[InferAddressSpaces] Handle vector of pointers type & Support intrinsic masked gather/scatter

4 files changed, 204 insertions, 29 deletions

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/InferAddressSpaces.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/InferAddressSpaces.cpp
index b6713730bfa9..a82be5b973cf 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/InferAddressSpaces.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/InferAddressSpaces.cpp
@@ -256,6 +256,12 @@ INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(TargetTransformInfoWrapperPass)
 INITIALIZE_PASS_END(InferAddressSpaces, DEBUG_TYPE, "Infer address spaces",
                     false, false)
 
+static Type *getPtrOrVecOfPtrsWithNewAS(Type *Ty, unsigned NewAddrSpace) {
+  assert(Ty->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy());
+  PointerType *NPT = PointerType::get(Ty->getContext(), NewAddrSpace);
+  return Ty->getWithNewType(NPT);
+}
+
 // Check whether that's no-op pointer bicast using a pair of
 // `ptrtoint`/`inttoptr` due to the missing no-op pointer bitcast over
 // different address spaces.
@@ -301,14 +307,14 @@ static bool isAddressExpression(const Value &V, const DataLayout &DL,
 
   switch (Op->getOpcode()) {
   case Instruction::PHI:
-    assert(Op->getType()->isPointerTy());
+    assert(Op->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy());
     return true;
   case Instruction::BitCast:
   case Instruction::AddrSpaceCast:
   case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
     return true;
   case Instruction::Select:
-    return Op->getType()->isPointerTy();
+    return Op->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy();
   case Instruction::Call: {
     const IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(&V);
     return II && II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::ptrmask;
@@ -373,6 +379,24 @@ bool InferAddressSpacesImpl::rewriteIntrinsicOperands(IntrinsicInst *II,
   case Intrinsic::ptrmask:
     // This is handled as an address expression, not as a use memory operation.
     return false;
+  case Intrinsic::masked_gather: {
+    Type *RetTy = II->getType();
+    Type *NewPtrTy = NewV->getType();
+    Function *NewDecl =
+        Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M, II->getIntrinsicID(), {RetTy, NewPtrTy});
+    II->setArgOperand(0, NewV);
+    II->setCalledFunction(NewDecl);
+    return true;
+  }
+  case Intrinsic::masked_scatter: {
+    Type *ValueTy = II->getOperand(0)->getType();
+    Type *NewPtrTy = NewV->getType();
+    Function *NewDecl =
+        Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M, II->getIntrinsicID(), {ValueTy, NewPtrTy});
+    II->setArgOperand(1, NewV);
+    II->setCalledFunction(NewDecl);
+    return true;
+  }
   default: {
     Value *Rewrite = TTI->rewriteIntrinsicWithAddressSpace(II, OldV, NewV);
     if (!Rewrite)
@@ -394,6 +418,14 @@ void InferAddressSpacesImpl::collectRewritableIntrinsicOperands(
     appendsFlatAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(II->getArgOperand(0),
                                                  PostorderStack, Visited);
     break;
+  case Intrinsic::masked_gather:
+    appendsFlatAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(II->getArgOperand(0),
+                                                 PostorderStack, Visited);
+    break;
+  case Intrinsic::masked_scatter:
+    appendsFlatAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(II->getArgOperand(1),
+                                                 PostorderStack, Visited);
+    break;
   default:
     SmallVector<int, 2> OpIndexes;
     if (TTI->collectFlatAddressOperands(OpIndexes, IID)) {
@@ -412,7 +444,7 @@ void InferAddressSpacesImpl::collectRewritableIntrinsicOperands(
 void InferAddressSpacesImpl::appendsFlatAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(
     Value *V, PostorderStackTy &PostorderStack,
     DenseSet<Value *> &Visited) const {
-  assert(V->getType()->isPointerTy());
+  assert(V->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy());
 
   // Generic addressing expressions may be hidden in nested constant
   // expressions.
@@ -460,8 +492,7 @@ InferAddressSpacesImpl::collectFlatAddressExpressions(Function &F) const {
   // addressing calculations may also be faster.
   for (Instruction &I : instructions(F)) {
     if (auto *GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(&I)) {
-      if (!GEP->getType()->isVectorTy())
-        PushPtrOperand(GEP->getPointerOperand());
+      PushPtrOperand(GEP->getPointerOperand());
     } else if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(&I))
       PushPtrOperand(LI->getPointerOperand());
     else if (auto *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(&I))
@@ -480,14 +511,12 @@ InferAddressSpacesImpl::collectFlatAddressExpressions(Function &F) const {
     } else if (auto *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(&I))
       collectRewritableIntrinsicOperands(II, PostorderStack, Visited);
     else if (ICmpInst *Cmp = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(&I)) {
-      // FIXME: Handle vectors of pointers
-      if (Cmp->getOperand(0)->getType()->isPointerTy()) {
+      if (Cmp->getOperand(0)->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy()) {
         PushPtrOperand(Cmp->getOperand(0));
         PushPtrOperand(Cmp->getOperand(1));
       }
     } else if (auto *ASC = dyn_cast<AddrSpaceCastInst>(&I)) {
-      if (!ASC->getType()->isVectorTy())
-        PushPtrOperand(ASC->getPointerOperand());
+      PushPtrOperand(ASC->getPointerOperand());
     } else if (auto *I2P = dyn_cast<IntToPtrInst>(&I)) {
       if (isNoopPtrIntCastPair(cast<Operator>(I2P), *DL, TTI))
         PushPtrOperand(
@@ -529,8 +558,7 @@ static Value *operandWithNewAddressSpaceOrCreateUndef(
     SmallVectorImpl<const Use *> *UndefUsesToFix) {
   Value *Operand = OperandUse.get();
 
-  Type *NewPtrTy = PointerType::getWithSamePointeeType(
-      cast<PointerType>(Operand->getType()), NewAddrSpace);
+  Type *NewPtrTy = getPtrOrVecOfPtrsWithNewAS(Operand->getType(), NewAddrSpace);
 
   if (Constant *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(Operand))
     return ConstantExpr::getAddrSpaceCast(C, NewPtrTy);
@@ -543,8 +571,7 @@ static Value *operandWithNewAddressSpaceOrCreateUndef(
   if (I != PredicatedAS.end()) {
     // Insert an addrspacecast on that operand before the user.
     unsigned NewAS = I->second;
-    Type *NewPtrTy = PointerType::getWithSamePointeeType(
-        cast<PointerType>(Operand->getType()), NewAS);
+    Type *NewPtrTy = getPtrOrVecOfPtrsWithNewAS(Operand->getType(), NewAS);
     auto *NewI = new AddrSpaceCastInst(Operand, NewPtrTy);
     NewI->insertBefore(Inst);
     NewI->setDebugLoc(Inst->getDebugLoc());
@@ -572,8 +599,7 @@ Value *InferAddressSpacesImpl::cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace(
     const ValueToValueMapTy &ValueWithNewAddrSpace,
     const PredicatedAddrSpaceMapTy &PredicatedAS,
     SmallVectorImpl<const Use *> *UndefUsesToFix) const {
-  Type *NewPtrType = PointerType::getWithSamePointeeType(
-      cast<PointerType>(I->getType()), NewAddrSpace);
+  Type *NewPtrType = getPtrOrVecOfPtrsWithNewAS(I->getType(), NewAddrSpace);
 
   if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::AddrSpaceCast) {
     Value *Src = I->getOperand(0);
@@ -607,8 +633,7 @@ Value *InferAddressSpacesImpl::cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace(
   if (AS != UninitializedAddressSpace) {
     // For the assumed address space, insert an `addrspacecast` to make that
     // explicit.
-    Type *NewPtrTy = PointerType::getWithSamePointeeType(
-        cast<PointerType>(I->getType()), AS);
+    Type *NewPtrTy = getPtrOrVecOfPtrsWithNewAS(I->getType(), AS);
     auto *NewI = new AddrSpaceCastInst(I, NewPtrTy);
     NewI->insertAfter(I);
     return NewI;
@@ -617,7 +642,7 @@ Value *InferAddressSpacesImpl::cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace(
   // Computes the converted pointer operands.
   SmallVector<Value *, 4> NewPointerOperands;
   for (const Use &OperandUse : I->operands()) {
-    if (!OperandUse.get()->getType()->isPointerTy())
+    if (!OperandUse.get()->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy())
       NewPointerOperands.push_back(nullptr);
     else
       NewPointerOperands.push_back(operandWithNewAddressSpaceOrCreateUndef(
@@ -629,7 +654,7 @@ Value *InferAddressSpacesImpl::cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace(
   case Instruction::BitCast:
     return new BitCastInst(NewPointerOperands[0], NewPtrType);
   case Instruction::PHI: {
-    assert(I->getType()->isPointerTy());
+    assert(I->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy());
     PHINode *PHI = cast<PHINode>(I);
     PHINode *NewPHI = PHINode::Create(NewPtrType, PHI->getNumIncomingValues());
     for (unsigned Index = 0; Index < PHI->getNumIncomingValues(); ++Index) {
@@ -648,7 +673,7 @@ Value *InferAddressSpacesImpl::cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace(
     return NewGEP;
   }
   case Instruction::Select:
-    assert(I->getType()->isPointerTy());
+    assert(I->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy());
     return SelectInst::Create(I->getOperand(0), NewPointerOperands[1],
                               NewPointerOperands[2], "", nullptr, I);
   case Instruction::IntToPtr: {
@@ -674,10 +699,10 @@ static Value *cloneConstantExprWithNewAddressSpace(
     ConstantExpr *CE, unsigned NewAddrSpace,
     const ValueToValueMapTy &ValueWithNewAddrSpace, const DataLayout *DL,
     const TargetTransformInfo *TTI) {
-  Type *TargetType = CE->getType()->isPointerTy()
-                         ? PointerType::getWithSamePointeeType(
-                               cast<PointerType>(CE->getType()), NewAddrSpace)
-                         : CE->getType();
+  Type *TargetType =
+      CE->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy()
+          ? getPtrOrVecOfPtrsWithNewAS(CE->getType(), NewAddrSpace)
+          : CE->getType();
 
   if (CE->getOpcode() == Instruction::AddrSpaceCast) {
     // Because CE is flat, the source address space must be specific.
@@ -1226,9 +1251,9 @@ bool InferAddressSpacesImpl::rewriteWithNewAddressSpaces(
         if (AddrSpaceCastInst *ASC = dyn_cast<AddrSpaceCastInst>(CurUser)) {
           unsigned NewAS = NewV->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace();
           if (ASC->getDestAddressSpace() == NewAS) {
-            if (!cast<PointerType>(ASC->getType())
-                    ->hasSameElementTypeAs(
-                        cast<PointerType>(NewV->getType()))) {
+            if (!cast<PointerType>(ASC->getType()->getScalarType())
+                     ->hasSameElementTypeAs(
+                         cast<PointerType>(NewV->getType()->getScalarType()))) {
               BasicBlock::iterator InsertPos;
               if (Instruction *NewVInst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(NewV))
                 InsertPos = std::next(NewVInst->getIterator());
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/AMDGPU/icmp.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/AMDGPU/icmp.ll
index b9e0c1334908..0c8d7a26a513 100644
--- a/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/AMDGPU/icmp.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/AMDGPU/icmp.ll
@@ -147,9 +147,8 @@ define i1 @icmp_mismatch_flat_group_private_cmp_undef_swap(ptr addrspace(3) %gro
   ret i1 %cmp
 }
 
-; TODO: Should be handled
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @icmp_flat_flat_from_group_vector(
-; CHECK: %cmp = icmp eq <2 x ptr> %cast0, %cast1
+; CHECK: %cmp = icmp eq <2 x ptr addrspace(3)> %group.ptr.0, %group.ptr.1
 define <2 x i1> @icmp_flat_flat_from_group_vector(<2 x ptr addrspace(3)> %group.ptr.0, <2 x ptr addrspace(3)> %group.ptr.1) #0 {
   %cast0 = addrspacecast <2 x ptr addrspace(3)> %group.ptr.0 to <2 x ptr>
   %cast1 = addrspacecast <2 x ptr addrspace(3)> %group.ptr.1 to <2 x ptr>
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/masked-gather-scatter.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/masked-gather-scatter.ll
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9e051ae63bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/masked-gather-scatter.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 2
+; RUN: opt -S -passes=infer-address-spaces -assume-default-is-flat-addrspace %s | FileCheck %s
+
+define <4 x i32> @masked_gather_inferas(ptr addrspace(1) %out, <4 x i64> %index) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: define <4 x i32> @masked_gather_inferas
+; CHECK-SAME: (ptr addrspace(1) [[OUT:%.*]], <4 x i64> [[INDEX:%.*]]) {
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[PTRS:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr addrspace(1) [[OUT]], <4 x i64> [[INDEX]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[VALUE:%.*]] = tail call <4 x i32> @llvm.masked.gather.v4i32.v4p1(<4 x ptr addrspace(1)> [[PTRS]], i32 4, <4 x i1> <i1 true, i1 true, i1 true, i1 true>, <4 x i32> poison)
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret <4 x i32> [[VALUE]]
+;
+entry:
+  %out.1 = addrspacecast ptr addrspace(1) %out to ptr
+  %ptrs = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %out.1, <4 x i64> %index
+  %value = tail call <4 x i32> @llvm.masked.gather.v4i32.v4p0(<4 x ptr> %ptrs, i32 4, <4 x i1> <i1 true, i1 true, i1 true, i1 true>, <4 x i32> poison)
+  ret <4 x i32> %value
+}
+
+define void @masked_scatter_inferas(ptr addrspace(1) %out, <4 x i64> %index, <4 x i32> %value) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: define void @masked_scatter_inferas
+; CHECK-SAME: (ptr addrspace(1) [[OUT:%.*]], <4 x i64> [[INDEX:%.*]], <4 x i32> [[VALUE:%.*]]) {
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[PTRS:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr addrspace(1) [[OUT]], <4 x i64> [[INDEX]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    tail call void @llvm.masked.scatter.v4i32.v4p1(<4 x i32> [[VALUE]], <4 x ptr addrspace(1)> [[PTRS]], i32 4, <4 x i1> <i1 true, i1 true, i1 true, i1 true>)
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+entry:
+  %out.1 = addrspacecast ptr addrspace(1) %out to ptr
+  %ptrs = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %out.1, <4 x i64> %index
+  tail call void @llvm.masked.scatter.v4i32.v4p0(<4 x i32> %value, <4 x ptr> %ptrs, i32 4, <4 x i1> <i1 true, i1 true, i1 true, i1 true>)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare <4 x i32> @llvm.masked.gather.v4i32.v4p0(<4 x ptr>, i32 immarg, <4 x i1>, <4 x i32>)
+
+declare void @llvm.masked.scatter.v4i32.v4p0(<4 x i32>, <4 x ptr>, i32 immarg, <4 x i1>)
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/vector-of-pointers.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/vector-of-pointers.ll
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f489bbe32347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/InferAddressSpaces/vector-of-pointers.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 2
+; RUN: opt -S -passes=infer-address-spaces -assume-default-is-flat-addrspace %s | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @double_ascast(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %input) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: define void @double_ascast
+; CHECK-SAME: (<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[INPUT:%.*]]) {
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[INPUT]])
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+entry:
+  %tmp0 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %input to <4 x ptr>
+  %tmp1 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr> %tmp0 to <4 x ptr addrspace(3)>
+  call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %tmp1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @double_gep(ptr addrspace(3) %input, <4 x i64> %i, i64 %j) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: define void @double_gep
+; CHECK-SAME: (ptr addrspace(3) [[INPUT:%.*]], <4 x i64> [[I:%.*]], i64 [[J:%.*]]) {
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = getelementptr float, ptr addrspace(3) [[INPUT]], <4 x i64> [[I]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = getelementptr float, <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[TMP1]], i64 [[J]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[TMP2]])
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+entry:
+  %tmp0 = addrspacecast ptr addrspace(3) %input to ptr
+  %tmp1 = getelementptr float, ptr %tmp0, <4 x i64> %i
+  %tmp2 = getelementptr float, <4 x ptr> %tmp1, i64 %j
+  %tmp3 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr> %tmp2 to <4 x ptr addrspace(3)>
+  call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %tmp3)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @inferas_phi(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %input, i1 %cond) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: define void @inferas_phi
+; CHECK-SAME: (<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[INPUT:%.*]], i1 [[COND:%.*]]) {
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    br i1 [[COND]], label [[INC:%.*]], label [[END:%.*]]
+; CHECK:       inc:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = getelementptr float, <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[INPUT]], i64 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    br label [[END]]
+; CHECK:       end:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = phi <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [ [[INPUT]], [[ENTRY:%.*]] ], [ [[TMP1]], [[INC]] ]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[TMP2]])
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+entry:
+  %tmp0 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %input to <4 x ptr>
+  br i1 %cond, label %inc, label %end
+
+inc:
+  %tmp1 = getelementptr float, <4 x ptr> %tmp0, i64 1
+  br label %end
+
+end:
+  %tmp2 = phi <4 x ptr> [ %tmp0, %entry ], [ %tmp1, %inc ]
+  %tmp3 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr> %tmp2 to <4 x ptr addrspace(3)>
+  call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %tmp3)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @inferas_ptr2int2ptr(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %input) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: define void @inferas_ptr2int2ptr
+; CHECK-SAME: (<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[INPUT:%.*]]) {
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[INPUT]])
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+entry:
+  %tmp0 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %input to <4 x ptr>
+  %tmp1 = ptrtoint <4 x ptr> %tmp0 to <4 x i64>
+  %tmp2 = inttoptr <4 x i64> %tmp1 to <4 x ptr>
+  %tmp3 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr> %tmp2 to <4 x ptr addrspace(3)>
+  call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %tmp3)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @inferas_loop(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %begin, <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %end) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: define void @inferas_loop
+; CHECK-SAME: (<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[BEGIN:%.*]], <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[END:%.*]]) {
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    br label [[LOOP:%.*]]
+; CHECK:       loop:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[NOW:%.*]] = phi <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [ [[BEGIN]], [[ENTRY:%.*]] ], [ [[NEXT:%.*]], [[LOOP]] ]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[NOW]])
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[NEXT]] = getelementptr float, <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[NOW]], i64 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[VEQ:%.*]] = icmp eq <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> [[NEXT]], [[END]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MASK:%.*]] = bitcast <4 x i1> [[VEQ]] to i4
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[COND:%.*]] = icmp eq i4 [[MASK]], 0
+; CHECK-NEXT:    br i1 [[COND]], label [[LOOP]], label [[EXIT:%.*]]
+; CHECK:       exit:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+entry:
+  %begin0 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %begin to <4 x ptr>
+  %end0 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %end to <4 x ptr>
+  br label %loop
+
+loop:
+  %now = phi <4 x ptr> [ %begin0, %entry ], [ %next, %loop ]
+  %now3 = addrspacecast <4 x ptr> %now to <4 x ptr addrspace(3)>
+  call void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)> %now3)
+  %next = getelementptr float, <4 x ptr> %now, i64 1
+  %veq = icmp eq <4 x ptr> %next, %end0
+  %mask = bitcast <4 x i1> %veq to i4
+  %cond = icmp eq i4 %mask, 0
+  br i1 %cond, label %loop, label %exit
+
+exit:
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @use(<4 x ptr addrspace(3)>)