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diff --git a/doc/rst/legacy/reference/nss_tools__colon__certutil/index.rst b/doc/rst/legacy/reference/nss_tools__colon__certutil/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..485b0d408 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rst/legacy/reference/nss_tools__colon__certutil/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,845 @@ +.. _mozilla_projects_nss_reference_nss_tools_:_certutil: + +NSS tools : certutil +==================== + +.. container:: + + | Name + | certutil — Manage keys and certificate in both NSS databases and other NSS tokens + | Synopsis + | certutil [options] [[arguments]] + | Description + | The Certificate Database Tool, certutil, is a command-line utility + | that can create and modify certificate and key databases. + | It can specifically list, generate, modify, or delete certificates, create or + | change the password, generate new public and private key pairs, + | display the contents of the key database, or delete key pairs within the key database. + | Certificate issuance, part of the key and certificate management process, requires that + | keys and certificates be created in the key database. This document discusses certificate + | and key database management. For information on the security module database management, + | see the modutil manpage. + | Options and Arguments + | Running certutil always requires one and only one command option to + | specify the type of certificate operation. Each option may take arguments, + | anywhere from none to multiple arguments. The command option -H will list + | all the command options available and their relevant arguments. + | Command Options + | -A + | Add an existing certificate to a certificate database. + | The certificate database should already exist; if one is + | not present, this command option will initialize one by default. + | -B + | Run a series of commands from the specified batch file. + | This requires the -i argument. + | -C + | Create a new binary certificate file from a binary + | certificate request file. Use the -i argument to specify + | the certificate request file. If this argument is not + | used, certutil prompts for a filename. + | -D + | Delete a certificate from the certificate database. + + | --rename + | Change the database nickname of a certificate. + + | + | -E + | Add an email certificate to the certificate database. + | -F + | Delete a private key from a key database. Specify the + | key to delete with the -n argument. Specify the database + | from which to delete the key with the -d argument. Use + | the -k argument to specify explicitly whether to delete + | a DSA, RSA, or ECC key. If you don't use the -k + | argument, the option looks for an RSA key matching the + | specified nickname. + | When you delete keys, be sure to also remove any + | certificates associated with those keys from the + | certificate database, by using -D. Some smart cards (for + | example, the Litronic card) do not let you remove a + | public key you have generated. In such a case, only the + | private key is deleted from the key pair. You can + | display the public key with the command certutil -K -h + | tokenname. + | -G + | Generate a new public and private key pair within a key + | database. The key database should already exist; if one + | is not present, this option will initialize one by + | default. Some smart cards (for example, the Litronic + | card) can store only one key pair. If you create a new + | key pair for such a card, the previous pair is + | overwritten. + | -H + | Display a list of the options and arguments used by the + | Certificate Database Tool. + | -K + | List the key ID of keys in the key database. A key ID is + | the modulus of the RSA key or the publicValue of the DSA + | key. IDs are displayed in hexadecimal ("0x" is not + | shown). + | -L + | List all the certificates, or display information about + | a named certificate, in a certificate database. Use the + | -h tokenname argument to specify the certificate + | database on a particular hardware or software token. + | -M + | Modify a certificate's trust attributes using the values + | of the -t argument. + | -N + | Create new certificate and key databases. + | -O + | Print the certificate chain. + | -R + | Create a certificate request file that can be submitted + | to a Certificate Authority (CA) for processing into a + | finished certificate. Output defaults to standard out + | unless you use -o output-file argument. Use the -a + | argument to specify ASCII output. + | -S + | Create an individual certificate and add it to a + | certificate database. + | -T + | Reset the key database or token. + | -U + | List all available modules or print a single named + | module. + | -V + | Check the validity of a certificate and its attributes. + | -W + | Change the password to a key database. + | --merge + | Merge two databases into one. + | --upgrade-merge + | Upgrade an old database and merge it into a new + | database. This is used to migrate legacy NSS databases + | (cert8.db and key3.db) into the newer SQLite databases + | (cert9.db and key4.db). + | Arguments + | Arguments modify a command option and are usually lower case, numbers, or symbols. + | -a + | Use ASCII format or allow the use of ASCII format for + | input or output. This formatting follows RFC 1113. For + | certificate requests, ASCII output defaults to standard + | output unless redirected. + | -b validity-time + | Specify a time at which a certificate is required to be + | valid. Use when checking certificate validity with the + | -V option. The format of the validity-time argument is + | YYMMDDHHMMSS[+HHMM|-HHMM|Z], which allows offsets to be + | set relative to the validity end time. Specifying + | seconds (SS) is optional. When specifying an explicit + | time, use a Z at the end of the term, YYMMDDHHMMSSZ, to + | close it. When specifying an offset time, use + | YYMMDDHHMMSS+HHMM or YYMMDDHHMMSS-HHMM for adding or + | subtracting time, respectively. + | If this option is not used, the validity check defaults + | to the current system time. + | -c issuer + | Identify the certificate of the CA from which a new + | certificate will derive its authenticity. Use the exact + | nickname or alias of the CA certificate, or use the CA's + | email address. Bracket the issuer string with quotation + | marks if it contains spaces. + | -d [prefix]directory + | Specify the database directory containing the + | certificate and key database files. + | certutil supports two types of databases: the legacy + | security databases (cert8.db, key3.db, and secmod.db) + | and new SQLite databases (cert9.db, key4.db, and + | pkcs11.txt). + + NSS recognizes the following prefixes: + + · sql: requests the newer database + + · dbm: requests the legacy database + + | If no prefix is specified the default type is retrieved from NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE. If + NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE is not set + | then dbm: is the default. + + | --dump-ext-val OID + | For single cert, print binary DER encoding of extension OID. + | -e + | Check a certificate's signature during the process of + | validating a certificate. + + | --email email-address + | Specify the email address of a certificate to list. Used with the -L command option. + + | --extGeneric OID:critical-flag:filename[,OID:critical-flag:filename]... + | Add one or multiple extensions that certutil cannot encode yet, by loading their + encodings from external files. + + · OID (example): 1.2.3.4 + + · critical-flag: critical or not-critical + + · filename: full path to a file containing an encoded extension + + | + | -f password-file + | Specify a file that will automatically supply the + | password to include in a certificate or to access a + | certificate database. This is a plain-text file + | containing one password. Be sure to prevent unauthorized + | access to this file. + | -g keysize + | Set a key size to use when generating new public and + | private key pairs. The minimum is 512 bits and the + | maximum is 16384 bits. The default is 2048 bits. Any size + | between the minimum and maximum is allowed. + | -h tokenname + | Specify the name of a token to use or act on. Unless + | specified otherwise the default token is an internal + | slot. + | -i input_file + | Pass an input file to the command. Depending on the + | command option, an input file can be a specific + | certificate, a certificate request file, or a batch file + | of commands. + | -k rsa|dsa|ec|all + | Specify the type of a key. The valid options are RSA, + | DSA, ECC, or all. The default value is rsa. Specifying + | the type of key can avoid mistakes caused by duplicate + | nicknames. + | -k key-type-or-id + | Specify the type or specific ID of a key. + + | The valid key type options are rsa, dsa, ec, or all. The default value is rsa. + Specifying the type of key can avoid + | mistakes caused by duplicate nicknames. Giving a key type generates a new key pair; + giving the ID of an existing key + | reuses that key pair (which is required to renew certificates). + | -l + | Display detailed information when validating a + | certificate with the -V option. + | -m serial-number + | Assign a unique serial number to a certificate being created. This operation should + be performed by a CA. If no + | serial number is provided a default serial number is made from the current time. + Serial numbers are limited to + | integers. + | -n nickname + | Specify the nickname of a certificate or key to list, + | create, add to a database, modify, or validate. Bracket + | the nickname string with quotation marks if it contains + | spaces. + | -o output-file + | Specify the output file name for new certificates or + | binary certificate requests. Bracket the output-file + | string with quotation marks if it contains spaces. If + | this argument is not used the output destination + | defaults to standard output. + | -P dbPrefix + | Specify the prefix used on the certificate and key + | database file. This argument is provided to support + | legacy servers. Most applications do not use a database prefix. + | -p phone + | Specify a contact telephone number to include in new + | certificates or certificate requests. Bracket this + | string with quotation marks if it contains spaces. + | -q pqgfile or curve-name + | Read an alternate PQG value from the specified file when generating DSA key pairs. + | If this argument is not used,certutil generates its own PQG value. PQG files are + created with a separate DSA utility. + + Elliptic curve name is one of the ones from SUITE B: nistp256, nistp384, nistp521 + + | If NSS has been compiled with support curves outside of SUITE B: sect163k1, + nistk163, sect163r1, sect163r2, nistb163, + | sect193r1, sect193r2, sect233k1, nistk233, sect233r1, nistb233, sect239k1, + sect283k1, nistk283, sect283r1, nistb283, + | sect409k1, nistk409, sect409r1, nistb409, sect571k1, nistk571, sect571r1, nistb571, + secp160k1, secp160r1, secp160r2, + | secp192k1, secp192r1, nistp192, secp224k1, secp224r1, nistp224, secp256k1, + secp256r1, secp384r1, secp521r1, + | prime192v1, prime192v2, prime192v3, prime239v1, prime239v2, prime239v3, c2pnb163v1, + c2pnb163v2, c2pnb163v3, + | c2pnb176v1, c2tnb191v1, c2tnb191v2, c2tnb191v3, c2pnb208w1, c2tnb239v1, c2tnb239v2, + c2tnb239v3, c2pnb272w1, + | c2pnb304w1, c2tnb359w1, c2pnb368w1, c2tnb431r1, secp112r1, secp112r2, secp128r1, + secp128r2, sect113r1, sect113r2 + | sect131r1, sect131r2 + + | + | -r + | Display a certificate's binary DER encoding when listing + | information about that certificate with the -L option. + | -s subject + | Identify a particular certificate owner for new + | certificates or certificate requests. Bracket this + | string with quotation marks if it contains spaces. The + | subject identification format follows RFC #1485. + | -t trustargs + | Specify the trust attributes to modify in an existing + | certificate or to apply to a certificate when creating + | it or adding it to a database. There are three available + | trust categories for each certificate, expressed in the + | order SSL, email, object signing for each trust setting. + | In each category position, use none, any, or all of the + | attribute codes: + | + p - Valid peer + | + P - Trusted peer (implies p) + | + c - Valid CA + | + T - Trusted CA to issue client certificates (implies + | c) + | + C - Trusted CA to issue server certificates (SSL only) + | (implies c) + | + u - Certificate can be used for authentication or + | signing + | + w - Send warning (use with other attributes to include + | a warning when the certificate is used in that + | context) + | The attribute codes for the categories are separated by + | commas, and the entire set of attributes enclosed by + | quotation marks. For example: + | -t "TC,C,T" + | Use the -L option to see a list of the current + | certificates and trust attributes in a certificate + | database. + + | Note that the output of the -L option may include "u" flag, which means that there + is a private key associated with + | the certificate. It is a dynamic flag and you cannot set it with certutil. + | -u certusage + | Specify a usage context to apply when validating a + | certificate with the -V option. + | The contexts are the following: + + · C (as an SSL client) + + · V (as an SSL server) + + · L (as an SSL CA) + + · A (as Any CA) + + · Y (Verify CA) + + · S (as an email signer) + + · R (as an email recipient) + + · O (as an OCSP status responder) + + · J (as an object signer) + + | + | -v valid-months + | Set the number of months a new certificate will be + | valid. The validity period begins at the current system + | time unless an offset is added or subtracted with the -w + | option. If this argument is not used, the default + | validity period is three months. When this argument is + | used, the default three-month period is automatically + | added to any value given in the valid-month argument. + | For example, using this option to set a value of 3 would + | cause 3 to be added to the three-month default, creating + | a validity period of six months. You can use negative + | values to reduce the default period. For example, + | setting a value of -2 would subtract 2 from the default + | and create a validity period of one month. + | -w offset-months + | Set an offset from the current system time, in months, + | for the beginning of a certificate's validity period. + | Use when creating the certificate or adding it to a + | database. Express the offset in integers, using a minus + | sign (-) to indicate a negative offset. If this argument + | is not used, the validity period begins at the current + | system time. The length of the validity period is set + | with the -v argument. + | -X + | Force the key and certificate database to open in + | read-write mode. This is used with the -U and -L command + | options. + | -x + | Use certutil to generate the signature for a certificate + | being created or added to a database, rather than + | obtaining a signature from a separate CA. + | -y exp + | Set an alternate exponent value to use in generating a + | new RSA public key for the database, instead of the + | default value of 65537. The available alternate values + | are 3 and 17. + | -z noise-file + | Read a seed value from the specified file to generate a + | new private and public key pair. This argument makes it + | possible to use hardware-generated seed values or + | manually create a value from the keyboard. The minimum + | file size is 20 bytes. + | -0 SSO_password + | Set a site security officer password on a token. + | -1 \| --keyUsage keyword,keyword + | Set a Netscape Certificate Type Extension in the + | certificate. There are several available keywords: + | + digital signature + | + nonRepudiation + | + keyEncipherment + | + dataEncipherment + | + keyAgreement + | + certSigning + | + crlSigning + | + critical + | -2 + | Add a basic constraint extension to a certificate that + | is being created or added to a database. This extension + | supports the certificate chain verification process. + | certutil prompts for the certificate constraint + | extension to select. + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | -3 + | Add an authority key ID extension to a certificate that + | is being created or added to a database. This extension + | supports the identification of a particular certificate, + | from among multiple certificates associated with one + | subject name, as the correct issuer of a certificate. + | The Certificate Database Tool will prompt you to select + | the authority key ID extension. + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | -4 + | Add a CRL distribution point extension to a certificate + | that is being created or added to a database. This + | extension identifies the URL of a certificate's + | associated certificate revocation list (CRL). certutil + | prompts for the URL. + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | -5 \| --nsCertType keyword,keyword + | Add a Netscape certificate type extension to a + | certificate that is being created or added to the + | database. There are several available keywords: + | + sslClient + | + sslServer + | + smime + | + objectSigning + | + sslCA + | + smimeCA + | + objectSigningCA + | + critical + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | -6 \| --extKeyUsage keyword,keyword + | Add an extended key usage extension to a certificate + | that is being created or added to the database. Several + | keywords are available: + | + serverAuth + | + clientAuth + | + codeSigning + | + emailProtection + | + timeStamp + | + ocspResponder + | + stepUp + | + critical + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | -7 emailAddrs + | Add a comma-separated list of email addresses to the + | subject alternative name extension of a certificate or + | certificate request that is being created or added to + | the database. Subject alternative name extensions are + | described in Section 4.2.1.7 of RFC 3280. + | -8 dns-names + | Add a comma-separated list of DNS names to the subject + | alternative name extension of a certificate or + | certificate request that is being created or added to + | the database. Subject alternative name extensions are + | described in Section 4.2.1.7 of RFC 3280. + | --extAIA + | Add the Authority Information Access extension to the + | certificate. X.509 certificate extensions are described + | in RFC 5280. + | --extSIA + | Add the Subject Information Access extension to the + | certificate. X.509 certificate extensions are described + | in RFC 5280. + | --extCP + | Add the Certificate Policies extension to the + | certificate. X.509 certificate extensions are described + | in RFC 5280. + | --extPM + | Add the Policy Mappings extension to the certificate. + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | --extPC + | Add the Policy Constraints extension to the certificate. + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | --extIA + | Add the Inhibit Any Policy Access extension to the + | certificate. X.509 certificate extensions are described + | in RFC 5280. + | --extSKID + | Add the Subject Key ID extension to the certificate. + | X.509 certificate extensions are described in RFC 5280. + | --source-dir certdir + | Identify the certificate database directory to upgrade. + | --source-prefix certdir + | Give the prefix of the certificate and key databases to + | upgrade. + | --upgrade-id uniqueID + | Give the unique ID of the database to upgrade. + | --upgrade-token-name name + | Set the name of the token to use while it is being + | upgraded. + | -@ pwfile + | Give the name of a password file to use for the database + | being upgraded. + | Usage and Examples + | Most of the command options in the examples listed here have + | more arguments available. The arguments included in these + | examples are the most common ones or are used to illustrate a + | specific scenario. Use the -H option to show the complete list + | of arguments for each command option. + | Creating New Security Databases + | Certificates, keys, and security modules related to managing + | certificates are stored in three related databases: + | \* cert8.db or cert9.db + | \* key3.db or key4.db + | \* secmod.db or pkcs11.txt + | These databases must be created before certificates or keys can + | be generated. + | certutil -N -d [sql:]directory + | Creating a Certificate Request + | A certificate request contains most or all of the information + | that is used to generate the final certificate. This request is + | submitted separately to a certificate authority and is then + | approved by some mechanism (automatically or by human review). + | Once the request is approved, then the certificate is + | generated. + | $ certutil -R -k key-type-or-id [-q pqgfile|curve-name] -g key-size -s s + | ubject [-h tokenname] -d [sql:]directory [-p phone] [-o output-file] [-a + | ] + | The -R command options requires four arguments: + | \* -k to specify either the key type to generate or, when + | renewing a certificate, the existing key pair to use + | \* -g to set the keysize of the key to generate + | \* -s to set the subject name of the certificate + | \* -d to give the security database directory + | The new certificate request can be output in ASCII format (-a) + | or can be written to a specified file (-o). + | For example: + | $ certutil -R -k ec -q nistb409 -g 512 -s "CN=John Smith,O=Example Corp, + | L=Mountain View,ST=California,C=US" -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -p 650-5 + | 55-0123 -a -o cert.cer + | Generating key. This may take a few moments... + | Certificate request generated by Netscape + | Phone: 650-555-0123 + | Common Name: John Smith + | Email: (not ed) + | Organization: Example Corp + | State: California + | Country: US + | -----BEGIN NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- + | MIIBIDCBywIBADBmMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECBMKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEW + | MBQGA1UEBxMNTW91bnRhaW4gVmlldzEVMBMGA1UEChMMRXhhbXBsZSBDb3JwMRMw + | EQYDVQQDEwpKb2huIFNtaXRoMFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAMVUpDOZ + | KmHnOx7reP8Cc0Lk+fFWEuYIDX9W5K/BioQOKvEjXyQZhit9aThzBVMoSf1Y1S8J + | CzdUbCg1+IbnXaECAwEAAaAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA0EAryqZvpYrUtQ486Ny + | qmtyQNjIi1F8c1Z+TL4uFYlMg8z6LG/J/u1E5t1QqB5e9Q4+BhRbrQjRR1JZx3tB + | 1hP9Gg== + | -----END NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- + | Creating a Certificate + | A valid certificate must be issued by a trusted CA. This can be + | done by specifying a CA certificate (-c) that is stored in the + | certificate database. If a CA key pair is not available, you + | can create a self-signed certificate using the -x argument with + | the -S command option. + | $ certutil -S -k rsa|dsa|ec -n certname -s subject [-c issuer \|-x] -t tr + | ustargs -d [sql:]directory [-m serial-number] [-v valid-months] [-w offs + | et-months] [-p phone] [-1] [-2] [-3] [-4] [-5 keyword] [-6 keyword] [-7 + | emailAddress] [-8 dns-names] [--extAIA] [--extSIA] [--extCP] [--extPM] [ + | --extPC] [--extIA] [--extSKID] + | The series of numbers and --ext\* options set certificate + | extensions that can be added to the certificate when it is + | generated by the CA. + | For example, this creates a self-signed certificate: + | $ certutil -S -s "CN=Example CA" -n my-ca-cert -x -t "C,C,C" -1 -2 -5 -m + | 3650 + | From there, new certificates can reference the self-signed + | certificate: + | $ certutil -S -s "CN=My Server Cert" -n my-server-cert -c "my-ca-cert" - + | t "u,u,u" -1 -5 -6 -8 -m 730 + | Generating a Certificate from a Certificate Request + | When a certificate request is created, a certificate can be + | generated by using the request and then referencing a + | certificate authority signing certificate (the issuer specified + | in the -c argument). The issuing certificate must be in the + | certificate database in the specified directory. + | certutil -C -c issuer -i cert-request-file -o output-file [-m serial-num + | ber] [-v valid-months] [-w offset-months] -d [sql:]directory [-1] [-2] [ + | -3] [-4] [-5 keyword] [-6 keyword] [-7 emailAddress] [-8 dns-names] + | For example: + | $ certutil -C -c "my-ca-cert" -i /home/certs/cert.req -o cert.cer -m 010 + | -v 12 -w 1 -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -1 nonRepudiation,dataEncipherme + | nt -5 sslClient -6 clientAuth -7 jsmith@example.com + | Generating Key Pairs + | Key pairs are generated automatically with a certificate + | request or certificate, but they can also be generated + | independently using the -G command option. + | certutil -G -d [sql:]directory \| -h tokenname -k key-type -g key-size [- + | y exponent-value] -q pqgfile|curve-name + | For example: + | $ certutil -G -h lunasa -k ec -g 256 -q sect193r2 + | Listing Certificates + | The -L command option lists all of the certificates listed in + | the certificate database. The path to the directory (-d) is + | required. + | $ certutil -L -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb + | Certificate Nickname Trust Attri + | butes + | SSL,S/MIME, + | JAR/XPI + | CA Administrator of Instance pki-ca1's Example Domain ID u,u,u + | TPS Administrator's Example Domain ID u,u,u + | Google Internet Authority ,, + | Certificate Authority - Example Domain CT,C,C + | Using additional arguments with -L can return and print the + | information for a single, specific certificate. For example, + | the -n argument passes the certificate name, while the -a + | argument prints the certificate in ASCII format: + | $ certutil -L -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -a -n "Certificate Authority - + | Example Domain" + | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- + | MIIDmTCCAoGgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADA5MRcwFQYDVQQKEw5FeGFt + | cGxlIERvbWFpbjEeMBwGA1UEAxMVQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5MB4XDTEw + | MDQyOTIxNTY1OFoXDTEyMDQxODIxNTY1OFowOTEXMBUGA1UEChMORXhhbXBsZSBE + | b21haW4xHjAcBgNVBAMTFUNlcnRpZmljYXRlIEF1dGhvcml0eTCCASIwDQYJKoZI + | hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAO/bqUli2KwqXFKmMMG93KN1SANzNTXA/Vlf + | Tmrih3hQgjvR1ktIY9aG6cB7DSKWmtHp/+p4PUCMqL4ZrSGt901qxkePyZ2dYmM2 + | RnelK+SEUIPiUtoZaDhNdiYsE/yuDE8vQWj0vHCVL0w72qFUcSQ/WZT7FCrnUIUI + | udeWnoPSUn70gLhcj/lvxl7K9BHyD4Sq5CzktwYtFWLiiwV+ZY/Fl6JgbGaQyQB2 + | bP4iRMfloGqsxGuB1evWVDF1haGpFDSPgMnEPSLg3/3dXn+HDJbZ29EU8/xKzQEb + | 3V0AHKbu80zGllLEt2Zx/WDIrgJEN9yMfgKFpcmL+BvIRsmh0VsCAwEAAaOBqzCB + | qDAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBQATgxHQyRUfKIZtdp55bZlFr+tFzAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTAD + | AQH/MA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBxjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUAE4MR0MkVHyiGbXaeeW2ZRa/ + | rRcwRQYIKwYBBQUHAQEEOTA3MDUGCCsGAQUFBzABhilodHRwOi8vbG9jYWxob3N0 + | LmxvY2FsZG9tYWluOjkxODAvY2Evb2NzcDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAi8Gk + | L3XO43u7/TDOeEsWPmq+jZsDZ3GZ85Ajt3KROLWeKVZZZa2E2Hnsvf2uXbk5amKe + | lRxdSeRH9g85pv4KY7Z8xZ71NrI3+K3uwmnqkc6t0hhYb1mw/gx8OAAoluQx3biX + | JBDxjI73Cf7XUopplHBjjiwyGIJUO8BEZJ5L+TF4P38MJz1snLtzZpEAX5bl0U76 + | bfu/tZFWBbE8YAWYtkCtMcalBPj6jn2WD3M01kGozW4mmbvsj1cRB9HnsGsqyHCu + | U0ujlL1H/RWcjn607+CTeKH9jLMUqCIqPJNOa+kq/6F7NhNRRiuzASIbZc30BZ5a + | nI7q5n1USM3eWQlVXw== + | -----END CERTIFICATE----- + | Listing Keys + | Keys are the original material used to encrypt certificate + | data. The keys generated for certificates are stored + | separately, in the key database. + | To list all keys in the database, use the -K command option and + | the (required) -d argument to give the path to the directory. + | $ certutil -K -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb + | certutil: Checking token "NSS Certificate DB" in slot "NSS User Private + | Key and Certificate Services " + | < 0> rsa 455a6673bde9375c2887ec8bf8016b3f9f35861d Thawte Freemail + | Member's Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd. ID + | < 1> rsa 40defeeb522ade11090eacebaaf1196a172127df Example Domain + | Administrator Cert + | < 2> rsa 1d0b06f44f6c03842f7d4f4a1dc78b3bcd1b85a5 John Smith user + | cert + | There are ways to narrow the keys listed in the search results: + | \* To return a specific key, use the -n name argument with the + | name of the key. + | \* If there are multiple security devices loaded, then the -h + | tokenname argument can search a specific token or all + | tokens. + | \* If there are multiple key types available, then the -k + | key-type argument can search a specific type of key, like + | RSA, DSA, or ECC. + | Listing Security Modules + | The devices that can be used to store certificates -- both + | internal databases and external devices like smart cards -- are + | recognized and used by loading security modules. The -U command + | option lists all of the security modules listed in the + | secmod.db database. The path to the directory (-d) is required. + | $ certutil -U -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb + | slot: NSS User Private Key and Certificate Services + | token: NSS Certificate DB + | slot: NSS Internal Cryptographic Services + | token: NSS Generic Crypto Services + | Adding Certificates to the Database + | Existing certificates or certificate requests can be added + | manually to the certificate database, even if they were + | generated elsewhere. This uses the -A command option. + | certutil -A -n certname -t trustargs -d [sql:]directory [-a] [-i input-f + | ile] + | For example: + | $ certutil -A -n "CN=My SSL Certificate" -t "u,u,u" -d sql:/home/my/shar + | ednssdb -i /home/example-certs/cert.cer + | A related command option, -E, is used specifically to add email + | certificates to the certificate database. The -E command has + | the same arguments as the -A command. The trust arguments for + | certificates have the format SSL,S/MIME,Code-signing, so the + | middle trust settings relate most to email certificates (though + | the others can be set). For example: + | $ certutil -E -n "CN=John Smith Email Cert" -t ",Pu," -d sql:/home/my/sh + | arednssdb -i /home/example-certs/email.cer + | Deleting Certificates to the Database + | Certificates can be deleted from a database using the -D + | option. The only required options are to give the security + | database directory and to identify the certificate nickname. + | certutil -D -d [sql:]directory -n "nickname" + | For example: + | $ certutil -D -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -n "my-ssl-cert" + | Validating Certificates + | A certificate contains an expiration date in itself, and + | expired certificates are easily rejected. However, certificates + | can also be revoked before they hit their expiration date. + | Checking whether a certificate has been revoked requires + | validating the certificate. Validation can also be used to + | ensure that the certificate is only used for the purposes it + | was initially issued for. Validation is carried out by the -V + | command option. + | certutil -V -n certificate-name [-b time] [-e] [-u cert-usage] -d [sql:] + | directory + | For example, to validate an email certificate: + | $ certutil -V -n "John Smith's Email Cert" -e -u S,R -d sql:/home/my/sha + | rednssdb + | Modifying Certificate Trust Settings + | The trust settings (which relate to the operations that a + | certificate is allowed to be used for) can be changed after a + | certificate is created or added to the database. This is + | especially useful for CA certificates, but it can be performed + | for any type of certificate. + | certutil -M -n certificate-name -t trust-args -d [sql:]directory + | For example: + | $ certutil -M -n "My CA Certificate" -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -t "CTu + | ,CTu,CTu" + | Printing the Certificate Chain + | Certificates can be issued in chains because every certificate + | authority itself has a certificate; when a CA issues a + | certificate, it essentially stamps that certificate with its + | own fingerprint. The -O prints the full chain of a certificate, + | going from the initial CA (the root CA) through ever + | intermediary CA to the actual certificate. For example, for an + | email certificate with two CAs in the chain: + | $ certutil -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -O -n "jsmith@example.com" + | "Builtin Object Token:Thawte Personal Freemail CA" [E=personal-freemail@ + | thawte.com,CN=Thawte Personal Freemail CA,OU=Certification Services Divi + | sion,O=Thawte Consulting,L=Cape Town,ST=Western Cape,C=ZA] + | "Thawte Personal Freemail Issuing CA - Thawte Consulting" [CN=Thawte P + | ersonal Freemail Issuing CA,O=Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd.,C=ZA] + | "(null)" [E=jsmith@example.com,CN=Thawte Freemail Member] + | Resetting a Token + | The device which stores certificates -- both external hardware + | devices and internal software databases -- can be blanked and + | reused. This operation is performed on the device which stores + | the data, not directly on the security databases, so the + | location must be referenced through the token name (-h) as well + | as any directory path. If there is no external token used, the + | default value is internal. + | certutil -T -d [sql:]directory -h token-name -0 security-officer-passwor + | d + | Many networks have dedicated personnel who handle changes to + | security tokens (the security officer). This person must supply + | the password to access the specified token. For example: + | $ certutil -T -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -h nethsm -0 secret + | Upgrading or Merging the Security Databases + | Many networks or applications may be using older BerkeleyDB + | versions of the certificate database (cert8.db). Databases can + | be upgraded to the new SQLite version of the database + | (cert9.db) using the --upgrade-merge command option or existing + | databases can be merged with the new cert9.db databases using + | the ---merge command. + | The --upgrade-merge command must give information about the + | original database and then use the standard arguments (like -d) + | to give the information about the new databases. The command + | also requires information that the tool uses for the process to + | upgrade and write over the original database. + | certutil --upgrade-merge -d [sql:]directory [-P dbprefix] --source-dir d + | irectory --source-prefix dbprefix --upgrade-id id --upgrade-token-name n + | ame [-@ password-file] + | For example: + | $ certutil --upgrade-merge -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb --source-dir /opt + | /my-app/alias/ --source-prefix serverapp- --upgrade-id 1 --upgrade-token + | -name internal + | The --merge command only requires information about the + | location of the original database; since it doesn't change the + | format of the database, it can write over information without + | performing interim step. + | certutil --merge -d [sql:]directory [-P dbprefix] --source-dir directory + | --source-prefix dbprefix [-@ password-file] + | For example: + | $ certutil --merge -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb --source-dir /opt/my-app/ + | alias/ --source-prefix serverapp- + | Running certutil Commands from a Batch File + | A series of commands can be run sequentially from a text file + | with the -B command option. The only argument for this + | specifies the input file. + | $ certutil -B -i /path/to/batch-file + | NSS Database Types + | NSS originally used BerkeleyDB databases to store security + | information. The last versions of these legacy databases are: + | \* cert8.db for certificates + | \* key3.db for keys + | \* secmod.db for PKCS #11 module information + | BerkeleyDB has performance limitations, though, which prevent + | it from being easily used by multiple applications + | simultaneously. NSS has some flexibility that allows + | applications to use their own, independent database engine + | while keeping a shared database and working around the access + | issues. Still, NSS requires more flexibility to provide a truly + | shared security database. + | In 2009, NSS introduced a new set of databases that are SQLite + | databases rather than BerkleyDB. These new databases provide + | more accessibility and performance: + | \* cert9.db for certificates + | \* key4.db for keys + | \* pkcs11.txt, which is listing of all of the PKCS #11 modules + | contained in a new subdirectory in the security databases + | directory + | Because the SQLite databases are designed to be shared, these + | are the shared database type. The shared database type is + | preferred; the legacy format is included for backward + | compatibility. + | By default, the tools (certutil, pk12util, modutil) assume that + | the given security databases follow the more common legacy + | type. Using the SQLite databases must be manually specified by + | using the sql: prefix with the given security directory. For + | example: + | $ certutil -L -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb + | To set the shared database type as the default type for the + | tools, set the NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE environment variable to sql: + | export NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE="sql" + | This line can be set added to the ~/.bashrc file to make the + | change permanent. + | Most applications do not use the shared database by default, + | but they can be configured to use them. For example, this + | how-to article covers how to configure Firefox and Thunderbird + | to use the new shared NSS databases: + | \* https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto + | For an engineering draft on the changes in the shared NSS + | databases, see the NSS project wiki: + | \* https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB + | See Also + | pk12util (1) + | modutil (1) + | certutil has arguments or operations that use features defined + | in several IETF RFCs. + | \* `http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5280>`__ + | \* `http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1113 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1113>`__ + | \* `http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1485 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1485>`__ + | The NSS wiki has information on the new database design and how + | to configure applications to use it. + | \* https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto + | \* https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB + | Additional Resources + | For information about NSS and other tools related to NSS (like + | JSS), check out the NSS project wiki at + | + `http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/ <https://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/>`__. + The NSS site + | relates directly to NSS code changes and releases. + | Mailing lists: + | https://lists.mozilla.org/listinfo/dev-tech-crypto + | IRC: Freenode at #dogtag-pki + | Authors + | The NSS tools were written and maintained by developers with + | Netscape, Red Hat, Sun, Oracle, Mozilla, and Google. + | Authors: Elio Maldonado <emaldona@redhat.com>, Deon Lackey + | <dlackey@redhat.com>. + + | LICENSE + | Licensed under the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not + distributed with this file, You can + | obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. + + | NOTES + | 1. Mozilla NSS bug 836477 + | https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=836477
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