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diff --git a/jstests/noPassthrough/change_streams_resume_same_clustertime_different_uuid.js b/jstests/noPassthrough/change_streams_resume_same_clustertime_different_uuid.js
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/jstests/noPassthrough/change_streams_resume_same_clustertime_different_uuid.js
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+/**
+ * Confirms that resuming from an event which has the same clusterTime but a different UUID than on
+ * another shard does not cause the resume attempt to be prematurely rejected. Reproduction script
+ * for the bug described in SERVER-40094.
+ * @tags: [requires_sharding, uses_change_streams]
+ */
+(function() {
+    "use strict";
+
+    // Asserts that the expected operation type and documentKey are found on the change stream
+    // cursor. Returns the change stream document.
+    function assertWriteVisible({cursor, opType, docKey}) {
+        assert.soon(() => cursor.hasNext());
+        const changeDoc = cursor.next();
+        assert.eq(opType, changeDoc.operationType, changeDoc);
+        assert.eq(docKey, changeDoc.documentKey, changeDoc);
+        return changeDoc;
+    }
+
+    // Create a new cluster with 2 shards. Disable periodic no-ops to ensure that we have control
+    // over the ordering of events across the cluster.
+    const st = new ShardingTest({
+        shards: 2,
+        rs: {nodes: 1, setParameter: {writePeriodicNoops: false, periodicNoopIntervalSecs: 1}}
+    });
+
+    // Create two databases. We will place one of these on each shard.
+    const mongosDB0 = st.s.getDB(`${jsTestName()}_0`);
+    const mongosDB1 = st.s.getDB(`${jsTestName()}_1`);
+    const adminDB = st.s.getDB("admin");
+
+    // Enable sharding on mongosDB0 and ensure its primary is shard0.
+    assert.commandWorked(mongosDB0.adminCommand({enableSharding: mongosDB0.getName()}));
+    st.ensurePrimaryShard(mongosDB0.getName(), st.rs0.getURL());
+
+    // Enable sharding on mongosDB1 and ensure its primary is shard1.
+    assert.commandWorked(mongosDB1.adminCommand({enableSharding: mongosDB1.getName()}));
+    st.ensurePrimaryShard(mongosDB1.getName(), st.rs1.getURL());
+
+    // Open a connection to a different collection on each shard. We use direct connections to
+    // ensure that the oplog timestamps across the shards overlap.
+    const coll0 = st.rs0.getPrimary().getCollection(`${mongosDB0.getName()}.test`);
+    const coll1 = st.rs1.getPrimary().getCollection(`${mongosDB1.getName()}.test`);
+
+    // Open a change stream on the test cluster. We will capture events in 'changeList'.
+    const changeStreamCursor = adminDB.aggregate([{$changeStream: {allChangesForCluster: true}}]);
+    const changeList = [];
+
+    // Insert ten documents on each shard, alternating between the two collections.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
+        const coll = (i % 2 ? coll1 : coll0);
+        assert.commandWorked(coll.insert({shard: (i % 2)}));
+    }
+
+    // Verify that each shard now has ten total documents present in the associated collection.
+    assert.eq(st.rs0.getPrimary().getCollection(coll0.getFullName()).count(), 10);
+    assert.eq(st.rs1.getPrimary().getCollection(coll1.getFullName()).count(), 10);
+
+    // Read the stream of events, capture them in 'changeList', and confirm that all events occurred
+    // at or later than the clusterTime of the first event. Unfortunately, we cannot guarantee that
+    // corresponding events occurred at the same clusterTime on both shards; we expect, however,
+    // that this will be true in the vast majority of runs, and so there is value in testing.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 19; ++i) {
+        assert.soon(() => changeStreamCursor.hasNext());
+        changeList.push(changeStreamCursor.next());
+    }
+    const clusterTime = changeList[0].clusterTime;
+    for (let event of changeList) {
+        assert.gte(event.clusterTime, clusterTime);
+    }
+
+    // Test that resuming from each event returns the expected set of subsequent documents.
+    for (let i = 0; i < changeList.length; ++i) {
+        const resumeCursor = adminDB.aggregate(
+            [{$changeStream: {allChangesForCluster: true, resumeAfter: changeList[i]._id}}]);
+
+        // Confirm that the first event in the resumed stream matches the next event recorded in
+        // 'changeList' from the original stream. The order of the events should be stable across
+        // resumes from any point.
+        for (let x = (i + 1); x < changeList.length; ++x) {
+            const expectedChangeDoc = changeList[x];
+            assertWriteVisible({
+                cursor: resumeCursor,
+                opType: expectedChangeDoc.operationType,
+                docKey: expectedChangeDoc.documentKey
+            });
+        }
+        resumeCursor.close();
+    }
+
+    st.stop();
+})();