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-table.docinfo td, table.docinfo th { - padding-left: 0.5em ; - padding-right: 0.5em ; - vertical-align: top } - -table.docutils th.field-name, table.docinfo th.docinfo-name { - font-weight: bold ; - text-align: left ; - white-space: nowrap ; - padding-left: 0 } - -h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils, -h4 tt.docutils, h5 tt.docutils, h6 tt.docutils { - font-size: 100% } - -tt.docutils { - background-color: #eeeeee } - -ul.auto-toc { - list-style-type: none } - -</style> -<!-- configuration parameters --> -<meta name="defaultView" content="slideshow" /> -<meta name="controlVis" content="hidden" /> -<!-- style sheet links --> -<script src="ui/default/slides.js" type="text/javascript"></script> -<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/slides.css" - type="text/css" media="projection" id="slideProj" /> -<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/outline.css" - type="text/css" media="screen" id="outlineStyle" /> -<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/print.css" - type="text/css" media="print" id="slidePrint" /> -<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/opera.css" - type="text/css" media="projection" id="operaFix" /> - -<style type="text/css"> -#currentSlide {display: none;} -</style> -</head> -<body> -<div class="layout"> -<div id="controls"></div> -<div id="currentSlide"></div> -<div id="header"> - -</div> -<div id="footer"> -<h1>SciPy on WSGI</h1> -<h2>PyCon Uno 2007 - 09 June 2007</h2> -</div> -</div> -<div class="presentation"> -<div class="slide" id="slide0"> -<h1 class="title">SciPy on WSGI</h1> -<table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none"> -<col class="docinfo-name" /> -<col class="docinfo-content" /> -<tbody valign="top"> -<tr class="field"><th class="docinfo-name">Talk given at:</th><td class="field-body">PyCon Uno 2007</td> -</tr> -<tr class="field"><th class="docinfo-name">By:</th><td class="field-body">Michele Simionato</td> -</tr> -<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Organization:</th> -<td>StatPro Italy</td></tr> -<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Date:</th> -<td>2007-06-09</td></tr> -</tbody> -</table> -<!-- Definitions of interpreted text roles (classes) for S5/HTML data. --> -<!-- This data file has been placed in the public domain. --> -<!-- Colours -======= --> -<!-- Text Sizes -========== --> -<!-- Display in Slides (Presentation Mode) Only -========================================== --> -<!-- Display in Outline Mode Only -============================ --> -<!-- Display in Print Only -===================== --> -<!-- Incremental Display -=================== --> -<p class="center"><strong>Subtitle</strong>: <em>Science on the Web for pedestrians</em></p> - -</div> -<div class="slide" id="before-i-start"> -<h1>Before I start</h1> -<p>What about you?</p> -<p class="incremental">Are you more of a programmer or more of a scientist/engineer?</p> -<p class="incremental">What kind of scientific tools are you using, if any?</p> -<p class="incremental">Have you ever heard of SciPy?</p> -<p class="incremental">Have you ever heard of WSGI?</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="ok-now-i-can-begin"> -<h1>Ok, now I can begin ;)</h1> -<p>The motivation from this talk comes from a real problem at <a class="reference" href="http://www.statpro.com">StatPro</a></p> -<p class="incremental">we have bad histories for many financial products</p> -<p class="incremental">wrong prices at some dates in the past</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="a-picture"> -<h1>A picture</h1> -<img alt="badpricehistory.png" src="badpricehistory.png" /> -<p class="incremental">(damn data providers!)</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="discarding-values"> -<h1>Discarding values ...</h1> -<img alt="badpricehistory2.png" src="badpricehistory2.png" /> -<p>... is tricky!</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="issues"> -<h1>Issues</h1> -<p>We cannot use the conventional criterium</p> -<img alt="nongaussian.png" class="incremental" src="nongaussian.png" /> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="strategy"> -<h1>Strategy</h1> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>price distributions (ln p_i/p) are known to decay with power laws</li> -<li>fit the distributions with a "reasonable" curve and determine -a suitable criterium for the spikes at some confidence level</li> -<li>a reasonably simple ansatz gives a family of distributions depending -on a parameter delta</li> -<li><a class="reference" href="formulas.pdf">show formulae</a></li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="delta-distribution"> -<h1>delta-distribution</h1> -<img alt="delta-dist.png" src="delta-dist.png" /> -<p>From Dirac delta (delta -> 0) to Gaussian -distribution (delta -> oo)</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="cumulative-dist"> -<h1>Cumulative dist</h1> -<img alt="cdf-dist.png" src="cdf-dist.png" /> -<p>VAR-XX = Max loss at XX% confidence level [<a class="reference" href="http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp">i</a>]</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="relation-var-vol"> -<h1>Relation VAR-vol.</h1> -<p>If you assume a given distribution, there is a fixed relation between -VAR-XX and volatility</p> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>for the Gaussian VAR-95 = 1.64 sigma, for a lot of our distributions -VAR-95 < 1.0 sigma</li> -<li>we don't want to make assumptions on the distribution function -for computing the VAR</li> -<li>but we are willing to make assumptions for the sake of eliminating -statistically invalid values</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="the-tool-we-need"> -<h1>The tool we need</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -$ python simpleplotter.py "fri-gb;AVE" -</pre> -<p>(not 100% finished yet!)</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="enter-scipy-co"> -<h1>Enter SciPy & Co.</h1> -<p>In order to perform our analysis we looked -at many scientific tools</p> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>a good plotting tool (matplotlib)</li> -<li>support for histograms (matplotlib)</li> -<li>support for special functions (scipy.special)</li> -<li>support for non-linear fitting (scipy.leastsq)</li> -<li>good performance (scipy)</li> -<li>interactive and IPython-friendly (scipy)</li> -<li>bla-bla</li> -<li>cheating: I actually used Gnuplot!! ;-)</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="installation"> -<h1>Installation</h1> -<p>If you are lucky, it is trivial:</p> -<pre class="literal-block"> -$ apt-get install ipython -$ apt-get install python-matplotlib -$ apt-get install python-numpy -$ apt-get install python-numpy-ext -$ apt-get install python-scipy -</pre> -<p>If you are unlucky, or if you try to build from sources, -YMMV ...</p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="what-s-in-scipy"> -<h1>What's in Scipy</h1> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>support for multi-dimensional array (numpy)</li> -<li>linear algebra and minimization routines</li> -<li>solving, integration, interpolation, fitting</li> -<li>special functions and statistical functions</li> -<li>etc. etc.</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="special-functions"> -<h1>Special functions</h1> -<p>Airy Functions:</p> -<pre class="literal-block"> -airy ---Airy functions and their derivatives. -airye ---Exponentially scaled Airy functions -ai_zeros ---Zeros of Airy functions Ai(x) and Ai'(x) -bi_zeros ---Zeros of Airy functions Bi(x) and Bi'(x) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="elliptic-functions-and-integrals"> -<h1>Elliptic Functions and Integrals</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -ellipj ---Jacobian elliptic functions -ellipk ---Complete elliptic integral of the first kind. -ellipkinc ---Incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind. -ellipe ---Complete elliptic integral of the second kind. -ellipeinc ---Incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="bessel-functions"> -<h1>Bessel Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -jn ---Bessel function of integer order and real argument. -jv ---Bessel function of real-valued order and complex argument. -jve ---Exponentially scaled Bessel function. -yn ---Bessel function of second kind (integer order). -yv ---Bessel function of the second kind (real-valued order). -yve ---Exponentially scaled Bessel function of the second kind. -kn ---Modified Bessel function of the third kind (integer order). -kv ---Modified Bessel function of the third kind (real order). -kve ---Exponentially scaled modified Bessel function of the third kind. -iv ---Modified Bessel function. -ive ---Exponentially scaled modified Bessel function. -hankel1 ---Hankel function of the first kind. -hankel1e ---Exponentially scaled Hankel function of the first kind. -hankel2 ---Hankel function of the second kind. -hankel2e ---Exponentially scaled Hankel function of the second kind. - -lmbda ---Sequence of lambda functions with arbitrary order v. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="zeros-of-bessel-functions"> -<h1>Zeros of Bessel Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -jnjnp_zeros ---Zeros of integer-order Bessel functions and derivatives - sorted in order. -jnyn_zeros ---Zeros of integer-order Bessel functions and derivatives - as separate arrays. -jn_zeros ---Zeros of Jn(x) -jnp_zeros ---Zeros of Jn'(x) -yn_zeros ---Zeros of Yn(x) -ynp_zeros ---Zeros of Yn'(x) -y0_zeros ---Complex zeros: Y0(z0)=0 and values of Y0'(z0) -y1_zeros ---Complex zeros: Y1(z1)=0 and values of Y1'(z1) -y1p_zeros ---Complex zeros of Y1'(z1')=0 and values of Y1(z1') -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="faster-versions"> -<h1>Faster versions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -j0 ---Bessel function of order 0. -j1 ---Bessel function of order 1. -y0 ---Bessel function of second kind of order 0. -y1 ---Bessel function of second kind of order 1. -i0 ---Modified Bessel function of order 0. -i0e ---Exponentially scaled modified Bessel function of order 0. -i1 ---Modified Bessel function of order 1. -i1e ---Exponentially scaled modified Bessel function of order 1. -k0 ---Modified Bessel function of the third kind of order 0. -k0e ---Exponentially scaled modified Bessel function of the - third kind of order 0. -k1 ---Modified Bessel function of the third kind of order 1. -k1e ---Exponentially scaled modified Bessel function of the - third kind of order 1. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="integrals-of-bessel-functions"> -<h1>Integrals of Bessel Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -itj0y0 ---Basic integrals of j0 and y0 from 0 to x. -it2j0y0 ---Integrals of (1-j0(t))/t from 0 to x and - y0(t)/t from x to inf. -iti0k0 ---Basic integrals of i0 and k0 from 0 to x. -it2i0k0 ---Integrals of (i0(t)-1)/t from 0 to x and - k0(t)/t from x to inf. -besselpoly ---Integral of a bessel function: Jv(2*a*x) * x^lambda - from x=0 to 1. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="derivatives-of-bessel-functions"> -<h1>Derivatives of Bessel Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -jvp ---Nth derivative of Jv(v,z) -yvp ---Nth derivative of Yv(v,z) -kvp ---Nth derivative of Kv(v,z) -ivp ---Nth derivative of Iv(v,z) -h1vp ---Nth derivative of H1v(v,z) -h2vp ---Nth derivative of H2v(v,z) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="spherical-bessel-functions"> -<h1>Spherical Bessel Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -sph_jn ---Sequence of spherical Bessel functions, jn(z) -sph_yn ---Sequence of spherical Bessel functions, yn(z) -sph_jnyn ---Sequence of spherical Bessel functions, jn(z) and yn(z) -sph_in ---Sequence of spherical Bessel functions, in(z) -sph_kn ---Sequence of spherical Bessel functions, kn(z) -sph_inkn ---Sequence of spherical Bessel functions, in(z) and kn(z) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="riccati-bessel-fun"> -<h1>Riccati-Bessel Fun.</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -riccati_jn ---Sequence of Ricatti-Bessel functions - of first kind. -riccati_yn ---Sequence of Ricatti-Bessel functions - of second kind. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="struve-functions"> -<h1>Struve Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -struve ---Struve function --- Hv(x) -modstruve ---Modified struve function --- Lv(x) -itstruve0 ---Integral of H0(t) from 0 to x -it2struve0 ---Integral of H0(t)/t from x to Inf. -itmodstruve0 ---Integral of L0(t) from 0 to x. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="statistical-functions"> -<h1>Statistical Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -bdtr ---Sum of terms 0 through k of of the binomial pdf. -bdtrc ---Sum of terms k+1 through n of the binomial pdf. -bdtri ---Inverse of bdtr -btdtr ---Integral from 0 to x of beta pdf. -btdtri ---Quantiles of beta distribution -fdtr ---Integral from 0 to x of F pdf. -fdtrc ---Integral from x to infinity under F pdf. -fdtri ---Inverse of fdtrc -gdtr ---Integral from 0 to x of gamma pdf. -gdtrc ---Integral from x to infinity under gamma pdf. -gdtri ---Quantiles of gamma distribution -nbdtr ---Sum of terms 0 through k of the negative binomial pdf. -nbdtrc ---Sum of terms k+1 to infinity under negative binomial pdf. -nbdtri ---Inverse of nbdtr -pdtr ---Sum of terms 0 through k of the Poisson pdf. -pdtrc ---Sum of terms k+1 to infinity of the Poisson pdf. -pdtri ---Inverse of pdtr -stdtr ---Integral from -infinity to t of the Student-t pdf. -stdtri ---Inverse of stdtr (quantiles) -chdtr ---Integral from 0 to x of the Chi-square pdf. -chdtrc ---Integral from x to infnity of Chi-square pdf. -chdtri ---Inverse of chdtrc. -ndtr ---Integral from -infinity to x of standard normal pdf -ndtri ---Inverse of ndtr (quantiles) -smirnov ---Kolmogorov-Smirnov complementary CDF for one-sided - test statistic (Dn+ or Dn-) -smirnovi ---Inverse of smirnov. -kolmogorov ---The complementary CDF of the (scaled) two-sided test - statistic (Kn*) valid for large n. -kolmogi ---Inverse of kolmogorov -tklmbda ---Tukey-Lambda CDF -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="gamma-and-related-functions"> -<h1>Gamma and Related Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -gamma ---Gamma function. -gammaln ---Log of the absolute value of the gamma function. -gammainc ---Incomplete gamma integral. -gammaincinv ---Inverse of gammainc. -gammaincc ---Complemented incomplete gamma integral. -gammainccinv ---Inverse of gammaincc. -beta ---Beta function. -betaln ---Log of the absolute value of the beta function. -betainc ---Incomplete beta integral. -betaincinv ---Inverse of betainc. -betaincinva ---Inverse (in first argument, a) of betainc -betaincinvb ---Inverse (in first argument, b) of betainc -psi(digamma) ---Logarithmic derivative of the gamma function. -rgamma ---One divided by the gamma function. -polygamma ---Nth derivative of psi function. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="error-function-and-fresnel-int"> -<h1>Error Function and Fresnel Int.</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -erf ---Error function. -erfc ---Complemented error function (1- erf(x)) -erfinv ---Inverse of error function -erfcinv ---Inverse of erfc -erf_zeros ---Complex zeros of erf(z) -fresnel ---Fresnel sine and cosine integrals. -fresnel_zeros ---Complex zeros of both Fresnel integrals -fresnelc_zeros ---Complex zeros of fresnel cosine integrals -fresnels_zeros ---Complex zeros of fresnel sine integrals -modfresnelp ---Modified Fresnel integrals F_+(x) and K_+(x) -modfresnelm ---Modified Fresnel integrals F_-(x) and K_-(x) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="legendre-functions"> -<h1>Legendre Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -lpn ---Legendre Functions (polynomials) of the first kind -lqn ---Legendre Functions of the second kind. -lpmn ---Associated Legendre Function of the first kind. -lqmn ---Associated Legendre Function of the second kind. -lpmv ---Associated Legendre Function of arbitrary non-negative - degree v. -sph_harm ---Spherical Harmonics (complex-valued) Y^m_n(theta,phi) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="orthogonal-polyn"> -<h1>Orthogonal polyn.</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -legendre ---Legendre polynomial P_n(x) -chebyt ---Chebyshev polynomial T_n(x) -chebyu ---Chebyshev polynomial U_n(x) -chebyc ---Chebyshev polynomial C_n(x) -chebys ---Chebyshev polynomial S_n(x) -jacobi ---Jacobi polynomial P^(alpha,beta)_n(x) -laguerre ---Laguerre polynomial, L_n(x) -genlaguerre ---Generalized (Associated) Laguerre polynomial, L^alpha_n(x) -hermite ---Hermite polynomial H_n(x) -hermitenorm ---Normalized Hermite polynomial, He_n(x) -gegenbauer ---Gegenbauer (Ultraspherical) polynomials, C^(alpha)_n(x) -sh_legendre ---shifted Legendre polynomial, P*_n(x) -sh_chebyt ---shifted Chebyshev polynomial, T*_n(x) -sh_chebyu ---shifted Chebyshev polynomial, U*_n(x) -sh_jacobi ---shifted Jacobi polynomial, J*_n(x) = G^(p,q)_n(x) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="hypergeometric-functions"> -<h1>HyperGeometric Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -hyp2f1 ---Gauss hypergeometric function (2F1) -hyp1f1 ---Confluent hypergeometric function (1F1) -hyperu ---Confluent hypergeometric function (U) -hyp0f1 ---Confluent hypergeometric limit function (0F1) -hyp2f0 ---Hypergeometric function (2F0) -hyp1f2 ---Hypergeometric function (1F2) -hyp3f0 ---Hypergeometric function (3F0) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="parabolic-cylinder-functions"> -<h1>Parabolic Cylinder Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -pbdv ---Parabolic cylinder function Dv(x) and derivative. -pbvv ---Parabolic cylinder function Vv(x) and derivative. -pbwa ---Parabolic cylinder function W(a,x) and derivative. -pbdv_seq ---Sequence of parabolic cylinder functions Dv(x) -pbvv_seq ---Sequence of parabolic cylinder functions Vv(x) -pbdn_seq ---Sequence of parabolic cylinder functions Dn(z), complex z -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="mathieu-functions"> -<h1>Mathieu functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -mathieu_a ---Characteristic values for even solution (ce_m) -mathieu_b ---Characteristic values for odd solution (se_m) -mathieu_even_coef ---sequence of expansion coefficients for even solution -mathieu_odd_coef ---sequence of expansion coefficients for odd solution - ** All the following return both function and first derivative ** -mathieu_cem ---Even mathieu function -mathieu_sem ---Odd mathieu function -mathieu_modcem1 ---Even modified mathieu function of the first kind -mathieu_modcem2 ---Even modified mathieu function of the second kind -mathieu_modsem1 ---Odd modified mathieu function of the first kind -mathieu_modsem2 ---Odd modified mathieu function of the second kind -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="spheroidal-wave-functions"> -<h1>Spheroidal Wave Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -pro_ang1 ---Prolate spheroidal angular function of the first kind -pro_rad1 ---Prolate spheroidal radial function of the first kind -pro_rad2 ---Prolate spheroidal radial function of the second kind -obl_ang1 ---Oblate spheroidal angluar function of the first kind -obl_rad1 ---Oblate spheroidal radial function of the first kind -obl_rad2 ---Oblate spheroidal radial function of the second kind -pro_cv ---Compute characteristic value for prolate functions -obl_cv ---Compute characteristic value for oblate functions -pro_cv_seq ---Compute sequence of prolate characteristic values -obl_cv_seq ---Compute sequence of oblate characteristic values - ** The following functions require pre-computed characteristic values ** -pro_ang1_cv ---Prolate spheroidal angular function of the first kind -pro_rad1_cv ---Prolate spheroidal radial function of the first kind -pro_rad2_cv ---Prolate spheroidal radial function of the second kind -obl_ang1_cv ---Oblate spheroidal angluar function of the first kind -obl_rad1_cv ---Oblate spheroidal radial function of the first kind -obl_rad2_cv ---Oblate spheroidal radial function of the second kind -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="kelvin-functions"> -<h1>Kelvin Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -kelvin ---All Kelvin functions (order 0) and derivatives. -kelvin_zeros ---Zeros of All Kelvin functions (order 0) and derivatives -ber ---Kelvin function ber x -bei ---Kelvin function bei x -berp ---Derivative of Kelvin function ber x -beip ---Derivative of Kelvin function bei x -ker ---Kelvin function ker x -kei ---Kelvin function kei x -kerp ---Derivative of Kelvin function ker x -keip ---Derivative of Kelvin function kei x -ber_zeros ---Zeros of Kelvin function bei x -bei_zeros ---Zeros of Kelvin function ber x -berp_zeros ---Zeros of derivative of Kelvin function ber x -beip_zeros ---Zeros of derivative of Kelvin function bei x -ker_zeros ---Zeros of Kelvin function kei x -kei_zeros ---Zeros of Kelvin function ker x -kerp_zeros ---Zeros of derivative of Kelvin function ker x -keip_zeros ---Zeros of derivative of Kelvin function kei x -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="other-special-functions"> -<h1>Other Special Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -expn ---Exponential integral. -exp1 ---Exponential integral of order 1 (for complex argument) -expi ---Another exponential integral ---Ei(x) -wofz ---Fadeeva function. -dawsn ---Dawson's integral. -shichi ---Hyperbolic sine and cosine integrals. -sici ---Integral of the sinc and "cosinc" functions. -spence ---Dilogarithm integral. -zeta ---Riemann zeta function of two arguments. -zetac ---1.0 - standard Riemann zeta function. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="convenience-functions"> -<h1>Convenience Functions</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -cbrt ---Cube root. -exp10 ---10 raised to the x power. -exp2 ---2 raised to the x power. -radian ---radian angle given degrees, minutes, and seconds. -cosdg ---cosine of the angle given in degrees. -sindg ---sine of the angle given in degrees. -tandg ---tangent of the angle given in degrees. -cotdg ---cotangent of the angle given in degrees. -log1p ---log(1+x) -expm1 ---exp(x)-1 -cosm1 ---cos(x)-1 -round ---round the argument to the nearest integer. If argument - ends in 0.5 exactly, pick the nearest even integer. -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="and-more"> -<h1>... and more!</h1> -<p>but let us go back to our problem</p> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>at the present we are cleaning our histories in production with a -quick and dirty criterium;</li> -<li>we want to be able to see the histories case by case in order to take -specific actions;</li> -<li>we want to go on the Web (--> next)</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="going-on-the-web"> -<h1>Going on the Web</h1> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>we want a simple tool for internal usage on our intranet;</li> -<li>convenient to integrate with other Web tools;</li> -<li>usable also for non-techical users;</li> -<li>avoid installing and mantaining on every machine;</li> -<li>possibly we may open it to our other offices in the world;</li> -<li>we like the browser interface.</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="without-a-framework"> -<h1>Without a framework</h1> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>no security concerns;</li> -<li>no scalability concerns;</li> -<li>no nice-looking concerns;</li> -<li>it must be <em>EASY</em> to change;</li> -<li>we want minimal learning curve;</li> -<li>we want no installation/configuration hassle;</li> -<li>we want no dependencies;</li> -<li>we want something even simpler than CGI, if possible!</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="enter-wsgi"> -<h1>Enter WSGI</h1> -<ul class="incremental simple"> -<li>WSGI = Web Server Gateway Interface (<em>Whiskey</em> for friends)</li> -<li>the brainchild of Python guru Phillip J. Eby;</li> -<li>also input from Ian Bicking (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">paste</span></tt>) and others;</li> -<li>starting from Python 2.5, we have a WSGI web server in the standard -library (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">wsgiref</span></tt>);</li> -<li>there are plenty of simple and useful add-ons for WSGI applications -out there;</li> -<li>even <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">wsgiref</span></tt> fullfills all of our requirements, let's use it! -(following the example of <a class="reference" href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8502904076440714866">Guido</a> ...)</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="wsgi-key-concepts"> -<h1>WSGI key concepts</h1> -<ol class="incremental arabic"> -<li><p class="first">WSGI application:</p> -<p>(env, resp) -> chunks of text</p> -<p>env = environment dictionary of the server; -resp = function sending to the client the HTTP headers;</p> -</li> -<li><p class="first">WSGI middleware:</p> -<p>WSGI app -> enhanced WSGI app</p> -</li> -</ol> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="ex1-hello-world"> -<h1>Ex1: Hello World</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -from wsgiref import simple_server - -def app(env, resp): - resp( - '200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')]) - return ['<h1>Hello, World!</h1>'] - -server=simple_server.make_server('', 8000, app) -server.serve_forever() -</pre> -<p><a class="reference" href="http://localhost:8000">show live example</a></p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="ex2-middleware"> -<h1>Ex2: middleware</h1> -<p>No middleware in the standard library, but lots of useful middleware -from third party sources. For instance, authentication middleware:</p> -<pre class="literal-block"> -from paste.auth.basic import AuthBasicHandler - -def only_for_pippo(env, user, passwd): - return user == 'pippo' - -auth_app = AuthBasicHandler( - app, 'app realm', only_for_pippo) -</pre> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="other-middleware"> -<h1>Other middleware</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server -from paste.evalexception import EvalException - -a, b = 1,0 - -def app(env, resp): - resp('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')]) - return [str(a/b)] - -make_server('', 9090, EvalException(app)).serve_forever() -</pre> -<p>Show <a class="reference" href="http://localhost:9090">evalexception</a></p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="wsgi-vs-cgi"> -<h1>WSGI vs. CGI</h1> -<ul class="simple"> -<li>WSGI is simpler than CGI<ul> -<li><span class="incremental">using wsgiref you don't require an external server</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">you can keep sessions in memory</span></li> -</ul> -</li> -<li>WSGI scales better than CGI<ul> -<li><span class="incremental">there is a large choice of wsgi servers (mod_wsgi, Twisted ...)</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">there is a large choice of third party middleware</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">it is relatively easy to turn a toy application into a serious one</span></li> -</ul> -</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="wsgi-vs-frameworks"> -<h1>WSGI vs. frameworks</h1> -<p>Pro:</p> -<ul class="simple"> -<li><span class="incremental">if you liked playing with Lego, you will be happy</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">you have much more control and you are not forced to marry a technology</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">you can learn a lot</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">others ...</span></li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="id1"> -<h1>WSGI vs. frameworks</h1> -<p>Contra:</p> -<ul class="simple"> -<li><span class="incremental">you can build your own framework with WSGI, but you have to debug it</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">the existing WSGI frameworks are newer, there is less experience with them</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">WSGI is not particularly Twisted-friendly</span></li> -<li><span class="incremental">others ...</span></li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="the-history-plotter"> -<h1>The history plotter</h1> -<pre class="literal-block"> -$ python webplotter.py -</pre> -<p><a class="reference" href="http://localhost:8000">Click here for the live demonstration</a></p> -</div> -<div class="slide" id="references"> -<h1>References</h1> -<p>That's all, folks!</p> -<ul class="simple"> -<li><a class="reference" href="http://www.scipy.org">http://www.scipy.org</a></li> -<li><a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333">http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333</a></li> -<li><a class="reference" href="http://pythonpaste.org/do-it-yourself-framework.html">http://pythonpaste.org/do-it-yourself-framework.html</a></li> -</ul> -<p class="incremental"><strong>(P.S. at StatPro, we are hiring! ;)</strong></p> -</div> -</div> -</body> -</html> |