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-<!--$Id: env_open.so,v 11.21 2000/06/05 15:17:24 sue Exp $-->
-<!--$Id: m4.tcl,v 11.17 2000/04/24 17:31:11 sue Exp $-->
-<!--Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 by Sleepycat Software, Inc.-->
-<!--All rights reserved.-->
-<html>
-<head>
-<title>Berkeley DB: berkdb env</title>
-<meta name="description" content="Berkeley DB: An embedded database programmatic toolkit.">
-<meta name="keywords" content="embedded,database,programmatic,toolkit,b+tree,btree,hash,hashing,transaction,transactions,locking,logging,access method,access methods,java,C,C++">
-</head>
-<body bgcolor=white>
- <a name="2"><!--meow--></a>
-<table><tr valign=top>
-<td>
-<h1><b>berkdb env</b></h1>
-</td>
-<td width="1%">
-<a href="../api_tcl/tcl_index.html"><img src="../images/api.gif" alt="API"></a><a href="../ref/toc.html"><img src="../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a>
-</td></tr></table>
-<hr size=1 noshade>
-<tt>
-<h3><pre>berkdb env
- [-cachesize {gbytes bytes ncache}]
- [-create]
- [-data_dir dirname]
- [-errfile filename]
- [-home directory]
- [-log_dir dirname]
- [-mode mode]
- [-private]
- [-recover]
- [-recover_fatal]
- [-shm_key shmid]
- [-system_mem]
- [-tmp_dir dirname]
- [-txn [nosync]]
- [-txn_max max]
- [-use_environ]
- [-use_environ_root]
-</pre></h3>
-<h1>Description</h1>
-<p>The <b>berkdb env</b> command opens, and optionally creates, a database
-environment. The returned environment handle is bound to a Tcl command
-of the form <b>envN</b>, where N is an integer starting at 0 (e.g., env0
-and env1). It is through this Tcl command that the script accesses the
-environment methods.
-The command automatically initializes the shared memory buffer pool subsystem.
-This subsystem is used whenever the application is
-using any Berkeley DB access method.
-<p>The options are as follows:
-<p><dl compact>
-<p><dt>-cachesize {gbytes bytes ncache}<dd>Set the size of the database's shared memory buffer pool, i.e., the cache,
-to <b>gbytes</b> gigabytes plus <b>bytes</b>. The cache should be the
-size of the normal working data set of the application, with some small
-amount of additional memory for unusual situations. (Note, the working
-set is not the same as the number of simultaneously referenced pages, and
-should be quite a bit larger!)
-<p>The default cache size is 256KB, and may not be specified as less than
-20KB. Any cache size less than 500MB is automatically increased by 25%
-to account for buffer pool overhead, cache sizes larger than 500MB are
-used as specified.
-<p>It is possible to specify caches to Berkeley DB that are large enough so that
-they cannot be allocated contiguously on some architectures, e.g., some
-releases of Solaris limit the amount of memory that may be allocated
-contiguously by a process. If <b>ncache</b> is 0 or 1, the cache will
-be allocated contiguously in memory. If it is greater than 1, the cache
-will be broken up into <b>ncache</b> equally sized separate pieces of
-memory.
-<p>For information on tuning the Berkeley DB cache size, see
-<a href="../ref/am_conf/cachesize.html">Selecting a cache size</a>.
-<p><dt>-create<dd>Cause Berkeley DB subsystems to create any underlying files, as necessary.
-<p><dt>-data_dir dirname<dd>Specify the environment's data directory as described in
-<a href="../ref/env/naming.html">Berkeley DB File Naming</a>.
-<p><dt>-errfile filename<dd>
-<p>When an error occurs in the Berkeley DB library, a Berkeley DB error or an error
-return value is returned by the function. In some cases, however, the
-errno value may be insufficient to completely describe the cause of the
-error especially during initial application debugging.
-<p>The <b>-errfile</b> argument is used to enhance the mechanism for
-reporting error messages to the application by specifying a file to be
-used for displaying additional Berkeley DB error messages. In some cases, when
-an error occurs, Berkeley DB will output an additional error message to the
-specified file reference.
-<p>The error message will consist of the environment command name (e.g., env0)
-and a colon (":"), an error string, and a trailing &lt;newline&gt;
-character.
-<p>This error logging enhancement does not slow performance or significantly
-increase application size, and may be run during normal operation as well
-as during application debugging.
-<p><dt>-home directory<dd>The <b>-home</b> argument is described in
-<a href="../ref/env/naming.html">Berkeley DB File Naming</a>.
-<p><dt>-log_dir dirname<dd>Specify the environment's logging file directory as described in
-<a href="../ref/env/naming.html">Berkeley DB File Naming</a>.
-<p><dt>-mode mode<dd>
-<p>On UNIX systems, or in IEEE/ANSI Std 1003.1 (POSIX) environments, all files created by Berkeley DB
-are created with mode <b>mode</b> (as described in <b>chmod</b>(2)) and
-modified by the process' umask value at the time of creation (see
-<b>umask</b>(2)). The group ownership of created files is based on
-the system and directory defaults, and is not further specified by Berkeley DB.
-If <b>mode</b> is 0, files are created readable and writeable by both
-owner and group. On Windows systems, the mode argument is ignored.
-<p><dt>-private<dd>Specify that the environment will only be accessed by a single process
-(although that process may be multi-threaded). This flag has two effects
-on the Berkeley DB environment. First, all underlying data structures are
-allocated from per-process memory instead of from shared memory that is
-potentially accessible to more than a single process. Second, mutexes
-are only configured to work between threads.
-<p>This flag should not be specified if more than a single process is
-accessing the environment, as it is likely to cause database corruption
-and unpredictable behavior, e.g., if both a server application and the
-Berkeley DB utility <a href="../utility/db_stat.html">db_stat</a> will access the environment, the
-<b>-private</b> option should not be specified.
-<p><dt>-recover<dd>Run normal recovery on this environment before opening it for normal use.
-If this flag is set, the <b>-create</b> option must also be set since
-the regions will be removed and recreated.
-<p><dt>-recover_fatal<dd>Run catastrophic recovery on this environment before opening it for
-normal use. If this flag is set, the <b>-create</b> option must also be
-set since the regions will be removed and recreated.
-<p><dt>-shm_key key<dd>Specify a base segment ID for Berkeley DB environment shared memory regions
-created in system memory on systems supporting X/Open-style shared memory
-interfaces, e.g., UNIX systems supporting shmget(2) and related System V
-IPC interfaces. See <a href="../ref/env/region.html">Shared Memory
-Regions</a> for more information.
-<p><dt>-system_mem<dd>Allocate memory from system shared memory instead of memory backed by the
-filesystem. See <a href="../ref/env/region.html">Shared Memory Regions</a>
-for more information.
-<p><dt>-tmp_dir dirname<dd>Specify the environment's tmp directory as described in
-<a href="../ref/env/naming.html">Berkeley DB File Naming</a>.
-<p><dt>-txn [nosync]<dd>Initialize the transaction subsystem. This subsystem is used when
-recovery and atomicity of multiple operations and recovery are important.
-The <b>-txn</b> option implies the initialization of the logging
-and locking subsystems as well.
-<p>If the optional <b>nosync</b> argument is specified, the log will not be
-synchronously flushed on transaction commit or prepare. This means that
-transactions exhibit the ACI (atomicity, consistency and isolation)
-properties, but not D (durability), i.e., database integrity will be
-maintained but it is possible that some number of the most recently
-committed transactions may be undone during recovery instead of being
-redone.
-<p>The number of transactions that are potentially at risk is governed by
-how often the log is checkpointed (see <a href="../utility/db_checkpoint.html">db_checkpoint</a> for more
-information) and how many log updates can fit on a single log page.
-<p><dt>-txn_max max<dd>Set the maximum number of simultaneous transactions that are supported
-by the environment. This bounds the size of backing files. When there
-are more than the specified number of concurrent transactions, calls to
-<i>env</i> <b>txn</b> will fail (until some active transactions complete).
-<p><dt>-use_environ<dd>The Berkeley DB process' environment may be permitted to specify information to
-be used when naming files; see <a href="../ref/env/naming.html">Berkeley DB
-File Naming</a>. As permitting users to specify which files are used can
-create security problems, environment information will be used in file
-naming for all users only if the <b>-use_environ</b> flag is set.
-<p><dt>-use_environ_root<dd>The Berkeley DB process' environment may be permitted to specify information
-to be used when naming files; see <a href="../ref/env/naming.html">Berkeley DB
-File Naming</a>. As permitting users to specify which files are used can
-create security problems, if the <b>-use_environ_root</b> flag is set,
-environment information will be used for file naming only for users with
-appropriate permissions (e.g., on IEEE/ANSI Std 1003.1 (POSIX) systems, users with a
-user-ID of 0).
-</dl>
-<p>The <b>berkdb env</b> command returns an environment handle on success.
-<p>In the case of error, a Tcl error is thrown.
-</tt>
-<table><tr><td><br></td><td width="1%">
-<a href="../api_tcl/tcl_index.html"><img src="../images/api.gif" alt="API"></a><a href="../ref/toc.html"><img src="../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a>
-</td></tr></table>
-<p><font size=1><a href="http://www.sleepycat.com">Copyright Sleepycat Software</a></font>
-</body>
-</html>