More stuff on CSV files.

4 files changed, 822 insertions, 618 deletions

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 02dd55d5..0a18a812 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+2020-04-12         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in: Contribution from Manuel Collado related
+	to CSV processing.
+
 2020-04-10         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawktexi.in, gawk.1: Fix some spelling errors.
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 36558c32..21acc797 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ in (a) below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
 * Allowing trailing data::              Capturing optional trailing data.
 * Fields with fixed data::              Field values with fixed-width data.
 * Splitting By Content::                Defining Fields By Content
+* More CSV::                            More on CSV files.
 * Testing field creation::              Checking how 'gawk' is
                                         splitting records.
 * Multiple Line::                       Reading multiline records.
@@ -5476,6 +5477,10 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Splitting By Content,  Next: Testing field creation,  Pr
 4.7 Defining Fields by Content
 ==============================
 
+* Menu:
+
+* More CSV::                    More on CSV files.
+
 This minor node discusses an advanced feature of 'gawk'.  If you are a
 novice 'awk' user, you might want to skip it on the first reading.
 
@@ -5501,8 +5506,9 @@ regular expression describes the contents of each field.
 
    In the case of CSV data as presented here, each field is either
 "anything that is not a comma," or "a double quote, anything that is not
-a double quote, and a closing double quote."  If written as a regular
-expression constant (*note Regexp::), we would have
+a double quote, and a closing double quote."  (There are more
+complicated definitions of CSV data, treated shortly.)  If written as a
+regular expression constant (*note Regexp::), we would have
 '/([^,]+)|("[^"]+")/'.  Writing this as a string requires us to escape
 the double quotes, leading to:
 
@@ -5543,12 +5549,6 @@ would be to remove the quotes when they occur, with something like this:
          $i = substr($i, 2, len - 2)    # Get text within the two quotes
      }
 
-   As with 'FS', the 'IGNORECASE' variable (*note User-modified::)
-affects field splitting with 'FPAT'.
-
-   Assigning a value to 'FPAT' overrides field splitting with 'FS' and
-with 'FIELDWIDTHS'.
-
      NOTE: Some programs export CSV data that contains embedded newlines
      between the double quotes.  'gawk' provides no way to deal with
      this.  Even though a formal specification for CSV data exists,
@@ -5562,6 +5562,12 @@ contain at least one character.  A straightforward modification
 
      FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
 
+   As with 'FS', the 'IGNORECASE' variable (*note User-modified::)
+affects field splitting with 'FPAT'.
+
+   Assigning a value to 'FPAT' overrides field splitting with 'FS' and
+with 'FIELDWIDTHS'.
+
    Finally, the 'patsplit()' function makes the same functionality
 available for splitting regular strings (*note String Functions::).
 
@@ -5572,6 +5578,58 @@ years.  RFC 4180 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt) standardizes the
 most common practices.
 
 
+File: gawk.info,  Node: More CSV,  Up: Splitting By Content
+
+4.7.1 More on CSV Files
+-----------------------
+
+Manuel Collado notes that in addition to commas, a CSV field can also
+contains quotes, that have to be escaped by doubling them.  The
+previously described regexps fail to accept quoted fields with both
+commas and quotes inside.  He suggests that the simplest 'FPAT'
+expression that recognizes this kind of fields is
+'/([^,]*)|("([^"]|"")+")/'.  He provides the following imput data test
+these variants:
+
+     p,"q,r",s
+     p,"q""r",s
+     p,"q,""r",s
+     p,"",s
+     p,,s
+
+And here is his test program:
+
+     BEGIN {
+          fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+          fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+          fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
+          FPAT =  fp[fpat+0]
+     }
+
+     {
+          print "<" $0 ">"
+          printf("NF = %s ", NF)
+          for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
+              printf("<%s>", $i)
+          }
+          print ""
+     }
+
+   When run on the third variant, it produces:
+
+     $ gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv
+     -| <p,"q,r",s>
+     -| NF = 3 <p><"q,r"><s>
+     -| <p,"q""r",s>
+     -| NF = 3 <p><"q""r"><s>
+     -| <p,"q,""r",s>
+     -| NF = 3 <p><"q,""r"><s>
+     -| <p,"",s>
+     -| NF = 3 <p><""><s>
+     -| <p,,s>
+     -| NF = 3 <p><><s>
+
+
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Testing field creation,  Next: Multiple Line,  Prev: Splitting By Content,  Up: Reading Files
 
 4.8 Checking How 'gawk' Is Splitting Records
@@ -34147,7 +34205,7 @@ Index
 * adding, features to gawk:              Adding Code.         (line   6)
 * advanced features, fixed-width data:   Constant Size.       (line   6)
 * advanced features, specifying field content: Splitting By Content.
-                                                              (line   9)
+                                                              (line  13)
 * advanced features, gawk:               Advanced Features.   (line   6)
 * advanced features, nondecimal input data: Nondecimal Data.  (line   6)
 * advanced features, processes, communicating with: Two-way I/O.
@@ -35455,7 +35513,7 @@ Index
 * forward slash (/), /= operator <1>:    Precedence.          (line  94)
 * forward slash (/), patterns and:       Expression Patterns. (line  24)
 * FPAT variable:                         Splitting By Content.
-                                                              (line  25)
+                                                              (line  29)
 * FPAT variable <1>:                     User-modified.       (line  46)
 * frame debugger command:                Execution Stack.     (line  27)
 * Free Documentation License (FDL):      GNU Free Documentation License.
@@ -35565,7 +35623,7 @@ Index
 * gawk, RT variable in <1>:              gawk split records.  (line  58)
 * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in:         Fixed width data.    (line  17)
 * gawk, FPAT variable in:                Splitting By Content.
-                                                              (line  25)
+                                                              (line  29)
 * gawk, splitting fields and:            Testing field creation.
                                                               (line   6)
 * gawk, RT variable in <2>:              Multiple Line.       (line 139)
@@ -37254,599 +37312,600 @@ Index
 
 Tag Table:
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-Node: Foreword448786
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-Ref: Preface-Footnote-153177
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-253286
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-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1197281
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-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1236660
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2236706
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-Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1250083
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-Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1343232
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-Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1371869
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-Node: Extension Sample Revout1136158
-Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1136747
-Node: Extension Sample Read write array1137487
-Node: Extension Sample Readfile1139429
-Node: Extension Sample Time1140524
-Node: Extension Sample API Tests1142276
-Node: gawkextlib1142768
-Node: Extension summary1145686
-Node: Extension Exercises1149388
-Node: Language History1150630
-Node: V7/SVR3.11152286
-Node: SVR41154438
-Node: POSIX1155872
-Node: BTL1157253
-Node: POSIX/GNU1157982
-Node: Feature History1163760
-Node: Common Extensions1180079
-Node: Ranges and Locales1181362
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-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21186005
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31186240
-Node: Contributors1186463
-Node: History summary1192460
-Node: Installation1193840
-Node: Gawk Distribution1194784
-Node: Getting1195268
-Node: Extracting1196231
-Node: Distribution contents1197869
-Node: Unix Installation1204349
-Node: Quick Installation1205031
-Node: Shell Startup Files1207445
-Node: Additional Configuration Options1208534
-Node: Configuration Philosophy1210849
-Node: Non-Unix Installation1213218
-Node: PC Installation1213678
-Node: PC Binary Installation1214516
-Node: PC Compiling1214951
-Node: PC Using1216068
-Node: Cygwin1219621
-Node: MSYS1220845
-Node: VMS Installation1221447
-Node: VMS Compilation1222238
-Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11223467
-Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1223525
-Node: VMS Installation Details1225210
-Node: VMS Running1227463
-Node: VMS GNV1231742
-Node: VMS Old Gawk1232477
-Node: Bugs1232948
-Node: Bug address1233611
-Node: Usenet1236593
-Node: Maintainers1237597
-Node: Other Versions1238782
-Node: Installation summary1245870
-Node: Notes1247079
-Node: Compatibility Mode1247873
-Node: Additions1248655
-Node: Accessing The Source1249580
-Node: Adding Code1251017
-Node: New Ports1257236
-Node: Derived Files1261611
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11267271
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21267306
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31267904
-Node: Future Extensions1268018
-Node: Implementation Limitations1268676
-Node: Extension Design1269859
-Node: Old Extension Problems1271003
-Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11272521
-Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1272578
-Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11275942
-Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1276131
-Node: Extension Future Growth1278244
-Node: Notes summary1278850
-Node: Basic Concepts1280008
-Node: Basic High Level1280689
-Ref: figure-general-flow1280971
-Ref: figure-process-flow1281656
-Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11284957
-Node: Basic Data Typing1285142
-Node: Glossary1288470
-Node: Copying1320355
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License1357898
-Node: Index1383018
+Node: Foreword344403
+Node: Foreword448845
+Node: Preface50377
+Ref: Preface-Footnote-153236
+Ref: Preface-Footnote-253345
+Ref: Preface-Footnote-353579
+Node: History53721
+Node: Names56073
+Ref: Names-Footnote-157177
+Node: This Manual57324
+Ref: This Manual-Footnote-163963
+Node: Conventions64063
+Node: Manual History66432
+Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169429
+Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269470
+Node: How To Contribute69544
+Node: Acknowledgments70470
+Node: Getting Started75407
+Node: Running gawk77846
+Node: One-shot79036
+Node: Read Terminal80299
+Node: Long82292
+Node: Executable Scripts83805
+Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186438
+Node: Comments86541
+Node: Quoting89025
+Node: DOS Quoting94551
+Node: Sample Data Files96607
+Node: Very Simple99202
+Node: Two Rules104104
+Node: More Complex105989
+Node: Statements/Lines108855
+Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1113339
+Node: Other Features113604
+Node: When114540
+Ref: When-Footnote-1116294
+Node: Intro Summary116359
+Node: Invoking Gawk117243
+Node: Command Line118757
+Node: Options119555
+Ref: Options-Footnote-1137224
+Ref: Options-Footnote-2137455
+Node: Other Arguments137480
+Node: Naming Standard Input140787
+Node: Environment Variables141997
+Node: AWKPATH Variable142555
+Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1145967
+Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2146001
+Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable146372
+Ref: AWKLIBPATH Variable-Footnote-1148069
+Node: Other Environment Variables148444
+Node: Exit Status152265
+Node: Include Files152942
+Node: Loading Shared Libraries156632
+Node: Obsolete158060
+Node: Undocumented158752
+Node: Invoking Summary159049
+Node: Regexp161890
+Node: Regexp Usage163344
+Node: Escape Sequences165381
+Node: Regexp Operators171622
+Node: Regexp Operator Details172107
+Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1178539
+Node: Interval Expressions178686
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+Node: Bracket Expressions180205
+Ref: table-char-classes182681
+Node: Leftmost Longest186007
+Node: Computed Regexps187310
+Node: GNU Regexp Operators190737
+Node: Case-sensitivity194474
+Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1197340
+Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2197575
+Node: Regexp Summary197683
+Node: Reading Files199149
+Node: Records201418
+Node: awk split records202493
+Node: gawk split records207768
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+Node: Fields212538
+Node: Nonconstant Fields215279
+Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1217515
+Node: Changing Fields217719
+Node: Field Separators223750
+Node: Default Field Splitting226448
+Node: Regexp Field Splitting227566
+Node: Single Character Fields230919
+Node: Command Line Field Separator231979
+Node: Full Line Fields235197
+Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1236719
+Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2236765
+Node: Field Splitting Summary236866
+Node: Constant Size238940
+Node: Fixed width data239672
+Node: Skipping intervening243139
+Node: Allowing trailing data243937
+Node: Fields with fixed data244974
+Node: Splitting By Content246492
+Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1250275
+Node: More CSV250438
+Node: Testing field creation251746
+Node: Multiple Line253371
+Node: Getline259648
+Node: Plain Getline262117
+Node: Getline/Variable264690
+Node: Getline/File265841
+Node: Getline/Variable/File267229
+Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1268834
+Node: Getline/Pipe268922
+Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe271626
+Node: Getline/Coprocess272761
+Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess274028
+Node: Getline Notes274770
+Node: Getline Summary277567
+Ref: table-getline-variants277991
+Node: Read Timeout278739
+Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1282645
+Node: Retrying Input282703
+Node: Command-line directories283902
+Node: Input Summary284808
+Node: Input Exercises287980
+Node: Printing288414
+Node: Print290248
+Node: Print Examples291705
+Node: Output Separators294485
+Node: OFMT296502
+Node: Printf297858
+Node: Basic Printf298643
+Node: Control Letters300217
+Node: Format Modifiers305381
+Node: Printf Examples311396
+Node: Redirection313882
+Node: Special FD320723
+Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1323891
+Node: Special Files323965
+Node: Other Inherited Files324582
+Node: Special Network325583
+Node: Special Caveats326443
+Node: Close Files And Pipes327392
+Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values334299
+Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1335112
+Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2335260
+Node: Nonfatal335412
+Node: Output Summary337750
+Node: Output Exercises338972
+Node: Expressions339651
+Node: Values340839
+Node: Constants341517
+Node: Scalar Constants342208
+Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1344732
+Node: Nondecimal-numbers344982
+Node: Regexp Constants347983
+Node: Using Constant Regexps348509
+Node: Standard Regexp Constants349131
+Node: Strong Regexp Constants352319
+Node: Variables355277
+Node: Using Variables355934
+Node: Assignment Options357844
+Node: Conversion360315
+Node: Strings And Numbers360839
+Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1363902
+Node: Locale influences conversions364011
+Ref: table-locale-affects366769
+Node: All Operators367387
+Node: Arithmetic Ops368016
+Node: Concatenation370522
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+Node: Assignment Ops373476
+Ref: table-assign-ops378467
+Node: Increment Ops379780
+Node: Truth Values and Conditions383240
+Node: Truth Values384314
+Node: Typing and Comparison385362
+Node: Variable Typing386182
+Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1392645
+Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2392717
+Node: Comparison Operators392794
+Ref: table-relational-ops393213
+Node: POSIX String Comparison396708
+Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1398403
+Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2398542
+Node: Boolean Ops398626
+Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1403108
+Node: Conditional Exp403200
+Node: Function Calls404936
+Node: Precedence408813
+Node: Locales412472
+Node: Expressions Summary414104
+Node: Patterns and Actions416677
+Node: Pattern Overview417797
+Node: Regexp Patterns419474
+Node: Expression Patterns420016
+Node: Ranges423797
+Node: BEGIN/END426905
+Node: Using BEGIN/END427666
+Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1430402
+Node: I/O And BEGIN/END430508
+Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE432822
+Node: Empty435735
+Node: Using Shell Variables436052
+Node: Action Overview438326
+Node: Statements440651
+Node: If Statement442499
+Node: While Statement443994
+Node: Do Statement446022
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+Node: Switch Statement450341
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+Node: Continue Statement454819
+Node: Next Statement456646
+Node: Nextfile Statement459029
+Node: Exit Statement461681
+Node: Built-in Variables464084
+Node: User-modified465217
+Node: Auto-set472984
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1489791
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2489997
+Node: ARGC and ARGV490053
+Node: Pattern Action Summary494266
+Node: Arrays496696
+Node: Array Basics498025
+Node: Array Intro498869
+Ref: figure-array-elements500844
+Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1503548
+Node: Reference to Elements503676
+Node: Assigning Elements506140
+Node: Array Example506631
+Node: Scanning an Array508390
+Node: Controlling Scanning511412
+Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1517868
+Node: Numeric Array Subscripts518184
+Node: Uninitialized Subscripts520368
+Node: Delete521987
+Ref: Delete-Footnote-1524739
+Node: Multidimensional524796
+Node: Multiscanning527891
+Node: Arrays of Arrays529482
+Node: Arrays Summary534250
+Node: Functions536343
+Node: Built-in537381
+Node: Calling Built-in538462
+Node: Numeric Functions540458
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1544486
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2545134
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3545182
+Node: String Functions545454
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1569638
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2569766
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3570014
+Node: Gory Details570101
+Ref: table-sub-escapes571892
+Ref: table-sub-proposed573411
+Ref: table-posix-sub574774
+Ref: table-gensub-escapes576315
+Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1577138
+Node: I/O Functions577292
+Ref: table-system-return-values583760
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1585840
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2585988
+Node: Time Functions586108
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1596779
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2596847
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3597005
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4597116
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5597228
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6597455
+Node: Bitwise Functions597721
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops598315
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1604378
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2604551
+Node: Type Functions604742
+Node: I18N Functions607605
+Node: User-defined609256
+Node: Definition Syntax610068
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1615755
+Node: Function Example615826
+Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1618748
+Node: Function Calling618770
+Node: Calling A Function619358
+Node: Variable Scope620316
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference623310
+Node: Function Caveats625954
+Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1628001
+Node: Return Statement628121
+Node: Dynamic Typing631100
+Node: Indirect Calls632030
+Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1642282
+Node: Functions Summary642410
+Node: Library Functions645115
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1648722
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2648865
+Node: Library Names649036
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1652703
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2652926
+Node: General Functions653012
+Node: Strtonum Function654115
+Node: Assert Function657137
+Node: Round Function660463
+Node: Cliff Random Function662003
+Node: Ordinal Functions663019
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1666082
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2666334
+Node: Join Function666544
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1668314
+Node: Getlocaltime Function668514
+Node: Readfile Function672256
+Node: Shell Quoting674233
+Node: Data File Management675634
+Node: Filetrans Function676266
+Node: Rewind Function680362
+Node: File Checking682271
+Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1683605
+Node: Empty Files683806
+Node: Ignoring Assigns685785
+Node: Getopt Function687335
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1702547
+Node: Passwd Functions702747
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1711586
+Node: Group Functions711674
+Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1719572
+Node: Walking Arrays719779
+Node: Library Functions Summary722787
+Node: Library Exercises724193
+Node: Sample Programs724658
+Node: Running Examples725428
+Node: Clones726156
+Node: Cut Program727380
+Node: Egrep Program737309
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1744821
+Node: Id Program744931
+Node: Split Program748611
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1752069
+Node: Tee Program752198
+Node: Uniq Program754988
+Node: Wc Program762609
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1766864
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs766958
+Node: Dupword Program768171
+Node: Alarm Program770201
+Node: Translate Program775056
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1779621
+Node: Labels Program779891
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1783242
+Node: Word Sorting783326
+Node: History Sorting787398
+Node: Extract Program789623
+Node: Simple Sed797677
+Node: Igawk Program800751
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1815082
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2815284
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3815406
+Node: Anagram Program815521
+Node: Signature Program818583
+Node: Programs Summary819830
+Node: Programs Exercises821044
+Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1825173
+Node: Advanced Features825264
+Node: Nondecimal Data827254
+Node: Array Sorting828845
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal829545
+Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1837913
+Node: Array Sorting Functions838031
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1843122
+Node: Two-way I/O843318
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1851039
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2851226
+Node: TCP/IP Networking851308
+Node: Profiling854426
+Node: Advanced Features Summary863441
+Node: Internationalization865285
+Node: I18N and L10N866765
+Node: Explaining gettext867452
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1873344
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2873529
+Node: Programmer i18n873694
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1878643
+Node: Translator i18n878692
+Node: String Extraction879486
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1880618
+Node: Printf Ordering880704
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1883490
+Node: I18N Portability883554
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1886010
+Node: I18N Example886073
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1889348
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2889421
+Node: Gawk I18N889530
+Node: I18N Summary890179
+Node: Debugger891520
+Node: Debugging892520
+Node: Debugging Concepts892961
+Node: Debugging Terms894770
+Node: Awk Debugging897345
+Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1898290
+Node: Sample Debugging Session898422
+Node: Debugger Invocation898956
+Node: Finding The Bug900342
+Node: List of Debugger Commands906816
+Node: Breakpoint Control908149
+Node: Debugger Execution Control911843
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data915205
+Node: Execution Stack918746
+Node: Debugger Info920383
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands924454
+Node: Readline Support929516
+Node: Limitations930412
+Node: Debugging Summary932966
+Node: Namespaces934245
+Node: Global Namespace935356
+Node: Qualified Names936754
+Node: Default Namespace937753
+Node: Changing The Namespace938494
+Node: Naming Rules940108
+Node: Internal Name Management941956
+Node: Namespace Example942998
+Node: Namespace And Features945560
+Node: Namespace Summary946995
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic948472
+Node: Computer Arithmetic949959
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges953725
+Ref: table-floating-point-ranges954218
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1954876
+Node: Math Definitions954933
+Ref: table-ieee-formats958249
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1958852
+Node: MPFR features958957
+Node: FP Math Caution960675
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1961747
+Node: Inexactness of computations962116
+Node: Inexact representation963076
+Node: Comparing FP Values964436
+Node: Errors accumulate965677
+Node: Getting Accuracy967110
+Node: Try To Round969820
+Node: Setting precision970719
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings971416
+Node: Setting the rounding mode973246
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes973620
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1977551
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers977730
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1980905
+Node: Checking for MPFR981054
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems982528
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1986813
+Node: Floating point summary986851
+Node: Dynamic Extensions989041
+Node: Extension Intro990594
+Node: Plugin License991860
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline992657
+Ref: figure-load-extension993096
+Ref: figure-register-new-function994661
+Ref: figure-call-new-function995753
+Node: Extension API Description997815
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction999457
+Ref: table-api-std-headers1001293
+Node: General Data Types1005158
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11013519
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions1013818
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11018028
+Node: Constructor Functions1018127
+Node: Registration Functions1021713
+Node: Extension Functions1022398
+Node: Exit Callback Functions1027720
+Node: Extension Version String1028970
+Node: Input Parsers1029633
+Node: Output Wrappers1042354
+Node: Two-way processors1046866
+Node: Printing Messages1049131
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11050302
+Node: Updating ERRNO1050455
+Node: Requesting Values1051194
+Ref: table-value-types-returned1051931
+Node: Accessing Parameters1052867
+Node: Symbol Table Access1054102
+Node: Symbol table by name1054614
+Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11057638
+Node: Symbol table by cookie1057766
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11061951
+Node: Cached values1062015
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11065551
+Node: Array Manipulation1065704
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11066795
+Node: Array Data Types1066832
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11069490
+Node: Array Functions1069582
+Node: Flattening Arrays1074080
+Node: Creating Arrays1081056
+Node: Redirection API1085823
+Node: Extension API Variables1088656
+Node: Extension Versioning1089367
+Ref: gawk-api-version1089796
+Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1091527
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables1093155
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate1094228
+Node: Changes from API V11098202
+Node: Finding Extensions1099774
+Node: Extension Example1100333
+Node: Internal File Description1101131
+Node: Internal File Ops1105211
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11116561
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1116701
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11119084
+Node: Extension Samples1119358
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1120887
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1128536
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1130023
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1131241
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1134866
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1135702
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1136591
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1137658
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1138247
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1138987
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1140929
+Node: Extension Sample Time1142024
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1143776
+Node: gawkextlib1144268
+Node: Extension summary1147186
+Node: Extension Exercises1150888
+Node: Language History1152130
+Node: V7/SVR3.11153786
+Node: SVR41155938
+Node: POSIX1157372
+Node: BTL1158753
+Node: POSIX/GNU1159482
+Node: Feature History1165260
+Node: Common Extensions1181579
+Node: Ranges and Locales1182862
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11187478
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21187505
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31187740
+Node: Contributors1187963
+Node: History summary1193960
+Node: Installation1195340
+Node: Gawk Distribution1196284
+Node: Getting1196768
+Node: Extracting1197731
+Node: Distribution contents1199369
+Node: Unix Installation1205849
+Node: Quick Installation1206531
+Node: Shell Startup Files1208945
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1210034
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1212349
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1214718
+Node: PC Installation1215178
+Node: PC Binary Installation1216016
+Node: PC Compiling1216451
+Node: PC Using1217568
+Node: Cygwin1221121
+Node: MSYS1222345
+Node: VMS Installation1222947
+Node: VMS Compilation1223738
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11224967
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1225025
+Node: VMS Installation Details1226710
+Node: VMS Running1228963
+Node: VMS GNV1233242
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1233977
+Node: Bugs1234448
+Node: Bug address1235111
+Node: Usenet1238093
+Node: Maintainers1239097
+Node: Other Versions1240282
+Node: Installation summary1247370
+Node: Notes1248579
+Node: Compatibility Mode1249373
+Node: Additions1250155
+Node: Accessing The Source1251080
+Node: Adding Code1252517
+Node: New Ports1258736
+Node: Derived Files1263111
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11268771
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21268806
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31269404
+Node: Future Extensions1269518
+Node: Implementation Limitations1270176
+Node: Extension Design1271359
+Node: Old Extension Problems1272503
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11274021
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1274078
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11277442
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1277631
+Node: Extension Future Growth1279744
+Node: Notes summary1280350
+Node: Basic Concepts1281508
+Node: Basic High Level1282189
+Ref: figure-general-flow1282471
+Ref: figure-process-flow1283156
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11286457
+Node: Basic Data Typing1286642
+Node: Glossary1289970
+Node: Copying1321855
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1359398
+Node: Index1384518
 
 End Tag Table
 
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index ca99f017..cbc71886 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -577,6 +577,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
 * Allowing trailing data::              Capturing optional trailing data.
 * Fields with fixed data::              Field values with fixed-width data.
 * Splitting By Content::                Defining Fields By Content
+* More CSV::                            More on CSV files.
 * Testing field creation::              Checking how @command{gawk} is
                                         splitting records.
 * Multiple Line::                       Reading multiline records.
@@ -8188,6 +8189,10 @@ four, and @code{$4} has the value @code{"ddd"}.
 @node Splitting By Content
 @section Defining Fields by Content
 
+@menu
+* More CSV::                    More on CSV files.
+@end menu
+
 @c O'Reilly doesn't like it as a note the first thing in the section.
 This @value{SECTION} discusses an advanced
 feature of @command{gawk}.  If you are a novice @command{awk} user,
@@ -8227,7 +8232,9 @@ This regular expression describes the contents of each field.
 
 In the case of CSV data as presented here, each field is either ``anything that
 is not a comma,'' or ``a double quote, anything that is not a double quote, and a
-closing double quote.''  If written as a regular expression constant
+closing double quote.''  (There are more complicated definitions of CSV data,
+treated shortly.)
+If written as a regular expression constant
 (@pxref{Regexp}),
 we would have @code{/([^,]+)|("[^"]+")/}.
 Writing this as a string requires us to escape the double quotes, leading to:
@@ -8283,12 +8290,6 @@ if (substr($i, 1, 1) == "\"") @{
 @}
 @end example
 
-As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
-affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
-
-Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
-with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
-
 @quotation NOTE
 Some programs export CSV data that contains embedded newlines between
 the double quotes.  @command{gawk} provides no way to deal with this.
@@ -8311,9 +8312,78 @@ FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
 @c (star in latter part of value) to allow quoted strings to be empty.
 @c Per email from Ed Morton <mortoneccc@comcast.net>
 
+As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
+affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
+
+Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
+with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
+
 Finally, the @code{patsplit()} function makes the same functionality
 available for splitting regular strings (@pxref{String Functions}).
 
+@node More CSV
+@subsection More on CSV Files
+
+Manuel Collado notes that in addition to commas, a CSV field can also
+contains quotes, that have to be escaped by doubling them. The previously
+described regexps fail to accept quoted fields with both commas and
+quotes inside. He suggests that the simplest @code{FPAT} expression that
+recognizes this kind of fields is @code{/([^,]*)|("([^"]|"")+")/}. He
+provides the following imput data test these variants:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/sample.csv
+p,"q,r",s
+p,"q""r",s
+p,"q,""r",s
+p,"",s
+p,,s
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+And here is his test program:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/test-csv.awk
+@group
+BEGIN @{
+     fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+     fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+     fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
+     FPAT =  fp[fpat+0]
+@}
+@end group
+
+@group
+@{
+     print "<" $0 ">"
+     printf("NF = %s ", NF)
+     for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) @{
+         printf("<%s>", $i)
+     @}
+     print ""
+@}
+@end group
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+When run on the third variant, it produces:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv}
+@print{} <p,"q,r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q,""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><""><s>
+@print{} <p,,s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><><s>
+@end example
+
 @node Testing field creation
 @section Checking How @command{gawk} Is Splitting Records
 
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 66cac326..940cd73d 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -572,6 +572,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
 * Allowing trailing data::              Capturing optional trailing data.
 * Fields with fixed data::              Field values with fixed-width data.
 * Splitting By Content::                Defining Fields By Content
+* More CSV::                            More on CSV files.
 * Testing field creation::              Checking how @command{gawk} is
                                         splitting records.
 * Multiple Line::                       Reading multiline records.
@@ -7785,6 +7786,10 @@ four, and @code{$4} has the value @code{"ddd"}.
 @node Splitting By Content
 @section Defining Fields by Content
 
+@menu
+* More CSV::                    More on CSV files.
+@end menu
+
 @c O'Reilly doesn't like it as a note the first thing in the section.
 This @value{SECTION} discusses an advanced
 feature of @command{gawk}.  If you are a novice @command{awk} user,
@@ -7824,7 +7829,9 @@ This regular expression describes the contents of each field.
 
 In the case of CSV data as presented here, each field is either ``anything that
 is not a comma,'' or ``a double quote, anything that is not a double quote, and a
-closing double quote.''  If written as a regular expression constant
+closing double quote.''  (There are more complicated definitions of CSV data,
+treated shortly.)
+If written as a regular expression constant
 (@pxref{Regexp}),
 we would have @code{/([^,]+)|("[^"]+")/}.
 Writing this as a string requires us to escape the double quotes, leading to:
@@ -7880,12 +7887,6 @@ if (substr($i, 1, 1) == "\"") @{
 @}
 @end example
 
-As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
-affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
-
-Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
-with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
-
 @quotation NOTE
 Some programs export CSV data that contains embedded newlines between
 the double quotes.  @command{gawk} provides no way to deal with this.
@@ -7908,9 +7909,78 @@ FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
 @c (star in latter part of value) to allow quoted strings to be empty.
 @c Per email from Ed Morton <mortoneccc@comcast.net>
 
+As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
+affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
+
+Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
+with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
+
 Finally, the @code{patsplit()} function makes the same functionality
 available for splitting regular strings (@pxref{String Functions}).
 
+@node More CSV
+@subsection More on CSV Files
+
+Manuel Collado notes that in addition to commas, a CSV field can also
+contains quotes, that have to be escaped by doubling them. The previously
+described regexps fail to accept quoted fields with both commas and
+quotes inside. He suggests that the simplest @code{FPAT} expression that
+recognizes this kind of fields is @code{/([^,]*)|("([^"]|"")+")/}. He
+provides the following imput data test these variants:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/sample.csv
+p,"q,r",s
+p,"q""r",s
+p,"q,""r",s
+p,"",s
+p,,s
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+And here is his test program:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/test-csv.awk
+@group
+BEGIN @{
+     fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+     fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+     fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
+     FPAT =  fp[fpat+0]
+@}
+@end group
+
+@group
+@{
+     print "<" $0 ">"
+     printf("NF = %s ", NF)
+     for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) @{
+         printf("<%s>", $i)
+     @}
+     print ""
+@}
+@end group
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+When run on the third variant, it produces:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv}
+@print{} <p,"q,r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q,""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><""><s>
+@print{} <p,,s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><><s>
+@end example
+
 @node Testing field creation
 @section Checking How @command{gawk} Is Splitting Records