        frame++;
    }

    fclose(f);

    avcodec_close(c);
    av_free(c);
    av_frame_free(&picture);
    printf("\n");
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename;

    /* register all the codecs */
    avcodec_register_all();

    if (argc <= 1) {
        audio_encode_example("/tmp/test.mp2");
        audio_decode_example("/tmp/test.sw", "/tmp/test.mp2");

        video_encode_example("/tmp/test.mpg");
        filename = "/tmp/test.mpg";
    } else {
        filename = argv[1];
    }

    //    audio_decode_example("/tmp/test.sw", filename);
    video_decode_example("/tmp/test%d.pgm", filename);

    return 0;
}