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authorwlemb <wlemb>2000-02-06 09:34:01 +0000
committerwlemb <wlemb>2000-02-06 09:34:01 +0000
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+.\" $NetBSD: mdoc.7,v 1.14 1999/08/30 00:41:28 ross Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)mdoc.7 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
+.\"
+.Dd November 24, 1997
+.Os
+.Dt MDOC 7
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm mdoc
+.Nd quick reference guide for the
+.Nm \-mdoc
+macro package
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm groff
+.Fl m Ns Ar doc
+.Ar files ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm \-mdoc
+package is a set of content-based and domain-based macros
+used to format the
+.Bx
+man pages.
+The macro names and their meanings are
+listed below for quick reference; for
+a detailed explanation on using the package,
+see the tutorial sampler
+.Xr mdoc.samples 7 .
+.Pp
+The macros are described in two groups, the first
+includes the structural and physical page layout macros.
+The second contains the manual and general text domain
+macros which differentiate the
+.Nm -\mdoc
+package from other
+.Xr troff
+formatting packages.
+.Sh PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN
+.Ss Title Macros
+To create a valid manual page, these three macros, in this order,
+are required:
+.Bl -tag -width "xxxx.Os OPERATINGxSYSTEM [version/release]" -compact
+.It Li "\&.Dd " Ar "Month day, year"
+Document date.
+.It Li "\&.Dt " Ar "DOCUMENT_TITLE [section] [volume]"
+Title, in upper case.
+.It Li "\&.Os " Ar "OPERATING_SYSTEM [version/release]"
+Operating system
+.Pq Tn BSD .
+.El
+.Ss Page Layout Macros
+Section headers, paragraph breaks, lists and displays.
+.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
+.It Li \&.Sh
+Section Headers.
+Valid headers, in the order of presentation:
+.Bl -tag -width "RETURN VALUES" -compact
+.It Ar NAME
+Name section, should include the
+.Ql \&.Nm
+or
+.Ql \&.Fn
+and the
+.Ql \&.Nd
+macros.
+.It Ar SYNOPSIS
+Usage.
+.It Ar DESCRIPTION
+General description, should include
+options and parameters.
+.It Ar RETURN VALUES
+Sections two and three function calls.
+.It Ar ENVIRONMENT
+Describe environment variables.
+.It Ar FILES
+Files associated with the subject.
+.It Ar EXAMPLES
+Examples and suggestions.
+.It Ar DIAGNOSTICS
+Normally used for section four device interface diagnostics.
+.It Ar ERRORS
+Sections two and three error and signal
+handling.
+.It Ar SEE ALSO
+Cross references and citations.
+.It Ar STANDARDS
+Conformance to standards if applicable.
+.It Ar HISTORY
+If a standard is not applicable, the history
+of the subject should be given.
+.It Ar BUGS
+Gotchas and caveats.
+.It Ar SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
+Security issues to be aware of.
+.It Ar other
+Customized headers may be added at
+the authors discretion.
+.El
+.It Li \&.Ss
+Subsection Headers.
+.It Li \&.Pp
+Paragraph Break.
+Vertical space (one line).
+.It Li \&.D1
+(D-one) Display-one
+Indent and display one text line.
+.It Li \&.Dl
+(D-ell) Display-one literal.
+Indent and display one line of literal text.
+.It Li \&.Bd
+Begin-display block.
+Display options:
+.Bl -tag -width "xoffset string " -compact
+.It Fl ragged
+Unjustified (ragged edges).
+.It Fl filled
+Filled, and if
+.Xr troff 1 ,
+also justified.
+.It Fl unfilled
+Unfilled, unjustified.
+.It Fl literal
+Literal text or code.
+.It Fl file Ar name
+Read in named
+.Ar file
+and display.
+.It Fl offset Ar string
+Offset display.
+Acceptable
+.Ar string
+values:
+.Bl -tag -width indent-two -compact
+.It Ar left
+Align block on left (default).
+.It Ar center
+Approximate center margin.
+.It Ar indent
+Six constant width spaces (a tab).
+.It Ar indent-two
+Two tabs.
+.It Ar right
+Left aligns block 2 inches from
+right.
+.It Ar xx Ns Cm n
+Where
+.Ar xx
+is a number from
+.No \&4 Ns Cm n
+to
+.No \&9\&9 Ns Cm n .
+.It Ar Aa
+Where
+.Ar Aa
+is a callable macro name.
+.It Ar string
+The width of
+.Ar string
+is used.
+.El
+.El
+.It Li \&.Ed
+End-display (matches \&.Bd).
+.It Li \&.Bl
+Begin-list.
+Create lists or columns. Options:
+.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
+.It Em List-types
+.Bl -column "xbullet " -compact
+.It Fl bullet Ta "Bullet Item List"
+.It Fl dash Ta "Dash Item List"
+.It Fl hyphen Ta "(as per" Fl dash ")"
+.It Fl item Ta "Unlabeled List"
+.It Fl enum Ta "Enumerated List"
+.It Fl tag Ta "Tag Labeled List"
+.It Fl diag Ta "Diagnostic List"
+.It Fl hang Ta "Hanging Labeled List"
+.It Fl ohang Ta "Overhanging Labeled List"
+.It Fl inset Ta "Inset or Run-on Labeled List"
+.It Fl column Ta "Multiple Columns"
+.El
+.It Em List-parameters
+.Bl -tag -width "xcompact " -compact
+.It Fl offset
+(All lists.) See
+.Ql \&.Bd
+begin-display above.
+.It Fl width
+.Pf ( Fl tag
+and
+.Fl hang
+lists only.)
+See
+.Ql \&.Bd .
+This parameter is effectively required for
+.Fl tag
+lists.
+.It Fl compact
+(All lists.)
+Suppresses blank lines.
+.El
+.El
+.It Li \&.El
+End-list.
+.It Li \&.It
+List item.
+.El
+.Sh MANUAL AND GENERAL TEXT DOMAIN MACROS
+The manual and general text domain macros are special in that
+most of them are parsed for callable macros
+for example:
+.Bl -tag -width ".Op Fl s Ar filex" -offset indent
+.It Li "\&.Op Fl s Ar file"
+Produces
+.Op Fl s Ar file
+.El
+.Pp
+In this example, the option enclosure macro
+.Ql \&.Op
+is parsed, and calls the callable content macro
+.Ql \&Fl
+which operates on the argument
+.Ql s
+and then calls the callable content macro
+.Ql \&Ar
+which operates on the argument
+.Ql file .
+Some macros may be callable, but are not parsed and vice versa.
+These macros are indicated in the
+.Em parsed
+and
+.Em callable
+columns below.
+.Pp
+Unless stated, manual domain macros share a common syntax:
+.Pp
+.Dl \&.Va argument [\ .\ ,\ ;\ :\ (\ )\ [\ ]\ argument \...\ ]
+.Pp
+.Sy Note :
+Opening and closing
+punctuation characters are only recognized as such if they are presented
+one at a time.
+The string
+.Ql "),"
+is not recognized as punctuation and will be output with a leading white
+space and in what ever font the calling macro uses.
+The
+argument list
+.Ql "] ) ,"
+is recognized as three sequential closing punctuation characters
+and a leading white space is not output between the characters
+and the previous argument (if any).
+The special meaning of a punctuation character may be escaped
+with the string
+.Ql \e& .
+For example the following string,
+.Bl -tag -width "&.Ar file1\ , file2\ , file3\ )\ ." -offset indent
+.It Li "\&.Ar file1\ , file2\ , file3\ )\ ."
+Produces
+.Ar file1 , file2 , file3 ) .
+.El
+.ne 1i
+.Ss Manual Domain Macros
+.Bl -column "Name" "Parsed" "Callable" -compact
+.It Em Name Parsed Callable Description
+.It Li \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Address. "(This macro may be deprecated.)"
+.It Li \&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Command line argument."
+.It Li \&Cd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Configuration declaration (section four only)."
+.It Li \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Command line argument modifier."
+.It Li \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Defined variable (source code)."
+.It Li \&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Error number (source code)."
+.It Li \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Environment variable."
+.It Li \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Function argument."
+.It Li \&Fd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Function declaration."
+.It Li \&Fl Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Command line flag."
+.It Li \&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Function call (also .Fo and .Fc)."
+.It Li \&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Interactive command."
+.It Li \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Literal text."
+.It Li \&Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Command name."
+.It Li \&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Option (also .Oo and .Oc)."
+.It Li \&Ot Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Old style function type (Fortran only)."
+.It Li \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Pathname or file name."
+.It Li \&St Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Standards (-p1003.2, -p1003.1 or -ansiC)"
+.It Li \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Variable name."
+.It Li \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Variable type (Fortran only)."
+.It Li \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Manual Page Cross Reference."
+.El
+.Ss General Text Domain Macros
+.Bl -column "Name" "Parsed" "Callable" -compact
+.It Em "Name Parsed Callable Description"
+.It Li \&%A Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta "Reference author."
+.It Li \&%B Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Reference book title."
+.It Li \&%\&C Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference place of publishing (city)."
+.It Li \&%\&D Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference date."
+.It Li \&%J Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Reference journal title."
+.It Li \&%N Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference issue number."
+.It Li \&%\&O Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference optional information."
+.It Li \&%P Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference page number(s)."
+.It Li \&%R Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference report Name."
+.It Li \&%T Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Reference article title."
+.It Li \&%V Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference volume."
+.It Li \&Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Angle close quote."
+.It Li \&Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Angle open quote."
+.It Li \&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Insert apostrophe; switch to .No mode "
+.It Li \&Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Angle quote."
+.It Li \&At Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Tn "AT&T UNIX."
+.It Li \&Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Bracket close quote."
+.It Li \&Bf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Begin font mode."
+.It Li \&Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Bracket open quote."
+.It Li \&Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Bracket quote."
+.It Li \&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "BSD" .
+.It Li \&Db Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Debug (default is \\*qoff\\*q)."
+.It Li \&Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Double close quote."
+.It Li \&Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Double open quote."
+.It Li \&Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Double quote."
+.It Li \&Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Enclose string close quote."
+.It Li \&Ef Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "End font mode."
+.It Li \&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Emphasis (traditional English)."
+.It Li \&Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Enclose string open quote."
+.It Li \&Fx Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "FreeBSD."
+.It Li \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Normal text (no-op)."
+.It Li \&Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "No space."
+.It Li \&Nx Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "NetBSD."
+.It Li \&Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Parenthesis close quote."
+.It Li \&Pf Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta "Prefix string."
+.It Li \&Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Parenthesis open quote."
+.It Li \&Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Parentheses quote."
+.It Li \&Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Strait Double close quote."
+.It Li \&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Quoted literal."
+.It Li \&Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Strait Double open quote."
+.It Li \&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Strait Double quote."
+.It Li \&Re Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference end."
+.It Li \&Rs Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference start."
+.It Li \&Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Single close quote."
+.It Li \&So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Single open quote."
+.It Li \&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Single quote."
+.It Li \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Space mode (default is \\*qon\\*q)."
+.It Li \&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Section Cross Reference."
+.It Li \&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Symbolic (traditional English)."
+.It Li \&Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Trade or type name (small Caps)."
+.It Li \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "UNIX."
+.It Li \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Extend argument list close."
+.It Li \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Extend argument list open."
+.El
+.\" .It Sy \&Hf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Include file with header"
+.Pp
+Macro names ending in
+.Ql q
+quote remaining items on the argument list.
+Macro names ending in
+.Ql o
+begin a quote which may span more than one line of input and
+are close quoted with the matching macro name ending in
+.Ql c .
+Enclosure macros may be nested and are limited to
+eight arguments.
+.Pp
+Note: the extended argument list macros
+.Pf ( Ql \&.Xo ,
+.Ql \&.Xc )
+and the function enclosure macros
+.Pf ( Ql \&.Fo ,
+.Ql \&.Fc )
+are irregular.
+The extended list macros are used when the number of macro arguments
+would exceed the
+.Xr troff
+limitation of nine arguments.
+.Sh CONFIGURATION
+For site specific configuration of the macro package,
+see the file
+.Pa /usr/src/share/tmac/README .
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "tmac.doc-ditroff" -compact
+.It Pa tmac.doc
+Manual and general text domain macros.
+.It Pa tmac.doc-common
+Common structural macros and definitions.
+.It Pa tmac.doc-nroff
+Site dependent
+.Xr nroff
+style file.
+.It Pa tmac.doc-ditroff
+Site dependent
+.Xr troff
+style file.
+.It Pa tmac.doc-syms
+Special defines (such as the standards macro).
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr mdoc.samples 7