MDEV-23886 Reusing CTE inside a function fails with table doesn't exist

In the code existed just before this patch binding of a table reference to
the specification of the corresponding CTE happens in the function
open_and_process_table(). If the table reference is not the first in the
query the specification is cloned in the same way as the specification of
a view is cloned for any reference of the view. This works fine for
standalone queries, but does not work for stored procedures / functions
for the following reason.
When the first call of a stored procedure/ function SP is processed the
body of SP is parsed. When a query of SP is parsed the info on each
encountered table reference is put into a TABLE_LIST object linked into
a global chain associated with the query. When parsing of the query is
finished the basic info on the table references from this chain except
table references to derived tables and information schema tables is put
in one hash table associated with SP. When parsing of the body of SP is
finished this hash table is used to construct TABLE_LIST objects for all
table references mentioned in SP and link them into the list of such
objects passed to a pre-locking process that calls open_and_process_table()
for each table from the list.
When a TABLE_LIST for a view is encountered the view is opened and its
specification is parsed. For any table reference occurred in
the specification a new TABLE_LIST object is created to be included into
the list for pre-locking. After all objects in the pre-locking have been
looked through the tables mentioned in the list are locked. Note that the
objects referenced CTEs are just skipped here as it is impossible to
resolve these references without any info on the context where they occur.
Now the statements from the body of SP are executed one by one that.
At the very beginning of the execution of a query the tables used in the
query are opened and open_and_process_table() now is called for each table
reference mentioned in the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the
query that was built when the query was parsed.
For each table reference first the reference is checked against CTEs
definitions in whose scope it occurred. If such definition is found the
reference is considered resolved and if this is not the first reference
to the found CTE the the specification of the CTE is re-parsed and the
result of the parsing is added to the parsing tree of the query as a
sub-tree. If this sub-tree contains table references to other tables they
are added to the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the query in
order the referenced tables to be opened. When the procedure that opens
the tables comes to the TABLE_LIST object created for a non-first
reference to a CTE it discovers that the referenced table instance is not
locked and reports an error.
Thus processing non-first table references to a CTE similar to how
references to view are processed does not work for queries used in stored
procedures / functions. And the main problem is that the current
pre-locking mechanism employed for stored procedures / functions does not
allow to save the context in which a CTE reference occur. It's not trivial
to save the info about the context where a CTE reference occurs while the
resolution of the table reference cannot be done without this context and
consequentially the specification for the table reference cannot be
determined.

This patch solves the above problem by moving resolution of all CTE
references at the parsing stage. More exactly references to CTEs occurred in
a query are resolved right after parsing of the query has finished. After
resolution any CTE reference it is marked as a reference to to derived
table. So it is excluded from the hash table created for pre-locking used
base tables and view when the first call of a stored procedure / function
is processed.
This solution required recursive calls of the parser. The function
THD::sql_parser() has been added specifically for recursive invocations of
the parser.

1 files changed, 74 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/sql/sql_cte.h b/sql/sql_cte.h
index 58f371d936b..5f30894afb1 100644
--- a/sql/sql_cte.h
+++ b/sql/sql_cte.h
@@ -9,6 +9,39 @@ struct st_unit_ctxt_elem;
 
 
 /**
+  @class With_element_head
+  @brief Head of the definition of a CTE table
+
+  It contains the name of the CTE and it contains the position of the subchain
+  of table references used in the definition in the global chain of table
+  references used in the query where this definition is encountered.
+*/
+
+class With_element_head : public Sql_alloc
+{
+  /* The name of the defined CTE */
+  LEX_CSTRING *query_name;
+
+public:
+  /*
+    The structure describing the subchain of the table references used in
+    the specification of the defined CTE in the global chain of table
+    references used in the query. The structure is fully defined only
+    after the CTE definition has been parsed.
+  */
+  TABLE_CHAIN tables_pos;
+
+  With_element_head(LEX_CSTRING *name)
+    : query_name(name)
+  {
+    tables_pos.set_start_pos(0);
+    tables_pos.set_end_pos(0);
+  }
+  friend class With_element;
+};
+
+
+/**
   @class With_element
   @brief Definition of a CTE table
 	
@@ -69,9 +102,22 @@ private:
     subqueries and specifications of other with elements).
   */ 
   uint references;
+
+  /*
+    true <=> this With_element is referred in the query in which the
+    element is defined
+  */
+  bool referenced;
+
+  /*
+    true <=> this With_element is needed for the execution of the query
+    in which the element is defined
+  */
+  bool is_used_in_query;
+
   /* 
     Unparsed specification of the query that specifies this element.
-    It used to build clones of the specification if they are needed.
+    It's used to build clones of the specification if they are needed.
   */
   LEX_STRING unparsed_spec;
   /* Offset of the specification in the input string */
@@ -85,10 +131,11 @@ private:
  
 public:
   /*
-    The name of the table introduced by this with elememt. The name
-     can be used in FROM lists of the queries in the scope of the element.
+    Contains the name of the defined With element and the position of
+    the subchain of the tables references used by its definition in the
+    global chain of TABLE_LIST objects created for the whole query.
   */
-  LEX_STRING *query_name;
+  With_element_head *head;
   /*
     Optional list of column names to name the columns of the table introduced
     by this with element. It is used in the case when the names are not
@@ -144,18 +191,27 @@ public:
   /* List of Item_subselects containing recursive references to this CTE */
   SQL_I_List<Item_subselect> sq_with_rec_ref; 
 
-  With_element(LEX_STRING *name,
+  With_element(With_element_head *h,
                List <LEX_STRING> list,
                st_select_lex_unit *unit)
     : next(NULL), base_dep_map(0), derived_dep_map(0),
       sq_dep_map(0), work_dep_map(0), mutually_recursive(0),
       top_level_dep_map(0), sq_rec_ref(NULL),
       next_mutually_recursive(NULL), references(0), 
-      query_name(name), column_list(list), spec(unit),
+      referenced(false), is_used_in_query(false),
+      head(h), column_list(list), spec(unit),
       is_recursive(false), rec_outer_references(0), with_anchor(false),
       level(0), rec_result(NULL)
   { unit->with_element= this; }
 
+  LEX_CSTRING *get_name() { return head->query_name; }
+  const char *get_name_str() { return get_name()->str; }
+
+  void set_tables_start_pos(TABLE_LIST **pos)
+  { head->tables_pos.set_start_pos(pos); }
+  void set_tables_end_pos(TABLE_LIST **pos)
+  { head->tables_pos.set_end_pos(pos); }
+
   bool check_dependencies_in_spec();
   
   void check_dependencies_in_select(st_select_lex *sl, st_unit_ctxt_elem *ctxt,
@@ -182,9 +238,9 @@ public:
   bool set_unparsed_spec(THD *thd, char *spec_start, char *spec_end,
                          uint spec_offset);
 
-  st_select_lex_unit *clone_parsed_spec(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *with_table);
+  st_select_lex_unit *clone_parsed_spec(LEX *old_lex, TABLE_LIST *with_table);
 
-  bool is_referenced() { return references != 0; }
+  bool is_referenced() { return referenced; }
 
   void inc_references() { references++; }
 
@@ -242,6 +298,12 @@ public:
   void prepare_for_next_iteration();
 
   friend class With_clause;
+
+  friend
+  bool LEX::resolve_references_to_cte(TABLE_LIST *tables,
+                                      TABLE_LIST **tables_last);
+  friend
+  bool LEX::resolve_references_to_cte_in_hanging_cte();
 };
 
 const uint max_number_of_elements_in_with_clause= sizeof(table_map)*8;
@@ -338,8 +400,10 @@ public:
   friend class With_element;
 
   friend
-  bool
-  check_dependencies_in_with_clauses(With_clause *with_clauses_list);
+  bool LEX::check_dependencies_in_with_clauses();
+
+  friend
+  bool LEX::resolve_references_to_cte_in_hanging_cte();
 };
 
 inline