Merge branch '20371-artifacts_present_db_check' into 'master'

Check for Ci::Build artifacts at database level

## What does this MR do?

Check for the presence of artifacts not expired at database level

## Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

N/A

## Why was this MR needed?

To try to improve a little the performance of the pipelines page

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #20371

## Screenshots (if relevant)

N/A

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- [x] [CHANGELOG](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG) entry added
- ~~[ ] [Documentation created/updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/development/doc_styleguide.md)~~
- ~~[ ] API support added~~
- Tests
  - [x] Added for this feature/bug
  - [ ] All builds are passing
- [x] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [x] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)
- [x] [Squashed related commits together](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History#Squashing-Commits)


See merge request !5543

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