path: root/tune/time.c

/* Time routines for speed measurments. */

/*
Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of the GNU MP Library.

The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.

The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with the GNU MP Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307, USA.
*/

/* speed_time_init() - initialize timing things.  speed_starttime() calls
   this if it hasn't been done yet, so you only need to call this explicitly
   if you want to use the global variables before the first measurement.
  
   speed_starttime() - start a time measurment.

   speed_endtime() - end a time measurment, return time taken (seconds or
   cycles).

   speed_time_string - a string describing the time method in use.

   speed_unittime - global variable with the unit of time measurement
   accuracy (seconds or cycles).

   speed_precision - global variable which is the intended accuracy of time
   measurements.  speed_measure() for instance runs target routines with
   enough repetitions so it takes at least speed_unittime*speed_precision.
   A program can provide an option so the user can set this, otherwise it
   gets a default based on the measuring method chosen.

   speed_cycletime - the time in seconds for each CPU cycle, for example on
   a 100 MHz CPU this would be 1.0e-8.  This is 0.0 when uninitialized, or
   1.0 if the CPU frequency couldn't be determined.


   speed_endtime() and speed_unittime are normally in seconds, but if a
   cycle counter is being used to measure and the CPU frequency is unknown,
   then speed_endtime() returns cycles and speed_cycletime and
   speed_unittime are 1.0.

   Notice that speed_unittime*speed_precision is the target duration for
   speed_endtime(), irrespective of whether that's in seconds or cycles.

   Call speed_cycletime_need_seconds() to demand that speed_endtime() is in
   seconds and not perhaps in cycles.

   Call speed_cycletime_need_cycles() to demand that speed_cycletime is
   non-zero, so that speed_endtime()/speed_cycletime will work to give times
   in cycles.


   Notes:

   Various combinations of cycle counter, read_real_time(), getrusage(),
   gettimeofday() and times() can arise, according to which are available
   and their precision.


   Allowing speed_endtime() to return either seconds or cycles is only a
   slight complication and makes it possible for the speed program to do
   some sensible things without demanding the CPU frequency.  If seconds are
   being measured then it can always print seconds, and if cycles are being
   measured then it can always print them without needing to know how long
   they are.  Also the tune program doesn't care at all what the units are.

   GMP_CPU_FREQUENCY can always be set when the automated methods in freq.c
   fail.  This will be needed if times in seconds are wanted but a cycle
   counter is being used, or if times in cycles are wanted but getrusage or
   another seconds based timer is in use.

   If the measuring method uses a cycle counter but supplements it with
   getrusage or the like, then knowing the CPU frequency is mandatory since
   the code compares values from the two.


   Solaris gethrtime() seems no more than a slow way to access the Sparc V9
   cycle counter.  gethrvtime() seems to be relevant only to LWP, it doesn't
   for instance give nanosecond virtual time.  So neither of these are used.

*/

#include "config.h"

#include <setjmp.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> /* for getenv() */

#if HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h> /* for sysconf() */
#endif

#include <sys/types.h>

#if TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
# include <sys/time.h>  /* for struct timeval */
# include <time.h>
#else
# if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#  include <sys/time.h>
# else
#  include <time.h>
# endif
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H
#include <sys/times.h>  /* for times() and struct tms */
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/resource.h>  /* for struct rusage */
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_SYSTEMCFG_H
#include <sys/systemcfg.h> /* for RTC_POWER on AIX */
#endif

#include "gmp.h"
#include "gmp-impl.h"

#include "speed.h"



const char *speed_time_string = NULL;
int         speed_precision = 0;
double      speed_unittime;
double      speed_cycletime = 0.0;


/* don't rely on "unsigned" to "double" conversion, it's broken in SunOS 4
   native cc */
#define M_2POWU   (((double) INT_MAX + 1.0) * 2.0)

#define M_2POW32  4294967296.0
#define M_2POW64  (M_2POW32 * M_2POW32)


/* Conditionals for which time functions are available are done with normal
   C code, which is a lot easier than wildly nested preprocessor directives.

   The choice of what to use is partly made at run-time, according to
   whether the cycle counter works and the measured accuracy of getrusage
   and gettimeofday.

   A routine that's not available won't be getting called, but is an abort()
   to be sure it isn't called mistakenly.

   It can be assumed that if a function exists then its data type will, but
   if the function doesn't then the data type might or might not exist, so
   the type can't be used unconditionally.  The "struct_rusage" etc macros
   provide dummies when the respective function doesn't exist. */


#if HAVE_SPEED_CYCLECOUNTER
static const int have_cycles = HAVE_SPEED_CYCLECOUNTER;
#else
static const int have_cycles = 0;
#define speed_cyclecounter(p)  abort()
#endif

#if HAVE_READ_REAL_TIME
static const int have_rrt = 1;
#else
static const int have_rrt = 0;
#define read_real_time(t,s)     abort()
#define time_base_to_time(t,s)  abort()
#define RTC_POWER     1
#define RTC_POWER_PC  2
#define timebasestruct_t   struct timebasestruct_dummy
struct timebasestruct_dummy {
  int             flag;
  unsigned int    tb_high;
  unsigned int    tb_low;
};
#endif

#if HAVE_GETRUSAGE
static const int have_grus = 1;
#define struct_rusage   struct rusage
#else
static const int have_grus = 0;
#define getrusage(n,ru)  abort()
#define struct_rusage    struct rusage_dummy
#endif

#if HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
static const int have_gtod = 1;
#define struct_timeval   struct timeval
#else
static const int have_gtod = 0;
#define gettimeofday(tv,tz)  abort()
#define struct_timeval   struct timeval_dummy
#endif

#if HAVE_TIMES
static const int have_times = 1;
#define struct_tms   struct tms
#else
static const int have_times = 0;
#define times(tms)  abort()
#define struct_tms   struct tms_dummy
#endif

struct tms_dummy {
  long  tms_utime;
};
struct timeval_dummy {
  long  tv_sec;
  long  tv_usec;
};
struct rusage_dummy {
  struct_timeval ru_utime;
};

static int  use_cycles;
static int  use_rrt;
static int  use_gtod;
static int  use_grus;
static int  use_times;
static int  use_tick_boundary;

static unsigned         start_cycles[2];
static timebasestruct_t start_rrt;
static struct_rusage    start_grus;
static struct_timeval   start_gtod;
static struct_tms       start_times;

static double  cycles_limit = 1e100;
static double  grus_unittime;
static double  gtod_unittime;
static double  times_unittime;


static jmp_buf  cycles_works_buf;

static RETSIGTYPE
cycles_works_handler (int sig)
{
  longjmp (cycles_works_buf, 1);
}

int
cycles_works_p (void)
{
  static int  result = -1;
  RETSIGTYPE (*old_handler) _PROTO ((int));
  unsigned  cycles[2];

  if (result != -1)
    goto done;

#ifdef SIGILL
  old_handler = signal (SIGILL, cycles_works_handler);
  if (old_handler == SIG_ERR)
    {
      if (speed_option_verbose)
        printf ("cycles_works_p(): SIGILL not supported, assuming speed_cyclecounter() works\n");
      goto yes;
    }
  if (setjmp (cycles_works_buf))
    {
      if (speed_option_verbose)
        printf ("cycles_works_p(): SIGILL during speed_cyclecounter(), so doesn't work\n");
      result = 0;
      goto done;
    }
  speed_cyclecounter (cycles);
  signal (SIGILL, old_handler);
  if (speed_option_verbose)
    printf ("cycles_works_p(): speed_cyclecounter() works\n");
#else

  if (speed_option_verbose)
    printf ("cycles_works_p(): SIGILL not defined, assuming speed_cyclecounter() works\n");
#endif

 yes:
  result = 1;

 done:
  return result;
}


long
clk_tck (void)
{
  static long  result = -1L;
  if (result != -1L)
    return result;

#if HAVE_SYSCONF
  result = sysconf (_SC_CLK_TCK);
  if (result != -1L)
    {
      if (speed_option_verbose)
        printf ("sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) is %ld per second\n", result);
      return result;
    }

  fprintf (stderr,
           "sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) not working, using CLK_TCK instead\n");
#endif

#ifdef CLK_TCK
  result = CLK_TCK;
  if (speed_option_verbose)
    printf ("CLK_TCK is %ld per second\n", result);
  return result;
#else
  fprintf (stderr, "CLK_TCK not defined, cannot continue\n");
  abort ();
#endif
}


/* Assume that if a time difference that's non-zero but less than CLK_TCK/2
   is seen then the routine is microsecond accurate.

   FIXME: What if clk_tck() is some big value (like 1000000). */

#define MICROSECONDS_P(name, decl, tv, call)                            \
  do {                                                                  \
    static int  result = -1;                                            \
                                                                        \
    long  clk_usec = 1000000L / clk_tck ();                             \
    long  prev, delta;                                                  \
    int   count = 0;                                                    \
    decl;                                                               \
                                                                        \
    if (result != -1)                                                   \
      return result;                                                    \
                                                                        \
    call;                                                               \
    prev = tv.tv_usec;                                                  \
    for (;;)                                                            \
      {                                                                 \
        call;                                                           \
                                                                        \
        delta = (tv.tv_usec - prev) % 1000000L;                         \
        if (delta != 0)                                                 \
          {                                                             \
            if (speed_option_verbose >= 2)                              \
              printf ("%s saw .%06ld -> .%06ld for delta %ld\n",        \
                      name, prev, tv.tv_usec, delta);                   \
                                                                        \
            if (delta < clk_usec/2)                                     \
              {                                                         \
                result = 1;                                             \
                break;                                                  \
              }                                                         \
                                                                        \
            count++;                                                    \
            if (count > 10)                                             \
              {                                                         \
                result = 0;                                             \
                break;                                                  \
              }                                                         \
          }                                                             \
                                                                        \
        prev = tv.tv_usec;                                              \
      }                                                                 \
                                                                        \
    if (speed_option_verbose)                                           \
      printf ("%s is %s accurate\n",                                    \
              name, result ? "microsecond" : "clock tick");             \
    return result;                                                      \
  } while (0)


int
gettimeofday_microseconds_p (void)
{
  MICROSECONDS_P ("gettimeofday",
                  struct_timeval t, t, gettimeofday (&t, NULL));
}

int
getrusage_microseconds_p (void)
{
  MICROSECONDS_P ("getrusage",
                  struct_rusage r, (r.ru_utime), getrusage (0, &r));
}


#define DEFAULT(var,n)  \
  do {                  \
    if (! (var))        \
      (var) = (n);      \
  } while (0)


void
speed_time_init (void)
{
  double supplement_unittime = 0.0;

  static int  speed_time_initialized = 0;
  if (speed_time_initialized)
    return;
  speed_time_initialized = 1;

  speed_cycletime_init ();

  if (have_cycles && cycles_works_p ())
    {
      use_cycles = 1;
      DEFAULT (speed_cycletime, 1.0);
      speed_unittime = speed_cycletime;
      DEFAULT (speed_precision, 10000);
      speed_time_string = "CPU cycle counter";

      /* only used if a supplementary method is chosen below */
      cycles_limit = (have_cycles == 1 ? M_2POW32 : M_2POW64) / 2.0
        * speed_cycletime;

      if (have_grus && getrusage_microseconds_p())
        {
          /* this is a good combination */
          use_grus = 1;
          supplement_unittime = grus_unittime = 1.0e-6;
          speed_time_string = "CPU cycle counter, supplemented by microsecond getrusage()";
        }
      else if (have_cycles == 1)
        {
          /* When speed_cyclecounter has a limited range, look for something
             to supplement it. */
          if (have_gtod && gettimeofday_microseconds_p())
            {
              use_gtod = 1;
              supplement_unittime = gtod_unittime = 1.0e-6;
              speed_time_string = "CPU cycle counter, supplemented by microsecond gettimeofday()";
            }
          else if (have_grus)
            {
              use_grus = 1;
              supplement_unittime = grus_unittime = 1.0 / (double) clk_tck ();
              speed_time_string = "CPU cycle counter, supplemented by clock tick getrusage()";
            }
          else if (have_times)
            {
              use_times = 1;
              supplement_unittime = times_unittime = 1.0 / (double) clk_tck ();
              speed_time_string = "CPU cycle counter, supplemented by clock tick times()";
            }
          else if (have_gtod)
            {
              use_gtod = 1;
              supplement_unittime = gtod_unittime = 1.0 / (double) clk_tck ();
              speed_time_string = "CPU cycle counter, supplemented by clock tick gettimeofday()";
            }
          else
            {
              fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: cycle counter is 32 bits and there's no other functions.\n");
              fprintf (stderr, "    Wraparounds may produce bad results on long measurements.\n");
            }
        }

      if (use_grus || use_times || use_gtod)
        {
          /* must know cycle period to compare cycles to other measuring
             (via cycles_limit) */
          speed_cycletime_need_seconds ();

          if (speed_precision * supplement_unittime > cycles_limit)
            {
              fprintf (stderr, "WARNING: requested precision can't always be achieved due to limited range\n");
              fprintf (stderr, "    cycle counter and limited precision supplemental method\n");
              fprintf (stderr, "    (%s)\n", speed_time_string);
            }
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* No cycle counter */

/* for RTC_POWER format */
#define TIMEBASESTRUCT_SECS(t)  ((t)->tb_high + (t)->tb_low * 1e-9)

      if (have_rrt)
        {
          timebasestruct_t  t;
          use_rrt = 1;
          DEFAULT (speed_precision, 10000);
          read_real_time (&t, sizeof(t));
          switch (t.flag) {
          case RTC_POWER:
            /* FIXME: What's the actual RTC resolution? */
            speed_unittime = 1e-7;
            speed_time_string = "read_real_time() power nanoseconds";
            break;
          case RTC_POWER_PC:
            t.tb_high = 1;
            t.tb_low = 0;
            time_base_to_time (&t, sizeof(t));
            speed_unittime = TIMEBASESTRUCT_SECS(&t) / M_2POW32;
            speed_time_string = "read_real_time() powerpc ticks";
            break;
          default:
            fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: Unrecognised timebasestruct_t flag=%d\n",
                     t.flag);
            abort ();
          }            
        }
      else if (have_grus && getrusage_microseconds_p())
        {
          use_grus = 1;
          speed_unittime = grus_unittime = 1.0e-6;
          DEFAULT (speed_precision, 1000);
          speed_time_string = "microsecond accurate getrusage()";
        }
      else if (have_gtod && gettimeofday_microseconds_p())
        {
          use_gtod = 1;
          speed_unittime = gtod_unittime = 1.0e-6;
          DEFAULT (speed_precision, 1000);
          speed_time_string = "microsecond accurate gettimeofday()";
        }
      else if (have_times)
        {
          use_times = 1;
          use_tick_boundary = 1;
          speed_unittime = times_unittime = 1.0 / (double) clk_tck ();
          DEFAULT (speed_precision, 200);
          speed_time_string = "clock tick times()";
        }
      else if (have_grus)
        {
          use_grus = 1;
          use_tick_boundary = 1;
          speed_unittime = grus_unittime = 1.0 / (double) clk_tck ();
          DEFAULT (speed_precision, 200);
          speed_time_string = "clock tick accurate getrusage()\n";
        }
      else if (have_gtod)
        {
          use_gtod = 1;
          use_tick_boundary = 1;
          speed_unittime = gtod_unittime = 1.0 / (double) clk_tck ();
          DEFAULT (speed_precision, 200);
          speed_time_string = "clock tick accurate gettimeofday()";
        }
      else
        {
          fprintf (stderr, "No time measuring method available\n");
          fprintf (stderr, "None of: speed_cyclecounter(), getrusage(), gettimeofday(), times()\n");
          abort ();
        }
    }

    if (speed_option_verbose)
      {
        printf ("speed_time_init: %s\n", speed_time_string);
        printf ("    speed_precision     %d\n", speed_precision);
        printf ("    speed_unittime      %.2g\n", speed_unittime);
        if (supplement_unittime)
          printf ("    supplement_unittime %.2g\n", supplement_unittime);
        printf ("    use_tick_boundary   %d\n", use_tick_boundary);
        if (have_cycles)
          printf ("    cycles_limit        %.2g seconds\n", cycles_limit);
      }
}



/* Burn up CPU until a clock tick boundary, for greater accuracy.  Set the
   corresponding "start_foo" appropriately too. */

void
grus_tick_boundary (void)
{
  struct_rusage  prev;
  getrusage (0, &prev);
  do {
    getrusage (0, &start_grus);
  } while (start_grus.ru_utime.tv_usec == prev.ru_utime.tv_usec);
}

void
gtod_tick_boundary (void)
{
  struct_timeval  prev;
  gettimeofday (&prev, NULL);
  do {
    gettimeofday (&start_gtod, NULL);
  } while (start_gtod.tv_usec == prev.tv_usec);
}

void
times_tick_boundary (void)
{
  struct_tms  prev;
  times (&prev);
  do
    times (&start_times);
  while (start_times.tms_utime == prev.tms_utime);
}


void
speed_starttime (void)
{
  speed_time_init ();

  if (use_grus)
    {
      if (use_tick_boundary)
        grus_tick_boundary ();
      else
        getrusage (0, &start_grus);
    }

  if (use_gtod)
    {
      if (use_tick_boundary)
        gtod_tick_boundary ();
      else
        gettimeofday (&start_gtod, NULL);
    }

  if (use_times)
    {
      if (use_tick_boundary)
        times_tick_boundary ();
      else
        times (&start_times);
    }

  if (use_rrt)
    read_real_time (&start_rrt, sizeof(start_rrt));

  /* Cycles sampled last for maximum accuracy. */
  if (use_cycles)
    speed_cyclecounter (start_cycles);
}


/* Calculate the difference between two cycle counter samples, as a "double"
   counter of cycles.

   The start and end values are allowed to cancel in integers in case the
   counter values are bigger than the 53 bits that normally fit in a double.

   This works even if speed_cyclecounter() puts a value bigger than 32-bits
   in the low word (the high word always gets a 2**32 multiplier though). */

double
speed_cyclecounter_diff (const unsigned end[2], const unsigned start[2])
{
  unsigned  d;
  double    t;

  if (have_cycles == 1)
    {
      t = (end[0] - start[0]);
    }
  else
    {
      d = end[0] - start[0];
      t = d - (d > end[0] ? M_2POWU : 0.0);
      t += (end[1] - start[1]) * M_2POW32;
    }
  return t;
}


/* Calculate the difference between "start" and "end" using fields "sec" and
   "psec", where each "psec" is a "punit" of a second.

   The high parts are allowed to cancel before being combined with the low
   parts, in case a simple "sec+psec*punit" exceeds the precision of a
   double.

   Total time in units of "psec"s are only calculated in a "double" since an
   integer might overflow.  2^32 microseconds is only a bit over an hour, or
   2^32 nanoseconds only about 4 seconds.

   The casts to "long" are for the beneifit of timebasestruct_t, where the
   fields are only "unsigned", but we want a signed difference.  */

#define DIFF_SECS_ROUTINE(type, sec, psec, punit)               \
  {                                                             \
    long  delta_sec = (long) end->sec - (long) start->sec;      \
    return (double) delta_sec                                   \
      + punit * ((long) end->psec - (long) start->psec);        \
  }                                                             \

double
timebasestruct_diff_secs (const timebasestruct_t *end,
                          const timebasestruct_t *start)
{
  DIFF_SECS_ROUTINE (unsigned, tb_high, tb_low, 1e-9);
}

double
timeval_diff_secs (const struct_timeval *end, const struct_timeval *start)
{
  DIFF_SECS_ROUTINE (long, tv_sec, tv_usec, 1e-6);
}

double
rusage_diff_secs (const struct_rusage *end, const struct_rusage *start)
{
  DIFF_SECS_ROUTINE (long, ru_utime.tv_sec, ru_utime.tv_usec, 1e-6);
}


double
speed_endtime (void)
{
#define END_USE(name,value)                             \
  do {                                                  \
    if (speed_option_verbose >= 3)                      \
      printf ("speed_endtime(): used %s\n", name);      \
    result = value;                                     \
    goto done;                                          \
  } while (0)

#define END_ENOUGH(name,value)                                          \
  do {                                                                  \
    if (speed_option_verbose >= 3)                                      \
      printf ("speed_endtime(): %s gives enough precision\n", name);    \
    result = value;                                                     \
    goto done;                                                          \
  } while (0)

#define END_EXCEED(name,value)                                            \
  do {                                                                    \
    if (speed_option_verbose >= 3)                                        \
      printf ("speed_endtime(): cycle counter limit exceeded, used %s\n", \
              name);                                                      \
    result = value;                                                       \
    goto done;                                                            \
  } while (0)

  unsigned          end_cycles[2];
  timebasestruct_t  end_rrt;
  struct_timeval    end_gtod;
  struct_rusage     end_grus;
  struct_tms        end_times;
  double            t_gtod, t_grus, t_times, t_rrt, t_cycles;
  double            result = -1.0;

  /* Cycles sampled first for maximum accuracy. */

  if (use_cycles)  speed_cyclecounter (end_cycles);
  if (use_rrt)     read_real_time (&end_rrt, sizeof(end_rrt));
  if (use_gtod)    gettimeofday (&end_gtod, NULL);
  if (use_grus)    getrusage (0, &end_grus);
  if (use_times)   times (&end_times);


  if (speed_option_verbose >= 4)
    {
      printf ("speed_endtime():\n");
      if (use_cycles)
        printf ("   cycles  0x%X,0x%X -> 0x%X,0x%X\n",
                start_cycles[1], start_cycles[0],
                end_cycles[1], end_cycles[0]);

      if (use_rrt)
        printf ("   read_real_time  (%d)%u,%u (%d)%u,%u\n",
                start_rrt.flag, start_rrt.tb_high, start_rrt.tb_low,
                end_rrt.flag, end_rrt.tb_high, end_rrt.tb_low);

      if (use_gtod)
        printf ("   gettimeofday  %ld.%06ld -> %ld.%06ld\n",
                start_gtod.tv_sec, start_gtod.tv_usec,
                end_gtod.tv_sec, end_gtod.tv_usec);

      if (use_grus)
        printf ("   getrusage  %ld.%06ld -> %ld.%06ld\n",
                start_grus.ru_utime.tv_sec, start_grus.ru_utime.tv_usec,
                end_grus.ru_utime.tv_sec, end_grus.ru_utime.tv_usec);

      if (use_times)
        printf ("   times  %ld -> %ld\n",
                start_times.tms_utime, end_times.tms_utime);
    }

  if (use_rrt)
    {
      time_base_to_time (&start_rrt, sizeof(start_rrt));
      time_base_to_time (&end_rrt, sizeof(end_rrt));
      t_rrt = timebasestruct_diff_secs (&end_rrt, &start_rrt);
      END_USE ("getrusage()", t_rrt);
    }

  if (use_grus)
    {
      t_grus = rusage_diff_secs (&end_grus, &start_grus);

      /* Use getrusage() if the cycle counter limit would be exceeded, or if
         it provides enough accuracy already. */
      if (use_cycles)  
        {
          if (t_grus >= speed_precision*grus_unittime)
            END_ENOUGH ("getrusage()", t_grus);
          if (t_grus >= cycles_limit)
            END_EXCEED ("getrusage()", t_grus);
        }
    }

  if (use_times)
    {
      t_times = (end_times.tms_utime - start_times.tms_utime) * times_unittime;

      /* Use times() if the cycle counter limit would be exceeded, or if
         it provides enough accuracy already. */
      if (use_cycles)  
        {
          if (t_times >= speed_precision*times_unittime)
            END_ENOUGH ("times()", t_times);
          if (t_times >= cycles_limit)
            END_EXCEED ("times()", t_times);
        }
    }

  if (use_gtod)
    {
      t_gtod = timeval_diff_secs (&end_gtod, &start_gtod);

      /* Use gettimeofday() if it measured a value bigger than the cycle
         counter can handle.  */
      if (use_cycles)  
        {
          if (t_gtod >= cycles_limit)
            END_EXCEED ("gettimeofday()", t_gtod);
        }
    }
  
  if (use_cycles)  
    {
      t_cycles = speed_cyclecounter_diff (end_cycles, start_cycles)
        * speed_cycletime;
      END_USE ("cycle counter", t_cycles);
    }

  if (use_grus && getrusage_microseconds_p())
    END_USE ("getrusage()", t_grus);

  if (use_gtod && gettimeofday_microseconds_p())
    END_USE ("gettimeofday()", t_gtod);

  if (use_times)  END_USE ("times()",        t_times);
  if (use_grus)   END_USE ("getrusage()",    t_grus);
  if (use_gtod)   END_USE ("gettimeofday()", t_gtod);

  fprintf (stderr, "speed_endtime(): oops, no time method available\n");
  abort ();

 done:
  if (result < 0.0)
    {
      fprintf (stderr,
               "speed_endtime(): fatal error: negative time measured: %.9f\n",
               result);
      abort ();
    }
  return result;
}