Add section in doc on generating CSV data.

5 files changed, 903 insertions, 620 deletions

diff --git a/awklib/eg/lib/tocsv.awk b/awklib/eg/lib/tocsv.awk
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..239822ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/awklib/eg/lib/tocsv.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# tocsv.awk --- convert data to CSV format
+#
+# Arnold Robbins, arnold@skeeve.com, Public Domain
+# April 2023
+
+function tocsv(fields, sep,     i, j, nfields, result)
+{
+    if (length(fields) == 0)
+        return ""
+
+    if (sep == "")
+        sep = ","
+    delete nfields
+    for (i = 1; i in fields; i++) {
+        nfields[i] = fields[i]
+        if (nfields[i] ~ /["\n]/ || index(nfields[i], sep) != 0) {
+            gsub(/"/, "\"\"", nfields[i])       # double up quotes
+            nfields[i] = "\"" nfields[i] "\""   # wrap in quotes
+        }
+    }
+
+    result = nfields[1]
+    j = length(nfields)
+    for (i = 2; i <= j; i++)
+        result = result sep nfields[i]
+
+    return result
+}
+function tocsv_rec(sep,     i, fields)
+{
+    delete feilds
+    for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
+        fields[i] = $i
+
+    return tocsv(fields, sep)
+}
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 13e2f082..ac984601 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2023-04-07         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in (To CSV Function): New section.
+
 2023-04-06         Andrew J. Schorr      <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com>
 
 	* gawktexi.in (Carriage-Return--Line-Feed Line Endings In CSV Files):
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index e3bcc9e7..721262a5 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ in (a) below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
                                         Pipes.
 * Close Return Value::                  Using the return value from
                                         ‘close()’.
-* Nonfatal::                            Enabling Nonfatal Output.
 * Noflush::                             Speeding Up Pipe Output.
+* Nonfatal::                            Enabling Nonfatal Output.
 * Output Summary::                      Output summary.
 * Output Exercises::                    Exercises.
 * Values::                              Constants, Variables, and Regular
@@ -444,6 +444,8 @@ in (a) below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
                                         shell.
 * Isnumeric Function::                  A function to test whether a value is
                                         numeric.
+* To CSV Function::                     A function to convert output to CSV
+                                        format.
 * Data File Management::                Functions for managing command-line
                                         data files.
 * Filetrans Function::                  A function for handling data file
@@ -16131,6 +16133,7 @@ programming use.
 * Readfile Function::           A function to read an entire file at once.
 * Shell Quoting::               A function to quote strings for the shell.
 * Isnumeric Function::          A function to test whether a value is numeric.
+* To CSV Function::             A function to convert output to CSV format.
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Strtonum Function,  Next: Assert Function,  Up: General Functions
@@ -16718,7 +16721,7 @@ three-character string ‘"\"'\""’:
      }
 
 
-File: gawk.info,  Node: Isnumeric Function,  Prev: Shell Quoting,  Up: General Functions
+File: gawk.info,  Node: Isnumeric Function,  Next: To CSV Function,  Prev: Shell Quoting,  Up: General Functions
 
 10.2.10 Checking Whether A Value Is Numeric
 -------------------------------------------
@@ -16755,6 +16758,69 @@ yield the original string.  On the other hand, it uses the ‘typeof()’
 function (*note Type Functions::), which is specific to ‘gawk’.
 
 
+File: gawk.info,  Node: To CSV Function,  Prev: Isnumeric Function,  Up: General Functions
+
+10.2.11 Producing CSV Data
+--------------------------
+
+‘gawk’’s ‘--csv’ option causes ‘gawk’ to process CSV data (*note Comma
+Separated Fields::).
+
+   But what if you have regular data that you want to output in CSV
+format?  This minor node provides functions for doing that.
+
+   The first function, ‘tocsv()’, takes an array of data fields as
+input.  The array should be indexed starting from one.  The optional
+second parameter is the separator to use.  If none is supplied, the
+default is a comma.
+
+   The function takes care to quote fields that contain double quotes,
+newlines, or the separator character.  It then builds up the final CSV
+record and returns it.
+
+     # tocsv.awk --- convert data to CSV format
+
+     function tocsv(fields, sep,     i, j, nfields, result)
+     {
+         if (length(fields) == 0)
+             return ""
+
+         if (sep == "")
+             sep = ","
+         delete nfields
+         for (i = 1; i in fields; i++) {
+             nfields[i] = fields[i]
+             if (nfields[i] ~ /["\n]/ || index(nfields[i], sep) != 0) {
+                 gsub(/"/, "\"\"", nfields[i])       # double up quotes
+                 nfields[i] = "\"" nfields[i] "\""   # wrap in quotes
+             }
+         }
+
+         result = nfields[1]
+         j = length(nfields)
+         for (i = 2; i <= j; i++)
+             result = result sep nfields[i]
+
+         return result
+     }
+
+   The next function, ‘tocsv_rec()’ is a wrapper around ‘tocsv()’.  Its
+intended use is for when you want to convert the current input record to
+CSV format.  The function itself simply copies the fields into an array
+to pass to ‘tocsv()’ which does the work.  It accepts an optional
+separator character as its first parameter, which it simply passes on to
+‘tocsv()’.
+
+     function tocsv_rec(sep,     i, fields)
+     {
+         delete feilds
+         for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
+             fields[i] = $i
+
+         return tocsv(fields, sep)
+     }
+
+
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Data File Management,  Next: Getopt Function,  Prev: General Functions,  Up: Library Functions
 
 10.3 Data file Management
@@ -36788,6 +36854,8 @@ Index
                                                               (line  23)
 * Comma separated values (CSV) data, parsing with FPAT library: More CSV.
                                                               (line  52)
+* comma separated values (CSV) data, generating CSV data: To CSV Function.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * command completion, in debugger:       Readline Support.    (line   6)
 * command line, formats:                 Running gawk.        (line  12)
 * command line, option -f:               Long.                (line  12)
@@ -36912,6 +36980,8 @@ Index
                                                               (line  23)
 * CSV (comma separated values) data, parsing with CSVMODE library: More CSV.
                                                               (line  52)
+* CSV (comma separated values) data, generating CSV data: To CSV Function.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * CSVMODE library for gawk:              More CSV.            (line  52)
 * ctime() user-defined function:         Function Example.    (line  74)
 * Curreli, Marco:                        Contributors.        (line 147)
@@ -39339,6 +39409,8 @@ Index
 * timestamps, converting dates to:       Time Functions.      (line  77)
 * timestamps, formatted:                 Getlocaltime Function.
                                                               (line   6)
+* tocsv() user-defined function:         To CSV Function.     (line  21)
+* tocsv_rec() user-defined function:     To CSV Function.     (line  54)
 * tolower:                               String Functions.    (line 548)
 * toupper:                               String Functions.    (line 554)
 * tr utility:                            Translate Program.   (line   6)
@@ -39575,622 +39647,623 @@ Index
 
 Tag Table:
 Node: Top1229
-Node: Foreword346808
-Node: Foreword451408
-Node: Preface52957
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-155949
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-256058
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-356292
-Node: History56438
-Node: Names59056
-Ref: Names-Footnote-160219
-Node: This Manual60382
-Ref: This Manual-Footnote-167332
-Node: Conventions67444
-Node: Manual History69922
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-172959
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-273006
-Node: How To Contribute73084
-Node: Acknowledgments74034
-Node: Getting Started79032
-Node: Running gawk81559
-Node: One-shot82777
-Node: Read Terminal84080
-Node: Long86140
-Node: Executable Scripts87721
-Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-190496
-Node: Comments90603
-Node: Quoting93141
-Node: DOS Quoting98790
-Node: Sample Data Files100876
-Node: Very Simple103513
-Node: Two Rules109792
-Node: More Complex111746
-Node: Statements/Lines114186
-Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1119066
-Node: Other Features119355
-Node: When120323
-Ref: When-Footnote-1122129
-Node: Intro Summary122194
-Node: Invoking Gawk123150
-Node: Command Line124720
-Node: Options125571
-Ref: Options-Footnote-1144948
-Ref: Options-Footnote-2145183
-Node: Other Arguments145208
-Node: Naming Standard Input149385
-Node: Environment Variables150655
-Node: AWKPATH Variable151229
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1154819
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2154853
-Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable155246
-Ref: AWKLIBPATH Variable-Footnote-1157021
-Node: Other Environment Variables157418
-Node: Exit Status161914
-Node: Include Files162629
-Node: Loading Shared Libraries166689
-Node: Obsolete168181
-Node: Undocumented168817
-Node: Invoking Summary169116
-Node: Regexp172143
-Node: Regexp Usage173637
-Node: Escape Sequences175738
-Node: Regexp Operators183074
-Node: Regexp Operator Details183567
-Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1191433
-Node: Interval Expressions191592
-Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1193861
-Node: Bracket Expressions193961
-Ref: table-char-classes196521
-Node: Leftmost Longest200043
-Node: Computed Regexps201403
-Node: GNU Regexp Operators204926
-Node: Case-sensitivity208949
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1211906
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2212151
-Node: Regexp Summary212267
-Node: Reading Files213791
-Node: Records216108
-Node: awk split records217383
-Node: gawk split records222273
-Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1227567
-Node: Fields227604
-Node: Nonconstant Fields230491
-Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1232802
-Node: Changing Fields233018
-Node: Field Separators239326
-Node: Default Field Splitting242199
-Node: Regexp Field Splitting243342
-Node: Single Character Fields247171
-Node: Comma Separated Fields248260
-Ref: table-csv-examples249679
-Node: Command Line Field Separator251689
-Node: Full Line Fields255075
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1256655
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2256701
-Node: Field Splitting Summary256809
-Node: Constant Size259243
-Node: Fixed width data259987
-Node: Skipping intervening263506
-Node: Allowing trailing data264308
-Node: Fields with fixed data265373
-Node: Splitting By Content266999
-Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1271268
-Node: More CSV271431
-Node: FS versus FPAT273084
-Node: Testing field creation274293
-Node: Multiple Line276071
-Node: Getline282553
-Node: Plain Getline285139
-Node: Getline/Variable287789
-Node: Getline/File288986
-Node: Getline/Variable/File290434
-Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1292079
-Node: Getline/Pipe292175
-Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe294988
-Node: Getline/Coprocess296171
-Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess297494
-Node: Getline Notes298260
-Node: Getline Summary301221
-Ref: table-getline-variants301665
-Node: Read Timeout302570
-Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1306534
-Node: Retrying Input306592
-Node: Command-line directories307859
-Node: Input Summary308797
-Node: Input Exercises312177
-Node: Printing312617
-Node: Print314560
-Node: Print Examples316066
-Node: Output Separators318919
-Node: OFMT321030
-Node: Printf322453
-Node: Basic Printf323258
-Node: Control Letters324894
-Node: Format Modifiers330363
-Node: Printf Examples336649
-Node: Redirection339194
-Node: Special FD346268
-Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1349558
-Node: Special Files349644
-Node: Other Inherited Files350273
-Node: Special Network351338
-Node: Special Caveats352226
-Node: Close Files And Pipes353209
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1359345
-Node: Close Return Value359501
-Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values360776
-Ref: Close Return Value-Footnote-1361610
-Node: Noflush361766
-Node: Nonfatal363278
-Node: Output Summary365695
-Node: Output Exercises366981
-Node: Expressions367672
-Node: Values368874
-Node: Constants369552
-Node: Scalar Constants370249
-Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1372827
-Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-2373077
-Node: Nondecimal-numbers373157
-Node: Regexp Constants376278
-Node: Using Constant Regexps376824
-Node: Standard Regexp Constants377470
-Node: Strong Regexp Constants380770
-Node: Variables384621
-Node: Using Variables385286
-Node: Assignment Options387266
-Node: Conversion389828
-Node: Strings And Numbers390360
-Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1393579
-Node: Locale influences conversions393688
-Ref: table-locale-affects396538
-Node: All Operators397181
-Node: Arithmetic Ops397822
-Node: Concatenation400652
-Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1403602
-Node: Assignment Ops403725
-Ref: table-assign-ops408864
-Node: Increment Ops410246
-Node: Truth Values and Conditions413845
-Node: Truth Values414971
-Node: Typing and Comparison416062
-Node: Variable Typing416898
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1423560
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2423640
-Node: Comparison Operators423723
-Ref: table-relational-ops424150
-Node: POSIX String Comparison427836
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1429595
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2429738
-Node: Boolean Ops429822
-Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1434515
-Node: Conditional Exp434611
-Node: Function Calls436397
-Node: Precedence440347
-Node: Locales444224
-Node: Expressions Summary445906
-Node: Patterns and Actions448569
-Node: Pattern Overview449711
-Node: Regexp Patterns451437
-Node: Expression Patterns451983
-Node: Ranges455892
-Node: BEGIN/END459070
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-Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1462793
-Node: I/O And BEGIN/END462903
-Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE465384
-Node: Empty468825
-Node: Using Shell Variables469142
-Node: Action Overview471480
-Node: Statements473915
-Node: If Statement475813
-Node: While Statement477382
-Node: Do Statement479470
-Node: For Statement480656
-Node: Switch Statement484013
-Node: Break Statement486564
-Node: Continue Statement488756
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-Node: Exit Statement496046
-Node: Built-in Variables498579
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-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1526068
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2526286
-Node: ARGC and ARGV526342
-Node: Pattern Action Summary530781
-Node: Arrays533397
-Node: Array Basics534774
-Node: Array Intro535624
-Ref: figure-array-elements537640
-Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1540509
-Node: Reference to Elements540641
-Node: Assigning Elements543163
-Node: Array Example543658
-Node: Scanning an Array545627
-Node: Controlling Scanning548724
-Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1555370
-Node: Numeric Array Subscripts555694
-Node: Uninitialized Subscripts557968
-Node: Delete559647
-Ref: Delete-Footnote-1562461
-Node: Multidimensional562518
-Node: Multiscanning565723
-Node: Arrays of Arrays567395
-Node: Arrays Summary572295
-Node: Functions574484
-Node: Built-in575544
-Node: Calling Built-in576733
-Node: Boolean Functions578780
-Node: Numeric Functions579350
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1583543
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2584227
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3584279
-Node: String Functions584555
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1610786
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2610920
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3611180
-Node: Gory Details611267
-Ref: table-sub-escapes613174
-Ref: table-sub-proposed614820
-Ref: table-posix-sub616330
-Ref: table-gensub-escapes618018
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1618952
-Node: I/O Functions619106
-Ref: table-system-return-values625793
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1627964
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2628112
-Node: Time Functions628232
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1639388
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2639464
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3639626
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4639737
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5639855
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6640090
-Node: Bitwise Functions640372
-Ref: table-bitwise-ops640974
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1647228
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2647407
-Node: Type Functions647604
-Node: I18N Functions651197
-Node: User-defined652940
-Node: Definition Syntax653760
-Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1659588
-Node: Function Example659665
-Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1662644
-Node: Function Calling662666
-Node: Calling A Function663260
-Node: Variable Scope664230
-Node: Pass By Value/Reference667284
-Node: Function Caveats670016
-Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1672111
-Node: Return Statement672235
-Node: Dynamic Typing675290
-Node: Indirect Calls677682
-Node: Functions Summary688841
-Node: Library Functions691618
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1695166
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2695309
-Node: Library Names695484
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1699278
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2699505
-Node: General Functions699601
-Node: Strtonum Function700795
-Node: Assert Function703877
-Node: Round Function707329
-Node: Cliff Random Function708907
-Node: Ordinal Functions709940
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1713049
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2713301
-Node: Join Function713515
-Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1715318
-Node: Getlocaltime Function715522
-Node: Readfile Function719296
-Node: Shell Quoting721325
-Node: Isnumeric Function722781
-Node: Data File Management724193
-Node: Filetrans Function724825
-Node: Rewind Function729119
-Node: File Checking731098
-Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1732470
-Node: Empty Files732677
-Node: Ignoring Assigns734744
-Node: Getopt Function736318
-Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1752152
-Node: Passwd Functions752364
-Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1761546
-Node: Group Functions761634
-Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1769772
-Node: Walking Arrays769985
-Node: Library Functions Summary773033
-Node: Library Exercises774457
-Node: Sample Programs774944
-Node: Running Examples775726
-Node: Clones776478
-Node: Cut Program777750
-Node: Egrep Program788191
-Node: Id Program797508
-Node: Split Program807622
-Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1817857
-Node: Tee Program818044
-Node: Uniq Program820953
-Node: Wc Program828818
-Node: Bytes vs. Characters829213
-Node: Using extensions830815
-Node: wc program831595
-Node: Miscellaneous Programs836601
-Node: Dupword Program837830
-Node: Alarm Program839893
-Node: Translate Program844806
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1849547
-Node: Labels Program849825
-Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1853266
-Node: Word Sorting853358
-Node: History Sorting857552
-Node: Extract Program859827
-Node: Simple Sed868096
-Node: Igawk Program871312
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1886559
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2886765
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3886895
-Node: Anagram Program887022
-Node: Signature Program890118
-Node: Programs Summary891370
-Node: Programs Exercises892628
-Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1896944
-Node: Advanced Features897030
-Node: Nondecimal Data899524
-Node: Boolean Typed Values901154
-Node: Array Sorting903129
-Node: Controlling Array Traversal903858
-Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1912365
-Node: Array Sorting Functions912487
-Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1918606
-Node: Two-way I/O918814
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1926809
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2927000
-Node: TCP/IP Networking927082
-Node: Profiling930262
-Node: Persistent Memory939972
-Ref: Persistent Memory-Footnote-1948930
-Node: Extension Philosophy949061
-Node: Advanced Features Summary950596
-Node: Internationalization952866
-Node: I18N and L10N954572
-Node: Explaining gettext955267
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1961420
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2961615
-Node: Programmer i18n961780
-Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1966893
-Node: Translator i18n966942
-Node: String Extraction967778
-Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1968956
-Node: Printf Ordering969054
-Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1971916
-Node: I18N Portability971984
-Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1974558
-Node: I18N Example974629
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1978029
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2978105
-Node: Gawk I18N978222
-Node: I18N Summary978878
-Node: Debugger980279
-Node: Debugging981303
-Node: Debugging Concepts981752
-Node: Debugging Terms983578
-Node: Awk Debugging986191
-Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1987168
-Node: Sample Debugging Session987308
-Node: Debugger Invocation987860
-Node: Finding The Bug989489
-Node: List of Debugger Commands996175
-Node: Breakpoint Control997552
-Node: Debugger Execution Control1001384
-Node: Viewing And Changing Data1004864
-Node: Execution Stack1008602
-Node: Debugger Info1010283
-Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands1014582
-Node: Readline Support1019835
-Node: Limitations1020781
-Node: Debugging Summary1023425
-Node: Namespaces1024728
-Node: Global Namespace1025855
-Node: Qualified Names1027300
-Node: Default Namespace1028335
-Node: Changing The Namespace1029110
-Node: Naming Rules1030804
-Node: Internal Name Management1032719
-Node: Namespace Example1033789
-Node: Namespace And Features1036372
-Node: Namespace Summary1037829
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic1039342
-Node: Computer Arithmetic1040861
-Ref: table-numeric-ranges1044678
-Ref: table-floating-point-ranges1045176
-Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-11045835
-Node: Math Definitions1045894
-Ref: table-ieee-formats1048939
-Node: MPFR features1049513
-Node: MPFR On Parole1049966
-Ref: MPFR On Parole-Footnote-11050810
-Node: MPFR Intro1050969
-Node: FP Math Caution1052659
-Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-11053733
-Node: Inexactness of computations1054110
-Node: Inexact representation1055141
-Node: Comparing FP Values1056524
-Node: Errors accumulate1057782
-Node: Strange values1059249
-Ref: Strange values-Footnote-11061915
-Node: Getting Accuracy1062020
-Node: Try To Round1064757
-Node: Setting precision1065664
-Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings1066369
-Node: Setting the rounding mode1068254
-Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes1068636
-Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-11072694
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers1072877
-Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-11076089
-Node: Checking for MPFR1076245
-Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems1077735
-Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-11082599
-Node: Floating point summary1082637
-Node: Dynamic Extensions1084901
-Node: Extension Intro1086500
-Node: Plugin License1087808
-Node: Extension Mechanism Outline1088621
-Ref: figure-load-extension1089072
-Ref: figure-register-new-function1090657
-Ref: figure-call-new-function1091767
-Node: Extension API Description1093891
-Node: Extension API Functions Introduction1095620
-Ref: table-api-std-headers1097518
-Node: General Data Types1101982
-Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11111150
-Node: Memory Allocation Functions1111465
-Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11116190
-Node: Constructor Functions1116289
-Node: API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values1120194
-Node: Registration Functions1121755
-Node: Extension Functions1122459
-Node: Exit Callback Functions1128035
-Node: Extension Version String1129354
-Node: Input Parsers1130049
-Node: Output Wrappers1144693
-Node: Two-way processors1149541
-Node: Printing Messages1151902
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+Node: Extracting1313906
+Node: Distribution contents1315618
+Node: Unix Installation1323698
+Node: Quick Installation1324520
+Node: Compiling with MPFR1327066
+Node: Shell Startup Files1327772
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1328929
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1331316
+Node: Compiling from Git1333818
+Node: Building the Documentation1334377
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1335789
+Node: PC Installation1336265
+Node: PC Binary Installation1337138
+Node: PC Compiling1338043
+Node: PC Using1339221
+Node: Cygwin1342949
+Node: MSYS1344205
+Node: OpenVMS Installation1344837
+Node: OpenVMS Compilation1345518
+Ref: OpenVMS Compilation-Footnote-11347001
+Node: OpenVMS Dynamic Extensions1347063
+Node: OpenVMS Installation Details1348699
+Node: OpenVMS Running1351134
+Node: OpenVMS GNV1355271
+Node: Bugs1356026
+Node: Bug definition1356950
+Node: Bug address1360601
+Node: Usenet1364192
+Node: Performance bugs1365423
+Node: Asking for help1368441
+Node: Maintainers1370432
+Node: Other Versions1371459
+Node: Installation summary1380391
+Node: Notes1381775
+Node: Compatibility Mode1382585
+Node: Additions1383407
+Node: Accessing The Source1384352
+Node: Adding Code1385887
+Node: New Ports1393023
+Node: Derived Files1397533
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11403380
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21403415
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31404032
+Node: Future Extensions1404146
+Node: Implementation Limitations1404818
+Node: Extension Design1406060
+Node: Old Extension Problems1407224
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11408800
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1408861
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11412357
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1412558
+Node: Extension Future Growth1414757
+Node: Notes summary1415381
+Node: Basic Concepts1416594
+Node: Basic High Level1417279
+Ref: figure-general-flow1417561
+Ref: figure-process-flow1418268
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11421669
+Node: Basic Data Typing1421858
+Node: Glossary1425276
+Node: Copying1458398
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1496159
+Node: Index1521482
 
 End Tag Table
 
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 55c99d2e..38527dca 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -657,8 +657,8 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
                                         Pipes.
 * Close Return Value::                  Using the return value from
                                         @code{close()}.
-* Nonfatal::                            Enabling Nonfatal Output.
 * Noflush::                             Speeding Up Pipe Output.
+* Nonfatal::                            Enabling Nonfatal Output.
 * Output Summary::                      Output summary.
 * Output Exercises::                    Exercises.
 * Values::                              Constants, Variables, and Regular
@@ -840,6 +840,8 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
                                         shell.
 * Isnumeric Function::                  A function to test whether a value is
                                         numeric.
+* To CSV Function::                     A function to convert output to CSV
+                                        format.
 * Data File Management::                Functions for managing command-line
                                         data files.
 * Filetrans Function::                  A function for handling data file
@@ -22994,6 +22996,7 @@ programming use.
 * Readfile Function::           A function to read an entire file at once.
 * Shell Quoting::               A function to quote strings for the shell.
 * Isnumeric Function::          A function to test whether a value is numeric.
+* To CSV Function::             A function to convert output to CSV format.
 @end menu
 
 @node Strtonum Function
@@ -23825,6 +23828,88 @@ the original string.
 On the other hand, it uses the @code{typeof()} function
 (@pxref{Type Functions}), which is specific to @command{gawk}.
 
+@node To CSV Function
+@subsection Producing CSV Data
+
+@cindex comma separated values (CSV) data @subentry generating CSV data
+@cindex CSV (comma separated values) data @subentry generating CSV data
+@command{gawk}'s @option{--csv} option causes @command{gawk}
+to process CSV data (@pxref{Comma Separated Fields}).
+
+But what if you have regular data that you want to output
+in CSV format?  This @value{SECTION} provides functions for
+doing that.
+
+The first function, @code{tocsv()}, takes an array of data
+fields as input. The array should be indexed starting from one.
+The optional second parameter is the separator to use. If none
+is supplied, the default is a comma.
+
+The function takes care to quote fields that contain double
+quotes, newlines, or the separator character.  It then builds
+up the final CSV record and returns it.
+
+@cindex @code{tocsv()} user-defined function
+@example
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+# tocsv.awk --- convert data to CSV format
+@c endfile
+@ignore
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+#
+# Arnold Robbins, arnold@@skeeve.com, Public Domain
+# April 2023
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+
+function tocsv(fields, sep,     i, j, nfields, result)
+@{
+    if (length(fields) == 0)
+        return ""
+
+    if (sep == "")
+        sep = ","
+    delete nfields
+    for (i = 1; i in fields; i++) @{
+        nfields[i] = fields[i]
+        if (nfields[i] ~ /["\n]/ || index(nfields[i], sep) != 0) @{
+            gsub(/"/, "\"\"", nfields[i])       # double up quotes
+            nfields[i] = "\"" nfields[i] "\""   # wrap in quotes
+        @}
+    @}
+
+    result = nfields[1]
+    j = length(nfields)
+    for (i = 2; i <= j; i++)
+        result = result sep nfields[i]
+
+    return result
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+The next function, @code{tocsv_rec()} is a wrapper around
+@code{tocsv()}. Its intended use is for when you want to convert the
+current input record to CSV format.  The function itself simply copies
+the fields into an array to pass to @code{tocsv()} which does the work.
+It accepts an optional separator character as its first parameter,
+which it simply passes on to @code{tocsv()}.
+
+@cindex @code{tocsv_rec()} user-defined function
+@example
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+function tocsv_rec(sep,     i, fields)
+@{
+    delete feilds
+    for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
+        fields[i] = $i
+
+    return tocsv(fields, sep)
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
 @node Data File Management
 @section @value{DDF} Management
 
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 44a7d551..f80d0335 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -652,8 +652,8 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
                                         Pipes.
 * Close Return Value::                  Using the return value from
                                         @code{close()}.
-* Nonfatal::                            Enabling Nonfatal Output.
 * Noflush::                             Speeding Up Pipe Output.
+* Nonfatal::                            Enabling Nonfatal Output.
 * Output Summary::                      Output summary.
 * Output Exercises::                    Exercises.
 * Values::                              Constants, Variables, and Regular
@@ -835,6 +835,8 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon them.
                                         shell.
 * Isnumeric Function::                  A function to test whether a value is
                                         numeric.
+* To CSV Function::                     A function to convert output to CSV
+                                        format.
 * Data File Management::                Functions for managing command-line
                                         data files.
 * Filetrans Function::                  A function for handling data file
@@ -21947,6 +21949,7 @@ programming use.
 * Readfile Function::           A function to read an entire file at once.
 * Shell Quoting::               A function to quote strings for the shell.
 * Isnumeric Function::          A function to test whether a value is numeric.
+* To CSV Function::             A function to convert output to CSV format.
 @end menu
 
 @node Strtonum Function
@@ -22778,6 +22781,88 @@ the original string.
 On the other hand, it uses the @code{typeof()} function
 (@pxref{Type Functions}), which is specific to @command{gawk}.
 
+@node To CSV Function
+@subsection Producing CSV Data
+
+@cindex comma separated values (CSV) data @subentry generating CSV data
+@cindex CSV (comma separated values) data @subentry generating CSV data
+@command{gawk}'s @option{--csv} option causes @command{gawk}
+to process CSV data (@pxref{Comma Separated Fields}).
+
+But what if you have regular data that you want to output
+in CSV format?  This @value{SECTION} provides functions for
+doing that.
+
+The first function, @code{tocsv()}, takes an array of data
+fields as input. The array should be indexed starting from one.
+The optional second parameter is the separator to use. If none
+is supplied, the default is a comma.
+
+The function takes care to quote fields that contain double
+quotes, newlines, or the separator character.  It then builds
+up the final CSV record and returns it.
+
+@cindex @code{tocsv()} user-defined function
+@example
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+# tocsv.awk --- convert data to CSV format
+@c endfile
+@ignore
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+#
+# Arnold Robbins, arnold@@skeeve.com, Public Domain
+# April 2023
+@c endfile
+@end ignore
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+
+function tocsv(fields, sep,     i, j, nfields, result)
+@{
+    if (length(fields) == 0)
+        return ""
+
+    if (sep == "")
+        sep = ","
+    delete nfields
+    for (i = 1; i in fields; i++) @{
+        nfields[i] = fields[i]
+        if (nfields[i] ~ /["\n]/ || index(nfields[i], sep) != 0) @{
+            gsub(/"/, "\"\"", nfields[i])       # double up quotes
+            nfields[i] = "\"" nfields[i] "\""   # wrap in quotes
+        @}
+    @}
+
+    result = nfields[1]
+    j = length(nfields)
+    for (i = 2; i <= j; i++)
+        result = result sep nfields[i]
+
+    return result
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+The next function, @code{tocsv_rec()} is a wrapper around
+@code{tocsv()}. Its intended use is for when you want to convert the
+current input record to CSV format.  The function itself simply copies
+the fields into an array to pass to @code{tocsv()} which does the work.
+It accepts an optional separator character as its first parameter,
+which it simply passes on to @code{tocsv()}.
+
+@cindex @code{tocsv_rec()} user-defined function
+@example
+@c file eg/lib/tocsv.awk
+function tocsv_rec(sep,     i, fields)
+@{
+    delete feilds
+    for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
+        fields[i] = $i
+
+    return tocsv(fields, sep)
+@}
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
 @node Data File Management
 @section @value{DDF} Management