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authorJeff King <peff@peff.net>2013-07-11 08:16:00 -0400
committerJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>2013-07-12 09:20:54 -0700
commit8b8dfd5132ce91f632b5303c39cda2dfe30790f1 (patch)
treee0270e3d3c98f33fe3eff438a666dd46c736f951
parent012b32bb46459f96509669c2f5be0a93a95a2b43 (diff)
downloadgit-jk/in-pack-size-measurement.tar.gz
pack-revindex: radix-sort the revindexjk/in-pack-size-measurement
The pack revindex stores the offsets of the objects in the pack in sorted order, allowing us to easily find the on-disk size of each object. To compute it, we populate an array with the offsets from the sha1-sorted idx file, and then use qsort to order it by offsets. That does O(n log n) offset comparisons, and profiling shows that we spend most of our time in cmp_offset. However, since we are sorting on a simple off_t, we can use numeric sorts that perform better. A radix sort can run in O(k*n), where k is the number of "digits" in our number. For a 64-bit off_t, using 16-bit "digits" gives us k=4. On the linux.git repo, with about 3M objects to sort, this yields a 400% speedup. Here are the best-of-five numbers for running echo HEAD | git cat-file --batch-check="%(objectsize:disk) on a fully packed repository, which is dominated by time spent building the pack revindex: before after real 0m0.834s 0m0.204s user 0m0.788s 0m0.164s sys 0m0.040s 0m0.036s This matches our algorithmic expectations. log(3M) is ~21.5, so a traditional sort is ~21.5n. Our radix sort runs in k*n, where k is the number of radix digits. In the worst case, this is k=4 for a 64-bit off_t, but we can quit early when the largest value to be sorted is smaller. For any repository under 4G, k=2. Our algorithm makes two passes over the list per radix digit, so we end up with 4n. That should yield ~5.3x speedup. We see 4x here; the difference is probably due to the extra bucket book-keeping the radix sort has to do. On a smaller repo, the difference is less impressive, as log(n) is smaller. For git.git, with 173K objects (but still k=2), we see a 2.7x improvement: before after real 0m0.046s 0m0.017s user 0m0.036s 0m0.012s sys 0m0.008s 0m0.000s On even tinier repos (e.g., a few hundred objects), the speedup goes away entirely, as the small advantage of the radix sort gets erased by the book-keeping costs (and at those sizes, the cost to generate the the rev-index gets lost in the noise anyway). Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Reviewed-by: Brandon Casey <drafnel@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-rw-r--r--pack-revindex.c100
1 files changed, 95 insertions, 5 deletions
diff --git a/pack-revindex.c b/pack-revindex.c
index 1aa9754384..b4d2b35bb3 100644
--- a/pack-revindex.c
+++ b/pack-revindex.c
@@ -59,11 +59,101 @@ static void init_pack_revindex(void)
/* revindex elements are lazily initialized */
}
-static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+/*
+ * This is a least-significant-digit radix sort.
+ *
+ * It sorts each of the "n" items in "entries" by its offset field. The "max"
+ * parameter must be at least as large as the largest offset in the array,
+ * and lets us quit the sort early.
+ */
+static void sort_revindex(struct revindex_entry *entries, unsigned n, off_t max)
{
- const struct revindex_entry *a = a_;
- const struct revindex_entry *b = b_;
- return (a->offset < b->offset) ? -1 : (a->offset > b->offset) ? 1 : 0;
+ /*
+ * We use a "digit" size of 16 bits. That keeps our memory
+ * usage reasonable, and we can generally (for a 4G or smaller
+ * packfile) quit after two rounds of radix-sorting.
+ */
+#define DIGIT_SIZE (16)
+#define BUCKETS (1 << DIGIT_SIZE)
+ /*
+ * We want to know the bucket that a[i] will go into when we are using
+ * the digit that is N bits from the (least significant) end.
+ */
+#define BUCKET_FOR(a, i, bits) (((a)[(i)].offset >> (bits)) & (BUCKETS-1))
+
+ /*
+ * We need O(n) temporary storage. Rather than do an extra copy of the
+ * partial results into "entries", we sort back and forth between the
+ * real array and temporary storage. In each iteration of the loop, we
+ * keep track of them with alias pointers, always sorting from "from"
+ * to "to".
+ */
+ struct revindex_entry *tmp = xmalloc(n * sizeof(*tmp));
+ struct revindex_entry *from = entries, *to = tmp;
+ int bits;
+ unsigned *pos = xmalloc(BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+ /*
+ * If (max >> bits) is zero, then we know that the radix digit we are
+ * on (and any higher) will be zero for all entries, and our loop will
+ * be a no-op, as everybody lands in the same zero-th bucket.
+ */
+ for (bits = 0; max >> bits; bits += DIGIT_SIZE) {
+ struct revindex_entry *swap;
+ unsigned i;
+
+ memset(pos, 0, BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+ /*
+ * We want pos[i] to store the index of the last element that
+ * will go in bucket "i" (actually one past the last element).
+ * To do this, we first count the items that will go in each
+ * bucket, which gives us a relative offset from the last
+ * bucket. We can then cumulatively add the index from the
+ * previous bucket to get the true index.
+ */
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]++;
+ for (i = 1; i < BUCKETS; i++)
+ pos[i] += pos[i-1];
+
+ /*
+ * Now we can drop the elements into their correct buckets (in
+ * our temporary array). We iterate the pos counter backwards
+ * to avoid using an extra index to count up. And since we are
+ * going backwards there, we must also go backwards through the
+ * array itself, to keep the sort stable.
+ *
+ * Note that we use an unsigned iterator to make sure we can
+ * handle 2^32-1 objects, even on a 32-bit system. But this
+ * means we cannot use the more obvious "i >= 0" loop condition
+ * for counting backwards, and must instead check for
+ * wrap-around with UINT_MAX.
+ */
+ for (i = n - 1; i != UINT_MAX; i--)
+ to[--pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]] = from[i];
+
+ /*
+ * Now "to" contains the most sorted list, so we swap "from" and
+ * "to" for the next iteration.
+ */
+ swap = from;
+ from = to;
+ to = swap;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * If we ended with our data in the original array, great. If not,
+ * we have to move it back from the temporary storage.
+ */
+ if (from != entries)
+ memcpy(entries, tmp, n * sizeof(*entries));
+ free(tmp);
+ free(pos);
+
+#undef BUCKET_FOR
+#undef BUCKETS
+#undef DIGIT_SIZE
}
/*
@@ -108,7 +198,7 @@ static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
*/
rix->revindex[num_ent].offset = p->pack_size - 20;
rix->revindex[num_ent].nr = -1;
- qsort(rix->revindex, num_ent, sizeof(*rix->revindex), cmp_offset);
+ sort_revindex(rix->revindex, num_ent, p->pack_size);
}
struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)