path: root/man/keyctl.1

.\"
.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
.\" Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
.\"
.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
.\" as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
.\" 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.TH KEYCTL 1 "20 Feb 2014" Linux "Linux Key Management Utilities"
.SH NAME
keyctl \- key management facility control
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBkeyctl\fR \-\-version
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR supports [<cap> | --raw]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR id [<keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR show [\-x] [<keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR add [\-x] <type> <desc> <data> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR padd [\-x] <type> <desc> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR request <type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR request2 <type> <desc> <info> [<dest_keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR prequest2 <type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR update [\-x] <key> <data>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pupdate [\-x] <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR newring <name> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR revoke <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR clear <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR link <key> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR unlink <key> [<keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR move [-f] <key> <from_keyring> <to_keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR search <keyring> <type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR restrict_keyring <keyring> [<type> [<restriction>]]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR read <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pipe <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR print <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR list <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR rlist <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR describe <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR rdescribe <keyring> [sep]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR chown <key> <uid>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR chgrp <key> <gid>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR setperm <key> <mask>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR new_session [<name>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR session
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR session \- [<prog> <arg1> <arg2> ...]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR session <name> [<prog> <arg1> <arg2> ...]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR instantiate [\-x] <key> <data> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pinstantiate [\-x] <key> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR negate <key> <timeout> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR reject <key> <timeout> <error> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR timeout <key> <timeout>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR security <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR reap [\-v]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR purge <type>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR purge [\-i] [\-p] <type> <desc>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR purge \-s <type> <desc>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR get_persistent <keyring> [<uid>]
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR dh_compute <private> <prime> <base>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR dh_compute_kdf <private> <prime> <base> <output_length> <hash_type>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR dh_compute_kdf_oi [\-x] <private> <prime> <base> <output_length> <hash_type>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_query <key> <pass> [k=v]*
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_encrypt <key> <pass> <datafile> [k=v]* ><encfile>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_decrypt <key> <pass> <encfile> [k=v]* ><datafile>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_sign <key> <pass> <datafile> [k=v]* ><sigfile>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_decrypt <key> <pass> <datafile> <sigfile> [k=v]*
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR watch [\-f<filters>] <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR watch_add <fd> <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR watch_rm <fd> <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR watch_session [\-f <filters>] [-n <name>] \\
                <notifylog> <gclog> <fd> <prog> [<arg1> <arg2> ...]
.SH DESCRIPTION
This program is used to control the key management facility in various ways
using a variety of subcommands.
.SH KEY IDENTIFIERS
The key identifiers passed to or returned from keyctl are, in general, positive
integers. There are, however, some special values with special meanings that
can be passed as arguments:
.TP
No key: \fB0\fR
.TP
Thread keyring: \fB@t\fR or \fB\-1\fR
Each thread may have its own keyring. This is searched first, before all
others. The thread keyring is replaced by (v)fork, exec and clone.
.TP
Process keyring: \fB@p\fR or \fB\-2\fR
Each process (thread group) may have its own keyring. This is shared between
all members of a group and will be searched after the thread keyring. The
process keyring is replaced by (v)fork and exec.
.TP
Session keyring: \fB@s\fR or \fB\-3\fR
Each process subscribes to a session keyring that is inherited across (v)fork,
exec and clone. This is searched after the process keyring. Session keyrings
can be named and an extant keyring can be joined in place of a process's
current session keyring.
.TP
User specific keyring: \fB@u\fR or \fB\-4\fR
This keyring is shared between all the processes owned by a particular user. It
isn't searched directly, but is normally linked to from the session keyring.
.TP
User default session keyring: \fB@us\fR or \fB\-5\fR
This is the default session keyring for a particular user. Login processes that
change to a particular user will bind to this session until another session is
set.
.TP
Group specific keyring: \fB@g\fR or \fB\-6\fR
This is a place holder for a group specific keyring, but is not actually
implemented yet in the kernel.
.TP
Assumed request_key authorisation key: \fB@a\fR or \fB\-7\fR
This selects the authorisation key provided to the
.BR request_key ()
helper to
permit it to access the callers keyrings and instantiate the target key.
.TP
Keyring by name: \fB%:<name>\fR
A named keyring.  This will be searched for in the process's keyrings and in
.IR /proc/keys .
.TP
Key by name: \fB%<type>:<name>\fR
A named key of the given type.  This will be searched for in the process's
keyrings and in
.IR /proc/keys .
.SH COMMAND SYNTAX
Any non-ambiguous shortening of a command name may be used in lieu of the full
command name. This facility should not be used in scripting as new commands may
be added in future that then cause ambiguity.
.SS Display the package version number
\fBkeyctl \-\-version\fR

This command prints the package version number and build date and exits:

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl \-\-version
keyctl from keyutils\-1.5.3 (Built 2011\-08\-24)
.fi
.RE
.SS Query subsystem capabilities
.nf
\fBkeyctl\fR supports
\fBkeyctl\fR supports --raw
\fBkeyctl\fR supports <cap>
.fi
.P
This command can list the available capabilities:
.P
.RS
.nf
$ keyctl supports
have_capabilities=0
have_persistent_keyrings=1
have_dh_compute=1
have_public_key=1
...
.fi
.RE
.P
produce a raw hex dump of the capabilities list:
.P
.RS
.nf
$ keyctl supports --raw
ff0f
.fi
.RE
.P
or query a specific capability:

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl supports pkey
echo $?
0
.fi
.RE

which exits 0 if the capability is supported, 1 if it isn't and 3 if the name
is not recognised.  The capabilities supported are:
.TP
.B capabilities
The kernel supports capability querying.  If not, the other capabilities will
be queried as best libkeyutils can manage.
.TP
.B persistent_keyrings
The kernel supports persistent keyrings.
.TP
.B dh_compute
The kernel supports Diffie-Hellman computation operations.
.TP
.B public_key
The kernel supports public key operations.
.TP
.B big_key_type
The kernel supports the big_key key type.
.TP
.B key_invalidate
The kernel supports the invalidate key operaiton.
.TP
.B restrict_keyring
The kernel supports the restrict_keyring operation.
.TP
.B move_key
The kernel supports the move key operation.
.TP
.B ns_keyring_name
Keyring names are segregated according to the user-namespace in which the
keyrings are created.
.TP
.B ns_key_tag
Keys can get tagged with namespace tags, allowing keys with the same type and
description, but different namespaces to coexist in the same keyring.  Tagging
is done automatically according to the key type.

.SS Show actual key or keyring ID
\fBkeyctl id [<key>]\fR

This command looks up the real ID of a key or keyring from the identifier
given, which is typically a symbolic ID such as "@s" indicating the session
keyring, but can also be a numeric ID or "%type:desc" notation.  If a special
keyring is specified that isn't created yet, an error will be given rather than
causing that keyring to be created.

.SS Show process keyrings
\fBkeyctl show [\-x] [<keyring>]\fR

By default this command recursively shows what keyrings a process is subscribed
to and what keys and keyrings they contain.  If a keyring is specified then
that keyring will be dumped instead.  If \fB\-x\fR is specified then the keyring
IDs will be dumped in hex instead of decimal.
.SS Add a key to a keyring
\fBkeyctl add\fR [\-x] <type> <desc> <data> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl padd\fR [\-x] <type> <desc> <keyring>

This command creates a key of the specified type and description; instantiates
it with the given data and attaches it to the specified keyring. It then prints
the new key's ID on stdout:

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl add user mykey stuff @u
26
.fi
.RE

The \fBpadd\fR variant of the command reads the data from stdin rather than
taking it from the command line:

.RS
.fi
$ echo \-n stuff | keyctl padd user mykey @u
26
.fi
.RE

If \fB\-x\fR is given, then the data is hex-decoded with whitespace being
discarded.

.SS Request a key
\fBkeyctl request\fR <type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl request2\fR <type> <desc> <info> [<dest_keyring>]
.br
\fBkeyctl prequest2\fR <type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]

These three commands request the lookup of a key of the given type and
description. The process's keyrings will be searched, and if a match is found
the matching key's ID will be printed to stdout; and if a destination keyring
is given, the key will be added to that keyring also.

If there is no key, the first command will simply return the error ENOKEY and
fail. The second and third commands will create a partial key with the type and
description, and call out to
.IR /sbin/request\-key
with that key and the
extra information supplied. This will then attempt to instantiate the key in
some manner, such that a valid key is obtained.

The third command is like the second, except that the callout information is
read from stdin rather than being passed on the command line.

If a valid key is obtained, the ID will be printed and the key attached as if
the original search had succeeded.

If there wasn't a valid key obtained, a temporary negative key will be attached
to the destination keyring if given and the error "Requested key not available"
will be given.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl request2 user debug:hello wibble
23
$ echo \-n wibble | keyctl prequest2 user debug:hello
23
$ keyctl request user debug:hello
23
.fi
.RE
.SS Update a key
\fBkeyctl update\fR [\-x] <key> <data>
.br
\fBkeyctl pupdate\fR [\-x] <key>

This command replaces the data attached to a key with a new set of data. If the
type of the key doesn't support update then error "Operation not supported"
will be returned.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl update 23 zebra
.fi
.RE

The \fBpupdate\fR variant of the command reads the data from stdin rather than
taking it from the command line:

.RS
.nf
$ echo \-n zebra | keyctl pupdate 23
$ echo 616263313233 | keyctl pupdate -x 23
.fi
.RE

If \fB\-x\fR is given, then the data is hex-decoded with whitespace being
discarded.

.SS Create a keyring
\fBkeyctl newring\fR <name> <keyring>

This command creates a new keyring of the specified name and attaches it to the
specified keyring. The ID of the new keyring will be printed to stdout if
successful.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl newring squelch @us
27
.fi
.RE
.SS Revoke a key
\fBkeyctl revoke\fR <key>

This command marks a key as being revoked. Any further operations on that key
(apart from unlinking it) will return error "Key has been revoked".

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl revoke 26
$ keyctl describe 26
keyctl_describe: Key has been revoked
.fi
.RE
.SS Clear a keyring
\fBkeyctl clear\fR <keyring>

This command unlinks all the keys attached to the specified keyring. Error
"Not a directory" will be returned if the key specified is not a keyring.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl clear 27
.fi
.RE
.SS Link a key to a keyring
\fBkeyctl link\fR <key> <keyring>

This command makes a link from the key to the keyring if there's enough
capacity to do so. Error "Not a directory" will be returned if the destination
is not a keyring. Error "Permission denied" will be returned if the key doesn't
have link permission or the keyring doesn't have write permission. Error "File
table overflow" will be returned if the keyring is full. Error "Resource
deadlock avoided" will be returned if an attempt was made to introduce a
recursive link.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl link 23 27
$ keyctl link 27 27
keyctl_link: Resource deadlock avoided
.fi
.RE
.SS Unlink a key from a keyring or the session keyring tree
\fBkeyctl unlink\fR <key> [<keyring>]

If the keyring is specified, this command removes a link to the key from the
keyring. Error "Not a directory" will be returned if the destination is not a
keyring. Error "Permission denied" will be returned if the keyring doesn't have
write permission. Error "No such file or directory" will be returned if the key
is not linked to by the keyring.

If the keyring is not specified, this command performs a depth-first search of
the session keyring tree and removes all the links to the nominated key that it
finds (and that it is permitted to remove).  It prints the number of successful
unlinks before exiting.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl unlink 23 27
.fi
.RE
.SS Move a key between keyrings.
\fBkeyctl move\fR  [-f] <key> <from_keyring> <to_keyring>

This command moves a key from one keyring to another, atomically combining
"keyctl unlink <key> <from_keyring>" and "keyctl link <key> <to_keyring>".

If the "-f" flag is present, any matching key will be displaced from
"to_keyring"; if not present, the command will fail with the error message
"File exists" if the key would otherwise displace another key from
"to_keyring".

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl move 23 27 29
$ keyctl move -f 71 @u @s
.fi
.RE
.SS Search a keyring
\fBkeyctl search\fR <keyring> <type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]

This command non-recursively searches a keyring for a key of a particular type
and description. If found, the ID of the key will be printed on stdout and the
key will be attached to the destination keyring if present. Error "Requested
key not available" will be returned if the key is not found.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl search @us user debug:hello
23
$ keyctl search @us user debug:bye
keyctl_search: Requested key not available
.fi
.RE
.SS Restrict a keyring
\fBkeyctl restrict_keyring\fR <keyring> [<type> [<restriction>]]

This command limits the linkage of keys to the given keyring using a provided
restriction scheme. The scheme is associated with a given key type, with
further details provided in the restriction option string.  Options typically
contain a restriction name possibly followed by key ids or other data relevant
to the restriction. If no restriction scheme is provided, the keyring will
reject all links.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl restrict_keyring $1 asymmetric builtin_trusted
.RE
.SS Read a key
\fBkeyctl read\fR <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl pipe\fR <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl print\fR <key>

These commands read the payload of a key. "read" prints it on stdout as a hex
dump, "pipe" dumps the raw data to stdout and "print" dumps it to stdout
directly if it's entirely printable or as a hexdump preceded by ":hex:" if not.

If the key type does not support reading of the payload, then error "Operation
not supported" will be returned.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl read 26
1 bytes of data in key:
62
$ keyctl print 26
b
$ keyctl pipe 26
$
.fi
.RE
.SS List a keyring
\fBkeyctl list\fR <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl rlist\fR <keyring>

These commands list the contents of a key as a keyring. "list" pretty prints
the contents and "rlist" just produces a space-separated list of key IDs.

No attempt is made to check that the specified keyring is a keyring.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl list @us
2 keys in keyring:
       22: vrwsl\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-  4043    \-1 keyring: _uid.4043
       23: vrwsl\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-  4043  4043 user: debug:hello
$ keyctl rlist @us
22 23
.fi
.RE
.SS Describe a key
\fBkeyctl describe\fR <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl rdescribe\fR <keyring> [sep]

These commands fetch a description of a keyring. "describe" pretty prints the
description in the same fashion as the "list" command; "rdescribe" prints the
raw data returned from the kernel.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl describe @us
       \-5: vrwsl\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-  4043    \-1 keyring: _uid_ses.4043
$ keyctl rdescribe @us
keyring;4043;\-1;3f1f0000;_uid_ses.4043
.fi
.RE

The raw string is "<type>;<uid>;<gid>;<perms>;<description>", where \fIuid\fR
and \fIgid\fR are the decimal user and group IDs, \fIperms\fR is the
permissions mask in hex, \fItype\fR and \fIdescription\fR are the type name and
description strings (neither of which will contain semicolons).
.SS Change the access controls on a key
\fBkeyctl chown\fR <key> <uid>
.br
\fBkeyctl chgrp\fR <key> <gid>

These two commands change the UID and GID associated with evaluating a key's
permissions mask. The UID also governs which quota a key is taken out of.

The chown command is not currently supported; attempting it will earn the error
"Operation not supported" at best.

For non-superuser users, the GID may only be set to the process's GID or a GID
in the process's groups list. The superuser may set any GID it likes.

.RS
.nf
$ sudo keyctl chown 27 0
keyctl_chown: Operation not supported
$ sudo keyctl chgrp 27 0
.fi
.RE
.SS Set the permissions mask on a key
\fBkeyctl setperm\fR <key> <mask>

This command changes the permission control mask on a key. The mask may be
specified as a hex number if it begins "0x", an octal number if it begins "0"
or a decimal number otherwise.

The hex numbers are a combination of:

.RS
.nf
Possessor UID       GID       Other     Permission Granted
========  ========  ========  ========  ==================
01000000  00010000  00000100  00000001  View
02000000  00020000  00000200  00000002  Read
04000000  00040000  00000400  00000004  Write
08000000  00080000  00000800  00000008  Search
10000000  00100000  00001000  00000010  Link
20000000  00200000  00002000  00000020  Set Attribute
3f000000  003f0000  00003f00  0000003f  All
.fi
.RE

\fIView\fR permits the type, description and other parameters of a key to be
viewed.

\fIRead\fR permits the payload (or keyring list) to be read if supported by the
type.

\fIWrite\fR permits the payload (or keyring list) to be modified or updated.

\fISearch\fR on a key permits it to be found when a keyring to which it is
linked is searched.

\fILink\fR permits a key to be linked to a keyring.

\fISet Attribute\fR permits a key to have its owner, group membership,
permissions mask and timeout changed.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl setperm 27 0x1f1f1f00
.fi
.RE
.SS Start a new session with fresh keyrings
\fBkeyctl session\fR
.br
\fBkeyctl session\fR \- [<prog> <arg1> <arg2> ...]
.br
\fBkeyctl session\fR <name> [<prog> <arg1> <arg2> ...]

These commands join or create a new keyring and then run a shell or other
program with that keyring as the session key.

The variation with no arguments just creates an anonymous session keyring and
attaches that as the session keyring; it then exec's $SHELL.

The variation with a dash in place of a name creates an anonymous session
keyring and attaches that as the session keyring; it then exec's the supplied
command, or $SHELL if one isn't supplied.

The variation with a name supplied creates or joins the named keyring and
attaches that as the session keyring; it then exec's the supplied command, or
$SHELL if one isn't supplied.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl rdescribe @s
keyring;4043;\-1;3f1f0000;_uid_ses.4043

$ keyctl session
Joined session keyring: 28

$ keyctl rdescribe @s
keyring;4043;4043;3f1f0000;_ses.24082

$ keyctl session \-
Joined session keyring: 29
$ keyctl rdescribe @s
keyring;4043;4043;3f1f0000;_ses.24139

$ keyctl session \- keyctl rdescribe @s
Joined session keyring: 30
keyring;4043;4043;3f1f0000;_ses.24185

$ keyctl session fish
Joined session keyring: 34
$ keyctl rdescribe @s
keyring;4043;4043;3f1f0000;fish

$ keyctl session fish keyctl rdesc @s
Joined session keyring: 35
keyring;4043;4043;3f1f0000;fish
.fi
.RE
.SS Instantiate a key
\fBkeyctl instantiate\fR [\-x] <key> <data> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl pinstantiate\fR [\-x] <key> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl negate\fR <key> <timeout> <keyring>
.br
\fBkeyctl reject\fR <key> <timeout> <error> <keyring>

These commands are used to attach data to a partially set up key (as created by
the kernel and passed to
.IR /sbin/request\-key ).
"instantiate" marks a key as
being valid and attaches the data as the payload.  "negate" and "reject" mark a
key as invalid and sets a timeout on it so that it'll go away after a while.
This prevents a lot of quickly sequential requests from slowing the system down
overmuch when they all fail, as all subsequent requests will then fail with
error "Requested key not found" (if negated) or the specified error (if
rejected) until the negative key has expired.

Reject's error argument can either be a UNIX error number or one of
.BR "" "'" rejected "', '" expired "' or '" revoked "'."

The newly instantiated key will be attached to the specified keyring.

These commands may only be run from the program run by request\-key - a special
authorisation key is set up by the kernel and attached to the request\-key's
session keyring. This special key is revoked once the key to which it refers
has been instantiated one way or another.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl instantiate $1 "Debug $3" $4
$ keyctl negate $1 30 $4
$ keyctl reject $1 30 64 $4
.fi
.RE

The \fBpinstantiate\fR variant of the command reads the data from stdin rather
than taking it from the command line:

.RS
.nf
$ echo \-n "Debug $3" | keyctl pinstantiate $1 $4
.fi
.RE

If \fB\-x\fR is given, then the data is hex-decoded with whitespace being
discarded:

.RS
.nf
$ echo 01 02 03 04 | keyctl pinstantiate -x $1 $4
.fi
.RE

.SS Set the expiry time on a key
\fBkeyctl timeout\fR <key> <timeout>

This command is used to set the timeout on a key, or clear an existing timeout
if the value specified is zero. The timeout is given as a number of seconds
into the future.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl timeout $1 45
.fi
.RE
.SS Retrieve a key's security context
\fBkeyctl security\fR <key>

This command is used to retrieve a key's LSM security context.  The label is
printed on stdout.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl security @s
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0\-s0:c0.c1023
.fi
.RE
.SS Give the parent process a new session keyring
\fBkeyctl new_session [<name>]\fR

This command is used to give the invoking process (typically a shell) a new
session keyring, discarding its old session keyring.  If a name is given, the
keyring is given that name, otherwise it will be given a name of "_ses" and
will not be manually joinable.

.RS
.nf
$  keyctl session foo
Joined session keyring: 723488146
$  keyctl show
Session Keyring
       \-3 \-\-alswrv      0     0  keyring: foo
$  keyctl new_session
490511412
$  keyctl show
Session Keyring
       \-3 \-\-alswrv      0     0  keyring: _ses
.fi
.RE

Note that this affects the \fIparent\fP of the process that invokes the system
call, and so may only affect processes with matching credentials.
Furthermore, the change does not take effect till the parent process next
transitions from kernel space to user space - typically when the \fBwait\fP()
system call returns.

.SS Remove dead keys from the session keyring tree
\fBkeyctl reap\fR

This command performs a depth-first search of the caller's session keyring tree
and attempts to unlink any key that it finds that is inaccessible due to
expiry, revocation, rejection or negation.  It does not attempt to remove live
keys that are unavailable simply due to a lack of granted permission.

A key that is designated reapable will only be removed from a keyring if the
caller has Write permission on that keyring, and only keyrings that grant
Search permission to the caller will be searched.

The command prints the number of keys reaped before it exits.  If the \fB\-v\fR
flag is passed then the reaped keys are listed as they're being reaped,
together with the success or failure of the unlink.
.SS Remove matching keys from the session keyring tree
\fBkeyctl\fR purge <type>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR purge [\-i] [\-p] <type> <desc>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR purge \-s <type> <desc>

These commands perform a depth-first search to find matching keys in the
caller's session keyring tree and attempts to unlink them.  The number of
keys successfully unlinked is printed at the end.

The keyrings must grant Read and View permission to the caller to be searched,
and the keys to be removed must also grant View permission.  Keys can only be
removed from keyrings that grant Write permission.

The first variant purges all keys of the specified type.

The second variant purges all keys of the specified type that also match the
given description literally.  The \-i flag allows a case-independent match and
the \-p flag allows a prefix match.

The third variant purges all keys of the specified type and matching
description using the key type's comparator in the kernel to match the
description.  This permits the key type to match a key with a variety of
descriptions.
.SS Get persistent keyring
\fBkeyctl\fR get_persistent <keyring> [<uid>]

This command gets the persistent keyring for either the current UID or the
specified UID and attaches it to the nominated keyring.  The persistent
keyring's ID will be printed on stdout.

The kernel will create the keyring if it doesn't exist and every time this
command is called, will reset the expiration timeout on the keyring to the
value in:
.IP
/proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry
.P
(by default three days).  Should the timeout be reached, the persistent keyring
will be removed and everything it pins can then be garbage collected.

If a UID other than the process's real or effective UIDs is specified, then an
error will be given if the process does not have the CAP_SETUID capability.
.SS Compute a Diffie-Hellman shared secret or public key
\fBkeyctl\fR dh_compute <private> <prime> <base>

This command computes either a Diffie-Hellman shared secret or the
public key corresponding to the provided private key using the
payloads of three keys. The computation is:
.IP
base ^ private (mod prime)
.P
The three inputs must be user keys with read permission. If the
provided base key contains the shared generator value, the public key
will be computed.  If the provided base key contains the remote public
key value, the shared secret will be computed.

The result is printed to stdout as a hex dump.

.RS
.nf
$ keyctl dh_compute $1 $2 $3
8 bytes of data in result:
00010203 04050607
.fi
.RE

.SS Compute a Diffie-Hellman shared secret and derive key material
\fBkeyctl\fR dh_compute_kdf <private> <prime> <base> <output_length> <hash_type>

This command computes a Diffie-Hellman shared secret and derives
key material from the shared secret using a key derivation function (KDF).
The shared secret is derived as outlined above and is input to the KDF
using the specified hash type. The hash type must point to a hash name
known to the kernel crypto API.

The operation derives key material of the length specified by the caller.

The operation is compliant to the specification of SP800-56A.

The result is printed to stdout as hex dump.
.SS Compute a Diffie-Hellman shared secret and apply KDF with other input
\fBkeyctl\fR dh_compute_kdf_oi [\-x] <private> <prime> <base> <output_length> <hash_type>

This command is identical to the command
.IR dh_compute_kdf
to generate a Diffie-Hellman shared secret followed by a key derivation
operation. This command allows the caller to provide the other input data
(OI data) compliant to SP800-56A via stdin.

If \fB\-x\fR is given, then the data passed to stdin is hex-decoded with
whitespace being discarded.

.SS Perform public-key operations with an asymmetric key
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_query <key> <pass> [k=v]*
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_encrypt <key> <pass> <datafile> [k=v]* > <encfile>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_decrypt <key> <pass> <encfile> [k=v]* > <datafile>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_sign <key> <pass> <datafile> [k=v]* > <sigfile>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR pkey_verify <key> <pass> <datafile> <sigfile> [k=v]*
.PP
These commands query an asymmetric key, encrypt data with it, decrypt the
encrypted data, generate a signature over some data and verify that signature.
For encrypt, decrypt and sign, the resulting data is written to stdout; verify
reads the data and the signature files and compares them.
.PP
[\fB!\fP] NOTE that the data is of very limited capacity, with no more bits
than the size of the key.  For signatures, the caller is expected to digest
the actual data and pass in the result of the digest as the datafile.  The
name of the digest should be specified on the end of the command line as
"hash=<name>".
.PP
The
.I key
ID indicates the key to use;
.I pass
is a placeholder for future password provision and should be "0" for the
moment;
.I datafile
is the unencrypted data to be encrypted, signed or to have its signature
checked;
.I encfile
is a file containing encrypted data; and
.I sigfile
is a file containing a signature.
.PP
A list of parameters in "key[=val]" form can be included on the end of the
command line.  These specify things like the digest algorithm used
("hash=<name>") or the encoding form ("enc=<type>").
.PP
.RS
.nf
k=`keyctl padd asymmetric "" @s <key.pkcs8.der`
keyctl pkey_query $k 0 enc=pkcs1 hash=sha256
keyctl pkey_encrypt $k 0 foo.hash enc=pkcs1 >foo.enc
keyctl pkey_decrypt $k 0 foo.enc enc=pkcs1 >foo.hash
keyctl pkey_sign $k 0 foo.hash enc=pkcs1 hash=sha256 >foo.sig
keyctl pkey_verify $k 0 foo.hash foo.sig enc=pkcs1 hash=sha256
.fi
.RE
.PP
See asymmetric-key(7) for more information.

.SS Change notifications
\fBkeyctl\fR watch [\-f<filters>] <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR watch_session [\-f <filters>] [-n <name>] \\
                <notifylog> <gclog> <fd> <prog> [<arg1> <arg2> ...]
\fBkeyctl\fR watch_add <fd> <key>
.br
\fBkeyctl\fR watch_rm <fd> <key>
.br
.PP
The
.B watch
command watches a single key, printing notifications to stdout until the key
is destroyed.  Filters can be employed to cut down the events that will be
delivered.  The
.I filter
string is a series of letters, each one of which enables a particular event
subtype:
.PP
.RS
.nf
.BR i " - The key has been instantiated"
.BR p " - The key has been updated"
.BR l " - A link has been added to a keyring"
.BR n " - A link has been removed from a keyring"
.BR c " - A keyring has been cleared"
.BR r " - A key has been revoked"
.BR v " - A key has been invalidated"
.BR s " - A key has had its attributes changed"
.fi
.RE
.PP
The output of the command looks like:
.PP
.RS
.nf
.RI < keyid "> <" event "> [<" aux ">]"
.fi
.RE
.PP
Where
.I keyid
is the primary subject of the notification,
.I op
is the event and
.I aux
is the secondary key if there is one (such as link where the primary key is
the keyring secondary key is the key being linked in to it).  For example:
.PP
.RS
.nf
255913279 link 340681059
255913279 clr
.fi
.RE
.PP
An additional notication is generated when a key being watched is garbage
collected, e.g.:
.PP
.RS
.nf
255913279 gc
.fi
.RE
.PP
The
.B watch_session
command creates a new session keyring, with name
.I name
if given, watches it for notifications and runs program
.I prog
with it.  The program is given the specified arguments.
.PP
A second process is forked off to monitor the notifications.  The output from
that is directed to the files
.I notifylog
for most notifications and
.I gclog
for key removal notifications (which are asynchronous and may be deferred).
.PP
The
.BR watch_queue (7)
device is exported to the program attached to fd number
.IR fd .
This can be passed by the other two commands.
.PP
The
.B watch_add
command adds a watch on
.I key
to the
.B watch_queue
attached to
.I fd
as exported by watch_session and the
.B watch_rm
caommand removes it.  A watch_queue can handle multiple keys and even non-keys
sources as well.


.SH ERRORS
There are a number of common errors returned by this program:

"Not a directory" - a key wasn't a keyring.

"Requested key not found" - the looked for key isn't available.

"Key has been revoked" - a revoked key was accessed.

"Key has expired" - an expired key was accessed.

"Permission denied" - permission was denied by a UID/GID/mask combination.
.SH SEE ALSO
.ad l
.nh
.BR keyctl (1),
.BR keyctl (2),
.BR request_key (2),
.BR keyctl (3),
.BR request\-key.conf (5),
.BR keyrings (7),
.BR request\-key (8)