path: root/contrib/RUNOFF/runoff.man

.\" t
.TH RUNOFF @MAN7EXT@ "@MDATE@" "Groff Version @VERSION@"
.SH NAME
RUNOFF \[em] the predecessor of the \f[CI]roff\f[] langugage
.
.\" The .SH was moved to this place in order to appease `apropos'.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Legalese
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.de authors
This file was written by Bernd Warken
.MT groff\-bernd.warken\-72@web.de
.ME .
..
.
.
.de copying
Copyright \(co 2013
.RS
.ft CI
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.ft R
.RE
.
.P
Last update: 5 May 2013
.
.P
This file is part of
.ft CI
groff\\f[R], a free software project.
.
.P
You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
.nh
.ft CI
GNU General Public License
.ft R
.hy
as published by the
.nh
.ft CI
Free Software Foundation (FSF)\\f[R],
.hy
either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.
.P
You should have received a copy of the
.nh
.ft CI
GNU General Public License
.ft R
.hy
along with
.ft CI
groff\\f[R],
see the files
.nh
.ft CB
COPYING
.ft R
and
.ft CB
LICENSE
.ft R
.hy
in the top directory of the
.ft CI
groff
.ft R
source package.
.
.P
You can also visit
.UR http://\\:www.gnu.org/\\:licenses
.UE .
..
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Setup
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.ds1 Ellipsis "\&.\|.\|.\&\"
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Macro definitions
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" .FONT (<font name> <text> [<font name> <text> ...])
.\"
.\" Print in different fonts: R, I, B, CR, CI, CB
.\"
.de1 FONT
.  if (\\n[.$] = 0) \{\
.	nop \&\f[P]\&
.	return
.  \}
.  ds result \&
.  while (\\n[.$] >= 2) \{\
.	as result \,\f[\\$1]\\$2
.	if !"\\$1"P" .as result \f[P]
.	shift 2
.  \}
.  if (\\n[.$] = 1) .as result \,\f[\\$1]
.  nh
.  nop \\*[result]\&
.  hy
..
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" .Topic  ([<indent>])
.\"
.\" A bulleted paragraph
.\"
.de Topic
.  ie \\n[.$]=0 \
.    ds @indent 2m\"
.  el \
.    ds @indent \\$1\"
.  IP \[bu] \\*[@indent]
.  rm @indent
..
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" .UL (<text to underline> [<append>])
.\"
.\" Underline $1 and append $2 without underline
.\"
.de UL
\Z'\\$1'\v'.25m'\D'l \w'\\$1'u 0'\v'-.25m'\\$2
..
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" .TableHDTBL - table using hdtbl for troff
.\"
.de1 TableHDTBL eHDTBL
.
This list of commands is a table over 5 pages.
.
.
.bp
.
.\" use groff_hdtbl
.\" mso hdtbl.tmac
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" hdtbl Table: List of Commands (Alphabetical) page 1/5
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.hy
.fi
.
.TBL cols=3
.TR hl=d ".TH colspan=2 Command or Abbreviation" ".TH Related Commands"
.\" TR hl=d ".TD colspan=2 Command or Abbreviation" ".TD Related Commands"
.
.
.nf
.nh
.
.
.\" A ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".AP"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".AUTOPARAGRAPH" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".APPENDIX " I "text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".AX" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NUMBER APPENDIX " I "a"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".AX"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".APPENDIX" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".AUTOPARAGRAPH"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".AP" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOAUTOPARAGRAPH"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NAP" R ")"
.
.\" B ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".B"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".BLANK" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".BLANK" I " n"
.TD
.FONT  R "(=" CB ".B" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".SKIP" I " n"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".S" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".BR"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".BREAK" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".BREAK"
.TD
.FONT R "(" CB ".BR" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" C ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".C"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".CENTRE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".CENTER"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".CENTRE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".CENTRE" I " n" CB ";" I "text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".C" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".CH"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".CHAPTER" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".CHAPTER" I " text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".CH" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NUMBER CHAPTER" I " n"
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".COMMENT" I " text"
.TD
.TD
.
.
.\" D ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".DO INDEX" I " text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".DX" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".PRINT INDEX"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".PX" R ")"
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".DX"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".DO INDEX" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" E ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".ELS"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".END LIST" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".EN"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".END NOTE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".END LIST"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".ELS" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".LIST " I "n"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".LS" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".END LITERAL"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".ELI" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".LITERAL"
.FONT R "(" CB ".LIT" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".END NOTE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".EN" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOTE " I "text"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NT" R ")"
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".END SUBPAGE"
.TD
.TD
.FONT CB ".SUBPAGE"
.
.
.\" F ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".F"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FILL" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FG"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FIGURE" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.ETB
.
.
.bp
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" hdtbl Table: List of Commands (Alphabetical) page 2/5
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.fi
.hy
.
.TBL cols=3
.TR hl=d ".TH colspan=2 Command or Abbreviation" ".TH Related Commands"
.
.
.nf
.nh
.
.
.\" F2 =================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FIGURE" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FG" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FILL"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".F" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOFILL"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NF" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FIRST TITLE" I " text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FT" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".TITLE" I " text"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FL CAPITALIZE" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NFL" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FL HYPHENATE" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NO FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NFH" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FN"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FOOTNOTE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".FOOTNOTE" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FN" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".FT"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".FIRST TITLE" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" G ==================================================================
.\" H ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".HD"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".HEADER" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".HEADER" I " arg"
.br
.FONT R "[" I "arg" R "=" CB "UPPER" R ", " CB "LOWER" R ", or " CB "MIXED]"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".HD" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOHEADER "
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NHD" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".HEADER LEVEL" I " n text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".HL" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".HL"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".HEADER LEVEL" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".HY"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".HYPHENATION" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".HYPHENATION"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".HY" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NO HYPHENATION"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NHY" R ")"
.
.
.\" I ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".I"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".INDENT" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".INDENT" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".I" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".INDEX" I " text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".X" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" J ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".J"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".JUSTIFY" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".JUSTIFY"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".J" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOJUSTIFY"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NJ" R ")"
.
.
.\" K ==================================================================
.\" L ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LC"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LOWER CASE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LIST ELEMENT" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LEFT MARGIN" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LM" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".RIGHT MARGIN" I " n"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".RM" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LIST" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LS" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".END LIST"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".ELS" R ")"
.
.ETB
.
.
.bp
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" hdtbl Table: List of Commands (Alphabetical) page 3/5
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.fi
.hy
.
.TBL cols=3
.TR hl=d ".TH colspan=2 Command or Abbreviation" ".TH Related Commands"
.
.
.nf
.nh
.
.\" L2 =================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LIST ELEMENT;" I "text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LE" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".END LIST"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".ELS" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LIT"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LITERAL" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LITERAL"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB .LIT R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".END LITERAL"
.FONT R ( CB .ELI R )
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LM"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LEFT MARGIN" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".LOWER CASE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LC" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".UPPER CASE"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".UC" R ")"
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".LS"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".LIST" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" M ==================================================================
.\" N ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NAP"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NOAUTOPARAGRAPH" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NF"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NOFILL" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NFC"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NFH"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO FLAGS HYPHENATE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NFL"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.br
and
.br
.FONT CB ".NO FLAGS HYPHENATE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NHD"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO HEADER" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NHY"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO HYPHENATION" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NJ"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO JUSTIFY" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NM"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NUMBER" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NNM"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO NUMBER" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOAUTOPARAGRAPH"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NAP" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".AUTOPARAGRAPH"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".AP" R ")"
.br
.FONT CB ".PARAGRAPH" I " h" CB "," I "v" CB "," I "t"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".P" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOFILL"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NF" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".FILL"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".F" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NFL" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.br
.FONT R ( CB ".FL CAPITALIZE" R )
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NO FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NFH" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOHEADER"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NHD" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".HEADER " I "arg"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".HD" R ")"
.
.ETB
.
.
.bp
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" hdtbl Table: List of Commands (Alphabetical) page 4/5
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.fi
.hy
.
.TBL cols=3
.TR hl=d ".TH colspan=2 Command or Abbreviation" ".TH Related Commands"
.
.
.nf
.nh
.
.\" N2 =================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NO HYPHENATION"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NHY" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".HYPHENATION"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".HY" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOJUSTIFY"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NJ" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".JUSTIFY"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".J" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NONUMBER"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NNM" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NUMBER " I "n"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NM" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOPERIOD"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NPR" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".PERIOD"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".PR" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOTE" I " text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NT" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".END NOTE"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".EN" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NPR"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NO PERIOD" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NT"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".NOTE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".NUMBER APPENDIX" I " a"
.TD
.TD
.FONT CB ".APPENDIX" I " text"
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".NUMBER CHAPTER " I "n"
.TD
.TD
.FONT CB ".CHAPTER text"
.
.
.\" P ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".P"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PARAGRAPH" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PAGE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PG" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PAGE SIZE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PAPER SIZE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PAPER SIZE" I " v" CB "," I "h"
.br
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PS" R ", " CB ".PAGE SIZE" R ")"
.TD
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PERIOD"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PR" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".NOPERIOD"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".NPR" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PG"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PAGE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PITCH"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PIT" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PRINT INDEX"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PX" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".DO INDEX" I " text"
.FONT R "(" CB ".DX" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".PS"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PAPER SIZE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".PX"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".PRINT INDEX" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" R ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".RIGHT MARGIN " I "n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".RM" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".RM"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".RIGHT MARGIN" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" S ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".S"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".SKIP" R ")"
.TD
.
.ETB
.
.
.bp
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" hdtbl Table: List of Commands (Alphabetical) page 5/5
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.fi
.hy
.
.TBL cols=3
.TR hl=d ".TH colspan=2 Command or Abbreviation" ".TH Related Commands"
.
.
.nf
.nh
.
.\" S2 =================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".SD"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".STANDARD" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".SKIP" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".S" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".BLANK" I " n"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".B" R ")"
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".SP"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".SPACING" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".SPACING" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".SP" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".ST"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".SUBTITLE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".SUBPAGE"
.TD
.TD
.FONT CB ".END SUBPAGE"
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".SUBTITLE" I " text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".ST" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.\" T ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".T"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".TITLE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".TAB STOPS" I " n,n, \*[Ellipsis] ,n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".TS" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".TEST PAGE" I " n"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".TP" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".TITLE" I " text"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".T" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".TP"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".TEST PAGE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR hl=d
.TD
.FONT CB ".TS"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".TAB STOPS" R ")"
.TD
.
.
\" U ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".UC"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".UPPER CASE" R ")"
.TD
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".UPPER CASE"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".UC" R ")"
.TD
.FONT CB ".LOWER CASE"
.br
.FONT R "(" CB ".LC" R ")"
.
.
\" U ==================================================================
.
.TR
.TD
.FONT CB ".X"
.TD
.FONT R "(=" CB ".INDEX" R ")"
.TD
.
.
.ETB
.
.
.fi
.hy
.
.bp
.
.
.eHDTBL
.\" end of .de1 TableHDTBL
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" End of macro definitions.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH DESCRIPTION
..\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.FONT CI RUNOFF
is a language for creating documents.
.
This was the first document language at all.
.
It is the ancestor of
.FONT CI roff R .
.
.
.P
See section
.FONT CB "SEE ALSO"
at the end of this document for internet addresses.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH HISTORY
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.FONT CI RUNOFF
was built by
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer"
in 1963 and 1964 at
.FONT CR \%MIT
using the operating system
.FONT CR CTTS
on computers
.FONT CR "IBM 7090"
and 
.FONT CR 7094 R .
.
.
.P
At the
.FONT CI Unix
operating system, the
.FONT CI RUNOFF
language was the base for the generation of the text generator language
.IR \%roff .
.
Today
.I \%roff
is maintained by
.IR \%GNU\~troff ,
the program 
.BR \%groff (@MAN1EXT@)
and its language
.BR \%groff (@MAN7EXT@).
.
So
.FONT CI RUNOFF
is the ancestor for
.IR \%groff .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Old RUNOFF Documentation
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
In 1964,
.FONT CI Saltzer
published a documentation for the
.I \%CTSS
users in
.I \%MIT
titled
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer \(em TYPSET and RUNOFF, Memorandum editor and \
type\-out commands"
.
.
.P
In december 1966, he published an updated documentation
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer \(em Manuscript Typing and Editing" R .
.
This article can be regarded as the documentation of the original
.FONT CI RUNOFF R .
.
.
.P
Moreover
.FONT CI Saltzer
published another document in 1965.
.
It's titled
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer \(em Experimental Additions to the RUNOFF Command"
.
We integrate the
.I "control words"
in this documentation in a section about
.I \%Experimental
.IR \%Additions .
.
.
.P
In later years, many people worked with the operating system
.FONT CI Multics R .
.
There
.FONT CI RUNOFF
was further developed.
.
There is a documentation of 1973 titled
.FONT CI "Larry Barnes \(em RUNOFF: \
A Program for the Preparation of Documents" R .
.
We use this documentation as well.
.
.
.P
There is still more documentation by the
.FONT CR "DEC PDP\-10 archive" R .
.
So far this information is not yet included, but it will be done later
on.
.
.
.P
The latest
.FONT CI RUNOFF
documentation is file
.FONT CB RUNOFF.DOC
from 
.FONT CR PDP\-11
at 1981, see
.FONT CR "SEE ALSO" R .
.
The content of this document is also included in this document.
.
.
.P
Look at section
.FONT CR "SEE ALSO"
for the internet connections to the documents.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Early Environment 1963\-66
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.FONT CI Saltzer
originally worked on
.IR \%MIT 's
.I \%CTSS time-sharing operating
.IR \%system .
.
There he had an editor
.FONT CB TYPSET
that he also documented in the documentation cited above.
.
This editor was an ancestor for
.BR \%ed (@MAN1EXT@).
.
.
.P
To use his
.FONT CI RUNOFF
language, he programmed a tool that he called
.FONT CB RUNOFF R .
.
.
.P
There is still an emulator and the old source files for
.FONT CB RUNOFF
and
.FONT CB TYPSET
at
.nh
.UR http://\:www.cozx.com/\:~dpitts/\:ibm7090.html 
.FONT CR "IBM 7090 CTSS"
.UE .
.hy
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS The original RUNOFF program 1963-66
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The original
.FONT CB RUNOFF
program is also documented in the documentation of 1966 above.
.
.
.P
.FONT CI Saltzer
uses upper case
.FONT CB RUNOFF
to denote his program.
.
So we will also use 
.FONT CB RUNOFF
to refer to the original program of 1963-66.
.
.
.P
This program has mainly the task to adjust a printer of that time and
then print a
.FONT CI RUNOFF
document with this configuration.
.
Today this does not make much sense, but some parts are still
available in the options of
.BR \%groff (@MAN1EXT@),
but under different names.
.
So we will not build this ancient program, but we will document its
old command line here.
.
A lower case program
.FONT CB runoff
will be something different.
.
.
.P
.FONT CB RUNOFF
is a command used to type out files of the
.FONT CI RUNOFF
language in manuscript format.
.
.I Control words
scattered in the text may be used to provide detailed control over the
format.
.
Input files may be prepared by the context editor
.FONT CB TYPSET
which does not exist today.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Usage of RUNOFF Program
\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.SY RUNOFF
.I \%filespec
.RI [ "parameter \*[Ellipsis]" ]
.YS
.
.
.TP
.I filespec
is the primary name of a file to be typed out.
.
.TP
.I parameter
arguments are any number of the following parameters, in any order:
.
.
.RS
.
.TP
.FONT CB STOP
Pause between pages.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB NOWAIT
Suppress the initial pause to load paper and the pause between pages
(not necessary today).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB PAGE I " n"
Begin printing with the page numbered
.IR n .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB BALL I " n"
Typewriter is using printing ball
.IR n .
If this parameter is omitted,
.FONT CB RUNOFF
assumes that the ball in use will properly print all
.I CTSS characters
in the file.
.
The number
.I n
is engraved on top of the printing ball.
.
.I CTSS characters
not appearing on the ball being used will be printed as blanks, so
that they may be drawn in.
.
This parameter does not make sense in our modern printers.
.
.RE
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH THE ORIGINAL RUNOFF LANGUAGE OF 1966
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
A
.FONT CI RUNOFF
file consists of
.I command lines
and
.IR "text lines" .
.
The
.I command lines
start with a period (dot)
.RB \(dq . \(dq,
all other lines are
IR "text lines" . 
.
.
.P
.I Command lines
are also called
.I command lines
by
.FONT CI Saltzer R .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Text Lines and Conditions
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.FONT CI RUNOFF
.I text lines
are different from the
.FONT CI groff
language.
.
.
.P
As the early
.FONT CI CTTS
computers could only produce upper case characters, the text lines
look very strange today.
.
This wasn't documented in the documentation of the 1960s.
.
But there is a good documentation of 1981 which contains also the old
style.
.
Have a look at chapter
.FONT CI "RUNOFF ADDITIONS 1981"
section
.FONT CI "Case Information"
in this document.
.
.
.P
One or more
.I blank lines
are not printed, but mean a
.IR "line break" .
.
This can also be reached by the
.FONT CB .BREAK
.IR "control word" .
.
.
.P
In
.IR groff ,
blank lines are printed as lines of their own.
.
This is not a paragraph break, because a line is bigger than a
paragraph break.
.
.
.P
A text line that starts with one or more space characters means
.IR "begin a new paragraph" .
.
.
.P
In
.IR groff ,
this will start a new line and inserts the space characters at the
beginning of the line.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Command Lines
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
A command line begins with a period (dot)
.RB \(dq . \(dq.
.
Following the dot
.FONT CB RUNOFF
expects a
.IR "command name" .
.
This is called
.I control word 
by
.FONT CI Saltzer
.BI
.
.
.P
These
.I command names
or
.I control words
were defined by
.FONT CI Saltzer
as 1 or 2 words of arbitrary length.
.
or an
.I abbreviation
of defined 2 characters.
.
The later
.FONT CI roff
language uses only 2\-character requests; but
.FONT CI groff
expanded these to arbitrary length.
.
Each
.I control word
(1 or two words) can be written in upper or lower case as you like.
.
.
.P
Some
.FONT CI "control words"
are followed by a
.I space
and the
.I parameters
for that
.IR command ,
followed optionally by a comment (Comments are not documented
further).
.
.
.P
Lines beginning with a dot but having an unrecognizable format are
treated as errors.
.
.
.P
No lines beginning with a dot are printed unless the preceding line
was a
.I control line
.FONT CB .LITERAL R .
.
All commands are described below.
.
Abbreviations for command names are normally based on the first two
letters of a one word command or the first letter of the first two
words of a multi\-word command.
.
Commands which should close a logical line break do.
.
Information on abbreviations and whether commands cause line breaks
will be found in the summary at the end of the manual.
.
In a command line
.FONT CB RUNOFF
will consider multiple blanks as a single blank (space), if a blank
character 1s legal.
.
.
A
.FONT CI RUNOFF
document contains text separated by so\-called
.IR "control words" .
.
As these are full lines, a better name would be
.I "control lines"
as is used in the documentation for
.BR \%groff (@MAN7EXT@),
.
.
.P
These are lines starting with a period
.RB ( . )
and directly followed by a command with or without arguments.
.
The command names are arbitrarily long, they can even consist of
several words, possibly followed by arguments.
.
.
.P
The
.I "control words"
can be written in lower or upper case, just as wanted.
.
Moreover, each command name can be shortened to an abbreviation of 2
characters.
.
When the command name has only 1 word, the first 2 characters are taken.
.
.I Command names
with 2 words abbreviate to the first character of each word.
.
These abbreviations led later to the 2 character
.I \%requests
of
.IR \%roff .
.
.
.P
An example of a
.I "control line"
with a single
.I "control word"
with 2 arguments is a long name with lower case
.IP
.FONT CB .command I " arg1 arg2"
.P
or a long name with upper case
.IP
.FONT CB .COMMAND I " arg1 arg2"
.P
or an abbreviation with lower case
.IP
.FONT CB .co I " arg1 arg2"
.P
or an abbreviation with upper case
.IP
.FONT CB .CO I " arg1 arg2"
.
.
.P
Another example of a
.I "control line"
with 2
.I "control words"
with 1 argument is a long name with lower case
.IP
.FONT CB ".word1 word2" I " arg"
.P
or a long name with upper case
.IP
.FONT CB ".WORD1 WORD2" I " arg"
.P
or an abbreviation with lower case
.IP
.FONT CB .ww I " arg"
.P
or an abbreviation with upper case
.IP
.FONT CB .WW I " arg"
.
.
.P
These
.I "control words"
were renamed to
.I requests
later on in
.FONT CI roff R .
.
.
In the 1973 document, the words
.I macros
and
.I formats
are used without any documentation.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Control Words (Command Names, Requests)
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The documentation for
.I "control words"
in this paragraph are taken from the
.FONT CI RUNOFF
documentation of 1966.
.
Often this documentation refers to the
.FONT CB RUNOFF
program that doesn't exist any more.
.
When the
.FONT CI RUNOFF
language will be implemented for
.BR \%groff (@MAN1EXT@)
these documentations must be adjusted.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .ADJUST
.TQ
.FONT CB .AD
Enable
.I fill
mode.
.
The next line is the first one affected.
.
This is the default mode.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .APPEND I " file"
.TQ
.FONT CB .AP I " file"
Take as the next input line the first line of
.IR \%file .
.
Note that the whole of 
.I \%file
is appended, and that the appending is an irreversible process \[em] that
is, once
.FONT CB RUNOFF
encounters the
.FONT CB .APPEND
.I "control line"
it will switch to the file
.I \%file
and continue from the first line of
.IR \%file .
.
All lines following the
.FONT CB .APPEND
.I "control line"
will not be processed by
.FONT CB RUNOFF R .
.
The file
.I \%file
may, of course, itself call for appending of still another file, and
so on.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".BEGIN PAGE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .BP
Print out this page, start next line on a new page.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .BREAK
.TQ
.FONT CB .BR
The lines before and after the
.FONT CB .BREAK
.I "control word"
will not be run together by the
.FONT CI fill
mode of operation.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .CENTER
.TQ
.FONT CB .CD
The following line is to be centered between the left and right
margins.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".DOUBLE SPACE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .DS
Copy is to be double spaced.
.
This mode  takes  effect after the next line.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FILL
.TQ
.FONT CB .FI
Enable
.IR "fill mode" .
.
That means: Lengthen short lines by moving words from the following
line; trim long lines by moving words to the following line.
.
This is the default mode.
.
.FONT CB .NOFILL
disables the
.I fill
mode.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .HEADER I " word1 word2 \*[Ellipsis]"
.TQ
.FONT CB .HE I " word1 word2 \*[Ellipsis]"
All of the line after the first blank is used as a header line, and
appears at the top of each page, along with the page number, if
specified.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".HEADING MODE" I " arg"
.TQ
.FONT CB .HM I " arg"
This
.I control sequence
alters the mode of the running head to that specified by the parameter
.IR \%arg .
.
Any of the following parameters are allowed for
.IR \%arg:
.
.
.\"  --------------------------------------------------------------------
.RS
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB CENTER
The header will be centered on the page.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB MARGIN
The header will be adjusted against the right margin of the page.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB FACING
On even\-numbered pages, the header will be adjusted against the left
margin, on odd numbered pages against the right.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB OPPOSED
The header will be adjusted against the opposite margin from the page
number.
.
In the absence of a
.FONT CB ".HEADING MODE"
.IR "control sequence" ,
the default option is
.FONT CB OPPOSED R .
.
.
.RE
.\"  --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .INDENT I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .IN I " n"
The argument
.I \%n
is a number.
.
Set the number of spaces to be inserted at the beginning of each line
to
.IR \%n .
.
Indent is preset to 0.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".LINE LENGTH" I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .LL I " n"
The argument
.I \%n
is a positive number.
.
Set the line length to
.IR \%n .
.
The line length is preset to 60.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .LITERAL
.TQ
.FONT CB .LI
The following line is not a
.IR "control word" ,
despite the fact that it begins with a period.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOFILL
.TQ
.FONT CB .NF
Disable
.IR "fill mode" .
.
That means: Print all lines exactly as they appear without right
adjustment or filling out.
.
In
.I NOFILL
mode each input line produces one output line; further blank lines are
output in this mode.
.
Use the
.FONT CB .FILL
.I control word
to restart
.IR filling .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOJUST
.TQ
.FONT CB .NJ
Disable
.IR "fill mode" .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".ODD PAGE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .OP
This
.I "control word"
causes the current page to be printed out, and the next page to be
numbered with the next higher odd page number.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .PAGE R " [" I n R ]
.TQ
.FONT CB .PA R " [" I n R ]
Print page numbers.
.
(The first page is not given a page number.
.
It has instead a two\-inch top margin.
.
See also
.FONT CB "Manuscript Conventions" R ,
below.)
.
If argument
.I \%n
is present, insert a page break and number the next page
.IR \%n .
Note that
.FONT CB RUNOFF
does not print completely empty pages.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PAGING MODE" I " arg1 arg2 \*[Ellipsis]"
.TQ
.FONT CB .PM I " arg1 arg2 \*[Ellipsis]"
This
.I control sequence
alters the mode of page numbering to that specified by the arguments.
.
The arguments may be in any order, and must be selected from the
following list:
.
.
.\"  --------------------------------------------------------------------
.RS
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB MARGIN
Page numbers will be adjusted against the right margin.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB FACING
Odd page numbers are adjusted against the right margin, even page
numbers are adjusted against the left margin.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB CENTER
Page numbers are centered between the right and left margin.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB TOP
Page numbers are placed on the fourth line from the top of the page.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB BOTTOM
Page numbers are placed on the fourth line from the bottom of the
page.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB OFF
Page numbers are discontinued.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB PREFIX I " \(dqstring\(dq"
The string of characters between quotation marks is prefixed to the
page number.
.
The quotation marks may be next to each other, in which case no prefix
is used.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ROMANU
Page numbers will be printed in upper case Roman numerals.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ROMANL
Page numbers will be printed in lower case Roman numerals.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ARABIC
Page numbers will be printed in Arabic.  (This is the normal mode.)
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB SET I " n"
Set the next page number to be the positive number
.IR \%n .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB SKIP I " n"
Skip
.I \%n
page numbers.
.
.
.P
If in a single use of
.FONT CB ".PAGING MODE"
several arguments specify competing functions, the last one specified
takes precedence.
.
When the
.FONT CB ".PAGING MODE"
sequence appears in text at point A, all text up to A (and probably
some text after A) will appear on a page controlled by the previous
paging mode.
.
The new
.I paging mode
will take effect on the next page.
.
Then there is no danger of getting page numbers both at the top and
bottom of the same page.
.
.
.P
Use of the
.FONT CB TOP
parameter may conflict with the
.I \%heading
.IR \%mode .
.
If a heading and a page number should be printed in the same column,
the page number will take precedence.
.
In the absence of a
.FONT CB ".PAGING MODE"
.I control
.IR sequence ,
the default options are:
.FONT CB "TOP MARGIN PREFIX \(dqPAGE\(dq" R .
.
.
.RE
.\"  --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PAPER LENGTH" I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .PL I " n"
This
.I control word
is used for running off a documentation file on non\-standard paper.
.
The number
.I \%n
is a line count, figured at 6 lines per inch.
.
If this
.I control word
is not given,
.I n
is assumed to be 66, for 11\-inch paper.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".SINGLE SPACE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .SS
Copy is to be single spaced.
.
This mode takes effect after the next line.
.
(The normal mode is single space.)
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .SPACE R " [" I n R ]
.TQ
.FONT CB .SP  R " [" I n R ]
Insert
.I \%n
vertical spaces (carriage returns) in the copy.
.
If
.I \%n
carries spacing to the bottom of a page, spacing is stopped.
.
If
.I \%n
is absent or 0, one space is inserted.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .UNDENT I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .UN I " n"
In an indented region, this
.I control word
causes a break, and the next line only will be indented n spaces fewer
than usual.
.
This
.I "control word"
is useful for typing indented numbered paragraphs.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH RUNOFF ADDITIONS 1973
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Here are described only the additional
.I control words
that are documented in the 1973 documentation.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Formats
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FORMAT I " name"
This command causes subsequent text to be output under the control of
tne specified format (see below at
.FONT CB ".DEFINE FORMAT" R ).
.
Each following logical line will be fit into the format until a
.FONT CB .FILL
or
.FONT CB .NOFILL
command 1s encountered.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".DEFINE FORMAT" I " <name> <pos> <field_ definition> \
\*[Ellipsis]"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".END FORMAT"
These commands define a format for use in producing tables, etc.
.
.
.RS
.
.
.TP
.I <name>
identifies the format.
.
It can be activated by the
.FONT CB .FORMAT
.IR command .
.
.
.TP
.I <pos>
is the position and may be one of
.FONT CB LEFT R ,
.FONT CB RIGHT R ,
or
.FONT CB CENTER R ,
and determines the overall positlon of the format with respect to the
margins.
.
.
.TP
.I <field_definition>
There can be several arguments of this type.
.
Each has the form:
.
.
.RS
.
.FONT CI <type> CB ( CI "<letter> \*[Ellipsis] <letter>" CB )
.
.P
where the
.FONT CI <type>
is one of
.
.TP
.FONT CB L
for left,
.
.TP
.FONT CB R
for riqht,
.
.TP
.FONT CB C
for center,
.
.TP
.FONT CB F
fer fill, or
.FONT CB J
for justify.
.
.
.P
The first three types define fixed fields; the text to be formatted
must fit within the allocated space.
.
The latter types define variable fields; the text will be handled as
in normal fill mode processing.
.
.
.P
A picture showing the manner in which text should be output follows
the
.FONT CB ".DEFINE FORMAT"
command; following the picture should be an
.FONT CB ".END FORMAT"
command.
.
The following lines give an example:
.
.
.RS
.  ft CB
.  nf
.  nh
.    nop ".DEFINE FORMAT SUMMARY L(A) F(C) C(B)"
.    nop "AAAA	CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	BBBBBBB"
.    nop "	CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC		"
.    nop ".END FORMAT"
.  hy
.  fi
.  ft
.RE
.
.
.P
The first field of text is left justified; the second is centered; the
third is subjected to
.I fill mode
processing without justification.
.
After the first line of output is generated using this format, all
subsequent lines are produced using the last picture 1ine.
.
(Strictly speaking the third line is unnecessary.)
.
.
.P
Text for formatted processing consists of a logical line (or
paragraph).
.
Each field except the last must be separated by
.IR tab .
.
The
.I tab character
is displayed here as backslash character
.FONT R ( CB \[rs] R ).
.
.
.P
The first field of text is
.FONT CB A R ,
the second
.FONT CB B R ,
etc.
.
Typical input for our example might be:
.
.
.RS
.nf
.nh
|A\\YES\\/THIS IS SOME TEXT
TO BE FILLED.
.hy
.fi
.RE
.
.
.P
The characters 1n the picture lines were 1nterpreted as follows.
.
Contiguous sequences of letters determine the fie1d positions;
non\-alphabetic characters are output literally.
.
(Note:
.FONT CB Q.QQ
wi11 not work, put the period
.RB \[dq] . \[dq]
in the text.
.
A sequence of characters written between double quotes is considered
literal text.
.
The
.I double quotes
are not output, and there is no way to use
.I double quote
as a
.IR literal .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Hyphenation Processing
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB .HYPHENATE
Enable
.IR "hyphenation mode" .
.
This is the default when starting up.
.
The
.FONT CB RUNOFF
program used a small
.I glossary
for splitting.
.
In
.I hyphenation mode
.FONT CB RUNOFF
would try to find a word 1n the glossary which is the same (except for
the endings
.FONT CB \-S R ,
.FONT CB \-ES R ,
.FONT CB \-ED R ,
and
.FONT CB \-E R )
as the word at the end of the line of text.
.
When running in
.BR groff (1)
there are
.I glossaries
being much more complete than in
.BR RUNOFF .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOHYPHEN
Disable
.IR "hyphenation mode" .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .GLOSSARY I " word"
This command inserts words into the
.I glossary
for use in
.IR hyphenation .
.
Each word should have the form
.FONT CB hy\[hy]phen\[hy]ate
and be separated by spaces.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".HYPHENATION BREAK" I " n"
This command set the parameter which determines the allowable number
of spaces to te inserted in a line before
.FONT CB RUNOFF
tried to hyphenate the last word.
.
Each space counts ten points.
.
If more than
.I n
points per word would have to be inserted, then
.I hyphenation
will be attempted.
.
The initial setting of this parameter is 5 (one\-half space per word).
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Margin Controls
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
There are two types of margins involved in
.FONT CI RUNOFF R .
.
.
.TP
(1)
The physical margins.
.
These are determined by the nature of the printing device.
.
The margins outline the area where it is physically possible to print
characters.
.
.
.TP
(2)
.
The logical margins.
.
These can be set bv the user as he wishes.
.
(Limits are imposed by the physical margins.)
.
They are initialized for standard 8.5\[dq] by 11\[dq] printing.
.
.
.P
Commands concerning vertical and horizontal margins are:
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PAGE LAYOUT TM, EM, TOL"
This sets the vertical logical margins and vertical tolerence.
.
Parameters are top margin, bottom margin and tolerance.
.
The tolerance is used to determine where to break between pages on
page overflows.
.
If
there is a line break within
.I TCL lines
of the bottom,
.FONT CB RUNOFF
will break the page there; otherwise it will fill the page completely.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".LINE LAYOUT LM, RM, NO, CS"
This sets the logical left and right margin, the number of columns,
and the number of spaces to insert between columns.
.
These margins are used for the page headings.
.
To adjust the relative
text position, use the subsequent commands.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".REDUCE MARGIN LM, RM"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".EXPAND MARGIN LM, RM"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".END REDUCTION"
These commands enable the user to indent a certain portion of his text
using the first command, or
.FONT CB .UNDENT
his text using the second command.
.
In either case the original margins are restored by the third command.
.
The use of several
.FONT CB ".REDUCE MARGIN"
commends before the corresponding
.FONT CB ".END REDUCTION"
commands succesively indents the text more, and more.
.
Thus these commands are 1ike brackets (i.e. recursive).
.
.FONT CB LM
is added to the left logical margin and
.FONT CB RM
is subtracted from the right logical margin in the first command.
.
Just
the opposite is done on the second command.
.
Negative numbers are permitted.
.
These commands do not effect the position of page headings.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".LAYOUT PLM, PRM, PTM, PBM, LL, LO"
This command defines the physical margins in the followinq complex
manner.
.
(It should only be used for non\-standard devices, normally this
command should not be necessary.)
.
The parameters are the physical left margin (in spaces), the physical
right margin, the physical top 1ine, the physical bottom line, the
line lenqth, and line origin.
.
The first four parameters define the physical 1imits of the printing
device.
.
The final two parameters define the length of the logical line and its
origin with respect to the left edge of the paper.
.
Printing starts at column
.FONT CB "LO + LM" R ,
and ends at
.FONT CB "LO + RM" R ,
where
.FONT CB LM
and
.FONT CB RM
are the logical margins established by
.FONT CB ".LINE LAYOUT" R .
.
When using the
.FONT CI "facing feature"
(see
.FONT CB ".PAGING MODE" R ),
the logical left margin is
.FONT CB "LL \[em] RM"
on even pages, and the right margin is
.
.FONT CB "LL \[em] LM" R .
.
The parameters for the layout command must satisfy:
.
.RS
.RS
.nh
.nf
.ft CB
.nop "min(LO + LL \[em] PLM, PRM \[em] LO) > max(PLM \[em] LO, \
LO + LL \[em] PRM)\f[],\f[CB]"
.nop LL > 25\f[], and \f[CB]PBM \[em] PTM > 6\f[]
.fi
.hy
.RE
.
.
.P
This command sets
.FONT CB LM
to 15,
.FONT CB RM
to
.FONT CB "LL \[em] 10" R ,
.FONT CB TM
to
.FONT CB PTM R ,
and
.cb BM
to
.FONT CB "PBM \[em] 6" R .
.
(These margin settings produce the standard 1.5 inch left, and 1 inch
right, too, and bottom margins.)
.
.RE
.
.
.P
Initially
.FONT CB RUNOFF
sets the margins for
.I teletype
output to:
.
.
.RS
.RS
.nh
.nf
.ft CB
.nop .LAYOUT 6, 89, 6, 66, 8S, 0
.nop .LINE LAYOUT 15, 75
.nop .FILL
.ft
.fi
.hy
.RE
.RE
.
.
.P
The printer layout is:
.
.RS
.RS
.nh
.nf
.ft CB
.nop ".layout 5, 137, 6, 66, 85, 15"
.nop ".page layout 6, 60, 4"
.ft
.fi
.hy
.RE
.RE
.
.P
The logical margins must satisfy:
.
.RS
.RS
.nh
.nf
.ft CB
.nop min(LL, PRM \[em] LO, LO \[em] LL \[em] PLM) >= RM >
.nop "     LM >= max(0, PLM \[em] LO, LO + LL \[em] PRM)" \f[],\f[CB]
.nop "PBM >= BM > TM >= PTM" "\f[], and\f[CB]"
.nop BM \[em] TM > TOL\f[].
.fi
.hy
.RE
.RE
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Paragraph Formatting
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PARAGRAPH SPACING" I " n"
.
This specifies how many lines are to be inserted between paragraphs.
.
Initial setting = 1.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PARAGRAPH INDENTATION" I " n"
This specifies how many additional spaces to insert at the beginning
of a paragraph.
.
Initial setting = 5.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PARAGRAPH UNDENTATION" I " n"
This command is the same as
.FONT CB ".PARAGRAPH INDENTATION" I " \-n" R .
.
That is,
.I n
fewer spaces are inserted at the beginning of the paragraph.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Special Line Justification and Control
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
These commands pertain to the next logical line.
.
The end of the line should be designated with a break.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .CENTER
.
Center the next line.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .INDENT I " n"
.
Indent the next line
.I n
spaces.
.
If
.I n
is not provided, 5 is assumed.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .UNDENT I " n"
.
Start the next line
.I n
spaces to the left of the normal margin.
.
This command is the same as
.FONT CB .INDENT I " \-n" R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .MARGIN
Justify the next 1ine against the right hand margin.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Heading and Paging
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB .HEADER I " XXXXXXX"
.FONT CB RUNOFF
accepts a heading to go on the first line of
each paqe.
.
The heading strinq is assured to start at the first non\-blank
character after thd control word and end at carriage return.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".HEADING MODE" I " <param>"
.I <param>
determines the position of the heading on the 11ne.
.
.I <param>
may be any of the following.
.
.
.RS
.
.TP
.FONT CB CENTER
The header will be centered on the 1ine.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB MARGIN
The header will be adjusted against the riqht margin.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB PAGING
On even numbered pages tne header is adjusted against the right
margin.
.
On odd pages it is adjusted against the left mergin.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB OPPOSED
The header will be adjusted against the opposite margin from the
page numter.
.
This is the initial mode.
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PAGING MODE" I " <param>"
.
This command determines the placing of the page number.
.
All parameters are optional.
.I <param>
may be anyone or more of the following oommands.
.
In case of conflict the latest command wins.
.
.RS
.
.TP
.FONT CB CENTER
The page numbers are centered between the logical margins.
.
.TP
.FONT CB MARGIN
The page number is adjusted against the right margin.
.
.TP
.FONT CB FACING
On even numbered pages the number will be adjusted against the right
margin.
.
On odd numbered pages tne number will be adjusted against the
left margin.
.
.TP
.FONT CB TOP
Page numbers are placed on the first line.
.
.TP
.FONT CB BOTTOM
Page numbers are placed on the last line.
.
.TP
.FONT CB OFF
Printing page numbers is discontinued.
.
.TP
.FONT CB PREFIX I " <string>"
.TQ
.FONT CB SECTION I " <string>"
.TQ
.FONT CB SUFFIX I " <string>"
The strings of characters between quotation marks are used to form the
page. string, which has the form:
.
.RS
.I <prefix><section><page number><suffix>
.
.P
Any or all of these strings mav be null.
.
The section string is considered to be part of the page number for
purposes of indexing.
.
.RE
.P
Initial mode is:
.
.RS
.RS
.ft CB
.nop ".PAGING MODE TOP MARGIN PREFIX \[dq]Page\[dq]"
.nop ".PAGING MODE SECTION \[dq]\[dq] SUFFIX \[dq]\[dq]"
.RE
.RE
.
.
.P
If neither page number nor heading is used, the text will start on the
first logical line.
.
Otherwise it will start on the fourth logical line.
.
If the page number is at the bottom, text will end on the fourth line
from the bottom.
.
If the paging and headinq mode conflict, the page string overwrites
the heading.
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".ODD PAGE"
This
.FONT CI "control word"
causes the ourrent page to be printed out and the next page to be
started with the next higher odd number.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .PAGE I " n"
If
.I n
is present, insert a page break and start numbering the next pege
with
.IR n .
Otherwise, turn the
.I paging mode
on and do not insert a page break.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .EJECT I " n"
Insert a page break if either there are fewer than
.I n
lines left on the page or
.I n
is not present.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Lines and Spacing
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".SINGLE SPACE"
Sing1e space all 1ines within paragraphs.
.
This is the initial state.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".DOUBLE SPACE"
Double space all lines within paragraphs.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .SPACE I " n"
Output
.I n
1ine spaces.
.
If
.I n
is not provided, 1 is assumed.
.
In case of page overflow all remaining blank 1ines to be output are
deleted.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".FIGURE SPACING" I " n"
This command is equivalent to
.FONT CB .EJECT I " n"
followed by
.FONT CB .SPACE
.IR n .
.
These commands provide the only means of creatinq blank 11nes.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .BREAK
The lines before and after this command will not be run together in
.IR "fill mode" .
.
A simpler way to get a line break is to insert one or more blank lines
in the text.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".BEGIN GROUP"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".END GROUP"
The output lines enclosed between these two commands are forced to lie
on a page.
.
Thus this command acts in a manner similar to
.FONT CB .EJECT I " n" R ,
where
.I n
has the 'right' value.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Miscellanous
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB .UNDERLINE
The following 1ine is underlined.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .LITERAL
The next line is taken as part of text whether or not
it begins with dot.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .ESCAPE I <char>
.TQ
.FONT CB .SHIFT I <char>
.TQ
.FONT CB ".TAB CHARACTER" I <char>
The given character becomes the
.IR escape ,
.IR shift ,
or
.I tab
character.
.
The parameter for the
.FONT CB .SHIFT
and
.FONT CB ".TAB CHARACTER"
commands may be null, if no
.I shift
or
.I tab
character is desired.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".DEFINE COMMAND" I " <name>"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".END COMMAND"
.TQ
.FONT CB .CALL I " <name>"
These commands give the user the opportunity to combine text and
control lines to form his own commands.
.
All text and command lines between the first and second commands is
stored away under
.IR name .
.
When the third command is executed, the stored string is read and the
commands within the string are executed.
.
Recursion is not permitted.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .INDEX I " <phrase>, <phrase>"
.
.FONT CB RUNOfF
saves the first phrase in the main index table and the second phrase
(if any) in a sub\-index table associated with the first phrase.
.
.RS
.
The index is formatted and output after the last page of text.
.
Two built\-in but redefinable formats,
.FONT CI RINDEX
and
.FONT CI SINDEX R ,
are used to format the index as shown in the following example.
.
.RS
.nh
.nf
.FONT CB "Algorithms, 40, 78," R "             \[rs]\[dq] uses " I RINDEX
.FONT CB "  analysis of, 27, " R "             \[rs]\[dq] uses " I SINDEX
.fi
.hy
.RE
.
.
The following lines give the initial definitions for the indexing
formats.
.
.
.RS
.nh
.nf
.ft CB
.nop ".define format RINDEX f(A)"
.nop "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
.nop "    AAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAA"
.nop ".end format"
.nop ".define format SINDEX f(A)"
.nop "  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
.nop "    AAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAA"
.nop ".end format"
.ft
.fi
.hy
.RE
.
.
In order to get an index output in two columns,
.RS
.P
.FONT CB ".LINE LAYOUT 15, 75, 2, 4"
.P
should be the last line of the input.
.RE
.
.RE
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH RUNOFF ADDITIONS 1981
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Source File Format
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The source file contains the textual material which will appear on the
final copy, plus information to specify formatting.
.
Most importantly, upper and lower case information also may be
supplied so that copy can be prepared on the terminal or other such
device which can input only upper case letters.
.
All command information consists of regular
.FONT CI ASCII
printing characters so that a listing of the source file may be
examined if the final copy is not exactly as desired.
.
.
.P
All material in the source file is taken to be source text except
those lines beginning with a period.
.
A line beginning with a period is assumed to be a command, and must
match one of those listed below.
.
The commands provide the formatting information, and control various
optional modes of operation.
.
.
.P
Usually the text is
.I filled
and
.I justified
as it is processed.
.
That is, the program
.I fills
a line by adding successive words from the source text until one more
word would cause the right margin to be exceeded.
.
The line is then
.I justified
by making the word spacings larger until the last word in the line
exactly meets the right margin.
.
.
.P
The user may occasionally wish to reproduce the source text exactly,
which is done by disabling
.I filling
and
.I justification
or by use of the
.FONT CR .LITERAL
command.
.
The program may be set to
.I fill
but not
.IR justify ,
in which case the output will be normal except that lines will not be
justified to the right margin.
.
The program may also be set to
.I justify
but not
.IR fill ,
although this would probably produce peculiar results and is not
recommended.
.
.
.P
When the
.I fill mode
is on, spaces and carriage returns occurring in the source text are
treated only as word separators.
.
Multiple separators are ignored.
.
.
.P
Some of the commands cause a BREAK in the output.
.
A
.I break
means that the current line is output without justification, and the
next word goes at the beginning of the next line.
.
This occurs at the end of paragraphs.
.
.
.P
The program will advance to new pages as necessary, placing the title
(if given) and the page number at the top of each page.
.
The user may call explicitly for a
.I page advance
where desired, and may inhibit the occurrence of a
.I page advance
within specified material.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Case Information of Text Lines
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The information in this section documents the style of the text lines
that could only be upper case in the ancient
.FONT CI CTSS
computers of the early 1960s..
.
It seems as if this section documents the old
.FONT CI RUNOFF
style.
.
.
.P
Specification of
.I case
for files prepared on the terminal is done with two characters,
circumflex 
.FONT R ( CB ^ R , CI " 136 octal" R ),
and
.FONT CR back\-slash R " (" CB \[rs] R , CI " 134 octal" R ).
The appearance of a circumflex causes the letter immediately following
to be transmitted in upper case.
.
The appearance of a
.FONT CR back\-slash
causes the letter immediately following to be converted to lower case.
.
Any letter not preceded by one of these characters is transmitted in
the current mode.
.
.
.P
The mode is initially
.I "upper case"
.FONT CB (wrong!) R .
.
(The initial mode seems to be
.IR "lower case" .
.
That's the style used by the available
.FONT CI RUNOFF
files in the PDP-10 archive and by the example below.
.
And each newline seems to switch back to the initial mode, well:
.IR "lower case" ). 
.
.
.P
The mode is changed by the occurrance of two successive
.I case
control characters.
.
Two
.FONT CR circumflexes
.FONT CB ^^
cause the mode to be set to
.IR "upper case" ,
and two
.FONT CR back\-slashes
.FONT CB "\[rs]\[rs]"
cause the mode to be set to
.IR "lower case" .
.
.
.P
The use of the above corresponds to the use of the
.FONT CR shift
and
.FONT CR shift\-lock
keys on a typewriter.
.
Usually, typing appears in
.IR "lower case" .
To type one letter in
.IR "upper case" ,
the
.FONT CR shift
.I key
is used.
.
The
.FONT CR shift\-lock
is set to type a series of
.IR "upper case letters" ,
after which it is released.
.
.
.P
The following shows the uses of the case control characters:
.EX
^HERE IS A ^SAMPLE ^SENTENCE IN ^^UPPER CASE\[rs]\[rs] AND LOWER CASE.  
.EE
becomes:
.EX
Here is a Sample Sentence in UPPER CASE and lower case.
.EE
.
.
.RS
.P
.ce
NOTE
.
.P
Case conversion takes place only on
.FONT CI ASCII
.I " codes"
.FONT CR 101
to
.FONT CR "132 octal" R ,
that is, the
.I upper case
letters.
.
Any actual
.I lower case
letters (codes
.FONT CR 141
to
.FONT CR "172 octal" R )
appearing in the source will be transmitted unchanged.
.
If the source is prepared on a device such as a
.FONT CI DECwriter
or model
.FONT CI "37 Teletype"
which produce letters of the proper
.IR case ,
the mode should be set to
.I upper case
at the beginning of the file and left unchanged for the remainder.
.RE
.
.
.P
An additional character,
.FONT CR less\-than
.FONT R ( CR < R ,
.FONT CR "074 octal" R ),
capitalizes the entire word it precedes.
.
It then returns the file to the current
.IR case .
.
This character is not engaged unless preceded by the
.nh
.FONT CB ".FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.hy
.IR command .
.
Similarly, the
.nh
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.hy
.I command
engages the special character
.FONT CR equals
.FONT R ( CB = R , CR "075 octal" R ),
which causes
.I hyphenization
to be suspended for the word it precedes.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Special Characters
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB & CI " Ampersand    " CR Underscoring
The character
.FONT CI ampersand
.FONT R ( CB & R ,
.FONT CR "046 octal" R )
is used to specify
.UL underscoring .
.
The
.FONT CI ampersand
will cause the character following it to be
.IR underscored ,
e.g.
.FONT CB &f&o&o
becomes
.UL \f[CB]foo\f[] .
.
.
.P
Underlining of a string of characters can also be specified in a
manner similar to that of the
.CI shift lock
operations described above.
;
An appearance of
.FONT CI ampersand
preceded by
.FONT CI circumflex
.FONT CB ^&
will cause underlining of all following characters except space.
.
An appearance of
.CI ampersand
preceded by
.CI back\-slash
.FONT CB \[rs]&
will disable this mode.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB # CR "  Number Sign  " I "Explicit space"
It is occasionally necessary to include
.I spaces
in the text which should not be treated as
.IR "word separators" .
.
For this purpose,
.FONT CI RUNOFF
treats the
.I number\-sign
character
.FONT R ( CB # R ,
.FONT CR "043 octal" R )
as a
.IR "quoted space" ;
i.e.  it will print as exactly one
.I space
in the output, will never be expanded nor changed to a
.IR "carriage return" .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB _ CR "  Underline   " I "Quote next character"
To allow the appearance of the
.I special characters
.FONT R ( CI ampersand
used as a
.IR "quote character" .
.
The character immediately following an
.FONT CR underscore
will be transmitted to the output with no formatting effect.
.
The
.FONT CR underscore
itself is thus another
.IR "case requiring quoting" .
.
The following five cases occur:
.FONT CB _& R ,
.FONT CB _^ R ,
.FONT CB _\[rs] R ,
.FONT CB __ R ,
.FONT CB _# R ,
.FONT CB _{ R ,
.FONT CB _} R ,
and
.FONT CB _| R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ^ CI "   Circumflex   " I "Upper\-case shift or mode lock"
As described above, the
.FONT CI circumflex
character
.FONT CB ^
is used to convert the letter following to
.IR upper\-case .
It is also used to lock the
.I case mode
in
.IR "upper case" ,
and the
.I underline mode
to
.UL "underline all text" .
.
If it is to appear in the printed text, it must be preceded by the
.I quote character
.FONT CB _^ R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CR \[rs] CI "  back\-slash  " I "lower\-case shift or mode unlock"
As described above, the
.FONT CI back\-slash
character
.FONT CB \[rs]
is used to output the letter following in
.IR lower\-case .
.
It is also used to lock the
.I case mode
in
.IR lower\-case ,
and to disable
.IR underlining .
.
If it is to appear in the printed text, it must be preceded by the
.I quote
character
.FONT CB _\[rs] R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB < CI "   less\-than   " I "Capitalize next word"
If
.FONT CB ".FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
has been engaged, the
.FONT CI less\-than
character
.FONT CB <
is a special character used to capitalize the entire word it precedes.
.
If it is to appear in the printed text, it must be preceded by the
.I quote
character
.FONT CB _< R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB = CR " equals\-sign " I  "hypenation disable"
If
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
has been engaged, the
.I equals
character
.FONT CB =
used to disable
.I hyphenation
for the word it preceds.
.
If it is to appear in the printed text, it must be preceded by the
.I quote
character
.FONT CB _= R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB { CR " left\-brace " I "Reverse half\-linefeed"
If the output device type is no
.FONT CB N R ,
then the
.I left
and
.I right braces
are used for
.I superscripting
and
.IR subscripting .
.
The
.I left\-brace
.FONT R ( CB { CR " 173 octal" R )
produces a
.IR "reverse half\-linefeed" .
When combined with the
.I right brace
.FONT R ( CB } CR " 175 octal" R )
scripting is created; e.g.
.FONT CB {super}
becomes
.FONT CB {super} R ,
and
.FONT CB }sub{
becomes
.FONT CB }sub{ R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB } CR " right\-brace " I "forward half\-linefeed"
As described above, the
.I right brace
.FONT R ( CB } CR " 175 octal" R )
when coupled with the
.I left brace
will produce scripting.
.
This will only occur when a scripting output device is selected.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB | CR " vertical\-bar " I "Engage/disengage alternate character set"
The
.I vertical bar
.FONT R ( CB | R , CR " 174 octal" R )
acts as an on/off switch.
.
It will alternatly transmit a
.I shift\-out
and a
.I shift\-in
character to change the selected character set; e.g.
.FONT CB |ABC|
becomes
.FONT CI Ctrl\-N CB ABC CI Ctrl\-O R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CI Ctrl\-N CR " Control-N " I "enchacement on/off;  red/black ribbon"
If an
.I Anderson-Jacobson output device
is selected, a
.FONT CI Control\-N
.FONT R ( CI Ctrl\-N R ,
.FONT CR "016 octal" R )
will alternatly engage and disengage the print enchancement; e.g.
.FONT CB NFOO CI Ctrl\-N
becomes
.FONT CB FOO R .
.
.
.P
If a
.I Diablo output device
is selected, a
.FONT CI Control\-N
will alternatly  select  the  red  and  black  ribbon color;  e.g.
.FONT CB NFOO CI Ctrl\-N
becomes
.FONT CB FOO R .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Special Characters Overview
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.P
Below is a list of
.FONT CI RUNOFF R 's
special characters.
.
To appear in the text, each must be preceded by the
.CI underscore
character (itself a special character).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ^
shift character for upper case
.
.TP
.FONT CB \[rs]
shift character for lower case
.
.TP
.FONT  CB <
flag character for upper case.
.
Only becomes a special character if
.FONT CB ".FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
is engaged.
.
.TP
.FONT CB #
quoted space character
.
.TP
.FONT CB =
flag character for disabling hyphenation.
.
Only becomes a
.I special character
if
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
is  engaged.
.
.TP
.FONT CB &
.FONT CR underscore
.
.TP
.FONT CB _
.I quote special character
.
.TP
.FONT CB {
.I reverse half\-linefeed
for scripting
.
.TP
.FONT CB }
.I forward half\-linefeed
for scripting
.
.TP
.FONT CB |
switch on/off the
.I alternate character set
.
.TP
.FONT CB ^n
switch on/off the print enchancement or switch to the red/black ribbon
color
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS RUNOFF Commands
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
The following
.I commands
will be recognized if they are at the beginning of a line started with
a period.
.
Any line in the source file beginning with a period is assumed to be
one of these
.IR commands .
.
If it is not, an
.I error diagnostic
will be typed and the line will be ignored.
.
Some
.I commands
take one or more decimal numeric arguments.
.
These are separated from the
.I command
by a
.FONT CR space R .
.
More than one
.I command
may be entered on a single line by separating the
.I commands
with a
.FONT CI semicolon
.FONT R ` CB ; R '
or a
.FONT CI period
.FONT R ` CB . R '.
.
.
.P
.I Multi\-word commands
may appear in any form.
.
Thus,
.FONT CB ".NO HEADER"
and
.FONT CB .NOHEADER
are both legal.
.
.
.P
Many
.I commands
may be abbreviated.
.
Standard
.I abbreviations
are given below each
.IR command .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Text Formatting Commands
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB .BREAK
.TQ
.FONT CB .BR
causes a
.IR break ,
i.e. the current line will be output with no
.IR justification ,
and the next word of the source text will be placed at the beginning
of the next line.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .SKIP CI " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .SK CI " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .S CI " n"
causes a BREAK after which
.CI n
is multiplied by the number of
.I spaces
between lines.
.
The result is the number of lines
.IR skipped .
.
Output is advanced to the top of the next page if there is no room on
the current page.
.
If the current page is empty,
.FONT CB .SKIP
does nothing.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .BLANK I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .B I " n"
causes the current line to be output with no
.IR justification ,
skips
.FONT CI n
line spaces, and then starts output of the current source text.
.
.FONT CB .BLANK
is like
.FONT CB .SKIP R ,
except that the
.I space
to be left is independent of line spacing.
.
If the page is empty,
.FONT CB .BLANK
does nothing.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FIGURE I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .FG I " n"
leaves
.I n
lines blank to make room for a figure or diagram.
.
If fewer than
.I n
lines remain on the current page, text continues to
.I fill
this page, then the page is advanced and
.I n
blank lines are left at the top of the next page.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .INDENT I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .I I " n"
causes a
.CI break
and sets the next line to begin
.I n
spaces to the right of the left margin.
.
The
.I n
can be negative to allow beginning a line to the left of the left
margin.
.
However, a line cannot begin to the left of column 0.
.
If
.I n
is not supplied, the current paragraph indent is used.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .PARAGRAPH I " n, v, t"
.FONT CB .P I " n, v, t"
causes a
.I break
and formats the output paragraphs.
.
The
.I n
is optional and, if present, sets the number of spaces the paragraph
is to be indented.
.
The default value for
.I n
is
.FONT CB 5
.RI ( n
can also have a negative value).
.
.I v
is the vertical spacing between paragraphs.
.
.I v
can range from
.FONT CB 0
to
.FONT CB 5 R .
.
.FONT R ( CB 1
is
.IR "single spacing" ,
.FONT CB 2
is
.IR "double spacing" ,
etc.)
.
.I t
causes an automatic
.FONT CI ".TEST PAGE"
(see the
.FONT CB ".TEST PAGE"
.IR command ).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .CENTER I " n" CB ; I text
.TQ
.FONT CB .CENTRE I " n" CB ; I text
.TQ
.FONT CB .C I " n" CB ; I text
causes a
.I break
and centers the following text in the source file.
.
The centering is over column
.FONT CB ( I n CB " + " I "left margin" CB )/2 R .
If
.I n
is not given, it is assumed to be the
.
.IR "right margin" .
.
.
.RS
.P
.ce
NOTE
.
.P
.FONT CB CENTER R ,
.FONT CB "RIGHT MARGIN" R ,
.FONT CB "LEFT MARGIN" R ,
.FONT CB "PAGE SIZE" R ,
and
.FONT CB STANDARD
take both relative and absolute values.
.
Relative values are expressed as
.FONT CB + I n
or
.FONT CB \- I n R ,
while absolute values of
.I n
are unsigned.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FOOTNOTE I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .FN I " n"
saves
.I n
lines at the bottom of the current page for a
.IR footnote .
.
The
.I n
is multiplied by the number of spaces set with the
.FONT CB .SPACING
command.
.
If insufficient room remains on the current page, space is allocated
at the bottom of the following page.
.
The text of the
.I footnote
should begin on the line following the
.FONT CB .FOOTNOTE
command.
.
.IR Indentation ,
.IR "case lock" ,
.IR justify ,
.IR margins ,
.IR spacing ,
and
.I fill
are preserved around footnotes.
.
However,
.I commands
that affect page formatting are illegal in a
.IR footnote .
.
.I Tab stops
are illegal because they are not preserved.
.
A footnote within a footnote is also illegal.
.
.
.P
The actual space taken by a footnote can be more or less than
specified by
.IR n .
If necessary
.FONT CR adjust
.I n
after examining a draft printout.
.
.
.P
The
.I footnote
is terminated with a line beginning with an exclamation point (the
remainder of which is ignored).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOTE I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .NT I " text"
starts an
.IR "indented note" .
.
This command
.I blanks
.FONT CB 2 R ,
reduces both
.IR margins ,
.I centers
the text (if no text is given, it centers the word
.FONT CB NOTE R ),
and then
.I blanks
.FONT CB 1 R .
.
At this point you enter the text of the
.IR note .
.
If the left margin is at
.FONT CB 0 R ,
the
.I margin reduction
is
.FONT CB 15 R ,
otherwise it is
.FONT CB 5 R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".END NOTE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .EN
terminates the
.FONT CB .NOTE
command,
.I blanks
.CONT CB 2 R ,
and reverts the margins and spacing modes to their settings before the
last
.FONT CB .NOTE
command.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .LIST I " n"
.FONT CB .LS I " n"
starts an indented list with
.I n
spacing, moves the left margin
.FONT CB 9
spaces to the right for the first
.FONT CB .LIST
command, and
.FONT CB 4
more spaces for each subsequent nested
.FONT CB .LIST R .
.
The normal
.I fill
and
.I justify modes
remain in effect.
.
Therefore, you must disengage them just after the
.FONT CB .LS
command if you want a ragged right.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".LIST ELEMENT;" I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .LE; I " text"
starts an item in the list, used in conjunction with the
.FONT CB LIST
comand.
.
The elements are numbered sequentially and the number is given a
negative indent so that the list lines up.
.
The number is followed by a
.I period
and two
.I spaces
so that the indent will be by 
.FONT CB \-4 R .
.
The
.I list elements
are separated by the standard paragraph spacing and
.FONT CI "TEST PAGE" R .
.
If you want to type the text on the same line as the command, you must
separate the text from the command with any number of intervening
.I spaces
or
.IR tabs ,
or (optionally) one
.IR semicolon .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".END LIST"
.TQ
.FONT CB .ELS
terminates the
.FONT CB .LIST
command and returns to settings before the last
.FONT CB .LIST
command.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .COMMENT I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .; I " text"
causes the line to be ignored.
.
The text is not printed in the output file, but rather is used as a
.I comment
line in the source text.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Page Formatting Commands
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB .PAGE
.FONT CB .PG
causes a
.I break
and an
.I advance
to a new page.
.
If the current page is empty, this
.I command
does not
.I advance
the page.
.
Just like an
.IR "automatic page advance" ,
this
.I command
prints the
.I title
(if given) and
.I page numbers
on every page.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".TEST PAGE" I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .TP I " n"
causes a
.I break
followed by a
.IR "conditional page advance" .
.
It skips to the next page if fewer than
.I n
lines are left on the page.
.
This capability is to ensure that the following
.I n
lines are all output on the same page.
.
This
.I command
has the form
.I t
as an optional argument to the
.FONT CB .PARAGRAPH
command.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NUMBER I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .NM I " n"
starts page numbering.
.
This is the default so there is no reason to issue this command unless
page numbering is disengaged.
.
If
.I resumption
of page numbering is desired at a certain page, specify
.IR n .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NONUMBER
.FONT CB .NNM
disengages page numbering.
.
However, pages continue to be counted, so that the normal page number
can appear if page numbering is re\-entered with the
.FONT CB .NUMBER
command.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .CHAPTER I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .CH I " text"
starts a new chapter using the text as the title of the chapter.
.
This
.I command
acts as if the following
.I command string
were entered:
.
.
.P
.EX
.nop ".BREAK;.PAGE;.BLANK 12;.CENTER;CHAPTER n"
.EE
.P
The
.I n
is incremented by
.FONT CB 1
automatically.
.
After the CHAPTER
.I n
is typed on the page,
.
.
.P
.EX
.nop .BLANK 2;.CENTER;text;.BLANK 3
.EE
.P
occurs.
.
This
.I command
then resets the
.IR case ,
.IR margins ,
.IR spacing ,
and
.IR "justify/fill modes" .
.
It also clears any
.I subtitles
and sets the
.I chapter name
as the
.IR title .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".NUMBER CHAPTER " I " n"
supplies a number
.I n
to be used in a subsequent
.FONT CB .CHAPTER
command.
.
.FONT CB ".NUMBER CHAPTER"
would be used when a
.I chapter
of a document occupies a source file of its own.
.
In such a case,
.FONT CB ".NUMBER CHAPTER"
would be the first command of the source file.
.
.
.TP
.FONT  CB ".HEADER LEVEL" I " n text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .HL I " n text"
starts a section at the level specified and takes the following text
as the header.
.
.I n
can range from
.FONT CB 1
to
.FONT CB 5 R .
.
The sections are incremented by
.FONT CB 1
automatically, and the number is output in the form
.FONT I i CB . I j CB . I k CB . I l CB . I m R .
If this is a chapter oriented document, the
.I i
is the chapter number.
.
Otherwise, it is the number of the
.FONT CB ".HL 1"
level.
.
This command acts as a
.
.P
.EX
.FONT CB ".BREAK;.TEST PAGE 9;.BLANK 3"
.EE
.
.P
followed by the
.IR "section number" ,
two
.IR spaces ,
and the
.IR "section name" .
.
.FONT CI "HEADER LEVELS " CB 1
and
.FONT CB 2
end with a
.IR break .
.FONT CI "HEADER LEVELS"
.FONT CB 3 R ", " CB 4 R ,
and
.FONT CB 5
end with a space\-dash\-space combination (#\-#).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .TITLE I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .T I " text"
takes the remaining text as the title and outputs it on every page at
line
.FONT CB 0 R .
.
The default is no title.
.
If a
.I title
is desired, this
.I command
must be entered in the source file.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".FIRST TITLE" I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".FT" I " text"
Same as
.FONT CB .TITLE R ,
but used to specify the title to be printed on the first page of the
document.
.
This command must precede all text in the source file.
.
Use of the
.FONT CB ".FIRST TITLE"
command is the only way to print a title line on the first page of the
document.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .SUBTITLE I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .SUBTTL I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .ST I " text"
takes the remaining text as the
.I subtitle
and outputs it on every page.
.
It appears directly under the title.
.
The
.I subtitle
is not
.IR indented ,
but
.I indentation
can be achieved by typing leading spaces.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .INDEX I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB .X I " text"
takes the remaining text on the line as a keyword and adds it, along
with the current
.IR "page number" ,
to the internal index buffer.
.
The command does not cause a
.IR break .
.
It should appear immediately before the item to be
.IR indexed .
.
A keyword may be
.I indexed
more than once.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".DO INDEX" I " text"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".DX" I " text"
forces a new page, centers the text, if given, otherwise it centers
the word
.FONT CI "INDEX" R .
.
This command prints the entire contents of the index buffer.
.
Entries are printed in alphabetic order and are set against the left
margin.
.
Regular line spacing is used, except that a blank line is left between
entries of different first letters.
.
The page number of each entry is placed on the same line as the entry
and in the middle of the page.
.
Additional page numbers for multiple entries follow, separated by
commas.
.
The index buffer is left empty.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PRINT INDEX"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".PX"
forces a new page after which it prints the entire contents of the
index buffer.
.
Entries are printed in alphabetical order and are set against the left
margin.
.
Regular line spacing is used, except that a blank line is left between
entries of different first letters.
.
The number of the first page on which each entry appeared is put on
the same line as the entry, beginning at the middle of the line
(midway betweeen the left and right margins).
.
Additional page numbers for multiple entries follow, separated by
commas.
.
The index buffer is left empty.
.
.
.P
.FONT CB ".PRINT INDEX"
and
.FONT CB ".DO INDEX"
perform the same task.
.
The only difference is that
.FONT CB ".PRINT INDEX"
does not interrupt the normal chapter and page sequencing.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .SUBPAGE
executes a
.FONT CB .PAGE
with page numbering suspended.
.
The page number is unchanged, but letters are appended to the page
number.
.
This permits insertion of additional pages within an existing document
without changing the existing page numbering.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".END SUBPAGE"
disengages the
.FONT CB .SUBPAGE
command by executing a
.FONT CB .PAGE
command with page numbering resumed.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .APPENDIX I " text"
.TP
.FONT CB .AX I " text"
starts a new appendix using the text as the title of the appendix.
.
This command acts as if the following command string were entered:
.
.RS
.P
.EX
.nop ".BREAK;.PAGE;.BLANK 12;.CENTER;APPENDIX a"
.EE
.RE
.P
The a is a letter that is incremented alphabetically automatically.
.
After the
.FONT CB "APPENDIX A"
is typed on the page,
.
.RS
.P
.EX
.nop .BLANK 2;.CENTER;text;.BLANK 3
.EE
.RE
.
.P
occurs.
.
This command then resets the
.IR case ,
.IR margins ,
.IR spacing ,
and
.IR justify/fill
modes.
.
It also clears any subtitles and sets the appendix name as the title.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".NUMBER APPENDIX" I " a"
supplies a letter
.I a
to be used as the letter for a subsequent
.FONT CB .APPENDIX
command.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .HEADER I " arg"
.TQ
.FONT CB .HD I " arg"
causes the page header
.RI ( title ,
.IR subtitle ,
and
.IR "page number" )
to be printed.
.
.I arg should be
.FONT CB UPPER
to specify
.I upper case characters
for the title text,
.FONT CB LOWER
to specify
.IR "lower case" ,
or
.FONT CB MIXED R .
.
The initial setting is
.FONT CB ".HEADER UPPER" R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOHEADER
.TP
.FONT CB .NHD
causes the page header
.RI ( title ,
.IR subtitle ,
and
.IR "page number" )
to be omitted.
.
The header lines are completely omitted, so that text begins at the
top of the page with no
.IR "top margin" .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Mode Setting Commands
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB .JUSTIFY
.TQ
.FONT CB .J
causes a break and sets subsequent output lines to be justified
(initial setting).
.
The
.I command
increases the spaces between words until the last word exactly meets
the right margin.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOJUSTIFY
.TQ
.FONT CB .NJ
causes a
.I break
and prevents
.I justification
of subsequent output lines to make a ragged right margin.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FILL
.TQ
.FONT CB .F
causes a break and specifies that subsequent output lines be filled
(inital setting).
.
Sets the justification mode to be that specified by the last
appearance of
.FONT CB  .JUSTIFY
or
.FONT CB NOJUSTIFY R .
.
.FONT CB .FILL
adds successive words from the source text until the adding of one
more word will exceed the right margin.
.
It stops before putting the last word in.
.
(If
.I hyphenation
has not been disabled,
.FONT CB RNO
will attempt to
.I break
words which cause line overflow into syllables.)
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOFILL
.TP
.FONT CB .NF
disengages the
.I fill
and
.IR "justify modes" .
.
This
.I command
is used to permit typing a table.
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
.ce
NOTE
.
.P
1. The
.I nofill\-nojustify mode
need be used only where there are several lines of material to be
copied exactly.
.
A single line example will not require using these commands if there
are breaks before and after.
.
.
.P
2. Normally
.FONT CB .FILL
and
.FONT CB NOFILL
are used to turn both
.I filling
and
.I justification
on and off.
.
It is usually desirable to do both.
.
A subsequent appearance of a
.I justification command
will override the
.I fill command
however.
.
.
.P
3. Because of the action of
.FONT CB .FILL R ,
a single occurrance of
.FONT CB NOJUSTIFY
will cause the remainder of the file to be
.IR unjustified ,
with
.I filling
as specified.
.
In order to
.I justify
but
.I not fill
(not recommended), a
.FONT CB .JUSTIFY
command must follow every
.FONT CB .NOFILL
command.
.
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".UPPER CASE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .UC
sets the output mode to
.IR "upper case" .
.
This comand acts the same as typing two
.CI circumflexes
.FONT CB ^^ R .
.
This is the default mode.
.
There is no need to type this command unless the mode was previously
altered to
.IR "lower case" .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".LOWER CASE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .LC
sets the typeout mode to
.IR "lower case" .
This command acts the same as typing two
.I back\-slashes
.FONT CB \[rs]\[rs] R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".FL CAPITALIZE"
enables the
.CI less\-than
.FONT CB <
character to
.I capitalize
the entire word it precedes.
.
It then returns the file to the current case mode.
.
This
.I special character
is usually
.FONT CR off
and must be typed at the very beginning of the source text to enable
this character.
.
Typing a space or another
.FONT CI "less\-than " CB <
returns the file to the current
.IR "case lock" .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .NFC
disengages the
.FONT CB "FLAG CAPITALIZE"
command (inital setting).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .HYPHENATION
.TQ
.FONT CB .HY
engages
.I hyphenization
(initial setting).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".NO HYPHENATION"
.TQ
.FONT CB .NHY
disengages
IR hyphenization .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.TQ
.FONT CB ".FL HYPHENATE"
enables the
.I equals character
.FONT CB =
to disengage
.I hyphenization
for the word it precedes.
.
This
.I special character
is initially
.FONT CR off
and must be typed at the beginning of the source file to enable this
character.
.
The
.FONT CI "FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.I character
is used to disengage
.I hyphenization
for words improperly
.I hyphenated
by the
.IR "hyphenization algorithm" .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".NO FLAGS HYPHENATE"
.TQ
.FONT CB .NFH
disengages the
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
command (initial setting).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NFL
disengages the
.FONT CB ".FLAGS CAPITALIZE"
and the
.FONT CB ".FLAGS HYPHENATE"
commands (initial setting).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .PERIOD
.TQ
.FONT CB .PR
enables printing of two
.I spaces
after every
.I period
.FONT CB .
that is followed by at least one
.I separator character
(initial setting).
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOPERIOD
.TQ
.FONT CB .NPR
disengages conversion of
.I period/separator
to
.IR "period/two spaces" .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .LITERAL
.TQ
,FONT CB .LIT
disengages
.I fill/justify
to permit printing of text exactly as entered in source file.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".END LITERAL"
.TQ
.FONT CB .ELI
used after
.FONT CB .LITERAL
command to re\-engage
.IR fill/justify .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Parameter Setting Commands
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".LEFT MARGIN" I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .LM I " n"
sets the left margin to
.IR n .
.
The
.I n
must be less than the right margin but not less than
.FONT CB 0 R .
The initial setting is
.FONT CB 0 R .
If
.I n
is not supplied,
.FONT CB 0
is used.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".RIGHT MARGIN" I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .RM I " n"
sets the right margin
.IR n .
The
.I n
must be greater than the left margin.
.
The initial setting is
.FONT CB 60 R .
.
If
.I n
is not supplied, the current page width (set with the
.FONT CB ".PAGE SIZE"
command) is used.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".PAPER SIZE" I " n" CB , I m
.TP
.FONT CB ".PAGE SIZE" I " n" CB , I m
.TP
.FONT CB ".PS" I " n" CB , I m
sets the size of the page
.I n
lines by
.I m
columns and sets the right margin to
.IR m .
The default setting is
.FONT CB 58,60 R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .PITCH I " n" CB , I m
.TQ
.FONT CB .PIT I " n" CB , I m
sets the horizontal and vertical pitch on a supporting output device.
.
The horizontal pitch is
.I n
and is specified as characters per inch.
.
The value must divide evenly into
.FONT CB 60
for
.FONT CI "Anderson\-Jacobson devices"
and into
.FONT CB 120
for
.FONT CI "Diablo devices" R .
.
The default is
.FONT CB 12 R .
.
.
.P
The vertical pitch is
.I m
and is specified as lines per inch.
.
.I m
must divide evenly into
.FONT CB 48 R .
.
The default is the hardware setting.
.
.I n
and
.I m
may be set independently.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .SPACING I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .SP I " n"
sets the number of spaces between lines.
.
The
.I n
can range from
.FONT CB 1
to
.FONT CB 5 R .
.
The default setting is
.FONT CB 1 R .
.
.FONT CB ".SPACING 1"
is like
.I single spacing
on a typewriter and
.FONT CB ".SPACING 2"
is like
.IR "double spacing" .
.FONT CB ".SPACING 2"
puts one
.I blank line
between lines of text.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .STANDARD I " n"
.TQ
.FONT CB .SD I " n"
returns all parameters, except the pitch settings, to their initial
settings and sets
.I n
as the page width.
.
If
.FONT CB ".STANDARD 60"
is specified, margins are reset
.FONT CB ".LM 0" R ,
.FONT CB ".RM 60" R ,
.FONT CB ".PAGE SIZE 58,60" R ,
.FONT CB ".SPACING 1" R ,
.FONT CB "PARAGRAPH INDENT 5" R ,
and
.I fill
and
.I justify
are enabled.
.
.FONT CB ".STANDARD 70"
sets right margin to
.FONT CB 70
and
.I page size
to
.FONT CB 58,70 R .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".TAB STOPS" I " n" CB , I n CB , I \*[Ellipsis]
.TQ
.FONT CB ".TS" I " n" CB , I n CB , I \*[Ellipsis]
sets tabs.
.
The
.I  n
must be greater than
.FONT CB 0
and listed in ascending order.
.
If tabs already exist, the issuing of another
.FONT CB ".TAB STOPS"
command clears all previous
.I tabs
before setting new ones.
.
The
.I default tabs
are set at eight\-column intervals to match the
.FONT CR Digital
hardware standard.
.
These
.I tabs
are at columns
.FONT CB 8 R ,
.FONT CB 16 R ,
.FONT CB 24 R ,
.FONT CB 32 R ,
.FONT CB 40 R ,
.FONT CB 48 R ,
.FONT CB 56 R ,
.FONT CB 64 R ,
.FONT CB 72 R ,
and
.FONT CB 80 R .
.
The tabs are converted to the appropriate number of non\-expandable
spaces.
.
If there are no regular spaces to the left of the
.IR tabs ,
they will print out at the appropriate position, even if
.I fill
is on.
.
If
.I literal
is on, the
.I tabs
are not converted to
.IR spaces ,
but are output as
.IR tabs .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .AUTOPARAGRAPH
.TQ
.FONT CB .AP
causes any
.I blank line
or any line starting with a
.I space
or
.I tab
to be considered as the start of a new paragraph.
.
This command allows normally typed text to be
.I justified
without special commands.
.
It does not cause a paragraph if
.I blank lines
are followed by a command.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .NOAUTOPARAGRAPH
.TQ
.FONT CB .NAP
disengages the
.FONT CI AUTOPARAGRAPH
mode.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS List of Commands (Alphabetical)
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.if t \{
.ig endTBL
.\}
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Table using tbl for running in tty
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.nf
.nh
.
.TS
center,allbox,tab(@);
cIw(1.5i) sw(1.5i) cIw(1.5i).
Command or Abbreviation@Related Commands
=
.
.T&
l l l.
\f[CB].AP\f[R]@(=\f[CB].AUTOPARAGRAPH\f[R])@
\f[CB].APPENDIX\f[I] text \f[R]@(=\f[CB].AX\f[R])@\f[CB].NUMBER APPENDIX\f[I] a
\f[CB].AX\f[R]@(=\f[CB].APPENDIX\f[R])@
\f[CB].AUTOPARAGRAPH \f[R]@(=\f[CB].AP\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NOAUTOPARAGRAPH
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NAP\f[R])
T}
_
\f[CB].B\f[R]@(=\f[CB].BLANK\f[R])@
\f[CB].BLANK \f[I]n \f[R]@(=\f[CB].B\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].SKIP \f[I]n
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].S\f[R])
T}
\f[CB].BR\f[R]@(=\f[CB].BREAK\f[R])@
\f[CB].BREAK@\f[R](=\f[CB].BR\f[R])
_
\f[CB].C\f[R]@(=\f[CB].CENTRE\f[R])@
\f[CB].CENTER\f[R]@(=\f[CB].CENTRE\f[R])@
\f[CB].CENTRE \f[I]n\f[CB];\f[I]text \f[R]@(=\f[CB].C\f[R])@
\f[CB].CH\f[R]@(=\f[CB].CHAPTER\f[R])@
\f[CB].CHAPTER \f[I]text \f[R]@(=\f[CB].CH\f[R])@\f[CB].NUMBER CHAPTER \f[I]n
\f[CB].COMMENT \f[I]text\f[R]@@
_
\f[CB].DO INDEX \f[I]text \f[R]@(=\f[CB].DX\f[R])@T{
.
\f[CB].PRINT INDEX
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].PX\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].DX\f[R]@(=\f[CB].DO INDEX\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].ELS\f[R]@(=\f[CB].END LIST\f[R])@
\f[CB].EN\f[R]@(=\f[CB].END NOTE\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].END LIST\f[R]@(=\f[CB].ELS\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].LIST \f[I]n
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].LS\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].END LITERAL \f[R]@(=\f[CB].ELI\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].LITERAL
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].LIT\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].END NOTE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].EN\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NOTE \f[I]text
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NT\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].END SUBPAGE\f[R]@@\f[CB].SUBPAGE
_
\f[CB].F\f[R]@(=\f[CB].FILL\f[R])@
\f[CB].FG\f[R]@(=\f[CB].FIGURE\f[R])@
\f[CB].FIGURE n \f[R]@(=\f[CB].FG\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].FILL \f[R]@(=\f[CB].F\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NOFILL
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NF\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].FIRST TITLE \f[I]text\f[R]@(=\f[CB].FT\f[R])@\f[CB].TITLE \f[I]text
.
\f[CB].FLAGS CAPITALIZE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].FL CAPITALIZE\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NFL\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].FLAGS HYPHENATE \f[R]@(=\f[CB].FL HYPHENATE\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NO FLAGS HYPHENATE
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NFH\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].FN\f[R]@(=\f[CB].FOOTNOTE\f[R])@
\f[CB].FOOTNOTE \f[I]n\f[R]@(=\f[CB].FN\f[R])@
\f[CB].FT\f[R]@(=\f[CB].FIRST TITLE\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].HD\f[R]@(=\f[CB].HEADER\f[R])@
.
T{
\f[CB].HEADER \f[I]arg\f[R]
.br
\f[R]  [\f[I]arg\f[R]=\f[CB]UPPER\f[R], \f[CB]LOWER\f[R], or \f[CB]MIXED]\f[R]
T}@(=\f[CB].HD\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NOHEADER
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NHD\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].HEADER LEVEL \f[I]n text\f[R]@(=\f[CB].HL\f[R])@
\f[CB].HL\f[R]@(=\f[CB].HEADER LEVEL\f[R])@
\f[CB].HY\f[R]@(=\f[CB].HYPHENATION\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].HYPHENATION \f[R]@(=\f[CB].HY\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NO HYPHENATION
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NHY\f[R])
T}
.
_
\f[CB].I\f[R]@(=\f[CB].INDENT\f[R])@
\f[CB].INDENT \f[I]n\f[R]@(=\f[CB].I\f[R])@
\f[CB].INDEX \f[I]text \f[R]@(=\f[CB].X\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].J\f[R]@(=\f[CB].JUSTIFY\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].JUSTIFY \f[R](\f[CB].J\f[R])@@T{
\f[CB].NOJUSTIFY
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NJ\f[R])
T}
.
_
\f[CB].LC\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LOWER CASE\f[R])@
\f[CB].LE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LIST ELEMENT\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].LEFT MARGIN \f[I]n\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LM\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].RIGHT MARGIN \f[I]n
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].RM\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].LIST \f[I]n\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LS\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].END LIST
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].ELS\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].LIST ELEMENT;\f[I]text\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LE\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].END LIST
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].ELS\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].LIT\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LITERAL\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].LITERAL\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LIT\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].END LITERAL
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].ELI\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].LM\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LEFT MARGIN\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].LOWER CASE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LC\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].UPPER CASE
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].UC\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].LS\f[R]@(=\f[CB].LIST\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].NAP\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NOAUTOPARAGRAPH\f[R])@
\f[CB].NF\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NOFILL\f[R])@
\f[CB].NFC\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE\f[R])@
\f[CB].NFH\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NO FLAGS HYPHENATE\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].NFL\f[R]@T{
(=\f[CB].NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE
.br
.ce
\f[R] and
.br
\f[CB].NO FLAGS HYPHENATE\f[R])
T}@
.
\f[CB].NHD\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NO HEADER\f[R])@
\f[CB].NHY\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NO HYPHENATION\f[R])@
\f[CB].NJ\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NO JUSTIFY\f[R])@
\f[CB].NM\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NUMBER\f[R])@
\f[CB].NNM\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NO NUMBER\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].NOAUTOPARAGRAPH\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NAP\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].AUTOPARAGRAPH \f[R](\f[CB].AP\f[R])
.br
\f[CB]\ .PARAGRAPH \f[I]n,v,t \f[R](\f[CB].P\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NOFILL\f[R]@=(\f[CB].NF\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].FILL
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].F\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NFL\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].FLAGS CAPITALIZE
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].FL CAPITALIZE\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NO FLAGS HYPHENATE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NFH\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].FLAGS HYPHENATE
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].FL HYPHENATE\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NOHEADER\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NHD\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].HEADER \f[I]arg
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].HD\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NO HYPHENATION \f[R]@(=\f[CB].NHY\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].HYPHENATION
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].HY\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NOJUSTIFY \f[R]@(=\f[CB].NJ\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].JUSTIFY
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].J\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NONUMBER \f[R]@(=\f[CB].NNM\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NUMBER \f[I]n
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NM\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NOPERIOD \f[R]@(=\f[CB].NPR\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].PERIOD
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].PR\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NOTE text \f[R]@(=\f[CB].NT\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].END NOTE
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].EN\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].NPR\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NO PERIOD\f[R])@
\f[CB].NT\f[R]@(=\f[CB].NOTE\f[R])@
\f[CB].NUMBER APPENDIX \f[I]a\f[R]@@\f[CB].APPENDIX text
\f[CB].NUMBER CHAPTER \f[I]n\f[R]@@\f[CB].CHAPTER text
_
\f[CB].P\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PARAGRAPH\f[R])@
\f[CB].PAGE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PG\f[R])@
\f[CB].PAGE SIZE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PAPER SIZE\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].PAPER SIZE \f[I]v\f[CB],\f[I]h\f[R]@T{
(=\f[CB].PS\f[R]
.br
\f[CB].PAGE SIZE\f[R])
T}@
.
\f[CB].PARAGRAPH \f[I]h\f[CB],\f[I]v\f[CB],\f[I]t \f[R]@(=\f[CB].P\f[R])@
\f[CB].SKIP \f[I]n\f[R]@(=\f[CB].S\f[R])@\f[CB].BLANK \f[I]n \f[R](\f[CB].B\f[R])
\f[CB].SP\f[R]@(=\f[CB].SPACING\f[R])@
\f[CB].SPACING \f[I]n \f[R]@(=\f[CB].SP\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].PERIOD\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PR\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].NOPERIOD
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].NPR\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].PG\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PAGE\f[R])@
\f[CB].PITCH\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PIT\f[R])@

.\f[CB].PRINT INDEX \f[R]@(=\f[CB].PX\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].DO INDEX text
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].DX\f[R])
T}
.
\f[CB].PS\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PAPER SIZE\f[R])@
\f[CB].PX\f[R]@(=\f[CB].PRINT INDEX\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].RIGHT MARGIN \f[I]n \f[R]@(=\f[CB].RM\f[R])@
\f[CB].RM\f[R]@(=\f[CB].RIGHT MARGIN\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].S\f[R]@(=\f[CB].SKIP\f[R])@
\f[CB].SD\f[R]@(=\f[CB].STANDARD\f[R])@
\f[CB].ST\f[R]@(=\f[CB].SUBTITLE\f[R])@
\f[CB].SUBPAGE\f[R]@@\f[CB].END SUBPAGE
\f[CB].SUBTITLE \f[I]text \f[R]@(=\f[CB].ST\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].T\f[R]@(=\f[CB].TITLE\f[R])@
\f[CB].TAB STOPS \f[I]n,n, \*[Ellipsis] ,n \f[R]@(=\f[CB].TS\f[R])@
\f[CB].TEST PAGE \f[I]n \f[R]@(=\f[CB].TP\f[R])@
\f[CB].TITLE text\f[R]@(=\f[CB].T\f[R])@
\f[CB].TP\f[R]@(=\f[CB].TEST PAGE\f[R])@
\f[CB].TS\f[R]@(=\f[CB].TAB STOPS\f[R])@
_
\f[CB].UC\f[R]@(=\f[CB].UPPER CASE\f[R])@
.
\f[CB].UPPER CASE\f[R]@(=\f[CB].UC\f[R])@T{
\f[CB].LOWER CASE
.br
\f[R](\f[CB].LC\f[R])
T}
.
_
\f[CB].X\f[R]@(=\f[CB].INDEX\f[R])@
.
.TE
.
.hy
.fi
.
.
.\" End of tbl ----------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
.if t \{
.  endTBL
.\}
.
.
.\" use groff_hdtbl
.if t \{
.  mso hdtbl.tmac
.  TableHDTBL
.\}
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH EXPERIMENTAL ADDITIONS 1965
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
These
.I "control words"
are documented in
.FONT CI Saltzer R 's
documentation of 1965.
.
It is unsure whether they were really implemented.
.
.
.P
In this documentation, all
.I control words
are written in
.IR "lower case" .
.
The writing in
.I upper case
is not mentioned, the same is true for
.IR abbreviations .
.
So this documentation uses only
.IR "lower case" . 
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FIGURE
This
.I control word
turns control over to a 
.I figure
.IR processor ,
which creates in
.I core memory
a representation of a
.I flow diagram
under the control of a few special
.IR "control words" .
When the
.I control word
.FONT CB ".END FIGURE"
is encountered, the completed picture is printed immediately on the
page being generated if there is room on that page; otherwise the
.I figure
will appear at the top of the next page.
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
Text following the
.FONT CB ".END FIGURE"
.I control word
will be smoothly attached to text before the
.FONT CB .FIGURE R .
.
No break is generated.
.
(Restriction: If a
.I figure
is being held for placement at the top of the next page, another
.I figure
may not be encountered before the first one is printed.)
.
.
.P
The only
.I control words
which are recognized when in the
.I \%figure processor
are the following three:
.FONT CB .FRAME R ,
.FONT CB .BOX R ,
and
.FONT CB ".END FIGURE" R .
.
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FRAME I " m n"
This
.I control word
intitalizes the
.I figure  processor
by giving the height and width of the figure to be produced.
.
.I m
is
the height, in lines; and
.I n
is the width, in characters.
.
(Note that a 1050 types 6 lines per inch, and 10 characters per inch.)
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
Any attempt to place items in the picture which extend beyond the
boundaries will cause an error comment to be generated.
.
.I \%m
and
.I \%n
must both be less than 100 and their product must be smaller than
5400.
.
We may now think of the
.I figure
to be produced as an array of
.I m
times
.I n
elements.
.
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .BOX I " i j"
The text on the lines following this
.I control word
will be placed in the
.I figure
such that the first character on the first line following the
.FONT CB .BOX
will appear in row
.IR i ,
character position
-IR j .
.
The end of the text is indicated by a
.FONT CB .BOX
.I control word
for another piece of text or the
.FONT CB ".END FIGURE"
.I control
.IR word .
.
Temporarily, the text should not include underlined or overtyped
characters.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB ".END FIGURE"
This
.I control word
causes control to return to the regular
.I control processor
of the
.FONT CB RUNOFF
command, for the decision to print the picture.
.
Note that another
.FONT CB .FIGURE
.I control word
may not appear until after this
.I figure
has been printed.
.
.
.RS
.P
One further
.I control word
has been added which is intended to facilitate bringing out revised
editions of a memorandum.
.
.
.RE
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .FLAG
The next line to be printed after this
.I control word
is encountered will have an asterisk placed two spaces to the right of
the right margin, as illustrated.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .DEFINE I " symbol"
.
This
.I control word
defines  the  value  of  the  symbol
.I symbol
to be the number of the page currently being printed.
.
The symbol may be used later with the
.FONT CB .USE
.I control word
to cause printing of the page number in text.
.
The characters in the symbol must be mappable into the six\-bit
character set, and all symbols must be six of fewer characters.
.
.
.TP
.FONT CB .USE I " symbol"
The value of the symbol
.I symbol
is inserted into the text with a single blank preceding and no blank
following.
.
If the symbol has not been previously defined, its value is
.FONT CB 0 R .
Text may continue following a blank typed after the symbol.
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
Here is an example of the use of these
.I control
.IR words .
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
In one area of text:
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
We now discuss the operation of the typewriter
.FONT CB ".DEFINE REF1"
coordinator module, which \*[Ellipsis]
.
.
.RE
.
.
.P
In a later area of text:
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
As we saw in the discussion of the typewriter coordinator on page
.FONT CB ".USE REF1" R ,
the rest of \*[Ellipsis]
.
.
.RE
.
.
.P
if the first area of text were on page 14, the later line would read:
.
.
.RS
.
.
.P
As we saw in the discussion of the typewriter coordinator on page 14,
the rest of \*[Ellipsis]
.
.
.RE
.RE
.RE
-
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Further Study of Experimental Additions
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
A number of suggestions have been made for extending the
.I control word
language of
.FONT CI RUNOFF R ,
and its capabilities.
.
These are listed here, primarily to elicit comment and discussion,
both on the language which describes these operations and the less
important problem of their implementation.
-
.
.TP
1.
.
Word division.
.
This is a whole are of study in itself.
.
.
.TP
2.
.
Automatic  footnote  insertion.
.
This was handled somewhat awkwardly in the
.FONT CB DITTO
.IR command ,
although the basic approach was probably reasonable.
.
.
.TP
3.
.
Automatic page references, perhaps via some symbolic reference scheme.
.
This would enable the page number in "as was described on page 32" to
be inserted by the program.
.
The analogy with an assembly program should be hotly pursued for
ideas.
.
.
.TP
4.
.
Special provision for printing facing pages.
.
This would require alternate running heads, placing page numbers
alternately at right and left, and matching line counts on facing
pages.
.
.
.TP
5.
.
Improved page\-division rules, to prevent the last line of a paragraph
appearing alone at the top of a page, for example.
.
At present, copy must be run off to check by hand that awkward page
divisions have not been made.
.
.
.TP
6.
.
Automatic generation of page numbers for a table of contents.
.
Again, the analogy of an assembly program symbol table appears
fruitful.
.
.
.TP
7.
.
Automatic generations of an index.
.
The problem here is obtaining too many references to a given word,
many irrelevant.
.
.
.TP
8.
.
Arrangement of tabulated data.
.
This problem may have already been partly approached with the
above\-described figure generator, or the facilities already available
in
.IR RUNOFF ,
but automatic setup of column widths and positions would be desirable.
.
One could include in this category the ability to call on other
programs to computer numbers to place in tables, although this is
going pretty far afield.
.
.
.TP
9.
.
Placing figures in a
.I "cut"
or
.IR inset .
.
The control language is the most difficult problem here.
.
.
.TP
10.
.
Equation typing and  numbering.
.
Again, the control language appears formidable.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH MANUSCRIPT CONVENTIONS
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Initially,
.FONT CI RUNOFF
is set to
.I FILL
mode, such as by using
.FONT CB .FILL R .
.
The filling is identical to
.FONT CI groff R 's
filling mode:
.
Text lines will normally be adjuted by inserting extra spaces in
mid\-line so that the end of the line is on the right margin.
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
.PP
.\" BR RUNOFF (@MAN1EXT@),
.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@),
.BR groff (@MAN7EXT@),
.BR roff (@MAN7EXT@),
.BR groff_filenames (@MAN7EXT@)
.
.
.TP
Jerome H. Saltzer 1964:
.nh
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer \[em] TYPSET and RUNOFF, Memorandum editor and \
type\-out commands"
.hy
available at
.UR \%http://\:mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:CC\-244.html
.UE
.
.
.TP
Jerome H. Saltzer 1965:
.nh
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer \(em Experimental Additions to the RUNOFF Command"
available at
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:afs/\:athena.mit.edu/\:user/\:other/\
\:a/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:PSN\-40.html
.UE
.hy
.
.
.TP
Jerome H. Saltzer 1966:
.nh
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer \[em] Manuscript Typing and Editing"
.hy
which is available in the internet at
.UR http://\:mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:AH.9.01.html
.I MIT html
.UE
or
.UR \%http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:ctss\/\:AH.9.01.html
.I CTTS html
.UE
or
.UR \%http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:ctss/\:AH.9.01.pdf
.I CTTS pdf
.UE .
.
.
.TP
Larry Barnes 1973:
.FONT CI "Larry Barnes \[em] RUNOFF: A Program for the Preparation of Documents"
available as
.UR http://\:www.textfiles.com/\:bitsavers/\:pdf/\:sds/\:9xx/\:940/\
\:ucbProjectGenie/\:mcjones/\:R\-37_RUNOFF.pdf
.I pdf
.UE .
.
.
.TP
.FONT CR PDP\-11 R " 1981:"
This is the latest documentation on
.FONT CI RUNOFF
available as
.UR http://\:malarky.udel.edu/\:~dmills/\:data/\:du0/\:RUNOFF.DOC
text file.
.UE .
.
More exactly, this
.FONT .CB .DOC
file is an output file produced by the
.FONT CB RUNOFF
program a long time ago.
.
This extension doesn't work on actual systems who expect a Microsoft
office file.
.
You have to rename this file by appending the
.FONT CB .txt
extension.
.
Then the file can be viewed by
.FONT CB more
or
.FONT CB less R .
.
.
.P
.nh
.UR http://\:www.cozx.com/\:~dpitts/\:ibm7090.html 
Emulator for
.FONT CR "IBM 7090 CTSS"
.UE .
.hy
.
.
.P
The home page of
.FONT CI "Jerome H. Saltzer"
is
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/
.UE .
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SS Available RUNOFF Text Files
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
You can still find text files in the
.FONT CI RUNOFF
language.
.
.
.P
In the
.nh
.UR http://\:www.columbia.edu/\:kermit/\:pdp10.html
Kermit website
.UE
you find 3 files in
.FONT CI RUNOFF
language maybe of the
.FONT CR Multics
era or later:
.
.Topic
.UR ftp://\:kermit.columbia.edu/\:kermit/\:d/\:k10133.rno
.FONT CR k10133.rno
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR ftp://\:kermit.columbia.edu/\:kermit/\:d/\:k10mit.rnh
.FONT CR k10mit.rnh
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR ftp://\:kermit.columbia.edu/\:kermit/\:d/\:k10v3.rno
.FONT CR k10v3.rno
.UE
.hy
.
.
.P
At
.nh
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:pubs.html
.FONT CR Saltzer R 's
publication website
.UE
you find files in
.FONT CI RUNOFF
of the
.FONT CR Multics
era.
.hy
.
Search there for
.nh
.FONT CR runoff
and you will find the following 5 files:
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:whyring/\:whyring.run
.FONT CR whyring.run
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:starring/\:starring.run
.FONT CR starring.run
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:tmring.run
.FONT CR tmring.run
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:florence.run
.FONT CR "RFC1498 florence.run"
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:sourcerouting/\:zurich.run
.FONT CR zurich.run
.UE
.hy
.
.
.P
Most
.nh
.FONT CI RUNOFF
files are found in the
.UR http://\:pdp-10.trailing-edge.com/\:cgi-bin/
.FONT CR "DEC PDP\-10 archive"
.UE .
.
Many files are very old as they are written in
.I upper case
only:
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:pdp-10.trailing-edge.com/\:cgi-bin/\:searchbyname?name=*.rno
normal documents
.FONT CB *.rno
in
.FONT CI RUNOFF
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:pdp-10.trailing-edge.com/\:cgi-bin/\:searchbyname?name=*.rnh
.FONT CB *.rnh
help files in
.FONT CI RUNOFF
.UE
.
.Topic
.UR http://\:pdp-10.trailing-edge.com/\:cgi-bin/\:searchbyname?name=runoff.*
.FONT CB runoff.*
documents about
.FONT CI RUNOFF
.UE
.hy
.
.
.SH "AUTHORS"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.authors
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "COPYING"
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.copying
.
.
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.\" Emacs settings
.\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.\" Local Variables:
.\" mode: nroff
.\" End: