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diff --git a/jstests/core/resume_query_from_non_existent_record.js b/jstests/core/resume_query_from_non_existent_record.js
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/jstests/core/resume_query_from_non_existent_record.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Test that an error is raised when we try to resume a query from a record which doesn't exist.
+ *
+ * @tags: [
+ *  assumes_against_mongod_not_mongos,
+ *  requires_find_command,
+ *  multiversion_incompatible,
+ * ]
+ */
+
+(function() {
+"use strict";
+
+const collName = "resume_query_from_non_existent_record";
+const coll = db[collName];
+
+coll.drop();
+
+const testData = [{_id: 0, a: 1}, {_id: 1, a: 2}, {_id: 2, a: 3}];
+assert.commandWorked(coll.insert(testData));
+
+// Run the initial query and request to return a resume token. We're interested only in a single
+// document, so 'batchSize' is set to 1.
+let res = assert.commandWorked(
+    db.runCommand({find: collName, hint: {$natural: 1}, batchSize: 1, $_requestResumeToken: true}));
+assert.eq(1, res.cursor.firstBatch.length);
+assert.contains(res.cursor.firstBatch[0], testData);
+const savedData = res.cursor.firstBatch;
+
+// Make sure the query returned a resume token which will be used to resume the query from.
+assert.hasFields(res.cursor, ["postBatchResumeToken"]);
+const resumeToken = res.cursor.postBatchResumeToken;
+
+// Kill the cursor before attempting to resume.
+assert.commandWorked(db.runCommand({killCursors: collName, cursors: [res.cursor.id]}));
+
+// Try to resume the query from the saved resume token.
+res = assert.commandWorked(db.runCommand({
+    find: collName,
+    hint: {$natural: 1},
+    batchSize: 1,
+    $_requestResumeToken: true,
+    $_resumeAfter: resumeToken
+}));
+assert.eq(1, res.cursor.firstBatch.length);
+assert.contains(res.cursor.firstBatch[0], testData);
+assert.neq(savedData[0], res.cursor.firstBatch[0]);
+
+// Kill the cursor before attempting to resume.
+assert.commandWorked(db.runCommand({killCursors: collName, cursors: [res.cursor.id]}));
+
+// Delete a document which corresponds to the saved resume token, so that we can guarantee it does
+// not exist.
+assert.commandWorked(coll.remove({_id: savedData[0]._id}, {justOne: true}));
+
+// Try to resume the query from the same token and check that it fails to position the cursor to
+// the record specified in the resume token.
+assert.commandFailedWithCode(db.runCommand({
+    find: collName,
+    hint: {$natural: 1},
+    batchSize: 1,
+    $_requestResumeToken: true,
+    $_resumeAfter: resumeToken
+}),
+                             ErrorCodes.KeyNotFound);
+})();