Hadrian: implement key-value settings for builder options

They take the general form `foo.bar.baz [+]= some values`, where
`=` completely overrides the arguments for a builder and `+=` extends
them. We currenly only support settings for updating the GHC and C
compiler options, of the form:

```
  {stage0, ..., stage3 or *}.{package name or *}
                            .ghc.{c, hs, link, deps, toolargs or *}.opts

  {stage0, ..., stage3 or *}.{package name or *}
                            .cc.{c, deps or *}.opts
```

The supported settings and their use is covered in the new section
of `hadrian/doc/user-settings.md`, while the implementation is explained
in a new Note [Hadrian settings].

Most of the logic is implemented in a new module, `Settings.Parser`, which
contains key-value assignment/extension parsers as well as utilities for
specifying allowed settings at a high-level, generating a `Predicate` from
such a description or generating the list of possible completions for a given
string.

The additions to the `Settings` module make use of this to describe the
settings that Hadrian currently supports, and apply all such
key-value settings (from the command line and `<root>/hadrian.settings`)
to the flavour that Hadrian is going to proceed with.

This new setting system comes with support for generating Bash completions,
implemented in `hadrian/completion.sh` and Hadrian's `autocomplete` target:

> source hadrian/completion.sh
> hadrian/build.sh stage1.base.ghc.<TAB>
stage1.base.ghc.c.opts     stage1.base.ghc.hs.opts
stage1.base.ghc.*.opts     stage1.base.ghc.deps.opts
stage1.base.ghc.link.opts  stage1.base.ghc.toolargs.opts

1 files changed, 7 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/hadrian/completion.sh b/hadrian/completion.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..589fdf5795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hadrian/completion.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+hadrian=$(cd hadrian; cabal new-exec which hadrian; cd ..)
+all_settings=$($hadrian autocomplete --complete-setting="$@" --quiet)
+
+complete -W "$all_settings" hadrian/build.sh
+complete -W "$all_settings" hadrian/build.cabal.sh