1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
|
'\" t
.\"
.TH "\FBMYSQL\FR" "1" "9 May 2017" "MariaDB 10\&.3" "MariaDB Database System"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" mysql
.\" command-line tool
.\" tools: command-line
.\" scripts: SQL
.\" SQL scripts
.\" batch SQL files
.SH "NAME"
mysql \- the MariaDB command\-line tool
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP \w'\fBmysql\ [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB]\ \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR\ 'u
\fBmysql [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB] \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBmysql\fR
is a simple SQL shell (with GNU
readline
capabilities)\&. It supports interactive and non\-interactive use\&. When used interactively, query results are presented in an ASCII\-table format\&. When used non\-interactively (for example, as a filter), the result is presented in tab\-separated format\&. The output format can be changed using command options\&.
.PP
If you have problems due to insufficient memory for large result sets, use the
\fB\-\-quick\fR
option\&. This forces
\fBmysql\fR
to retrieve results from the server a row at a time rather than retrieving the entire result set and buffering it in memory before displaying it\&. This is done by returning the result set using the
mysql_use_result()
C API function in the client/server library rather than
mysql_store_result()\&.
.PP
Using
\fBmysql\fR
is very easy\&. Invoke it from the prompt of your command interpreter as follows:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Or:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \-\-user=\fR\fB\fIuser_name\fR\fR\fB \-\-password=\fR\fB\fIyour_password\fR\fR\fB \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Then type an SQL statement, end it with
\(lq;\(rq,
\eg, or
\eG
and press Enter\&.
.PP
Typing Control\-C causes
\fBmysql\fR
to attempt to kill the current statement\&. If this cannot be done, or Control\-C is typed again before the statement is killed,
\fBmysql\fR
exits\&.
.PP
You can execute SQL statements in a script file (batch file) like this:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR\fB < \fR\fB\fIscript\&.sql\fR\fR\fB > \fR\fB\fIoutput\&.tab\fR\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SH "MYSQL OPTIONS"
.\" mysql command options
.\" command options: mysql
.\" options: command-line: mysql
.\" startup parameters: mysql
.PP
\fBmysql\fR
supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or in the
[mysql], [client], [client-server] or [client-mariadb]
option file groups\&.
\fBmysql\fR
also supports the options for processing option files\&.
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: help option
.\" help option: mysql
\fB\-\-help\fR,
\fB\-?\fR,
\fB\-I\fR
.sp
Display a help message and exit\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: abort-source-on-error option
.\" abort-source-on-error: mysql
\fB\-\-abort\-source\-on\-error\fR
.sp
Abort 'source filename' operations in case of errors\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: auto-rehash option
.\" auto-rehash option: mysql
\fB\-\-auto\-rehash\fR
.sp
Enable automatic rehashing\&. This option is on by default, which enables database, table, and column name completion\&. Use
\fB\-\-disable\-auto\-rehash\fR, \fB\-\-no\-auto\-rehash\fR, or \fB\-\-skip\-auto\-rehash\fR
to disable rehashing\&. That causes
\fBmysql\fR
to start faster, but you must issue the
rehash
command if you want to use name completion\&.
.sp
To complete a name, enter the first part and press Tab\&. If the name is unambiguous,
\fBmysql\fR
completes it\&. Otherwise, you can press Tab again to see the possible names that begin with what you have typed so far\&. Completion does not occur if there is no default database\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: auto-vertical-output option
.\" auto-vertical-output option: mysql
\fB\-\-auto\-vertical\-output\fR
.sp
Automatically switch to vertical output mode if the result is wider than the terminal width\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: batch option
.\" batch option: mysql
\fB\-\-batch\fR,
\fB\-B\fR
.sp
Print results using tab as the column separator, with each row on a new line\&. With this option,
\fBmysql\fR
does not use the history file\&.
.sp
Batch mode results in nontabular output format and escaping of special characters\&. Escaping may be disabled by using raw mode; see the description for the
\fB\-\-raw\fR
option\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: binary-mode option
.\" binary-mode option: mysql
\fB\-\-binary\-mode\fR
.sp
Binary mode allows certain character sequences to be processed as data that
would otherwise be treated with a special meaning by the parser\&.
Specifically, this switch turns off parsing of all client commands except \eC
and DELIMITER in non-interactive mode (i\&.e\&., when binary mode is combined
with either 1) piped input, 2) the --batch mysql option, or 3) the 'source'
command)\&. Also, in binary mode, occurrences of '\er\en' and ASCII '\e0' are
preserved within strings, whereas by default, '\er\en' is translated to '\en'
and '\e0' is disallowed in user input\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: character-sets-dir option
.\" character-sets-dir option: mysql
\fB\-\-character\-sets\-dir=\fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR
.sp
The directory where character sets are installed\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: column-names option
.\" column-names option: mysql
\fB\-\-column\-names\fR
.sp
Write column names in results\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: column-type-info option
.\" column-type-info option: mysql
\fB\-\-column\-type\-info\fR,
\fB\-m\fR
.sp
Display result set metadata\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: comments option
.\" comments option: mysql
\fB\-\-comments\fR,
\fB\-c\fR
.sp
Whether to preserve comments in statements sent to the server\&. The default is \-\-skip\-comments (discard comments), enable with \-\-comments (preserve comments)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: compress option
.\" compress option: mysql
\fB\-\-compress\fR,
\fB\-C\fR
.sp
Compress all information sent between the client and the server if both support compression\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: connect-timeout option
.\" connect-timeout option: mysql
\fB\-\-connect\-timeout=\fR\fB\fIseconds\fR\fR
.sp
Set the number of seconds before connection timeout\&. (Default value is 0\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: database option
.\" database option: mysql
\fB\-\-database=\fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-D \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR
.sp
The database to use\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: debug option
.\" debug option: mysql
\fB\-\-debug[=\fR\fB\fIdebug_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\-# [\fR\fB\fIdebug_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
Write a debugging log\&. A typical
\fIdebug_options\fR
string is
\'d:t:o,\fIfile_name\fR\'\&. The default is
\'d:t:o,/tmp/mysql\&.trace\'\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: debug-check option
.\" debug-check option: mysql
\fB\-\-debug\-check\fR
.sp
Print some debugging information when the program exits\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: debug-info option
.\" debug-info option: mysql
\fB\-\-debug\-info\fR,
\fB\-T\fR
.sp
Prints debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program exits\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: default-auth option
.\" default-auth option: mysql
\fB\-\-default\-auth=\fR\fB\fIname\fR
.sp
Default authentication client-side plugin to use\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: default-character-set option
.\" default-character-set option: mysql
\fB\-\-default\-character\-set=\fR\fB\fIcharset_name\fR\fR
.sp
Use
\fIcharset_name\fR
as the default character set for the client and connection\&.
.sp
A common issue that can occur when the operating system uses
utf8
or another multi\-byte character set is that output from the
\fBmysql\fR
client is formatted incorrectly, due to the fact that the MariaDB client uses the
latin1
character set by default\&. You can usually fix such issues by using this option to force the client to use the system character set instead\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: defaults-extra-file option
.\" defaults-extra-file option: mysql
\fB\-\-defaults-extra-file=\fR\fB\fIfilename\fR\fR
.sp
Set \fB\fIfilename\fR\fR as the file to read default options from after the global defaults files has been read\&.
Must be given as first option\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: defaults-file option
.\" defaults-file option: mysql
\fB\-\-defaults-file=\fR\fB\fIfilename\fR\fR
.sp
Set \fB\fIfilename\fR\fR as the file to read default options from, override global defaults files\&. Must be given as first option\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: defaults-group-suffix option
.\" defaults-group-suffix option: mysql
\fB\-\-defaults\-group\-suffix=\fR\fB\fIsuffix\fR\fR
.sp
In addition to the groups named on the command line, read groups that have the given suffix\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: delimiter option
.\" delimiter option: mysql
\fB\-\-delimiter=\fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR
.sp
Set the statement delimiter\&. The default is the semicolon character (\(lq;\(rq)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: disable named commands
.\" disable named command: mysql
\fB\-\-disable\-named\-commands\fR
.sp
Disable named commands\&. Use the
\e*
form only, or use named commands only at the beginning of a line ending with a semicolon (\(lq;\(rq)\&.
\fBmysql\fR
starts with this option
\fIenabled\fR
by default\&. However, even with this option, long\-format commands still work from the first line\&. See
the section called \(lqMYSQL COMMANDS\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: execute option
.\" execute option: mysql
\fB\-\-execute=\fR\fB\fIstatement\fR\fR,
\fB\-e \fR\fB\fIstatement\fR\fR
.sp
Execute the statement and quit\&. Disables \fB\-\-force\fR and history file\&. The default output format is like that produced with
\fB\-\-batch\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: force option
.\" force option: mysql
\fB\-\-force\fR,
\fB\-f\fR
.sp
Continue even if an SQL error occurs\&. Sets \fB\-\-abort\-source\-on-error\fR to 0\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: host option
.\" host option: mysql
\fB\-\-host=\fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-h \fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR
.sp
Connect to the MariaDB server on the given host\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: html option
.\" html option: mysql
\fB\-\-html\fR,
\fB\-H\fR
.sp
Produce HTML output\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: ignore-spaces option
.\" ignore-spaces option: mysql
\fB\-\-ignore\-spaces\fR,
\fB\-i\fR
.sp
Ignore spaces after function names\&. Allows one to have spaces (including tab characters and new line characters) between function name and '('\&. The drawback is that this causes built in functions to become reserved words\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: init-command option
.\" init-command option: mysql
\fB\-\-init\-command=\fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR\fR
.sp
SQL Command to execute when connecting to the MariaDB server\&. Will automatically be re-executed when reconnecting\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: line-numbers option
.\" line-numbers option: mysql
\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR
.sp
Write line numbers for errors\&. Disable this with
\fB\-\-skip\-line\-numbers\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: local-infile option
.\" local-infile option: mysql
\fB\-\-local\-infile[={0|1}]\fR
.sp
Enable or disable
LOCAL
capability for
LOAD DATA INFILE\&. With no value, the option enables
LOCAL\&. The option may be given as
\fB\-\-local\-infile=0\fR
or
\fB\-\-local\-infile=1\fR
to explicitly disable or enable
LOCAL\&. Enabling
LOCAL
has no effect if the server does not also support it\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: max-allowed-packet option
.\" max-allowed-packet option: mysql
\fB\-\-max\-allowed\-packet=\fR\fB\fInum\fR\fR
.sp
Set the maximum packet length to send to or receive from the server\&. (Default value is 16MB, largest 1GB\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: max-join-size option
.\" max-join-size option: mysql
\fB\-\-max\-join\-size=\fR\fB\fInum\fR\fR
.sp
Set the automatic limit for rows in a join when using
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR\&. (Default value is 1,000,000\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: named-commands option
.\" named-commands option: mysql
\fB\-\-named\-commands\fR,
\fB\-G\fR
.sp
Enable named
\fBmysql\fR
commands\&. Long\-format commands are allowed, not just short\-format commands\&. For example,
quit
and
\eq
both are recognized\&. Use
\fB\-\-skip\-named\-commands\fR
to disable named commands\&. See
the section called \(lqMYSQL COMMANDS\(rq\&. Disabled by default\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.\" mysql: net-buffer-length option
.\" net-buffer-length option: mysql
\fB\-\-net\-buffer\-length=\fR\fB\fIsize\fR\fR
.sp
Set the buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication\&. (Default value is 16KB\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: no-auto-rehash option
.\" no-auto-rehash option: mysql
\fB\-\-no\-auto\-rehash\fR,
\fB\-A\fR
.sp
This has the same effect as
\fB\-\-skip\-auto\-rehash\fR\&. See the description for
\fB\-\-auto\-rehash\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: no-beep option
.\" no-beep option: mysql
\fB\-\-no\-beep\fR,
\fB\-b\fR
.sp
Do not beep when errors occur\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: no-defaults option
.\" no-defaults option: mysql
\fB\-\-no\-defaults\fR
.sp
Do not read default options from any option file\&. This must be given as the first argument\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: one-database option
.\" one-database option: mysql
\fB\-\-one\-database\fR,
\fB\-o\fR
.sp
Ignore statements except those those that occur while the default database is the one named on the command line\&. This filtering is limited, and based only on USE statements\&. This is useful for skipping updates to other databases in the binary log\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: pager option
.\" pager option: mysql
\fB\-\-pager[=\fR\fB\fIcommand\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
Use the given command for paging query output\&. If the command is omitted, the default pager is the value of your
PAGER
environment variable\&. Valid pagers are
\fBless\fR,
\fBmore\fR,
\fBcat [> filename]\fR, and so forth\&. This option works only on Unix and only in interactive mode\&. To disable paging, use
\fB\-\-skip\-pager\fR\&.
the section called \(lqMYSQL COMMANDS\(rq, discusses output paging further\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: password option
.\" password option: mysql
\fB\-\-password[=\fR\fB\fIpassword\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\-p[\fR\fB\fIpassword\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
The password to use when connecting to the server\&. If you use the short option form (\fB\-p\fR), you
\fIcannot\fR
have a space between the option and the password\&. If you omit the
\fIpassword\fR
value following the
\fB\-\-password\fR
or
\fB\-p\fR
option on the command line,
\fBmysql\fR
prompts for one\&.
.sp
Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure\&. You can use an option file to avoid giving the password on the command line\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: pipe option
.\" pipe option: mysql
\fB\-\-pipe\fR,
\fB\-W\fR
.sp
On Windows, connect to the server via a named pipe\&. This option applies only if the server supports named\-pipe connections\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: plugin-dir option
.\" plugin-dir option: mysql
\fB\-\-plugin\-dir=\fIdir_name\fR
.sp
Directory for client-side plugins\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: port option
.\" port option: mysql
\fB\-\-port=\fR\fB\fIport_num\fR\fR,
\fB\-P \fR\fB\fIport_num\fR\fR
.sp
The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection or 0 for default to, in order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/services, built-in default (3306)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: print-defaults option
.\" print-defaults option: mysql
\fB\-\-print\-defaults\fR
.sp
Print the program argument list and exit\&. This must be given as the first argument\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: progress-reports option
.\" progress-reports option: mysql
\fB\-\-progress\-reports\fR
.sp
Get progress reports for long running commands (such as ALTER TABLE)\&. (Defaults to on; use \fB\-\-skip\-progress\-reports\fR to disable\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: prompt option
.\" prompt option: mysql
\fB\-\-prompt=\fR\fB\fIformat_str\fR\fR
.sp
Set the prompt to the specified format\&. The special sequences that the prompt can contain are described in
the section called \(lqMYSQL COMMANDS\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: protocol option
.\" protocol option: mysql
\fB\-\-protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}\fR
.sp
The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server\&. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be used other than the one you want\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: quick option
.\" quick option: mysql
\fB\-\-quick\fR,
\fB\-q\fR
.sp
Do not cache each query result, print each row as it is received\&. This may slow down the server if the output is suspended\&. With this option,
\fBmysql\fR
does not use the history file\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: raw option
.\" raw option: mysql
\fB\-\-raw\fR,
\fB\-r\fR
.sp
For tabular output, the
\(lqboxing\(rq
around columns enables one column value to be distinguished from another\&. For nontabular output (such as is produced in batch mode or when the
\fB\-\-batch\fR
or
\fB\-\-silent\fR
option is given), special characters are escaped in the output so they can be identified easily\&. Newline, tab,
NUL, and backslash are written as
\en,
\et,
\e0, and
\e\e\&. The
\fB\-\-raw\fR
option disables this character escaping\&.
.sp
The following example demonstrates tabular versus nontabular output and the use of raw mode to disable escaping:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
% \fBmysql\fR
mysql> SELECT CHAR(92);
+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
| CHAR(92) |
+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
| \e |
+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
% \fBmysql \-s\fR
mysql> SELECT CHAR(92);
CHAR(92)
\e\e
% \fBmysql \-s \-r\fR
mysql> SELECT CHAR(92);
CHAR(92)
\e
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: reconnect option
.\" reconnect option: mysql
\fB\-\-reconnect\fR
.sp
If the connection to the server is lost, automatically try to reconnect\&. A single reconnect attempt is made each time the connection is lost\&. Enabled by default, to disable use
\fB\-\-skip\-reconnect\fR or \fB\-\-disable\-reconnect\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: safe-updates option
.\" safe-updates option: mysql
.\" mysql: i-am-a-dummy option
.\" i-am-a-dummy option: mysql
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR,
\fB\-\-i\-am\-a\-dummy\fR,
\fB\-U\fR
.sp
Allow only those
UPDATE
and
DELETE
statements that specify which rows to modify by using key values\&. If you have set this option in an option file, you can override it by using
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR
on the command line\&. See
the section called \(lqMYSQL TIPS\(rq, for more information about this option\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: secure-auth option
.\" secure-auth option: mysql
\fB\-\-secure\-auth\fR
.sp
Do not send passwords to the server in old (pre\-4\&.1\&.1) format\&. This prevents connections except for servers that use the newer password format\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: select-limit option
.\" select-limit option: mysql
\fB\-\-select\-limit=\fR\fB\fIlimit\fR\fR
.sp
Set automatic limit for SELECT when using \fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR\&. (Default value is 1,000\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: server-arg option
.\" server-arg option: mysql
\fB\-\-server\-arg=\fR\fB\fIname\fR\fR
.sp
Send \fB\fIname\fR\fR as a parameter to the embedded server\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: show-warnings option
.\" show-warnings option: mysql
\fB\-\-show\-warnings\fR
.sp
Cause warnings to be shown after each statement if there are any\&. This option applies to interactive and batch mode\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: sigint-ignore option
.\" sigint-ignore option: mysql
\fB\-\-sigint\-ignore\fR
.sp
Ignore
SIGINT
signals (typically the result of typing Control\-C)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: silent option
.\" silent option: mysql
\fB\-\-silent\fR,
\fB\-s\fR
.sp
Silent mode\&. Produce less output\&. This option can be given multiple times to produce less and less output\&.
.sp
This option results in nontabular output format and escaping of special characters\&. Escaping may be disabled by using raw mode; see the description for the
\fB\-\-raw\fR
option\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: skip-auto-rehash option
.\" skip-auto-rehash option: mysql
\fB\-\-skip\-auto\-rehash\fR
.sp
Disable automatic rehashing\&. Synonym for \fB\-\-disable\-auto\-rehash\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: skip-column-names option
.\" skip-column-names option: mysql
\fB\-\-skip\-column\-names\fR,
\fB\-N\fR
.sp
Do not write column names in results\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: skip-line-numbers option
.\" skip-line-numbers option: mysql
\fB\-\-skip\-line\-numbers\fR,
\fB\-L\fR
.sp
Do not write line numbers for errors\&. Useful when you want to compare result files that include error messages\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: socket option
.\" socket option: mysql
\fB\-\-socket=\fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR,
\fB\-S \fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR
.sp
For connections to
localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL options
.\" SSL options: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\fR
.sp
Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with other flags). Disable with
\fB\-\-skip-ssl\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL CA option
.\" SSL CA option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-ca=\fIname\fR
.sp
CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
\fB\-\-ssl\fR)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL CA Path option
.\" SSL CA Path option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-capath=\fIname\fR
.sp
CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies
\fB\-\-ssl\fR)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL Cert option
.\" SSL Cert option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-cert=\fIname\fR
.sp
X509 cert in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
\fB\-\-ssl\fR)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL Cipher option
.\" SSL Cipher option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-cipher=\fIname\fR
.sp
SSL cipher to use (check OpenSSL docs, implies
\fB\-\-ssl\fR)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL Key option
.\" SSL Key option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-key=\fIname\fR
.sp
X509 key in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
\fB\-\-ssl\fR)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL Crl option
.\" SSL CRL option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-crl=\fIname\fR
.sp
Certificate revocation list (check OpenSSL docs, implies
\fB\-\-ssl\fR)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL Crlpath option
.\" SSL Crlpath option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-crlpath=\fIname\fR
.sp
Certificate revocation list path (check OpenSSL docs, implies
\fB\-\-ssl\fR)\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: SSL Verify Server Cert option
.\" SSL Verify Server Cert option: mysql
\fB\-\-ssl\-verify\-server\-cert\fR
.sp
Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by default\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: table option
.\" table option: mysql
\fB\-\-table\fR,
\fB\-t\fR
.sp
Display output in table format\&. This is the default for interactive use, but can be used to produce table output in batch mode\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: tee option
.\" tee option: mysql
\fB\-\-tee=\fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
.sp
Append a copy of output to the given file\&. This option works only in interactive mode\&.
the section called \(lqMYSQL COMMANDS\(rq, discusses tee files further\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: unbuffered option
.\" unbuffered option: mysql
\fB\-\-unbuffered\fR,
\fB\-n\fR
.sp
Flush the buffer after each query\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: user option
.\" user option: mysql
\fB\-\-user=\fR\fB\fIuser_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-u \fR\fB\fIuser_name\fR\fR
.sp
The MariaDB user name to use when connecting to the server\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: verbose option
.\" verbose option: mysql
\fB\-\-verbose\fR,
\fB\-v\fR
.sp
Verbose mode\&. Produce more output about what the program does\&. This option can be given multiple times to produce more and more output\&. (For example,
\fB\-v \-v \-v\fR
produces table output format even in batch mode\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: version option
.\" version option: mysql
\fB\-\-version\fR,
\fB\-V\fR
.sp
Display version information and exit\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: vertical option
.\" vertical option: mysql
\fB\-\-vertical\fR,
\fB\-E\fR
.sp
Print query output rows vertically (one line per column value)\&. Without this option, you can specify vertical output for individual statements by terminating them with
\eG\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: wait option
.\" wait option: mysql
\fB\-\-wait\fR,
\fB\-w\fR
.sp
If the connection cannot be established, wait and retry instead of aborting\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: xml option
.\" xml option: mysql
\fB\-\-xml\fR,
\fB\-X\fR
.sp
Produce XML output\&.
The output when
\fB\-\-xml\fR
is used with
\fBmysql\fR
matches that of
\fBmysqldump \fR\fB\fB\-\-xml\fR\fR\&. See
\fBmysqldump\fR(1)
for details\&.
.sp
The XML output also uses an XML namespace, as shown here:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \-\-xml \-uroot \-e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE \'version%\'"\fR
<?xml version="1\&.0"?>
<resultset statement="SHOW VARIABLES LIKE \'version%\'" xmlns:xsi="http://www\&.w3\&.org/2001/XMLSchema\-instance">
<row>
<field name="Variable_name">version</field>
<field name="Value">5\&.0\&.40\-debug</field>
</row>
<row>
<field name="Variable_name">version_comment</field>
<field name="Value">Source distribution</field>
</row>
<row>
<field name="Variable_name">version_compile_machine</field>
<field name="Value">i686</field>
</row>
<row>
<field name="Variable_name">version_compile_os</field>
<field name="Value">suse\-linux\-gnu</field>
</row>
</resultset>
.fi
.RE
.PP
You can also set the following variables by using
\fB\-\-\fR\fB\fIvar_name\fR\fR\fB=\fR\fB\fIvalue\fR\fR\&.
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" timeout: connect_timeout variable
.\" connect_timeout variable
connect_timeout
.sp
The number of seconds before connection timeout\&. (Default value is
0\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" max_allowed_packet variable
max_allowed_packet
.sp
The maximum packet length to send to or receive from the server\&. (Default value is 16MB\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" max_join_size variable
max_join_size
.sp
The automatic limit for rows in a join when using
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR\&. (Default value is 1,000,000\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" net_buffer_length variable
net_buffer_length
.sp
The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication\&. (Default value is 16KB\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" select_limit variable
select_limit
.sp
The automatic limit for
SELECT
statements when using
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR\&. (Default value is 1,000\&.)
.RE
.\" MYSQL_HISTFILE environment variable
.\" environment variable: MYSQL_HISTFILE
.\" HOME environment variable
.\" environment variable: HOME
.\" mysql history file
.\" command-line history: mysql
.\" .mysql_history file
.PP
On Unix, the
\fBmysql\fR
client writes a record of executed statements to a history file\&. By default, this file is named
\&.mysql_history
and is created in your home directory\&. To specify a different file, set the value of the
MYSQL_HISTFILE
environment variable\&.
.PP
The
\&.mysql_history
should be protected with a restrictive access mode because sensitive information might be written to it, such as the text of SQL statements that contain passwords\&.
.PP
If you do not want to maintain a history file, first remove
\&.mysql_history
if it exists, and then use either of the following techniques:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Set the
MYSQL_HISTFILE
variable to
/dev/null\&. To cause this setting to take effect each time you log in, put the setting in one of your shell\'s startup files\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Create
\&.mysql_history
as a symbolic link to
/dev/null:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBln \-s /dev/null $HOME/\&.mysql_history\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
You need do this only once\&.
.RE
.SH "MYSQL COMMANDS"
.PP
\fBmysql\fR
sends each SQL statement that you issue to the server to be executed\&. There is also a set of commands that
\fBmysql\fR
itself interprets\&. For a list of these commands, type
help
or
\eh
at the
mysql>
prompt:
.\" mysql commands: list of
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBhelp\fR
List of all MySQL commands:
Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with \';\'
? (\e?) Synonym for `help\'\&.
clear (\ec) Clear command\&.
connect (\er) Reconnect to the server\&. Optional arguments are db and host\&.
delimiter (\ed) Set statement delimiter\&.
edit (\ee) Edit command with $EDITOR\&.
ego (\eG) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically\&.
exit (\eq) Exit mysql\&. Same as quit\&.
go (\eg) Send command to mysql server\&.
help (\eh) Display this help\&.
nopager (\en) Disable pager, print to stdout\&.
notee (\et) Don\'t write into outfile\&.
pager (\eP) Set PAGER [to_pager]\&. Print the query results via PAGER\&.
print (\ep) Print current command\&.
prompt (\eR) Change your mysql prompt\&.
quit (\eq) Quit mysql\&.
rehash (\e#) Rebuild completion hash\&.
source (\e\&.) Execute an SQL script file\&. Takes a file name as an argument\&.
status (\es) Get status information from the server\&.
system (\e!) Execute a system shell command\&.
tee (\eT) Set outfile [to_outfile]\&. Append everything into given
outfile\&.
use (\eu) Use another database\&. Takes database name as argument\&.
charset (\eC) Switch to another charset\&. Might be needed for processing
binlog with multi\-byte charsets\&.
warnings (\eW) Show warnings after every statement\&.
nowarning (\ew) Don\'t show warnings after every statement\&.
For server side help, type \'help contents\'
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Each command has both a long and short form\&. The long form is not case sensitive; the short form is\&. The long form can be followed by an optional semicolon terminator, but the short form should not\&.
.PP
The use of short\-form commands within multi\-line
/* \&.\&.\&. */
comments is not supported\&.
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: help command
.\" help command: mysql
\fBhelp [\fR\fB\fIarg\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\eh [\fR\fB\fIarg\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\e? [\fR\fB\fIarg\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB? [\fR\fB\fIarg\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
Display a help message listing the available
\fBmysql\fR
commands\&.
.sp
If you provide an argument to the
help
command,
\fBmysql\fR
uses it as a search string to access server\-side help\&. For more information, see
the section called \(lqMYSQL SERVER-SIDE HELP\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: charset command
.\" charset command: mysql
\fBcharset \fR\fB\fIcharset_name\fR\fR,
\fB\eC \fR\fB\fIcharset_name\fR\fR
.sp
Change the default character set and issue a
SET NAMES
statement\&. This enables the character set to remain synchronized on the client and server if
\fBmysql\fR
is run with auto\-reconnect enabled (which is not recommended), because the specified character set is used for reconnects\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: clear command
.\" clear command: mysql
\fBclear\fR,
\fB\ec\fR
.sp
Clear the current input\&. Use this if you change your mind about executing the statement that you are entering\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: connect command
.\" connect command: mysql
\fBconnect [\fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR\fB \fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR\fB]]\fR,
\fB\er [\fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR\fB \fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR\fB]]\fR
.sp
Reconnect to the server\&. The optional database name and host name arguments may be given to specify the default database or the host where the server is running\&. If omitted, the current values are used\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: delimiter command
.\" delimiter command: mysql
\fBdelimiter \fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR,
\fB\ed \fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR
.sp
Change the string that
\fBmysql\fR
interprets as the separator between SQL statements\&. The default is the semicolon character (\(lq;\(rq)\&.
.sp
The delimiter can be specified as an unquoted or quoted argument\&. Quoting can be done with either single quote (\') or douple quote (") characters\&. To include a quote within a quoted string, either quote the string with the other quote character or escape the quote with a backslash (\(lq\e\(rq) character\&. Backslash should be avoided outside of quoted strings because it is the escape character for MariaDB\&. For an unquoted argument, the delmiter is read up to the first space or end of line\&. For a quoted argument, the delimiter is read up to the matching quote on the line\&.
.sp
When the delimiter recognized by
\fBmysql\fR
is set to something other than the default of
\(lq;\(rq, instances of that character are sent to the server without interpretation\&. However, the server itself still interprets
\(lq;\(rq
as a statement delimiter and processes statements accordingly\&. This behavior on the server side comes into play for multiple\-statement execution, and for parsing the body of stored procedures and functions, triggers, and events\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: edit command
.\" edit command: mysql
\fBedit\fR,
\fB\ee\fR
.sp
Edit the current input statement\&.
\fBmysql\fR
checks the values of the
EDITOR
and
VISUAL
environment variables to determine which editor to use\&. The default editor is
\fBvi\fR
if neither variable is set\&.
.sp
The
\fBedit\fR
command works only in Unix\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: ego command
.\" ego command: mysql
\fBego\fR,
\fB\eG\fR
.sp
Send the current statement to the server to be executed and display the result using vertical format\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: exit command
.\" exit command: mysql
\fBexit\fR,
\fB\eq\fR
.sp
Exit
\fBmysql\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: go command
.\" go command: mysql
\fBgo\fR,
\fB\eg\fR
.sp
Send the current statement to the server to be executed\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: nopager command
.\" nopager command: mysql
\fBnopager\fR,
\fB\en\fR
.sp
Disable output paging\&. See the description for
\fBpager\fR\&.
.sp
The
\fBnopager\fR
command works only in Unix\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: notee command
.\" notee command: mysql
\fBnotee\fR,
\fB\et\fR
.sp
Disable output copying to the tee file\&. See the description for
\fBtee\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: nowarning command
.\" nowarning command: mysql
\fBnowarning\fR,
\fB\ew\fR
.sp
Enable display of warnings after each statement\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: pager command
.\" pager command: mysql
\fBpager [\fR\fB\fIcommand\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\eP [\fR\fB\fIcommand\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
Enable output paging\&. By using the
\fB\-\-pager\fR
option when you invoke
\fBmysql\fR, it is possible to browse or search query results in interactive mode with Unix programs such as
\fBless\fR,
\fBmore\fR, or any other similar program\&. If you specify no value for the option,
\fBmysql\fR
checks the value of the
PAGER
environment variable and sets the pager to that\&. Pager functionality works only in interactive mode\&.
.sp
Output paging can be enabled interactively with the
\fBpager\fR
command and disabled with
\fBnopager\fR\&. The command takes an optional argument; if given, the paging program is set to that\&. With no argument, the pager is set to the pager that was set on the command line, or
stdout
if no pager was specified\&.
.sp
Output paging works only in Unix because it uses the
popen()
function, which does not exist on Windows\&. For Windows, the
\fBtee\fR
option can be used instead to save query output, although it is not as convenient as
\fBpager\fR
for browsing output in some situations\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: print command
.\" print command: mysql
\fBprint\fR,
\fB\ep\fR
.sp
Print the current input statement without executing it\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: prompt command
.\" prompt command: mysql
\fBprompt [\fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\eR [\fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
Reconfigure the
\fBmysql\fR
prompt to the given string\&. The special character sequences that can be used in the prompt are described later in this section\&.
.sp
If you specify the
prompt
command with no argument,
\fBmysql\fR
resets the prompt to the default of
mysql>\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: quit command
.\" quit command: mysql
\fBquit\fR,
\fB\eq\fR
.sp
Exit
\fBmysql\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: rehash command
.\" rehash command: mysql
\fBrehash\fR,
\fB\e#\fR
.sp
Rebuild the completion hash that enables database, table, and column name completion while you are entering statements\&. (See the description for the
\fB\-\-auto\-rehash\fR
option\&.)
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: source command
.\" source command: mysql
\fBsource \fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR,
\fB\e\&. \fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
.sp
Read the named file and executes the statements contained therein\&. On Windows, you can specify path name separators as
/
or
\e\e\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: status command
.\" status command: mysql
\fBstatus\fR,
\fB\es\fR
.sp
Provide status information about the connection and the server you are using\&. If you are running in
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR
mode,
status
also prints the values for the
\fBmysql\fR
variables that affect your queries\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: system command
.\" system command: mysql
\fBsystem \fR\fB\fIcommand\fR\fR,
\fB\e! \fR\fB\fIcommand\fR\fR
.sp
Execute the given command using your default command interpreter\&.
.sp
The
\fBsystem\fR
command works only in Unix\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: tee command
.\" tee command: mysql
\fBtee [\fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\eT [\fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
By using the
\fB\-\-tee\fR
option when you invoke
\fBmysql\fR, you can log statements and their output\&. All the data displayed on the screen is appended into a given file\&. This can be very useful for debugging purposes also\&.
\fBmysql\fR
flushes results to the file after each statement, just before it prints its next prompt\&. Tee functionality works only in interactive mode\&.
.sp
You can enable this feature interactively with the
\fBtee\fR
command\&. Without a parameter, the previous file is used\&. The
\fBtee\fR
file can be disabled with the
\fBnotee\fR
command\&. Executing
\fBtee\fR
again re\-enables logging\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: use command
.\" use command: mysql
\fBuse \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR,
\fB\eu \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR
.sp
Use
\fIdb_name\fR
as the default database\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
.\" mysql: warnings command
.\" warnings command: mysql
\fBwarnings\fR,
\fB\eW\fR
.sp
Enable display of warnings after each statement (if there are any)\&.
.RE
.PP
Here are a few tips about the
\fBpager\fR
command:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
You can use it to write to a file and the results go only to the file:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBpager cat > /tmp/log\&.txt\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
You can also pass any options for the program that you want to use as your pager:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBpager less \-n \-i \-S\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
In the preceding example, note the
\fB\-S\fR
option\&. You may find it very useful for browsing wide query results\&. Sometimes a very wide result set is difficult to read on the screen\&. The
\fB\-S\fR
option to
\fBless\fR
can make the result set much more readable because you can scroll it horizontally using the left\-arrow and right\-arrow keys\&. You can also use
\fB\-S\fR
interactively within
\fBless\fR
to switch the horizontal\-browse mode on and off\&. For more information, read the
\fBless\fR
manual page:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBman less\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
The
\fB\-F\fR
and
\fB\-X\fR
options may be used with
\fBless\fR
to cause it to exit if output fits on one screen, which is convenient when no scrolling is necessary:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBpager less \-n \-i \-S \-F \-X\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
You can specify very complex pager commands for handling query output:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBpager cat | tee /dr1/tmp/res\&.txt \e\fR
\fB| tee /dr2/tmp/res2\&.txt | less \-n \-i \-S\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
In this example, the command would send query results to two files in two different directories on two different file systems mounted on
/dr1
and
/dr2, yet still display the results onscreen via
\fBless\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
You can also combine the
\fBtee\fR
and
\fBpager\fR
functions\&. Have a
\fBtee\fR
file enabled and
\fBpager\fR
set to
\fBless\fR, and you are able to browse the results using the
\fBless\fR
program and still have everything appended into a file the same time\&. The difference between the Unix
\fBtee\fR
used with the
\fBpager\fR
command and the
\fBmysql\fR
built\-in
\fBtee\fR
command is that the built\-in
\fBtee\fR
works even if you do not have the Unix
\fBtee\fR
available\&. The built\-in
\fBtee\fR
also logs everything that is printed on the screen, whereas the Unix
\fBtee\fR
used with
\fBpager\fR
does not log quite that much\&. Additionally,
\fBtee\fR
file logging can be turned on and off interactively from within
\fBmysql\fR\&. This is useful when you want to log some queries to a file, but not others\&.
.\" mysql prompt command
.PP
The
\fBprompt\fR
command reconfigures the default
mysql>
prompt\&. The string for defining the prompt can contain the following special sequences\&.
.TS
allbox tab(:);
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l.
T{
\fBOption\fR
T}:T{
\fBDescription\fR
T}
T{
\ec
T}:T{
A counter that increments for each statement you issue
T}
T{
\eD
T}:T{
The full current date
T}
T{
\ed
T}:T{
The default database
T}
T{
\eh
T}:T{
The server host
T}
T{
\el
T}:T{
The current delimiter (new in 5\&.1\&.12)
T}
T{
\em
T}:T{
Minutes of the current time
T}
T{
\en
T}:T{
A newline character
T}
T{
\eO
T}:T{
The current month in three\-letter format (Jan, Feb, \&...)
T}
T{
\eo
T}:T{
The current month in numeric format
T}
T{
\eP
T}:T{
am/pm
T}
T{
\ep
T}:T{
The current TCP/IP port or socket file
T}
T{
\eR
T}:T{
The current time, in 24\-hour military time (0\(en23)
T}
T{
\er
T}:T{
The current time, standard 12\-hour time (1\(en12)
T}
T{
\eS
T}:T{
Semicolon
T}
T{
\es
T}:T{
Seconds of the current time
T}
T{
\et
T}:T{
A tab character
T}
T{
\eU
T}:T{
.PP
Your full
\fIuser_name\fR@\fIhost_name\fR
account name
T}
T{
\eu
T}:T{
Your user name
T}
T{
\ev
T}:T{
The server version
T}
T{
\ew
T}:T{
The current day of the week in three\-letter format (Mon, Tue, \&...)
T}
T{
\eY
T}:T{
The current year, four digits
T}
T{
\ey
T}:T{
The current year, two digits
T}
T{
\e_
T}:T{
A space
T}
T{
\e\ \&
T}:T{
A space (a space follows the backslash)
T}
T{
\e\'
T}:T{
Single quote
T}
T{
\e"
T}:T{
Double quote
T}
T{
\e\e
T}:T{
A literal \(lq\e\(rq backslash character
T}
T{
\e\fIx\fR
T}:T{
.PP
\fIx\fR, for any
\(lq\fIx\fR\(rq
not listed above
T}
.TE
.sp 1
.PP
You can set the prompt in several ways:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fIUse an environment variable\&.\fR
You can set the
MYSQL_PS1
environment variable to a prompt string\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBexport MYSQL_PS1="(\eu@\eh) [\ed]> "\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fIUse a command\-line option\&.\fR
You can set the
\fB\-\-prompt\fR
option on the command line to
\fBmysql\fR\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \-\-prompt="(\eu@\eh) [\ed]> "\fR
(user@host) [database]>
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fIUse an option file\&.\fR
You can set the
prompt
option in the
[mysql]
group of any MariaDB option file, such as
/etc/my\&.cnf
or the
\&.my\&.cnf
file in your home directory\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
[mysql]
prompt=(\e\eu@\e\eh) [\e\ed]>\e\e_
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
In this example, note that the backslashes are doubled\&. If you set the prompt using the
prompt
option in an option file, it is advisable to double the backslashes when using the special prompt options\&. There is some overlap in the set of allowable prompt options and the set of special escape sequences that are recognized in option files\&. The overlap may cause you problems if you use single backslashes\&. For example,
\es
is interpreted as a space rather than as the current seconds value\&. The following example shows how to define a prompt within an option file to include the current time in
HH:MM:SS>
format:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
[mysql]
prompt="\e\er:\e\em:\e\es> "
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fISet the prompt interactively\&.\fR
You can change your prompt interactively by using the
prompt
(or
\eR) command\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBprompt (\eu@\eh) [\ed]>\e_\fR
PROMPT set to \'(\eu@\eh) [\ed]>\e_\'
(\fIuser\fR@\fIhost\fR) [\fIdatabase\fR]>
(\fIuser\fR@\fIhost\fR) [\fIdatabase\fR]> prompt
Returning to default PROMPT of mysql>
mysql>
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.SH "MYSQL SERVER-SIDE HELP"
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBhelp \fR\fB\fIsearch_string\fR\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
If you provide an argument to the
help
command,
\fBmysql\fR
uses it as a search string to access server\-side help\&. The proper operation of this command requires that the help tables in the
mysql
database be initialized with help topic information.
.PP
If there is no match for the search string, the search fails:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBhelp me\fR
Nothing found
Please try to run \'help contents\' for a list of all accessible topics
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Use
\fBhelp contents\fR
to see a list of the help categories:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBhelp contents\fR
You asked for help about help category: "Contents"
For more information, type \'help <item>\', where <item> is one of the
following categories:
Account Management
Administration
Data Definition
Data Manipulation
Data Types
Functions
Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY
Geographic Features
Language Structure
Plugins
Storage Engines
Stored Routines
Table Maintenance
Transactions
Triggers
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
If the search string matches multiple items,
\fBmysql\fR
shows a list of matching topics:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBhelp logs\fR
Many help items for your request exist\&.
To make a more specific request, please type \'help <item>\',
where <item> is one of the following topics:
SHOW
SHOW BINARY LOGS
SHOW ENGINE
SHOW LOGS
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Use a topic as the search string to see the help entry for that topic:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBhelp show binary logs\fR
Name: \'SHOW BINARY LOGS\'
Description:
Syntax:
SHOW BINARY LOGS
SHOW MASTER LOGS
Lists the binary log files on the server\&. This statement is used as
part of the procedure described in [purge\-binary\-logs], that shows how
to determine which logs can be purged\&.
mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
| Log_name | File_size |
+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
| binlog\&.000015 | 724935 |
| binlog\&.000016 | 733481 |
+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SH "EXECUTING SQL STATEMENTS FROM A TEXT FILE"
.\" executing SQL statements from text files
.\" importing: data
.\" data: importing
.\" files: text
.\" text files: importing
.\" source (mysql client command)
.\" \. (mysql client command)
.\" mysql source (command for reading from text files)
.\" mysql \. (command for reading from text files)
.PP
The
\fBmysql\fR
client typically is used interactively, like this:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
However, it is also possible to put your SQL statements in a file and then tell
\fBmysql\fR
to read its input from that file\&. To do so, create a text file
\fItext_file\fR
that contains the statements you wish to execute\&. Then invoke
\fBmysql\fR
as shown here:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \fR\fB\fIdb_name\fR\fR\fB < \fR\fB\fItext_file\fR\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
If you place a
USE \fIdb_name\fR
statement as the first statement in the file, it is unnecessary to specify the database name on the command line:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql < text_file\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
If you are already running
\fBmysql\fR, you can execute an SQL script file using the
source
command or
\e\&.
command:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBsource \fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
mysql> \fB\e\&. \fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Sometimes you may want your script to display progress information to the user\&. For this you can insert statements like this:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
SELECT \'<info_to_display>\' AS \' \';
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
The statement shown outputs
<info_to_display>\&.
.PP
You can also invoke
\fBmysql\fR
with the
\fB\-\-verbose\fR
option, which causes each statement to be displayed before the result that it produces\&.
.PP
\fBmysql\fR
ignores Unicode byte order mark (BOM) characters at the beginning of input files\&. Presence of a BOM does not cause
\fBmysql\fR
to change its default character set\&. To do that, invoke
\fBmysql\fR
with an option such as
\fB\-\-default\-character\-set=utf8\fR\&.
.PP
.SH "MYSQL TIPS"
.PP
This section describes some techniques that can help you use
\fBmysql\fR
more effectively\&.
.SS "Displaying Query Results Vertically"
.PP
Some query results are much more readable when displayed vertically, instead of in the usual horizontal table format\&. Queries can be displayed vertically by terminating the query with \eG instead of a semicolon\&. For example, longer text values that include newlines often are much easier to read with vertical output:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBSELECT * FROM mails WHERE LENGTH(txt) < 300 LIMIT 300,1\eG\fR
*************************** 1\&. row ***************************
msg_nro: 3068
date: 2000\-03\-01 23:29:50
time_zone: +0200
mail_from: Monty
reply: monty@no\&.spam\&.com
mail_to: "Thimble Smith" <tim@no\&.spam\&.com>
sbj: UTF\-8
txt: >>>>> "Thimble" == Thimble Smith writes:
Thimble> Hi\&. I think this is a good idea\&. Is anyone familiar
Thimble> with UTF\-8 or Unicode? Otherwise, I\'ll put this on my
Thimble> TODO list and see what happens\&.
Yes, please do that\&.
Regards,
Monty
file: inbox\-jani\-1
hash: 190402944
1 row in set (0\&.09 sec)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SS "Using the \-\-safe\-updates Option"
.\" safe-updates option
.PP
For beginners, a useful startup option is
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR
(or
\fB\-\-i\-am\-a\-dummy\fR, which has the same effect)\&. It is helpful for cases when you might have issued a
DELETE FROM \fItbl_name\fR
statement but forgotten the
WHERE
clause\&. Normally, such a statement deletes all rows from the table\&. With
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR, you can delete rows only by specifying the key values that identify them\&. This helps prevent accidents\&.
.PP
When you use the
\fB\-\-safe\-updates\fR
option,
\fBmysql\fR
issues the following statement when it connects to the MariaDB server:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
SET sql_safe_updates=1, sql_select_limit=1000, sql_max_join_size=1000000;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
The
SET
statement has the following effects:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
You are not allowed to execute an
UPDATE
or
DELETE
statement unless you specify a key constraint in the
WHERE
clause or provide a
LIMIT
clause (or both)\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
UPDATE \fItbl_name\fR SET \fInot_key_column\fR=\fIval\fR WHERE \fIkey_column\fR=\fIval\fR;
UPDATE \fItbl_name\fR SET \fInot_key_column\fR=\fIval\fR LIMIT 1;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
The server limits all large
SELECT
results to 1,000 rows unless the statement includes a
LIMIT
clause\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
The server aborts multiple\-table
SELECT
statements that probably need to examine more than 1,000,000 row combinations\&.
.RE
.PP
To specify limits different from 1,000 and 1,000,000, you can override the defaults by using the
\fB\-\-select\-limit\fR
and
\fB\-\-max\-join\-size\fR
options:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \-\-safe\-updates \-\-select\-limit=500 \-\-max\-join\-size=10000\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SS "Disabling mysql Auto\-Reconnect"
.PP
If the
\fBmysql\fR
client loses its connection to the server while sending a statement, it immediately and automatically tries to reconnect once to the server and send the statement again\&. However, even if
\fBmysql\fR
succeeds in reconnecting, your first connection has ended and all your previous session objects and settings are lost: temporary tables, the autocommit mode, and user\-defined and session variables\&. Also, any current transaction rolls back\&. This behavior may be dangerous for you, as in the following example where the server was shut down and restarted between the first and second statements without you knowing it:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBSET @a=1;\fR
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0\&.05 sec)
mysql> \fBINSERT INTO t VALUES(@a);\fR
ERROR 2006: MySQL server has gone away
No connection\&. Trying to reconnect\&.\&.\&.
Connection id: 1
Current database: test
Query OK, 1 row affected (1\&.30 sec)
mysql> \fBSELECT * FROM t;\fR
+\-\-\-\-\-\-+
| a |
+\-\-\-\-\-\-+
| NULL |
+\-\-\-\-\-\-+
1 row in set (0\&.05 sec)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
The
@a
user variable has been lost with the connection, and after the reconnection it is undefined\&. If it is important to have
\fBmysql\fR
terminate with an error if the connection has been lost, you can start the
\fBmysql\fR
client with the
\fB\-\-skip\-reconnect\fR
option\&.
.PP
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.br
.PP
Copyright 2007-2008 MySQL AB, 2008-2010 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2010-2015 MariaDB Foundation
.PP
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
.PP
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
.PP
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
.sp
.SH "NOTES"
.IP " 1." 4
Bug#25946
.RS 4
\%http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=25946
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
For more information, please refer to the MariaDB Knowledge Base, available online at https://mariadb.com/kb/
.SH AUTHOR
MariaDB Foundation (http://www.mariadb.org/).
|