path: root/horizon/exceptions.py

# Copyright 2012 Nebula, Inc.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

"""
Exceptions raised by the Horizon code and the machinery for handling them.
"""

import logging
import os
import sys

from debtcollector import removals
from django.core.management import color_style
from django.utils import encoding
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.views.debug import SafeExceptionReporterFilter

from horizon.conf import HORIZON_CONFIG
from horizon import messages

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

SEPARATOR = '\u2026'


class HorizonReporterFilter(SafeExceptionReporterFilter):
    """Error report filter that's always active, even in DEBUG mode."""
    def is_active(self, request):
        return True


class HorizonException(Exception):
    """Base exception class for distinguishing our own exception classes."""


class Http302(HorizonException):
    """Exception used to redirect at the middleware level.

    This error class which can be raised from within a handler to cause
    an early bailout and redirect at the middleware level.
    """
    status_code = 302

    def __init__(self, location, message=None):
        self.location = location
        self.message = message


class NotAuthorized(HorizonException):
    """User tries to access a resource without sufficient permissions.

    Raised whenever a user attempts to access a resource which they do not
    have permission-based access to (such as when failing the
    :func:`~horizon.decorators.require_perms` decorator).

    The included :class:`~horizon.middleware.HorizonMiddleware` catches
    ``NotAuthorized`` and handles it gracefully by displaying an error
    message and redirecting the user to a login page.
    """
    status_code = 401


class NotAuthenticated(HorizonException):
    """Raised when a user is trying to make requests and they are not logged in.

    The included :class:`~horizon.middleware.HorizonMiddleware` catches
    ``NotAuthenticated`` and handles it gracefully by displaying an error
    message and redirecting the user to a login page.
    """
    status_code = 403


class NotFound(HorizonException):
    """Generic error to replace all "Not Found"-type API errors."""
    status_code = 404


class Conflict(HorizonException):
    """Generic error to replace all "Conflict"-type API errors."""
    status_code = 409


class BadRequest(HorizonException):
    """Generic error to replace all "BadRequest"-type API errors."""
    status_code = 400


class RecoverableError(HorizonException):
    """Generic error to replace any "Recoverable"-type API errors."""
    status_code = 100  # HTTP status code "Continue"


class ServiceCatalogException(HorizonException):
    """A requested service is not available in the ``ServiceCatalog``.

    ``ServiceCatalog`` is fetched from Keystone.
    """
    def __init__(self, service_name):
        message = _('Invalid service catalog: %s') % service_name
        super().__init__(message)


class AlreadyExists(HorizonException):
    """API resources tried to create already exists."""
    def __init__(self, name, resource_type):
        self.attrs = {"name": name, "resource": resource_type}
        self.msg = _('A %(resource)s with the name "%(name)s" already exists.')

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.msg % self.attrs

    def __str__(self):
        return self.msg % self.attrs


class GetFileError(HorizonException):
    """Exception to be raised when the value of get_file is not expected.

    The expected values start with https:// or http://.
    Otherwise this exception will be raised.
    """
    def __init__(self, name, resource_type):
        self.attrs = {"name": name, "resource": resource_type}
        self.msg = _('The value of %(resource)s is %(name)s inside the '
                     'template. When launching a stack from this interface,'
                     ' the value must start with "http://" or "https://"')

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<%s name=%r resource_type=%r>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
                                                  self.attrs['name'],
                                                  self.attrs['resource_type'])

    def __str__(self):
        return self.msg % self.attrs


class ConfigurationError(HorizonException):
    """Exception to be raised when invalid settings have been provided."""


class NotAvailable(HorizonException):
    """Exception to be raised when something is not available."""


class WorkflowError(HorizonException):
    """Exception to be raised when something goes wrong in a workflow."""


class WorkflowValidationError(HorizonException):
    """Exception raised during workflow validation.

    It is raised if required data is missing,
    or existing data is not valid.
    """


class MessageFailure(HorizonException):
    """Exception raised during message notification."""


class HandledException(HorizonException):
    """Used internally to track exceptions that are already handled.

    It is used to track exceptions that have gone through
    :func:`horizon.exceptions.handle` more than once.
    """
    def __init__(self, wrapped):
        self.wrapped = wrapped


UNAUTHORIZED = tuple(HORIZON_CONFIG['exceptions']['unauthorized'])
UNAUTHORIZED += (NotAuthorized,)
NOT_FOUND = tuple(HORIZON_CONFIG['exceptions']['not_found'])
NOT_FOUND += (GetFileError,)
RECOVERABLE = (AlreadyExists, Conflict, NotAvailable, ServiceCatalogException,
               BadRequest)
RECOVERABLE += tuple(HORIZON_CONFIG['exceptions']['recoverable'])


def error_color(msg):
    return color_style().ERROR_OUTPUT(msg)


@removals.remove(message='Use exceptions.handle() instead', version='17.2.0')
def check_message(keywords, message):
    """Checks an exception for given keywords and raises an error if found.

    It raises a new ``ActionError`` with the desired message if the
    keywords are found. This allows selective
    control over API error messages.
    """
    exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
    if set(str(exc_value).split(" ")).issuperset(set(keywords)):
        exc_value.message = message
        # NOTE: This function is intended to call inside an except clause.
        # pylint: disable=misplaced-bare-raise
        raise


def handle_unauthorized(request, message, redirect, ignore, escalate, handled,
                        force_silence, force_log,
                        log_method, log_entry, log_level):
    if ignore:
        return NotAuthorized
    if not force_silence and not handled:
        log_method(error_color("Unauthorized: %s" % log_entry))
    if not handled:
        if message:
            message = _("Unauthorized: %s") % message
        # We get some pretty useless error messages back from
        # some clients, so let's define our own fallback.
        fallback = _("Unauthorized. Please try logging in again.")
        messages.error(request, message or fallback)
    # Continue and present our "unauthorized" error message.
    raise NotAuthorized


def handle_notfound(request, message, redirect, ignore, escalate, handled,
                    force_silence, force_log,
                    log_method, log_entry, log_level):
    if not force_silence and not handled and (not ignore or force_log):
        log_method(error_color("Not Found: %s" % log_entry))
    if not ignore and not handled:
        messages.error(request, message or log_entry)
    if redirect:
        raise Http302(redirect)
    if not escalate:
        return NotFound  # return to normal code flow


def handle_recoverable(request, message, redirect, ignore, escalate, handled,
                       force_silence, force_log,
                       log_method, log_entry, log_level):
    if not force_silence and not handled and (not ignore or force_log):
        # Default recoverable error to WARN log level
        log_method = getattr(LOG, log_level or "warning")
        log_method(error_color("Recoverable error: %s" % log_entry))
    if not ignore and not handled:
        messages.error(request, message or log_entry)
    if redirect:
        raise Http302(redirect)
    if not escalate:
        return RecoverableError  # return to normal code flow


HANDLE_EXC_METHODS = [
    {'exc': UNAUTHORIZED, 'handler': handle_unauthorized,
     'set_wrap': False, 'escalate': True},
    {'exc': NOT_FOUND, 'handler': handle_notfound, 'set_wrap': True},
    {'exc': RECOVERABLE, 'handler': handle_recoverable, 'set_wrap': True},
]


def _append_detail(message, details):
    return encoding.force_str(message) + SEPARATOR + \
        encoding.force_str(details)


def handle(request, message=None, redirect=None, ignore=False,
           escalate=False, log_level=None, force_log=None, details=None):
    """Centralized error handling for Horizon.

    Because Horizon consumes so many different APIs with completely
    different ``Exception`` types, it's necessary to have a centralized
    place for handling exceptions which may be raised.

    Exceptions are roughly divided into 3 types:

    #. ``UNAUTHORIZED``: Errors resulting from authentication or authorization
       problems. These result in being logged out and sent to the login screen.
    #. ``NOT_FOUND``: Errors resulting from objects which could not be
       located via the API. These generally result in a user-facing error
       message, but are otherwise returned to the normal code flow. Optionally
       a redirect value may be passed to the error handler so users are
       returned to a different view than the one requested in addition to the
       error message.
    #. ``RECOVERABLE``: Generic API errors which generate a user-facing message
       but drop directly back to the regular code flow.

    All other exceptions bubble the stack as normal unless the ``ignore``
    argument is passed in as ``True``, in which case only unrecognized
    errors are bubbled.

    If the exception is not re-raised, an appropriate wrapper exception
    class indicating the type of exception that was encountered will be
    returned.
    If details is None (default), take it from exception sys.exc_info.
    If details is other string, then use that string explicitly or if details
    is empty then suppress it.
    """
    exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
    log_method = getattr(LOG, log_level or "exception")
    force_log = force_log or os.environ.get("HORIZON_TEST_RUN", False)
    force_silence = getattr(exc_value, "silence_logging", False)

    # Because the same exception may travel through this method more than
    # once (if it's re-raised) we may want to treat it differently
    # the second time (e.g. no user messages/logging).
    handled = issubclass(exc_type, HandledException)
    wrap = False

    # Restore our original exception information, but re-wrap it at the end
    if handled:
        exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = exc_value.wrapped
        wrap = True

    log_entry = encoding.force_str(exc_value)

    user_message = ""
    # We trust messages from our own exceptions
    if issubclass(exc_type, HorizonException):
        user_message = log_entry
    # If the message has a placeholder for the exception, fill it in
    elif message and "%(exc)s" in message:
        user_message = encoding.force_str(message) % {"exc": log_entry}
    elif message:
        user_message = encoding.force_str(message)
    if details is None:
        user_message = _append_detail(user_message, exc_value)
    elif details:
        user_message = _append_detail(user_message, details)

    for exc_handler in HANDLE_EXC_METHODS:
        if issubclass(exc_type, exc_handler['exc']):
            if exc_handler['set_wrap']:
                wrap = True
            handler = exc_handler['handler']
            ret = handler(request, user_message, redirect, ignore,
                          exc_handler.get('escalate', escalate),
                          handled, force_silence, force_log,
                          log_method, log_entry, log_level)
            # NOTE: pylint seems to get confused :(
            # pylint: disable=using-constant-test
            if ret:
                return ret  # return to normal code flow

    # If we've gotten here, time to wrap and/or raise our exception.
    if wrap:
        raise HandledException([exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback])

    # assume exceptions handled in the code that pass in a message are already
    # handled appropriately and treat as recoverable
    if message:
        ret = handle_recoverable(request, user_message, redirect, ignore,
                                 escalate, handled, force_silence, force_log,
                                 log_method, log_entry, log_level)
        # NOTE: pylint seems to get confused :(
        # pylint: disable=using-constant-test
        if ret:
            return ret

    # NOTE: This function is intended to call inside an except clause.
    # pylint: disable=misplaced-bare-raise
    raise